BaseTools/Capsule: Support capsules without a payload header

[mirror_edk2.git] / BaseTools / Source / Python / Capsule / GenerateCapsule.py

## @file\r
# Generate a capsule.\r
#\r
# This tool generates a UEFI Capsule around an FMP Capsule.  The capsule payload\r
# be signed using signtool or OpenSSL and if it is signed the signed content\r
# includes an FMP Payload Header.\r
#\r
# This tool is intended to be used to generate UEFI Capsules to update the\r
# system firmware or device firmware for integrated devices.  In order to\r
# keep the tool as simple as possible, it has the following limitations:\r
#   * Do not support multiple payloads in a capsule.\r
#   * Do not support optional drivers in a capsule.\r
#   * Do not support vendor code bytes in a capsule.\r
#\r
# Copyright (c) 2018, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>\r
# This program and the accompanying materials\r
# are licensed and made available under the terms and conditions of the BSD License\r
# which accompanies this distribution.  The full text of the license may be found at\r
# http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php\r
#\r
# THE PROGRAM IS DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE BSD LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,\r
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.\r
#\r
\r
'''\r
GenerateCapsule\r
'''\r
\r
import sys\r
import argparse\r
import uuid\r
import struct\r
import subprocess\r
import os\r
import tempfile\r
import shutil\r
import platform\r
from Common.Uefi.Capsule.UefiCapsuleHeader import UefiCapsuleHeaderClass\r
from Common.Uefi.Capsule.FmpCapsuleHeader  import FmpCapsuleHeaderClass\r
from Common.Uefi.Capsule.FmpAuthHeader     import FmpAuthHeaderClass\r
from Common.Edk2.Capsule.FmpPayloadHeader  import FmpPayloadHeaderClass\r
\r
#\r
# Globals for help information\r
#\r
__prog__        = 'GenerateCapsule'\r
__version__     = '0.9'\r
__copyright__   = 'Copyright (c) 2018, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.'\r
__description__ = 'Generate a capsule.\n'\r
\r
def SignPayloadSignTool (Payload, ToolPath, PfxFile):\r
    #\r
    # Create a temporary directory\r
    #\r
    TempDirectoryName = tempfile.mkdtemp()\r
\r
    #\r
    # Generate temp file name for the payload contents\r
    #\r
    TempFileName = os.path.join (TempDirectoryName, 'Payload.bin')\r
\r
    #\r
    # Create temporary payload file for signing\r
    #\r
    try:\r
        File = open (TempFileName, mode='wb')\r
        File.write (Payload)\r
        File.close ()\r
    except:\r
        shutil.rmtree (TempDirectoryName)\r
        raise ValueError ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not write temporary payload file.')\r
\r
    #\r
    # Build signtool command\r
    #\r
    if ToolPath is None:\r
        ToolPath = ''\r
    Command = ''\r
    Command = Command + '"{Path}" '.format (Path = os.path.join (ToolPath, 'signtool.exe'))\r
    Command = Command + 'sign /fd sha256 /p7ce DetachedSignedData /p7co 1.2.840.113549.1.7.2 '\r
    Command = Command + '/p7 {TempDir} '.format (TempDir = TempDirectoryName)\r
    Command = Command + '/f {PfxFile} '.format (PfxFile = PfxFile)\r
    Command = Command + TempFileName\r
\r
    #\r
    # Sign the input file using the specified private key\r
    #\r
    try:\r
        Process = subprocess.Popen (Command, stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE, shell = True)\r
        Result = Process.communicate('')\r
    except:\r
        shutil.rmtree (TempDirectoryName)\r
        raise ValueError ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not run signtool.')\r
\r
    if Process.returncode != 0:\r
        shutil.rmtree (TempDirectoryName)\r
        print (Result[1].decode())\r
        raise ValueError ('GenerateCapsule: error: signtool failed.')\r
\r
    #\r
    # Read the signature from the generated output file\r
    #\r
    try:\r
        File = open (TempFileName + '.p7', mode='rb')\r
        Signature = File.read ()\r
        File.close ()\r
    except:\r
        shutil.rmtree (TempDirectoryName)\r
        raise ValueError ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not read signature file.')\r
\r
    shutil.rmtree (TempDirectoryName)\r
    return Signature\r
\r
def VerifyPayloadSignTool (Payload, CertData, ToolPath, PfxFile):\r
