X-Git-Url: https://git.proxmox.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2FPVE%2FFirewall.pm;h=f009e58ec93f16a60c5c049bf8454d5031536855;hb=e4882cff462276e51fa511f7baa38b776afbc99d;hp=4c1586afec58bb8f91639af7a942b93914c31e06;hpb=37ef1ce1bc8b880f9fe2f9b2c43fb314d4fdba63;p=pve-firewall.git

diff --git a/src/PVE/Firewall.pm b/src/PVE/Firewall.pm
index 4c1586a..f009e58 100644
--- a/src/PVE/Firewall.pm
+++ b/src/PVE/Firewall.pm
@@ -12,12 +12,15 @@ use PVE::JSONSchema qw(register_standard_option get_standard_option);
 use PVE::Cluster;
 use PVE::ProcFSTools;
 use PVE::Tools qw($IPV4RE $IPV6RE);
+use PVE::Network;
+use PVE::SafeSyslog;
 use File::Basename;
 use File::Path;
 use IO::File;
 use Net::IP;
 use PVE::Tools qw(run_command lock_file dir_glob_foreach);
 use Encode;
+use Storable qw(dclone);
 
 my $hostfw_conf_filename = "/etc/pve/local/host.fw";
 my $pvefw_conf_dir = "/etc/pve/firewall";
@@ -49,7 +52,15 @@ our $ip_alias_pattern = '[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-\_]+';
 
 my $max_alias_name_length = 64;
 my $max_ipset_name_length = 64;
-my $max_group_name_length = 20;
+my $max_group_name_length = 18;
+
+my $PROTOCOLS_WITH_PORTS = {
+    udp => 1,     17 => 1,
+    udplite => 1, 136 => 1,
+    tcp => 1,     6 => 1,
+    dccp => 1,    33 => 1,
+    sctp => 1,    132 => 1,
+};
 
 PVE::JSONSchema::register_format('IPorCIDR', \&pve_verify_ip_or_cidr);
 sub pve_verify_ip_or_cidr {
@@ -132,6 +143,20 @@ my $log_level_hash = {
     emerg => 0,
 };
 
+# %rule
+#
+# name => optional
+# action =>
+# proto =>
+# sport =>
+# dport =>
+# log => optional, loglevel
+# logmsg => optional, logmsg - overwrites default
+# iface_in
+# iface_out
+# match => optional, overwrites generation of match
+# target => optional, overwrites action
+
 # we need to overwrite some macros for ipv6
 my $pve_ipv6fw_macros = {
     'Ping' => [
@@ -321,6 +346,10 @@ my $pve_fw_macros = {
 	{ action => 'PARAM', proto => 'tcp', dport => '465' },
 	{ action => 'PARAM', proto => 'tcp', dport => '587' },
     ],
+    'MDNS' => [
+	"Multicast DNS",
+	{ action => 'PARAM', proto => 'udp', dport => '5353' },
+    ],
     'Munin' => [
 	"Munin networked resource monitoring traffic",
 	{ action => 'PARAM', proto => 'tcp', dport => '4949' },
@@ -520,9 +549,10 @@ my $FWACCEPTMARK_ON  = "0x80000000/0x80000000";
 my $FWACCEPTMARK_OFF = "0x00000000/0x80000000";
 
 my $pve_std_chains = {};
-$pve_std_chains->{4} = {
+my $pve_std_chains_conf = {};
+$pve_std_chains_conf->{4} = {
     'PVEFW-SET-ACCEPT-MARK' => [
-	"-j MARK --set-mark $FWACCEPTMARK_ON",
+	{ target => "-j MARK --set-mark $FWACCEPTMARK_ON" },
     ],
     'PVEFW-DropBroadcast' => [
 	# same as shorewall 'Broadcast'
@@ -538,10 +568,10 @@ $pve_std_chains->{4} = {
 	{ action => 'DROP', dsttype => 'BROADCAST' },
 	{ action => 'DROP', source => '224.0.0.0/4' },
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'icmp' },
-	"-p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset",
-	"-p udp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable",
-	"-p icmp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-unreachable",
-	"-j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited",
+	{ match => '-p tcp', target => '-j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset' },
+	{ match => '-p udp', target => '-j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable' },
+	{ match => '-p icmp', target => '-j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-unreachable' },
+	{ target => '-j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited' },
     ],
     'PVEFW-Drop' => [
 	# same as shorewall 'Drop', which is equal to DROP,
@@ -554,15 +584,15 @@ $pve_std_chains->{4} = {
 	{ action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmp', dport => 'fragmentation-needed' },
 	{ action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmp', dport => 'time-exceeded' },
 	# Drop packets with INVALID state
-	"-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP",
+	{ action => 'DROP', match => '-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID', },
 	# Drop Microsoft SMB noise
-	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => '135,445', nbdport => 2 },
-	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => '137:139'},
+	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => '135,445' },
+	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => '137:139' },
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => '1024:65535', sport => 137 },
-	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'tcp', dport => '135,139,445', nbdport => 3 },
+	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'tcp', dport => '135,139,445' },
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => 1900 }, # UPnP
 	# Drop new/NotSyn traffic so that it doesn't get logged
-	"-p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j DROP",
+	{ action => 'DROP', match => '-p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN' },
 	# Drop DNS replies
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', sport => 53 },
     ],
@@ -577,119 +607,126 @@ $pve_std_chains->{4} = {
 	{ action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmp', dport => 'fragmentation-needed' },
 	{ action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmp', dport => 'time-exceeded' },
 	# Drop packets with INVALID state
-	"-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP",
+	{ action => 'DROP', match => '-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID', },
 	# Drop Microsoft SMB noise
-	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'udp', dport => '135,445', nbdport => 2 },
+	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'udp', dport => '135,445' },
 	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'udp', dport => '137:139'},
 	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'udp', dport => '1024:65535', sport => 137 },
-	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'tcp', dport => '135,139,445', nbdport => 3 },
+	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'tcp', dport => '135,139,445' },
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => 1900 }, # UPnP
 	# Drop new/NotSyn traffic so that it doesn't get logged
-	"-p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j DROP",
+	{ action => 'DROP', match => '-p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN' },
 	# Drop DNS replies
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', sport => 53 },
     ],
     'PVEFW-tcpflags' => [
 	# same as shorewall tcpflags action.
 	# Packets arriving on this interface are checked for som illegal combinations of TCP flags
-	"-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG FIN,PSH,URG -g PVEFW-logflags",
-	"-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG NONE -g PVEFW-logflags",
-	"-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN,RST -g PVEFW-logflags",
-	"-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN FIN,SYN -g PVEFW-logflags",
-	"-p tcp -m tcp --sport 0 --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -g PVEFW-logflags",
+	{ match => '-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG FIN,PSH,URG', target => '-g PVEFW-logflags' },
+	{ match => '-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG NONE', target => '-g PVEFW-logflags' },
+	{ match => '-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN,RST', target => '-g PVEFW-logflags' },
+	{ match => '-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN FIN,SYN', target => '-g PVEFW-logflags' },
+	{ match => '-p tcp -m tcp --sport 0 --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN', target => '-g PVEFW-logflags' },
     ],
     'PVEFW-smurfs' => [
 	# same as shorewall smurfs action
 	# Filter packets for smurfs (packets with a broadcast address as the source).
-	"-s 0.0.0.0/32 -j RETURN", # allow DHCP
-	"-m addrtype --src-type BROADCAST -g PVEFW-smurflog",
-	"-s 224.0.0.0/4 -g PVEFW-smurflog",
+	{ match => '-s 0.0.0.0/32', target => '-j RETURN' }, # allow DHCP
+	{ match => '-m addrtype --src-type BROADCAST', target => '-g PVEFW-smurflog' },
+	{ match => '-s 224.0.0.0/4', target => '-g PVEFW-smurflog' },
+    ],
+    'PVEFW-smurflog' => [
+	{ action => 'DROP', logmsg => 'DROP: ' },
+    ],
+    'PVEFW-logflags' => [
+	{ action => 'DROP', logmsg => 'DROP: ' },
     ],
 };
 
