#### Un-comment the following line to build Python.\r
# AppPkg/Applications/Python/PythonCore.inf\r
\r
+#### Un-comment the following line to build Lua.\r
+ AppPkg/Applications/Lua/Lua.inf\r
+\r
\r
##############################################################################\r
#\r
--- /dev/null
+Lua is designed, implemented, and maintained by a team at PUC-Rio, the\r
+Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Lua was born and\r
+raised in Tecgraf, formerly the Computer Graphics Technology Group of PUC-Rio.\r
+Lua is now housed at LabLua, a laboratory of the Department of Computer Science\r
+of PUC-Rio.\r
+\r
+The initial work to provide the UEFI implementation of Lua was done at\r
+Emulex Corporation.\r
+\r
+Some final packaging and build file "beautification" was done at\r
+Intel Corporation.\r
+\r
+Copyright notices, applying to this package and its contents, follow below.\r
+These notices will be updated as necessitated by ongoing maintenance and\r
+enhancement.\r
+\r
+--------\r
+Copyright (c) 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>\r
+This program and the accompanying materials are licensed and made available under\r
+the terms and conditions of the BSD License that accompanies this distribution.\r
+The full text of the license may be found at\r
+http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.\r
+\r
+THE PROGRAM IS DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE BSD LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,\r
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.\r
+\r
+--------\r
+Copyright (c) 2014, Emulex Corporation 3333 Susan Street, Costa Mesa, CA 92626\r
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\r
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal\r
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\r
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\r
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\r
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\r
+\r
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\r
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\r
+\r
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\r
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\r
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\r
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\r
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\r
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN\r
+THE SOFTWARE.\r
+\r
+--------\r
+Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.\r
+\r
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\r
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\r
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\r
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\r
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\r
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\r
+the following conditions:\r
+\r
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be\r
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\r
+\r
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\r
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\r
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.\r
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY\r
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,\r
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE\r
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.\r
+\r
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r
--- /dev/null
+## @file\r
+# Lua.inf\r
+#\r
+# UEFI port of the Lua scripting language, Lua 5.2.3, released on 11 Nov 2013\r
+#\r
+# Copyright (c) 2014, Emulex Corporation 3333 Susan Street, Costa Mesa, CA 92626\r
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\r
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal\r
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\r
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\r
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\r
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\r
+#\r
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\r
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\r
+#\r
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\r
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\r
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\r
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\r
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\r
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN\r
+# THE SOFTWARE.\r
+#\r
+##\r
+\r
+[Defines]\r
+ INF_VERSION = 0x00010006\r
+ BASE_NAME = Lua\r
+ FILE_GUID = d6a9a1b9-4bfd-d61e-f037-3fa4ca06e046\r
+ MODULE_TYPE = UEFI_APPLICATION\r
+ VERSION_STRING = 0.1\r
+ ENTRY_POINT = ShellCEntryLib\r
+\r
+[Sources]\r
+ ./src/lua.c\r
+\r
+[Packages]\r
+ StdLib/StdLib.dec\r
+ MdePkg/MdePkg.dec\r
+ ShellPkg/ShellPkg.dec\r
+\r
+[LibraryClasses]\r
+ LibC\r
+ LibStdio\r
+ LibStdLib\r
+ LibSignal\r
+ LibString\r
+ LibMath\r
+ LibTime\r
+ DevShell\r
+ UefiLib\r
+ ShellCEntryLib\r
+ LuaLib\r
--- /dev/null
+## @file\r
+# LuaLib.inf\r
+#\r
+# Copyright (c) 2014, Emulex Corporation 3333 Susan Street, Costa Mesa, CA 92626\r
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\r
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal\r
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\r
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\r
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\r
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\r
+#\r
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\r
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\r
+#\r
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\r
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\r
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\r
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\r
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\r
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN\r
+# THE SOFTWARE.\r
+#\r
+##\r
+\r
+[Defines]\r
+ INF_VERSION = 0x00010006\r
+ BASE_NAME = LuaLib\r
+ FILE_GUID = 4e38555c-4f92-20c5-a563-fe907585662d\r
+ MODULE_TYPE = UEFI_APPLICATION\r
+ VERSION_STRING = 0.1\r
+ LIBRARY_CLASS = LuaLib\r
+\r
+[Sources]\r
+ src/lapi.c\r
+ src/lauxlib.c\r
+ src/lbaselib.c\r
+ src/lbitlib.c\r
+ src/lcode.c\r
+ src/lcorolib.c\r
+ src/lctype.c\r
+ src/ldblib.c\r
+ src/ldebug.c\r
+ src/ldo.c\r
+ src/ldump.c\r
+ src/lfunc.c\r
+ src/lgc.c\r
+ src/linit.c\r
+ src/liolib.c\r
+ src/llex.c\r
+ src/lmathlib.c\r
+ src/lmem.c\r
+ src/loadlib.c\r
+ src/lobject.c\r
+ src/lopcodes.c\r
+ src/loslib.c\r
+ src/lparser.c\r
+ src/lstate.c\r
+ src/lstring.c\r
+ src/lstrlib.c\r
+ src/ltable.c\r
+ src/ltablib.c\r
+ src/ltm.c\r
+ src/lundump.c\r
+ src/lvm.c\r
+ src/lzio.c\r
+\r
+[Packages]\r
+ StdLib/StdLib.dec\r
+ MdePkg/MdePkg.dec\r
+\r
+[BuildOptions]\r
+ MSFT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /Oi- /wd4702\r
--- /dev/null
+This is Lua 5.2.3, released on 11 Nov 2013.\r
+\r
+For installation instructions, license details, and\r
+further information about Lua, see doc/readme.html.\r
+=================================================\r
+\r
+Embedding Lua\r
+-------------\r
+The Lua library instance, LuaLib, is defined by StdLib.inc. Since, currently, all applications which\r
+embed Lua are also StdLib applications, StdLib.inc will be included by your package's .DSC file.\r
+\r
+The header files required to use LuaLib are in the standard include path at StdLib\Include\Lua.\r
+They may be referenced as:\r
+ #include <Lua/lua.h>\r
+ #include <Lua/lualib.h>\r
+ #include <Lua/lauxlib>\r
+ #include <Lua/luaconf.h>\r
+\r
+Lua/luaconf.h is the Lua configuration file. If you wish to build Lua with custom characteristics,\r
+this is the file to modify. Modify the file in StdLib\Include\Lua since the file in the Lua\r
+source tree is just a stub which references the file in StdLib.\r
+\r
+\r
+Installation on UEFI\r
+--------------------\r
+Install the Lua.efi file into \Efi\Tools. This is the standalone Lua interpreter.\r
+Create a directory, \Efi\StdLib\lib\Lua. This is the default location for Lua scripts.\r
+\r
+If desired, copy the files from AppPkg\Applications\Lua\scripts, in the source tree, into\r
+\Efi\StdLib\lib\Lua.\r
--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua 5.2 Reference Manual - contents</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<STYLE TYPE="text/css">
+ul {
+ list-style-type: none ;
+ list-style-position: outside ;
+}
+</STYLE>
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<HR>
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
+Lua 5.2 Reference Manual
+</H1>
+
+<P>
+The reference manual is the official definition of the Lua language.
+For a complete introduction to Lua programming, see the book
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/pil/">Programming in Lua</A>.
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html">start</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#contents">contents</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#index">index</A>
+<HR>
+<SMALL>
+Copyright © 2011–2013 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Freely available under the terms of the
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</A>.
+</SMALL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="contents">Contents</A></H2>
+<UL style="padding: 0">
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html">1 – Introduction</A>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2">2 – Basic Concepts</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.1">2.1 – Values and Types</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2">2.2 – Environments and the Global Environment</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.3">2.3 – Error Handling</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4">2.4 – Metatables and Metamethods</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5">2.5 – Garbage Collection</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.1">2.5.1 – Garbage-Collection Metamethods</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.2">2.5.2 – Weak Tables</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.6">2.6 – Coroutines</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3">3 – The Language</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.1">3.1 – Lexical Conventions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.2">3.2 – Variables</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3">3.3 – Statements</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.1">3.3.1 – Blocks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.2">3.3.2 – Chunks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.3">3.3.3 – Assignment</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.4">3.3.4 – Control Structures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.5">3.3.5 – For Statement</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.6">3.3.6 – Function Calls as Statements</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.7">3.3.7 – Local Declarations</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4">3.4 – Expressions</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.1">3.4.1 – Arithmetic Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.2">3.4.2 – Coercion</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.3">3.4.3 – Relational Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.4">3.4.4 – Logical Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.5">3.4.5 – Concatenation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.6">3.4.6 – The Length Operator</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.7">3.4.7 – Precedence</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.8">3.4.8 – Table Constructors</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.9">3.4.9 – Function Calls</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.10">3.4.10 – Function Definitions</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.5">3.5 – Visibility Rules</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4">4 – The Application Program Interface</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1">4.1 – The Stack</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.2">4.2 – Stack Size</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.3">4.3 – Valid and Acceptable Indices</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.4">4.4 – C Closures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.5">4.5 – Registry</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.6">4.6 – Error Handling in C</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.7">4.7 – Handling Yields in C</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.8">4.8 – Functions and Types</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.9">4.9 – The Debug Interface</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5">5 – The Auxiliary Library</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.1">5.1 – Functions and Types</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6">6 – Standard Libraries</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.1">6.1 – Basic Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.2">6.2 – Coroutine Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.3">6.3 – Modules</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.4">6.4 – String Manipulation</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.4.1">6.4.1 – Patterns</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.5">6.5 – Table Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.6">6.6 – Mathematical Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.7">6.7 – Bitwise Operations</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.8">6.8 – Input and Output Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.9">6.9 – Operating System Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.10">6.10 – The Debug Library</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7">7 – Lua Standalone</A>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8">8 – Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.1">8.1 – Changes in the Language</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.2">8.2 – Changes in the Libraries</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.3">8.3 – Changes in the API</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#9">9 – The Complete Syntax of Lua</A>
+</UL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="index">Index</A></H2>
+<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
+<TR VALIGN="top">
+<TD>
+<H3><A NAME="functions">Lua functions</A></H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_G">_G</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_VERSION">_VERSION</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-assert">assert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-collectgarbage">collectgarbage</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-dofile">dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-error">error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getmetatable">getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-ipairs">ipairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-load">load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadfile">loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-next">next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pairs">pairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pcall">pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-print">print</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawequal">rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawget">rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawlen">rawlen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawset">rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-require">require</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-select">select</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setmetatable">setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tonumber">tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tostring">tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-type">type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-xpcall">xpcall</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.arshift">bit32.arshift</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.band">bit32.band</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.bnot">bit32.bnot</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.bor">bit32.bor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.btest">bit32.btest</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.bxor">bit32.bxor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.extract">bit32.extract</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.lrotate">bit32.lrotate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.lshift">bit32.lshift</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.replace">bit32.replace</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.rrotate">bit32.rrotate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.rshift">bit32.rshift</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.create">coroutine.create</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.resume">coroutine.resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.running">coroutine.running</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.status">coroutine.status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.wrap">coroutine.wrap</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.yield">coroutine.yield</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.debug">debug.debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getuservalue">debug.getuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.gethook">debug.gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getinfo">debug.getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getlocal">debug.getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getmetatable">debug.getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getregistry">debug.getregistry</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getupvalue">debug.getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setuservalue">debug.setuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.sethook">debug.sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setlocal">debug.setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setmetatable">debug.setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setupvalue">debug.setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.traceback">debug.traceback</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.upvalueid">debug.upvalueid</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.upvaluejoin">debug.upvaluejoin</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:close">file:close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:flush">file:flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:lines">file:lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:read">file:read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:seek">file:seek</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:setvbuf">file:setvbuf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:write">file:write</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.close">io.close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.flush">io.flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.input">io.input</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.lines">io.lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.open">io.open</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.output">io.output</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.popen">io.popen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.read">io.read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stderr">io.stderr</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdin">io.stdin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdout">io.stdout</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.tmpfile">io.tmpfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.type">io.type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.write">io.write</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3> </H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.abs">math.abs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.acos">math.acos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.asin">math.asin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan">math.atan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan2">math.atan2</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ceil">math.ceil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cos">math.cos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cosh">math.cosh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.deg">math.deg</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.exp">math.exp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.floor">math.floor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.fmod">math.fmod</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.frexp">math.frexp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.huge">math.huge</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ldexp">math.ldexp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log">math.log</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.max">math.max</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.min">math.min</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.modf">math.modf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pi">math.pi</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pow">math.pow</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.rad">math.rad</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.random">math.random</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.randomseed">math.randomseed</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sin">math.sin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sinh">math.sinh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sqrt">math.sqrt</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tan">math.tan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tanh">math.tanh</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.clock">os.clock</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.date">os.date</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.difftime">os.difftime</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.execute">os.execute</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.exit">os.exit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.getenv">os.getenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.remove">os.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.rename">os.rename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.setlocale">os.setlocale</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.time">os.time</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.tmpname">os.tmpname</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.config">package.config</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.cpath">package.cpath</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaded">package.loaded</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loadlib">package.loadlib</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.path">package.path</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.preload">package.preload</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.searchers">package.searchers</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.searchpath">package.searchpath</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.byte">string.byte</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.char">string.char</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.dump">string.dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.find">string.find</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.format">string.format</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gmatch">string.gmatch</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gsub">string.gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.len">string.len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.lower">string.lower</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.match">string.match</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.rep">string.rep</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.reverse">string.reverse</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.sub">string.sub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.upper">string.upper</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.concat">table.concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.insert">table.insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.pack">table.pack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.remove">table.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.sort">table.sort</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.unpack">table.unpack</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>C API</H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Alloc">lua_Alloc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_CFunction">lua_CFunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Debug">lua_Debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Hook">lua_Hook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Integer">lua_Integer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Number">lua_Number</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Reader">lua_Reader</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_State">lua_State</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Unsigned">lua_Unsigned</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Writer">lua_Writer</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_absindex">lua_absindex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_arith">lua_arith</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_atpanic">lua_atpanic</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_call">lua_call</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_callk">lua_callk</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_checkstack">lua_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_close">lua_close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_compare">lua_compare</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_concat">lua_concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_copy">lua_copy</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_createtable">lua_createtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_dump">lua_dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_error">lua_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gc">lua_gc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getallocf">lua_getallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getctx">lua_getctx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfield">lua_getfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getglobal">lua_getglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethook">lua_gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookcount">lua_gethookcount</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookmask">lua_gethookmask</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getinfo">lua_getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getlocal">lua_getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getmetatable">lua_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getstack">lua_getstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettable">lua_gettable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettop">lua_gettop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getupvalue">lua_getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getuservalue">lua_getuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_insert">lua_insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isboolean">lua_isboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_iscfunction">lua_iscfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isfunction">lua_isfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_islightuserdata">lua_islightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnil">lua_isnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnone">lua_isnone</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnoneornil">lua_isnoneornil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnumber">lua_isnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isstring">lua_isstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_istable">lua_istable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isthread">lua_isthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isuserdata">lua_isuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_len">lua_len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_load">lua_load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newstate">lua_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newtable">lua_newtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newthread">lua_newthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newuserdata">lua_newuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_next">lua_next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pcall">lua_pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pcallk">lua_pcallk</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pop">lua_pop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushboolean">lua_pushboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcclosure">lua_pushcclosure</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcfunction">lua_pushcfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushfstring">lua_pushfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushglobaltable">lua_pushglobaltable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushinteger">lua_pushinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlightuserdata">lua_pushlightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushliteral">lua_pushliteral</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlstring">lua_pushlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnil">lua_pushnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnumber">lua_pushnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushstring">lua_pushstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushthread">lua_pushthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushunsigned">lua_pushunsigned</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvalue">lua_pushvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvfstring">lua_pushvfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawequal">lua_rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawget">lua_rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawgeti">lua_rawgeti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawgetp">lua_rawgetp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawlen">lua_rawlen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawset">lua_rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawseti">lua_rawseti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawsetp">lua_rawsetp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_register">lua_register</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_remove">lua_remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_replace">lua_replace</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_resume">lua_resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setallocf">lua_setallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfield">lua_setfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setglobal">lua_setglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_sethook">lua_sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setlocal">lua_setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setmetatable">lua_setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settable">lua_settable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settop">lua_settop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setupvalue">lua_setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setuservalue">lua_setuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_status">lua_status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_toboolean">lua_toboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tocfunction">lua_tocfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tointeger">lua_tointeger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tointegerx">lua_tointegerx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tolstring">lua_tolstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tonumber">lua_tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tonumberx">lua_tonumberx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_topointer">lua_topointer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tostring">lua_tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tothread">lua_tothread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tounsigned">lua_tounsigned</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tounsignedx">lua_tounsignedx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_touserdata">lua_touserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_type">lua_type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_typename">lua_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvalueid">lua_upvalueid</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvalueindex">lua_upvalueindex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvaluejoin">lua_upvaluejoin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_version">lua_version</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_xmove">lua_xmove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_yield">lua_yield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_yieldk">lua_yieldk</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>auxiliary library</H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Buffer">luaL_Buffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Reg">luaL_Reg</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addchar">luaL_addchar</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addlstring">luaL_addlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addsize">luaL_addsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addstring">luaL_addstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addvalue">luaL_addvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argcheck">luaL_argcheck</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argerror">luaL_argerror</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffinit">luaL_buffinit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffinitsize">luaL_buffinitsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_callmeta">luaL_callmeta</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkany">luaL_checkany</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkint">luaL_checkint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkinteger">luaL_checkinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklong">luaL_checklong</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklstring">luaL_checklstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checknumber">luaL_checknumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkoption">luaL_checkoption</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstack">luaL_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstring">luaL_checkstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checktype">luaL_checktype</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkudata">luaL_checkudata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkunsigned">luaL_checkunsigned</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkversion">luaL_checkversion</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dofile">luaL_dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dostring">luaL_dostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_error">luaL_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_execresult">luaL_execresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_fileresult">luaL_fileresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetafield">luaL_getmetafield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetatable">luaL_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getsubtable">luaL_getsubtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_gsub">luaL_gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_len">luaL_len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadbuffer">luaL_loadbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadbufferx">luaL_loadbufferx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadfile">luaL_loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadfilex">luaL_loadfilex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadstring">luaL_loadstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newlib">luaL_newlib</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newlibtable">luaL_newlibtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newmetatable">luaL_newmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newstate">luaL_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_openlibs">luaL_openlibs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optint">luaL_optint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optinteger">luaL_optinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlong">luaL_optlong</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlstring">luaL_optlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optnumber">luaL_optnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optstring">luaL_optstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optunsigned">luaL_optunsigned</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_prepbuffer">luaL_prepbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_prepbuffsize">luaL_prepbuffsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushresult">luaL_pushresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushresultsize">luaL_pushresultsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_ref">luaL_ref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_requiref">luaL_requiref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_setfuncs">luaL_setfuncs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_setmetatable">luaL_setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_testudata">luaL_testudata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_tolstring">luaL_tolstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_traceback">luaL_traceback</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typename">luaL_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_unref">luaL_unref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_where">luaL_where</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Tue Mar 12 11:22:18 BRT 2013
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.2.2
+-->
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+.\" $Id: lua.man,v 1.13 2011/11/16 17:16:53 lhf Exp $
+.TH LUA 1 "$Date: 2011/11/16 17:16:53 $"
+.SH NAME
+lua \- Lua interpreter
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B lua
+[
+.I options
+]
+[
+.I script
+[
+.I args
+]
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B lua
+is the standalone Lua interpreter.
+It loads and executes Lua programs,
+either in textual source form or
+in precompiled binary form.
+(Precompiled binaries are output by
+.BR luac ,
+the Lua compiler.)
+.B lua
+can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively.
+.LP
+The given
+.I options
+are handled in order and then
+the Lua program in file
+.I script
+is loaded and executed.
+The given
+.I args
+are available to
+.I script
+as strings in a global table named
+.BR arg .
+If no options or arguments are given,
+then
+.B "\-v \-i"
+is assumed when the standard input is a terminal;
+otherwise,
+.B "\-"
+is assumed.
+.LP
+In interactive mode,
+.B lua
+prompts the user,
+reads lines from the standard input,
+and executes them as they are read.
+If a line does not contain a complete statement,
+then a secondary prompt is displayed and
+lines are read until a complete statement is formed or
+a syntax error is found.
+If a line starts with
+.BR '=' ,
+then
+.B lua
+evaluates and displays
+the values of the expressions in the remainder of the line.
+.LP
+At the very start,
+before even handling the command line,
+.B lua
+checks the contents of the environment variables
+.B LUA_INIT_5_2
+or
+.BR LUA_INIT ,
+in that order.
+If the contents is of the form
+.RI '@ filename ',
+then
+.I filename
+is executed.
+Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.BI \-e " stat"
+execute statement
+.IR stat .
+.TP
+.B \-i
+enter interactive mode after executing
+.IR script .
+.TP
+.BI \-l " name"
+execute the equivalent of
+.IB name =require(' name ')
+before executing
+.IR script .
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.TP
+.B \-E
+ignore environment variables.
+.TP
+.B \-\-
+stop handling options.
+.TP
+.B \-
+stop handling options and execute the standard input as a file.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR luac (1)
+.br
+The documentation at lua.org,
+especially section 7 of the reference manual.
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH AUTHORS
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF
--- /dev/null
+html {
+ background-color: #F8F8F8 ;
+}
+
+body {
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 1px ;
+ border-radius: 20px ;
+ padding: 26px ;
+ margin: 16px ;
+ color: #000000 ;
+ background-color: #FFFFFF ;
+ font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif ;
+ text-align: justify ;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4 {
+ font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif ;
+ font-weight: normal ;
+ font-style: normal ;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ padding-top: 0.4em ;
+ padding-bottom: 0.4em ;
+ padding-left: 0.8em ;
+ padding-right: 0.8em ;
+ background-color: #D0D0FF ;
+ border-radius: 8px ;
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 1px ;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ padding-left: 0.5em ;
+ border-left: solid #D0D0FF 1em ;
+}
+
+table h3 {
+ padding-left: 0px ;
+ border-left: none ;
+}
+
+a:link {
+ color: #000080 ;
+ background-color: inherit ;
+ text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:visited {
+ background-color: inherit ;
+ text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:link:hover, a:visited:hover {
+ color: #000080 ;
+ background-color: #D0D0FF ;
+}
+
+a:link:active, a:visited:active {
+ color: #FF0000 ;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border: 0 ;
+ height: 1px ;
+ color: #a0a0a0 ;
+ background-color: #a0a0a0 ;
+ display: none ;
+}
+
+table hr {
+ display: block ;
+}
+
+:target {
+ background-color: #F8F8F8 ;
+ padding: 8px ;
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+ border-radius: 8px ;
+}
+
+.footer {
+ color: gray ;
+ font-size: x-small ;
+}
+
+input[type=text] {
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+ border-radius: 2em ;
+ -moz-border-radius: 2em ;
+ background-image: url('images/search.png') ;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ background-position: 4px center ;
+ padding-left: 20px ;
+ height: 2em ;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+.\" $Id: luac.man,v 1.29 2011/11/16 13:53:40 lhf Exp $
+.TH LUAC 1 "$Date: 2011/11/16 13:53:40 $"
+.SH NAME
+luac \- Lua compiler
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B luac
+[
+.I options
+] [
+.I filenames
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B luac
+is the Lua compiler.
+It translates programs written in the Lua programming language
+into binary files containing precompiled chunks
+that can be later loaded and executed.
+.LP
+The main advantages of precompiling chunks are:
+faster loading,
+protecting source code from accidental user changes,
+and
+off-line syntax checking.
+Precompiling does not imply faster execution
+because in Lua chunks are always compiled into bytecodes before being executed.
+.B luac
+simply allows those bytecodes to be saved in a file for later execution.
+Precompiled chunks are not necessarily smaller than the corresponding source.
+The main goal in precompiling is faster loading.
+.LP
+In the command line,
+you can mix
+text files containing Lua source and
+binary files containing precompiled chunks.
+.B luac
+produces a single output file containing the combined bytecodes
+for all files given.
+Executing the combined file is equivalent to executing the given files.
+By default,
+the output file is named
+.BR luac.out ,
+but you can change this with the
+.B \-o
+option.
+.LP
+Precompiled chunks are
+.I not
+portable across different architectures.
+Moreover,
+the internal format of precompiled chunks
+is likely to change when a new version of Lua is released.
+Make sure you save the source files of all Lua programs that you precompile.
+.LP
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-l
+produce a listing of the compiled bytecode for Lua's virtual machine.
+Listing bytecodes is useful to learn about Lua's virtual machine.
+If no files are given, then
+.B luac
+loads
+.B luac.out
+and lists its contents.
+Use
+.B \-l \-l
+for a full listing.
+.TP
+.BI \-o " file"
+output to
+.IR file ,
+instead of the default
+.BR luac.out .
+(You can use
+.B "'\-'"
+for standard output,
+but not on platforms that open standard output in text mode.)
+The output file may be one of the given files because
+all files are loaded before the output file is written.
+Be careful not to overwrite precious files.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+load files but do not generate any output file.
+Used mainly for syntax checking and for testing precompiled chunks:
+corrupted files will probably generate errors when loaded.
+If no files are given, then
+.B luac
+loads
+.B luac.out
+and tests its contents.
+No messages are displayed if the file loads without errors.
+.TP
+.B \-s
+strip debug information before writing the output file.
+This saves some space in very large chunks,
+but if errors occur when running a stripped chunk,
+then the error messages may not contain the full information they usually do.
+In particular,
+line numbers and names of local variables are lost.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.TP
+.B \-\-
+stop handling options.
+.TP
+.B \-
+stop handling options and process standard input.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR lua (1)
+.br
+The documentation at lua.org.
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH AUTHORS
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF
--- /dev/null
+h3 code {
+ font-family: inherit ;
+ font-size: inherit ;
+}
+
+pre, code {
+ font-size: 12pt ;
+}
+
+span.apii {
+ float: right ;
+ font-family: inherit ;
+ font-style: normal ;
+ font-size: small ;
+ color: gray ;
+}
+
+p+h1, ul+h1 {
+ font-style: normal ;
+ padding-top: 0.4em ;
+ padding-bottom: 0.4em ;
+ padding-left: 16px ;
+ margin-left: -16px ;
+ background-color: #D0D0FF ;
+ border-radius: 8px ;
+ border: solid #000080 1px ;
+}
--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<title>Lua 5.2 Reference Manual</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="lua.css">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="manual.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<hr>
+<h1>
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/"><img src="logo.gif" alt="" border="0"></a>
+Lua 5.2 Reference Manual
+</h1>
+
+by Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes
+<p>
+<small>
+Copyright © 2011–2013 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Freely available under the terms of the
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</a>.
+</small>
+<hr>
+<p>
+
+<a href="contents.html#contents">contents</A>
+·
+<a href="contents.html#index">index</A>
+
+<!-- ====================================================================== -->
+<p>
+
+<!-- $Id: manual.of,v 1.103 2013/03/14 18:51:56 roberto Exp $ -->
+
+
+
+
+<h1>1 – <a name="1">Introduction</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Lua is an extension programming language designed to support
+general procedural programming with data description
+facilities.
+It also offers good support for object-oriented programming,
+functional programming, and data-driven programming.
+Lua is intended to be used as a powerful, lightweight,
+embeddable scripting language for any program that needs one.
+Lua is implemented as a library, written in <em>clean C</em>,
+the common subset of Standard C and C++.
+
+
+<p>
+Being an extension language, Lua has no notion of a "main" program:
+it only works <em>embedded</em> in a host client,
+called the <em>embedding program</em> or simply the <em>host</em>.
+The host program can invoke functions to execute a piece of Lua code,
+can write and read Lua variables,
+and can register C functions to be called by Lua code.
+Through the use of C functions, Lua can be augmented to cope with
+a wide range of different domains,
+thus creating customized programming languages sharing a syntactical framework.
+The Lua distribution includes a sample host program called <code>lua</code>,
+which uses the Lua library to offer a complete, standalone Lua interpreter,
+for interactive or batch use.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua is free software,
+and is provided as usual with no guarantees,
+as stated in its license.
+The implementation described in this manual is available
+at Lua's official web site, <code>www.lua.org</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Like any other reference manual,
+this document is dry in places.
+For a discussion of the decisions behind the design of Lua,
+see the technical papers available at Lua's web site.
+For a detailed introduction to programming in Lua,
+see Roberto's book, <em>Programming in Lua</em>.
+
+
+
+<h1>2 – <a name="2">Basic Concepts</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+This section describes the basic concepts of the language.
+
+
+
+<h2>2.1 – <a name="2.1">Values and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a <em>dynamically typed language</em>.
+This means that
+variables do not have types; only values do.
+There are no type definitions in the language.
+All values carry their own type.
+
+
+<p>
+All values in Lua are <em>first-class values</em>.
+This means that all values can be stored in variables,
+passed as arguments to other functions, and returned as results.
+
+
+<p>
+There are eight basic types in Lua:
+<em>nil</em>, <em>boolean</em>, <em>number</em>,
+<em>string</em>, <em>function</em>, <em>userdata</em>,
+<em>thread</em>, and <em>table</em>.
+<em>Nil</em> is the type of the value <b>nil</b>,
+whose main property is to be different from any other value;
+it usually represents the absence of a useful value.
+<em>Boolean</em> is the type of the values <b>false</b> and <b>true</b>.
+Both <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> make a condition false;
+any other value makes it true.
+<em>Number</em> represents real (double-precision floating-point) numbers.
+Operations on numbers follow the same rules of
+the underlying C implementation,
+which, in turn, usually follows the IEEE 754 standard.
+(It is easy to build Lua interpreters that use other
+internal representations for numbers,
+such as single-precision floats or long integers;
+see file <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+<em>String</em> represents immutable sequences of bytes.
+
+Lua is 8-bit clean:
+strings can contain any 8-bit value,
+including embedded zeros ('<code>\0</code>').
+
+
+<p>
+Lua can call (and manipulate) functions written in Lua and
+functions written in C
+(see <a href="#3.4.9">§3.4.9</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>userdata</em> is provided to allow arbitrary C data to
+be stored in Lua variables.
+A userdata value is a pointer to a block of raw memory.
+There are two kinds of userdata:
+full userdata, where the block of memory is managed by Lua,
+and light userdata, where the block of memory is managed by the host.
+Userdata has no predefined operations in Lua,
+except assignment and identity test.
+By using <em>metatables</em>,
+the programmer can define operations for full userdata values
+(see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+Userdata values cannot be created or modified in Lua,
+only through the C API.
+This guarantees the integrity of data owned by the host program.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>thread</em> represents independent threads of execution
+and it is used to implement coroutines (see <a href="#2.6">§2.6</a>).
+Do not confuse Lua threads with operating-system threads.
+Lua supports coroutines on all systems,
+even those that do not support threads.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>table</em> implements associative arrays,
+that is, arrays that can be indexed not only with numbers,
+but with any Lua value except <b>nil</b> and NaN
+(<em>Not a Number</em>, a special numeric value used to represent
+undefined or unrepresentable results, such as <code>0/0</code>).
+Tables can be <em>heterogeneous</em>;
+that is, they can contain values of all types (except <b>nil</b>).
+Any key with value <b>nil</b> is not considered part of the table.
+Conversely, any key that is not part of a table has
+an associated value <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Tables are the sole data structuring mechanism in Lua;
+they can be used to represent ordinary arrays, sequences,
+symbol tables, sets, records, graphs, trees, etc.
+To represent records, Lua uses the field name as an index.
+The language supports this representation by
+providing <code>a.name</code> as syntactic sugar for <code>a["name"]</code>.
+There are several convenient ways to create tables in Lua
+(see <a href="#3.4.8">§3.4.8</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+We use the term <em>sequence</em> to denote a table where
+the set of all positive numeric keys is equal to <em>{1..n}</em>
+for some integer <em>n</em>,
+which is called the length of the sequence (see <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Like indices,
+the values of table fields can be of any type.
+In particular,
+because functions are first-class values,
+table fields can contain functions.
+Thus tables can also carry <em>methods</em> (see <a href="#3.4.10">§3.4.10</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The indexing of tables follows
+the definition of raw equality in the language.
+The expressions <code>a[i]</code> and <code>a[j]</code>
+denote the same table element
+if and only if <code>i</code> and <code>j</code> are raw equal
+(that is, equal without metamethods).
+
+
+<p>
+Tables, functions, threads, and (full) userdata values are <em>objects</em>:
+variables do not actually <em>contain</em> these values,
+only <em>references</em> to them.
+Assignment, parameter passing, and function returns
+always manipulate references to such values;
+these operations do not imply any kind of copy.
+
+
+<p>
+The library function <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> returns a string describing the type
+of a given value (see <a href="#6.1">§6.1</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.2 – <a name="2.2">Environments and the Global Environment</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+As will be discussed in <a href="#3.2">§3.2</a> and <a href="#3.3.3">§3.3.3</a>,
+any reference to a global name <code>var</code> is syntactically translated
+to <code>_ENV.var</code>.
+Moreover, every chunk is compiled in the scope of
+an external local variable called <code>_ENV</code> (see <a href="#3.3.2">§3.3.2</a>),
+so <code>_ENV</code> itself is never a global name in a chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+Despite the existence of this external <code>_ENV</code> variable and
+the translation of global names,
+<code>_ENV</code> is a completely regular name.
+In particular,
+you can define new variables and parameters with that name.
+Each reference to a global name uses the <code>_ENV</code> that is
+visible at that point in the program,
+following the usual visibility rules of Lua (see <a href="#3.5">§3.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Any table used as the value of <code>_ENV</code> is called an <em>environment</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua keeps a distinguished environment called the <em>global environment</em>.
+This value is kept at a special index in the C registry (see <a href="#4.5">§4.5</a>).
+In Lua, the variable <a href="#pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a> is initialized with this same value.
+
+
+<p>
+When Lua compiles a chunk,
+it initializes the value of its <code>_ENV</code> upvalue
+with the global environment (see <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>).
+Therefore, by default,
+global variables in Lua code refer to entries in the global environment.
+Moreover, all standard libraries are loaded in the global environment
+and several functions there operate on that environment.
+You can use <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a> (or <a href="#pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile</code></a>)
+to load a chunk with a different environment.
+(In C, you have to load the chunk and then change the value
+of its first upvalue.)
+
+
+<p>
+If you change the global environment in the registry
+(through C code or the debug library),
+all chunks loaded after the change will get the new environment.
+Previously loaded chunks are not affected, however,
+as each has its own reference to the environment in its <code>_ENV</code> variable.
+Moreover, the variable <a href="#pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a>
+(which is stored in the original global environment)
+is never updated by Lua.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.3 – <a name="2.3">Error Handling</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Because Lua is an embedded extension language,
+all Lua actions start from C code in the host program
+calling a function from the Lua library (see <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>).
+Whenever an error occurs during
+the compilation or execution of a Lua chunk,
+control returns to the host,
+which can take appropriate measures
+(such as printing an error message).
+
+
+<p>
+Lua code can explicitly generate an error by calling the
+<a href="#pdf-error"><code>error</code></a> function.
+If you need to catch errors in Lua,
+you can use <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall</code></a>
+to call a given function in <em>protected mode</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever there is an error,
+an <em>error object</em> (also called an <em>error message</em>)
+is propagated with information about the error.
+Lua itself only generates errors where the error object is a string,
+but programs may generate errors with
+any value for the error object.
+
+
+<p>
+When you use <a href="#pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall</code></a> or <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+you may give a <em>message handler</em>
+to be called in case of errors.
+This function is called with the original error message
+and returns a new error message.
+It is called before the error unwinds the stack,
+so that it can gather more information about the error,
+for instance by inspecting the stack and creating a stack traceback.
+This message handler is still protected by the protected call;
+so, an error inside the message handler
+will call the message handler again.
+If this loop goes on, Lua breaks it and returns an appropriate message.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.4 – <a name="2.4">Metatables and Metamethods</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Every value in Lua can have a <em>metatable</em>.
+This <em>metatable</em> is an ordinary Lua table
+that defines the behavior of the original value
+under certain special operations.
+You can change several aspects of the behavior
+of operations over a value by setting specific fields in its metatable.
+For instance, when a non-numeric value is the operand of an addition,
+Lua checks for a function in the field "<code>__add</code>" of the value's metatable.
+If it finds one,
+Lua calls this function to perform the addition.
+
+
+<p>
+The keys in a metatable are derived from the <em>event</em> names;
+the corresponding values are called <em>metamethods</em>.
+In the previous example, the event is <code>"add"</code>
+and the metamethod is the function that performs the addition.
+
+
+<p>
+You can query the metatable of any value
+using the <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a> function.
+
+
+<p>
+You can replace the metatable of tables
+using the <a href="#pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable</code></a> function.
+You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua
+(except by using the debug library);
+you must use the C API for that.
+
+
+<p>
+Tables and full userdata have individual metatables
+(although multiple tables and userdata can share their metatables).
