1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
7 * Memory region support
8 * David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
10 * Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
11 * Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
13 * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
14 * Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
16 * Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
17 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
22 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
25 #include <linux/sched.h>
27 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
28 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
29 #include <linux/ioport.h>
30 #include <linux/acpi.h>
31 #include <linux/sfi.h>
32 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
33 #include <linux/initrd.h>
34 #include <linux/memblock.h>
35 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
36 #include <linux/console.h>
37 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
38 #include <linux/highmem.h>
39 #include <linux/export.h>
40 #include <linux/efi.h>
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/edd.h>
43 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
44 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
45 #include <linux/kexec.h>
46 #include <linux/dmi.h>
47 #include <linux/pfn.h>
48 #include <linux/pci.h>
49 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
50 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
51 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
52 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
54 #include <uapi/linux/mount.h>
56 #include <linux/errno.h>
57 #include <linux/kernel.h>
58 #include <linux/stddef.h>
59 #include <linux/unistd.h>
60 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
61 #include <linux/user.h>
62 #include <linux/delay.h>
64 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
65 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
66 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
67 #include <linux/ctype.h>
68 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
70 #include <linux/percpu.h>
71 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
72 #include <linux/tboot.h>
73 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
74 #include <linux/mem_encrypt.h>
75 #include <linux/sizes.h>
77 #include <linux/usb/xhci-dbgp.h>
78 #include <video/edid.h>
82 #include <asm/realmode.h>
83 #include <asm/e820/api.h>
84 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
85 #include <asm/setup.h>
87 #include <asm/timer.h>
88 #include <asm/i8259.h>
89 #include <asm/sections.h>
90 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
92 #include <asm/setup_arch.h>
93 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
94 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
95 #include <asm/processor.h>
97 #include <asm/kasan.h>
99 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
101 #include <asm/desc.h>
103 #include <asm/iommu.h>
104 #include <asm/gart.h>
105 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
106 #include <asm/proto.h>
108 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
109 #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
110 #include <asm/olpc_ofw.h>
112 #include <asm/percpu.h>
113 #include <asm/topology.h>
114 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
115 #include <asm/amd_nb.h>
117 #include <asm/alternative.h>
118 #include <asm/prom.h>
119 #include <asm/microcode.h>
120 #include <asm/kaslr.h>
121 #include <asm/unwind.h>
124 * max_low_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn under 4GB
125 * max_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn over 4GB
127 * The direct mapping only covers E820_TYPE_RAM regions, so the ranges and gaps are
128 * represented by pfn_mapped
130 unsigned long max_low_pfn_mapped
;
131 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped
;
134 RESERVE_BRK(dmi_alloc
, 65536);
138 static __initdata
unsigned long _brk_start
= (unsigned long)__brk_base
;
139 unsigned long _brk_end
= (unsigned long)__brk_base
;
141 struct boot_params boot_params
;
146 static struct resource data_resource
= {
147 .name
= "Kernel data",
150 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
153 static struct resource code_resource
= {
154 .name
= "Kernel code",
157 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
160 static struct resource bss_resource
= {
161 .name
= "Kernel bss",
164 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
169 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head_32.S */
170 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data
;
172 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
173 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly
;
174 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data
);
176 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp
;
178 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
179 unsigned int machine_id
;
180 unsigned int machine_submodel_id
;
181 unsigned int BIOS_revision
;
183 struct apm_info apm_info
;
184 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info
);
186 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
187 defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
188 struct ist_info ist_info
;
189 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info
);
191 struct ist_info ist_info
;
195 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly
;
196 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data
);
200 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
201 __visible
unsigned long mmu_cr4_features __ro_after_init
;
203 __visible
unsigned long mmu_cr4_features __ro_after_init
= X86_CR4_PAE
;
206 /* Boot loader ID and version as integers, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
207 int bootloader_type
, bootloader_version
;
212 struct screen_info screen_info
;
213 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info
);
214 struct edid_info edid_info
;
215 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info
);
217 extern int root_mountflags
;
219 unsigned long saved_video_mode
;
221 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK 0x07FF
222 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG 0x8000
223 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG 0x4000
225 static char __initdata command_line
[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
];
226 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
227 static char __initdata builtin_cmdline
[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
] = CONFIG_CMDLINE
;
230 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
232 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
236 * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
237 * from boot_params into a safe place.