-$pve_std_chains->{6} = {
+$pve_std_chains_conf->{6} = {
     'PVEFW-SET-ACCEPT-MARK' => [
-        "-j MARK --set-mark $FWACCEPTMARK_ON",
+	{ target => "-j MARK --set-mark $FWACCEPTMARK_ON" },
     ],
     'PVEFW-DropBroadcast' => [
-        # same as shorewall 'Broadcast'
-        # simply DROP BROADCAST/MULTICAST/ANYCAST
-        # we can use this to reduce logging
-        #{ action => 'DROP', dsttype => 'BROADCAST' }, #no broadcast in ipv6
+	# same as shorewall 'Broadcast'
+	# simply DROP BROADCAST/MULTICAST/ANYCAST
+	# we can use this to reduce logging
+	#{ action => 'DROP', dsttype => 'BROADCAST' }, #no broadcast in ipv6
 	# ipv6 addrtype does not work with kernel 2.6.32
 	#{ action => 'DROP', dsttype => 'MULTICAST' },
-        #{ action => 'DROP', dsttype => 'ANYCAST' },
-        { action => 'DROP', dest => 'ff00::/8' },
-        #{ action => 'DROP', dest => '224.0.0.0/4' },
+	#{ action => 'DROP', dsttype => 'ANYCAST' },
+	{ action => 'DROP', dest => 'ff00::/8' },
+	#{ action => 'DROP', dest => '224.0.0.0/4' },
     ],
     'PVEFW-reject' => [
-        # same as shorewall 'reject'
-        #{ action => 'DROP', dsttype => 'BROADCAST' },
-        #{ action => 'DROP', source => '224.0.0.0/4' },
+	# same as shorewall 'reject'
+	#{ action => 'DROP', dsttype => 'BROADCAST' },
+	#{ action => 'DROP', source => '224.0.0.0/4' },
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'icmpv6' },
-        "-p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset",
-        #"-p udp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable",
-        #"-p icmp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-unreachable",
-        #"-j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited",
+	{ match => '-p tcp', target => '-j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset' },
+	#"-p udp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable",
+	#"-p icmp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-unreachable",
+	#"-j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited",
     ],
     'PVEFW-Drop' => [
-        # same as shorewall 'Drop', which is equal to DROP,
-        # but REJECT/DROP some packages to reduce logging,
-        # and ACCEPT critical ICMP types
+	# same as shorewall 'Drop', which is equal to DROP,
+	# but REJECT/DROP some packages to reduce logging,
+	# and ACCEPT critical ICMP types
 	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'tcp', dport => '43' }, # REJECT 'auth'
-        # we are not interested in BROADCAST/MULTICAST/ANYCAST
-        { action => 'PVEFW-DropBroadcast' },
-        # ACCEPT critical ICMP types
-        { action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'destination-unreachable' },
-        { action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'time-exceeded' },
-        { action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'packet-too-big' },
-
-        # Drop packets with INVALID state
-        "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP",
-        # Drop Microsoft SMB noise
-	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => '135,445', nbdport => 2 },
+	# we are not interested in BROADCAST/MULTICAST/ANYCAST
+	{ action => 'PVEFW-DropBroadcast' },
+	# ACCEPT critical ICMP types
+	{ action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'destination-unreachable' },
+	{ action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'time-exceeded' },
+	{ action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'packet-too-big' },
+	# Drop packets with INVALID state
+	{ action => 'DROP', match => '-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID', },
+	# Drop Microsoft SMB noise
+	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => '135,445' },
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => '137:139'},
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => '1024:65535', sport => 137 },
-	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'tcp', dport => '135,139,445', nbdport => 3 },
+	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'tcp', dport => '135,139,445' },
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => 1900 }, # UPnP
-        # Drop new/NotSyn traffic so that it doesn't get logged
-        "-p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j DROP",
-        # Drop DNS replies
+	# Drop new/NotSyn traffic so that it doesn't get logged
+	{ action => 'DROP', match => '-p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN' },
+	# Drop DNS replies
 	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', sport => 53 },
     ],
     'PVEFW-Reject' => [
-        # same as shorewall 'Reject', which is equal to Reject,
-        # but REJECT/DROP some packages to reduce logging,
-        # and ACCEPT critical ICMP types
-        { action => 'PVEFW-reject',  proto => 'tcp', dport => '43' }, # REJECT 'auth'
-        # we are not interested in BROADCAST/MULTICAST/ANYCAST
-        { action => 'PVEFW-DropBroadcast' },
-        # ACCEPT critical ICMP types
-        { action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'destination-unreachable' },
-        { action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'time-exceeded' },
-        { action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'packet-too-big' },
-
-        # Drop packets with INVALID state
-        "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP",
-        # Drop Microsoft SMB noise
-        { action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'udp', dport => '135,445', nbdport => 2 },
-        { action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'udp', dport => '137:139'},
-        { action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'udp', dport => '1024:65535', sport => 137 },
-        { action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'tcp', dport => '135,139,445', nbdport => 3 },
-        { action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => 1900 }, # UPnP
-        # Drop new/NotSyn traffic so that it doesn't get logged
-        "-p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j DROP",
-        # Drop DNS replies
-        { action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', sport => 53 },
+	# same as shorewall 'Reject', which is equal to Reject,
+	# but REJECT/DROP some packages to reduce logging,
+	# and ACCEPT critical ICMP types
+	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject',  proto => 'tcp', dport => '43' }, # REJECT 'auth'
+	# we are not interested in BROADCAST/MULTICAST/ANYCAST
+	{ action => 'PVEFW-DropBroadcast' },
+	# ACCEPT critical ICMP types
+	{ action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'destination-unreachable' },
+	{ action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'time-exceeded' },
+	{ action => 'ACCEPT', proto => 'icmpv6', dport => 'packet-too-big' },
+	# Drop packets with INVALID state
+	{ action => 'DROP', match => '-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID', },
+	# Drop Microsoft SMB noise
+	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'udp', dport => '135,445' },
+	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'udp', dport => '137:139' },
+	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'udp', dport => '1024:65535', sport => 137 },
+	{ action => 'PVEFW-reject', proto => 'tcp', dport => '135,139,445' },
+	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', dport => 1900 }, # UPnP
+	# Drop new/NotSyn traffic so that it doesn't get logged
+	{ action => 'DROP', match => '-p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN' },
+	# Drop DNS replies
+	{ action => 'DROP', proto => 'udp', sport => 53 },
     ],
     'PVEFW-tcpflags' => [
-        # same as shorewall tcpflags action.
-        # Packets arriving on this interface are checked for som illegal combinations of TCP flags
-        "-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG FIN,PSH,URG -g PVEFW-logflags",
-        "-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG NONE -g PVEFW-logflags",
-        "-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN,RST -g PVEFW-logflags",
-        "-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN FIN,SYN -g PVEFW-logflags",
-        "-p tcp -m tcp --sport 0 --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -g PVEFW-logflags",
+	# same as shorewall tcpflags action.
+	# Packets arriving on this interface are checked for som illegal combinations of TCP flags
+	{ match => '-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG FIN,PSH,URG', target => '-g PVEFW-logflags' },
+	{ match => '-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG NONE', target => '-g PVEFW-logflags' },
+	{ match => '-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN,RST', target => '-g PVEFW-logflags' },
+	{ match => '-p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN FIN,SYN', target => '-g PVEFW-logflags' },
+	{ match => '-p tcp -m tcp --sport 0 --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN', target => '-g PVEFW-logflags' },
+    ],
+    'PVEFW-logflags' => [
+	{ action => 'DROP', logmsg => 'DROP: ' },
     ],
 };
 