+Values of all other types share one single metatable per type;
+that is, there is one single metatable for all numbers,
+one for all strings, etc.
+By default, a value has no metatable,
+but the string library sets a metatable for the string type (see <a href="#6.4">§6.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+A metatable controls how an object behaves in arithmetic operations,
+order comparisons, concatenation, length operation, and indexing.
+A metatable also can define a function to be called
+when a userdata or a table is garbage collected.
+When Lua performs one of these operations over a value,
+it checks whether this value has a metatable with the corresponding event.
+If so, the value associated with that key (the metamethod)
+controls how Lua will perform the operation.
+
+
+<p>
+Metatables control the operations listed next.
+Each operation is identified by its corresponding name.
+The key for each operation is a string with its name prefixed by
+two underscores, '<code>__</code>';
+for instance, the key for operation "add" is the
+string "<code>__add</code>".
+
+
+<p>
+The semantics of these operations is better explained by a Lua function
+describing how the interpreter executes the operation.
+The code shown here in Lua is only illustrative;
+the real behavior is hard coded in the interpreter
+and it is much more efficient than this simulation.
+All functions used in these descriptions
+(<a href="#pdf-rawget"><code>rawget</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber</code></a>, etc.)
+are described in <a href="#6.1">§6.1</a>.
+In particular, to retrieve the metamethod of a given object,
+we use the expression
+
+<pre>
+ metatable(obj)[event]
+</pre><p>
+This should be read as
+
+<pre>
+ rawget(getmetatable(obj) or {}, event)
+</pre><p>
+This means that the access to a metamethod does not invoke other metamethods,
+and access to objects with no metatables does not fail
+(it simply results in <b>nil</b>).
+
+
+<p>
+For the unary <code>-</code> and <code>#</code> operators,
+the metamethod is called with a dummy second argument.
+This extra argument is only to simplify Lua's internals;
+it may be removed in future versions and therefore it is not present
+in the following code.
+(For most uses this extra argument is irrelevant.)
+
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"add": </b>
+the <code>+</code> operation.
+
+
+
+<p>
+The function <code>getbinhandler</code> below defines how Lua chooses a handler
+for a binary operation.
+First, Lua tries the first operand.
+If its type does not define a handler for the operation,
+then Lua tries the second operand.
+
+<pre>
+ function getbinhandler (op1, op2, event)
+ return metatable(op1)[event] or metatable(op2)[event]
+ end
+</pre><p>
+By using this function,
+the behavior of the <code>op1 + op2</code> is
+
+<pre>
+ function add_event (op1, op2)
+ local o1, o2 = tonumber(op1), tonumber(op2)
+ if o1 and o2 then -- both operands are numeric?
+ return o1 + o2 -- '+' here is the primitive 'add'
+ else -- at least one of the operands is not numeric
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__add")
+ if h then
+ -- call the handler with both operands
+ return (h(op1, op2))
+ else -- no handler available: default behavior
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"sub": </b>
+the <code>-</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"mul": </b>
+the <code>*</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"div": </b>
+the <code>/</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"mod": </b>
+the <code>%</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation,
+with the operation
+<code>o1 - floor(o1/o2)*o2</code> as the primitive operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"pow": </b>
+the <code>^</code> (exponentiation) operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation,
+with the function <code>pow</code> (from the C math library)
+as the primitive operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"unm": </b>
+the unary <code>-</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function unm_event (op)
+ local o = tonumber(op)
+ if o then -- operand is numeric?
+ return -o -- '-' here is the primitive 'unm'
+ else -- the operand is not numeric.
+ -- Try to get a handler from the operand
+ local h = metatable(op).__unm
+ if h then
+ -- call the handler with the operand
+ return (h(op))
+ else -- no handler available: default behavior
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"concat": </b>
+the <code>..</code> (concatenation) operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function concat_event (op1, op2)
+ if (type(op1) == "string" or type(op1) == "number") and
+ (type(op2) == "string" or type(op2) == "number") then
+ return op1 .. op2 -- primitive string concatenation
+ else
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__concat")
+ if h then
+ return (h(op1, op2))
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"len": </b>
+the <code>#</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function len_event (op)
+ if type(op) == "string" then
+ return strlen(op) -- primitive string length
+ else
+ local h = metatable(op).__len
+ if h then
+ return (h(op)) -- call handler with the operand
+ elseif type(op) == "table" then
+ return #op -- primitive table length
+ else -- no handler available: error
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+See <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a> for a description of the length of a table.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"eq": </b>
+the <code>==</code> operation.
+
+The function <code>getequalhandler</code> defines how Lua chooses a metamethod
+for equality.
+A metamethod is selected only when both values
+being compared have the same type
+and the same metamethod for the selected operation,
+and the values are either tables or full userdata.
+
+<pre>
+ function getequalhandler (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) ~= type(op2) or
+ (type(op1) ~= "table" and type(op1) ~= "userdata") then
+ return nil -- different values
+ end
+ local mm1 = metatable(op1).__eq
+ local mm2 = metatable(op2).__eq
+ if mm1 == mm2 then return mm1 else return nil end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+The "eq" event is defined as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ function eq_event (op1, op2)
+ if op1 == op2 then -- primitive equal?
+ return true -- values are equal
+ end
+ -- try metamethod
+ local h = getequalhandler(op1, op2)
+ if h then
+ return not not h(op1, op2)
+ else
+ return false
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note that the result is always a boolean.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"lt": </b>
+the <code><</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function lt_event (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) == "number" and type(op2) == "number" then
+ return op1 < op2 -- numeric comparison
+ elseif type(op1) == "string" and type(op2) == "string" then
+ return op1 < op2 -- lexicographic comparison
+ else
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__lt")
+ if h then
+ return not not h(op1, op2)
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note that the result is always a boolean.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"le": </b>
+the <code><=</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function le_event (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) == "number" and type(op2) == "number" then
+ return op1 <= op2 -- numeric comparison
+ elseif type(op1) == "string" and type(op2) == "string" then
+ return op1 <= op2 -- lexicographic comparison
+ else
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__le")
+ if h then
+ return not not h(op1, op2)
+ else
+ h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__lt")
+ if h then
+ return not h(op2, op1)
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note that, in the absence of a "le" metamethod,
+Lua tries the "lt", assuming that <code>a <= b</code> is
+equivalent to <code>not (b < a)</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+As with the other comparison operators,
+the result is always a boolean.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"index": </b>
+The indexing access <code>table[key]</code>.
+Note that the metamethod is tried only
+when <code>key</code> is not present in <code>table</code>.
+(When <code>table</code> is not a table,
+no key is ever present,
+so the metamethod is always tried.)
+
+
+<pre>
+ function gettable_event (table, key)
+ local h
+ if type(table) == "table" then
+ local v = rawget(table, key)
+ -- if key is present, return raw value
+ if v ~= nil then return v end
+ h = metatable(table).__index
+ if h == nil then return nil end
+ else
+ h = metatable(table).__index
+ if h == nil then
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ if type(h) == "function" then
+ return (h(table, key)) -- call the handler
+ else return h[key] -- or repeat operation on it
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"newindex": </b>
+The indexing assignment <code>table[key] = value</code>.
+Note that the metamethod is tried only
+when <code>key</code> is not present in <code>table</code>.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function settable_event (table, key, value)
+ local h
+ if type(table) == "table" then
+ local v = rawget(table, key)
+ -- if key is present, do raw assignment
+ if v ~= nil then rawset(table, key, value); return end
+ h = metatable(table).__newindex
+ if h == nil then rawset(table, key, value); return end
+ else
+ h = metatable(table).__newindex
+ if h == nil then
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ if type(h) == "function" then
+ h(table, key,value) -- call the handler
+ else h[key] = value -- or repeat operation on it
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"call": </b>
+called when Lua calls a value.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function function_event (func, ...)
+ if type(func) == "function" then
+ return func(...) -- primitive call
+ else
+ local h = metatable(func).__call
+ if h then
+ return h(func, ...)
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.5 – <a name="2.5">Garbage Collection</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua performs automatic memory management.
+This means that
+you have to worry neither about allocating memory for new objects
+nor about freeing it when the objects are no longer needed.
+Lua manages memory automatically by running
+a <em>garbage collector</em> to collect all <em>dead objects</em>
+(that is, objects that are no longer accessible from Lua).
+All memory used by Lua is subject to automatic management:
+strings, tables, userdata, functions, threads, internal structures, etc.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua implements an incremental mark-and-sweep collector.
+It uses two numbers to control its garbage-collection cycles:
+the <em>garbage-collector pause</em> and
+the <em>garbage-collector step multiplier</em>.
+Both use percentage points as units
+(e.g., a value of 100 means an internal value of 1).
+
+
+<p>
+The garbage-collector pause
+controls how long the collector waits before starting a new cycle.
+Larger values make the collector less aggressive.
+Values smaller than 100 mean the collector will not wait to
+start a new cycle.
+A value of 200 means that the collector waits for the total memory in use
+to double before starting a new cycle.
+
+
+<p>
+The garbage-collector step multiplier
+controls the relative speed of the collector relative to
+memory allocation.
+Larger values make the collector more aggressive but also increase
+the size of each incremental step.
+Values smaller than 100 make the collector too slow and
+can result in the collector never finishing a cycle.
+The default is 200,
+which means that the collector runs at "twice"
+the speed of memory allocation.
+
+
+<p>
+If you set the step multiplier to a very large number
+(larger than 10% of the maximum number of
+bytes that the program may use),
+the collector behaves like a stop-the-world collector.
+If you then set the pause to 200,
+the collector behaves as in old Lua versions,
+doing a complete collection every time Lua doubles its
+memory usage.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change these numbers by calling <a href="#lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a> in C
+or <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a> in Lua.
+You can also use these functions to control
+the collector directly (e.g., stop and restart it).
+
+
+<p>
+As an experimental feature in Lua 5.2,
+you can change the collector's operation mode
+from incremental to <em>generational</em>.
+A <em>generational collector</em> assumes that most objects die young,
+and therefore it traverses only young (recently created) objects.
+This behavior can reduce the time used by the collector,
+but also increases memory usage (as old dead objects may accumulate).
+To mitigate this second problem,
+from time to time the generational collector performs a full collection.
+Remember that this is an experimental feature;
+you are welcome to try it,
+but check your gains.
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.1 – <a name="2.5.1">Garbage-Collection Metamethods</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+You can set garbage-collector metamethods for tables
+and, using the C API,
+for full userdata (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+These metamethods are also called <em>finalizers</em>.
+Finalizers allow you to coordinate Lua's garbage collection
+with external resource management
+(such as closing files, network or database connections,
+or freeing your own memory).
+
+
+<p>
+For an object (table or userdata) to be finalized when collected,
+you must <em>mark</em> it for finalization.
+
+You mark an object for finalization when you set its metatable
+and the metatable has a field indexed by the string "<code>__gc</code>".
+Note that if you set a metatable without a <code>__gc</code> field
+and later create that field in the metatable,
+the object will not be marked for finalization.
+However, after an object is marked,
+you can freely change the <code>__gc</code> field of its metatable.
+
+
+<p>
+When a marked object becomes garbage,
+it is not collected immediately by the garbage collector.
+Instead, Lua puts it in a list.
+After the collection,
+Lua does the equivalent of the following function
+for each object in that list:
+
+<pre>
+ function gc_event (obj)
+ local h = metatable(obj).__gc
+ if type(h) == "function" then
+ h(obj)
+ end
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+At the end of each garbage-collection cycle,
+the finalizers for objects are called in
+the reverse order that they were marked for collection,
+among those collected in that cycle;
+that is, the first finalizer to be called is the one associated
+with the object marked last in the program.
+The execution of each finalizer may occur at any point during
+the execution of the regular code.
+
+
+<p>
+Because the object being collected must still be used by the finalizer,
+it (and other objects accessible only through it)
+must be <em>resurrected</em> by Lua.
+Usually, this resurrection is transient,
+and the object memory is freed in the next garbage-collection cycle.
+However, if the finalizer stores the object in some global place
+(e.g., a global variable),
+then there is a permanent resurrection.
+In any case,
+the object memory is freed only when it becomes completely inaccessible;
+its finalizer will never be called twice.
+
+
+<p>
+When you close a state (see <a href="#lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a>),
+Lua calls the finalizers of all objects marked for finalization,
+following the reverse order that they were marked.
+If any finalizer marks new objects for collection during that phase,
+these new objects will not be finalized.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.2 – <a name="2.5.2">Weak Tables</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+A <em>weak table</em> is a table whose elements are
+<em>weak references</em>.
+A weak reference is ignored by the garbage collector.
+In other words,
+if the only references to an object are weak references,
+then the garbage collector will collect that object.
+
+
+<p>
+A weak table can have weak keys, weak values, or both.
+A table with weak keys allows the collection of its keys,
+but prevents the collection of its values.
+A table with both weak keys and weak values allows the collection of
+both keys and values.
+In any case, if either the key or the value is collected,
+the whole pair is removed from the table.
+The weakness of a table is controlled by the
+<code>__mode</code> field of its metatable.
+If the <code>__mode</code> field is a string containing the character '<code>k</code>',
+the keys in the table are weak.
+If <code>__mode</code> contains '<code>v</code>',
+the values in the table are weak.
+
+
+<p>
+A table with weak keys and strong values
+is also called an <em>ephemeron table</em>.
+In an ephemeron table,
+a value is considered reachable only if its key is reachable.
+In particular,
+if the only reference to a key comes through its value,
+the pair is removed.
+
+
+<p>
+Any change in the weakness of a table may take effect only
+at the next collect cycle.
+In particular, if you change the weakness to a stronger mode,
+Lua may still collect some items from that table
+before the change takes effect.
+
+
+<p>
+Only objects that have an explicit construction
+are removed from weak tables.
+Values, such as numbers and light C functions,
+are not subject to garbage collection,
+and therefore are not removed from weak tables
+(unless its associated value is collected).
+Although strings are subject to garbage collection,
+they do not have an explicit construction,
+and therefore are not removed from weak tables.
+
+
+<p>
+Resurrected objects
+(that is, objects being finalized
+and objects accessible only through objects being finalized)
+have a special behavior in weak tables.
+They are removed from weak values before running their finalizers,
+but are removed from weak keys only in the next collection
+after running their finalizers, when such objects are actually freed.
+This behavior allows the finalizer to access properties
+associated with the object through weak tables.
+
+
+<p>
+If a weak table is among the resurrected objects in a collection cycle,
+it may not be properly cleared until the next cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.6 – <a name="2.6">Coroutines</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua supports coroutines,
+also called <em>collaborative multithreading</em>.
+A coroutine in Lua represents an independent thread of execution.
+Unlike threads in multithread systems, however,
+a coroutine only suspends its execution by explicitly calling
+a yield function.
+
+
+<p>
+You create a coroutine by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>.
+Its sole argument is a function
+that is the main function of the coroutine.
+The <code>create</code> function only creates a new coroutine and
+returns a handle to it (an object of type <em>thread</em>);
+it does not start the coroutine.
+
+
+<p>
+You execute a coroutine by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+When you first call <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+passing as its first argument
+a thread returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>,
+the coroutine starts its execution,
+at the first line of its main function.
+Extra arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> are passed on
+to the coroutine main function.
+After the coroutine starts running,
+it runs until it terminates or <em>yields</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine can terminate its execution in two ways:
+normally, when its main function returns
+(explicitly or implicitly, after the last instruction);
+and abnormally, if there is an unprotected error.
+In the first case, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>true</b>,
+plus any values returned by the coroutine main function.
+In case of errors, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>false</b>
+plus an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine yields by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>.
+When a coroutine yields,
+the corresponding <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns immediately,
+even if the yield happens inside nested function calls
+(that is, not in the main function,
+but in a function directly or indirectly called by the main function).
+In the case of a yield, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> also returns <b>true</b>,
+plus any values passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>.
+The next time you resume the same coroutine,
+it continues its execution from the point where it yielded,
+with the call to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a> returning any extra
+arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Like <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>,
+the <a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> function also creates a coroutine,
+but instead of returning the coroutine itself,
+it returns a function that, when called, resumes the coroutine.
+Any arguments passed to this function
+go as extra arguments to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> returns all the values returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+except the first one (the boolean error code).
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> does not catch errors;
+any error is propagated to the caller.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example of how coroutines work,
+consider the following code:
+
+<pre>
+ function foo (a)
+ print("foo", a)
+ return coroutine.yield(2*a)
+ end
+
+ co = coroutine.create(function (a,b)
+ print("co-body", a, b)
+ local r = foo(a+1)
+ print("co-body", r)
+ local r, s = coroutine.yield(a+b, a-b)
+ print("co-body", r, s)
+ return b, "end"
+ end)
+
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, 1, 10))
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "r"))
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y"))
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y"))
+</pre><p>
+When you run it, it produces the following output:
+
+<pre>
+ co-body 1 10
+ foo 2
+ main true 4
+ co-body r
+ main true 11 -9
+ co-body x y
+ main true 10 end
+ main false cannot resume dead coroutine
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+You can also create and manipulate coroutines through the C API:
+see functions <a href="#lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a>, <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>,
+and <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>3 – <a name="3">The Language</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+This section describes the lexis, the syntax, and the semantics of Lua.
+In other words,
+this section describes
+which tokens are valid,
+how they can be combined,
+and what their combinations mean.
+
+
+<p>
+Language constructs will be explained using the usual extended BNF notation,
+in which
+{<em>a</em>} means 0 or more <em>a</em>'s, and
+[<em>a</em>] means an optional <em>a</em>.
+Non-terminals are shown like non-terminal,
+keywords are shown like <b>kword</b>,
+and other terminal symbols are shown like ‘<b>=</b>’.
+The complete syntax of Lua can be found in <a href="#9">§9</a>
+at the end of this manual.
+
+
+
+<h2>3.1 – <a name="3.1">Lexical Conventions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a free-form language.
+It ignores spaces (including new lines) and comments
+between lexical elements (tokens),
+except as delimiters between names and keywords.
+
+
+<p>
+<em>Names</em>
+(also called <em>identifiers</em>)
+in Lua can be any string of letters,
+digits, and underscores,
+not beginning with a digit.
+Identifiers are used to name variables, table fields, and labels.
+
+
+<p>
+The following <em>keywords</em> are reserved
+and cannot be used as names:
+
+
+<pre>
+ and break do else elseif end
+ false for function goto if in
+ local nil not or repeat return
+ then true until while
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a case-sensitive language:
+<code>and</code> is a reserved word, but <code>And</code> and <code>AND</code>
+are two different, valid names.
+As a convention, names starting with an underscore followed by
+uppercase letters (such as <a href="#pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a>)
+are reserved for variables used by Lua.
+
+
+<p>
+The following strings denote other tokens:
+
+<pre>
+ + - * / % ^ #
+ == ~= <= >= < > =
+ ( ) { } [ ] ::
+ ; : , . .. ...
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<em>Literal strings</em>
+can be delimited by matching single or double quotes,
+and can contain the following C-like escape sequences:
+'<code>\a</code>' (bell),
+'<code>\b</code>' (backspace),
+'<code>\f</code>' (form feed),
+'<code>\n</code>' (newline),
+'<code>\r</code>' (carriage return),
+'<code>\t</code>' (horizontal tab),
+'<code>\v</code>' (vertical tab),
+'<code>\\</code>' (backslash),
+'<code>\"</code>' (quotation mark [double quote]),
+and '<code>\'</code>' (apostrophe [single quote]).
+A backslash followed by a real newline
+results in a newline in the string.
+The escape sequence '<code>\z</code>' skips the following span
+of white-space characters,
+including line breaks;
+it is particularly useful to break and indent a long literal string
+into multiple lines without adding the newlines and spaces
+into the string contents.
+
+
+<p>
+A byte in a literal string can also be specified by its numerical value.
+This can be done with the escape sequence <code>\x<em>XX</em></code>,
+where <em>XX</em> is a sequence of exactly two hexadecimal digits,
+or with the escape sequence <code>\<em>ddd</em></code>,
+where <em>ddd</em> is a sequence of up to three decimal digits.
+(Note that if a decimal escape is to be followed by a digit,
+it must be expressed using exactly three digits.)
+Strings in Lua can contain any 8-bit value, including embedded zeros,
+which can be specified as '<code>\0</code>'.
+
+
+<p>
+Literal strings can also be defined using a long format
+enclosed by <em>long brackets</em>.
+We define an <em>opening long bracket of level <em>n</em></em> as an opening
+square bracket followed by <em>n</em> equal signs followed by another
+opening square bracket.
+So, an opening long bracket of level 0 is written as <code>[[</code>,
+an opening long bracket of level 1 is written as <code>[=[</code>,
+and so on.
+A <em>closing long bracket</em> is defined similarly;
+for instance, a closing long bracket of level 4 is written as <code>]====]</code>.
+A <em>long literal</em> starts with an opening long bracket of any level and
+ends at the first closing long bracket of the same level.
+It can contain any text except a closing bracket of the proper level.
+Literals in this bracketed form can run for several lines,
+do not interpret any escape sequences,
+and ignore long brackets of any other level.
+Any kind of end-of-line sequence
+(carriage return, newline, carriage return followed by newline,
+or newline followed by carriage return)
+is converted to a simple newline.
+
+
+<p>
+Any byte in a literal string not
+explicitly affected by the previous rules represents itself.
+However, Lua opens files for parsing in text mode,
+and the system file functions may have problems with
+some control characters.
+So, it is safer to represent
+non-text data as a quoted literal with
+explicit escape sequences for non-text characters.
+
+
+<p>
+For convenience,
+when the opening long bracket is immediately followed by a newline,
+the newline is not included in the string.
+As an example, in a system using ASCII
+(in which '<code>a</code>' is coded as 97,
+newline is coded as 10, and '<code>1</code>' is coded as 49),
+the five literal strings below denote the same string:
+
+<pre>
+ a = 'alo\n123"'
+ a = "alo\n123\""
+ a = '\97lo\10\04923"'
+ a = [[alo
+ 123"]]
+ a = [==[
+ alo
+ 123"]==]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <em>numerical constant</em> can be written with an optional fractional part
+and an optional decimal exponent,
+marked by a letter '<code>e</code>' or '<code>E</code>'.
+Lua also accepts hexadecimal constants,
+which start with <code>0x</code> or <code>0X</code>.
+Hexadecimal constants also accept an optional fractional part
+plus an optional binary exponent,
+marked by a letter '<code>p</code>' or '<code>P</code>'.
+Examples of valid numerical constants are
+
+<pre>
+ 3 3.0 3.1416 314.16e-2 0.31416E1
+ 0xff 0x0.1E 0xA23p-4 0X1.921FB54442D18P+1
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <em>comment</em> starts with a double hyphen (<code>--</code>)
+anywhere outside a string.
+If the text immediately after <code>--</code> is not an opening long bracket,
+the comment is a <em>short comment</em>,
+which runs until the end of the line.
+Otherwise, it is a <em>long comment</em>,
+which runs until the corresponding closing long bracket.
+Long comments are frequently used to disable code temporarily.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.2 – <a name="3.2">Variables</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Variables are places that store values.
+There are three kinds of variables in Lua:
+global variables, local variables, and table fields.
+
+
+<p>
+A single name can denote a global variable or a local variable
+(or a function's formal parameter,
+which is a particular kind of local variable):
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= Name
+</pre><p>
+Name denotes identifiers, as defined in <a href="#3.1">§3.1</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Any variable name is assumed to be global unless explicitly declared
+as a local (see <a href="#3.3.7">§3.3.7</a>).
+Local variables are <em>lexically scoped</em>:
+local variables can be freely accessed by functions
+defined inside their scope (see <a href="#3.5">§3.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Before the first assignment to a variable, its value is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Square brackets are used to index a table:
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= prefixexp ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’
+</pre><p>
+The meaning of accesses to table fields can be changed via metatables.
+An access to an indexed variable <code>t[i]</code> is equivalent to
+a call <code>gettable_event(t,i)</code>.
+(See <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a> for a complete description of the
+<code>gettable_event</code> function.
+This function is not defined or callable in Lua.
+We use it here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+<p>
+The syntax <code>var.Name</code> is just syntactic sugar for
+<code>var["Name"]</code>:
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= prefixexp ‘<b>.</b>’ Name
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+An access to a global variable <code>x</code>
+is equivalent to <code>_ENV.x</code>.
+Due to the way that chunks are compiled,
+<code>_ENV</code> is never a global name (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.3 – <a name="3.3">Statements</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua supports an almost conventional set of statements,
+similar to those in Pascal or C.
+This set includes
+assignments, control structures, function calls,
+and variable declarations.
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.1 – <a name="3.3.1">Blocks</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+A block is a list of statements,
+which are executed sequentially:
+
+<pre>
+ block ::= {stat}
+</pre><p>
+Lua has <em>empty statements</em>
+that allow you to separate statements with semicolons,
+start a block with a semicolon
+or write two semicolons in sequence:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= ‘<b>;</b>’
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Function calls and assignments
+can start with an open parenthesis.
+This possibility leads to an ambiguity in Lua's grammar.
+Consider the following fragment:
+
+<pre>
+ a = b + c
+ (print or io.write)('done')
+</pre><p>
+The grammar could see it in two ways:
+
+<pre>
+ a = b + c(print or io.write)('done')
+
+ a = b + c; (print or io.write)('done')
+</pre><p>
+The current parser always sees such constructions
+in the first way,
+interpreting the open parenthesis
+as the start of the arguments to a call.
+To avoid this ambiguity,
+it is a good practice to always precede with a semicolon
+statements that start with a parenthesis:
+
+<pre>
+ ;(print or io.write)('done')
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A block can be explicitly delimited to produce a single statement:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+Explicit blocks are useful
+to control the scope of variable declarations.
+Explicit blocks are also sometimes used to
+add a <b>return</b> statement in the middle
+of another block (see <a href="#3.3.4">§3.3.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.2 – <a name="3.3.2">Chunks</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The unit of compilation of Lua is called a <em>chunk</em>.
+Syntactically,
+a chunk is simply a block:
+
+<pre>
+ chunk ::= block
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Lua handles a chunk as the body of an anonymous function
+with a variable number of arguments
+(see <a href="#3.4.10">§3.4.10</a>).
+As such, chunks can define local variables,
+receive arguments, and return values.
+Moreover, such anonymous function is compiled as in the
+scope of an external local variable called <code>_ENV</code> (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+The resulting function always has <code>_ENV</code> as its only upvalue,
+even if it does not use that variable.
+
+
+<p>
+A chunk can be stored in a file or in a string inside the host program.
+To execute a chunk,
+Lua first precompiles the chunk into instructions for a virtual machine,
+and then it executes the compiled code
+with an interpreter for the virtual machine.
+
+
+<p>
+Chunks can also be precompiled into binary form;
+see program <code>luac</code> for details.
+Programs in source and compiled forms are interchangeable;
+Lua automatically detects the file type and acts accordingly.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.3 – <a name="3.3.3">Assignment</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Lua allows multiple assignments.
+Therefore, the syntax for assignment
+defines a list of variables on the left side
+and a list of expressions on the right side.
+The elements in both lists are separated by commas:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= varlist ‘<b>=</b>’ explist
+ varlist ::= var {‘<b>,</b>’ var}
+ explist ::= exp {‘<b>,</b>’ exp}
+</pre><p>
+Expressions are discussed in <a href="#3.4">§3.4</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Before the assignment,
+the list of values is <em>adjusted</em> to the length of
+the list of variables.
+If there are more values than needed,
+the excess values are thrown away.
+If there are fewer values than needed,
+the list is extended with as many <b>nil</b>'s as needed.
+If the list of expressions ends with a function call,
+then all values returned by that call enter the list of values,
+before the adjustment
+(except when the call is enclosed in parentheses; see <a href="#3.4">§3.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The assignment statement first evaluates all its expressions
+and only then are the assignments performed.
+Thus the code
+
+<pre>
+ i = 3
+ i, a[i] = i+1, 20
+</pre><p>
+sets <code>a[3]</code> to 20, without affecting <code>a[4]</code>
+because the <code>i</code> in <code>a[i]</code> is evaluated (to 3)
+before it is assigned 4.
+Similarly, the line
+
+<pre>
+ x, y = y, x
+</pre><p>
+exchanges the values of <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>,
+and
+
+<pre>
+ x, y, z = y, z, x
+</pre><p>
+cyclically permutes the values of <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The meaning of assignments to global variables
+and table fields can be changed via metatables.
+An assignment to an indexed variable <code>t[i] = val</code> is equivalent to
+<code>settable_event(t,i,val)</code>.
+(See <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a> for a complete description of the
+<code>settable_event</code> function.
+This function is not defined or callable in Lua.
+We use it here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+<p>
+An assignment to a global variable <code>x = val</code>
+is equivalent to the assignment
+<code>_ENV.x = val</code> (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.4 – <a name="3.3.4">Control Structures</a></h3><p>
+The control structures
+<b>if</b>, <b>while</b>, and <b>repeat</b> have the usual meaning and
+familiar syntax:
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+ stat ::= <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp
+ stat ::= <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+Lua also has a <b>for</b> statement, in two flavors (see <a href="#3.3.5">§3.3.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The condition expression of a
+control structure can return any value.
+Both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> are considered false.
+All values different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> are considered true
+(in particular, the number 0 and the empty string are also true).
+
+
+<p>
+In the <b>repeat</b>–<b>until</b> loop,
+the inner block does not end at the <b>until</b> keyword,
+but only after the condition.
+So, the condition can refer to local variables
+declared inside the loop block.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>goto</b> statement transfers the program control to a label.
+For syntactical reasons,
+labels in Lua are considered statements too:
+
+
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>goto</b> Name
+ stat ::= label
+ label ::= ‘<b>::</b>’ Name ‘<b>::</b>’
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A label is visible in the entire block where it is defined,
+except
+inside nested blocks where a label with the same name is defined and
+inside nested functions.
+A goto may jump to any visible label as long as it does not
+enter into the scope of a local variable.
+
+
+<p>
+Labels and empty statements are called <em>void statements</em>,
+as they perform no actions.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>break</b> statement terminates the execution of a
+<b>while</b>, <b>repeat</b>, or <b>for</b> loop,
+skipping to the next statement after the loop:
+
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>break</b>
+</pre><p>
+A <b>break</b> ends the innermost enclosing loop.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>return</b> statement is used to return values
+from a function or a chunk (which is a function in disguise).
+
+Functions can return more than one value,
+so the syntax for the <b>return</b> statement is
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] [‘<b>;</b>’]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The <b>return</b> statement can only be written
+as the last statement of a block.
+If it is really necessary to <b>return</b> in the middle of a block,
+then an explicit inner block can be used,
+as in the idiom <code>do return end</code>,
+because now <b>return</b> is the last statement in its (inner) block.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.5 – <a name="3.3.5">For Statement</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+
+The <b>for</b> statement has two forms:
+one numeric and one generic.
+
+
+<p>
+The numeric <b>for</b> loop repeats a block of code while a
+control variable runs through an arithmetic progression.
+It has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>for</b> Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp ‘<b>,</b>’ exp [‘<b>,</b>’ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+The <em>block</em> is repeated for <em>name</em> starting at the value of
+the first <em>exp</em>, until it passes the second <em>exp</em> by steps of the
+third <em>exp</em>.
+More precisely, a <b>for</b> statement like
+
+<pre>
+ for v = <em>e1</em>, <em>e2</em>, <em>e3</em> do <em>block</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to the code:
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local <em>var</em>, <em>limit</em>, <em>step</em> = tonumber(<em>e1</em>), tonumber(<em>e2</em>), tonumber(<em>e3</em>)
+ if not (<em>var</em> and <em>limit</em> and <em>step</em>) then error() end
+ while (<em>step</em> > 0 and <em>var</em> <= <em>limit</em>) or (<em>step</em> <= 0 and <em>var</em> >= <em>limit</em>) do
+ local v = <em>var</em>
+ <em>block</em>
+ <em>var</em> = <em>var</em> + <em>step</em>
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note the following:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+All three control expressions are evaluated only once,
+before the loop starts.
+They must all result in numbers.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code><em>var</em></code>, <code><em>limit</em></code>, and <code><em>step</em></code> are invisible variables.
+The names shown here are for explanatory purposes only.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+If the third expression (the step) is absent,
+then a step of 1 is used.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The loop variable <code>v</code> is local to the loop;
+you cannot use its value after the <b>for</b> ends or is broken.
+If you need this value,
+assign it to another variable before breaking or exiting the loop.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+The generic <b>for</b> statement works over functions,
+called <em>iterators</em>.
+On each iteration, the iterator function is called to produce a new value,
+stopping when this new value is <b>nil</b>.
+The generic <b>for</b> loop has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+ namelist ::= Name {‘<b>,</b>’ Name}
+</pre><p>
+A <b>for</b> statement like
+
+<pre>
+ for <em>var_1</em>, ···, <em>var_n</em> in <em>explist</em> do <em>block</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to the code:
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local <em>f</em>, <em>s</em>, <em>var</em> = <em>explist</em>
+ while true do
+ local <em>var_1</em>, ···, <em>var_n</em> = <em>f</em>(<em>s</em>, <em>var</em>)
+ if <em>var_1</em> == nil then break end
+ <em>var</em> = <em>var_1</em>
+ <em>block</em>
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note the following:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+<code><em>explist</em></code> is evaluated only once.
+Its results are an <em>iterator</em> function,
+a <em>state</em>,
+and an initial value for the first <em>iterator variable</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code><em>f</em></code>, <code><em>s</em></code>, and <code><em>var</em></code> are invisible variables.
+The names are here for explanatory purposes only.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The loop variables <code><em>var_i</em></code> are local to the loop;
+you cannot use their values after the <b>for</b> ends.
+If you need these values,
+then assign them to other variables before breaking or exiting the loop.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.6 – <a name="3.3.6">Function Calls as Statements</a></h3><p>
+To allow possible side-effects,
+function calls can be executed as statements:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= functioncall
+</pre><p>
+In this case, all returned values are thrown away.
+Function calls are explained in <a href="#3.4.9">§3.4.9</a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.7 – <a name="3.3.7">Local Declarations</a></h3><p>
+Local variables can be declared anywhere inside a block.
+The declaration can include an initial assignment:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>local</b> namelist [‘<b>=</b>’ explist]
+</pre><p>
+If present, an initial assignment has the same semantics
+of a multiple assignment (see <a href="#3.3.3">§3.3.3</a>).
+Otherwise, all variables are initialized with <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+A chunk is also a block (see <a href="#3.3.2">§3.3.2</a>),
+and so local variables can be declared in a chunk outside any explicit block.
+
+
+<p>
+The visibility rules for local variables are explained in <a href="#3.5">§3.5</a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.4 – <a name="3.4">Expressions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The basic expressions in Lua are the following:
+
+<pre>
+ exp ::= prefixexp
+ exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b>
+ exp ::= Number
+ exp ::= String
+ exp ::= functiondef
+ exp ::= tableconstructor
+ exp ::= ‘<b>...</b>’
+ exp ::= exp binop exp
+ exp ::= unop exp
+ prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | ‘<b>(</b>’ exp ‘<b>)</b>’
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Numbers and literal strings are explained in <a href="#3.1">§3.1</a>;
+variables are explained in <a href="#3.2">§3.2</a>;
+function definitions are explained in <a href="#3.4.10">§3.4.10</a>;
+function calls are explained in <a href="#3.4.9">§3.4.9</a>;
+table constructors are explained in <a href="#3.4.8">§3.4.8</a>.
+Vararg expressions,
+denoted by three dots ('<code>...</code>'), can only be used when
+directly inside a vararg function;
+they are explained in <a href="#3.4.10">§3.4.10</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Binary operators comprise arithmetic operators (see <a href="#3.4.1">§3.4.1</a>),
+relational operators (see <a href="#3.4.3">§3.4.3</a>), logical operators (see <a href="#3.4.4">§3.4.4</a>),
+and the concatenation operator (see <a href="#3.4.5">§3.4.5</a>).
+Unary operators comprise the unary minus (see <a href="#3.4.1">§3.4.1</a>),
+the unary <b>not</b> (see <a href="#3.4.4">§3.4.4</a>),
+and the unary <em>length operator</em> (see <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Both function calls and vararg expressions can result in multiple values.
+If a function call is used as a statement (see <a href="#3.3.6">§3.3.6</a>),
+then its return list is adjusted to zero elements,
+thus discarding all returned values.
+If an expression is used as the last (or the only) element
+of a list of expressions,
+then no adjustment is made
+(unless the expression is enclosed in parentheses).
+In all other contexts,
+Lua adjusts the result list to one element,
+either discarding all values except the first one
+or adding a single <b>nil</b> if there are no values.