240 static inline void __init
copy_edd(void)
242 memcpy(edd
.mbr_signature
, boot_params
.edd_mbr_sig_buffer
,
243 sizeof(edd
.mbr_signature
));
244 memcpy(edd
.edd_info
, boot_params
.eddbuf
, sizeof(edd
.edd_info
));
245 edd
.mbr_signature_nr
= boot_params
.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries
;
246 edd
.edd_info_nr
= boot_params
.eddbuf_entries
;
249 static inline void __init
copy_edd(void)
254 void * __init
extend_brk(size_t size
, size_t align
)
256 size_t mask
= align
- 1;
259 BUG_ON(_brk_start
== 0);
260 BUG_ON(align
& mask
);
262 _brk_end
= (_brk_end
+ mask
) & ~mask
;
263 BUG_ON((char *)(_brk_end
+ size
) > __brk_limit
);
265 ret
= (void *)_brk_end
;
268 memset(ret
, 0, size
);
274 static void __init
cleanup_highmap(void)
279 static void __init
reserve_brk(void)
281 if (_brk_end
> _brk_start
)
282 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_brk_start
),
283 _brk_end
- _brk_start
);
285 /* Mark brk area as locked down and no longer taking any
290 u64 relocated_ramdisk
;
292 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
294 static u64 __init
get_ramdisk_image(void)
296 u64 ramdisk_image
= boot_params
.hdr
.ramdisk_image
;
298 ramdisk_image
|= (u64
)boot_params
.ext_ramdisk_image
<< 32;
300 return ramdisk_image
;
302 static u64 __init
get_ramdisk_size(void)
304 u64 ramdisk_size
= boot_params
.hdr
.ramdisk_size
;
306 ramdisk_size
|= (u64
)boot_params
.ext_ramdisk_size
<< 32;
311 static void __init
relocate_initrd(void)
313 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
314 u64 ramdisk_image
= get_ramdisk_image();
315 u64 ramdisk_size
= get_ramdisk_size();
316 u64 area_size
= PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_size
);
318 /* We need to move the initrd down into directly mapped mem */
319 relocated_ramdisk
= memblock_find_in_range(0, PFN_PHYS(max_pfn_mapped
),
320 area_size
, PAGE_SIZE
);
322 if (!relocated_ramdisk
)
323 panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
326 /* Note: this includes all the mem currently occupied by
327 the initrd, we rely on that fact to keep the data intact. */
328 memblock_reserve(relocated_ramdisk
, area_size
);
329 initrd_start
= relocated_ramdisk
+ PAGE_OFFSET
;
330 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ ramdisk_size
;
331 printk(KERN_INFO
"Allocated new RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
332 relocated_ramdisk
, relocated_ramdisk
+ ramdisk_size
- 1);
334 copy_from_early_mem((void *)initrd_start
, ramdisk_image
, ramdisk_size
);
336 printk(KERN_INFO
"Move RAMDISK from [mem %#010llx-%#010llx] to"
337 " [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
338 ramdisk_image
, ramdisk_image
+ ramdisk_size
- 1,
339 relocated_ramdisk
, relocated_ramdisk
+ ramdisk_size
- 1);
342 static void __init
early_reserve_initrd(void)
344 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
345 u64 ramdisk_image
= get_ramdisk_image();
346 u64 ramdisk_size
= get_ramdisk_size();
347 u64 ramdisk_end
= PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image
+ ramdisk_size
);
349 if (!boot_params
.hdr
.type_of_loader
||
350 !ramdisk_image
|| !ramdisk_size
)
351 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
353 memblock_reserve(ramdisk_image
, ramdisk_end
- ramdisk_image
);
355 static void __init
reserve_initrd(void)
357 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
358 u64 ramdisk_image
= get_ramdisk_image();
359 u64 ramdisk_size
= get_ramdisk_size();
360 u64 ramdisk_end
= PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image