    print ('signtool verify is not supported.')\r
    raise ValueError ('GenerateCapsule: error: signtool verify is not supported.')\r
\r
def SignPayloadOpenSsl (Payload, ToolPath, SignerPrivateCertFile, OtherPublicCertFile, TrustedPublicCertFile):\r
    #\r
    # Build openssl command\r
    #\r
    if ToolPath is None:\r
        ToolPath = ''\r
    Command = ''\r
    Command = Command + '"{Path}" '.format (Path = os.path.join (ToolPath, 'openssl'))\r
    Command = Command + 'smime -sign -binary -outform DER -md sha256 '\r
    Command = Command + '-signer "{Private}" -certfile "{Public}"'.format (Private = SignerPrivateCertFile, Public = OtherPublicCertFile)\r
\r
    #\r
    # Sign the input file using the specified private key and capture signature from STDOUT\r
    #\r
    try:\r
        Process = subprocess.Popen (Command, stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE, shell = True)\r
        Result = Process.communicate(input = Payload)\r
        Signature = Result[0]\r
    except:\r
        raise ValueError ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not run openssl.')\r
\r
    if Process.returncode != 0:\r
        print (Result[1].decode())\r
        raise ValueError ('GenerateCapsule: error: openssl failed.')\r
\r
    return Signature\r
\r
def VerifyPayloadOpenSsl (Payload, CertData, ToolPath, SignerPrivateCertFile, OtherPublicCertFile, TrustedPublicCertFile):\r
    #\r
    # Create a temporary directory\r
    #\r
    TempDirectoryName = tempfile.mkdtemp()\r
\r
    #\r
    # Generate temp file name for the payload contents\r
    #\r
    TempFileName = os.path.join (TempDirectoryName, 'Payload.bin')\r
\r
    #\r
    # Create temporary payload file for verification\r
    #\r
    try:\r
        File = open (TempFileName, mode='wb')\r
        File.write (Payload)\r
        File.close ()\r
    except:\r
        shutil.rmtree (TempDirectoryName)\r
        raise ValueError ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not write temporary payload file.')\r
\r
    #\r
    # Build openssl command\r
    #\r
    if ToolPath is None:\r
        ToolPath = ''\r
    Command = ''\r
    Command = Command + '"{Path}" '.format (Path = os.path.join (ToolPath, 'openssl'))\r
    Command = Command + 'smime -verify -inform DER '\r
    Command = Command + '-content {Content} -CAfile "{Public}"'.format (Content = TempFileName, Public = TrustedPublicCertFile)\r
\r
    #\r
    # Verify signature\r
    #\r
    try:\r
        Process = subprocess.Popen (Command, stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE, shell = True)\r
        Result = Process.communicate(input = CertData)\r
    except:\r
        shutil.rmtree (TempDirectoryName)\r
        raise ValueError ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not run openssl.')\r
\r
    if Process.returncode != 0:\r
        shutil.rmtree (TempDirectoryName)\r
        print (Result[1].decode())\r
        raise ValueError ('GenerateCapsule: error: openssl failed.')\r
\r
    shutil.rmtree (TempDirectoryName)\r
    return Payload\r
\r
if __name__ == '__main__':\r
    def convert_arg_line_to_args(arg_line):\r
        for arg in arg_line.split():\r
            if not arg.strip():\r
                continue\r
            yield arg\r
\r
    def ValidateUnsignedInteger (Argument):\r
        try:\r
            Value = int (Argument, 0)\r
        except:\r
            Message = '{Argument} is not a valid integer value.'.format (Argument = Argument)\r
            raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError (Message)\r
        if Value < 0:\r
            Message = '{Argument} is a negative value.'.format (Argument = Argument)\r
            raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError (Message)\r
        return Value\r
\r
    def ValidateRegistryFormatGuid (Argument):\r
        try:\r
            Value = uuid.UUID (Argument)\r
        except:\r
            Message = '{Argument} is not a valid registry format GUID value.'.format (Argument = Argument)\r
            raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError (Message)\r
        return Value\r
\r
    #\r
    # Create command line argument parser object\r
    #\r
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser (\r
                        prog = __prog__,\r