+
+
+<p>
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ f() -- adjusted to 0 results
+ g(f(), x) -- f() is adjusted to 1 result
+ g(x, f()) -- g gets x plus all results from f()
+ a,b,c = f(), x -- f() is adjusted to 1 result (c gets nil)
+ a,b = ... -- a gets the first vararg parameter, b gets
+ -- the second (both a and b can get nil if there
+ -- is no corresponding vararg parameter)
+
+ a,b,c = x, f() -- f() is adjusted to 2 results
+ a,b,c = f() -- f() is adjusted to 3 results
+ return f() -- returns all results from f()
+ return ... -- returns all received vararg parameters
+ return x,y,f() -- returns x, y, and all results from f()
+ {f()} -- creates a list with all results from f()
+ {...} -- creates a list with all vararg parameters
+ {f(), nil} -- f() is adjusted to 1 result
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Any expression enclosed in parentheses always results in only one value.
+Thus,
+<code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is always a single value,
+even if <code>f</code> returns several values.
+(The value of <code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is the first value returned by <code>f</code>
+or <b>nil</b> if <code>f</code> does not return any values.)
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.1 – <a name="3.4.1">Arithmetic Operators</a></h3><p>
+Lua supports the usual arithmetic operators:
+the binary <code>+</code> (addition),
+<code>-</code> (subtraction), <code>*</code> (multiplication),
+<code>/</code> (division), <code>%</code> (modulo), and <code>^</code> (exponentiation);
+and unary <code>-</code> (mathematical negation).
+If the operands are numbers, or strings that can be converted to
+numbers (see <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>),
+then all operations have the usual meaning.
+Exponentiation works for any exponent.
+For instance, <code>x^(-0.5)</code> computes the inverse of the square root of <code>x</code>.
+Modulo is defined as
+
+<pre>
+ a % b == a - math.floor(a/b)*b
+</pre><p>
+That is, it is the remainder of a division that rounds
+the quotient towards minus infinity.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.2 – <a name="3.4.2">Coercion</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Lua provides automatic conversion between
+string and number values at run time.
+Any arithmetic operation applied to a string tries to convert
+this string to a number, following the rules of the Lua lexer.
+(The string may have leading and trailing spaces and a sign.)
+Conversely, whenever a number is used where a string is expected,
+the number is converted to a string, in a reasonable format.
+For complete control over how numbers are converted to strings,
+use the <code>format</code> function from the string library
+(see <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.3 – <a name="3.4.3">Relational Operators</a></h3><p>
+The relational operators in Lua are
+
+<pre>
+ == ~= < > <= >=
+</pre><p>
+These operators always result in <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Equality (<code>==</code>) first compares the type of its operands.
+If the types are different, then the result is <b>false</b>.
+Otherwise, the values of the operands are compared.
+Numbers and strings are compared in the usual way.
+Tables, userdata, and threads
+are compared by reference:
+two objects are considered equal only if they are the same object.
+Every time you create a new object
+(a table, userdata, or thread),
+this new object is different from any previously existing object.
+Closures with the same reference are always equal.
+Closures with any detectable difference
+(different behavior, different definition) are always different.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change the way that Lua compares tables and userdata
+by using the "eq" metamethod (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The conversion rules of <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>
+do not apply to equality comparisons.
+Thus, <code>"0"==0</code> evaluates to <b>false</b>,
+and <code>t[0]</code> and <code>t["0"]</code> denote different
+entries in a table.
+
+
+<p>
+The operator <code>~=</code> is exactly the negation of equality (<code>==</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The order operators work as follows.
+If both arguments are numbers, then they are compared as such.
+Otherwise, if both arguments are strings,
+then their values are compared according to the current locale.
+Otherwise, Lua tries to call the "lt" or the "le"
+metamethod (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+A comparison <code>a > b</code> is translated to <code>b < a</code>
+and <code>a >= b</code> is translated to <code>b <= a</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.4 – <a name="3.4.4">Logical Operators</a></h3><p>
+The logical operators in Lua are
+<b>and</b>, <b>or</b>, and <b>not</b>.
+Like the control structures (see <a href="#3.3.4">§3.3.4</a>),
+all logical operators consider both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> as false
+and anything else as true.
+
+
+<p>
+The negation operator <b>not</b> always returns <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>.
+The conjunction operator <b>and</b> returns its first argument
+if this value is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>;
+otherwise, <b>and</b> returns its second argument.
+The disjunction operator <b>or</b> returns its first argument
+if this value is different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b>;
+otherwise, <b>or</b> returns its second argument.
+Both <b>and</b> and <b>or</b> use short-cut evaluation;
+that is,
+the second operand is evaluated only if necessary.
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ 10 or 20 --> 10
+ 10 or error() --> 10
+ nil or "a" --> "a"
+ nil and 10 --> nil
+ false and error() --> false
+ false and nil --> false
+ false or nil --> nil
+ 10 and 20 --> 20
+</pre><p>
+(In this manual,
+<code>--></code> indicates the result of the preceding expression.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.5 – <a name="3.4.5">Concatenation</a></h3><p>
+The string concatenation operator in Lua is
+denoted by two dots ('<code>..</code>').
+If both operands are strings or numbers, then they are converted to
+strings according to the rules mentioned in <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>.
+Otherwise, the <code>__concat</code> metamethod is called (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.6 – <a name="3.4.6">The Length Operator</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The length operator is denoted by the unary prefix operator <code>#</code>.
+The length of a string is its number of bytes
+(that is, the usual meaning of string length when each
+character is one byte).
+
+
+<p>
+A program can modify the behavior of the length operator for
+any value but strings through the <code>__len</code> metamethod (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Unless a <code>__len</code> metamethod is given,
+the length of a table <code>t</code> is only defined if the
+table is a <em>sequence</em>,
+that is,
+the set of its positive numeric keys is equal to <em>{1..n}</em>
+for some integer <em>n</em>.
+In that case, <em>n</em> is its length.
+Note that a table like
+
+<pre>
+ {10, 20, nil, 40}
+</pre><p>
+is not a sequence, because it has the key <code>4</code>
+but does not have the key <code>3</code>.
+(So, there is no <em>n</em> such that the set <em>{1..n}</em> is equal
+to the set of positive numeric keys of that table.)
+Note, however, that non-numeric keys do not interfere
+with whether a table is a sequence.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.7 – <a name="3.4.7">Precedence</a></h3><p>
+Operator precedence in Lua follows the table below,
+from lower to higher priority:
+
+<pre>
+ or
+ and
+ < > <= >= ~= ==
+ ..
+ + -
+ * / %
+ not # - (unary)
+ ^
+</pre><p>
+As usual,
+you can use parentheses to change the precedences of an expression.
+The concatenation ('<code>..</code>') and exponentiation ('<code>^</code>')
+operators are right associative.
+All other binary operators are left associative.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.8 – <a name="3.4.8">Table Constructors</a></h3><p>
+Table constructors are expressions that create tables.
+Every time a constructor is evaluated, a new table is created.
+A constructor can be used to create an empty table
+or to create a table and initialize some of its fields.
+The general syntax for constructors is
+
+<pre>
+ tableconstructor ::= ‘<b>{</b>’ [fieldlist] ‘<b>}</b>’
+ fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]
+ field ::= ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’ ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | exp
+ fieldsep ::= ‘<b>,</b>’ | ‘<b>;</b>’
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Each field of the form <code>[exp1] = exp2</code> adds to the new table an entry
+with key <code>exp1</code> and value <code>exp2</code>.
+A field of the form <code>name = exp</code> is equivalent to
+<code>["name"] = exp</code>.
+Finally, fields of the form <code>exp</code> are equivalent to
+<code>[i] = exp</code>, where <code>i</code> are consecutive numerical integers,
+starting with 1.
+Fields in the other formats do not affect this counting.
+For example,
+
+<pre>
+ a = { [f(1)] = g; "x", "y"; x = 1, f(x), [30] = 23; 45 }
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local t = {}
+ t[f(1)] = g
+ t[1] = "x" -- 1st exp
+ t[2] = "y" -- 2nd exp
+ t.x = 1 -- t["x"] = 1
+ t[3] = f(x) -- 3rd exp
+ t[30] = 23
+ t[4] = 45 -- 4th exp
+ a = t
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the last field in the list has the form <code>exp</code>
+and the expression is a function call or a vararg expression,
+then all values returned by this expression enter the list consecutively
+(see <a href="#3.4.9">§3.4.9</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The field list can have an optional trailing separator,
+as a convenience for machine-generated code.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.9 – <a name="3.4.9">Function Calls</a></h3><p>
+A function call in Lua has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp args
+</pre><p>
+In a function call,
+first prefixexp and args are evaluated.
+If the value of prefixexp has type <em>function</em>,
+then this function is called
+with the given arguments.
+Otherwise, the prefixexp "call" metamethod is called,
+having as first parameter the value of prefixexp,
+followed by the original call arguments
+(see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The form
+
+<pre>
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp ‘<b>:</b>’ Name args
+</pre><p>
+can be used to call "methods".
+A call <code>v:name(<em>args</em>)</code>
+is syntactic sugar for <code>v.name(v,<em>args</em>)</code>,
+except that <code>v</code> is evaluated only once.
+
+
+<p>
+Arguments have the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ args ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [explist] ‘<b>)</b>’
+ args ::= tableconstructor
+ args ::= String
+</pre><p>
+All argument expressions are evaluated before the call.
+A call of the form <code>f{<em>fields</em>}</code> is
+syntactic sugar for <code>f({<em>fields</em>})</code>;
+that is, the argument list is a single new table.
+A call of the form <code>f'<em>string</em>'</code>
+(or <code>f"<em>string</em>"</code> or <code>f[[<em>string</em>]]</code>)
+is syntactic sugar for <code>f('<em>string</em>')</code>;
+that is, the argument list is a single literal string.
+
+
+<p>
+A call of the form <code>return <em>functioncall</em></code> is called
+a <em>tail call</em>.
+Lua implements <em>proper tail calls</em>
+(or <em>proper tail recursion</em>):
+in a tail call,
+the called function reuses the stack entry of the calling function.
+Therefore, there is no limit on the number of nested tail calls that
+a program can execute.
+However, a tail call erases any debug information about the
+calling function.
+Note that a tail call only happens with a particular syntax,
+where the <b>return</b> has one single function call as argument;
+this syntax makes the calling function return exactly
+the returns of the called function.
+So, none of the following examples are tail calls:
+
+<pre>
+ return (f(x)) -- results adjusted to 1
+ return 2 * f(x)
+ return x, f(x) -- additional results
+ f(x); return -- results discarded
+ return x or f(x) -- results adjusted to 1
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.10 – <a name="3.4.10">Function Definitions</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The syntax for function definition is
+
+<pre>
+ functiondef ::= <b>function</b> funcbody
+ funcbody ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [parlist] ‘<b>)</b>’ block <b>end</b>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The following syntactic sugar simplifies function definitions:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>function</b> funcname funcbody
+ stat ::= <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody
+ funcname ::= Name {‘<b>.</b>’ Name} [‘<b>:</b>’ Name]
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ function f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ function t.a.b.c.f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ t.a.b.c.f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ local function f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ local f; f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+not to
+
+<pre>
+ local f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+(This only makes a difference when the body of the function
+contains references to <code>f</code>.)
+
+
+<p>
+A function definition is an executable expression,
+whose value has type <em>function</em>.
+When Lua precompiles a chunk,
+all its function bodies are precompiled too.
+Then, whenever Lua executes the function definition,
+the function is <em>instantiated</em> (or <em>closed</em>).
+This function instance (or <em>closure</em>)
+is the final value of the expression.
+
+
+<p>
+Parameters act as local variables that are
+initialized with the argument values:
+
+<pre>
+ parlist ::= namelist [‘<b>,</b>’ ‘<b>...</b>’] | ‘<b>...</b>’
+</pre><p>
+When a function is called,
+the list of arguments is adjusted to
+the length of the list of parameters,
+unless the function is a <em>vararg function</em>,
+which is indicated by three dots ('<code>...</code>')
+at the end of its parameter list.
+A vararg function does not adjust its argument list;
+instead, it collects all extra arguments and supplies them
+to the function through a <em>vararg expression</em>,
+which is also written as three dots.
+The value of this expression is a list of all actual extra arguments,
+similar to a function with multiple results.
+If a vararg expression is used inside another expression
+or in the middle of a list of expressions,
+then its return list is adjusted to one element.
+If the expression is used as the last element of a list of expressions,
+then no adjustment is made
+(unless that last expression is enclosed in parentheses).
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, consider the following definitions:
+
+<pre>
+ function f(a, b) end
+ function g(a, b, ...) end
+ function r() return 1,2,3 end
+</pre><p>
+Then, we have the following mapping from arguments to parameters and
+to the vararg expression:
+
+<pre>
+ CALL PARAMETERS
+
+ f(3) a=3, b=nil
+ f(3, 4) a=3, b=4
+ f(3, 4, 5) a=3, b=4
+ f(r(), 10) a=1, b=10
+ f(r()) a=1, b=2
+
+ g(3) a=3, b=nil, ... --> (nothing)
+ g(3, 4) a=3, b=4, ... --> (nothing)
+ g(3, 4, 5, 8) a=3, b=4, ... --> 5 8
+ g(5, r()) a=5, b=1, ... --> 2 3
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Results are returned using the <b>return</b> statement (see <a href="#3.3.4">§3.3.4</a>).
+If control reaches the end of a function
+without encountering a <b>return</b> statement,
+then the function returns with no results.
+
+
+<p>
+
+There is a system-dependent limit on the number of values
+that a function may return.
+This limit is guaranteed to be larger than 1000.
+
+
+<p>
+The <em>colon</em> syntax
+is used for defining <em>methods</em>,
+that is, functions that have an implicit extra parameter <code>self</code>.
+Thus, the statement
+
+<pre>
+ function t.a.b.c:f (<em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is syntactic sugar for
+
+<pre>
+ t.a.b.c.f = function (self, <em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.5 – <a name="3.5">Visibility Rules</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+
+Lua is a lexically scoped language.
+The scope of a local variable begins at the first statement after
+its declaration and lasts until the last non-void statement
+of the innermost block that includes the declaration.
+Consider the following example:
+
+<pre>
+ x = 10 -- global variable
+ do -- new block
+ local x = x -- new 'x', with value 10
+ print(x) --> 10
+ x = x+1
+ do -- another block
+ local x = x+1 -- another 'x'
+ print(x) --> 12
+ end
+ print(x) --> 11
+ end
+ print(x) --> 10 (the global one)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Notice that, in a declaration like <code>local x = x</code>,
+the new <code>x</code> being declared is not in scope yet,
+and so the second <code>x</code> refers to the outside variable.
+
+
+<p>
+Because of the lexical scoping rules,
+local variables can be freely accessed by functions
+defined inside their scope.
+A local variable used by an inner function is called
+an <em>upvalue</em>, or <em>external local variable</em>,
+inside the inner function.
+
+
+<p>
+Notice that each execution of a <b>local</b> statement
+defines new local variables.
+Consider the following example:
+
+<pre>
+ a = {}
+ local x = 20
+ for i=1,10 do
+ local y = 0
+ a[i] = function () y=y+1; return x+y end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+The loop creates ten closures
+(that is, ten instances of the anonymous function).
+Each of these closures uses a different <code>y</code> variable,
+while all of them share the same <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>4 – <a name="4">The Application Program Interface</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+
+This section describes the C API for Lua, that is,
+the set of C functions available to the host program to communicate
+with Lua.
+All API functions and related types and constants
+are declared in the header file <a name="pdf-lua.h"><code>lua.h</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Even when we use the term "function",
+any facility in the API may be provided as a macro instead.
+Except where stated otherwise,
+all such macros use each of their arguments exactly once
+(except for the first argument, which is always a Lua state),
+and so do not generate any hidden side-effects.
+
+
+<p>
+As in most C libraries,
+the Lua API functions do not check their arguments for validity or consistency.
+However, you can change this behavior by compiling Lua
+with the macro <a name="pdf-LUA_USE_APICHECK"><code>LUA_USE_APICHECK</code></a> defined.
+
+
+
+<h2>4.1 – <a name="4.1">The Stack</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua uses a <em>virtual stack</em> to pass values to and from C.
+Each element in this stack represents a Lua value
+(<b>nil</b>, number, string, etc.).
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever Lua calls C, the called function gets a new stack,
+which is independent of previous stacks and of stacks of
+C functions that are still active.
+This stack initially contains any arguments to the C function
+and it is where the C function pushes its results
+to be returned to the caller (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+For convenience,
+most query operations in the API do not follow a strict stack discipline.
+Instead, they can refer to any element in the stack
+by using an <em>index</em>:
+A positive index represents an absolute stack position
+(starting at 1);
+a negative index represents an offset relative to the top of the stack.
+More specifically, if the stack has <em>n</em> elements,
+then index 1 represents the first element
+(that is, the element that was pushed onto the stack first)
+and
+index <em>n</em> represents the last element;
+index -1 also represents the last element
+(that is, the element at the top)
+and index <em>-n</em> represents the first element.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.2 – <a name="4.2">Stack Size</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+When you interact with the Lua API,
+you are responsible for ensuring consistency.
+In particular,
+<em>you are responsible for controlling stack overflow</em>.
+You can use the function <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>
+to ensure that the stack has extra slots when pushing new elements.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever Lua calls C,
+it ensures that the stack has at least <a name="pdf-LUA_MINSTACK"><code>LUA_MINSTACK</code></a> extra slots.
+<code>LUA_MINSTACK</code> is defined as 20,
+so that usually you do not have to worry about stack space
+unless your code has loops pushing elements onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+When you call a Lua function
+without a fixed number of results (see <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>),
+Lua ensures that the stack has enough size for all results,
+but it does not ensure any extra space.
+So, before pushing anything in the stack after such a call
+you should use <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.3 – <a name="4.3">Valid and Acceptable Indices</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Any function in the API that receives stack indices
+works only with <em>valid indices</em> or <em>acceptable indices</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A <em>valid index</em> is an index that refers to a
+real position within the stack, that is,
+its position lies between 1 and the stack top
+(<code>1 ≤ abs(index) ≤ top</code>).
+
+Usually, functions that can modify the value at an index
+require valid indices.
+
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise noted,
+any function that accepts valid indices also accepts <em>pseudo-indices</em>,
+which represent some Lua values that are accessible to C code
+but which are not in the stack.
+Pseudo-indices are used to access the registry
+and the upvalues of a C function (see <a href="#4.4">§4.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Functions that do not need a specific stack position,
+but only a value in the stack (e.g., query functions),
+can be called with acceptable indices.
+An <em>acceptable index</em> can be any valid index,
+including the pseudo-indices,
+but it also can be any positive index after the stack top
+within the space allocated for the stack,
+that is, indices up to the stack size.
+(Note that 0 is never an acceptable index.)
+Except when noted otherwise,
+functions in the API work with acceptable indices.
+
+
+<p>
+Acceptable indices serve to avoid extra tests
+against the stack top when querying the stack.
+For instance, a C function can query its third argument
+without the need to first check whether there is a third argument,
+that is, without the need to check whether 3 is a valid index.
+
+
+<p>
+For functions that can be called with acceptable indices,
+any non-valid index is treated as if it
+contains a value of a virtual type <a name="pdf-LUA_TNONE"><code>LUA_TNONE</code></a>,
+which behaves like a nil value.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.4 – <a name="4.4">C Closures</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+When a C function is created,
+it is possible to associate some values with it,
+thus creating a <em>C closure</em>
+(see <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>);
+these values are called <em>upvalues</em> and are
+accessible to the function whenever it is called.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a C function is called,
+its upvalues are located at specific pseudo-indices.
+These pseudo-indices are produced by the macro
+<a href="#lua_upvalueindex"><code>lua_upvalueindex</code></a>.
+The first value associated with a function is at position
+<code>lua_upvalueindex(1)</code>, and so on.
+Any access to <code>lua_upvalueindex(<em>n</em>)</code>,
+where <em>n</em> is greater than the number of upvalues of the
+current function (but not greater than 256),
+produces an acceptable but invalid index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.5 – <a name="4.5">Registry</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua provides a <em>registry</em>,
+a predefined table that can be used by any C code to
+store whatever Lua values it needs to store.
+The registry table is always located at pseudo-index
+<a name="pdf-LUA_REGISTRYINDEX"><code>LUA_REGISTRYINDEX</code></a>,
+which is a valid index.
+Any C library can store data into this table,
+but it should take care to choose keys
+that are different from those used
+by other libraries, to avoid collisions.
+Typically, you should use as key a string containing your library name,
+or a light userdata with the address of a C object in your code,
+or any Lua object created by your code.
+As with global names,
+string keys starting with an underscore followed by
+uppercase letters are reserved for Lua.
+
+
+<p>
+The integer keys in the registry are used by the reference mechanism,
+implemented by the auxiliary library,
+and by some predefined values.
+Therefore, integer keys should not be used for other purposes.
+
+
+<p>
+When you create a new Lua state,
+its registry comes with some predefined values.
+These predefined values are indexed with integer keys
+defined as constants in <code>lua.h</code>.
+The following constants are defined:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD"><code>LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD</code></a>: </b> At this index the registry has
+the main thread of the state.
+(The main thread is the one created together with the state.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS"><code>LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS</code></a>: </b> At this index the registry has
+the global environment.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.6 – <a name="4.6">Error Handling in C</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Internally, Lua uses the C <code>longjmp</code> facility to handle errors.
+(You can also choose to use exceptions if you compile Lua as C++;
+search for <code>LUAI_THROW</code> in the source code.)
+When Lua faces any error
+(such as a memory allocation error, type errors, syntax errors,
+and runtime errors)
+it <em>raises</em> an error;
+that is, it does a long jump.
+A <em>protected environment</em> uses <code>setjmp</code>
+to set a recovery point;
+any error jumps to the most recent active recovery point.
+
+
+<p>
+If an error happens outside any protected environment,
+Lua calls a <em>panic function</em> (see <a href="#lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a>)
+and then calls <code>abort</code>,
+thus exiting the host application.
+Your panic function can avoid this exit by
+never returning
+(e.g., doing a long jump to your own recovery point outside Lua).
+
+
+<p>
+The panic function runs as if it were a message handler (see <a href="#2.3">§2.3</a>);
+in particular, the error message is at the top of the stack.
+However, there is no guarantees about stack space.
+To push anything on the stack,
+the panic function should first check the available space (see <a href="#4.2">§4.2</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Most functions in the API can throw an error,
+for instance due to a memory allocation error.
+The documentation for each function indicates whether
+it can throw errors.
+
+
+<p>
+Inside a C function you can throw an error by calling <a href="#lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.7 – <a name="4.7">Handling Yields in C</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Internally, Lua uses the C <code>longjmp</code> facility to yield a coroutine.
+Therefore, if a function <code>foo</code> calls an API function
+and this API function yields
+(directly or indirectly by calling another function that yields),
+Lua cannot return to <code>foo</code> any more,
+because the <code>longjmp</code> removes its frame from the C stack.
+
+
+<p>
+To avoid this kind of problem,
+Lua raises an error whenever it tries to yield across an API call,
+except for three functions:
+<a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>, <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a>, and <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>.
+All those functions receive a <em>continuation function</em>
+(as a parameter called <code>k</code>) to continue execution after a yield.
+
+
+<p>
+We need to set some terminology to explain continuations.
+We have a C function called from Lua which we will call
+the <em>original function</em>.
+This original function then calls one of those three functions in the C API,
+which we will call the <em>callee function</em>,
+that then yields the current thread.
+(This can happen when the callee function is <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>,
+or when the callee function is either <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a> or <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>
+and the function called by them yields.)
+
+
+<p>
+Suppose the running thread yields while executing the callee function.
+After the thread resumes,
+it eventually will finish running the callee function.
+However,
+the callee function cannot return to the original function,
+because its frame in the C stack was destroyed by the yield.
+Instead, Lua calls a <em>continuation function</em>,
+which was given as an argument to the callee function.
+As the name implies,
+the continuation function should continue the task
+of the original function.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua treats the continuation function as if it were the original function.
+The continuation function receives the same Lua stack
+from the original function,
+in the same state it would be if the callee function had returned.
+(For instance,
+after a <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a> the function and its arguments are
+removed from the stack and replaced by the results from the call.)
+It also has the same upvalues.
+Whatever it returns is handled by Lua as if it were the return
+of the original function.
+
+
+<p>
+The only difference in the Lua state between the original function
+and its continuation is the result of a call to <a href="#lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.8 – <a name="4.8">Functions and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Here we list all functions and types from the C API in
+alphabetical order.
+Each function has an indicator like this:
+<span class="apii">[-o, +p, <em>x</em>]</span>
+
+
+<p>
+The first field, <code>o</code>,
+is how many elements the function pops from the stack.
+The second field, <code>p</code>,
+is how many elements the function pushes onto the stack.
+(Any function always pushes its results after popping its arguments.)
+A field in the form <code>x|y</code> means the function can push (or pop)
+<code>x</code> or <code>y</code> elements,
+depending on the situation;
+an interrogation mark '<code>?</code>' means that
+we cannot know how many elements the function pops/pushes
+by looking only at its arguments
+(e.g., they may depend on what is on the stack).
+The third field, <code>x</code>,
+tells whether the function may throw errors:
+'<code>-</code>' means the function never throws any error;
+'<code>e</code>' means the function may throw errors;
+'<code>v</code>' means the function may throw an error on purpose.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_absindex"><code>lua_absindex</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_absindex (lua_State *L, int idx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the acceptable index <code>idx</code> into an absolute index
+(that is, one that does not depend on the stack top).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Alloc"><code>lua_Alloc</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud,
+ void *ptr,
+ size_t osize,
+ size_t nsize);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of the memory-allocation function used by Lua states.
+The allocator function must provide a
+functionality similar to <code>realloc</code>,
+but not exactly the same.
+Its arguments are
+<code>ud</code>, an opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>;
+<code>ptr</code>, a pointer to the block being allocated/reallocated/freed;
+<code>osize</code>, the original size of the block or some code about what
+is being allocated;
+<code>nsize</code>, the new size of the block.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>ptr</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+<code>osize</code> is the size of the block pointed by <code>ptr</code>,
+that is, the size given when it was allocated or reallocated.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>ptr</code> is <code>NULL</code>,
+<code>osize</code> encodes the kind of object that Lua is allocating.
+<code>osize</code> is any of
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_TSTRING"><code>LUA_TSTRING</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-LUA_TTABLE"><code>LUA_TTABLE</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-LUA_TFUNCTION"><code>LUA_TFUNCTION</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_TUSERDATA"><code>LUA_TUSERDATA</code></a>, or <a href="#pdf-LUA_TTHREAD"><code>LUA_TTHREAD</code></a> when (and only when)
+Lua is creating a new object of that type.
+When <code>osize</code> is some other value,
+Lua is allocating memory for something else.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua assumes the following behavior from the allocator function:
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>nsize</code> is zero,
+the allocator should behave like <code>free</code>
+and return <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>nsize</code> is not zero,
+the allocator should behave like <code>realloc</code>.
+The allocator returns <code>NULL</code>
+if and only if it cannot fulfill the request.
+Lua assumes that the allocator never fails when
+<code>osize >= nsize</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Here is a simple implementation for the allocator function.
+It is used in the auxiliary library by <a href="#luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a>.
+
+<pre>
+ static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize,
+ size_t nsize) {
+ (void)ud; (void)osize; /* not used */
+ if (nsize == 0) {
+ free(ptr);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ return realloc(ptr, nsize);
+ }
+</pre><p>
+Note that Standard C ensures
+that <code>free(NULL)</code> has no effect and that
+<code>realloc(NULL, size)</code> is equivalent to <code>malloc(size)</code>.
+This code assumes that <code>realloc</code> does not fail when shrinking a block.
+(Although Standard C does not ensure this behavior,
+it seems to be a safe assumption.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_arith"><code>lua_arith</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(2|1), +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_arith (lua_State *L, int op);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Performs an arithmetic operation over the two values
+(or one, in the case of negation)
+at the top of the stack,
+with the value at the top being the second operand,
+pops these values, and pushes the result of the operation.
+The function follows the semantics of the corresponding Lua operator
+(that is, it may call metamethods).
+
+
+<p>
+The value of <code>op</code> must be one of the following constants:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPADD"><code>LUA_OPADD</code></a>: </b> performs addition (<code>+</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPSUB"><code>LUA_OPSUB</code></a>: </b> performs subtraction (<code>-</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPMUL"><code>LUA_OPMUL</code></a>: </b> performs multiplication (<code>*</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPDIV"><code>LUA_OPDIV</code></a>: </b> performs division (<code>/</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPMOD"><code>LUA_OPMOD</code></a>: </b> performs modulo (<code>%</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPPOW"><code>LUA_OPPOW</code></a>: </b> performs exponentiation (<code>^</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPUNM"><code>LUA_OPUNM</code></a>: </b> performs mathematical negation (unary <code>-</code>)</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets a new panic function and returns the old one (see <a href="#4.6">§4.6</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs+1), +nresults, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_call (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a function.
+
+
+<p>
+To call a function you must use the following protocol:
+first, the function to be called is pushed onto the stack;
+then, the arguments to the function are pushed
+in direct order;
+that is, the first argument is pushed first.
+Finally you call <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>;
+<code>nargs</code> is the number of arguments that you pushed onto the stack.
+All arguments and the function value are popped from the stack
+when the function is called.
+The function results are pushed onto the stack when the function returns.
+The number of results is adjusted to <code>nresults</code>,
+unless <code>nresults</code> is <a name="pdf-LUA_MULTRET"><code>LUA_MULTRET</code></a>.
+In this case, all results from the function are pushed.
+Lua takes care that the returned values fit into the stack space.
+The function results are pushed onto the stack in direct order
+(the first result is pushed first),
+so that after the call the last result is on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Any error inside the called function is propagated upwards
+(with a <code>longjmp</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The following example shows how the host program can do the
+equivalent to this Lua code:
+
+<pre>
+ a = f("how", t.x, 14)
+</pre><p>
+Here it is in C:
+
+<pre>
+ lua_getglobal(L, "f"); /* function to be called */
+ lua_pushstring(L, "how"); /* 1st argument */
+ lua_getglobal(L, "t"); /* table to be indexed */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "x"); /* push result of t.x (2nd arg) */
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove 't' from the stack */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 14); /* 3rd argument */
+ lua_call(L, 3, 1); /* call 'f' with 3 arguments and 1 result */
+ lua_setglobal(L, "a"); /* set global 'a' */
+</pre><p>
+Note that the code above is "balanced":
+at its end, the stack is back to its original configuration.
+This is considered good programming practice.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +nresults, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_callk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int ctx,
+ lua_CFunction k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>,
+but allows the called function to yield (see <a href="#4.7">§4.7</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for C functions.
+
+
+<p>
+In order to communicate properly with Lua,
+a C function must use the following protocol,
+which defines the way parameters and results are passed:
+a C function receives its arguments from Lua in its stack
+in direct order (the first argument is pushed first).
+So, when the function starts,
+<code>lua_gettop(L)</code> returns the number of arguments received by the function.
+The first argument (if any) is at index 1
+and its last argument is at index <code>lua_gettop(L)</code>.
+To return values to Lua, a C function just pushes them onto the stack,
+in direct order (the first result is pushed first),
+and returns the number of results.
+Any other value in the stack below the results will be properly
+discarded by Lua.
+Like a Lua function, a C function called by Lua can also return
+many results.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, the following function receives a variable number
+of numerical arguments and returns their average and sum:
+
+<pre>
+ static int foo (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ lua_Number sum = 0;
+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
+ if (!lua_isnumber(L, i)) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, "incorrect argument");
+ lua_error(L);
+ }
+ sum += lua_tonumber(L, i);
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sum/n); /* first result */
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sum); /* second result */
+ return 2; /* number of results */
+ }
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int extra);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Ensures that there are at least <code>extra</code> free stack slots in the stack.
+It returns false if it cannot fulfill the request,
+because it would cause the stack to be larger than a fixed maximum size
+(typically at least a few thousand elements) or
+because it cannot allocate memory for the new stack size.
+This function never shrinks the stack;
+if the stack is already larger than the new size,
+it is left unchanged.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_close (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Destroys all objects in the given Lua state
+(calling the corresponding garbage-collection metamethods, if any)
+and frees all dynamic memory used by this state.
+On several platforms, you may not need to call this function,
+because all resources are naturally released when the host program ends.
+On the other hand, long-running programs that create multiple states,
+such as daemons or web servers,
+might need to close states as soon as they are not needed.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_compare"><code>lua_compare</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_compare (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2, int op);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Compares two Lua values.
+Returns 1 if the value at index <code>index1</code> satisfies <code>op</code>
+when compared with the value at index <code>index2</code>,
+following the semantics of the corresponding Lua operator
+(that is, it may call metamethods).
+Otherwise returns 0.
+Also returns 0 if any of the indices is non valid.
+
+
+<p>
+The value of <code>op</code> must be one of the following constants:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPEQ"><code>LUA_OPEQ</code></a>: </b> compares for equality (<code>==</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPLT"><code>LUA_OPLT</code></a>: </b> compares for less than (<code><</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPLE"><code>LUA_OPLE</code></a>: </b> compares for less or equal (<code><=</code>)</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_concat"><code>lua_concat</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Concatenates the <code>n</code> values at the top of the stack,
+pops them, and leaves the result at the top.
+If <code>n</code> is 1, the result is the single value on the stack
+(that is, the function does nothing);
+if <code>n</code> is 0, the result is the empty string.
+Concatenation is performed following the usual semantics of Lua
+(see <a href="#3.4.5">§3.4.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_copy"><code>lua_copy</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_copy (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the element at index <code>fromidx</code>
+into the valid index <code>toidx</code>
+without shifting any element
+(therefore replacing the value at that position).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_createtable"><code>lua_createtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack.
+Parameter <code>narr</code> is a hint for how many elements the table
+will have as a sequence;
+parameter <code>nrec</code> is a hint for how many other elements
+the table will have.
+Lua may use these hints to preallocate memory for the new table.
+This pre-allocation is useful for performance when you know in advance
+how many elements the table will have.
+Otherwise you can use the function <a href="#lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Dumps a function as a binary chunk.
+Receives a Lua function on the top of the stack
+and produces a binary chunk that,
+if loaded again,
+results in a function equivalent to the one dumped.
+As it produces parts of the chunk,
+<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls function <code>writer</code> (see <a href="#lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a>)
+with the given <code>data</code>
+to write them.
+
+
+<p>
+The value returned is the error code returned by the last
+call to the writer;
+0 means no errors.
+
+
+<p>
+This function does not pop the Lua function from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_error (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Generates a Lua error.
+The error message (which can actually be a Lua value of any type)
+must be on the stack top.
+This function does a long jump,
+and therefore never returns
+(see <a href="#luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Controls the garbage collector.
+
+
+<p>
+This function performs several tasks,
+according to the value of the parameter <code>what</code>:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTOP</code>: </b>
+stops the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCRESTART</code>: </b>
+restarts the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOLLECT</code>: </b>
+performs a full garbage-collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNT</code>: </b>
+returns the current amount of memory (in Kbytes) in use by Lua.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNTB</code>: </b>
+returns the remainder of dividing the current amount of bytes of
+memory in use by Lua by 1024.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTEP</code>: </b>
+performs an incremental step of garbage collection.
+The step "size" is controlled by <code>data</code>
+(larger values mean more steps) in a non-specified way.
+If you want to control the step size
+you must experimentally tune the value of <code>data</code>.
+The function returns 1 if the step finished a
+garbage-collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSETPAUSE</code>: </b>
+sets <code>data</code> as the new value
+for the <em>pause</em> of the collector (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+The function returns the previous value of the pause.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL</code>: </b>
+sets <code>data</code> as the new value for the <em>step multiplier</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+The function returns the previous value of the step multiplier.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCISRUNNING</code>: </b>
+returns a boolean that tells whether the collector is running
+(i.e., not stopped).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCGEN</code>: </b>
+changes the collector to generational mode
+(see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCINC</code>: </b>
+changes the collector to incremental mode.
+This is the default mode.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+For more details about these options,
+see <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getallocf"><code>lua_getallocf</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the memory-allocation function of a given state.
+If <code>ud</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, Lua stores in <code>*ud</code> the
+opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getctx (lua_State *L, int *ctx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function is called by a continuation function (see <a href="#4.7">§4.7</a>)
+to retrieve the status of the thread and a context information.
+
+
+<p>
+When called in the original function,
+<a href="#lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a> always returns <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>
+and does not change the value of its argument <code>ctx</code>.
+When called inside a continuation function,
+<a href="#lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a> returns <a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> and sets
+the value of <code>ctx</code> to be the context information
+(the value passed as the <code>ctx</code> argument
+to the callee together with the continuation function).
+
+
+<p>
+When the callee is <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>,
+Lua may also call its continuation function
+to handle errors during the call.
+That is, upon an error in the function called by <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>,
+Lua may not return to the original function
+but instead may call the continuation function.