+ ramdisk_size
);
363 if (!boot_params
.hdr
.type_of_loader
||
364 !ramdisk_image
|| !ramdisk_size
)
365 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
369 mapped_size
= memblock_mem_size(max_pfn_mapped
);
370 if (ramdisk_size
>= (mapped_size
>>1))
371 panic("initrd too large to handle, "
372 "disabling initrd (%lld needed, %lld available)\n",
373 ramdisk_size
, mapped_size
>>1);
375 printk(KERN_INFO
"RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n", ramdisk_image
,
378 if (pfn_range_is_mapped(PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_image
),
379 PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_end
))) {
380 /* All are mapped, easy case */
381 initrd_start
= ramdisk_image
+ PAGE_OFFSET
;
382 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ ramdisk_size
;
388 memblock_free(ramdisk_image
, ramdisk_end
- ramdisk_image
);
392 static void __init
early_reserve_initrd(void)
395 static void __init
reserve_initrd(void)
398 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
400 static void __init
parse_setup_data(void)
402 struct setup_data
*data
;
403 u64 pa_data
, pa_next
;
405 pa_data
= boot_params
.hdr
.setup_data
;
407 u32 data_len
, data_type
;
409 data
= early_memremap(pa_data
, sizeof(*data
));
410 data_len
= data
->len
+ sizeof(struct setup_data
);
411 data_type
= data
->type
;
412 pa_next
= data
->next
;
413 early_memunmap(data
, sizeof(*data
));
417 e820__memory_setup_extended(pa_data
, data_len
);
423 parse_efi_setup(pa_data
, data_len
);
432 static void __init
memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data(void)
434 struct setup_data
*data
;
437 pa_data
= boot_params
.hdr
.setup_data
;
439 data
= early_memremap(pa_data
, sizeof(*data
));
440 memblock_reserve(pa_data
, sizeof(*data
) + data
->len
);
441 pa_data
= data
->next
;
442 early_memunmap(data
, sizeof(*data
));
447 * --------- Crashkernel reservation ------------------------------
450 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
452 /* 16M alignment for crash kernel regions */
453 #define CRASH_ALIGN SZ_16M
456 * Keep the crash kernel below this limit.
458 * On 32 bits earlier kernels would limit the kernel to the low 512 MiB
459 * due to mapping restrictions.
461 * On 64bit, kdump kernel need be restricted to be under 64TB, which is
462 * the upper limit of system RAM in 4-level paing mode. Since the kdump
463 * jumping could be from 5-level to 4-level, the jumping will fail if
464 * kernel is put above 64TB, and there's no way to detect the paging mode
465 * of the kernel which will be loaded for dumping during the 1st kernel
469 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX SZ_512M
470 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX SZ_512M
472 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX SZ_4G
473 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX SZ_64T
476 static int __init
reserve_crashkernel_low(void)
479 unsigned long long base
, low_base
= 0, low_size
= 0;
480 unsigned long total_low_mem
;
483 total_low_mem
= memblock_mem_size(1UL << (32 - PAGE_SHIFT
));
485 /* crashkernel=Y,low */
486 ret
= parse_crashkernel_low(boot_command_line
, total_low_mem
, &low_size
, &base
);
489 * two parts from lib/swiotlb.c:
490 * -swiotlb size: user-specified with swiotlb= or default.
492 * -swiotlb overflow buffer: now hardcoded to 32k. We round it
493 * to 8M for other buffers that may need to stay low too. Also
494 * make sure we allocate enough extra low memory so that we
495 * don't run out of DMA buffers for 32-bit devices.