@@ -875,24 +912,6 @@ sub get_etc_protocols {
     return $etc_protocols;
 }
 
-my $ipv4_mask_hash_localnet = {
-    '255.255.0.0' => 16,
-    '255.255.128.0' => 17,
-    '255.255.192.0' => 18,
-    '255.255.224.0' => 19,
-    '255.255.240.0' => 20,
-    '255.255.248.0' => 21,
-    '255.255.252.0' => 22,
-    '255.255.254.0' => 23,
-    '255.255.255.0' => 24,
-    '255.255.255.128' => 25,
-    '255.255.255.192' => 26,
-    '255.255.255.224' => 27,
-    '255.255.255.240' => 28,
-    '255.255.255.248' => 29,
-    '255.255.255.252' => 30,
-};
-
 my $__local_network;
 
 sub local_network {
@@ -916,13 +935,17 @@ sub local_network {
 	    my $mask;
 	    if ($isv6) {
 		$mask = $entry->{prefix};
+		next if !$mask; # skip the default route...
 	    } else {
-		$mask = $ipv4_mask_hash_localnet->{$entry->{mask}};
+		$mask = $PVE::Network::ipv4_mask_hash_localnet->{$entry->{mask}};
 		next if !defined($mask);
 	    }
 	    my $cidr = "$entry->{dest}/$mask";
 	    my $testnet = Net::IP->new($cidr);
-	    if ($testnet->overlaps($testip) == $Net::IP::IP_B_IN_A_OVERLAP) {
+	    my $overlap = $testnet->overlaps($testip);
+	    if ($overlap == $Net::IP::IP_B_IN_A_OVERLAP ||
+	        $overlap == $Net::IP::IP_IDENTICAL)
+	    {
 		$__local_network = $cidr;
 		return;
 	    }
@@ -977,7 +1000,9 @@ sub parse_address_list {
     my $iprange = 0;
     my $ipversion;
 