+In that case, a call to <a href="#lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a> will return the error code
+(the value that would be returned by <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>);
+the value of <code>ctx</code> will be set to the context information,
+as in the case of a yield.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getfield"><code>lua_getfield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given index.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getglobal"><code>lua_getglobal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value of the global <code>name</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getmetatable"><code>lua_getmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the metatable of the value at the given index.
+If the value does not have a metatable,
+the function returns 0 and pushes nothing on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given index
+and <code>k</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the key from the stack
+(putting the resulting value in its place).
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettop"><code>lua_gettop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gettop (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the index of the top element in the stack.
+Because indices start at 1,
+this result is equal to the number of elements in the stack
+(and so 0 means an empty stack).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getuservalue"><code>lua_getuservalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_getuservalue (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the Lua value associated with the userdata
+at the given index.
+This Lua value must be a table or <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_insert"><code>lua_insert</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the top element into the given valid index,
+shifting up the elements above this index to open space.
+This function cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef ptrdiff_t lua_Integer;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type used by the Lua API to represent signed integral values.
+
+
+<p>
+By default it is a <code>ptrdiff_t</code>,
+which is usually the largest signed integral type the machine handles
+"comfortably".
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a boolean,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_iscfunction"><code>lua_iscfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a C function,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isfunction"><code>lua_isfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a function
+(either C or Lua), and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_islightuserdata"><code>lua_islightuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_islightuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a light userdata,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnil"><code>lua_isnil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is <b>nil</b>,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnone"><code>lua_isnone</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnone (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the given index is not valid,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnoneornil"><code>lua_isnoneornil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnoneornil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the given index is not valid
+or if the value at this index is <b>nil</b>,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnumber"><code>lua_isnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a number
+or a string convertible to a number,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isstring"><code>lua_isstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a string
+or a number (which is always convertible to a string),
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_istable"><code>lua_istable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_istable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a table,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isthread"><code>lua_isthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isthread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a thread,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isuserdata"><code>lua_isuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a userdata
+(either full or light), and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_len"><code>lua_len</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_len (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the "length" of the value at the given index;
+it is equivalent to the '<code>#</code>' operator in Lua (see <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a>).
+The result is pushed on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_load (lua_State *L,
+ lua_Reader reader,
+ void *data,
+ const char *source,
+ const char *mode);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a Lua chunk (without running it).
+If there are no errors,
+<code>lua_load</code> pushes the compiled chunk as a Lua
+function on top of the stack.
+Otherwise, it pushes an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+The return values of <code>lua_load</code> are:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>: </b> no errors;</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRSYNTAX"><code>LUA_ERRSYNTAX</code></a>: </b>
+syntax error during precompilation;</li>
+
+<li><b><a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>: </b>
+memory allocation error;</li>
+
+<li><b><a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRGCMM"><code>LUA_ERRGCMM</code></a>: </b>
+error while running a <code>__gc</code> metamethod.
+(This error has no relation with the chunk being loaded.
+It is generated by the garbage collector.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+The <code>lua_load</code> function uses a user-supplied <code>reader</code> function
+to read the chunk (see <a href="#lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a>).
+The <code>data</code> argument is an opaque value passed to the reader function.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>source</code> argument gives a name to the chunk,
+which is used for error messages and in debug information (see <a href="#4.9">§4.9</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_load</code> automatically detects whether the chunk is text or binary
+and loads it accordingly (see program <code>luac</code>).
+The string <code>mode</code> works as in function <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>,
+with the addition that
+a <code>NULL</code> value is equivalent to the string "<code>bt</code>".
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_load</code> uses the stack internally,
+so the reader function should always leave the stack
+unmodified when returning.
+
+
+<p>
+If the resulting function has one upvalue,
+this upvalue is set to the value of the global environment
+stored at index <code>LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS</code> in the registry (see <a href="#4.5">§4.5</a>).
+When loading main chunks,
+this upvalue will be the <code>_ENV</code> variable (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new thread running in a new, independent state.
+Returns <code>NULL</code> if cannot create the thread or the state
+(due to lack of memory).
+The argument <code>f</code> is the allocator function;
+Lua does all memory allocation for this state through this function.
+The second argument, <code>ud</code>, is an opaque pointer that Lua
+passes to the allocator in every call.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_newtable (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack.
+It is equivalent to <code>lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new thread, pushes it on the stack,
+and returns a pointer to a <a href="#lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a> that represents this new thread.
+The new thread returned by this function shares with the original thread
+its global environment,
+but has an independent execution stack.
+
+
+<p>
+There is no explicit function to close or to destroy a thread.
+Threads are subject to garbage collection,
+like any Lua object.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newuserdata"><code>lua_newuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function allocates a new block of memory with the given size,
+pushes onto the stack a new full userdata with the block address,
+and returns this address.
+The host program can freely use this memory.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +(2|0), <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_next (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a key from the stack,
+and pushes a key–value pair from the table at the given index
+(the "next" pair after the given key).
+If there are no more elements in the table,
+then <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a> returns 0 (and pushes nothing).
+
+
+<p>
+A typical traversal looks like this:
+
+<pre>
+ /* table is in the stack at index 't' */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */
+ while (lua_next(L, t) != 0) {
+ /* uses 'key' (at index -2) and 'value' (at index -1) */
+ printf("%s - %s\n",
+ lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -2)),
+ lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -1)));
+ /* removes 'value'; keeps 'key' for next iteration */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+While traversing a table,
+do not call <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> directly on a key,
+unless you know that the key is actually a string.
+Recall that <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> may change
+the value at the given index;
+this confuses the next call to <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+See function <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> for the caveats of modifying
+the table during its traversal.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef double lua_Number;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of numbers in Lua.
+By default, it is double, but that can be changed in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+Through this configuration file you can change
+Lua to operate with another type for numbers (e.g., float or long).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +(nresults|1), –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pcall (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int msgh);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a function in protected mode.
+
+
+<p>
+Both <code>nargs</code> and <code>nresults</code> have the same meaning as
+in <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+If there are no errors during the call,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+However, if there is any error,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> catches it,
+pushes a single value on the stack (the error message),
+and returns an error code.
+Like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> always removes the function
+and its arguments from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>msgh</code> is 0,
+then the error message returned on the stack
+is exactly the original error message.
+Otherwise, <code>msgh</code> is the stack index of a
+<em>message handler</em>.
+(In the current implementation, this index cannot be a pseudo-index.)
+In case of runtime errors,
+this function will be called with the error message
+and its return value will be the message
+returned on the stack by <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Typically, the message handler is used to add more debug
+information to the error message, such as a stack traceback.
+Such information cannot be gathered after the return of <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+since by then the stack has unwound.
+
+
+<p>
+The <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> function returns one of the following codes
+(defined in <code>lua.h</code>):
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a> (0): </b>
+success.</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRRUN"><code>LUA_ERRRUN</code></a>: </b>
+a runtime error.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>: </b>
+memory allocation error.
+For such errors, Lua does not call the message handler.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRERR"><code>LUA_ERRERR</code></a>: </b>
+error while running the message handler.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRGCMM"><code>LUA_ERRGCMM</code></a>: </b>
+error while running a <code>__gc</code> metamethod.
+(This error typically has no relation with the function being called.
+It is generated by the garbage collector.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +(nresults|1), –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L,
+ int nargs,
+ int nresults,
+ int errfunc,
+ int ctx,
+ lua_CFunction k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+but allows the called function to yield (see <a href="#4.7">§4.7</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pop"><code>lua_pop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pop (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops <code>n</code> elements from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushboolean"><code>lua_pushboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a boolean value with value <code>b</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a new C closure onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+When a C function is created,
+it is possible to associate some values with it,
+thus creating a C closure (see <a href="#4.4">§4.4</a>);
+these values are then accessible to the function whenever it is called.
+To associate values with a C function,
+first these values should be pushed onto the stack
+(when there are multiple values, the first value is pushed first).
+Then <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>
+is called to create and push the C function onto the stack,
+with the argument <code>n</code> telling how many values should be
+associated with the function.
+<a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a> also pops these values from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+The maximum value for <code>n</code> is 255.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>n</code> is zero,
+this function creates a <em>light C function</em>,
+which is just a pointer to the C function.
+In that case, it never throws a memory error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcfunction"><code>lua_pushcfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushcfunction (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction f);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a C function onto the stack.
+This function receives a pointer to a C function
+and pushes onto the stack a Lua value of type <code>function</code> that,
+when called, invokes the corresponding C function.
+
+
+<p>
+Any function to be registered in Lua must
+follow the correct protocol to receive its parameters
+and return its results (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_pushcfunction</code> is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_pushcfunction(L,f) lua_pushcclosure(L,f,0)
+</pre><p>
+Note that <code>f</code> is used twice.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack a formatted string
+and returns a pointer to this string.
+It is similar to the ANSI C function <code>sprintf</code>,
+but has some important differences:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+You do not have to allocate space for the result:
+the result is a Lua string and Lua takes care of memory allocation
+(and deallocation, through garbage collection).
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The conversion specifiers are quite restricted.
+There are no flags, widths, or precisions.
+The conversion specifiers can only be
+'<code>%%</code>' (inserts a '<code>%</code>' in the string),
+'<code>%s</code>' (inserts a zero-terminated string, with no size restrictions),
+'<code>%f</code>' (inserts a <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>),
+'<code>%p</code>' (inserts a pointer as a hexadecimal numeral),
+'<code>%d</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code>), and
+'<code>%c</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code> as a byte).
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushglobaltable"><code>lua_pushglobaltable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushglobaltable (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the global environment onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushinteger"><code>lua_pushinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlightuserdata"><code>lua_pushlightuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a light userdata onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Userdata represent C values in Lua.
+A <em>light userdata</em> represents a pointer, a <code>void*</code>.
+It is a value (like a number):
+you do not create it, it has no individual metatable,
+and it is not collected (as it was never created).
+A light userdata is equal to "any"
+light userdata with the same C address.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushliteral"><code>lua_pushliteral</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushliteral (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This macro is equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a>,
+but can be used only when <code>s</code> is a literal string.
+It automatically provides the string length.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with size <code>len</code>
+onto the stack.
+Lua makes (or reuses) an internal copy of the given string,
+so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after
+the function returns.
+The string can contain any binary data,
+including embedded zeros.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a pointer to the internal copy of the string.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnil"><code>lua_pushnil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a nil value onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnumber"><code>lua_pushnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushstring"><code>lua_pushstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code>
+onto the stack.
+Lua makes (or reuses) an internal copy of the given string,
+so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after
+the function returns.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a pointer to the internal copy of the string.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>s</code> is <code>NULL</code>, pushes <b>nil</b> and returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushthread"><code>lua_pushthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the thread represented by <code>L</code> onto the stack.
+Returns 1 if this thread is the main thread of its state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushunsigned"><code>lua_pushunsigned</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushunsigned (lua_State *L, lua_Unsigned n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvalue"><code>lua_pushvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a copy of the element at the given index
+onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvfstring"><code>lua_pushvfstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L,
+ const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>, except that it receives a <code>va_list</code>
+instead of a variable number of arguments.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawequal"><code>lua_rawequal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the two values in indices <code>index1</code> and
+<code>index2</code> are primitively equal
+(that is, without calling metamethods).
+Otherwise returns 0.
+Also returns 0 if any of the indices are non valid.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawget"><code>lua_rawget</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a>, but does a raw access
+(i.e., without metamethods).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawgeti"><code>lua_rawgeti</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[n]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given index.
+The access is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawgetp"><code>lua_rawgetp</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawgetp (lua_State *L, int index, const void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given index and
+<code>k</code> is the pointer <code>p</code> represented as a light userdata.
+The access is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawlen"><code>lua_rawlen</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>size_t lua_rawlen (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the raw "length" of the value at the given index:
+for strings, this is the string length;
+for tables, this is the result of the length operator ('<code>#</code>')
+with no metamethods;
+for userdata, this is the size of the block of memory allocated
+for the userdata;
+for other values, it is 0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawset"><code>lua_rawset</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-2, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a>, but does a raw assignment
+(i.e., without metamethods).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawseti"><code>lua_rawseti</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent of <code>t[n] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given index
+and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+The assignment is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawsetp"><code>lua_rawsetp</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawsetp (lua_State *L, int index, const void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent of <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given index,
+<code>k</code> is the pointer <code>p</code> represented as a light userdata,
+and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+The assignment is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L,
+ void *data,
+ size_t *size);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The reader function used by <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+Every time it needs another piece of the chunk,
+<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> calls the reader,
+passing along its <code>data</code> parameter.
+The reader must return a pointer to a block of memory
+with a new piece of the chunk
+and set <code>size</code> to the block size.
+The block must exist until the reader function is called again.
+To signal the end of the chunk,
+the reader must return <code>NULL</code> or set <code>size</code> to zero.
+The reader function may return pieces of any size greater than zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_register"><code>lua_register</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_register (lua_State *L, const char *name, lua_CFunction f);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the C function <code>f</code> as the new value of global <code>name</code>.
+It is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_register(L,n,f) \
+ (lua_pushcfunction(L, f), lua_setglobal(L, n))
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_remove"><code>lua_remove</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Removes the element at the given valid index,
+shifting down the elements above this index to fill the gap.
+This function cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_replace"><code>lua_replace</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the top element into the given valid index
+without shifting any element
+(therefore replacing the value at the given index),
+and then pops the top element.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int nargs);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Starts and resumes a coroutine in a given thread.
+
+
+<p>
+To start a coroutine,
+you push onto the thread stack the main function plus any arguments;
+then you call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>,
+with <code>nargs</code> being the number of arguments.
+This call returns when the coroutine suspends or finishes its execution.
+When it returns, the stack contains all values passed to <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>,
+or all values returned by the body function.
+<a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> returns
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the coroutine yields,
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a> if the coroutine finishes its execution
+without errors,
+or an error code in case of errors (see <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors,
+the stack is not unwound,
+so you can use the debug API over it.
+The error message is on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+To resume a coroutine,
+you remove any results from the last <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>,
+put on its stack only the values to
+be passed as results from <code>yield</code>,
+and then call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The parameter <code>from</code> represents the coroutine that is resuming <code>L</code>.
+If there is no such coroutine,
+this parameter can be <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setallocf"><code>lua_setallocf</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Changes the allocator function of a given state to <code>f</code>
+with user data <code>ud</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setfield"><code>lua_setfield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given index
+and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setglobal"><code>lua_setglobal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a value from the stack and
+sets it as the new value of global <code>name</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setmetatable"><code>lua_setmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a table from the stack and
+sets it as the new metatable for the value at the given index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-2, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given index,
+<code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack,
+and <code>k</code> is the value just below the top.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops both the key and the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_settop"><code>lua_settop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Accepts any index, or 0,
+and sets the stack top to this index.
+If the new top is larger than the old one,
+then the new elements are filled with <b>nil</b>.
+If <code>index</code> is 0, then all stack elements are removed.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setuservalue"><code>lua_setuservalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setuservalue (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a table or <b>nil</b> from the stack and sets it as
+the new value associated to the userdata at the given index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct lua_State lua_State;</pre>
+
+<p>
+An opaque structure that points to a thread and indirectly
+(through the thread) to the whole state of a Lua interpreter.
+The Lua library is fully reentrant:
+it has no global variables.
+All information about a state is accessible through this structure.
+
+
+<p>
+A pointer to this structure must be passed as the first argument to
+every function in the library, except to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>,
+which creates a Lua state from scratch.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_status"><code>lua_status</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_status (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the status of the thread <code>L</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The status can be 0 (<a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>) for a normal thread,
+an error code if the thread finished the execution
+of a <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> with an error,
+or <a name="pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the thread is suspended.
+
+
+<p>
+You can only call functions in threads with status <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>.
+You can resume threads with status <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>
+(to start a new coroutine) or <a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a>
+(to resume a coroutine).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given index to a C boolean
+value (0 or 1).
+Like all tests in Lua,
+<a href="#lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a> returns true for any Lua value
+different from <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b>;
+otherwise it returns false.
+(If you want to accept only actual boolean values,
+use <a href="#lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a> to test the value's type.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tocfunction"><code>lua_tocfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts a value at the given index to a C function.
+That value must be a C function;
+otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tointeger"><code>lua_tointeger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer lua_tointeger (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tointegerx"><code>lua_tointegerx</code></a> with <code>isnum</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tointegerx"><code>lua_tointegerx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer lua_tointegerx (lua_State *L, int index, int *isnum);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given index
+to the signed integral type <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>);
+otherwise, <code>lua_tointegerx</code> returns 0.
+
+
+<p>
+If the number is not an integer,
+it is truncated in some non-specified way.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>isnum</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+its referent is assigned a boolean value that
+indicates whether the operation succeeded.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int index, size_t *len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given index to a C string.
+If <code>len</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+it also sets <code>*len</code> with the string length.
+The Lua value must be a string or a number;
+otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>.
+If the value is a number,
+then <code>lua_tolstring</code> also
+<em>changes the actual value in the stack to a string</em>.
+(This change confuses <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>
+when <code>lua_tolstring</code> is applied to keys during a table traversal.)
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_tolstring</code> returns a fully aligned pointer
+to a string inside the Lua state.
+This string always has a zero ('<code>\0</code>')
+after its last character (as in C),
+but can contain other zeros in its body.
+Because Lua has garbage collection,
+there is no guarantee that the pointer returned by <code>lua_tolstring</code>
+will be valid after the corresponding value is removed from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tonumber"><code>lua_tonumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tonumberx"><code>lua_tonumberx</code></a> with <code>isnum</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tonumberx"><code>lua_tonumberx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number lua_tonumberx (lua_State *L, int index, int *isnum);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given index
+to the C type <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a> (see <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>).
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>);
+otherwise, <a href="#lua_tonumberx"><code>lua_tonumberx</code></a> returns 0.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>isnum</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+its referent is assigned a boolean value that
+indicates whether the operation succeeded.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_topointer"><code>lua_topointer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the value at the given index to a generic
+C pointer (<code>void*</code>).
+The value can be a userdata, a table, a thread, or a function;
+otherwise, <code>lua_topointer</code> returns <code>NULL</code>.
+Different objects will give different pointers.
+There is no way to convert the pointer back to its original value.
+
+
+<p>
+Typically this function is used only for debug information.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tostring"><code>lua_tostring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_tostring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> with <code>len</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tothread"><code>lua_tothread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the value at the given index to a Lua thread
+(represented as <code>lua_State*</code>).
+This value must be a thread;
+otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tounsigned"><code>lua_tounsigned</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Unsigned lua_tounsigned (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tounsignedx"><code>lua_tounsignedx</code></a> with <code>isnum</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tounsignedx"><code>lua_tounsignedx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Unsigned lua_tounsignedx (lua_State *L, int index, int *isnum);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given index
+to the unsigned integral type <a href="#lua_Unsigned"><code>lua_Unsigned</code></a>.
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>);
+otherwise, <code>lua_tounsignedx</code> returns 0.
+
+
+<p>
+If the number is not an integer,
+it is truncated in some non-specified way.
+If the number is outside the range of representable values,
+it is normalized to the remainder of its division by
+one more than the maximum representable value.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>isnum</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+its referent is assigned a boolean value that
+indicates whether the operation succeeded.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_touserdata"><code>lua_touserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the value at the given index is a full userdata,
+returns its block address.
+If the value is a light userdata,
+returns its pointer.
+Otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_type (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of the value in the given valid index,
+or <code>LUA_TNONE</code> for a non-valid (but acceptable) index.
+The types returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> are coded by the following constants
+defined in <code>lua.h</code>:
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TNIL"><code>LUA_TNIL</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TNUMBER"><code>LUA_TNUMBER</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TBOOLEAN"><code>LUA_TBOOLEAN</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TSTRING"><code>LUA_TSTRING</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TTABLE"><code>LUA_TTABLE</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TFUNCTION"><code>LUA_TFUNCTION</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TUSERDATA"><code>LUA_TUSERDATA</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TTHREAD"><code>LUA_TTHREAD</code></a>,
+and
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA"><code>LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_typename"><code>lua_typename</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int tp);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the name of the type encoded by the value <code>tp</code>,
+which must be one the values returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Unsigned"><code>lua_Unsigned</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef unsigned long lua_Unsigned;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type used by the Lua API to represent unsigned integral values.
+It must have at least 32 bits.
+
+
+<p>
+By default it is an <code>unsigned int</code> or an <code>unsigned long</code>,
+whichever can hold 32-bit values.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_upvalueindex"><code>lua_upvalueindex</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_upvalueindex (int i);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the pseudo-index that represents the <code>i</code>-th upvalue of
+the running function (see <a href="#4.4">§4.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_version"><code>lua_version</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const lua_Number *lua_version (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the address of the version number stored in the Lua core.
+When called with a valid <a href="#lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a>,
+returns the address of the version used to create that state.
+When called with <code>NULL</code>,
+returns the address of the version running the call.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L,
+ const void* p,
+ size_t sz,
+ void* ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of the writer function used by <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>.
+Every time it produces another piece of chunk,
+<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls the writer,
+passing along the buffer to be written (<code>p</code>),
+its size (<code>sz</code>),
+and the <code>data</code> parameter supplied to <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The writer returns an error code:
+0 means no errors;
+any other value means an error and stops <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> from
+calling the writer again.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_xmove"><code>lua_xmove</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Exchange values between different threads of the same state.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops <code>n</code> values from the stack <code>from</code>,
+and pushes them onto the stack <code>to</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_yield (lua_State *L, int nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function is equivalent to <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>,
+but it has no continuation (see <a href="#4.7">§4.7</a>).
+Therefore, when the thread resumes,
+it returns to the function that called
+the function calling <code>lua_yield</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_yieldk (lua_State *L, int nresults, int ctx, lua_CFunction k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Yields a coroutine.
+
+
+<p>
+This function should only be called as the
+return expression of a C function, as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ return lua_yieldk (L, n, i, k);
+</pre><p>
+When a C function calls <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a> in that way,
+the running coroutine suspends its execution,
+and the call to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> that started this coroutine returns.
+The parameter <code>nresults</code> is the number of values from the stack
+that are passed as results to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+When the coroutine is resumed again,
+Lua calls the given continuation function <code>k</code> to continue
+the execution of the C function that yielded (see <a href="#4.7">§4.7</a>).
+This continuation function receives the same stack
+from the previous function,
+with the results removed and
+replaced by the arguments passed to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+Moreover,
+the continuation function may access the value <code>ctx</code>
+by calling <a href="#lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.9 – <a name="4.9">The Debug Interface</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua has no built-in debugging facilities.
+Instead, it offers a special interface
+by means of functions and <em>hooks</em>.
+This interface allows the construction of different
+kinds of debuggers, profilers, and other tools
+that need "inside information" from the interpreter.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct lua_Debug {
+ int event;
+ const char *name; /* (n) */
+ const char *namewhat; /* (n) */
+ const char *what; /* (S) */
+ const char *source; /* (S) */
+ int currentline; /* (l) */
+ int linedefined; /* (S) */
+ int lastlinedefined; /* (S) */
+ unsigned char nups; /* (u) number of upvalues */
+ unsigned char nparams; /* (u) number of parameters */
+ char isvararg; /* (u) */
+ char istailcall; /* (t) */
+ char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
+ /* private part */
+ <em>other fields</em>
+} lua_Debug;</pre>
+
+<p>
+A structure used to carry different pieces of
+information about a function or an activation record.
+<a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> fills only the private part
+of this structure, for later use.
+To fill the other fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> with useful information,
+call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> have the following meaning:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>source</code>: </b>
+the source of the chunk that created the function.
+If <code>source</code> starts with a '<code>@</code>',
+it means that the function was defined in a file where
+the file name follows the '<code>@</code>'.
+If <code>source</code> starts with a '<code>=</code>',
+the remainder of its contents describe the source in a user-dependent manner.
+Otherwise,
+the function was defined in a string where
+<code>source</code> is that string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>short_src</code>: </b>
+a "printable" version of <code>source</code>, to be used in error messages.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>linedefined</code>: </b>
+the line number where the definition of the function starts.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>lastlinedefined</code>: </b>
+the line number where the definition of the function ends.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>what</code>: </b>
+the string <code>"Lua"</code> if the function is a Lua function,
+<code>"C"</code> if it is a C function,
+<code>"main"</code> if it is the main part of a chunk.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>currentline</code>: </b>
+the current line where the given function is executing.
+When no line information is available,
+<code>currentline</code> is set to -1.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>name</code>: </b>
+a reasonable name for the given function.
+Because functions in Lua are first-class values,
+they do not have a fixed name:
+some functions can be the value of multiple global variables,
+while others can be stored only in a table field.
+The <code>lua_getinfo</code> function checks how the function was
+called to find a suitable name.
+If it cannot find a name,
+then <code>name</code> is set to <code>NULL</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>namewhat</code>: </b>
+explains the <code>name</code> field.
+The value of <code>namewhat</code> can be
+<code>"global"</code>, <code>"local"</code>, <code>"method"</code>,
+<code>"field"</code>, <code>"upvalue"</code>, or <code>""</code> (the empty string),
+according to how the function was called.
+(Lua uses the empty string when no other option seems to apply.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>istailcall</code>: </b>
+true if this function invocation was called by a tail call.
+In this case, the caller of this level is not in the stack.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>nups</code>: </b>
+the number of upvalues of the function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>nparams</code>: </b>
+the number of fixed parameters of the function
+(always 0 for C functions).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>isvararg</code>: </b>
+true if the function is a vararg function
+(always true for C functions).
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethook"><code>lua_gethook</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook function.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookcount"><code>lua_gethookcount</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook count.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookmask"><code>lua_gethookmask</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook mask.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +(0|1|2), <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a specific function or function invocation.
+
+
+<p>
+To get information about a function invocation,
+the parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was
+filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or
+given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+To get information about a function you push it onto the stack
+and start the <code>what</code> string with the character '<code>></code>'.
+(In that case,
+<code>lua_getinfo</code> pops the function from the top of the stack.)
+For instance, to know in which line a function <code>f</code> was defined,
+you can write the following code:
+
+<pre>
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ lua_getglobal(L, "f"); /* get global 'f' */
+ lua_getinfo(L, ">S", &ar);
+ printf("%d\n", ar.linedefined);
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Each character in the string <code>what</code>
+selects some fields of the structure <code>ar</code> to be filled or
+a value to be pushed on the stack:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>'<code>n</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>name</code> and <code>namewhat</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>S</code>': </b>
+fills in the fields <code>source</code>, <code>short_src</code>,
+<code>linedefined</code>, <code>lastlinedefined</code>, and <code>what</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>l</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>currentline</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>t</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>istailcall</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>u</code>': </b> fills in the fields
+<code>nups</code>, <code>nparams</code>, and <code>isvararg</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>f</code>': </b>
+pushes onto the stack the function that is
+running at the given level;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>L</code>': </b>
+pushes onto the stack a table whose indices are the
+numbers of the lines that are valid on the function.
+(A <em>valid line</em> is a line with some associated code,
+that is, a line where you can put a break point.
+Non-valid lines include empty lines and comments.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+This function returns 0 on error
+(for instance, an invalid option in <code>what</code>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), –]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a local variable of
+a given activation record or a given function.
+
+
+<p>
+In the first case,
+the parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was
+filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or
+given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>).
+The index <code>n</code> selects which local variable to inspect;
+see <a href="#pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal</code></a> for details about variable indices
+and names.
+
+
+<p>
+<a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a> pushes the variable's value onto the stack
+and returns its name.
+
+
+<p>
+In the second case, <code>ar</code> should be <code>NULL</code> and the function
+to be inspected must be at the top of the stack.
+In this case, only parameters of Lua functions are visible
+(as there is no information about what variables are active)
+and no values are pushed onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing)
+when the index is greater than
+the number of active local variables.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about the interpreter runtime stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function fills parts of a <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> structure with
+an identification of the <em>activation record</em>
+of the function executing at a given level.
+Level 0 is the current running function,
+whereas level <em>n+1</em> is the function that has called level <em>n</em>
+(except for tail calls, which do not count on the stack).
+When there are no errors, <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> returns 1;
+when called with a level greater than the stack depth,
+it returns 0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), –]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a closure's upvalue.
+(For Lua functions,
+upvalues are the external local variables that the function uses,
+and that are consequently included in its closure.)
+<a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a> gets the index <code>n</code> of an upvalue,
+pushes the upvalue's value onto the stack,
+and returns its name.
+<code>funcindex</code> points to the closure in the stack.
+(Upvalues have no particular order,
+as they are active through the whole function.
+So, they are numbered in an arbitrary order.)
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing)
+when the index is greater than the number of upvalues.
+For C functions, this function uses the empty string <code>""</code>
+as a name for all upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for debugging hook functions.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a hook is called, its <code>ar</code> argument has its field
+<code>event</code> set to the specific event that triggered the hook.
+Lua identifies these events with the following constants:
+<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCALL"><code>LUA_HOOKCALL</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKRET"><code>LUA_HOOKRET</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKTAILCALL"><code>LUA_HOOKTAILCALL</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKLINE"><code>LUA_HOOKLINE</code></a>,
+and <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCOUNT"><code>LUA_HOOKCOUNT</code></a>.
+Moreover, for line events, the field <code>currentline</code> is also set.
+To get the value of any other field in <code>ar</code>,
+the hook must call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+For call events, <code>event</code> can be <code>LUA_HOOKCALL</code>,
+the normal value, or <code>LUA_HOOKTAILCALL</code>, for a tail call;
+in this case, there will be no corresponding return event.
+
+
+<p>
+While Lua is running a hook, it disables other calls to hooks.
+Therefore, if a hook calls back Lua to execute a function or a chunk,
+this execution occurs without any calls to hooks.
+
+
+<p>
+Hook functions cannot have continuations,
+that is, they cannot call <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>, or <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a> with a non-null <code>k</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Hook functions can yield under the following conditions:
+Only count and line events can yield
+and they cannot yield any value;
+to yield a hook function must finish its execution
+calling <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a> with <code>nresults</code> equal to zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_sethook"><code>lua_sethook</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook f, int mask, int count);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the debugging hook function.
+
+
+<p>
+Argument <code>f</code> is the hook function.
+<code>mask</code> specifies on which events the hook will be called:
+it is formed by a bitwise or of the constants
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCALL"><code>LUA_MASKCALL</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKRET"><code>LUA_MASKRET</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKLINE"><code>LUA_MASKLINE</code></a>,
+and <a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCOUNT"><code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code></a>.
+The <code>count</code> argument is only meaningful when the mask
+includes <code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code>.
+For each event, the hook is called as explained below:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>The call hook: </b> is called when the interpreter calls a function.
+The hook is called just after Lua enters the new function,
+before the function gets its arguments.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The return hook: </b> is called when the interpreter returns from a function.
+The hook is called just before Lua leaves the function.
+There is no standard way to access the values
+to be returned by the function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The line hook: </b> is called when the interpreter is about to
+start the execution of a new line of code,
+or when it jumps back in the code (even to the same line).
+(This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The count hook: </b> is called after the interpreter executes every
+<code>count</code> instructions.
+(This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+A hook is disabled by setting <code>mask</code> to zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +0, –]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the value of a local variable of a given activation record.
+Parameters <code>ar</code> and <code>n</code> are as in <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>
+(see <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>).
+<a href="#lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a> assigns the value at the top of the stack
+to the variable and returns its name.
+It also pops the value from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing)
+when the index is greater than
+the number of active local variables.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setupvalue"><code>lua_setupvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +0, –]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the value of a closure's upvalue.
+It assigns the value at the top of the stack
+to the upvalue and returns its name.
+It also pops the value from the stack.
+Parameters <code>funcindex</code> and <code>n</code> are as in the <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>
+(see <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing)
+when the index is greater than the number of upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_upvalueid"><code>lua_upvalueid</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_upvalueid (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns an unique identifier for the upvalue numbered <code>n</code>
+from the closure at index <code>funcindex</code>.
+Parameters <code>funcindex</code> and <code>n</code> are as in the <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>
+(see <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>)
+(but <code>n</code> cannot be greater than the number of upvalues).
+
+
+<p>
+These unique identifiers allow a program to check whether different
+closures share upvalues.
+Lua closures that share an upvalue
+(that is, that access a same external local variable)
+will return identical ids for those upvalue indices.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_upvaluejoin"><code>lua_upvaluejoin</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L, int funcindex1, int n1,
+ int funcindex2, int n2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Make the <code>n1</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure at index <code>funcindex1</code>
+refer to the <code>n2</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure at index <code>funcindex2</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>5 – <a name="5">The Auxiliary Library</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+
+The <em>auxiliary library</em> provides several convenient functions
+to interface C with Lua.
+While the basic API provides the primitive functions for all
+interactions between C and Lua,
+the auxiliary library provides higher-level functions for some
+common tasks.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions and types from the auxiliary library
+are defined in header file <code>lauxlib.h</code> and
+have a prefix <code>luaL_</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions in the auxiliary library are built on
+top of the basic API,
+and so they provide nothing that cannot be done with that API.
+Nevertheless, the use of the auxiliary library ensures
+more consistency to your code.
+
+
+<p>
+Several functions in the auxiliary library use internally some
+extra stack slots.
+When a function in the auxiliary library uses less than five slots,
+it does not check the stack size;
+it simply assumes that there are enough slots.
+
+
+<p>
+Several functions in the auxiliary library are used to
+check C function arguments.
+Because the error message is formatted for arguments
+(e.g., "<code>bad argument #1</code>"),
+you should not use these functions for other stack values.
+
+
+<p>
+Functions called <code>luaL_check*</code>
+always throw an error if the check is not satisfied.
+
+
+
+<h2>5.1 – <a name="5.1">Functions and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Here we list all functions and types from the auxiliary library
+in alphabetical order.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addchar"><code>luaL_addchar</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addchar (luaL_Buffer *B, char c);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the byte <code>c</code> to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addlstring"><code>luaL_addlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with length <code>l</code> to
+the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+The string can contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds to the buffer <code>B</code> (see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>)
+a string of length <code>n</code> previously copied to the
+buffer area (see <a href="#luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addstring"><code>luaL_addstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code>
+to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+The string cannot contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +?, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the value at the top of the stack
+to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+Pops the value.
+
+
+<p>
+This is the only function on string buffers that can (and must)
+be called with an extra element on the stack,
+which is the value to be added to the buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argcheck"><code>luaL_argcheck</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_argcheck (lua_State *L,
+ int cond,
+ int arg,
+ const char *extramsg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>cond</code> is true.
+If not, raises an error with a standard message.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argerror"><code>luaL_argerror</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *extramsg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises an error with a standard message
+that includes <code>extramsg</code> as a comment.
+
+
+<p>
+This function never returns,
+but it is an idiom to use it in C functions
+as <code>return luaL_argerror(<em>args</em>)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for a <em>string buffer</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A string buffer allows C code to build Lua strings piecemeal.
+Its pattern of use is as follows:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>First declare a variable <code>b</code> of type <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>.</li>
+
+<li>Then initialize it with a call <code>luaL_buffinit(L, &b)</code>.</li>
+
+<li>
+Then add string pieces to the buffer calling any of
+the <code>luaL_add*</code> functions.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Finish by calling <code>luaL_pushresult(&b)</code>.
+This call leaves the final string on the top of the stack.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+If you know beforehand the total size of the resulting string,
+you can use the buffer like this:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>First declare a variable <code>b</code> of type <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>.</li>
+
+<li>Then initialize it and preallocate a space of
+size <code>sz</code> with a call <code>luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, sz)</code>.</li>
+
+<li>Then copy the string into that space.</li>
+
+<li>
+Finish by calling <code>luaL_pushresultsize(&b, sz)</code>,
+where <code>sz</code> is the total size of the resulting string
+copied into that space.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+During its normal operation,
+a string buffer uses a variable number of stack slots.
+So, while using a buffer, you cannot assume that you know where
+the top of the stack is.
+You can use the stack between successive calls to buffer operations
+as long as that use is balanced;
+that is,
+when you call a buffer operation,
+the stack is at the same level
+it was immediately after the previous buffer operation.
+(The only exception to this rule is <a href="#luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a>.)
+After calling <a href="#luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a> the stack is back to its
+level when the buffer was initialized,
+plus the final string on its top.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffinit"><code>luaL_buffinit</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Initializes a buffer <code>B</code>.
+This function does not allocate any space;
+the buffer must be declared as a variable
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffinitsize"><code>luaL_buffinitsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_buffinitsize (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to the sequence
+<a href="#luaL_buffinit"><code>luaL_buffinit</code></a>, <a href="#luaL_prepbuffsize"><code>luaL_prepbuffsize</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_callmeta"><code>luaL_callmeta</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a metamethod.
+
+
+<p>
+If the object at index <code>obj</code> has a metatable and this
+metatable has a field <code>e</code>,
+this function calls this field passing the object as its only argument.
+In this case this function returns true and pushes onto the
+stack the value returned by the call.