497 low_size
= max(swiotlb_size_or_default() + (8UL << 20), 256UL << 20);
499 /* passed with crashkernel=0,low ? */
504 low_base
= memblock_find_in_range(0, 1ULL << 32, low_size
, CRASH_ALIGN
);
506 pr_err("Cannot reserve %ldMB crashkernel low memory, please try smaller size.\n",
507 (unsigned long)(low_size
>> 20));
511 ret
= memblock_reserve(low_base
, low_size
);
513 pr_err("%s: Error reserving crashkernel low memblock.\n", __func__
);
517 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of low memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System low RAM: %ldMB)\n",
518 (unsigned long)(low_size
>> 20),
519 (unsigned long)(low_base
>> 20),
520 (unsigned long)(total_low_mem
>> 20));
522 crashk_low_res
.start
= low_base
;
523 crashk_low_res
.end
= low_base
+ low_size
- 1;
524 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &crashk_low_res
);
529 static void __init
reserve_crashkernel(void)
531 unsigned long long crash_size
, crash_base
, total_mem
;
535 total_mem
= memblock_phys_mem_size();
538 ret
= parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line
, total_mem
, &crash_size
, &crash_base
);
539 if (ret
!= 0 || crash_size
<= 0) {
540 /* crashkernel=X,high */
541 ret
= parse_crashkernel_high(boot_command_line
, total_mem
,
542 &crash_size
, &crash_base
);
543 if (ret
!= 0 || crash_size
<= 0)
548 if (xen_pv_domain()) {
549 pr_info("Ignoring crashkernel for a Xen PV domain\n");
553 /* 0 means: find the address automatically */
556 * Set CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX upper bound for crash memory,
557 * crashkernel=x,high reserves memory over 4G, also allocates
558 * 256M extra low memory for DMA buffers and swiotlb.
559 * But the extra memory is not required for all machines.
560 * So try low memory first and fall back to high memory
561 * unless "crashkernel=size[KMG],high" is specified.
564 crash_base
= memblock_find_in_range(CRASH_ALIGN
,
566 crash_size
, CRASH_ALIGN
);
568 crash_base
= memblock_find_in_range(CRASH_ALIGN
,
570 crash_size
, CRASH_ALIGN
);
572 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - No suitable area found.\n");
576 unsigned long long start
;
578 start
= memblock_find_in_range(crash_base
,
579 crash_base
+ crash_size
,
580 crash_size
, 1 << 20);
581 if (start
!= crash_base
) {
582 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
586 ret
= memblock_reserve(crash_base
, crash_size
);
588 pr_err("%s: Error reserving crashkernel memblock.\n", __func__
);
592 if (crash_base
>= (1ULL << 32) && reserve_crashkernel_low()) {
593 memblock_free(crash_base
, crash_size
);
597 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System RAM: %ldMB)\n",
598 (unsigned long)(crash_size
>> 20),
599 (unsigned long)(crash_base
>> 20),
600 (unsigned long)(total_mem
>> 20));
602 crashk_res
.start
= crash_base
;
603 crashk_res
.end
= crash_base
+ crash_size
- 1;
604 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &crashk_res
);
607 static void __init
reserve_crashkernel(void)
612 static struct resource standard_io_resources
[] = {
613 { .name
= "dma1", .start
= 0x00, .end
= 0x1f,
614 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
615 { .name
= "pic1", .start
= 0x20, .end
= 0x21,
616 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
617 { .name
= "timer0", .start
= 0x40, .end
= 0x43,
618 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
619 { .name
= "timer1", .start
= 0x50, .end
= 0x53,
620 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
621 { .name
= "keyboard", .start
= 0x60, .end
= 0x60,
622 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
623 { .name
= "keyboard", .start
= 0x64, .end
= 0x64,
624 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
625 { .name
= "dma page reg", .start
= 0x80, .end
= 0x8f,
626 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
627 { .name
= "pic2", .start
= 0xa0, .end
= 0xa1,
628 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
629 { .name
= "dma2", .start
= 0xc0, .end
= 0xdf,
630 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
631 { .name
= "fpu", .start
= 0xf0, .end
= 0xff,
632 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
}
635 void __init
reserve_standard_io_resources(void)
639 /* request I/O space for devices used on all i[345]86 PCs */
640 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(standard_io_resources
); i
++)
641 request_resource(&ioport_resource
, &standard_io_resources
[i
]);
645 static __init
void reserve_ibft_region(void)
647 unsigned long addr
, size
= 0;
649 addr
= find_ibft_region(&size
);
652 memblock_reserve(addr
, size
);
655 static bool __init
snb_gfx_workaround_needed(void)
660 static const __initconst u16 snb_ids
[] = {
670 /* Assume no if something weird is going on with PCI */
671 if (!early_pci_allowed())
674 vendor
= read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_VENDOR_ID
);
675 if (vendor
!= 0x8086)
678 devid
= read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_DEVICE_ID
);
679 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(snb_ids
); i
++)
680 if (devid
== snb_ids
[i
])
688 * Sandy Bridge graphics has trouble with certain ranges, exclude
689 * them from allocation.
