X-Git-Url: https://git.proxmox.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=HACKING;h=6654d332493af1c647a9de26d9014195d4f6c0f8;hb=c9f10124a2704b6bab21b31e79735b18d414a654;hp=3af53fdcb8c3eb1411abf2d46e452338a68a9a28;hpb=417131fb9ad3f6dd7177a338cc5f143dec4d75f0;p=qemu.git

diff --git a/HACKING b/HACKING
index 3af53fdcb..6654d3324 100644
--- a/HACKING
+++ b/HACKING
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ mandatory for VMState fields.
 
 Don't use Linux kernel internal types like u32, __u32 or __le32.
 
-Use target_phys_addr_t for guest physical addresses except pcibus_t
+Use hwaddr for guest physical addresses except pcibus_t
 for PCI addresses.  In addition, ram_addr_t is a QEMU internal address
 space that maps guest RAM physical addresses into an intermediate
 address space that can map to host virtual address spaces.  Generally
@@ -77,11 +77,13 @@ avoided.
 
 Use of the malloc/free/realloc/calloc/valloc/memalign/posix_memalign
 APIs is not allowed in the QEMU codebase. Instead of these routines,
-use the replacement qemu_malloc/qemu_mallocz/qemu_realloc/qemu_free or
-qemu_vmalloc/qemu_memalign/qemu_vfree APIs.
+use the GLib memory allocation routines g_malloc/g_malloc0/g_new/
+g_new0/g_realloc/g_free or QEMU's qemu_vmalloc/qemu_memalign/qemu_vfree
+APIs.
 
-Please note that NULL check for the qemu_malloc result is redundant and
-that qemu_malloc() call with zero size is not allowed.
+Please note that g_malloc will exit on allocation failure, so there
+is no need to test for failure (as you would have to with malloc).
+Calling g_malloc with a zero size is valid and will return NULL.
 
 Memory allocated by qemu_vmalloc or qemu_memalign must be freed with
 qemu_vfree, since breaking this will cause problems on Win32 and user
@@ -89,10 +91,11 @@ emulators.
 
 4. String manipulation
 
-Do not use the strncpy function.  According to the man page, it does
-*not* guarantee a NULL-terminated buffer, which makes it extremely dangerous
-to use.  Instead, use functionally equivalent function:
-void pstrcpy(char *buf, int buf_size, const char *str)
+Do not use the strncpy function.  As mentioned in the man page, it does *not*
+guarantee a NULL-terminated buffer, which makes it extremely dangerous to use.
+It also zeros trailing destination bytes out to the specified length.  Instead,
+use this similar function when possible, but note its different signature:
+void pstrcpy(char *dest, int dest_buf_size, const char *src)
 
 Don't use strcat because it can't check for buffer overflows, but:
 char *pstrcat(char *buf, int buf_size, const char *s)
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ int qemu_strnlen(const char *s, int max_len)
 There are also replacement character processing macros for isxyz and toxyz,
 so instead of e.g. isalnum you should use qemu_isalnum.
 
-Because of the memory management rules, you must use qemu_strdup/qemu_strndup
+Because of the memory management rules, you must use g_strdup/g_strndup
 instead of plain strdup/strndup.
 
 5. Printf-style functions
@@ -120,3 +123,23 @@ gcc's printf attribute directive in the prototype.
 This makes it so gcc's -Wformat and -Wformat-security options can do
 their jobs and cross-check format strings with the number and types
 of arguments.
+
+6. C standard, implementation defined and undefined behaviors
+
+C code in QEMU should be written to the C99 language specification. A copy
+of the final version of the C99 standard with corrigenda TC1, TC2, and TC3
+included, formatted as a draft, can be downloaded from:
+ http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n1256.pdf
+
+The C language specification defines regions of undefined behavior and
+implementation defined behavior (to give compiler authors enough leeway to
+produce better code).  In general, code in QEMU should follow the language
+specification and avoid both undefined and implementation defined
+constructs. ("It works fine on the gcc I tested it with" is not a valid
+argument...) However there are a few areas where we allow ourselves to
+assume certain behaviors because in practice all the platforms we care about
+behave in the same way and writing strictly conformant code would be
+painful. These are:
+ * you may assume that integers are 2s complement representation
+ * you may assume that right shift of a signed integer duplicates
+   the sign bit (ie it is an arithmetic shift, not a logical shift)