-    foreach my $elem (split(/,/, $str)) {
+    my @elements = split(/,/, $str);
+    die "extraneous commas in list\n" if $str ne join(',', @elements);
+    foreach my $elem (@elements) {
 	$count++;
 	my $ip = Net::IP->new($elem);
 	if (!$ip) {
@@ -1006,7 +1031,9 @@ sub parse_port_name_number_or_range {
     my $count = 0;
     my $icmp_port = 0;
 
-    foreach my $item (split(/,/, $str)) {
+    my @elements = split(/,/, $str);
+    die "extraneous commas in list\n" if $str ne join(',', @elements);
+    foreach my $item (@elements) {
 	$count++;
 	if ($item =~ m/^(\d+):(\d+)$/) {
 	    my ($port1, $port2) = ($1, $2);
@@ -1257,6 +1284,7 @@ my $rule_properties = {
     },
     digest => get_standard_option('pve-config-digest'),
     type => {
+	description => "Rule type.",
 	type => 'string',
 	optional => 1,
 	enum => ['in', 'out', 'group'],
@@ -1270,6 +1298,7 @@ my $rule_properties = {
 	minLength => 2,
     },
     macro => {
+	description => "Use predefined standard macro.",
 	type => 'string',
 	optional => 1,
 	maxLength => 128,
@@ -1294,6 +1323,7 @@ my $rule_properties = {
 	optional => 1,
     },
     enable => {
+	description => "Flag to enable/disable a rule.",
         type => 'integer',
 	minimum => 0,
 	optional => 1,
@@ -1309,6 +1339,7 @@ my $rule_properties = {
 	optional => 1,
     },
     comment => {
+	description => "Descriptive comment.",
 	type => 'string',
 	optional => 1,
     },
@@ -1511,15 +1542,22 @@ sub verify_rule {
     if ($rule->{dport}) {
 	eval { parse_port_name_number_or_range($rule->{dport}, 1); };
 	&$add_error('dport', $@) if $@;
+	my $proto = $rule->{proto};
 	&$add_error('proto', "missing property - 'dport' requires this property")
-	    if !$rule->{proto};
+	    if !$proto;
+	&$add_error('dport', "protocol '$proto' does not support ports")
+	    if !$PROTOCOLS_WITH_PORTS->{$proto} &&
+		$proto ne 'icmp' && $proto ne 'icmpv6'; # special cases
     }
 
     if ($rule->{sport}) {
 	eval { parse_port_name_number_or_range($rule->{sport}, 0); };
 	&$add_error('sport', $@) if $@;
+	my $proto = $rule->{proto};
 	&$add_error('proto', "missing property - 'sport' requires this property")
-	    if !$rule->{proto};
+	    if !$proto;
+	&$add_error('sport', "protocol '$proto' does not support ports")
+	    if !$PROTOCOLS_WITH_PORTS->{$proto};
     }
 
     if ($rule->{source}) {
@@ -1633,8 +1671,6 @@ sub enable_bridge_firewall {
     $bridge_firewall_enabled = 1;
 }
 
-my $rule_format = "%-15s %-30s %-30s %-15s %-15s %-15s\n";
-
 sub iptables_restore_cmdlist {
     my ($cmdlist) = @_;
 
@@ -1763,12 +1799,14 @@ sub ipset_get_chains {
     return $res;
 }
 
-sub ruleset_generate_cmdstr {
+sub ruleset_generate_match {
     my ($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $rule, $actions, $goto, $cluster_conf, $fw_conf) = @_;
 
     return if defined($rule->{enable}) && !$rule->{enable};
     return if $rule->{errors};
 
+    return $rule->{match} if defined $rule->{match};
+
     die "unable to emit macro - internal error" if $rule->{macro}; # should not happen
 
     my $nbdport = defined($rule->{dport}) ? parse_port_name_number_or_range($rule->{dport}, 1) : 0;
@@ -1840,8 +1878,8 @@ sub ruleset_generate_cmdstr {
         }
     }
 
-    if ($rule->{proto}) {
-	push @cmd, "-p $rule->{proto}";
+    if (my $proto = $rule->{proto}) {
+	push @cmd, "-p $proto";
 
 	my $multiport = 0;
 	$multiport++ if $nbdport > 1;
@@ -1853,16 +1891,18 @@ sub ruleset_generate_cmdstr {
 	    if ($multiport == 2) && ($rule->{dport} ne $rule->{sport});
 
 	if ($rule->{dport}) {
-	    if ($rule->{proto} && $rule->{proto} eq 'icmp') {
+	    if ($proto eq 'icmp') {
 		# Note: we use dport to store --icmp-type
 		die "unknown icmp-type '$rule->{dport}'\n"
 		    if $rule->{dport} !~ /^\d+$/ && !defined($icmp_type_names->{$rule->{dport}});
 		push @cmd, "-m icmp --icmp-type $rule->{dport}";
-	    } elsif ($rule->{proto} && $rule->{proto} eq 'icmpv6') {
+	    } elsif ($proto eq 'icmpv6') {
 		# Note: we use dport to store --icmpv6-type
 		die "unknown icmpv6-type '$rule->{dport}'\n"
 		    if $rule->{dport} !~ /^\d+$/ && !defined($icmpv6_type_names->{$rule->{dport}});
 		push @cmd, "-m icmpv6 --icmpv6-type $rule->{dport}";
+	    } elsif (!$PROTOCOLS_WITH_PORTS->{$proto}) {
+		die "protocol $proto does not have ports\n";
 	    } else {
 		if ($nbdport > 1) {
 		    if ($multiport == 2) {
@@ -1877,6 +1917,8 @@ sub ruleset_generate_cmdstr {
 	}
 
 	if ($rule->{sport}) {
+	    die "protocol $proto does not have ports\n"
+		 if !$PROTOCOLS_WITH_PORTS->{$proto};
 	    if ($nbsport > 1) {
 		push @cmd, "--sports $rule->{sport}" if $multiport != 2;
 	    } else {
@@ -1890,6 +1932,16 @@ sub ruleset_generate_cmdstr {
 
     push @cmd, "-m addrtype --dst-type $rule->{dsttype}" if $rule->{dsttype};
 