691 static void __init
trim_snb_memory(void)
693 static const __initconst
unsigned long bad_pages
[] = {
702 if (!snb_gfx_workaround_needed())
705 printk(KERN_DEBUG
"reserving inaccessible SNB gfx pages\n");
708 * Reserve all memory below the 1 MB mark that has not
709 * already been reserved.
711 memblock_reserve(0, 1<<20);
713 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(bad_pages
); i
++) {
714 if (memblock_reserve(bad_pages
[i
], PAGE_SIZE
))
715 printk(KERN_WARNING
"failed to reserve 0x%08lx\n",
721 * Here we put platform-specific memory range workarounds, i.e.
722 * memory known to be corrupt or otherwise in need to be reserved on
723 * specific platforms.
725 * If this gets used more widely it could use a real dispatch mechanism.
727 static void __init
trim_platform_memory_ranges(void)
732 static void __init
trim_bios_range(void)
735 * A special case is the first 4Kb of memory;
736 * This is a BIOS owned area, not kernel ram, but generally
737 * not listed as such in the E820 table.
739 * This typically reserves additional memory (64KiB by default)
740 * since some BIOSes are known to corrupt low memory. See the
741 * Kconfig help text for X86_RESERVE_LOW.
743 e820__range_update(0, PAGE_SIZE
, E820_TYPE_RAM
, E820_TYPE_RESERVED
);
746 * special case: Some BIOSen report the PC BIOS
747 * area (640->1Mb) as ram even though it is not.
750 e820__range_remove(BIOS_BEGIN
, BIOS_END
- BIOS_BEGIN
, E820_TYPE_RAM
, 1);
752 e820__update_table(e820_table
);
755 /* called before trim_bios_range() to spare extra sanitize */
756 static void __init
e820_add_kernel_range(void)
758 u64 start
= __pa_symbol(_text
);
759 u64 size
= __pa_symbol(_end
) - start
;
762 * Complain if .text .data and .bss are not marked as E820_TYPE_RAM and
763 * attempt to fix it by adding the range. We may have a confused BIOS,
764 * or the user may have used memmap=exactmap or memmap=xxM$yyM to
765 * exclude kernel range. If we really are running on top non-RAM,
766 * we will crash later anyways.
768 if (e820__mapped_all(start
, start
+ size
, E820_TYPE_RAM
))
771 pr_warn(".text .data .bss are not marked as E820_TYPE_RAM!\n");
772 e820__range_remove(start
, size
, E820_TYPE_RAM
, 0);
773 e820__range_add(start
, size
, E820_TYPE_RAM
);
776 static unsigned reserve_low
= CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW
<< 10;
778 static int __init
parse_reservelow(char *p
)
780 unsigned long long size
;
785 size
= memparse(p
, &p
);
798 early_param("reservelow", parse_reservelow
);
800 static void __init
trim_low_memory_range(void)
802 memblock_reserve(0, ALIGN(reserve_low
, PAGE_SIZE
));
806 * Dump out kernel offset information on panic.
809 dump_kernel_offset(struct notifier_block
*self
, unsigned long v
, void *p
)
811 if (kaslr_enabled()) {
812 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: 0x%lx from 0x%lx (relocation range: 0x%lx-0x%lx)\n",
818 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: disabled\n");
825 * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader. If so, then we have also been
826 * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
827 * for initialization. Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
828 * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
829 * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
832 * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
834 * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
837 void __init
setup_arch(char **cmdline_p
)
840 * Reserve the memory occupied by the kernel between _text and
841 * __end_of_kernel_reserve symbols. Any kernel sections after the
842 * __end_of_kernel_reserve symbol must be explicitly reserved with a
843 * separate memblock_reserve() or they will be discarded.