+If there is no metatable or no metamethod,
+this function returns false (without pushing any value on the stack).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkany"><code>luaL_checkany</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function has an argument
+of any type (including <b>nil</b>) at position <code>arg</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkint"><code>luaL_checkint</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_checkint (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to an <code>int</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkinteger"><code>luaL_checkinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklong"><code>luaL_checklong</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>long luaL_checklong (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to a <code>long</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklstring"><code>luaL_checklstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int arg, size_t *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a string
+and returns this string;
+if <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code> fills <code>*l</code>
+with the string's length.
+
+
+<p>
+This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result,
+so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checknumber"><code>luaL_checknumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number
+and returns this number.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkoption"><code>luaL_checkoption</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L,
+ int arg,
+ const char *def,
+ const char *const lst[]);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a string and
+searches for this string in the array <code>lst</code>
+(which must be NULL-terminated).
+Returns the index in the array where the string was found.
+Raises an error if the argument is not a string or
+if the string cannot be found.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>def</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+the function uses <code>def</code> as a default value when
+there is no argument <code>arg</code> or when this argument is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+This is a useful function for mapping strings to C enums.
+(The usual convention in Lua libraries is
+to use strings instead of numbers to select options.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstack"><code>luaL_checkstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Grows the stack size to <code>top + sz</code> elements,
+raising an error if the stack cannot grow to that size.
+<code>msg</code> is an additional text to go into the error message
+(or <code>NULL</code> for no additional text).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstring"><code>luaL_checkstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_checkstring (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a string
+and returns this string.
+
+
+<p>
+This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result,
+so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checktype"><code>luaL_checktype</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int arg, int t);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> has type <code>t</code>.
+See <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> for the encoding of types for <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkudata"><code>luaL_checkudata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a userdata
+of the type <code>tname</code> (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>) and
+returns the userdata address (see <a href="#lua_touserdata"><code>lua_touserdata</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkunsigned"><code>luaL_checkunsigned</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Unsigned luaL_checkunsigned (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Unsigned"><code>lua_Unsigned</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkversion"><code>luaL_checkversion</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkversion (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the core running the call,
+the core that created the Lua state,
+and the code making the call are all using the same version of Lua.
+Also checks whether the core running the call
+and the core that created the Lua state
+are using the same address space.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dofile"><code>luaL_dofile</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_dofile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads and runs the given file.
+It is defined as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+ (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+</pre><p>
+It returns false if there are no errors
+or true in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dostring"><code>luaL_dostring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_dostring (lua_State *L, const char *str);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads and runs the given string.
+It is defined as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+ (luaL_loadstring(L, str) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+</pre><p>
+It returns false if there are no errors
+or true in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises an error.
+The error message format is given by <code>fmt</code>
+plus any extra arguments,
+following the same rules of <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>.
+It also adds at the beginning of the message the file name and
+the line number where the error occurred,
+if this information is available.
+
+
+<p>
+This function never returns,
+but it is an idiom to use it in C functions
+as <code>return luaL_error(<em>args</em>)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_execresult"><code>luaL_execresult</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +3, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_execresult (lua_State *L, int stat);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function produces the return values for
+process-related functions in the standard library
+(<a href="#pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-io.close"><code>io.close</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_fileresult"><code>luaL_fileresult</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(1|3), <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_fileresult (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function produces the return values for
+file-related functions in the standard library
+(<a href="#pdf-io.open"><code>io.open</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-os.rename"><code>os.rename</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-file:seek"><code>file:seek</code></a>, etc.).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetafield"><code>luaL_getmetafield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the field <code>e</code> from the metatable
+of the object at index <code>obj</code>.
+If the object does not have a metatable,
+or if the metatable does not have this field,
+returns false and pushes nothing.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetatable"><code>luaL_getmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_getmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the metatable associated with name <code>tname</code>
+in the registry (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getsubtable"><code>luaL_getsubtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_getsubtable (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Ensures that the value <code>t[fname]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at index <code>idx</code>,
+is a table,
+and pushes that table onto the stack.
+Returns true if it finds a previous table there
+and false if it creates a new table.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_gsub"><code>luaL_gsub</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L,
+ const char *s,
+ const char *p,
+ const char *r);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a copy of string <code>s</code> by replacing
+any occurrence of the string <code>p</code>
+with the string <code>r</code>.
+Pushes the resulting string on the stack and returns it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_len"><code>luaL_len</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_len (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the "length" of the value at the given index
+as a number;
+it is equivalent to the '<code>#</code>' operator in Lua (see <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a>).
+Raises an error if the result of the operation is not a number.
+(This case only can happen through metamethods.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadbuffer"><code>luaL_loadbuffer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadbuffer (lua_State *L,
+ const char *buff,
+ size_t sz,
+ const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#luaL_loadbufferx"><code>luaL_loadbufferx</code></a> with <code>mode</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadbufferx"><code>luaL_loadbufferx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadbufferx (lua_State *L,
+ const char *buff,
+ size_t sz,
+ const char *name,
+ const char *mode);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a buffer as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the
+buffer pointed to by <code>buff</code> with size <code>sz</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+<code>name</code> is the chunk name,
+used for debug information and error messages.
+The string <code>mode</code> works as in function <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadfile"><code>luaL_loadfile</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadfile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#luaL_loadfilex"><code>luaL_loadfilex</code></a> with <code>mode</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadfilex"><code>luaL_loadfilex</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadfilex (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
+ const char *mode);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a file as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the file
+named <code>filename</code>.
+If <code>filename</code> is <code>NULL</code>,
+then it loads from the standard input.
+The first line in the file is ignored if it starts with a <code>#</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The string <code>mode</code> works as in function <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>,
+but it has an extra error code <a name="pdf-LUA_ERRFILE"><code>LUA_ERRFILE</code></a>
+if it cannot open/read the file or the file has a wrong mode.
+
+
+<p>
+As <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadstring"><code>luaL_loadstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a string as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in
+the zero-terminated string <code>s</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Also as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newlib"><code>luaL_newlib</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_newlib (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new table and registers there
+the functions in list <code>l</code>.
+It is implemented as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+ (luaL_newlibtable(L,l), luaL_setfuncs(L,l,0))
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newlibtable"><code>luaL_newlibtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_newlibtable (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg l[]);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new table with a size optimized
+to store all entries in the array <code>l</code>
+(but does not actually store them).
+It is intended to be used in conjunction with <a href="#luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a>
+(see <a href="#luaL_newlib"><code>luaL_newlib</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+It is implemented as a macro.
+The array <code>l</code> must be the actual array,
+not a pointer to it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the registry already has the key <code>tname</code>,
+returns 0.
+Otherwise,
+creates a new table to be used as a metatable for userdata,
+adds it to the registry with key <code>tname</code>,
+and returns 1.
+
+
+<p>
+In both cases pushes onto the stack the final value associated
+with <code>tname</code> in the registry.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *luaL_newstate (void);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new Lua state.
+It calls <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a> with an
+allocator based on the standard C <code>realloc</code> function
+and then sets a panic function (see <a href="#4.6">§4.6</a>) that prints
+an error message to the standard error output in case of fatal
+errors.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the new state,
+or <code>NULL</code> if there is a memory allocation error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Opens all standard Lua libraries into the given state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optint"><code>luaL_optint</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_optint (lua_State *L, int arg, int d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to an <code>int</code>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optinteger"><code>luaL_optinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L,
+ int arg,
+ lua_Integer d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlong"><code>luaL_optlong</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>long luaL_optlong (lua_State *L, int arg, long d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to a <code>long</code>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlstring"><code>luaL_optlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L,
+ int arg,
+ const char *d,
+ size_t *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is a string,
+returns this string.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+fills the position <code>*l</code> with the result's length.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optnumber"><code>luaL_optnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int arg, lua_Number d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number,
+returns this number.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optstring"><code>luaL_optstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_optstring (lua_State *L,
+ int arg,
+ const char *d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is a string,
+returns this string.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optunsigned"><code>luaL_optunsigned</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Unsigned luaL_optunsigned (lua_State *L,
+ int arg,
+ lua_Unsigned u);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Unsigned"><code>lua_Unsigned</code></a>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>u</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#luaL_prepbuffsize"><code>luaL_prepbuffsize</code></a>
+with the predefined size <a name="pdf-LUAL_BUFFERSIZE"><code>LUAL_BUFFERSIZE</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_prepbuffsize"><code>luaL_prepbuffsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns an address to a space of size <code>sz</code>
+where you can copy a string to be added to buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+After copying the string into this space you must call
+<a href="#luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a> with the size of the string to actually add
+it to the buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Finishes the use of buffer <code>B</code> leaving the final string on
+the top of the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_pushresultsize"><code>luaL_pushresultsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_pushresultsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to the sequence <a href="#luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a>, <a href="#luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates and returns a <em>reference</em>,
+in the table at index <code>t</code>,
+for the object at the top of the stack (and pops the object).
+
+
+<p>
+A reference is a unique integer key.
+As long as you do not manually add integer keys into table <code>t</code>,
+<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> ensures the uniqueness of the key it returns.
+You can retrieve an object referred by reference <code>r</code>
+by calling <code>lua_rawgeti(L, t, r)</code>.
+Function <a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> frees a reference and its associated object.
+
+
+<p>
+If the object at the top of the stack is <b>nil</b>,
+<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> returns the constant <a name="pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>.
+The constant <a name="pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> is guaranteed to be different
+from any reference returned by <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Reg {
+ const char *name;
+ lua_CFunction func;
+} luaL_Reg;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for arrays of functions to be registered by
+<a href="#luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a>.
+<code>name</code> is the function name and <code>func</code> is a pointer to
+the function.
+Any array of <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a> must end with an sentinel entry
+in which both <code>name</code> and <code>func</code> are <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_requiref"><code>luaL_requiref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_requiref (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+ lua_CFunction openf, int glb);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls function <code>openf</code> with string <code>modname</code> as an argument
+and sets the call result in <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>,
+as if that function has been called through <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>glb</code> is true,
+also stores the result into global <code>modname</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Leaves a copy of that result on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-nup, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_setfuncs (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Registers all functions in the array <code>l</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a>) into the table on the top of the stack
+(below optional upvalues, see next).
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>nup</code> is not zero,
+all functions are created sharing <code>nup</code> upvalues,
+which must be previously pushed on the stack
+on top of the library table.
+These values are popped from the stack after the registration.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_setmetatable"><code>luaL_setmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_setmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable of the object at the top of the stack
+as the metatable associated with name <code>tname</code>
+in the registry (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_testudata"><code>luaL_testudata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *luaL_testudata (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function works like <a href="#luaL_checkudata"><code>luaL_checkudata</code></a>,
+except that, when the test fails,
+it returns <code>NULL</code> instead of throwing an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_tolstring"><code>luaL_tolstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts any Lua value at the given index to a C string
+in a reasonable format.
+The resulting string is pushed onto the stack and also
+returned by the function.
+If <code>len</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+the function also sets <code>*len</code> with the string length.
+
+
+<p>
+If the value has a metatable with a <code>"__tostring"</code> field,
+then <code>luaL_tolstring</code> calls the corresponding metamethod
+with the value as argument,
+and uses the result of the call as its result.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_traceback"><code>luaL_traceback</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *msg,
+ int level);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates and pushes a traceback of the stack <code>L1</code>.
+If <code>msg</code> is not <code>NULL</code> it is appended
+at the beginning of the traceback.
+The <code>level</code> parameter tells at which level
+to start the traceback.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_typename"><code>luaL_typename</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_typename (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the name of the type of the value at the given index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Releases reference <code>ref</code> from the table at index <code>t</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>).
+The entry is removed from the table,
+so that the referred object can be collected.
+The reference <code>ref</code> is also freed to be used again.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>ref</code> is <a href="#pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>,
+<a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> does nothing.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_where"><code>luaL_where</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int lvl);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack a string identifying the current position
+of the control at level <code>lvl</code> in the call stack.
+Typically this string has the following format:
+
+<pre>
+ <em>chunkname</em>:<em>currentline</em>:
+</pre><p>
+Level 0 is the running function,
+level 1 is the function that called the running function,
+etc.
+
+
+<p>
+This function is used to build a prefix for error messages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>6 – <a name="6">Standard Libraries</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+The standard Lua libraries provide useful functions
+that are implemented directly through the C API.
+Some of these functions provide essential services to the language
+(e.g., <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a>);
+others provide access to "outside" services (e.g., I/O);
+and others could be implemented in Lua itself,
+but are quite useful or have critical performance requirements that
+deserve an implementation in C (e.g., <a href="#pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+All libraries are implemented through the official C API
+and are provided as separate C modules.
+Currently, Lua has the following standard libraries:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>basic library (<a href="#6.1">§6.1</a>);</li>
+
+<li>coroutine library (<a href="#6.2">§6.2</a>);</li>
+
+<li>package library (<a href="#6.3">§6.3</a>);</li>
+
+<li>string manipulation (<a href="#6.4">§6.4</a>);</li>
+
+<li>table manipulation (<a href="#6.5">§6.5</a>);</li>
+
+<li>mathematical functions (<a href="#6.6">§6.6</a>) (sin, log, etc.);</li>
+
+<li>bitwise operations (<a href="#6.7">§6.7</a>);</li>
+
+<li>input and output (<a href="#6.8">§6.8</a>);</li>
+
+<li>operating system facilities (<a href="#6.9">§6.9</a>);</li>
+
+<li>debug facilities (<a href="#6.10">§6.10</a>).</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+Except for the basic and the package libraries,
+each library provides all its functions as fields of a global table
+or as methods of its objects.
+
+
+<p>
+To have access to these libraries,
+the C host program should call the <a href="#luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a> function,
+which opens all standard libraries.
+Alternatively,
+the host program can open them individually by using
+<a href="#luaL_requiref"><code>luaL_requiref</code></a> to call
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_base"><code>luaopen_base</code></a> (for the basic library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_package"><code>luaopen_package</code></a> (for the package library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_coroutine"><code>luaopen_coroutine</code></a> (for the coroutine library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_string"><code>luaopen_string</code></a> (for the string library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_table"><code>luaopen_table</code></a> (for the table library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_math"><code>luaopen_math</code></a> (for the mathematical library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_bit32"><code>luaopen_bit32</code></a> (for the bit library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_io"><code>luaopen_io</code></a> (for the I/O library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_os"><code>luaopen_os</code></a> (for the Operating System library),
+and <a name="pdf-luaopen_debug"><code>luaopen_debug</code></a> (for the debug library).
+These functions are declared in <a name="pdf-lualib.h"><code>lualib.h</code></a>.
+
+
+
+<h2>6.1 – <a name="6.1">Basic Functions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The basic library provides core functions to Lua.
+If you do not include this library in your application,
+you should check carefully whether you need to provide
+implementations for some of its facilities.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-assert"><code>assert (v [, message])</code></a></h3>
+Issues an error when
+the value of its argument <code>v</code> is false (i.e., <b>nil</b> or <b>false</b>);
+otherwise, returns all its arguments.
+<code>message</code> is an error message;
+when absent, it defaults to "assertion failed!"
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage ([opt [, arg]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is a generic interface to the garbage collector.
+It performs different functions according to its first argument, <code>opt</code>:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>collect</code>": </b>
+performs a full garbage-collection cycle.
+This is the default option.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>stop</code>": </b>
+stops automatic execution of the garbage collector.
+The collector will run only when explicitly invoked,
+until a call to restart it.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>restart</code>": </b>
+restarts automatic execution of the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>count</code>": </b>
+returns the total memory in use by Lua (in Kbytes) and
+a second value with the total memory in bytes modulo 1024.
+The first value has a fractional part,
+so the following equality is always true:
+
+<pre>
+ k, b = collectgarbage("count")
+ assert(k*1024 == math.floor(k)*1024 + b)
+</pre><p>
+(The second result is useful when Lua is compiled
+with a non floating-point type for numbers.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>step</code>": </b>
+performs a garbage-collection step.
+The step "size" is controlled by <code>arg</code>
+(larger values mean more steps) in a non-specified way.
+If you want to control the step size
+you must experimentally tune the value of <code>arg</code>.
+Returns <b>true</b> if the step finished a collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>setpause</code>": </b>
+sets <code>arg</code> as the new value for the <em>pause</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+Returns the previous value for <em>pause</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>setstepmul</code>": </b>
+sets <code>arg</code> as the new value for the <em>step multiplier</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+Returns the previous value for <em>step</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>isrunning</code>": </b>
+returns a boolean that tells whether the collector is running
+(i.e., not stopped).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>generational</code>": </b>
+changes the collector to generational mode.
+This is an experimental feature (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>incremental</code>": </b>
+changes the collector to incremental mode.
+This is the default mode.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-dofile"><code>dofile ([filename])</code></a></h3>
+Opens the named file and executes its contents as a Lua chunk.
+When called without arguments,
+<code>dofile</code> executes the contents of the standard input (<code>stdin</code>).
+Returns all values returned by the chunk.
+In case of errors, <code>dofile</code> propagates the error
+to its caller (that is, <code>dofile</code> does not run in protected mode).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-error"><code>error (message [, level])</code></a></h3>
+Terminates the last protected function called
+and returns <code>message</code> as the error message.
+Function <code>error</code> never returns.
+
+
+<p>
+Usually, <code>error</code> adds some information about the error position
+at the beginning of the message, if the message is a string.
+The <code>level</code> argument specifies how to get the error position.
+With level 1 (the default), the error position is where the
+<code>error</code> function was called.
+Level 2 points the error to where the function
+that called <code>error</code> was called; and so on.
+Passing a level 0 avoids the addition of error position information
+to the message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a></h3>
+A global variable (not a function) that
+holds the global environment (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+Lua itself does not use this variable;
+changing its value does not affect any environment,
+nor vice-versa.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable (object)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>object</code> does not have a metatable, returns <b>nil</b>.
+Otherwise,
+if the object's metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field,
+returns the associated value.
+Otherwise, returns the metatable of the given object.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-ipairs"><code>ipairs (t)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>t</code> has a metamethod <code>__ipairs</code>,
+calls it with <code>t</code> as argument and returns the first three
+results from the call.
+
+
+<p>
+Otherwise,
+returns three values: an iterator function, the table <code>t</code>, and 0,
+so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for i,v in ipairs(t) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over the pairs (<code>1,t[1]</code>), (<code>2,t[2]</code>), ...,
+up to the first integer key absent from the table.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-load"><code>load (ld [, source [, mode [, env]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Loads a chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>ld</code> is a string, the chunk is this string.
+If <code>ld</code> is a function,
+<code>load</code> calls it repeatedly to get the chunk pieces.
+Each call to <code>ld</code> must return a string that concatenates
+with previous results.
+A return of an empty string, <b>nil</b>, or no value signals the end of the chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+If there are no syntactic errors,
+returns the compiled chunk as a function;
+otherwise, returns <b>nil</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+<p>
+If the resulting function has upvalues,
+the first upvalue is set to the value of <code>env</code>,
+if that parameter is given,
+or to the value of the global environment.
+(When you load a main chunk,
+the resulting function will always have exactly one upvalue,
+the <code>_ENV</code> variable (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+When you load a binary chunk created from a function (see <a href="#pdf-string.dump"><code>string.dump</code></a>),
+the resulting function can have arbitrary upvalues.)
+
+
+<p>
+<code>source</code> is used as the source of the chunk for error messages
+and debug information (see <a href="#4.9">§4.9</a>).
+When absent,
+it defaults to <code>ld</code>, if <code>ld</code> is a string,
+or to "<code>=(load)</code>" otherwise.
+
+
+<p>
+The string <code>mode</code> controls whether the chunk can be text or binary
+(that is, a precompiled chunk).
+It may be the string "<code>b</code>" (only binary chunks),
+"<code>t</code>" (only text chunks),
+or "<code>bt</code>" (both binary and text).
+The default is "<code>bt</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile ([filename [, mode [, env]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>,
+but gets the chunk from file <code>filename</code>
+or from the standard input,
+if no file name is given.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-next"><code>next (table [, index])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Allows a program to traverse all fields of a table.
+Its first argument is a table and its second argument
+is an index in this table.
+<code>next</code> returns the next index of the table
+and its associated value.
+When called with <b>nil</b> as its second argument,
+<code>next</code> returns an initial index
+and its associated value.
+When called with the last index,
+or with <b>nil</b> in an empty table,
+<code>next</code> returns <b>nil</b>.
+If the second argument is absent, then it is interpreted as <b>nil</b>.
+In particular,
+you can use <code>next(t)</code> to check whether a table is empty.
+
+
+<p>
+The order in which the indices are enumerated is not specified,
+<em>even for numeric indices</em>.
+(To traverse a table in numeric order,
+use a numerical <b>for</b>.)
+
+
+<p>
+The behavior of <code>next</code> is undefined if,
+during the traversal,
+you assign any value to a non-existent field in the table.
+You may however modify existing fields.
+In particular, you may clear existing fields.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pairs"><code>pairs (t)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>t</code> has a metamethod <code>__pairs</code>,
+calls it with <code>t</code> as argument and returns the first three
+results from the call.
+
+
+<p>
+Otherwise,
+returns three values: the <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> function, the table <code>t</code>, and <b>nil</b>,
+so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for k,v in pairs(t) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all key–value pairs of table <code>t</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+See function <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> for the caveats of modifying
+the table during its traversal.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pcall"><code>pcall (f [, arg1, ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Calls function <code>f</code> with
+the given arguments in <em>protected mode</em>.
+This means that any error inside <code>f</code> is not propagated;
+instead, <code>pcall</code> catches the error
+and returns a status code.
+Its first result is the status code (a boolean),
+which is true if the call succeeds without errors.
+In such case, <code>pcall</code> also returns all results from the call,
+after this first result.
+In case of any error, <code>pcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-print"><code>print (···)</code></a></h3>
+Receives any number of arguments
+and prints their values to <code>stdout</code>,
+using the <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a> function to convert each argument to a string.
+<code>print</code> is not intended for formatted output,
+but only as a quick way to show a value,
+for instance for debugging.
+For complete control over the output,
+use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-io.write"><code>io.write</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawequal"><code>rawequal (v1, v2)</code></a></h3>
+Checks whether <code>v1</code> is equal to <code>v2</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+Returns a boolean.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawget"><code>rawget (table, index)</code></a></h3>
+Gets the real value of <code>table[index]</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+<code>table</code> must be a table;
+<code>index</code> may be any value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawlen"><code>rawlen (v)</code></a></h3>
+Returns the length of the object <code>v</code>,
+which must be a table or a string,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+Returns an integer number.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawset"><code>rawset (table, index, value)</code></a></h3>
+Sets the real value of <code>table[index]</code> to <code>value</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+<code>table</code> must be a table,
+<code>index</code> any value different from <b>nil</b> and NaN,
+and <code>value</code> any Lua value.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns <code>table</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-select"><code>select (index, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>index</code> is a number,
+returns all arguments after argument number <code>index</code>;
+a negative number indexes from the end (-1 is the last argument).
+Otherwise, <code>index</code> must be the string <code>"#"</code>,
+and <code>select</code> returns the total number of extra arguments it received.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable (table, metatable)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable for the given table.
+(You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua, only from C.)
+If <code>metatable</code> is <b>nil</b>,
+removes the metatable of the given table.
+If the original metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field,
+raises an error.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns <code>table</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber (e [, base])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+When called with no <code>base</code>,
+<code>tonumber</code> tries to convert its argument to a number.
+If the argument is already a number or
+a string convertible to a number (see <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>),
+then <code>tonumber</code> returns this number;
+otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with <code>base</code>,
+then <code>e</code> should be a string to be interpreted as
+an integer numeral in that base.
+The base may be any integer between 2 and 36, inclusive.
+In bases above 10, the letter '<code>A</code>' (in either upper or lower case)
+represents 10, '<code>B</code>' represents 11, and so forth,
+with '<code>Z</code>' representing 35.
+If the string <code>e</code> is not a valid numeral in the given base,
+the function returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tostring"><code>tostring (v)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a value of any type and
+converts it to a string in a reasonable format.
+(For complete control of how numbers are converted,
+use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>.)
+
+
+<p>
+If the metatable of <code>v</code> has a <code>"__tostring"</code> field,
+then <code>tostring</code> calls the corresponding value
+with <code>v</code> as argument,
+and uses the result of the call as its result.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-type"><code>type (v)</code></a></h3>
+Returns the type of its only argument, coded as a string.
+The possible results of this function are
+"<code>nil</code>" (a string, not the value <b>nil</b>),
+"<code>number</code>",
+"<code>string</code>",
+"<code>boolean</code>",
+"<code>table</code>",
+"<code>function</code>",
+"<code>thread</code>",
+and "<code>userdata</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a></h3>
+A global variable (not a function) that
+holds a string containing the current interpreter version.
+The current contents of this variable is "<code>Lua 5.2</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall (f, msgh [, arg1, ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is similar to <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a>,
+except that it sets a new message handler <code>msgh</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.2 – <a name="6.2">Coroutine Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The operations related to coroutines comprise a sub-library of
+the basic library and come inside the table <a name="pdf-coroutine"><code>coroutine</code></a>.
+See <a href="#2.6">§2.6</a> for a general description of coroutines.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create (f)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>.
+<code>f</code> must be a Lua function.
+Returns this new coroutine,
+an object with type <code>"thread"</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume (co [, val1, ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Starts or continues the execution of coroutine <code>co</code>.
+The first time you resume a coroutine,
+it starts running its body.
+The values <code>val1</code>, ... are passed
+as the arguments to the body function.
+If the coroutine has yielded,
+<code>resume</code> restarts it;
+the values <code>val1</code>, ... are passed
+as the results from the yield.
+
+
+<p>
+If the coroutine runs without any errors,
+<code>resume</code> returns <b>true</b> plus any values passed to <code>yield</code>
+(if the coroutine yields) or any values returned by the body function
+(if the coroutine terminates).
+If there is any error,
+<code>resume</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.running"><code>coroutine.running ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the running coroutine plus a boolean,
+true when the running coroutine is the main one.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.status"><code>coroutine.status (co)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the status of coroutine <code>co</code>, as a string:
+<code>"running"</code>,
+if the coroutine is running (that is, it called <code>status</code>);
+<code>"suspended"</code>, if the coroutine is suspended in a call to <code>yield</code>,
+or if it has not started running yet;
+<code>"normal"</code> if the coroutine is active but not running
+(that is, it has resumed another coroutine);
+and <code>"dead"</code> if the coroutine has finished its body function,
+or if it has stopped with an error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap (f)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>.
+<code>f</code> must be a Lua function.
+Returns a function that resumes the coroutine each time it is called.
+Any arguments passed to the function behave as the
+extra arguments to <code>resume</code>.
+Returns the same values returned by <code>resume</code>,
+except the first boolean.
+In case of error, propagates the error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Suspends the execution of the calling coroutine.
+Any arguments to <code>yield</code> are passed as extra results to <code>resume</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.3 – <a name="6.3">Modules</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The package library provides basic
+facilities for loading modules in Lua.
+It exports one function directly in the global environment:
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+Everything else is exported in a table <a name="pdf-package"><code>package</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-require"><code>require (modname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Loads the given module.
+The function starts by looking into the <a href="#pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a> table
+to determine whether <code>modname</code> is already loaded.
+If it is, then <code>require</code> returns the value stored
+at <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+Otherwise, it tries to find a <em>loader</em> for the module.
+
+
+<p>
+To find a loader,
+<code>require</code> is guided by the <a href="#pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a> sequence.
+By changing this sequence,
+we can change how <code>require</code> looks for a module.
+The following explanation is based on the default configuration
+for <a href="#pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+First <code>require</code> queries <code>package.preload[modname]</code>.
+If it has a value,
+this value (which should be a function) is the loader.
+Otherwise <code>require</code> searches for a Lua loader using the
+path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>.
+If that also fails, it searches for a C loader using the
+path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>.
+If that also fails,
+it tries an <em>all-in-one</em> loader (see <a href="#pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Once a loader is found,
+<code>require</code> calls the loader with two arguments:
+<code>modname</code> and an extra value dependent on how it got the loader.
+(If the loader came from a file,
+this extra value is the file name.)
+If the loader returns any non-nil value,
+<code>require</code> assigns the returned value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+If the loader does not return a non-nil value and
+has not assigned any value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>,
+then <code>require</code> assigns <b>true</b> to this entry.
+In any case, <code>require</code> returns the
+final value of <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If there is any error loading or running the module,
+or if it cannot find any loader for the module,
+then <code>require</code> raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.config"><code>package.config</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A string describing some compile-time configurations for packages.
+This string is a sequence of lines:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>The first line is the directory separator string.
+Default is '<code>\</code>' for Windows and '<code>/</code>' for all other systems.</li>
+
+<li>The second line is the character that separates templates in a path.
+Default is '<code>;</code>'.</li>
+
+<li>The third line is the string that marks the
+substitution points in a template.
+Default is '<code>?</code>'.</li>
+
+<li>The fourth line is a string that, in a path in Windows,
+is replaced by the executable's directory.
+Default is '<code>!</code>'.</li>
+
+<li>The fifth line is a mark to ignore all text before it
+when building the <code>luaopen_</code> function name.
+Default is '<code>-</code>'.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to search for a C loader.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua initializes the C path <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a> in the same way
+it initializes the Lua path <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>,
+using the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_CPATH_5_2"><code>LUA_CPATH_5_2</code></a>
+or the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_CPATH"><code>LUA_CPATH</code></a>
+or a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control which
+modules are already loaded.
+When you require a module <code>modname</code> and
+<code>package.loaded[modname]</code> is not false,
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> simply returns the value stored there.
+
+
+<p>
+This variable is only a reference to the real table;
+assignments to this variable do not change the
+table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loadlib"><code>package.loadlib (libname, funcname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Dynamically links the host program with the C library <code>libname</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>funcname</code> is "<code>*</code>",
+then it only links with the library,
+making the symbols exported by the library
+available to other dynamically linked libraries.
+Otherwise,
+it looks for a function <code>funcname</code> inside the library
+and returns this function as a C function.
+So, <code>funcname</code> must follow the <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a> prototype
+(see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+This is a low-level function.
+It completely bypasses the package and module system.
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>,
+it does not perform any path searching and
+does not automatically adds extensions.
+<code>libname</code> must be the complete file name of the C library,
+including if necessary a path and an extension.
+<code>funcname</code> must be the exact name exported by the C library
+(which may depend on the C compiler and linker used).
+
+
+<p>
+This function is not supported by Standard C.
+As such, it is only available on some platforms
+(Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, BSD,
+plus other Unix systems that support the <code>dlfcn</code> standard).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to search for a Lua loader.
+
+
+<p>
+At start-up, Lua initializes this variable with
+the value of the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_PATH_5_2"><code>LUA_PATH_5_2</code></a> or
+the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_PATH"><code>LUA_PATH</code></a> or
+with a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>,
+if those environment variables are not defined.
+Any "<code>;;</code>" in the value of the environment variable
+is replaced by the default path.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table to store loaders for specific modules
+(see <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+This variable is only a reference to the real table;
+assignments to this variable do not change the
+table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control how to load modules.
+
+
+<p>
+Each entry in this table is a <em>searcher function</em>.
+When looking for a module,
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> calls each of these searchers in ascending order,
+with the module name (the argument given to <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>) as its
+sole parameter.
+The function can return another function (the module <em>loader</em>)
+plus an extra value that will be passed to that loader,
+or a string explaining why it did not find that module
+(or <b>nil</b> if it has nothing to say).
+
+
+<p>
+Lua initializes this table with four searcher functions.
+
+
+<p>
+The first searcher simply looks for a loader in the
+<a href="#pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a> table.
+
+
+<p>
+The second searcher looks for a loader as a Lua library,
+using the path stored at <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>.
+The search is done as described in function <a href="#pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The third searcher looks for a loader as a C library,
+using the path given by the variable <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>.
+Again,
+the search is done as described in function <a href="#pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath</code></a>.
+For instance,
+if the C path is the string
+
+<pre>
+ "./?.so;./?.dll;/usr/local/?/init.so"
+</pre><p>
+the searcher for module <code>foo</code>
+will try to open the files <code>./foo.so</code>, <code>./foo.dll</code>,
+and <code>/usr/local/foo/init.so</code>, in that order.
+Once it finds a C library,
+this searcher first uses a dynamic link facility to link the
+application with the library.
+Then it tries to find a C function inside the library to
+be used as the loader.
+The name of this C function is the string "<code>luaopen_</code>"
+concatenated with a copy of the module name where each dot
+is replaced by an underscore.
+Moreover, if the module name has a hyphen,
+its prefix up to (and including) the first hyphen is removed.
+For instance, if the module name is <code>a.v1-b.c</code>,
+the function name will be <code>luaopen_b_c</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The fourth searcher tries an <em>all-in-one loader</em>.
+It searches the C path for a library for
+the root name of the given module.
+For instance, when requiring <code>a.b.c</code>,
+it will search for a C library for <code>a</code>.
+If found, it looks into it for an open function for
+the submodule;
+in our example, that would be <code>luaopen_a_b_c</code>.
+With this facility, a package can pack several C submodules
+into one single library,
+with each submodule keeping its original open function.
+
+
+<p>
+All searchers except the first one (preload) return as the extra value
+the file name where the module was found,
+as returned by <a href="#pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath</code></a>.
+The first searcher returns no extra value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath (name, path [, sep [, rep]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Searches for the given <code>name</code> in the given <code>path</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+A path is a string containing a sequence of
+<em>templates</em> separated by semicolons.
+For each template,
+the function replaces each interrogation mark (if any)
+in the template with a copy of <code>name</code>
+wherein all occurrences of <code>sep</code>
+(a dot, by default)
+were replaced by <code>rep</code>
+(the system's directory separator, by default),
+and then tries to open the resulting file name.
+
+
+<p>
+For instance, if the path is the string
+
+<pre>
+ "./?.lua;./?.lc;/usr/local/?/init.lua"
+</pre><p>
+the search for the name <code>foo.a</code>
+will try to open the files
+<code>./foo/a.lua</code>, <code>./foo/a.lc</code>, and
+<code>/usr/local/foo/a/init.lua</code>, in that order.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the resulting name of the first file that it can
+open in read mode (after closing the file),
+or <b>nil</b> plus an error message if none succeeds.
+(This error message lists all file names it tried to open.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.4 – <a name="6.4">String Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides generic functions for string manipulation,
+such as finding and extracting substrings, and pattern matching.
+When indexing a string in Lua, the first character is at position 1
+(not at 0, as in C).
+Indices are allowed to be negative and are interpreted as indexing backwards,
+from the end of the string.
+Thus, the last character is at position -1, and so on.
+
+
+<p>
+The string library provides all its functions inside the table
+<a name="pdf-string"><code>string</code></a>.
+It also sets a metatable for strings
+where the <code>__index</code> field points to the <code>string</code> table.
+Therefore, you can use the string functions in object-oriented style.
+For instance, <code>string.byte(s,i)</code>
+can be written as <code>s:byte(i)</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The string library assumes one-byte character encodings.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.byte"><code>string.byte (s [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the internal numerical codes of the characters <code>s[i]</code>,
+<code>s[i+1]</code>, ..., <code>s[j]</code>.
+The default value for <code>i</code> is 1;
+the default value for <code>j</code> is <code>i</code>.
+These indices are corrected
+following the same rules of function <a href="#pdf-string.sub"><code>string.sub</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Numerical codes are not necessarily portable across platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.char"><code>string.char (···)</code></a></h3>
+Receives zero or more integers.
+Returns a string with length equal to the number of arguments,
+in which each character has the internal numerical code equal
+to its corresponding argument.
+
+
+<p>
+Numerical codes are not necessarily portable across platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.dump"><code>string.dump (function)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string containing a binary representation of the given function,
+so that a later <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a> on this string returns
+a copy of the function (but with new upvalues).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.find"><code>string.find (s, pattern [, init [, plain]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Looks for the first match of
+<code>pattern</code> in the string <code>s</code>.
+If it finds a match, then <code>find</code> returns the indices of <code>s</code>
+where this occurrence starts and ends;
+otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>.
+A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is 1 and can be negative.
+A value of <b>true</b> as a fourth, optional argument <code>plain</code>
+turns off the pattern matching facilities,
+so the function does a plain "find substring" operation,
+with no characters in <code>pattern</code> being considered magic.
+Note that if <code>plain</code> is given, then <code>init</code> must be given as well.
+
+
+<p>
+If the pattern has captures,
+then in a successful match
+the captured values are also returned,
+after the two indices.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.format"><code>string.format (formatstring, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a formatted version of its variable number of arguments
+following the description given in its first argument (which must be a string).
+The format string follows the same rules as the ANSI C function <code>sprintf</code>.
+The only differences are that the options/modifiers
+<code>*</code>, <code>h</code>, <code>L</code>, <code>l</code>, <code>n</code>,
+and <code>p</code> are not supported
+and that there is an extra option, <code>q</code>.