+    return scalar(@cmd) ? join(' ', @cmd) : undef;
+}
+
+sub ruleset_generate_action {
+    my ($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $rule, $actions, $goto, $cluster_conf, $fw_conf) = @_;
+
+    return $rule->{target} if defined $rule->{target};
+
+    my @cmd = ();
+
     if (my $action = $rule->{action}) {
 	$action = $actions->{$action} if defined($actions->{$action});
 	$goto = 1 if !defined($goto) && $action eq 'PVEFW-SET-ACCEPT-MARK';
@@ -1899,6 +1951,17 @@ sub ruleset_generate_cmdstr {
     return scalar(@cmd) ? join(' ', @cmd) : undef;
 }
 
+sub ruleset_generate_cmdstr {
+    my ($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $rule, $actions, $goto, $cluster_conf, $fw_conf) = @_;
+    my $match = ruleset_generate_match($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $rule, $actions, $goto, $cluster_conf, $fw_conf);
+    my $action = ruleset_generate_action($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $rule, $actions, $goto, $cluster_conf, $fw_conf);
+
+    return undef if !(defined($match) or defined($action));
+    my $ret = defined($match) ? $match : "";
+    $ret = "$ret $action" if defined($action);
+    return $ret;
+}
+
 sub ruleset_generate_rule {
     my ($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $rule, $actions, $goto, $cluster_conf, $fw_conf) = @_;
 
@@ -1912,15 +1975,24 @@ sub ruleset_generate_rule {
 
     # update all or nothing
 
-    my @cmds = ();
+    # fixme: lots of temporary ugliness
+    my @mstrs = ();
+    my @astrs = ();
+    my @logging = ();
+    my @logmsg = ();
     foreach my $tmp (@$rules) {
-	if (my $cmdstr = ruleset_generate_cmdstr($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $tmp, $actions, $goto, $cluster_conf, $fw_conf)) {
-	    push @cmds, $cmdstr;
+	my $m = ruleset_generate_match($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $tmp, $actions, $goto, $cluster_conf, $fw_conf);
+	my $a = ruleset_generate_action($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $tmp, $actions, $goto, $cluster_conf, $fw_conf);
+	if (defined $m or defined $a) {
+	    push @mstrs, defined($m) ? $m : "";
+	    push @astrs, defined($a) ? $a : "";
+	    push @logging, $tmp->{log};
+	    push @logmsg, $tmp->{logmsg};
 	}
     }
 
-    foreach my $cmdstr (@cmds) {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, $cmdstr);
+    for my $i (0 .. $#mstrs) {
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, $mstrs[$i], $astrs[$i], $logging[$i], $logmsg[$i]);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1929,8 +2001,10 @@ sub ruleset_generate_rule_insert {
 
     die "implement me" if $rule->{macro}; # not implemented, because not needed so far
 
-    if (my $cmdstr = ruleset_generate_cmdstr($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $rule, $actions, $goto)) {
-	ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, $chain, $cmdstr);
+    my $match = ruleset_generate_match($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $rule, $actions, $goto);
+    my $action = ruleset_generate_action($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $rule, $actions, $goto);
+    if (defined $match && defined $action) {
+	ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, $chain, $match, $action);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1952,46 +2026,37 @@ sub ruleset_chain_exist {
 }
 
 sub ruleset_addrule {
-   my ($ruleset, $chain, $rule) = @_;
+   my ($ruleset, $chain, $match, $action, $log, $logmsg, $vmid) = @_;
 
    die "no such chain '$chain'\n" if !$ruleset->{$chain};
 
-   push @{$ruleset->{$chain}}, "-A $chain $rule";
+   if (defined($log) && $log) {
+	my $logaction = get_log_rule_base($chain, $vmid, $logmsg, $log);
+	push @{$ruleset->{$chain}}, "-A $chain $match $logaction";
+   }
+   push @{$ruleset->{$chain}}, "-A $chain $match $action";
 }
 
 sub ruleset_insertrule {
-   my ($ruleset, $chain, $rule) = @_;
+   my ($ruleset, $chain, $match, $action, $log) = @_;
 
    die "no such chain '$chain'\n" if !$ruleset->{$chain};
 
-   unshift @{$ruleset->{$chain}}, "-A $chain $rule";
+   unshift @{$ruleset->{$chain}}, "-A $chain $match $action";
 }
 
 sub get_log_rule_base {
     my ($chain, $vmid, $msg, $loglevel) = @_;
 
-    die "internal error - no log level" if !defined($loglevel);
-
     $vmid = 0 if !defined($vmid);
+    $msg = "" if !defined($msg);
 
     # Note: we use special format for prefix to pass further
-    # info to log daemon (VMID, LOGVELEL and CHAIN)
+    # info to log daemon (VMID, LOGLEVEL and CHAIN)
 
     return "-j NFLOG --nflog-prefix \":$vmid:$loglevel:$chain: $msg\"";
 }
 
-sub ruleset_addlog {
-    my ($ruleset, $chain, $vmid, $msg, $loglevel, $rule) = @_;
-
-    return if !defined($loglevel);
-
-    my $logrule = get_log_rule_base($chain, $vmid, $msg, $loglevel);
-
-    $logrule = "$rule $logrule" if defined($rule);
-
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, $logrule);
-}
-
 sub ruleset_add_chain_policy {
     my ($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $vmid, $policy, $loglevel, $accept_action) = @_;
 
@@ -2002,17 +2067,13 @@ sub ruleset_add_chain_policy {
 
     } elsif ($policy eq 'DROP') {
 
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-j PVEFW-Drop");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "", "-j PVEFW-Drop");
 