845 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_text
),
846 (unsigned long)__end_of_kernel_reserve
- (unsigned long)_text
);
849 * Make sure page 0 is always reserved because on systems with
850 * L1TF its contents can be leaked to user processes.
852 memblock_reserve(0, PAGE_SIZE
);
854 early_reserve_initrd();
857 * At this point everything still needed from the boot loader
858 * or BIOS or kernel text should be early reserved or marked not
859 * RAM in e820. All other memory is free game.
863 memcpy(&boot_cpu_data
, &new_cpu_data
, sizeof(new_cpu_data
));
866 * copy kernel address range established so far and switch
867 * to the proper swapper page table
869 clone_pgd_range(swapper_pg_dir
+ KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY
,
870 initial_page_table
+ KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY
,
873 load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir
);
875 * Note: Quark X1000 CPUs advertise PGE incorrectly and require
876 * a cr3 based tlb flush, so the following __flush_tlb_all()
877 * will not flush anything because the cpu quirk which clears
878 * X86_FEATURE_PGE has not been invoked yet. Though due to the
879 * load_cr3() above the TLB has been flushed already. The
880 * quirk is invoked before subsequent calls to __flush_tlb_all()
881 * so proper operation is guaranteed.
885 printk(KERN_INFO
"Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line
);
886 boot_cpu_data
.x86_phys_bits
= MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS
;
890 * If we have OLPC OFW, we might end up relocating the fixmap due to
891 * reserve_top(), so do this before touching the ioremap area.
895 idt_setup_early_traps();
897 arch_init_ideal_nops();
899 early_ioremap_init();
901 setup_olpc_ofw_pgd();
903 ROOT_DEV
= old_decode_dev(boot_params
.hdr
.root_dev
);
904 screen_info
= boot_params
.screen_info
;
905 edid_info
= boot_params
.edid_info
;
907 apm_info
.bios
= boot_params
.apm_bios_info
;
908 ist_info
= boot_params
.ist_info
;
910 saved_video_mode
= boot_params
.hdr
.vid_mode
;
911 bootloader_type
= boot_params
.hdr
.type_of_loader
;
912 if ((bootloader_type
>> 4) == 0xe) {
913 bootloader_type
&= 0xf;
914 bootloader_type
|= (boot_params
.hdr
.ext_loader_type
+0x10) << 4;
916 bootloader_version
= bootloader_type
& 0xf;
917 bootloader_version
|= boot_params
.hdr
.ext_loader_ver
<< 4;
919 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
920 rd_image_start
= boot_params
.hdr
.ram_size
& RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK
;
921 rd_prompt
= ((boot_params
.hdr
.ram_size
& RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG
) != 0);
922 rd_doload
= ((boot_params
.hdr
.ram_size
& RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG
) != 0);
925 if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params
.efi_info
.efi_loader_signature
,
926 EFI32_LOADER_SIGNATURE
, 4)) {
927 set_bit(EFI_BOOT
, &efi
.flags
);
928 } else if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params
.efi_info
.efi_loader_signature
,
929 EFI64_LOADER_SIGNATURE
, 4)) {
930 set_bit(EFI_BOOT
, &efi
.flags
);
931 set_bit(EFI_64BIT
, &efi
.flags
);
935 x86_init
.oem
.arch_setup();
937 iomem_resource
.end
= (1ULL << boot_cpu_data
.x86_phys_bits
) - 1;
938 e820__memory_setup();
943 if (!boot_params
.hdr
.root_flags
)
944 root_mountflags
&= ~MS_RDONLY
;
945 init_mm
.start_code
= (unsigned long) _text
;
946 init_mm
.end_code
= (unsigned long) _etext
;
947 init_mm
.end_data
= (unsigned long) _edata
;
948 init_mm
.brk
= _brk_end
;
950 mpx_mm_init(&init_mm
);
952 code_resource
.start
= __pa_symbol(_text
);
953 code_resource
.end
= __pa_symbol(_etext
)-1;
954 data_resource
.start
= __pa_symbol(_etext
);
955 data_resource
.end
= __pa_symbol(_edata
)-1;
956 bss_resource
.start
= __pa_symbol(__bss_start
);
957 bss_resource
.end
= __pa_symbol(__bss_stop
)-1;
959 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