+The <code>q</code> option formats a string between double quotes,
+using escape sequences when necessary to ensure that
+it can safely be read back by the Lua interpreter.
+For instance, the call
+
+<pre>
+ string.format('%q', 'a string with "quotes" and \n new line')
+</pre><p>
+may produce the string:
+
+<pre>
+ "a string with \"quotes\" and \
+ new line"
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Options
+<code>A</code> and <code>a</code> (when available),
+<code>E</code>, <code>e</code>, <code>f</code>,
+<code>G</code>, and <code>g</code> all expect a number as argument.
+Options <code>c</code>, <code>d</code>,
+<code>i</code>, <code>o</code>, <code>u</code>, <code>X</code>, and <code>x</code>
+also expect a number,
+but the range of that number may be limited by
+the underlying C implementation.
+For options <code>o</code>, <code>u</code>, <code>X</code>, and <code>x</code>,
+the number cannot be negative.
+Option <code>q</code> expects a string;
+option <code>s</code> expects a string without embedded zeros.
+If the argument to option <code>s</code> is not a string,
+it is converted to one following the same rules of <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch (s, pattern)</code></a></h3>
+Returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+returns the next captures from <code>pattern</code> over the string <code>s</code>.
+If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is produced in each call.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, the following loop
+will iterate over all the words from string <code>s</code>,
+printing one per line:
+
+<pre>
+ s = "hello world from Lua"
+ for w in string.gmatch(s, "%a+") do
+ print(w)
+ end
+</pre><p>
+The next example collects all pairs <code>key=value</code> from the
+given string into a table:
+
+<pre>
+ t = {}
+ s = "from=world, to=Lua"
+ for k, v in string.gmatch(s, "(%w+)=(%w+)") do
+ t[k] = v
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+For this function, a caret '<code>^</code>' at the start of a pattern does not
+work as an anchor, as this would prevent the iteration.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub (s, pattern, repl [, n])</code></a></h3>
+Returns a copy of <code>s</code>
+in which all (or the first <code>n</code>, if given)
+occurrences of the <code>pattern</code> have been
+replaced by a replacement string specified by <code>repl</code>,
+which can be a string, a table, or a function.
+<code>gsub</code> also returns, as its second value,
+the total number of matches that occurred.
+The name <code>gsub</code> comes from <em>Global SUBstitution</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a string, then its value is used for replacement.
+The character <code>%</code> works as an escape character:
+any sequence in <code>repl</code> of the form <code>%<em>d</em></code>,
+with <em>d</em> between 1 and 9,
+stands for the value of the <em>d</em>-th captured substring.
+The sequence <code>%0</code> stands for the whole match.
+The sequence <code>%%</code> stands for a single <code>%</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a table, then the table is queried for every match,
+using the first capture as the key.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a function, then this function is called every time a
+match occurs, with all captured substrings passed as arguments,
+in order.
+
+
+<p>
+In any case,
+if the pattern specifies no captures,
+then it behaves as if the whole pattern was inside a capture.
+
+
+<p>
+If the value returned by the table query or by the function call
+is a string or a number,
+then it is used as the replacement string;
+otherwise, if it is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>,
+then there is no replacement
+(that is, the original match is kept in the string).
+
+
+<p>
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ x = string.gsub("hello world", "(%w+)", "%1 %1")
+ --> x="hello hello world world"
+
+ x = string.gsub("hello world", "%w+", "%0 %0", 1)
+ --> x="hello hello world"
+
+ x = string.gsub("hello world from Lua", "(%w+)%s*(%w+)", "%2 %1")
+ --> x="world hello Lua from"
+
+ x = string.gsub("home = $HOME, user = $USER", "%$(%w+)", os.getenv)
+ --> x="home = /home/roberto, user = roberto"
+
+ x = string.gsub("4+5 = $return 4+5$", "%$(.-)%$", function (s)
+ return load(s)()
+ end)
+ --> x="4+5 = 9"
+
+ local t = {name="lua", version="5.2"}
+ x = string.gsub("$name-$version.tar.gz", "%$(%w+)", t)
+ --> x="lua-5.2.tar.gz"
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.len"><code>string.len (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns its length.
+The empty string <code>""</code> has length 0.
+Embedded zeros are counted,
+so <code>"a\000bc\000"</code> has length 5.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.lower"><code>string.lower (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all
+uppercase letters changed to lowercase.
+All other characters are left unchanged.
+The definition of what an uppercase letter is depends on the current locale.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.match"><code>string.match (s, pattern [, init])</code></a></h3>
+Looks for the first <em>match</em> of
+<code>pattern</code> in the string <code>s</code>.
+If it finds one, then <code>match</code> returns
+the captures from the pattern;
+otherwise it returns <b>nil</b>.
+If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is returned.
+A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is 1 and can be negative.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.rep"><code>string.rep (s, n [, sep])</code></a></h3>
+Returns a string that is the concatenation of <code>n</code> copies of
+the string <code>s</code> separated by the string <code>sep</code>.
+The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string
+(that is, no separator).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.reverse"><code>string.reverse (s)</code></a></h3>
+Returns a string that is the string <code>s</code> reversed.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.sub"><code>string.sub (s, i [, j])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the substring of <code>s</code> that
+starts at <code>i</code> and continues until <code>j</code>;
+<code>i</code> and <code>j</code> can be negative.
+If <code>j</code> is absent, then it is assumed to be equal to -1
+(which is the same as the string length).
+In particular,
+the call <code>string.sub(s,1,j)</code> returns a prefix of <code>s</code>
+with length <code>j</code>,
+and <code>string.sub(s, -i)</code> returns a suffix of <code>s</code>
+with length <code>i</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If, after the translation of negative indices,
+<code>i</code> is less than 1,
+it is corrected to 1.
+If <code>j</code> is greater than the string length,
+it is corrected to that length.
+If, after these corrections,
+<code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>,
+the function returns the empty string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.upper"><code>string.upper (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all
+lowercase letters changed to uppercase.
+All other characters are left unchanged.
+The definition of what a lowercase letter is depends on the current locale.
+
+
+
+<h3>6.4.1 – <a name="6.4.1">Patterns</a></h3>
+
+
+<h4>Character Class:</h4><p>
+A <em>character class</em> is used to represent a set of characters.
+The following combinations are allowed in describing a character class:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><em>x</em>: </b>
+(where <em>x</em> is not one of the <em>magic characters</em>
+<code>^$()%.[]*+-?</code>)
+represents the character <em>x</em> itself.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>.</code>: </b> (a dot) represents all characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%a</code>: </b> represents all letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%c</code>: </b> represents all control characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%d</code>: </b> represents all digits.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%g</code>: </b> represents all printable characters except space.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%l</code>: </b> represents all lowercase letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%p</code>: </b> represents all punctuation characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%s</code>: </b> represents all space characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%u</code>: </b> represents all uppercase letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%w</code>: </b> represents all alphanumeric characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%x</code>: </b> represents all hexadecimal digits.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%<em>x</em></code>: </b> (where <em>x</em> is any non-alphanumeric character)
+represents the character <em>x</em>.
+This is the standard way to escape the magic characters.
+Any punctuation character (even the non magic)
+can be preceded by a '<code>%</code>'
+when used to represent itself in a pattern.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>[<em>set</em>]</code>: </b>
+represents the class which is the union of all
+characters in <em>set</em>.
+A range of characters can be specified by
+separating the end characters of the range,
+in ascending order, with a '<code>-</code>',
+All classes <code>%</code><em>x</em> described above can also be used as
+components in <em>set</em>.
+All other characters in <em>set</em> represent themselves.
+For example, <code>[%w_]</code> (or <code>[_%w]</code>)
+represents all alphanumeric characters plus the underscore,
+<code>[0-7]</code> represents the octal digits,
+and <code>[0-7%l%-]</code> represents the octal digits plus
+the lowercase letters plus the '<code>-</code>' character.
+
+
+<p>
+The interaction between ranges and classes is not defined.
+Therefore, patterns like <code>[%a-z]</code> or <code>[a-%%]</code>
+have no meaning.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>[^<em>set</em>]</code>: </b>
+represents the complement of <em>set</em>,
+where <em>set</em> is interpreted as above.
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+For all classes represented by single letters (<code>%a</code>, <code>%c</code>, etc.),
+the corresponding uppercase letter represents the complement of the class.
+For instance, <code>%S</code> represents all non-space characters.
+
+
+<p>
+The definitions of letter, space, and other character groups
+depend on the current locale.
+In particular, the class <code>[a-z]</code> may not be equivalent to <code>%l</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Pattern Item:</h4><p>
+A <em>pattern item</em> can be
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+a single character class,
+which matches any single character in the class;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>*</code>',
+which matches 0 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>+</code>',
+which matches 1 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>-</code>',
+which also matches 0 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+Unlike '<code>*</code>',
+these repetition items will always match the shortest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>?</code>',
+which matches 0 or 1 occurrence of a character in the class;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%<em>n</em></code>, for <em>n</em> between 1 and 9;
+such item matches a substring equal to the <em>n</em>-th captured string
+(see below);
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%b<em>xy</em></code>, where <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are two distinct characters;
+such item matches strings that start with <em>x</em>, end with <em>y</em>,
+and where the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are <em>balanced</em>.
+This means that, if one reads the string from left to right,
+counting <em>+1</em> for an <em>x</em> and <em>-1</em> for a <em>y</em>,
+the ending <em>y</em> is the first <em>y</em> where the count reaches 0.
+For instance, the item <code>%b()</code> matches expressions with
+balanced parentheses.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%f[<em>set</em>]</code>, a <em>frontier pattern</em>;
+such item matches an empty string at any position such that
+the next character belongs to <em>set</em>
+and the previous character does not belong to <em>set</em>.
+The set <em>set</em> is interpreted as previously described.
+The beginning and the end of the subject are handled as if
+they were the character '<code>\0</code>'.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Pattern:</h4><p>
+A <em>pattern</em> is a sequence of pattern items.
+A caret '<code>^</code>' at the beginning of a pattern anchors the match at the
+beginning of the subject string.
+A '<code>$</code>' at the end of a pattern anchors the match at the
+end of the subject string.
+At other positions,
+'<code>^</code>' and '<code>$</code>' have no special meaning and represent themselves.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Captures:</h4><p>
+A pattern can contain sub-patterns enclosed in parentheses;
+they describe <em>captures</em>.
+When a match succeeds, the substrings of the subject string
+that match captures are stored (<em>captured</em>) for future use.
+Captures are numbered according to their left parentheses.
+For instance, in the pattern <code>"(a*(.)%w(%s*))"</code>,
+the part of the string matching <code>"a*(.)%w(%s*)"</code> is
+stored as the first capture (and therefore has number 1);
+the character matching "<code>.</code>" is captured with number 2,
+and the part matching "<code>%s*</code>" has number 3.
+
+
+<p>
+As a special case, the empty capture <code>()</code> captures
+the current string position (a number).
+For instance, if we apply the pattern <code>"()aa()"</code> on the
+string <code>"flaaap"</code>, there will be two captures: 3 and 5.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.5 – <a name="6.5">Table Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides generic functions for table manipulation.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-table"><code>table</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Remember that, whenever an operation needs the length of a table,
+the table should be a proper sequence
+or have a <code>__len</code> metamethod (see <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a>).
+All functions ignore non-numeric keys
+in tables given as arguments.
+
+
+<p>
+For performance reasons,
+all table accesses (get/set) performed by these functions are raw.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.concat"><code>table.concat (list [, sep [, i [, j]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Given a list where all elements are strings or numbers,
+returns the string <code>list[i]..sep..list[i+1] ··· sep..list[j]</code>.
+The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string,
+the default for <code>i</code> is 1,
+and the default for <code>j</code> is <code>#list</code>.
+If <code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>, returns the empty string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.insert"><code>table.insert (list, [pos,] value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Inserts element <code>value</code> at position <code>pos</code> in <code>list</code>,
+shifting up the elements
+<code>list[pos], list[pos+1], ···, list[#list]</code>.
+The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>#list+1</code>,
+so that a call <code>table.insert(t,x)</code> inserts <code>x</code> at the end
+of list <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.pack"><code>table.pack (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a new table with all parameters stored into keys 1, 2, etc.
+and with a field "<code>n</code>" with the total number of parameters.
+Note that the resulting table may not be a sequence.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.remove"><code>table.remove (list [, pos])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Removes from <code>list</code> the element at position <code>pos</code>,
+returning the value of the removed element.
+When <code>pos</code> is an integer between 1 and <code>#list</code>,
+it shifts down the elements
+<code>list[pos+1], list[pos+2], ···, list[#list]</code>
+and erases element <code>list[#list]</code>;
+The index <code>pos</code> can also be 0 when <code>#list</code> is 0,
+or <code>#list + 1</code>;
+in those cases, the function erases the element <code>list[pos]</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>#list</code>,
+so that a call <code>table.remove(t)</code> removes the last element
+of list <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort (list [, comp])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sorts list elements in a given order, <em>in-place</em>,
+from <code>list[1]</code> to <code>list[#list]</code>.
+If <code>comp</code> is given,
+then it must be a function that receives two list elements
+and returns true when the first element must come
+before the second in the final order
+(so that <code>not comp(list[i+1],list[i])</code> will be true after the sort).
+If <code>comp</code> is not given,
+then the standard Lua operator <code><</code> is used instead.
+
+
+<p>
+The sort algorithm is not stable;
+that is, elements considered equal by the given order
+may have their relative positions changed by the sort.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.unpack"><code>table.unpack (list [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the elements from the given table.
+This function is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ return list[i], list[i+1], ···, list[j]
+</pre><p>
+By default, <code>i</code> is 1 and <code>j</code> is <code>#list</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.6 – <a name="6.6">Mathematical Functions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library is an interface to the standard C math library.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-math"><code>math</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.abs"><code>math.abs (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the absolute value of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.acos"><code>math.acos (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc cosine of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.asin"><code>math.asin (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc sine of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan"><code>math.atan (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc tangent of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan2"><code>math.atan2 (y, x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc tangent of <code>y/x</code> (in radians),
+but uses the signs of both parameters to find the
+quadrant of the result.
+(It also handles correctly the case of <code>x</code> being zero.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ceil"><code>math.ceil (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the smallest integer larger than or equal to <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cos"><code>math.cos (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the cosine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cosh"><code>math.cosh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic cosine of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.deg"><code>math.deg (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the angle <code>x</code> (given in radians) in degrees.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.exp"><code>math.exp (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the value <em>e<sup>x</sup></em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.floor"><code>math.floor (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the largest integer smaller than or equal to <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.fmod"><code>math.fmod (x, y)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the remainder of the division of <code>x</code> by <code>y</code>
+that rounds the quotient towards zero.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.frexp"><code>math.frexp (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>m</code> and <code>e</code> such that <em>x = m2<sup>e</sup></em>,
+<code>e</code> is an integer and the absolute value of <code>m</code> is
+in the range <em>[0.5, 1)</em>
+(or zero when <code>x</code> is zero).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.huge"><code>math.huge</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The value <code>HUGE_VAL</code>,
+a value larger than or equal to any other numerical value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ldexp"><code>math.ldexp (m, e)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <em>m2<sup>e</sup></em> (<code>e</code> should be an integer).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.log"><code>math.log (x [, base])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the logarithm of <code>x</code> in the given base.
+The default for <code>base</code> is <em>e</em>
+(so that the function returns the natural logarithm of <code>x</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.max"><code>math.max (x, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the maximum value among its arguments.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.min"><code>math.min (x, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the minimum value among its arguments.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.modf"><code>math.modf (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns two numbers,
+the integral part of <code>x</code> and the fractional part of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pi"><code>math.pi</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The value of <em>π</em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pow"><code>math.pow (x, y)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <em>x<sup>y</sup></em>.
+(You can also use the expression <code>x^y</code> to compute this value.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.rad"><code>math.rad (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the angle <code>x</code> (given in degrees) in radians.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.random"><code>math.random ([m [, n]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is an interface to the simple
+pseudo-random generator function <code>rand</code> provided by Standard C.
+(No guarantees can be given for its statistical properties.)
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+returns a uniform pseudo-random real number
+in the range <em>[0,1)</em>.
+When called with an integer number <code>m</code>,
+<code>math.random</code> returns
+a uniform pseudo-random integer in the range <em>[1, m]</em>.
+When called with two integer numbers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code>,
+<code>math.random</code> returns a uniform pseudo-random
+integer in the range <em>[m, n]</em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.randomseed"><code>math.randomseed (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets <code>x</code> as the "seed"
+for the pseudo-random generator:
+equal seeds produce equal sequences of numbers.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sin"><code>math.sin (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the sine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sinh"><code>math.sinh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic sine of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sqrt"><code>math.sqrt (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the square root of <code>x</code>.
+(You can also use the expression <code>x^0.5</code> to compute this value.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tan"><code>math.tan (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the tangent of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tanh"><code>math.tanh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic tangent of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.7 – <a name="6.7">Bitwise Operations</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides bitwise operations.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-bit32"><code>bit32</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise stated,
+all functions accept numeric arguments in the range
+<em>(-2<sup>51</sup>,+2<sup>51</sup>)</em>;
+each argument is normalized to
+the remainder of its division by <em>2<sup>32</sup></em>
+and truncated to an integer (in some unspecified way),
+so that its final value falls in the range <em>[0,2<sup>32</sup> - 1]</em>.
+Similarly, all results are in the range <em>[0,2<sup>32</sup> - 1]</em>.
+Note that <code>bit32.bnot(0)</code> is <code>0xFFFFFFFF</code>,
+which is different from <code>-1</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.arshift"><code>bit32.arshift (x, disp)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number <code>x</code> shifted <code>disp</code> bits to the right.
+The number <code>disp</code> may be any representable integer.
+Negative displacements shift to the left.
+
+
+<p>
+This shift operation is what is called arithmetic shift.
+Vacant bits on the left are filled
+with copies of the higher bit of <code>x</code>;
+vacant bits on the right are filled with zeros.
+In particular,
+displacements with absolute values higher than 31
+result in zero or <code>0xFFFFFFFF</code> (all original bits are shifted out).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.band"><code>bit32.band (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the bitwise <em>and</em> of its operands.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.bnot"><code>bit32.bnot (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the bitwise negation of <code>x</code>.
+For any integer <code>x</code>,
+the following identity holds:
+
+<pre>
+ assert(bit32.bnot(x) == (-1 - x) % 2^32)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.bor"><code>bit32.bor (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the bitwise <em>or</em> of its operands.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.btest"><code>bit32.btest (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a boolean signaling
+whether the bitwise <em>and</em> of its operands is different from zero.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.bxor"><code>bit32.bxor (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the bitwise <em>exclusive or</em> of its operands.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.extract"><code>bit32.extract (n, field [, width])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the unsigned number formed by the bits
+<code>field</code> to <code>field + width - 1</code> from <code>n</code>.
+Bits are numbered from 0 (least significant) to 31 (most significant).
+All accessed bits must be in the range <em>[0, 31]</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+The default for <code>width</code> is 1.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.replace"><code>bit32.replace (n, v, field [, width])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a copy of <code>n</code> with
+the bits <code>field</code> to <code>field + width - 1</code>
+replaced by the value <code>v</code>.
+See <a href="#pdf-bit32.extract"><code>bit32.extract</code></a> for details about <code>field</code> and <code>width</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.lrotate"><code>bit32.lrotate (x, disp)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number <code>x</code> rotated <code>disp</code> bits to the left.
+The number <code>disp</code> may be any representable integer.
+
+
+<p>
+For any valid displacement,
+the following identity holds:
+
+<pre>
+ assert(bit32.lrotate(x, disp) == bit32.lrotate(x, disp % 32))
+</pre><p>
+In particular,
+negative displacements rotate to the right.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.lshift"><code>bit32.lshift (x, disp)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number <code>x</code> shifted <code>disp</code> bits to the left.
+The number <code>disp</code> may be any representable integer.
+Negative displacements shift to the right.
+In any direction, vacant bits are filled with zeros.
+In particular,
+displacements with absolute values higher than 31
+result in zero (all bits are shifted out).
+
+
+<p>
+For positive displacements,
+the following equality holds:
+
+<pre>
+ assert(bit32.lshift(b, disp) == (b * 2^disp) % 2^32)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.rrotate"><code>bit32.rrotate (x, disp)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number <code>x</code> rotated <code>disp</code> bits to the right.
+The number <code>disp</code> may be any representable integer.
+
+
+<p>
+For any valid displacement,
+the following identity holds:
+
+<pre>
+ assert(bit32.rrotate(x, disp) == bit32.rrotate(x, disp % 32))
+</pre><p>
+In particular,
+negative displacements rotate to the left.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.rshift"><code>bit32.rshift (x, disp)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number <code>x</code> shifted <code>disp</code> bits to the right.
+The number <code>disp</code> may be any representable integer.
+Negative displacements shift to the left.
+In any direction, vacant bits are filled with zeros.
+In particular,
+displacements with absolute values higher than 31
+result in zero (all bits are shifted out).
+
+
+<p>
+For positive displacements,
+the following equality holds:
+
+<pre>
+ assert(bit32.rshift(b, disp) == math.floor(b % 2^32 / 2^disp))
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+This shift operation is what is called logical shift.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.8 – <a name="6.8">Input and Output Facilities</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The I/O library provides two different styles for file manipulation.
+The first one uses implicit file descriptors;
+that is, there are operations to set a default input file and a
+default output file,
+and all input/output operations are over these default files.
+The second style uses explicit file descriptors.
+
+
+<p>
+When using implicit file descriptors,
+all operations are supplied by table <a name="pdf-io"><code>io</code></a>.
+When using explicit file descriptors,
+the operation <a href="#pdf-io.open"><code>io.open</code></a> returns a file descriptor
+and then all operations are supplied as methods of the file descriptor.
+
+
+<p>
+The table <code>io</code> also provides
+three predefined file descriptors with their usual meanings from C:
+<a name="pdf-io.stdin"><code>io.stdin</code></a>, <a name="pdf-io.stdout"><code>io.stdout</code></a>, and <a name="pdf-io.stderr"><code>io.stderr</code></a>.
+The I/O library never closes these files.
+
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise stated,
+all I/O functions return <b>nil</b> on failure
+(plus an error message as a second result and
+a system-dependent error code as a third result)
+and some value different from <b>nil</b> on success.
+On non-Posix systems,
+the computation of the error message and error code
+in case of errors
+may be not thread safe,
+because they rely on the global C variable <code>errno</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.close"><code>io.close ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>file:close()</code>.
+Without a <code>file</code>, closes the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.output():flush()</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.input"><code>io.input ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+When called with a file name, it opens the named file (in text mode),
+and sets its handle as the default input file.
+When called with a file handle,
+it simply sets this file handle as the default input file.
+When called without parameters,
+it returns the current default input file.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors this function raises the error,
+instead of returning an error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines ([filename ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Opens the given file name in read mode
+and returns an iterator function that
+works like <code>file:lines(···)</code> over the opened file.
+When the iterator function detects the end of file,
+it returns <b>nil</b> (to finish the loop) and automatically closes the file.
+
+
+<p>
+The call <code>io.lines()</code> (with no file name) is equivalent
+to <code>io.input():lines()</code>;
+that is, it iterates over the lines of the default input file.
+In this case it does not close the file when the loop ends.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors this function raises the error,
+instead of returning an error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.open"><code>io.open (filename [, mode])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function opens a file,
+in the mode specified in the string <code>mode</code>.
+It returns a new file handle,
+or, in case of errors, <b>nil</b> plus an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>mode</code> string can be any of the following:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"<code>r</code>": </b> read mode (the default);</li>
+<li><b>"<code>w</code>": </b> write mode;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>a</code>": </b> append mode;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>r+</code>": </b> update mode, all previous data is preserved;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>w+</code>": </b> update mode, all previous data is erased;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>a+</code>": </b> append update mode, previous data is preserved,
+ writing is only allowed at the end of file.</li>
+</ul><p>
+The <code>mode</code> string can also have a '<code>b</code>' at the end,
+which is needed in some systems to open the file in binary mode.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.output"><code>io.output ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-io.input"><code>io.input</code></a>, but operates over the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen (prog [, mode])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is system dependent and is not available
+on all platforms.
+
+
+<p>
+Starts program <code>prog</code> in a separated process and returns
+a file handle that you can use to read data from this program
+(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"r"</code>, the default)
+or to write data to this program
+(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"w"</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.read"><code>io.read (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.input():read(···)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a handle for a temporary file.
+This file is opened in update mode
+and it is automatically removed when the program ends.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.type"><code>io.type (obj)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>obj</code> is a valid file handle.
+Returns the string <code>"file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is an open file handle,
+<code>"closed file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is a closed file handle,
+or <b>nil</b> if <code>obj</code> is not a file handle.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.write"><code>io.write (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.output():write(···)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:close"><code>file:close ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Closes <code>file</code>.
+Note that files are automatically closed when
+their handles are garbage collected,
+but that takes an unpredictable amount of time to happen.
+
+
+<p>
+When closing a file handle created with <a href="#pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-file:close"><code>file:close</code></a> returns the same values
+returned by <a href="#pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:flush"><code>file:flush ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Saves any written data to <code>file</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:lines"><code>file:lines (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+reads the file according to the given formats.
+When no format is given,
+uses "*l" as a default.
+As an example, the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for c in file:lines(1) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all characters of the file,
+starting at the current position.
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines</code></a>, this function does not close the file
+when the loop ends.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors this function raises the error,
+instead of returning an error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:read"><code>file:read (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Reads the file <code>file</code>,
+according to the given formats, which specify what to read.
+For each format,
+the function returns a string (or a number) with the characters read,
+or <b>nil</b> if it cannot read data with the specified format.
+When called without formats,
+it uses a default format that reads the next line
+(see below).
+
+
+<p>
+The available formats are
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>*n</code>": </b>
+reads a number;
+this is the only format that returns a number instead of a string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>*a</code>": </b>
+reads the whole file, starting at the current position.
+On end of file, it returns the empty string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>*l</code>": </b>
+reads the next line skipping the end of line,
+returning <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+This is the default format.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>*L</code>": </b>
+reads the next line keeping the end of line (if present),
+returning <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><em>number</em>: </b>
+reads a string with up to this number of bytes,
+returning <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+If number is zero,
+it reads nothing and returns an empty string,
+or <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:seek"><code>file:seek ([whence [, offset]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets and gets the file position,
+measured from the beginning of the file,
+to the position given by <code>offset</code> plus a base
+specified by the string <code>whence</code>, as follows:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"<code>set</code>": </b> base is position 0 (beginning of the file);</li>
+<li><b>"<code>cur</code>": </b> base is current position;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>end</code>": </b> base is end of file;</li>
+</ul><p>
+In case of success, <code>seek</code> returns the final file position,
+measured in bytes from the beginning of the file.
+If <code>seek</code> fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+<p>
+The default value for <code>whence</code> is <code>"cur"</code>,
+and for <code>offset</code> is 0.
+Therefore, the call <code>file:seek()</code> returns the current
+file position, without changing it;
+the call <code>file:seek("set")</code> sets the position to the
+beginning of the file (and returns 0);
+and the call <code>file:seek("end")</code> sets the position to the
+end of the file, and returns its size.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:setvbuf"><code>file:setvbuf (mode [, size])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the buffering mode for an output file.
+There are three available modes:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>no</code>": </b>
+no buffering; the result of any output operation appears immediately.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>full</code>": </b>
+full buffering; output operation is performed only
+when the buffer is full or when
+you explicitly <code>flush</code> the file (see <a href="#pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush</code></a>).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>line</code>": </b>
+line buffering; output is buffered until a newline is output
+or there is any input from some special files
+(such as a terminal device).
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+For the last two cases, <code>size</code>
+specifies the size of the buffer, in bytes.
+The default is an appropriate size.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:write"><code>file:write (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Writes the value of each of its arguments to <code>file</code>.
+The arguments must be strings or numbers.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of success, this function returns <code>file</code>.
+Otherwise it returns <b>nil</b> plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.9 – <a name="6.9">Operating System Facilities</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library is implemented through table <a name="pdf-os"><code>os</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.clock"><code>os.clock ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an approximation of the amount in seconds of CPU time
+used by the program.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.date"><code>os.date ([format [, time]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string or a table containing date and time,
+formatted according to the given string <code>format</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If the <code>time</code> argument is present,
+this is the time to be formatted
+(see the <a href="#pdf-os.time"><code>os.time</code></a> function for a description of this value).
+Otherwise, <code>date</code> formats the current time.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> starts with '<code>!</code>',
+then the date is formatted in Coordinated Universal Time.
+After this optional character,
+if <code>format</code> is the string "<code>*t</code>",
+then <code>date</code> returns a table with the following fields:
+<code>year</code> (four digits), <code>month</code> (1–12), <code>day</code> (1–31),
+<code>hour</code> (0–23), <code>min</code> (0–59), <code>sec</code> (0–61),
+<code>wday</code> (weekday, Sunday is 1),
+<code>yday</code> (day of the year),
+and <code>isdst</code> (daylight saving flag, a boolean).
+This last field may be absent
+if the information is not available.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> is not "<code>*t</code>",
+then <code>date</code> returns the date as a string,
+formatted according to the same rules as the ANSI C function <code>strftime</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+<code>date</code> returns a reasonable date and time representation that depends on
+the host system and on the current locale
+(that is, <code>os.date()</code> is equivalent to <code>os.date("%c")</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+On non-Posix systems,
+this function may be not thread safe
+because of its reliance on C function <code>gmtime</code> and C function <code>localtime</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime (t2, t1)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number of seconds from time <code>t1</code> to time <code>t2</code>.
+In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems,
+this value is exactly <code>t2</code><em>-</em><code>t1</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute ([command])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is equivalent to the ANSI C function <code>system</code>.
+It passes <code>command</code> to be executed by an operating system shell.
+Its first result is <b>true</b>
+if the command terminated successfully,
+or <b>nil</b> otherwise.
+After this first result
+the function returns a string and a number,
+as follows:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>exit</code>": </b>
+the command terminated normally;
+the following number is the exit status of the command.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>signal</code>": </b>
+the command was terminated by a signal;
+the following number is the signal that terminated the command.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+When called without a <code>command</code>,
+<code>os.execute</code> returns a boolean that is true if a shell is available.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit ([code [, close])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Calls the ANSI C function <code>exit</code> to terminate the host program.
+If <code>code</code> is <b>true</b>,
+the returned status is <code>EXIT_SUCCESS</code>;
+if <code>code</code> is <b>false</b>,
+the returned status is <code>EXIT_FAILURE</code>;
+if <code>code</code> is a number,
+the returned status is this number.
+The default value for <code>code</code> is <b>true</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+If the optional second argument <code>close</code> is true,
+closes the Lua state before exiting.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.getenv"><code>os.getenv (varname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the value of the process environment variable <code>varname</code>,
+or <b>nil</b> if the variable is not defined.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.remove"><code>os.remove (filename)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Deletes the file (or empty directory, on POSIX systems)
+with the given name.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error and the error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.rename"><code>os.rename (oldname, newname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Renames file or directory named <code>oldname</code> to <code>newname</code>.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error and the error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.setlocale"><code>os.setlocale (locale [, category])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the current locale of the program.
+<code>locale</code> is a system-dependent string specifying a locale;
+<code>category</code> is an optional string describing which category to change:
+<code>"all"</code>, <code>"collate"</code>, <code>"ctype"</code>,
+<code>"monetary"</code>, <code>"numeric"</code>, or <code>"time"</code>;
+the default category is <code>"all"</code>.
+The function returns the name of the new locale,
+or <b>nil</b> if the request cannot be honored.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>locale</code> is the empty string,
+the current locale is set to an implementation-defined native locale.
+If <code>locale</code> is the string "<code>C</code>",
+the current locale is set to the standard C locale.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with <b>nil</b> as the first argument,
+this function only returns the name of the current locale
+for the given category.
+
+
+<p>
+This function may be not thread safe
+because of its reliance on C function <code>setlocale</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.time"><code>os.time ([table])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the current time when called without arguments,
+or a time representing the date and time specified by the given table.
+This table must have fields <code>year</code>, <code>month</code>, and <code>day</code>,
+and may have fields
+<code>hour</code> (default is 12),
+<code>min</code> (default is 0),
+<code>sec</code> (default is 0),
+and <code>isdst</code> (default is <b>nil</b>).
+For a description of these fields, see the <a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> function.
+
+
+<p>
+The returned value is a number, whose meaning depends on your system.
+In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems,
+this number counts the number
+of seconds since some given start time (the "epoch").
+In other systems, the meaning is not specified,
+and the number returned by <code>time</code> can be used only as an argument to
+<a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.tmpname"><code>os.tmpname ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string with a file name that can
+be used for a temporary file.
+The file must be explicitly opened before its use
+and explicitly removed when no longer needed.
+
+
+<p>
+On POSIX systems,
+this function also creates a file with that name,
+to avoid security risks.
+(Someone else might create the file with wrong permissions
+in the time between getting the name and creating the file.)
+You still have to open the file to use it
+and to remove it (even if you do not use it).
+
+
+<p>
+When possible,
+you may prefer to use <a href="#pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile</code></a>,
+which automatically removes the file when the program ends.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.10 – <a name="6.10">The Debug Library</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides
+the functionality of the debug interface (<a href="#4.9">§4.9</a>) to Lua programs.
+You should exert care when using this library.
+Several of its functions
+violate basic assumptions about Lua code
+(e.g., that variables local to a function
+cannot be accessed from outside;
+that userdata metatables cannot be changed by Lua code;
+that Lua programs do not crash)
+and therefore can compromise otherwise secure code.
+Moreover, some functions in this library may be slow.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions in this library are provided
+inside the <a name="pdf-debug"><code>debug</code></a> table.
+All functions that operate over a thread
+have an optional first argument which is the
+thread to operate over.
+The default is always the current thread.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.debug"><code>debug.debug ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Enters an interactive mode with the user,
+running each string that the user enters.
+Using simple commands and other debug facilities,
+the user can inspect global and local variables,
+change their values, evaluate expressions, and so on.
+A line containing only the word <code>cont</code> finishes this function,
+so that the caller continues its execution.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that commands for <code>debug.debug</code> are not lexically nested
+within any function and so have no direct access to local variables.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.gethook"><code>debug.gethook ([thread])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook settings of the thread, as three values:
+the current hook function, the current hook mask,
+and the current hook count
+(as set by the <a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> function).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo ([thread,] f [, what])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a table with information about a function.
+You can give the function directly
+or you can give a number as the value of <code>f</code>,
+which means the function running at level <code>f</code> of the call stack
+of the given thread:
+level 0 is the current function (<code>getinfo</code> itself);
+level 1 is the function that called <code>getinfo</code>
+(except for tail calls, which do not count on the stack);
+and so on.
+If <code>f</code> is a number larger than the number of active functions,
+then <code>getinfo</code> returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+The returned table can contain all the fields returned by <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>,
+with the string <code>what</code> describing which fields to fill in.
+The default for <code>what</code> is to get all information available,
+except the table of valid lines.
+If present,
+the option '<code>f</code>'
+adds a field named <code>func</code> with the function itself.
+If present,
+the option '<code>L</code>'
+adds a field named <code>activelines</code> with the table of
+valid lines.
+
+
+<p>
+For instance, the expression <code>debug.getinfo(1,"n").name</code> returns
+a table with a name for the current function,
+if a reasonable name can be found,
+and the expression <code>debug.getinfo(print)</code>
+returns a table with all available information
+about the <a href="#pdf-print"><code>print</code></a> function.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal ([thread,] f, local)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the name and the value of the local variable
+with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>f</code> of the stack.
+This function accesses not only explicit local variables,
+but also parameters, temporaries, etc.
+
+
+<p>
+The first parameter or local variable has index 1, and so on,
+until the last active variable.
+Negative indices refer to vararg parameters;
+-1 is the first vararg parameter.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no variable with the given index,
+and raises an error when called with a level out of range.
+(You can call <a href="#pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo</code></a> to check whether the level is valid.)
+
+
+<p>
+Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parenthesis)
+represent internal variables
+(loop control variables, temporaries, varargs, and C function locals).
+
+
+<p>
+The parameter <code>f</code> may also be a function.
+In that case, <code>getlocal</code> returns only the name of function parameters.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getmetatable"><code>debug.getmetatable (value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the metatable of the given <code>value</code>
+or <b>nil</b> if it does not have a metatable.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getregistry"><code>debug.getregistry ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the registry table (see <a href="#4.5">§4.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getupvalue"><code>debug.getupvalue (f, up)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the name and the value of the upvalue
+with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>f</code>.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue with the given index.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getuservalue"><code>debug.getuservalue (u)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the Lua value associated to <code>u</code>.
+If <code>u</code> is not a userdata,
+returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook ([thread,] hook, mask [, count])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the given function as a hook.