                        description = __description__ + __copyright__,\r
                        conflict_handler = 'resolve',\r
                        fromfile_prefix_chars = '@'\r
                        )\r
    parser.convert_arg_line_to_args = convert_arg_line_to_args\r
\r
    #\r
    # Add input and output file arguments\r
    #\r
    parser.add_argument("InputFile",  type = argparse.FileType('rb'),\r
                        help = "Input binary payload filename.")\r
    parser.add_argument("-o", "--output", dest = 'OutputFile', type = argparse.FileType('wb'),\r
                        help = "Output filename.")\r
    #\r
    # Add group for -e and -d flags that are mutually exclusive and required\r
    #\r
    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group (required = True)\r
    group.add_argument ("-e", "--encode", dest = 'Encode', action = "store_true",\r
                        help = "Encode file")\r
    group.add_argument ("-d", "--decode", dest = 'Decode', action = "store_true",\r
                        help = "Decode file")\r
    group.add_argument ("--dump-info", dest = 'DumpInfo', action = "store_true",\r
                        help = "Display FMP Payload Header information")\r
    #\r
    # Add optional arguments for this command\r
    #\r
    parser.add_argument ("--capflag", dest = 'CapsuleFlag', action='append', default = [],\r
                         choices=['PersistAcrossReset', 'InitiateReset'],\r
                         help = "Capsule flag can be PersistAcrossReset or InitiateReset or not set")\r
    parser.add_argument ("--capoemflag", dest = 'CapsuleOemFlag', type = ValidateUnsignedInteger, default = 0x0000,\r
                         help = "Capsule OEM Flag is an integer between 0x0000 and 0xffff.")\r
\r
    parser.add_argument ("--guid", dest = 'Guid', type = ValidateRegistryFormatGuid,\r
                         help = "The FMP/ESRT GUID in registry format.  Required for encode operations.")\r
    parser.add_argument ("--hardware-instance", dest = 'HardwareInstance', type = ValidateUnsignedInteger, default = 0x0000000000000000,\r
                         help = "The 64-bit hardware instance.  The default is 0x0000000000000000")\r
\r
\r
    parser.add_argument ("--monotonic-count", dest = 'MonotonicCount', type = ValidateUnsignedInteger, default = 0x0000000000000000,\r
                         help = "64-bit monotonic count value in header.  Default is 0x0000000000000000.")\r
\r
    parser.add_argument ("--fw-version", dest = 'FwVersion', type = ValidateUnsignedInteger,\r
                         help = "The 32-bit version of the binary payload (e.g. 0x11223344 or 5678).  Required for encode operations that sign a payload.")\r
    parser.add_argument ("--lsv", dest = 'LowestSupportedVersion', type = ValidateUnsignedInteger,\r
                         help = "The 32-bit lowest supported version of the binary payload (e.g. 0x11223344 or 5678).  Required for encode operations that sign a payload.")\r
\r
    parser.add_argument ("--pfx-file", dest='SignToolPfxFile', type=argparse.FileType('rb'),\r
                         help="signtool PFX certificate filename.")\r
\r
    parser.add_argument ("--signer-private-cert", dest='OpenSslSignerPrivateCertFile', type=argparse.FileType('rb'),\r
                         help="OpenSSL signer private certificate filename.")\r
    parser.add_argument ("--other-public-cert", dest='OpenSslOtherPublicCertFile', type=argparse.FileType('rb'),\r
                         help="OpenSSL other public certificate filename.")\r
    parser.add_argument ("--trusted-public-cert", dest='OpenSslTrustedPublicCertFile', type=argparse.FileType('rb'),\r
                         help="OpenSSL trusted public certificate filename.")\r
\r
    parser.add_argument ("--signing-tool-path", dest = 'SigningToolPath',\r
                         help = "Path to signtool or OpenSSL tool.  Optional if path to tools are already in PATH.")\r
\r
    #\r
    # Add optional arguments common to all operations\r
    #\r
    parser.add_argument ('--version', action='version', version='%(prog)s ' + __version__)\r
    parser.add_argument ("-v", "--verbose", dest = 'Verbose', action = "store_true",\r
                         help = "Turn on verbose output with informational messages printed, including capsule headers and warning messages.")\r
