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1 | // GNU Free Documentation License | |
2 | Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 | |
3 | ||
4 | ||
5 | Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
6 | <http://fsf.org/> | |
7 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
8 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
9 | ||
10 | .0. PREAMBLE | |
11 | ||
12 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
13 | functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to | |
14 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | |
15 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | |
16 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | |
17 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | |
18 | for modifications made by others. | |
19 | ||
20 | This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative | |
21 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
22 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
23 | license designed for free software. | |
24 | ||
25 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
26 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
27 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
28 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
29 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
30 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
31 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
32 | ||
33 | ||
34 | .1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
35 | ||
36 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that | |
37 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | |
38 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | |
39 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | |
40 | work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, | |
41 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | |
42 | licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you | |
43 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | |
44 | under copyright law. | |
45 | ||
46 | A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the | |
47 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
48 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
49 | ||
50 | A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of | |
51 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
52 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall | |
53 | subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall | |
54 | directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in | |
55 | part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain | |
56 | any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
57 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
58 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
59 | them. | |
60 | ||
61 | The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
62 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
63 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a | |
64 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | |
65 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | |
66 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | |
67 | Sections then there are none. | |
68 | ||
69 | The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
70 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
71 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may | |
72 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | |
73 | ||
74 | A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
75 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
76 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document | |
77 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of | |
78 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
79 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
80 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
81 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
82 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart | |
83 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | |
84 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | |
85 | of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". | |
86 | ||
87 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
88 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML | |
89 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple | |
90 | HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of | |
91 | transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats | |
92 | include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by | |
93 | proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or | |
94 | processing tools are not generally available, and the | |
95 | machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word | |
96 | processors for output purposes only. | |
97 | ||
98 | The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
99 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
100 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
101 | formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means | |
102 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
103 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
104 | ||
105 | The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of | |
106 | the Document to the public. | |
107 | ||
108 | A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose | |
109 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | |
110 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | |
111 | specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", | |
112 | "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" | |
113 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | |
114 | section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. | |
115 | ||
116 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | |
117 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | |
118 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | |
119 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
120 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | |
121 | no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
122 | ||
123 | .2. VERBATIM COPYING | |
124 | ||
125 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
126 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
127 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
128 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no | |
129 | other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
130 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
131 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
132 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
133 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
134 | ||
135 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
136 | you may publicly display copies. | |
137 | ||
138 | ||
139 | .3. COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
140 | ||
141 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have | |
142 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | |
143 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | |
144 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
145 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on | |
146 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
147 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
148 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
149 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
150 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
151 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
152 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
153 | ||
154 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
155 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
156 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
157 | pages. | |
158 | ||
159 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
160 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
161 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
162 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using | |
163 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | |
164 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | |
165 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | |
166 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | |
167 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | |
168 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | |
169 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | |
170 | edition to the public. | |
171 | ||
172 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
173 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to | |
174 | give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the | |
175 | Document. | |
176 | ||
177 | ||
178 | .4. MODIFICATIONS | |
179 | ||
180 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
181 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
182 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
183 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
184 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
185 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
186 | ||
187 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
188 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
189 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
190 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
191 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission. | |
192 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
193 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
194 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
195 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), | |
196 | unless they release you from this requirement. | |
197 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
198 | Modified Version, as the publisher. | |
199 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. | |
200 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
201 | adjacent to the other copyright notices. | |
202 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
203 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
204 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. | |
205 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
206 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. | |
207 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. | |
208 | I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add | |
209 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
210 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | |
211 | there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one | |
212 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | |
213 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
214 | Version as stated in the previous sentence. | |
215 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
216 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
217 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
218 | it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. | |
219 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
220 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
221 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. | |
222 | K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", | |
223 | Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all | |
224 | the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements | |
225 | and/or dedications given therein. | |
226 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
227 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
228 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. | |
229 | M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section | |
230 | may not be included in the Modified Version. | |
231 | N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" | |
232 | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. | |
233 | O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. | |
234 | ||
235 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
236 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
237 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
238 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
239 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
240 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
241 | ||
242 | You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains | |
243 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | |
244 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
245 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
246 | standard. | |
247 | ||
248 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
249 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
250 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
251 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
252 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
253 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
254 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
255 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
256 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
257 | ||
258 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
259 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
260 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
261 | ||
262 | ||
263 | .5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
264 | ||
265 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
266 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
267 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
268 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
269 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
270 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. | |
271 | ||
272 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
273 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
274 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
275 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
276 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
277 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
278 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
279 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
280 | ||
281 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" | |
282 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | |
283 | "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", | |
284 | and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections | |
285 | Entitled "Endorsements". | |
286 | ||
287 | ||
288 | .6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
289 | ||
290 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other | |
291 | documents released under this License, and replace the individual | |
292 | copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy | |
293 | that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules | |
294 | of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all | |
295 | other respects. | |
296 | ||
297 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and | |
298 | distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a | |
299 | copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this | |
300 | License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that | |
301 | document. | |
302 | ||
303 | ||
304 | .7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
305 | ||
306 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
307 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
308 | distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright | |
309 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | |
310 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
311 | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not | |
312 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | |
313 | derivative works of the Document. | |
314 | ||
315 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
316 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of | |
317 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
318 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
319 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | |
320 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | |
321 | aggregate. | |
322 | ||
323 | ||
324 | .8. TRANSLATION | |
325 | ||
326 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
327 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
328 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
329 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
330 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
331 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
332 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the | |
333 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | |
334 | the original English version of this License and the original versions | |
335 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | |
336 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | |
337 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | |
338 | ||
339 | If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", | |
340 | "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | |
341 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | |
342 | title. | |
343 | ||
344 | ||
345 | .9. TERMINATION | |
346 | ||
347 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document | |
348 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | |
349 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and | |
350 | will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | |
351 | ||
352 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license | |
353 | from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, | |
354 | unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally | |
355 | terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder | |
356 | fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to | |
357 | 60 days after the cessation. | |
358 | ||
359 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is | |
360 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the | |
361 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have | |
362 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that | |
363 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after | |
364 | your receipt of the notice. | |
365 | ||
366 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the | |
367 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under | |
368 | this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently | |
369 | reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does | |
370 | not give you any rights to use it. | |
371 | ||
372 | ||
373 | .10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
374 | ||
375 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the | |
376 | GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions | |
377 | will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in | |
378 | detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
379 | http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. | |
380 | ||
381 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
382 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
383 | License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of | |
384 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
385 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
386 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
387 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
388 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document | |
389 | specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this | |
390 | License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a | |
391 | version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the | |
392 | Document. | |
393 | ||
394 | .11. RELICENSING | |
395 | ||
396 | "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any | |
397 | World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also | |
398 | provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A | |
399 | public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A | |
400 | "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site | |
401 | means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site. | |
402 | ||
403 | "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 | |
404 | license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit | |
405 | corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, | |
406 | California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license | |
407 | published by that same organization. | |
408 | ||
409 | "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in | |
410 | part, as part of another Document. | |
411 | ||
412 | An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this | |
413 | License, and if all works that were first published under this License | |
414 | somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or | |
415 | in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and | |
416 | (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. | |
417 | ||
418 | The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site | |
419 | under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, | |
420 | provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. |