960 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
961 strlcpy(boot_command_line
, builtin_cmdline
, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
963 if (builtin_cmdline
[0]) {
964 /* append boot loader cmdline to builtin */
965 strlcat(builtin_cmdline
, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
966 strlcat(builtin_cmdline
, boot_command_line
, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
967 strlcpy(boot_command_line
, builtin_cmdline
, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
972 strlcpy(command_line
, boot_command_line
, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
973 *cmdline_p
= command_line
;
976 * x86_configure_nx() is called before parse_early_param() to detect
977 * whether hardware doesn't support NX (so that the early EHCI debug
978 * console setup can safely call set_fixmap()). It may then be called
979 * again from within noexec_setup() during parsing early parameters
980 * to honor the respective command line option.
986 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT
))
987 efi_memblock_x86_reserve_range();
988 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
990 * Memory used by the kernel cannot be hot-removed because Linux
991 * cannot migrate the kernel pages. When memory hotplug is
992 * enabled, we should prevent memblock from allocating memory
995 * ACPI SRAT records all hotpluggable memory ranges. But before
996 * SRAT is parsed, we don't know about it.
998 * The kernel image is loaded into memory at very early time. We
999 * cannot prevent this anyway. So on NUMA system, we set any
1000 * node the kernel resides in as un-hotpluggable.
1002 * Since on modern servers, one node could have double-digit
1003 * gigabytes memory, we can assume the memory around the kernel
1004 * image is also un-hotpluggable. So before SRAT is parsed, just
1005 * allocate memory near the kernel image to try the best to keep
1006 * the kernel away from hotpluggable memory.
1008 if (movable_node_is_enabled())
1009 memblock_set_bottom_up(true);
1014 /* after early param, so could get panic from serial */
1015 memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data();
1017 if (acpi_mps_check()) {
1018 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
1021 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_APIC
);
1024 e820__reserve_setup_data();
1025 e820__finish_early_params();
1027 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT
))
1033 * VMware detection requires dmi to be available, so this
1034 * needs to be done after dmi_setup(), for the boot CPU.
1036 init_hypervisor_platform();
1039 x86_init
.resources
.probe_roms();
1041 /* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
1042 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &code_resource
);
1043 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &data_resource
);
1044 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &bss_resource
);
1046 e820_add_kernel_range();
1048 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1049 if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
1050 e820__range_update(0x70000000ULL
, 0x40000ULL
, E820_TYPE_RAM
,
1051 E820_TYPE_RESERVED
);
1052 e820__update_table(e820_table
);
1053 printk(KERN_INFO
"fixed physical RAM map:\n");
1054 e820__print_table("bad_ppro");
1057 early_gart_iommu_check();
1061 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
1062 * we are rounding upwards:
1064 max_pfn
= e820__end_of_ram_pfn();
1066 /* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
1068 if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn
))
1069 max_pfn
= e820__end_of_ram_pfn();
1071 max_possible_pfn
= max_pfn
;
1074 * This call is required when the CPU does not support PAT. If
1075 * mtrr_bp_init() invoked it already via pat_init() the call has no
1081 * Define random base addresses for memory sections after max_pfn is
1082 * defined and before each memory section base is used.