+The string <code>mask</code> and the number <code>count</code> describe
+when the hook will be called.
+The string mask may have the following characters,
+with the given meaning:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>'<code>c</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua calls a function;</li>
+<li><b>'<code>r</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua returns from a function;</li>
+<li><b>'<code>l</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua enters a new line of code.</li>
+</ul><p>
+With a <code>count</code> different from zero,
+the hook is called after every <code>count</code> instructions.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+<a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> turns off the hook.
+
+
+<p>
+When the hook is called, its first parameter is a string
+describing the event that has triggered its call:
+<code>"call"</code> (or <code>"tail call"</code>),
+<code>"return"</code>,
+<code>"line"</code>, and <code>"count"</code>.
+For line events,
+the hook also gets the new line number as its second parameter.
+Inside a hook,
+you can call <code>getinfo</code> with level 2 to get more information about
+the running function
+(level 0 is the <code>getinfo</code> function,
+and level 1 is the hook function).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setlocal"><code>debug.setlocal ([thread,] level, local, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the local variable
+with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>level</code> of the stack.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no local
+variable with the given index,
+and raises an error when called with a <code>level</code> out of range.
+(You can call <code>getinfo</code> to check whether the level is valid.)
+Otherwise, it returns the name of the local variable.
+
+
+<p>
+See <a href="#pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal</code></a> for more information about
+variable indices and names.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setmetatable"><code>debug.setmetatable (value, table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable for the given <code>value</code> to the given <code>table</code>
+(which can be <b>nil</b>).
+Returns <code>value</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setupvalue"><code>debug.setupvalue (f, up, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the upvalue
+with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>f</code>.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue
+with the given index.
+Otherwise, it returns the name of the upvalue.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setuservalue"><code>debug.setuservalue (udata, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the given <code>value</code> as
+the Lua value associated to the given <code>udata</code>.
+<code>value</code> must be a table or <b>nil</b>;
+<code>udata</code> must be a full userdata.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>udata</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.traceback"><code>debug.traceback ([thread,] [message [, level]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>message</code> is present but is neither a string nor <b>nil</b>,
+this function returns <code>message</code> without further processing.
+Otherwise,
+it returns a string with a traceback of the call stack.
+An optional <code>message</code> string is appended
+at the beginning of the traceback.
+An optional <code>level</code> number tells at which level
+to start the traceback
+(default is 1, the function calling <code>traceback</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.upvalueid"><code>debug.upvalueid (f, n)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an unique identifier (as a light userdata)
+for the upvalue numbered <code>n</code>
+from the given function.
+
+
+<p>
+These unique identifiers allow a program to check whether different
+closures share upvalues.
+Lua closures that share an upvalue
+(that is, that access a same external local variable)
+will return identical ids for those upvalue indices.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.upvaluejoin"><code>debug.upvaluejoin (f1, n1, f2, n2)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Make the <code>n1</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure <code>f1</code>
+refer to the <code>n2</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure <code>f2</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>7 – <a name="7">Lua Standalone</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Although Lua has been designed as an extension language,
+to be embedded in a host C program,
+it is also frequently used as a standalone language.
+An interpreter for Lua as a standalone language,
+called simply <code>lua</code>,
+is provided with the standard distribution.
+The standalone interpreter includes
+all standard libraries, including the debug library.
+Its usage is:
+
+<pre>
+ lua [options] [script [args]]
+</pre><p>
+The options are:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>-e <em>stat</em></code>: </b> executes string <em>stat</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-l <em>mod</em></code>: </b> "requires" <em>mod</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-i</code>: </b> enters interactive mode after running <em>script</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-v</code>: </b> prints version information;</li>
+<li><b><code>-E</code>: </b> ignores environment variables;</li>
+<li><b><code>--</code>: </b> stops handling options;</li>
+<li><b><code>-</code>: </b> executes <code>stdin</code> as a file and stops handling options.</li>
+</ul><p>
+After handling its options, <code>lua</code> runs the given <em>script</em>,
+passing to it the given <em>args</em> as string arguments.
+When called without arguments,
+<code>lua</code> behaves as <code>lua -v -i</code>
+when the standard input (<code>stdin</code>) is a terminal,
+and as <code>lua -</code> otherwise.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without option <code>-E</code>,
+the interpreter checks for an environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT_5_2"><code>LUA_INIT_5_2</code></a>
+(or <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT"><code>LUA_INIT</code></a> if it is not defined)
+before running any argument.
+If the variable content has the format <code>@<em>filename</em></code>,
+then <code>lua</code> executes the file.
+Otherwise, <code>lua</code> executes the string itself.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with option <code>-E</code>,
+besides ignoring <code>LUA_INIT</code>,
+Lua also ignores
+the values of <code>LUA_PATH</code> and <code>LUA_CPATH</code>,
+setting the values of
+<a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>
+with the default paths defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+All options are handled in order, except <code>-i</code> and <code>-E</code>.
+For instance, an invocation like
+
+<pre>
+ $ lua -e'a=1' -e 'print(a)' script.lua
+</pre><p>
+will first set <code>a</code> to 1, then print the value of <code>a</code>,
+and finally run the file <code>script.lua</code> with no arguments.
+(Here <code>$</code> is the shell prompt. Your prompt may be different.)
+
+
+<p>
+Before starting to run the script,
+<code>lua</code> collects all arguments in the command line
+in a global table called <code>arg</code>.
+The script name is stored at index 0,
+the first argument after the script name goes to index 1,
+and so on.
+Any arguments before the script name
+(that is, the interpreter name plus the options)
+go to negative indices.
+For instance, in the call
+
+<pre>
+ $ lua -la b.lua t1 t2
+</pre><p>
+the interpreter first runs the file <code>a.lua</code>,
+then creates a table
+
+<pre>
+ arg = { [-2] = "lua", [-1] = "-la",
+ [0] = "b.lua",
+ [1] = "t1", [2] = "t2" }
+</pre><p>
+and finally runs the file <code>b.lua</code>.
+The script is called with <code>arg[1]</code>, <code>arg[2]</code>, ...
+as arguments;
+it can also access these arguments with the vararg expression '<code>...</code>'.
+
+
+<p>
+In interactive mode,
+if you write an incomplete statement,
+the interpreter waits for its completion
+by issuing a different prompt.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of unprotected errors in the script,
+the interpreter reports the error to the standard error stream.
+If the error object is a string,
+the interpreter adds a stack traceback to it.
+Otherwise, if the error object has a metamethod <code>__tostring</code>,
+the interpreter calls this metamethod to produce the final message.
+Finally, if the error object is <b>nil</b>,
+the interpreter does not report the error.
+
+
+<p>
+When finishing normally,
+the interpreter closes its main Lua state
+(see <a href="#lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a>).
+The script can avoid this step by
+calling <a href="#pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit</code></a> to terminate.
+
+
+<p>
+To allow the use of Lua as a
+script interpreter in Unix systems,
+the standalone interpreter skips
+the first line of a chunk if it starts with <code>#</code>.
+Therefore, Lua scripts can be made into executable programs
+by using <code>chmod +x</code> and the <code>#!</code> form,
+as in
+
+<pre>
+ #!/usr/local/bin/lua
+</pre><p>
+(Of course,
+the location of the Lua interpreter may be different in your machine.
+If <code>lua</code> is in your <code>PATH</code>,
+then
+
+<pre>
+ #!/usr/bin/env lua
+</pre><p>
+is a more portable solution.)
+
+
+
+<h1>8 – <a name="8">Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Here we list the incompatibilities that you may find when moving a program
+from Lua 5.1 to Lua 5.2.
+You can avoid some incompatibilities by compiling Lua with
+appropriate options (see file <code>luaconf.h</code>).
+However,
+all these compatibility options will be removed in the next version of Lua.
+Similarly,
+all features marked as deprecated in Lua 5.1
+have been removed in Lua 5.2.
+
+
+
+<h2>8.1 – <a name="8.1">Changes in the Language</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+The concept of <em>environment</em> changed.
+Only Lua functions have environments.
+To set the environment of a Lua function,
+use the variable <code>_ENV</code> or the function <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+C functions no longer have environments.
+Use an upvalue with a shared table if you need to keep
+shared state among several C functions.
+(You may use <a href="#luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a> to open a C library
+with all functions sharing a common upvalue.)
+
+
+<p>
+To manipulate the "environment" of a userdata
+(which is now called user value),
+use the new functions
+<a href="#lua_getuservalue"><code>lua_getuservalue</code></a> and <a href="#lua_setuservalue"><code>lua_setuservalue</code></a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Lua identifiers cannot use locale-dependent letters.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Doing a step or a full collection in the garbage collector
+does not restart the collector if it has been stopped.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Weak tables with weak keys now perform like <em>ephemeron tables</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The event <em>tail return</em> in debug hooks was removed.
+Instead, tail calls generate a special new event,
+<em>tail call</em>, so that the debugger can know that
+there will not be a corresponding return event.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Equality between function values has changed.
+Now, a function definition may not create a new value;
+it may reuse some previous value if there is no
+observable difference to the new function.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>8.2 – <a name="8.2">Changes in the Libraries</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>module</code> is deprecated.
+It is easy to set up a module with regular Lua code.
+Modules are not expected to set global variables.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Functions <code>setfenv</code> and <code>getfenv</code> were removed,
+because of the changes in environments.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>math.log10</code> is deprecated.
+Use <a href="#pdf-math.log"><code>math.log</code></a> with 10 as its second argument, instead.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>loadstring</code> is deprecated.
+Use <code>load</code> instead; it now accepts string arguments
+and are exactly equivalent to <code>loadstring</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>table.maxn</code> is deprecated.
+Write it in Lua if you really need it.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>os.execute</code> now returns <b>true</b> when command
+terminates successfully and <b>nil</b> plus error information
+otherwise.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>unpack</code> was moved into the table library
+and therefore must be called as <a href="#pdf-table.unpack"><code>table.unpack</code></a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Character class <code>%z</code> in patterns is deprecated,
+as now patterns may contain '<code>\0</code>' as a regular character.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The table <code>package.loaders</code> was renamed <code>package.searchers</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Lua does not have bytecode verification anymore.
+So, all functions that load code
+(<a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile</code></a>)
+are potentially insecure when loading untrusted binary data.
+(Actually, those functions were already insecure because
+of flaws in the verification algorithm.)
+When in doubt,
+use the <code>mode</code> argument of those functions
+to restrict them to loading textual chunks.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The standard paths in the official distribution may
+change between versions.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>8.3 – <a name="8.3">Changes in the API</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+Pseudoindex <code>LUA_GLOBALSINDEX</code> was removed.
+You must get the global environment from the registry
+(see <a href="#4.5">§4.5</a>).
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Pseudoindex <code>LUA_ENVIRONINDEX</code>
+and functions <code>lua_getfenv</code>/<code>lua_setfenv</code>
+were removed,
+as C functions no longer have environments.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>luaL_register</code> is deprecated.
+Use <a href="#luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a> so that your module does not create globals.
+(Modules are not expected to set global variables anymore.)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The <code>osize</code> argument to the allocation function
+may not be zero when creating a new block,
+that is, when <code>ptr</code> is <code>NULL</code>
+(see <a href="#lua_Alloc"><code>lua_Alloc</code></a>).
+Use only the test <code>ptr == NULL</code> to check whether
+the block is new.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Finalizers (<code>__gc</code> metamethods) for userdata are called in the
+reverse order that they were marked for finalization,
+not that they were created (see <a href="#2.5.1">§2.5.1</a>).
+(Most userdata are marked immediately after they are created.)
+Moreover,
+if the metatable does not have a <code>__gc</code> field when set,
+the finalizer will not be called,
+even if it is set later.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>luaL_typerror</code> was removed.
+Write your own version if you need it.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>lua_cpcall</code> is deprecated.
+You can simply push the function with <a href="#lua_pushcfunction"><code>lua_pushcfunction</code></a>
+and call it with <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Functions <code>lua_equal</code> and <code>lua_lessthan</code> are deprecated.
+Use the new <a href="#lua_compare"><code>lua_compare</code></a> with appropriate options instead.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>lua_objlen</code> was renamed <a href="#lua_rawlen"><code>lua_rawlen</code></a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> has an extra parameter, <code>mode</code>.
+Pass <code>NULL</code> to simulate the old behavior.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> has an extra parameter, <code>from</code>.
+Pass <code>NULL</code> or the thread doing the call.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>9 – <a name="9">The Complete Syntax of Lua</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Here is the complete syntax of Lua in extended BNF.
+(It does not describe operator precedences.)
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+ chunk ::= block
+
+ block ::= {stat} [retstat]
+
+ stat ::= ‘<b>;</b>’ |
+ varlist ‘<b>=</b>’ explist |
+ functioncall |
+ label |
+ <b>break</b> |
+ <b>goto</b> Name |
+ <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp |
+ <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b> |
+ <b>for</b> Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp ‘<b>,</b>’ exp [‘<b>,</b>’ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>function</b> funcname funcbody |
+ <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody |
+ <b>local</b> namelist [‘<b>=</b>’ explist]
+
+ retstat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] [‘<b>;</b>’]
+
+ label ::= ‘<b>::</b>’ Name ‘<b>::</b>’
+
+ funcname ::= Name {‘<b>.</b>’ Name} [‘<b>:</b>’ Name]
+
+ varlist ::= var {‘<b>,</b>’ var}
+
+ var ::= Name | prefixexp ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’ | prefixexp ‘<b>.</b>’ Name
+
+ namelist ::= Name {‘<b>,</b>’ Name}
+
+ explist ::= exp {‘<b>,</b>’ exp}
+
+ exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b> | Number | String | ‘<b>...</b>’ | functiondef |
+ prefixexp | tableconstructor | exp binop exp | unop exp
+
+ prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | ‘<b>(</b>’ exp ‘<b>)</b>’
+
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp args | prefixexp ‘<b>:</b>’ Name args
+
+ args ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [explist] ‘<b>)</b>’ | tableconstructor | String
+
+ functiondef ::= <b>function</b> funcbody
+
+ funcbody ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [parlist] ‘<b>)</b>’ block <b>end</b>
+
+ parlist ::= namelist [‘<b>,</b>’ ‘<b>...</b>’] | ‘<b>...</b>’
+
+ tableconstructor ::= ‘<b>{</b>’ [fieldlist] ‘<b>}</b>’
+
+ fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]
+
+ field ::= ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’ ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | exp
+
+ fieldsep ::= ‘<b>,</b>’ | ‘<b>;</b>’
+
+ binop ::= ‘<b>+</b>’ | ‘<b>-</b>’ | ‘<b>*</b>’ | ‘<b>/</b>’ | ‘<b>^</b>’ | ‘<b>%</b>’ | ‘<b>..</b>’ |
+ ‘<b><</b>’ | ‘<b><=</b>’ | ‘<b>></b>’ | ‘<b>>=</b>’ | ‘<b>==</b>’ | ‘<b>~=</b>’ |
+ <b>and</b> | <b>or</b>
+
+ unop ::= ‘<b>-</b>’ | <b>not</b> | ‘<b>#</b>’
+
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Thu Mar 21 12:58:59 BRT 2013
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.2.2
+-->
+
+</body></html>
+
--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua 5.2 readme</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<STYLE TYPE="text/css">
+blockquote, .display {
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+ border-radius: 8px ;
+ padding: 1em ;
+ margin: 0px ;
+}
+
+.display {
+ word-spacing: 0.25em ;
+}
+
+dl.display dd {
+ padding-bottom: 0.2em ;
+}
+
+tt, kbd, code {
+ font-size: 12pt ;
+}
+</STYLE>
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<HR>
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Lua" BORDER=0></A>
+Welcome to Lua 5.2
+</H1>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="#about">about</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#install">installation</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#changes">changes</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#license">license</A>
+·
+<A HREF="contents.html">reference manual</A>
+
+<H2><A NAME="about">About Lua</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+Lua is a powerful, fast, lightweight, embeddable scripting language
+developed by a
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/authors.html">team</A>
+at
+<A HREF="http://www.puc-rio.br/">PUC-Rio</A>,
+the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
+Lua is
+<A HREF="#license">free software</A>
+used in many products and projects around the world.
+
+<P>
+Lua's
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">official web site</A>
+provides complete information
+about Lua,
+including
+an
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/about.html">executive summary</A>
+and
+updated
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/docs.html">documentation</A>,
+especially the
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/5.2/">reference manual</A>,
+which may differ slightly from the
+<A HREF="contents.html">local copy</A>
+distributed in this package.
+
+<H2><A NAME="install">Installing Lua</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+Lua is distributed in
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/ftp/">source</A>
+form.
+You need to build it before using it.
+Building Lua should be straightforward
+because
+Lua is implemented in pure ANSI C and compiles unmodified in all known
+platforms that have an ANSI C compiler.
+Lua also compiles unmodified as C++.
+The instructions given below for building Lua are for Unix-like platforms.
+See also
+<A HREF="#other">instructions for other systems</A>
+and
+<A HREF="#customization">customization options</A>.
+
+<P>
+If you don't have the time or the inclination to compile Lua yourself,
+get a binary from
+<A HREF="http://lua-users.org/wiki/LuaBinaries">LuaBinaries</A>.
+Try also
+<A HREF="http://luaforwindows.luaforge.net/">Lua for Windows</A>,
+an easy-to-use distribution of Lua that includes many useful libraries.
+
+<H3>Building Lua</H3>
+
+<P>
+In most Unix-like platforms, simply do "<KBD>make</KBD>" with a suitable target.
+Here are the details.
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+Open a terminal window and move to
+the top-level directory, which is named <TT>lua-5.2.3</TT>.
+The Makefile there controls both the build process and the installation process.
+<P>
+<LI>
+ Do "<KBD>make</KBD>" and see if your platform is listed.
+ The platforms currently supported are:
+<P>
+<P CLASS="display">
+ aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
+</P>
+<P>
+ If your platform is listed, just do "<KBD>make xxx</KBD>", where xxx
+ is your platform name.
+<P>
+ If your platform is not listed, try the closest one or posix, generic,
+ ansi, in this order.
+<P>
+<LI>
+The compilation takes only a few moments
+and produces three files in the <TT>src</TT> directory:
+lua (the interpreter),
+luac (the compiler),
+and liblua.a (the library).
+<P>
+<LI>
+ To check that Lua has been built correctly, do "<KBD>make test</KBD>"
+ after building Lua. This will run the interpreter and print its version string.
+</OL>
+<P>
+If you're running Linux and get compilation errors,
+make sure you have installed the <TT>readline</TT> development package.
+If you get link errors after that,
+then try "<KBD>make linux MYLIBS=-ltermcap</KBD>".
+
+<H3>Installing Lua</H3>
+<P>
+ Once you have built Lua, you may want to install it in an official
+ place in your system. In this case, do "<KBD>make install</KBD>". The official
+ place and the way to install files are defined in the Makefile. You'll
+ probably need the right permissions to install files.
+
+<P>
+ To build and install Lua in one step, do "<KBD>make xxx install</KBD>",
+ where xxx is your platform name.
+
+<P>
+ To install Lua locally, do "<KBD>make local</KBD>".
+ This will create a directory <TT>install</TT> with subdirectories
+ <TT>bin</TT>, <TT>include</TT>, <TT>lib</TT>, <TT>man</TT>,
+ and install Lua as listed below.
+
+ To install Lua locally, but in some other directory, do
+ "<KBD>make install INSTALL_TOP=xxx</KBD>", where xxx is your chosen directory.
+
+<DL CLASS="display">
+<DT>
+ bin:
+<DD>
+ lua luac
+<DT>
+ include:
+<DD>
+ lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h lua.hpp
+<DT>
+ lib:
+<DD>
+ liblua.a
+<DT>
+ man/man1:
+<DD>
+ lua.1 luac.1
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+ These are the only directories you need for development.
+ If you only want to run Lua programs,
+ you only need the files in bin and man.
+ The files in include and lib are needed for
+ embedding Lua in C or C++ programs.
+
+<H3><A NAME="customization">Customization</A></H3>
+<P>
+ Three kinds of things can be customized by editing a file:
+<UL>
+ <LI> Where and how to install Lua — edit <TT>Makefile</TT>.
+ <LI> How to build Lua — edit <TT>src/Makefile</TT>.
+ <LI> Lua features — edit <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT>.
+</UL>
+
+<P>
+ You don't actually need to edit the Makefiles because you may set the
+ relevant variables in the command line when invoking make.
+ Nevertheless, it's probably best to edit and save the Makefiles to
+ record the changes you need.
+
+<P>
+ On the other hand, if you need to customize some Lua features, you'll need
+ to edit <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT> before building and installing Lua.
+ The edited file will be the one installed, and
+ it will be used by any Lua clients that you build, to ensure consistency.
+ Further customization is available to experts by editing the Lua sources.
+
+<P>
+ We strongly recommend that you enable dynamic loading in <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT>.
+ This is done automatically for all platforms listed above that have
+ this feature and also for Windows.
+
+<H3><A NAME="other">Building Lua on other systems</A></H3>
+
+<P>
+ If you're not using the usual Unix tools, then the instructions for
+ building Lua depend on the compiler you use. You'll need to create
+ projects (or whatever your compiler uses) for building the library,
+ the interpreter, and the compiler, as follows:
+
+<DL CLASS="display">
+<DT>
+library:
+<DD>
+lapi.c lcode.c lctype.c ldebug.c ldo.c ldump.c lfunc.c lgc.c llex.c
+lmem.c lobject.c lopcodes.c lparser.c lstate.c lstring.c ltable.c
+ltm.c lundump.c lvm.c lzio.c
+lauxlib.c lbaselib.c lbitlib.c lcorolib.c ldblib.c liolib.c
+lmathlib.c loslib.c lstrlib.c ltablib.c loadlib.c linit.c
+<DT>
+interpreter:
+<DD>
+ library, lua.c
+<DT>
+compiler:
+<DD>
+ library, luac.c
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+ To use Lua as a library in your own programs you'll need to know how to
+ create and use libraries with your compiler. Moreover, to dynamically load
+ C libraries for Lua you'll need to know how to create dynamic libraries
+ and you'll need to make sure that the Lua API functions are accessible to
+ those dynamic libraries — but <EM>don't</EM> link the Lua library
+ into each dynamic library. For Unix, we recommend that the Lua library
+ be linked statically into the host program and its symbols exported for
+ dynamic linking; <TT>src/Makefile</TT> does this for the Lua interpreter.
+ For Windows, we recommend that the Lua library be a DLL.
+
+<P>
+ As mentioned above, you may edit <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT> to customize
+ some features before building Lua.
+
+<H2><A NAME="changes">Changes since Lua 5.1</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+Here are the main changes introduced in Lua 5.2.
+The
+<A HREF="contents.html">reference manual</A>
+lists the
+<A HREF="manual.html#8">incompatibilities</A> that had to be introduced.
+
+<H3>Main changes</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> yieldable pcall and metamethods
+<LI> new lexical scheme for globals
+<LI> ephemeron tables
+<LI> new library for bitwise operations
+<LI> light C functions
+<LI> emergency garbage collector
+<LI> <CODE>goto</CODE> statement
+<LI> finalizers for tables
+</UL>
+
+Here are the other changes introduced in Lua 5.2:
+<H3>Language</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> no more fenv for threads or functions
+<LI> tables honor the <CODE>__len</CODE> metamethod
+<LI> hex and <CODE>\z</CODE> escapes in strings
+<LI> support for hexadecimal floats
+<LI> order metamethods work for different types
+<LI> no more verification of opcode consistency
+<LI> hook event "tail return" replaced by "tail call"
+<LI> empty statement
+<LI> <CODE>break</CODE> statement may appear in the middle of a block
+</UL>
+
+<H3>Libraries</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> arguments for function called through <CODE>xpcall</CODE>
+<LI> optional 'mode' argument to load and loadfile (to control binary x text)
+<LI> optional 'env' argument to load and loadfile (environment for loaded chunk)
+<LI> <CODE>loadlib</CODE> may load libraries with global names (RTLD_GLOBAL)
+<LI> new function <CODE>package.searchpath</CODE>
+<LI> modules receive their paths when loaded
+<LI> optional base in <CODE>math.log</CODE>
+<LI> optional separator in <CODE>string.rep</CODE>
+<LI> <CODE>file:write</CODE> returns <CODE>file</CODE>
+<LI> closing a pipe returns exit status
+<LI> <CODE>os.exit</CODE> may close state
+<LI> new metamethods <CODE>__pairs</CODE> and <CODE>__ipairs</CODE>
+<LI> new option 'isrunning' for <CODE>collectgarbage</CODE> and <CODE>lua_gc</CODE>
+<LI> frontier patterns
+<LI> <CODE>\0</CODE> in patterns
+<LI> new option <CODE>*L</CODE> for <CODE>io.read</CODE>
+<LI> options for <CODE>io.lines</CODE>
+<LI> <CODE>debug.getlocal</CODE> can access function varargs
+</UL>
+
+<H3>C API</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> main thread predefined in the registry
+<LI> new functions
+<CODE>lua_absindex</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_arith</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_compare</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_copy</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_len</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_rawgetp</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_rawsetp</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_upvalueid</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_upvaluejoin</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_version</CODE>.
+<LI> new functions
+<CODE>luaL_checkversion</CODE>,
+<CODE>luaL_setmetatable</CODE>,
+<CODE>luaL_testudata</CODE>,
+<CODE>luaL_tolstring</CODE>.
+<LI> <CODE>lua_pushstring</CODE> and <CODE>pushlstring</CODE> return string
+<LI> <CODE>nparams</CODE> and <CODE>isvararg</CODE> available in debug API
+<LI> new <CODE>lua_Unsigned</CODE>
+</UL>
+
+<H3>Implementation</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> max constants per function raised to 2<SUP>26</SUP>
+<LI> generational mode for garbage collection (experimental)
+<LI> NaN trick (experimental)
+<LI> internal (immutable) version of ctypes
+<LI> simpler implementation for string buffers
+<LI> parser uses much less C-stack space (no more auto arrays)
+</UL>
+
+<H3>Lua standalone interpreter</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> new <CODE>-E</CODE> option to avoid environment variables
+<LI> handling of non-string error messages
+</UL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="license">License</A></H2>
+<A HREF="http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.php">
+<IMG SRC="osi-certified-72x60.png" ALIGN="right" BORDER="0" ALT="[osi certified]" STYLE="padding-left: 30px ;">
+</A>
+
+<P>
+Lua is free software distributed under the terms of the
+<A HREF="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT license</A>
+reproduced below;
+it may be used for any purpose, including commercial purposes,
+at absolutely no cost without having to ask us.
+
+The only requirement is that if you do use Lua,
+then you should give us credit by including the appropriate copyright notice somewhere in your product or its documentation.
+
+For details, see
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html">this</A>.
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE STYLE="padding-bottom: 0em">
+Copyright © 1994–2013 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+
+<P>
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+<P>
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+<P>
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Sat Nov 9 22:39:16 BRST 2013
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.2.3
+-->
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+-- defines a factorial function\r
+function fact (n)\r
+ if n == 0 then\r
+ return 1\r
+ else\r
+ return n * fact(n-1)\r
+ end\r
+end\r
+\r
+print("enter a number:")\r
+a = io.read("*number") -- read a number\r
+print(fact(a))\r
--- /dev/null
+print("Hello UEFI World")\r
--- /dev/null
+# Makefile for building Lua
+# See ../doc/readme.html for installation and customization instructions.
+
+# == CHANGE THE SETTINGS BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ENVIRONMENT =======================
+
+# Your platform. See PLATS for possible values.
+PLAT= none
+
+CC= gcc
+CFLAGS= -O2 -Wall -DLUA_COMPAT_ALL $(SYSCFLAGS) $(MYCFLAGS)
+LDFLAGS= $(SYSLDFLAGS) $(MYLDFLAGS)
+LIBS= -lm $(SYSLIBS) $(MYLIBS)
+
+AR= ar rcu
+RANLIB= ranlib
+RM= rm -f
+
+SYSCFLAGS=
+SYSLDFLAGS=
+SYSLIBS=
+
+MYCFLAGS=
+MYLDFLAGS=
+MYLIBS=
+MYOBJS=
+
+# == END OF USER SETTINGS -- NO NEED TO CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE =======
+
+PLATS= aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
+
+LUA_A= liblua.a
+CORE_O= lapi.o lcode.o lctype.o ldebug.o ldo.o ldump.o lfunc.o lgc.o llex.o \
+ lmem.o lobject.o lopcodes.o lparser.o lstate.o lstring.o ltable.o \
+ ltm.o lundump.o lvm.o lzio.o
+LIB_O= lauxlib.o lbaselib.o lbitlib.o lcorolib.o ldblib.o liolib.o \
+ lmathlib.o loslib.o lstrlib.o ltablib.o loadlib.o linit.o
+BASE_O= $(CORE_O) $(LIB_O) $(MYOBJS)
+
+LUA_T= lua
+LUA_O= lua.o
+
+LUAC_T= luac
+LUAC_O= luac.o
+
+ALL_O= $(BASE_O) $(LUA_O) $(LUAC_O)
+ALL_T= $(LUA_A) $(LUA_T) $(LUAC_T)
+ALL_A= $(LUA_A)
+
+# Targets start here.