-	ruleset_addlog($ruleset, $chain, $vmid, "policy $policy: ", $loglevel);
-
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-j DROP");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "", "-j DROP", $loglevel, "policy $policy: ", $vmid);
     } elsif ($policy eq 'REJECT') {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-j PVEFW-Reject");
-
-	ruleset_addlog($ruleset, $chain, $vmid, "policy $policy: ", $loglevel);
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "", "-j PVEFW-Reject");
 
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-g PVEFW-reject");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "", "-g PVEFW-reject", $loglevel, "policy $policy:", $vmid);
     } else {
 	# should not happen
 	die "internal error: unknown policy '$policy'";
@@ -2023,19 +2084,19 @@ sub ruleset_chain_add_ndp {
     my ($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $options, $direction, $accept) = @_;
     return if $ipversion != 6 || (defined($options->{ndp}) && !$options->{ndp});
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-solicitation $accept");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-solicitation", $accept);
     if ($direction ne 'OUT' || $options->{radv}) {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-advertisement $accept");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-advertisement", $accept);
     }
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbor-solicitation $accept");
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbor-advertisement $accept");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbor-solicitation", $accept);
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbor-advertisement", $accept);
 }
 
 sub ruleset_chain_add_conn_filters {
     my ($ruleset, $chain, $accept) = @_;
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP");
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j $accept");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID", "-j DROP");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-j $accept");
 }
 
 sub ruleset_chain_add_input_filters {
@@ -2044,21 +2105,20 @@ sub ruleset_chain_add_input_filters {
     if ($cluster_conf->{ipset}->{blacklist}){
 	if (!ruleset_chain_exist($ruleset, "PVEFW-blacklist")) {
 	    ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "PVEFW-blacklist");
-	    ruleset_addlog($ruleset, "PVEFW-blacklist", 0, "DROP: ", $loglevel) if $loglevel;
-	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-blacklist", "-j DROP");
+	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-blacklist", "", "-j DROP", $loglevel, "DROP: ");
 	}
 	my $ipset_chain = compute_ipset_chain_name(0, 'blacklist', $ipversion);
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m set --match-set ${ipset_chain} src -j PVEFW-blacklist");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m set --match-set ${ipset_chain} src", "-j PVEFW-blacklist");
     }
 
     if (!(defined($options->{nosmurfs}) && $options->{nosmurfs} == 0)) {
 	if ($ipversion == 4) {
-	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID,NEW -j PVEFW-smurfs");
+	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID,NEW", "-j PVEFW-smurfs");
 	}
     }
 
     if ($options->{tcpflags}) {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p tcp -j PVEFW-tcpflags");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p tcp", "-j PVEFW-tcpflags");
     }
 }
 
@@ -2095,15 +2155,15 @@ sub ruleset_create_vm_chain {
 
     if ($direction eq 'OUT') {
 	if (defined($macaddr) && !(defined($options->{macfilter}) && $options->{macfilter} == 0)) {
-	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m mac ! --mac-source $macaddr -j DROP");
+	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m mac ! --mac-source $macaddr", "-j DROP");
 	}
 	if ($ipversion == 6 && !$options->{radv}) {
-	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, '-p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-advertisement -j DROP');
+	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-advertisement", "-j DROP");
 	}
 	if ($ipfilter_ipset) {
-	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m set ! --match-set $ipfilter_ipset src -j DROP");
+	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m set ! --match-set $ipfilter_ipset src", "-j DROP");
 	}
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-j MARK --set-mark $FWACCEPTMARK_OFF"); # clear mark
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "", "-j MARK --set-mark $FWACCEPTMARK_OFF"); # clear mark
     }
 
     my $accept_action = $direction eq 'OUT' ? '-g PVEFW-SET-ACCEPT-MARK' : "-j $accept";
@@ -2120,14 +2180,14 @@ sub ruleset_add_group_rule {
     }
 
     if ($direction eq 'OUT' && $rule->{iface_out}) {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-o $rule->{iface_out} -j $group_chain");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-o $rule->{iface_out}", "-j $group_chain");
     } elsif ($direction eq 'IN' && $rule->{iface_in}) {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-i $rule->{iface_in} -j $group_chain");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-i $rule->{iface_in}", "-j $group_chain");
     } else {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-j $group_chain");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "", "-j $group_chain");
     }
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m mark --mark $FWACCEPTMARK_ON -j $action");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m mark --mark $FWACCEPTMARK_ON", "-j $action");
 }
 
 sub ruleset_generate_vm_rules {
@@ -2192,7 +2252,7 @@ sub ruleset_generate_vm_ipsrules {
 	    ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "PVEFW-IPS");
 	}
 
-        ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-IPS", "-m physdev --physdev-out $iface --physdev-is-bridged -j $nfqueue");
+        ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-IPS", "-m physdev --physdev-out $iface --physdev-is-bridged", "-j $nfqueue");
     }
 }
 
@@ -2240,10 +2300,10 @@ sub generate_tap_rules_direction {
     # plug the tap chain to bridge chain
     if ($direction eq 'IN') {
 	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FWBR-IN",
-			"-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-out $iface -j $tapchain");
+			"-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-out $iface", "-j $tapchain");
     } else {
 	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FWBR-OUT",
-			"-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-in $iface -j $tapchain");
+			"-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-in $iface", "-j $tapchain");
     }
 }
 
@@ -2261,7 +2321,7 @@ sub enable_host_firewall {
 
     my $loglevel = get_option_log_level($options, "log_level_in");
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-i lo -j ACCEPT");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-i lo", "-j ACCEPT");
 
     ruleset_chain_add_conn_filters($ruleset, $chain, 'ACCEPT');
     ruleset_chain_add_ndp($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $options, 'IN', '-j RETURN');
@@ -2270,7 +2330,7 @@ sub enable_host_firewall {
     # we use RETURN because we need to check also tap rules
     my $accept_action = 'RETURN';
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p igmp -j $accept_action"); # important for multicast
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p igmp", "-j $accept_action"); # important for multicast
 