    parser.add_argument ("-q", "--quiet", dest = 'Quiet', action = "store_true",\r
                         help = "Disable all messages except fatal errors.")\r
    parser.add_argument ("--debug", dest = 'Debug', type = int, metavar = '[0-9]', choices = range (0, 10), default = 0,\r
                         help = "Set debug level")\r
\r
    #\r
    # Parse command line arguments\r
    #\r
    args = parser.parse_args()\r
\r
    #\r
    # Perform additional argument verification\r
    #\r
    if args.Encode:\r
        if args.Guid is None:\r
            parser.error ('the following option is required: --guid')\r
        if 'PersistAcrossReset' not in args.CapsuleFlag:\r
            if 'InitiateReset' in args.CapsuleFlag:\r
                parser.error ('--capflag InitiateReset also requires --capflag PersistAcrossReset')\r
        if args.CapsuleOemFlag > 0xFFFF:\r
            parser.error ('--capoemflag must be an integer between 0x0000 and 0xffff')\r
        if args.HardwareInstance > 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:\r
            parser.error ('--hardware-instance must be an integer in range 0x0..0xffffffffffffffff')\r
        if args.MonotonicCount > 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:\r
            parser.error ('--monotonic-count must be an integer in range 0x0..0xffffffffffffffff')\r
\r
    UseSignTool = args.SignToolPfxFile is not None\r
    UseOpenSsl  = (args.OpenSslSignerPrivateCertFile is not None and\r
                   args.OpenSslOtherPublicCertFile is not None and\r
                   args.OpenSslTrustedPublicCertFile is not None)\r
    AnyOpenSsl  = (args.OpenSslSignerPrivateCertFile is not None or\r
                   args.OpenSslOtherPublicCertFile is not None or\r
                   args.OpenSslTrustedPublicCertFile is not None)\r
    if args.Encode or args.Decode:\r
        if args.OutputFile is None:\r
            parser.error ('the following option is required for all encode and decode operations: --output')\r
\r
        if UseSignTool and AnyOpenSsl:\r
            parser.error ('Providing both signtool and OpenSSL options is not supported')\r
        if not UseSignTool and not UseOpenSsl and AnyOpenSsl:\r
            parser.error ('all the following options are required for OpenSSL: --signer-private-cert, --other-public-cert, --trusted-public-cert')\r
        if UseSignTool and platform.system() != 'Windows':\r
            parser.error ('Use of signtool is not supported on this operating system.')\r
        if args.Encode and (UseSignTool or UseOpenSsl):\r
            if args.FwVersion is None or args.LowestSupportedVersion is None:\r
                parser.error ('the following options are required: --fw-version, --lsv')\r
            if args.FwVersion > 0xFFFFFFFF:\r
                parser.error ('--fw-version must be an integer in range 0x0..0xffffffff')\r
            if args.LowestSupportedVersion > 0xFFFFFFFF:\r
                parser.error ('--lsv must be an integer in range 0x0..0xffffffff')\r
\r
        if UseSignTool:\r
            args.SignToolPfxFile.close()\r
            args.SignToolPfxFile = args.SignToolPfxFile.name\r
        if UseOpenSsl:\r
            args.OpenSslSignerPrivateCertFile.close()\r
            args.OpenSslOtherPublicCertFile.close()\r
            args.OpenSslTrustedPublicCertFile.close()\r
            args.OpenSslSignerPrivateCertFile = args.OpenSslSignerPrivateCertFile.name\r
            args.OpenSslOtherPublicCertFile   = args.OpenSslOtherPublicCertFile.name\r
            args.OpenSslTrustedPublicCertFile = args.OpenSslTrustedPublicCertFile.name\r
\r
    if args.DumpInfo:\r
        if args.OutputFile is not None:\r
            parser.error ('the following option is not supported for dumpinfo operations: --output')\r
\r
    #\r
    # Read binary input file\r
    #\r
    try:\r
        if args.Verbose:\r
            print ('Read binary input file {File}'.format (File = args.InputFile.name))\r
        Buffer = args.InputFile.read ()\r
        args.InputFile.close ()\r
    except:\r
        print ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not read binary input file {File}'.format (File = args.InputFile.name))\r
        sys.exit (1)\r
\r
    #\r
    # Create objects\r
    #\r