1084 kernel_randomize_memory();
1086 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1087 /* max_low_pfn get updated here */
1088 find_low_pfn_range();
1092 /* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
1093 /* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
1094 if (max_pfn
> (1UL<<(32 - PAGE_SHIFT
)))
1095 max_low_pfn
= e820__end_of_low_ram_pfn();
1097 max_low_pfn
= max_pfn
;
1099 high_memory
= (void *)__va(max_pfn
* PAGE_SIZE
- 1) + 1;
1103 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
1107 reserve_ibft_region();
1109 early_alloc_pgt_buf();
1112 * Need to conclude brk, before e820__memblock_setup()
1113 * it could use memblock_find_in_range, could overlap with
1120 memblock_set_current_limit(ISA_END_ADDRESS
);
1121 e820__memblock_setup();
1123 reserve_bios_regions();
1125 if (efi_enabled(EFI_MEMMAP
)) {
1131 * The EFI specification says that boot service code won't be
1132 * called after ExitBootServices(). This is, in fact, a lie.
1134 efi_reserve_boot_services();
1137 /* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
1138 e820__memblock_alloc_reserved_mpc_new();
1140 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CHECK_BIOS_CORRUPTION
1141 setup_bios_corruption_check();
1144 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1145 printk(KERN_DEBUG
"initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-%#010lx]\n",
1146 (max_pfn_mapped
<<PAGE_SHIFT
) - 1);
1149 reserve_real_mode();
1151 trim_platform_memory_ranges();
1152 trim_low_memory_range();
1156 idt_setup_early_pf();
1159 * Update mmu_cr4_features (and, indirectly, trampoline_cr4_features)
1160 * with the current CR4 value. This may not be necessary, but
1161 * auditing all the early-boot CR4 manipulation would be needed to
1164 * Mask off features that don't work outside long mode (just
1167 mmu_cr4_features
= __read_cr4() & ~X86_CR4_PCIDE
;
1169 memblock_set_current_limit(get_max_mapped());
1172 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
1175 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
1176 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early
)
1177 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
1179 /* Allocate bigger log buffer */
1182 efi_set_secure_boot(boot_params
.secure_boot
);
1186 acpi_table_upgrade();
1192 early_platform_quirks();
1195 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
1197 acpi_boot_table_init();
1199 early_acpi_boot_init();
1202 dma_contiguous_reserve(max_pfn_mapped
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
1205 * Reserve memory for crash kernel after SRAT is parsed so that it
1206 * won't consume hotpluggable memory.
1208 reserve_crashkernel();
1210 memblock_find_dma_reserve();
1212 if (!early_xdbc_setup_hardware())
1213 early_xdbc_register_console();
1215 x86_init
.paging
.pagetable_init();
1220 * Sync back kernel address range.
1222 * FIXME: Can the later sync in setup_cpu_entry_areas() replace
1225 sync_initial_page_table();
1231 generic_apic_probe();
1236 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
1243 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
1248 * Systems w/o ACPI and mptables might not have it mapped the local
1249 * APIC yet, but prefill_possible_map() might need to access it.
1251 init_apic_mappings();
1253 prefill_possible_map();
1257 io_apic_init_mappings();
1259 x86_init
.hyper
.guest_late_init();
1261 e820__reserve_resources();
1262 e820__register_nosave_regions(max_pfn
);
1264 x86_init
.resources
.reserve_resources();
1266 e820__setup_pci_gap();
1269 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
1270 if (!efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT
) || (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY
))
1271 conswitchp
= &vga_con
;
1272 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
1273 conswitchp
= &dummy_con
;
1276 x86_init
.oem
.banner();
1278 x86_init
.timers
.wallclock_init();
1282 register_refined_jiffies(CLOCK_TICK_RATE
);
1285 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT
))
1286 efi_apply_memmap_quirks();
1292 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1294 static struct resource video_ram_resource
= {
1295 .name
= "Video RAM area",
1298 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_MEM
1301 void __init
i386_reserve_resources(void)
1303 request_resource(&iomem_resource
, &video_ram_resource
);
1304 reserve_standard_io_resources();
1307 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
1309 static struct notifier_block kernel_offset_notifier
= {
1310 .notifier_call
= dump_kernel_offset
1313 static int __init
register_kernel_offset_dumper(void)
1315 atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list
,
1316 &kernel_offset_notifier
);
1319 __initcall(register_kernel_offset_dumper
);