     # add host rules first, so that cluster wide rules can be overwritten
     foreach my $rule (@$rules, @$cluster_rules) {
@@ -2295,19 +2355,19 @@ sub enable_host_firewall {
     # allow standard traffic for management ipset (includes cluster network)
     my $mngmnt_ipset_chain = compute_ipset_chain_name(0, "management", $ipversion);
     my $mngmntsrc = "-m set --match-set ${mngmnt_ipset_chain} src";
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "$mngmntsrc -p tcp --dport 8006 -j $accept_action");  # PVE API
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "$mngmntsrc -p tcp --dport 5900:5999 -j $accept_action");  # PVE VNC Console
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "$mngmntsrc -p tcp --dport 3128 -j $accept_action");  # SPICE Proxy
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "$mngmntsrc -p tcp --dport 22 -j $accept_action");  # SSH
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "$mngmntsrc -p tcp --dport 8006", "-j $accept_action");  # PVE API
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "$mngmntsrc -p tcp --dport 5900:5999", "-j $accept_action");  # PVE VNC Console
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "$mngmntsrc -p tcp --dport 3128", "-j $accept_action");  # SPICE Proxy
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "$mngmntsrc -p tcp --dport 22", "-j $accept_action");  # SSH
 
     my $localnet = $cluster_conf->{aliases}->{local_network}->{cidr};
     my $localnet_ver = $cluster_conf->{aliases}->{local_network}->{ipversion};
 
     # corosync
     if ($localnet && ($ipversion == $localnet_ver)) {
-	my $corosync_rule = "-p udp --dport 5404:5405 -j $accept_action";
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-s $localnet -d $localnet $corosync_rule");
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-s $localnet -m addrtype --dst-type MULTICAST $corosync_rule");
+	my $corosync_rule = "-p udp --dport 5404:5405";
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-s $localnet -d $localnet $corosync_rule", "-j $accept_action");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-s $localnet -m addrtype --dst-type MULTICAST $corosync_rule", "-j $accept_action");
     }
 
     # implement input policy
@@ -2320,7 +2380,7 @@ sub enable_host_firewall {
 
     $loglevel = get_option_log_level($options, "log_level_out");
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-o lo -j ACCEPT");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-o lo", "-j ACCEPT");
 
     ruleset_chain_add_conn_filters($ruleset, $chain, 'ACCEPT');
 
@@ -2328,7 +2388,7 @@ sub enable_host_firewall {
     $accept_action = 'RETURN';
     ruleset_chain_add_ndp($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $options, 'OUT', "-j $accept_action");
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p igmp -j $accept_action"); # important for multicast
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p igmp", "-j $accept_action"); # important for multicast
 
     # add host rules first, so that cluster wide rules can be overwritten
     foreach my $rule (@$rules, @$cluster_rules) {
@@ -2351,22 +2411,22 @@ sub enable_host_firewall {
 
     # allow standard traffic on cluster network
     if ($localnet && ($ipversion == $localnet_ver)) {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-d $localnet -p tcp --dport 8006 -j $accept_action");  # PVE API
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-d $localnet -p tcp --dport 22 -j $accept_action");  # SSH
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-d $localnet -p tcp --dport 5900:5999 -j $accept_action");  # PVE VNC Console
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-d $localnet -p tcp --dport 3128 -j $accept_action");  # SPICE Proxy
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-d $localnet -p tcp --dport 8006", "-j $accept_action");  # PVE API
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-d $localnet -p tcp --dport 22", "-j $accept_action");  # SSH
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-d $localnet -p tcp --dport 5900:5999", "-j $accept_action");  # PVE VNC Console
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-d $localnet -p tcp --dport 3128", "-j $accept_action");  # SPICE Proxy
 
-	my $corosync_rule = "-p udp --dport 5404:5405 -j $accept_action";
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-d $localnet $corosync_rule");
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m addrtype --dst-type MULTICAST $corosync_rule");
+	my $corosync_rule = "-p udp --dport 5404:5405";
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-d $localnet $corosync_rule", "-j $accept_action");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m addrtype --dst-type MULTICAST $corosync_rule", "-j $accept_action");
     }
 
     # implement output policy
     $policy = $cluster_options->{policy_out} || 'ACCEPT'; # allow everything by default
     ruleset_add_chain_policy($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, 0, $policy, $loglevel, $accept_action);
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-OUTPUT", "-j PVEFW-HOST-OUT");
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-INPUT", "-j PVEFW-HOST-IN");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-OUTPUT", "", "-j PVEFW-HOST-OUT");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-INPUT", "", "-j PVEFW-HOST-IN");
 }
 
 sub generate_group_rules {
@@ -2382,7 +2442,7 @@ sub generate_group_rules {
     my $chain = "GROUP-${group}-IN";
 
     ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, $chain);
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-j MARK --set-mark $FWACCEPTMARK_OFF"); # clear mark
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "", "-j MARK --set-mark $FWACCEPTMARK_OFF"); # clear mark
 
     foreach my $rule (@$rules) {
 	next if $rule->{type} ne 'in';
@@ -2395,7 +2455,7 @@ sub generate_group_rules {
     $chain = "GROUP-${group}-OUT";
 
     ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, $chain);
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-j MARK --set-mark $FWACCEPTMARK_OFF"); # clear mark
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "", "-j MARK --set-mark $FWACCEPTMARK_OFF"); # clear mark
 
     foreach my $rule (@$rules) {
 	next if $rule->{type} ne 'out';
@@ -2488,10 +2548,14 @@ sub parse_fw_rule {
     die "unable to parse rule parameters: $line\n" if length($line);
 