    UefiCapsuleHeader = UefiCapsuleHeaderClass ()\r
    FmpCapsuleHeader  = FmpCapsuleHeaderClass ()\r
    FmpAuthHeader     = FmpAuthHeaderClass ()\r
    FmpPayloadHeader  = FmpPayloadHeaderClass ()\r
\r
    if args.Encode:\r
        Result = Buffer\r
        if UseSignTool or UseOpenSsl:\r
            try:\r
                FmpPayloadHeader.FwVersion              = args.FwVersion\r
                FmpPayloadHeader.LowestSupportedVersion = args.LowestSupportedVersion\r
                FmpPayloadHeader.Payload                = Result\r
                Result = FmpPayloadHeader.Encode ()\r
                if args.Verbose:\r
                    FmpPayloadHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
            except:\r
                print ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not encode FMP Payload Header')\r
                sys.exit (1)\r
\r
            #\r
            # Sign image with 64-bit MonotonicCount appended to end of image\r
            #\r
            try:\r
                if UseSignTool:\r
                    CertData = SignPayloadSignTool (\r
                                 Result + struct.pack ('<Q', args.MonotonicCount),\r
                                 args.SigningToolPath,\r
                                 args.SignToolPfxFile\r
                                 )\r
                else:\r
                    CertData = SignPayloadOpenSsl (\r
                                 Result + struct.pack ('<Q', args.MonotonicCount),\r
                                 args.SigningToolPath,\r
                                 args.OpenSslSignerPrivateCertFile,\r
                                 args.OpenSslOtherPublicCertFile,\r
                                 args.OpenSslTrustedPublicCertFile\r
                                 )\r
            except:\r
                print ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not sign payload')\r
                sys.exit (1)\r
\r
            try:\r
                FmpAuthHeader.MonotonicCount = args.MonotonicCount\r
                FmpAuthHeader.CertData       = CertData\r
                FmpAuthHeader.Payload        = Result\r
                Result = FmpAuthHeader.Encode ()\r
                if args.Verbose:\r
                    FmpAuthHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
            except:\r
                print ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not encode FMP Auth Header')\r
                sys.exit (1)\r
\r
        try:\r
            FmpCapsuleHeader.AddPayload (args.Guid, Result, HardwareInstance = args.HardwareInstance)\r
            Result = FmpCapsuleHeader.Encode ()\r
            if args.Verbose:\r
                FmpCapsuleHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
        except:\r
            print ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not encode FMP Capsule Header')\r
            sys.exit (1)\r
\r
        try:\r
            UefiCapsuleHeader.OemFlags            = args.CapsuleOemFlag\r
            UefiCapsuleHeader.PersistAcrossReset  = 'PersistAcrossReset'  in args.CapsuleFlag\r
            UefiCapsuleHeader.PopulateSystemTable = False\r
            UefiCapsuleHeader.InitiateReset       = 'InitiateReset'       in args.CapsuleFlag\r
            UefiCapsuleHeader.Payload             = Result\r
            Result = UefiCapsuleHeader.Encode ()\r
            if args.Verbose:\r
                UefiCapsuleHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
        except:\r
            print ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not encode UEFI Capsule Header')\r
            sys.exit (1)\r
\r
    elif args.Decode:\r
        try:\r
            Result = UefiCapsuleHeader.Decode (Buffer)\r
            FmpCapsuleHeader.Decode (Result)\r
            Result = FmpCapsuleHeader.GetFmpCapsuleImageHeader (0).Payload\r
            if args.Verbose:\r
                print ('========')\r
                UefiCapsuleHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
                print ('--------')\r
                FmpCapsuleHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
            if UseSignTool or UseOpenSsl:\r
                Result = FmpAuthHeader.Decode (Result)\r
                if args.Verbose:\r
                    print ('--------')\r
