BaseTools: Enable compiler cache support in edk2 build

BaseTools: Enable compiler cache support in edk2 build

https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1499
Compiler cache can greatly improve the build performance and
guarantee the build result safe. In our testing, the compiler
cache can improve the overall clean build time usually by 30+%
in linux and 10+% in windows. The compiler cache are very fit
to improve the Continuous Integration (CI) build performance.

For linux compiler cache (ccache) enabling, there is no need
to update edk2 code.
Below link has the ccache enabling referencd steps:
https://github.com/shijunjing/edk2/wiki/
Edk2-compiler-cache-enabling-steps-on-Linux

For windows compiler cache (clcache) enabling, we need update
the .PDB debugging file producing option from /Zi to /Z7,
which is to let the C object file contain its full symbolic
debugging information rather than produces a separated PDB file
for all obj files per folder. "PDB files are generated by a different
process (mspdbsrv). They arrive or are updated on disk after
cl completes a compilation or linking operation. One huge problem
with caching them is that the pdb files are input files as well as
outputs. mspdbsrv updates the file with new debug information if
the file exists beforehand. If there are several compilations going
on at once targetting the same pdb then the order the pdb gets
updated is unpredictable. All this makes caching very hard."
The /Zi issue more detail disccusion can be found:
https://github.com/frerich/clcache/issues/30
Please be aware that this change has no any impact to edk2 module
level PDB file generation, and we still can get the PDB debug file
for a .efi module. The /Z7 only impact intermediate obj files level
PDB file, which is current one PDB file (vc140.pdb) per obj folder.

Below link has the clcache enabling referencd steps:
https://github.com/shijunjing/edk2/wiki/
Edk2-compiler-cache-enabling-steps-on-Windows

Have tested below tools which consume the .PDB file:
*Edk2 source code debugger
*Various hardware and software debuggers
*Uefi code coverage tools

Only update and test below most commonly used four msvc toolchains:
VS2012x86 VS2013x86 VS2015x86 VS2017

Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Steven Shi <steven.shi@intel.com>
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>