     $rule = verify_rule($rule, $cluster_conf, $fw_conf, $rule_env, 1);
-    if ($verbose && $rule->{errors}) {
-	warn "$prefix - errors in rule parameters: $orig_line\n";
+    if ($rule->{errors}) {
+	# The verbose flag really means we're running from the CLI and want
+	# output on the console - in the other case we really want such errors
+	# to go into the syslog instead.
+	my $log = $verbose ? sub { warn @_ } : sub { syslog(err => @_) };
+	$log->("$prefix - errors in rule parameters: $orig_line\n");
 	foreach my $p (keys %{$rule->{errors}}) {
-	    warn "  $p: $rule->{errors}->{$p}\n";
+	    $log->("  $p: $rule->{errors}->{$p}\n");
 	}
     }
 
@@ -2759,6 +2823,10 @@ sub generic_fw_config_parser {
 		$errors->{cidr} = $err;
 	    }
 
+	    if ($cidr =~ m!/0+$!) {
+		$errors->{cidr} = "a zero prefix is not allowed in ipset entries\n";
+	    }
+
 	    my $entry = { cidr => $cidr };
 	    $entry->{nomatch} = 1 if $nomatch;
 	    $entry->{comment} = $comment if $comment;
@@ -3083,26 +3151,21 @@ sub generate_std_chains {
     my $std_chains = $pve_std_chains->{$ipversion} || die "internal error";
 
     my $loglevel = get_option_log_level($options, 'smurf_log_level');
-
-    my $chain;
-
-    if ($ipversion == 4) {
-	# same as shorewall smurflog.
-	$chain = 'PVEFW-smurflog';
-	$std_chains->{$chain} = [];
-	
-	push @{$std_chains->{$chain}}, get_log_rule_base($chain, 0, "DROP: ", $loglevel) if $loglevel;
-	push @{$std_chains->{$chain}}, "-j DROP";
+    my $chain = 'PVEFW-smurflog';
+    if ( $std_chains->{$chain} ) {
+	foreach my $r (@{$std_chains->{$chain}}) {
+	  $r->{log} = $loglevel;
+	}
     }
 
     # same as shorewall logflags action.
     $loglevel = get_option_log_level($options, 'tcp_flags_log_level');
     $chain = 'PVEFW-logflags';
-    $std_chains->{$chain} = [];
-
-    # fixme: is this correctly logged by pvewf-logger? (ther is no --log-ip-options for NFLOG)
-    push @{$std_chains->{$chain}}, get_log_rule_base($chain, 0, "DROP: ", $loglevel) if $loglevel;
-    push @{$std_chains->{$chain}}, "-j DROP";
+    if ( $std_chains->{$chain} ) {
+	foreach my $r (@{$std_chains->{$chain}}) {
+	  $r->{log} = $loglevel;
+	}
+    }
 
     foreach my $chain (keys %$std_chains) {
 	ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, $chain);
@@ -3110,7 +3173,7 @@ sub generate_std_chains {
 	    if (ref($rule)) {
 		ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, $chain, $ipversion, $rule);
 	    } else {
-		ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, $rule);
+		die "rule $rule as string - should not happen";
 	    }
 	}
     }
@@ -3293,6 +3356,9 @@ sub compile {
 
     my $vmfw_configs;
 
+    # fixme: once we read standard chains from config this needs to be put in test/standard cases below
+    $pve_std_chains = dclone($pve_std_chains_conf);
+
     if ($vmdata) { # test mode
 	my $testdir = $vmdata->{testdir} || die "no test directory specified";
 	my $filename = "$testdir/cluster.fw";
@@ -3353,10 +3419,10 @@ sub compile_iptables_filter {
     ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "PVEFW-FWBR-IN");
     ruleset_chain_add_input_filters($ruleset, "PVEFW-FWBR-IN", $ipversion, $hostfw_options, $cluster_conf, $loglevel);
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-in fwln+ -j PVEFW-FWBR-IN");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-in fwln+", "-j PVEFW-FWBR-IN");
 
     ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "PVEFW-FWBR-OUT");
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-out fwln+ -j PVEFW-FWBR-OUT");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-out fwln+", "-j PVEFW-FWBR-OUT");
 
     generate_std_chains($ruleset, $hostfw_options, $ipversion);
 
@@ -3368,13 +3434,13 @@ sub compile_iptables_filter {
     }
 
     # generate firewall rules for QEMU VMs
-    foreach my $vmid (keys %{$vmdata->{qemu}}) {
+    foreach my $vmid (sort keys %{$vmdata->{qemu}}) {
 	eval {
 	    my $conf = $vmdata->{qemu}->{$vmid};
 	    my $vmfw_conf = $vmfw_configs->{$vmid};
 	    return if !$vmfw_conf;
 
-	    foreach my $netid (keys %$conf) {
+	    foreach my $netid (sort keys %$conf) {
 		next if $netid !~ m/^net(\d+)$/;
 		my $net = PVE::QemuServer::parse_net($conf->{$netid});
 		next if !$net->{firewall};
@@ -3391,14 +3457,14 @@ sub compile_iptables_filter {
     }
 
     # generate firewall rules for LXC containers
-    foreach my $vmid (keys %{$vmdata->{lxc}}) {
+    foreach my $vmid (sort keys %{$vmdata->{lxc}}) {
         eval {
             my $conf = $vmdata->{lxc}->{$vmid};
             my $vmfw_conf = $vmfw_configs->{$vmid};
             return if !$vmfw_conf;
 
             if ($vmfw_conf->{options}->{enable}) {
-		foreach my $netid (keys %$conf) {
+		foreach my $netid (sort keys %$conf) {
                     next if $netid !~ m/^net(\d+)$/;
                     my $net = PVE::LXC::Config->parse_lxc_network($conf->{$netid});
                     next if !$net->{firewall};
@@ -3415,7 +3481,7 @@ sub compile_iptables_filter {
     }
 
     if(ruleset_chain_exist($ruleset, "PVEFW-IPS")){
-	ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j PVEFW-IPS");
+	ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-j PVEFW-IPS");
     }
 
     return $ruleset;