                    FmpAuthHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
\r
                #\r
                # Verify Image with 64-bit MonotonicCount appended to end of image\r
                #\r
                try:\r
                  if UseSignTool:\r
                      CertData = VerifyPayloadSignTool (\r
                                   FmpAuthHeader.Payload + struct.pack ('<Q', FmpAuthHeader.MonotonicCount),\r
                                   FmpAuthHeader.CertData,\r
                                   args.SigningToolPath,\r
                                   args.SignToolPfxFile\r
                                   )\r
                  else:\r
                      CertData = VerifyPayloadOpenSsl (\r
                                   FmpAuthHeader.Payload + struct.pack ('<Q', FmpAuthHeader.MonotonicCount),\r
                                   FmpAuthHeader.CertData,\r
                                   args.SigningToolPath,\r
                                   args.OpenSslSignerPrivateCertFile,\r
                                   args.OpenSslOtherPublicCertFile,\r
                                   args.OpenSslTrustedPublicCertFile\r
                                   )\r
                except ValueError:\r
                    print ('GenerateCapsule: warning: can not verify payload.')\r
\r
                try:\r
                    Result = FmpPayloadHeader.Decode (Result)\r
                    if args.Verbose:\r
                        print ('--------')\r
                        FmpPayloadHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
                        print ('========')\r
                except:\r
                    if args.Verbose:\r
                        print ('--------')\r
                        print ('No FMP_PAYLOAD_HEADER')\r
                        print ('========')\r
                    raise\r
            else:\r
                if args.Verbose:\r
                    print ('--------')\r
                    print ('No EFI_FIRMWARE_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATION')\r
                    print ('--------')\r
                    print ('No FMP_PAYLOAD_HEADER')\r
                    print ('========')\r
        except:\r
            print ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not decode capsule')\r
            sys.exit (1)\r
\r
    elif args.DumpInfo:\r
        try:\r
            Result = UefiCapsuleHeader.Decode (Buffer)\r
            FmpCapsuleHeader.Decode (Result)\r
            Result = FmpCapsuleHeader.GetFmpCapsuleImageHeader (0).Payload\r
            print ('========')\r
            UefiCapsuleHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
            print ('--------')\r
            FmpCapsuleHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
            try:\r
                Result = FmpAuthHeader.Decode (Result)\r
                print ('--------')\r
                FmpAuthHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
                try:\r
                    Result = FmpPayloadHeader.Decode (Result)\r
                    print ('--------')\r
                    FmpPayloadHeader.DumpInfo ()\r
                except:\r
                    print ('--------')\r
                    print ('No FMP_PAYLOAD_HEADER')\r
            except:\r
                print ('--------')\r
                print ('No EFI_FIRMWARE_IMAGE_AUTHENTICATION')\r
                print ('--------')\r
                print ('No FMP_PAYLOAD_HEADER')\r
            print ('========')\r
        except:\r
            print ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not decode capsule')\r
            sys.exit (1)\r
    else:\r
        print('GenerateCapsule: error: invalid options')\r
        sys.exit (1)\r
\r
    #\r
    # Write binary output file\r
    #\r
    if args.OutputFile is not None:\r
        try:\r
            if args.Verbose:\r
                print ('Write binary output file {File}'.format (File = args.OutputFile.name))\r
            args.OutputFile.write (Result)\r
            args.OutputFile.close ()\r
        except:\r
            print ('GenerateCapsule: error: can not write binary output file {File}'.format (File = args.OutputFile.name))\r
            sys.exit (1)\r
\r
    if args.Verbose:\r
        print('Success')\r