+default: $(PLAT)
+
+all: $(ALL_T)
+
+o: $(ALL_O)
+
+a: $(ALL_A)
+
+$(LUA_A): $(BASE_O)
+ $(AR) $@ $(BASE_O)
+ $(RANLIB) $@
+
+$(LUA_T): $(LUA_O) $(LUA_A)
+ $(CC) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LUA_O) $(LUA_A) $(LIBS)
+
+$(LUAC_T): $(LUAC_O) $(LUA_A)
+ $(CC) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LUAC_O) $(LUA_A) $(LIBS)
+
+clean:
+ $(RM) $(ALL_T) $(ALL_O)
+
+depend:
+ @$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -MM l*.c
+
+echo:
+ @echo "PLAT= $(PLAT)"
+ @echo "CC= $(CC)"
+ @echo "CFLAGS= $(CFLAGS)"
+ @echo "LDFLAGS= $(SYSLDFLAGS)"
+ @echo "LIBS= $(LIBS)"
+ @echo "AR= $(AR)"
+ @echo "RANLIB= $(RANLIB)"
+ @echo "RM= $(RM)"
+
+# Convenience targets for popular platforms
+ALL= all
+
+none:
+ @echo "Please do 'make PLATFORM' where PLATFORM is one of these:"
+ @echo " $(PLATS)"
+
+aix:
+ $(MAKE) $(ALL) CC="xlc" CFLAGS="-O2 -DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" SYSLIBS="-ldl" SYSLDFLAGS="-brtl -bexpall"
+
+ansi:
+ $(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_ANSI"
+
+bsd:
+ $(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E"
+
+freebsd:
+ $(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E -lreadline"
+
+generic: $(ALL)
+
+linux:
+ $(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline"
+
+macosx:
+ $(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_MACOSX" SYSLIBS="-lreadline" CC=cc
+
+mingw:
+ $(MAKE) "LUA_A=lua52.dll" "LUA_T=lua.exe" \
+ "AR=$(CC) -shared -o" "RANLIB=strip --strip-unneeded" \
+ "SYSCFLAGS=-DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL" "SYSLIBS=" "SYSLDFLAGS=-s" lua.exe
+ $(MAKE) "LUAC_T=luac.exe" luac.exe
+
+posix:
+ $(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX"
+
+solaris:
+ $(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" SYSLIBS="-ldl"
+
+# list targets that do not create files (but not all makes understand .PHONY)
+.PHONY: all $(PLATS) default o a clean depend echo none
+
+# DO NOT DELETE
+
+lapi.o: lapi.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lundump.h \
+ lvm.h
+lauxlib.o: lauxlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h
+lbaselib.o: lbaselib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lbitlib.o: lbitlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lcode.o: lcode.c lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h ldo.h lgc.h \
+ lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+lcorolib.o: lcorolib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lctype.o: lctype.c lctype.h lua.h luaconf.h llimits.h
+ldblib.o: ldblib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+ldebug.o: ldebug.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lcode.h llex.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h ldo.h \
+ lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h lvm.h
+ldo.o: ldo.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h lparser.h \
+ lstring.h ltable.h lundump.h lvm.h
+ldump.o: ldump.c lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h lundump.h
+lfunc.o: lfunc.c lua.h luaconf.h lfunc.h lobject.h llimits.h lgc.h \
+ lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h
+lgc.o: lgc.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h
+linit.o: linit.c lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h
+liolib.o: liolib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+llex.o: llex.c lua.h luaconf.h lctype.h llimits.h ldo.h lobject.h \
+ lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h llex.h lparser.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
+lmathlib.o: lmathlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lmem.o: lmem.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h
+loadlib.o: loadlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lobject.o: lobject.c lua.h luaconf.h lctype.h llimits.h ldebug.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lstring.h lgc.h lvm.h
+lopcodes.o: lopcodes.c lopcodes.h llimits.h lua.h luaconf.h
+loslib.o: loslib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lparser.o: lparser.c lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h ldo.h lfunc.h \
+ lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
+lstate.o: lstate.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h llex.h lstring.h \
+ ltable.h
+lstring.o: lstring.c lua.h luaconf.h lmem.h llimits.h lobject.h lstate.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lstring.h lgc.h
+lstrlib.o: lstrlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+ltable.o: ltable.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+ltablib.o: ltablib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+ltm.o: ltm.c lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h \
+ lmem.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
+lua.o: lua.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+luac.o: luac.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lundump.h ldebug.h lopcodes.h
+lundump.o: lundump.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h lundump.h
+lvm.o: lvm.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+lzio.o: lzio.c lua.h luaconf.h llimits.h lmem.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.c,v 2.171.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lapi_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+const char lua_ident[] =
+ "$LuaVersion: " LUA_COPYRIGHT " $"
+ "$LuaAuthors: " LUA_AUTHORS " $";
+
+
+/* value at a non-valid index */
+#define NONVALIDVALUE cast(TValue *, luaO_nilobject)
+
+/* corresponding test */
+#define isvalid(o) ((o) != luaO_nilobject)
+
+/* test for pseudo index */
+#define ispseudo(i) ((i) <= LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+
+/* test for valid but not pseudo index */
+#define isstackindex(i, o) (isvalid(o) && !ispseudo(i))
+
+#define api_checkvalidindex(L, o) api_check(L, isvalid(o), "invalid index")
+
+#define api_checkstackindex(L, i, o) \
+ api_check(L, isstackindex(i, o), "index not in the stack")
+
+
+static TValue *index2addr (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (idx > 0) {
+ TValue *o = ci->func + idx;
+ api_check(L, idx <= ci->top - (ci->func + 1), "unacceptable index");
+ if (o >= L->top) return NONVALIDVALUE;
+ else return o;
+ }
+ else if (!ispseudo(idx)) { /* negative index */
+ api_check(L, idx != 0 && -idx <= L->top - (ci->func + 1), "invalid index");
+ return L->top + idx;
+ }
+ else if (idx == LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+ return &G(L)->l_registry;
+ else { /* upvalues */
+ idx = LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - idx;
+ api_check(L, idx <= MAXUPVAL + 1, "upvalue index too large");
+ if (ttislcf(ci->func)) /* light C function? */
+ return NONVALIDVALUE; /* it has no upvalues */
+ else {
+ CClosure *func = clCvalue(ci->func);
+ return (idx <= func->nupvalues) ? &func->upvalue[idx-1] : NONVALIDVALUE;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** to be called by 'lua_checkstack' in protected mode, to grow stack
+** capturing memory errors
+*/
+static void growstack (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ int size = *(int *)ud;
+ luaD_growstack(L, size);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int size) {
+ int res;
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (L->stack_last - L->top > size) /* stack large enough? */
+ res = 1; /* yes; check is OK */
+ else { /* no; need to grow stack */
+ int inuse = cast_int(L->top - L->stack) + EXTRA_STACK;
+ if (inuse > LUAI_MAXSTACK - size) /* can grow without overflow? */
+ res = 0; /* no */
+ else /* try to grow stack */
+ res = (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, &growstack, &size) == LUA_OK);
+ }
+ if (res && ci->top < L->top + size)
+ ci->top = L->top + size; /* adjust frame top */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n) {
+ int i;
+ if (from == to) return;
+ lua_lock(to);
+ api_checknelems(from, n);
+ api_check(from, G(from) == G(to), "moving among independent states");
+ api_check(from, to->ci->top - to->top >= n, "not enough elements to move");
+ from->top -= n;
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ setobj2s(to, to->top++, from->top + i);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(to);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf) {
+ lua_CFunction old;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ old = G(L)->panic;
+ G(L)->panic = panicf;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return old;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const lua_Number *lua_version (lua_State *L) {
+ static const lua_Number version = LUA_VERSION_NUM;
+ if (L == NULL) return &version;
+ else return G(L)->version;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** convert an acceptable stack index into an absolute index
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_absindex (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ return (idx > 0 || ispseudo(idx))
+ ? idx
+ : cast_int(L->top - L->ci->func + idx);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gettop (lua_State *L) {
+ return cast_int(L->top - (L->ci->func + 1));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId func = L->ci->func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (idx >= 0) {
+ api_check(L, idx <= L->stack_last - (func + 1), "new top too large");
+ while (L->top < (func + 1) + idx)
+ setnilvalue(L->top++);
+ L->top = (func + 1) + idx;
+ }
+ else {
+ api_check(L, -(idx+1) <= (L->top - (func + 1)), "invalid new top");
+ L->top += idx+1; /* `subtract' index (index is negative) */
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId p;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ p = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkstackindex(L, idx, p);
+ while (++p < L->top) setobjs2s(L, p-1, p);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId p;
+ StkId q;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ p = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkstackindex(L, idx, p);
+ for (q = L->top; q > p; q--) /* use L->top as a temporary */
+ setobjs2s(L, q, q - 1);
+ setobjs2s(L, p, L->top);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+static void moveto (lua_State *L, TValue *fr, int idx) {
+ TValue *to = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, to);
+ setobj(L, to, fr);
+ if (idx < LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) /* function upvalue? */
+ luaC_barrier(L, clCvalue(L->ci->func), fr);
+ /* LUA_REGISTRYINDEX does not need gc barrier
+ (collector revisits it before finishing collection) */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ moveto(L, L->top - 1, idx);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_copy (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx) {
+ TValue *fr;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ fr = index2addr(L, fromidx);
+ moveto(L, fr, toidx);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, index2addr(L, idx));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_type (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return (isvalid(o) ? ttypenv(o) : LUA_TNONE);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int t) {
+ UNUSED(L);
+ return ttypename(t);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return (ttislcf(o) || (ttisCclosure(o)));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return tonumber(o, &n);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ int t = lua_type(L, idx);
+ return (t == LUA_TSTRING || t == LUA_TNUMBER);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return (ttisuserdata(o) || ttislightuserdata(o));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
+ StkId o1 = index2addr(L, index1);
+ StkId o2 = index2addr(L, index2);
+ return (isvalid(o1) && isvalid(o2)) ? luaV_rawequalobj(o1, o2) : 0;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_arith (lua_State *L, int op) {
+ StkId o1; /* 1st operand */
+ StkId o2; /* 2nd operand */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (op != LUA_OPUNM) /* all other operations expect two operands */
+ api_checknelems(L, 2);
+ else { /* for unary minus, add fake 2nd operand */
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top, L->top - 1);
+ L->top++;
+ }
+ o1 = L->top - 2;
+ o2 = L->top - 1;
+ if (ttisnumber(o1) && ttisnumber(o2)) {
+ setnvalue(o1, luaO_arith(op, nvalue(o1), nvalue(o2)));
+ }
+ else
+ luaV_arith(L, o1, o1, o2, cast(TMS, op - LUA_OPADD + TM_ADD));
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_compare (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2, int op) {
+ StkId o1, o2;
+ int i = 0;
+ lua_lock(L); /* may call tag method */
+ o1 = index2addr(L, index1);
+ o2 = index2addr(L, index2);
+ if (isvalid(o1) && isvalid(o2)) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case LUA_OPEQ: i = equalobj(L, o1, o2); break;
+ case LUA_OPLT: i = luaV_lessthan(L, o1, o2); break;
+ case LUA_OPLE: i = luaV_lessequal(L, o1, o2); break;
+ default: api_check(L, 0, "invalid option");
+ }
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Number lua_tonumberx (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ if (tonumber(o, &n)) {
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 1;
+ return nvalue(o);
+ }
+ else {
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 0;
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Integer lua_tointegerx (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ if (tonumber(o, &n)) {
+ lua_Integer res;
+ lua_Number num = nvalue(o);
+ lua_number2integer(res, num);
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 1;
+ return res;
+ }
+ else {
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 0;
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Unsigned lua_tounsignedx (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ if (tonumber(o, &n)) {
+ lua_Unsigned res;
+ lua_Number num = nvalue(o);
+ lua_number2unsigned(res, num);
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 1;
+ return res;
+ }
+ else {
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 0;
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return !l_isfalse(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ if (!ttisstring(o)) {
+ lua_lock(L); /* `luaV_tostring' may create a new string */
+ if (!luaV_tostring(L, o)) { /* conversion failed? */
+ if (len != NULL) *len = 0;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ o = index2addr(L, idx); /* previous call may reallocate the stack */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ }
+ if (len != NULL) *len = tsvalue(o)->len;
+ return svalue(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API size_t lua_rawlen (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttypenv(o)) {
+ case LUA_TSTRING: return tsvalue(o)->len;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: return uvalue(o)->len;
+ case LUA_TTABLE: return luaH_getn(hvalue(o));
+ default: return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ if (ttislcf(o)) return fvalue(o);
+ else if (ttisCclosure(o))
+ return clCvalue(o)->f;
+ else return NULL; /* not a C function */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttypenv(o)) {
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: return (rawuvalue(o) + 1);
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(o);
+ default: return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return (!ttisthread(o)) ? NULL : thvalue(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttype(o)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: return hvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TLCL: return clLvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TCCL: return clCvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TLCF: return cast(void *, cast(size_t, fvalue(o)));
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: return thvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ return lua_touserdata(L, idx);
+ default: return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnvalue(L->top, n);
+ luai_checknum(L, L->top,
+ luaG_runerror(L, "C API - attempt to push a signaling NaN"));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(n));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushunsigned (lua_State *L, lua_Unsigned u) {
+ lua_Number n;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ n = lua_unsigned2number(u);
+ setnvalue(L->top, n);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len) {
+ TString *ts;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ ts = luaS_newlstr(L, s, len);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, ts);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return getstr(ts);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+ if (s == NULL) {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else {
+ TString *ts;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ ts = luaS_new(L, s);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, ts);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return getstr(ts);
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp) {
+ const char *ret;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ const char *ret;
+ va_list argp;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (n == 0) {
+ setfvalue(L->top, fn);
+ }
+ else {
+ Closure *cl;
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ api_check(L, n <= MAXUPVAL, "upvalue index too large");
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, n);
+ cl->c.f = fn;
+ L->top -= n;
+ while (n--)
+ setobj2n(L, &cl->c.upvalue[n], L->top + n);
+ setclCvalue(L, L->top, cl);
+ }
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setbvalue(L->top, (b != 0)); /* ensure that true is 1 */
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setpvalue(L->top, p);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setthvalue(L, L->top, L);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return (G(L)->mainthread == L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *var) {
+ Table *reg = hvalue(&G(L)->l_registry);
+ const TValue *gt; /* global table */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ gt = luaH_getint(reg, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top++, luaS_new(L, var));
+ luaV_gettable(L, gt, L->top - 1, L->top - 1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ luaV_gettable(L, t, L->top - 1, L->top - 1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, k));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ luaV_gettable(L, t, L->top - 1, L->top - 1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ setobj2s(L, L->top - 1, luaH_get(hvalue(t), L->top - 1));
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, luaH_getint(hvalue(t), n));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawgetp (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p) {
+ StkId t;
+ TValue k;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ setpvalue(&k, cast(void *, p));
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, luaH_get(hvalue(t), &k));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narray, int nrec) {
+ Table *t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ t = luaH_new(L);
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, t);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ if (narray > 0 || nrec > 0)
+ luaH_resize(L, t, narray, nrec);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
+ const TValue *obj;
+ Table *mt = NULL;
+ int res;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ obj = index2addr(L, objindex);
+ switch (ttypenv(obj)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ mt = hvalue(obj)->metatable;
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ mt = uvalue(obj)->metatable;
+ break;
+ default:
+ mt = G(L)->mt[ttypenv(obj)];
+ break;
+ }
+ if (mt == NULL)
+ res = 0;
+ else {
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, mt);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ res = 1;
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_getuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttisuserdata(o), "userdata expected");
+ if (uvalue(o)->env) {
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, uvalue(o)->env);
+ } else
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *var) {
+ Table *reg = hvalue(&G(L)->l_registry);
+ const TValue *gt; /* global table */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ gt = luaH_getint(reg, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top++, luaS_new(L, var));
+ luaV_settable(L, gt, L->top - 1, L->top - 2);
+ L->top -= 2; /* pop value and key */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 2);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ luaV_settable(L, t, L->top - 2, L->top - 1);
+ L->top -= 2; /* pop index and value */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top++, luaS_new(L, k));
+ luaV_settable(L, t, L->top - 1, L->top - 2);
+ L->top -= 2; /* pop value and key */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 2);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ setobj2t(L, luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), L->top-2), L->top-1);
+ invalidateTMcache(hvalue(t));
+ luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), L->top-1);
+ L->top -= 2;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ luaH_setint(L, hvalue(t), n, L->top - 1);
+ luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), L->top-1);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawsetp (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p) {
+ StkId t;
+ TValue k;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ setpvalue(&k, cast(void *, p));
+ setobj2t(L, luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), &k), L->top - 1);
+ luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), L->top - 1);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
+ TValue *obj;
+ Table *mt;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ obj = index2addr(L, objindex);
+ if (ttisnil(L->top - 1))
+ mt = NULL;
+ else {
+ api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1), "table expected");
+ mt = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ }
+ switch (ttypenv(obj)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ hvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+ if (mt) {
+ luaC_objbarrierback(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+ luaC_checkfinalizer(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+ uvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+ if (mt) {
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, rawuvalue(obj), mt);
+ luaC_checkfinalizer(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ G(L)->mt[ttypenv(obj)] = mt;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttisuserdata(o), "userdata expected");
+ if (ttisnil(L->top - 1))
+ uvalue(o)->env = NULL;
+ else {
+ api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1), "table expected");
+ uvalue(o)->env = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, gcvalue(o), hvalue(L->top - 1));
+ }
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** `load' and `call' functions (run Lua code)
+*/
+
+
+#define checkresults(L,na,nr) \
+ api_check(L, (nr) == LUA_MULTRET || (L->ci->top - L->top >= (nr) - (na)), \
+ "results from function overflow current stack size")
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getctx (lua_State *L, int *ctx) {
+ if (L->ci->callstatus & CIST_YIELDED) {
+ if (ctx) *ctx = L->ci->u.c.ctx;
+ return L->ci->u.c.status;
+ }
+ else return LUA_OK;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_callk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int ctx,
+ lua_CFunction k) {
+ StkId func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_check(L, k == NULL || !isLua(L->ci),
+ "cannot use continuations inside hooks");
+ api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+ api_check(L, L->status == LUA_OK, "cannot do calls on non-normal thread");
+ checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+ func = L->top - (nargs+1);
+ if (k != NULL && L->nny == 0) { /* need to prepare continuation? */
+ L->ci->u.c.k = k; /* save continuation */
+ L->ci->u.c.ctx = ctx; /* save context */
+ luaD_call(L, func, nresults, 1); /* do the call */
+ }
+ else /* no continuation or no yieldable */
+ luaD_call(L, func, nresults, 0); /* just do the call */
+ adjustresults(L, nresults);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected call.
+*/
+struct CallS { /* data to `f_call' */
+ StkId func;
+ int nresults;
+};
+
+
+static void f_call (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ struct CallS *c = cast(struct CallS *, ud);
+ luaD_call(L, c->func, c->nresults, 0);
+}
+
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
+ int ctx, lua_CFunction k) {
+ struct CallS c;
+ int status;
+ ptrdiff_t func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_check(L, k == NULL || !isLua(L->ci),
+ "cannot use continuations inside hooks");
+ api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+ api_check(L, L->status == LUA_OK, "cannot do calls on non-normal thread");
+ checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+ if (errfunc == 0)
+ func = 0;
+ else {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, errfunc);
+ api_checkstackindex(L, errfunc, o);
+ func = savestack(L, o);
+ }
+ c.func = L->top - (nargs+1); /* function to be called */
+ if (k == NULL || L->nny > 0) { /* no continuation or no yieldable? */
+ c.nresults = nresults; /* do a 'conventional' protected call */
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, f_call, &c, savestack(L, c.func), func);
+ }
+ else { /* prepare continuation (call is already protected by 'resume') */
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ ci->u.c.k = k; /* save continuation */
+ ci->u.c.ctx = ctx; /* save context */
+ /* save information for error recovery */
+ ci->extra = savestack(L, c.func);
+ ci->u.c.old_allowhook = L->allowhook;
+ ci->u.c.old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
+ L->errfunc = func;
+ /* mark that function may do error recovery */
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_YPCALL;
+ luaD_call(L, c.func, nresults, 1); /* do the call */
+ ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_YPCALL;
+ L->errfunc = ci->u.c.old_errfunc;
+ status = LUA_OK; /* if it is here, there were no errors */
+ }
+ adjustresults(L, nresults);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_load (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *data,
+ const char *chunkname, const char *mode) {
+ ZIO z;
+ int status;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (!chunkname) chunkname = "?";
+ luaZ_init(L, &z, reader, data);
+ status = luaD_protectedparser(L, &z, chunkname, mode);
+ if (status == LUA_OK) { /* no errors? */
+ LClosure *f = clLvalue(L->top - 1); /* get newly created function */
+ if (f->nupvalues == 1) { /* does it have one upvalue? */
+ /* get global table from registry */
+ Table *reg = hvalue(&G(L)->l_registry);
+ const TValue *gt = luaH_getint(reg, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS);
+ /* set global table as 1st upvalue of 'f' (may be LUA_ENV) */
+ setobj(L, f->upvals[0]->v, gt);
+ luaC_barrier(L, f->upvals[0], gt);
+ }
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data) {
+ int status;
+ TValue *o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = L->top - 1;
+ if (isLfunction(o))
+ status = luaU_dump(L, getproto(o), writer, data, 0);
+ else
+ status = 1;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_status (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Garbage-collection function
+*/
+
+LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data) {
+ int res = 0;
+ global_State *g;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ g = G(L);
+ switch (what) {
+ case LUA_GCSTOP: {
+ g->gcrunning = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCRESTART: {
+ luaE_setdebt(g, 0);
+ g->gcrunning = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOLLECT: {
+ luaC_fullgc(L, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
+ /* GC values are expressed in Kbytes: #bytes/2^10 */
+ res = cast_int(gettotalbytes(g) >> 10);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOUNTB: {
+ res = cast_int(gettotalbytes(g) & 0x3ff);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSTEP: {
+ if (g->gckind == KGC_GEN) { /* generational mode? */
+ res = (g->GCestimate == 0); /* true if it will do major collection */
+ luaC_forcestep(L); /* do a single step */
+ }
+ else {
+ lu_mem debt = cast(lu_mem, data) * 1024 - GCSTEPSIZE;
+ if (g->gcrunning)
+ debt += g->GCdebt; /* include current debt */
+ luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
+ luaC_forcestep(L);
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSpause) /* end of cycle? */
+ res = 1; /* signal it */
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSETPAUSE: {
+ res = g->gcpause;
+ g->gcpause = data;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSETMAJORINC: {
+ res = g->gcmajorinc;
+ g->gcmajorinc = data;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {
+ res = g->gcstepmul;
+ g->gcstepmul = data;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
+ res = g->gcrunning;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCGEN: { /* change collector to generational mode */
+ luaC_changemode(L, KGC_GEN);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCINC: { /* change collector to incremental mode */
+ luaC_changemode(L, KGC_NORMAL);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: res = -1; /* invalid option */
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_error (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ if (L)
+ {
+ luaG_errormsg(L);
+ }
+ /* code unreachable; will unlock when control actually leaves the kernel */
+ return 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_next (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ int more;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ more = luaH_next(L, hvalue(t), L->top - 1);
+ if (more) {
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ else /* no more elements */
+ L->top -= 1; /* remove key */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return more;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ if (n >= 2) {
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ luaV_concat(L, n);
+ }
+ else if (n == 0) { /* push empty string */
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, "", 0));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ /* else n == 1; nothing to do */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_len (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ luaV_objlen(L, L->top, t);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud) {
+ lua_Alloc f;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (ud) *ud = G(L)->ud;
+ f = G(L)->frealloc;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ G(L)->ud = ud;
+ G(L)->frealloc = f;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size) {
+ Udata *u;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ u = luaS_newudata(L, size, NULL);
+ setuvalue(L, L->top, u);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return u + 1;
+}
+
+
+
+static const char *aux_upvalue (StkId fi, int n, TValue **val,
+ GCObject **owner) {
+ switch (ttype(fi)) {
+ case LUA_TCCL: { /* C closure */
+ CClosure *f = clCvalue(fi);
+ if (!(1 <= n && n <= f->nupvalues)) return NULL;
+ *val = &f->upvalue[n-1];
+ if (owner) *owner = obj2gco(f);
+ return "";
+ }
+ case LUA_TLCL: { /* Lua closure */
+ LClosure *f = clLvalue(fi);
+ TString *name;
+ Proto *p = f->p;
+ if (!(1 <= n && n <= p->sizeupvalues)) return NULL;
+ *val = f->upvals[n-1]->v;
+ if (owner) *owner = obj2gco(f->upvals[n - 1]);
+ name = p->upvalues[n-1].name;
+ return (name == NULL) ? "" : getstr(name);
+ }
+ default: return NULL; /* not a closure */
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
+ const char *name;
+ TValue *val = NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ name = aux_upvalue(index2addr(L, funcindex), n, &val, NULL);
+ if (name) {
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, val);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
+ const char *name;
+ TValue *val = NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+ GCObject *owner = NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+ StkId fi;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ fi = index2addr(L, funcindex);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ name = aux_upvalue(fi, n, &val, &owner);
+ if (name) {
+ L->top--;
+ setobj(L, val, L->top);
+ luaC_barrier(L, owner, L->top);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+static UpVal **getupvalref (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n, LClosure **pf) {
+ LClosure *f;
+ StkId fi = index2addr(L, fidx);
+ api_check(L, ttisLclosure(fi), "Lua function expected");
+ f = clLvalue(fi);
+ api_check(L, (1 <= n && n <= f->p->sizeupvalues), "invalid upvalue index");
+ if (pf) *pf = f;
+ return &f->upvals[n - 1]; /* get its upvalue pointer */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_upvalueid (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n) {
+ StkId fi = index2addr(L, fidx);
+ switch (ttype(fi)) {
+ case LUA_TLCL: { /* lua closure */
+ return *getupvalref(L, fidx, n, NULL);
+ }
+ case LUA_TCCL: { /* C closure */
+ CClosure *f = clCvalue(fi);
+ api_check(L, 1 <= n && n <= f->nupvalues, "invalid upvalue index");
+ return &f->upvalue[n - 1];
+ }
+ default: {
+ api_check(L, 0, "closure expected");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L, int fidx1, int n1,
+ int fidx2, int n2) {
+ LClosure *f1;
+ UpVal **up1 = getupvalref(L, fidx1, n1, &f1);
+ UpVal **up2 = getupvalref(L, fidx2, n2, NULL);
+ *up1 = *up2;
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, f1, *up2);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.h,v 2.7.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions from Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lapi_h
+#define lapi_h
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+#define api_incr_top(L) {L->top++; api_check(L, L->top <= L->ci->top, \
+ "stack overflow");}
+
+#define adjustresults(L,nres) \
+ { if ((nres) == LUA_MULTRET && L->ci->top < L->top) L->ci->top = L->top; }
+
+#define api_checknelems(L,n) api_check(L, (n) < (L->top - L->ci->func), \
+ "not enough elements in the stack")
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: lauxlib.c,v 1.248.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <errno.h>\r
+#include <stdarg.h>\r
+#include <stdio.h>\r
+#include <stdlib.h>\r
+#include <string.h>\r
+\r
+\r
+/* This file uses only the official API of Lua.\r
+** Any function declared here could be written as an application function.\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#define lauxlib_c\r
+#define LUA_LIB\r
+\r
+#include "lua.h"\r
+\r
+#include "lauxlib.h"\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Traceback\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#define LEVELS1 12 /* size of the first part of the stack */\r
+#define LEVELS2 10 /* size of the second part of the stack */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** search for 'objidx' in table at index -1.\r
+** return 1 + string at top if find a good name.\r
+*/\r
+static int findfield (lua_State *L, int objidx, int level) {\r
+ if (level == 0 || !lua_istable(L, -1))\r
+ return 0; /* not found */\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* start 'next' loop */\r
+ while (lua_next(L, -2)) { /* for each pair in table */\r
+ if (lua_type(L, -2) == LUA_TSTRING) { /* ignore non-string keys */\r
+ if (lua_rawequal(L, objidx, -1)) { /* found object? */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value (but keep name) */\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ else if (findfield(L, objidx, level - 1)) { /* try recursively */\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove table (but keep name) */\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ".");\r
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* place '.' between the two names */\r
+ lua_concat(L, 3);\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */\r
+ }\r
+ return 0; /* not found */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int pushglobalfuncname (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {\r
+ int top = lua_gettop(L);\r
+ lua_getinfo(L, "f", ar); /* push function */\r
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);\r
+ if (findfield(L, top + 1, 2)) {\r
+ lua_copy(L, -1, top + 1); /* move name to proper place */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove pushed values */\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_settop(L, top); /* remove function and global table */\r
+ return 0;\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void pushfuncname (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {\r
+ if (*ar->namewhat != '\0') /* is there a name? */\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "function " LUA_QS, ar->name);\r
+ else if (*ar->what == 'm') /* main? */\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "main chunk");\r
+ else if (*ar->what == 'C') {\r
+ if (pushglobalfuncname(L, ar)) {\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "function " LUA_QS, lua_tostring(L, -1));\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove name */\r
+ }\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "?");\r
+ }\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "function <%s:%d>", ar->short_src, ar->linedefined);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int countlevels (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_Debug ar;\r
+ int li = 1, le = 1;\r
+ /* find an upper bound */\r
+ while (lua_getstack(L, le, &ar)) { li = le; le *= 2; }\r
+ /* do a binary search */\r
+ while (li < le) {\r
+ int m = (li + le)/2;\r
+ if (lua_getstack(L, m, &ar)) li = m + 1;\r
+ else le = m;\r
+ }\r
+ return le - 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,\r
+ const char *msg, int level) {\r
+ lua_Debug ar;\r
+ int top = lua_gettop(L);\r
+ int numlevels = countlevels(L1);\r
+ int mark = (numlevels > LEVELS1 + LEVELS2) ? LEVELS1 : 0;\r
+ if (msg) lua_pushfstring(L, "%s\n", msg);\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "stack traceback:");\r
+ while (lua_getstack(L1, level++, &ar)) {\r
+ if (level == mark) { /* too many levels? */\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t..."); /* add a '...' */\r
+ level = numlevels - LEVELS2; /* and skip to last ones */\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_getinfo(L1, "Slnt", &ar);\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\t%s:", ar.short_src);\r
+ if (ar.currentline > 0)\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%d:", ar.currentline);\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, " in ");\r
+ pushfuncname(L, &ar);\r
+ if (ar.istailcall)\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t(...tail calls...)");\r
+ lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - top);\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - top);\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Error-report functions\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *extramsg) {\r
+ lua_Debug ar;\r
+ if (!lua_getstack(L, 0, &ar)) /* no stack frame? */\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d (%s)", narg, extramsg);\r
+ lua_getinfo(L, "n", &ar);\r
+ if (strcmp(ar.namewhat, "method") == 0) {\r
+ narg--; /* do not count `self' */\r
+ if (narg == 0) /* error is in the self argument itself? */\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "calling " LUA_QS " on bad self (%s)",\r
+ ar.name, extramsg);\r
+ }\r
+ if (ar.name == NULL)\r
+ ar.name = (pushglobalfuncname(L, &ar)) ? lua_tostring(L, -1) : "?";\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d to " LUA_QS " (%s)",\r
+ narg, ar.name, extramsg);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int typeerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname) {\r
+ const char *msg = lua_pushfstring(L, "%s expected, got %s",\r
+ tname, luaL_typename(L, narg));\r
+ return luaL_argerror(L, narg, msg);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void tag_error (lua_State *L, int narg, int tag) {\r
+ typeerror(L, narg, lua_typename(L, tag));\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int level) {\r
+ lua_Debug ar;\r
+ if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar)) { /* check function at level */\r
+ lua_getinfo(L, "Sl", &ar); /* get info about it */\r
+ if (ar.currentline > 0) { /* is there info? */\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: ", ar.short_src, ar.currentline);\r
+ return;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* else, no information available... */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {\r
+ va_list argp;\r
+ va_start(argp, fmt);\r
+ luaL_where(L, 1);\r
+ lua_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);\r
+ va_end(argp);\r
+ lua_concat(L, 2);\r
+ return lua_error(L);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_fileresult (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname) {\r
+ int en = errno; /* calls to Lua API may change this value */\r
+ if (stat) {\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ if (fname)\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", fname, strerror(en));\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, strerror(en));\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, en);\r
+ return 3;\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+#if !defined(inspectstat) /* { */\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)\r
+\r
+#include <sys/wait.h>\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** use appropriate macros to interpret 'pclose' return status\r
+*/\r
+#define inspectstat(stat,what) \\r
+ if (WIFEXITED(stat)) { stat = WEXITSTATUS(stat); } \\r
+ else if (WIFSIGNALED(stat)) { stat = WTERMSIG(stat); what = "signal"; }\r
+\r
+#else\r
+\r
+#define inspectstat(stat,what) /* no op */\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_execresult (lua_State *L, int stat) {\r
+ const char *what = "exit"; /* type of termination */\r
+ if (stat == -1) /* error? */\r
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);\r
+ else {\r
+ inspectstat(stat, what); /* interpret result */\r
+ if (*what == 'e' && stat == 0) /* successful termination? */\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, what);\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, stat);\r
+ return 3; /* return true/nil,what,code */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Userdata's metatable manipulation\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) {\r
+ luaL_getmetatable(L, tname); /* try to get metatable */\r
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* name already in use? */\r
+ return 0; /* leave previous value on top, but return 0 */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1);\r
+ lua_newtable(L); /* create metatable */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* registry.name = metatable */\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_setmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) {\r
+ luaL_getmetatable(L, tname);\r
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_testudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) {\r
+ void *p = lua_touserdata(L, ud);\r
+ if (p != NULL) { /* value is a userdata? */\r
+ if (lua_getmetatable(L, ud)) { /* does it have a metatable? */\r
+ luaL_getmetatable(L, tname); /* get correct metatable */\r
+ if (!lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2)) /* not the same? */\r
+ p = NULL; /* value is a userdata with wrong metatable */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove both metatables */\r
+ return p;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ return NULL; /* value is not a userdata with a metatable */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) {\r
+ void *p = luaL_testudata(L, ud, tname);\r
+ if (p == NULL) typeerror(L, ud, tname);\r
+ return p;\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Argument check functions\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def,\r
+ const char *const lst[]) {\r
+ const char *name = (def) ? luaL_optstring(L, narg, def) :\r
+ luaL_checkstring(L, narg);\r
+ int i;\r
+ for (i=0; lst[i]; i++)\r
+ if (strcmp(lst[i], name) == 0)\r
+ return i;\r
+ return luaL_argerror(L, narg,\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid option " LUA_QS, name));\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int space, const char *msg) {\r
+ /* keep some extra space to run error routines, if needed */\r
+ const int extra = LUA_MINSTACK;\r
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L, space + extra)) {\r
+ if (msg)\r
+ luaL_error(L, "stack overflow (%s)", msg);\r
+ else\r
+ luaL_error(L, "stack overflow");\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int narg, int t) {\r
+ if (lua_type(L, narg) != t)\r
+ tag_error(L, narg, t);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int narg) {\r
+ if (lua_type(L, narg) == LUA_TNONE)\r
+ luaL_argerror(L, narg, "value expected");\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int narg, size_t *len) {\r
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, narg, len);\r
+ if (!s) tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TSTRING);\r
+ return s;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L, int narg,\r
+ const char *def, size_t *len) {\r
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, narg)) {\r
+ if (len)\r
+ *len = (def ? strlen(def) : 0);\r
+ return def;\r
+ }\r
+ else return luaL_checklstring(L, narg, len);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int narg) {\r
+ int isnum;\r
+ lua_Number d = lua_tonumberx(L, narg, &isnum);\r
+ if (!isnum)\r
+ tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER);\r
+ return d;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int narg, lua_Number def) {\r
+ return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checknumber, narg, def);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int narg) {\r
+ int isnum;\r
+ lua_Integer d = lua_tointegerx(L, narg, &isnum);\r
+ if (!isnum)\r
+ tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER);\r
+ return d;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Unsigned luaL_checkunsigned (lua_State *L, int narg) {\r
+ int isnum;\r
+ lua_Unsigned d = lua_tounsignedx(L, narg, &isnum);\r
+ if (!isnum)\r
+ tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER);\r
+ return d;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L, int narg,\r
+ lua_Integer def) {\r
+ return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, narg, def);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Unsigned luaL_optunsigned (lua_State *L, int narg,\r
+ lua_Unsigned def) {\r
+ return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkunsigned, narg, def);\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Generic Buffer manipulation\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** check whether buffer is using a userdata on the stack as a temporary\r
+** buffer\r
+*/\r
+#define buffonstack(B) ((B)->b != (B)->initb)\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** returns a pointer to a free area with at least 'sz' bytes\r
+*/\r
+LUALIB_API char *luaL_prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {\r
+ lua_State *L = B->L;\r
+ if (B->size - B->n < sz) { /* not enough space? */\r
+ char *newbuff;\r
+ size_t newsize = B->size * 2; /* double buffer size */\r
+ if (newsize - B->n < sz) /* not big enough? */\r
+ newsize = B->n + sz;\r
+ if (newsize < B->n || newsize - B->n < sz)\r
+ luaL_error(L, "buffer too large");\r
+ /* create larger buffer */\r
+ newbuff = (char *)lua_newuserdata(L, newsize * sizeof(char));\r
+ /* move content to new buffer */\r
+ memcpy(newbuff, B->b, B->n * sizeof(char));\r
+ if (buffonstack(B))\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove old buffer */\r
+ B->b = newbuff;\r
+ B->size = newsize;\r
+ }\r
+ return &B->b[B->n];\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l) {\r
+ char *b = luaL_prepbuffsize(B, l);\r
+ memcpy(b, s, l * sizeof(char));\r
+ luaL_addsize(B, l);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s) {\r
+ luaL_addlstring(B, s, strlen(s));\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B) {\r
+ lua_State *L = B->L;\r
+ lua_pushlstring(L, B->b, B->n);\r
+ if (buffonstack(B))\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove old buffer */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresultsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {\r
+ luaL_addsize(B, sz);\r
+ luaL_pushresult(B);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B) {\r
+ lua_State *L = B->L;\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &l);\r
+ if (buffonstack(B))\r
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* put value below buffer */\r
+ luaL_addlstring(B, s, l);\r
+ lua_remove(L, (buffonstack(B)) ? -2 : -1); /* remove value */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B) {\r
+ B->L = L;\r
+ B->b = B->initb;\r
+ B->n = 0;\r
+ B->size = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API char *luaL_buffinitsize (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, B);\r
+ return luaL_prepbuffsize(B, sz);\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Reference system\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+/* index of free-list header */\r
+#define freelist 0\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t) {\r
+ int ref;\r
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove from stack */\r
+ return LUA_REFNIL; /* `nil' has a unique fixed reference */\r
+ }\r
+ t = lua_absindex(L, t);\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, freelist); /* get first free element */\r
+ ref = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1); /* ref = t[freelist] */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove it from stack */\r
+ if (ref != 0) { /* any free element? */\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, ref); /* remove it from list */\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist); /* (t[freelist] = t[ref]) */\r
+ }\r
+ else /* no free elements */\r
+ ref = (int)lua_rawlen(L, t) + 1; /* get a new reference */\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, ref);\r
+ return ref;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref) {\r
+ if (ref >= 0) {\r
+ t = lua_absindex(L, t);\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, freelist);\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, ref); /* t[ref] = t[freelist] */\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, ref);\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist); /* t[freelist] = ref */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Load functions\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+typedef struct LoadF {\r
+ int n; /* number of pre-read characters */\r
+ FILE *f; /* file being read */\r
+ char buff[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE]; /* area for reading file */\r
+} LoadF;\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *getF (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {\r
+ LoadF *lf = (LoadF *)ud;\r
+ (void)L; /* not used */\r
+ if (lf->n > 0) { /* are there pre-read characters to be read? */\r
+ *size = lf->n; /* return them (chars already in buffer) */\r
+ lf->n = 0; /* no more pre-read characters */\r
+ }\r
+ else { /* read a block from file */\r
+ /* 'fread' can return > 0 *and* set the EOF flag. If next call to\r
+ 'getF' called 'fread', it might still wait for user input.\r
+ The next check avoids this problem. */\r
+ if (feof(lf->f)) return NULL;\r
+ *size = fread(lf->buff, 1, sizeof(lf->buff), lf->f); /* read block */\r
+ }\r
+ return lf->buff;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int errfile (lua_State *L, const char *what, int fnameindex) {\r
+ const char *serr = strerror(errno);\r
+ const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, fnameindex) + 1;\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot %s %s: %s", what, filename, serr);\r
+ lua_remove(L, fnameindex);\r
+ return LUA_ERRFILE;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int skipBOM (LoadF *lf) {\r
+ const char *p = "\xEF\xBB\xBF"; /* Utf8 BOM mark */\r
+ int c;\r
+ lf->n = 0;\r
+ do {\r
+ c = getc(lf->f);\r
+ if (c == EOF || c != *(const unsigned char *)p++) return c;\r
+ lf->buff[lf->n++] = (char)c; /* to be read by the parser */\r
+ } while (*p != '\0');\r
+ lf->n = 0; /* prefix matched; discard it */\r
+ return getc(lf->f); /* return next character */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** reads the first character of file 'f' and skips an optional BOM mark\r
+** in its beginning plus its first line if it starts with '#'. Returns\r
+** true if it skipped the first line. In any case, '*cp' has the\r
+** first "valid" character of the file (after the optional BOM and\r
+** a first-line comment).\r
+*/\r
+static int skipcomment (LoadF *lf, int *cp) {\r
+ int c = *cp = skipBOM(lf);\r
+ if (c == '#') { /* first line is a comment (Unix exec. file)? */\r
+ do { /* skip first line */\r
+ c = getc(lf->f);\r
+ } while (c != EOF && c != '\n') ;\r
+ *cp = getc(lf->f); /* skip end-of-line, if present */\r
+ return 1; /* there was a comment */\r
+ }\r
+ else return 0; /* no comment */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadfilex (lua_State *L, const char *filename,\r
+ const char *mode) {\r
+ LoadF lf;\r
+ int status, readstatus;\r
+ int c;\r
+ int fnameindex = lua_gettop(L) + 1; /* index of filename on the stack */\r
+ if (filename == NULL) {\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "=stdin");\r
+ lf.f = stdin;\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "@%s", filename);\r
+ lf.f = fopen(filename, "r");\r
+ if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "open", fnameindex);\r
+ }\r
+ if (skipcomment(&lf, &c)) /* read initial portion */\r
+ lf.buff[lf.n++] = '\n'; /* add line to correct line numbers */\r
+ if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0] && filename) { /* binary file? */\r
+ lf.f = freopen(filename, "rb", lf.f); /* reopen in binary mode */\r
+ if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "reopen", fnameindex);\r
+ skipcomment(&lf, &c); /* re-read initial portion */\r
+ }\r
+ if (c != EOF)\r
+ lf.buff[lf.n++] = (char)c; /* 'c' is the first character of the stream */\r
+ status = lua_load(L, getF, &lf, lua_tostring(L, -1), mode);\r
+ readstatus = ferror(lf.f);\r
+ if (filename) fclose(lf.f); /* close file (even in case of errors) */\r
+ if (readstatus) {\r
+ lua_settop(L, fnameindex); /* ignore results from `lua_load' */\r
+ return errfile(L, "read", fnameindex);\r
+ }\r
+ lua_remove(L, fnameindex);\r
+ return status;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+typedef struct LoadS {\r
+ const char *s;\r
+ size_t size;\r
+} LoadS;\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *getS (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {\r
+ LoadS *ls = (LoadS *)ud;\r
+ (void)L; /* not used */\r
+ if (ls->size == 0) return NULL;\r
+ *size = ls->size;\r
+ ls->size = 0;\r
+ return ls->s;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadbufferx (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t size,\r
+ const char *name, const char *mode) {\r
+ LoadS ls;\r
+ ls.s = buff;\r
+ ls.size = size;\r
+ return lua_load(L, getS, &ls, name, mode);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {\r
+ return luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), s);\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {\r
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, obj)) /* no metatable? */\r
+ return 0;\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, event);\r
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);\r
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {\r
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove metatable and metafield */\r
+ return 0;\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove only metatable */\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {\r
+ obj = lua_absindex(L, obj);\r
+ if (!luaL_getmetafield(L, obj, event)) /* no metafield? */\r
+ return 0;\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, obj);\r
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_len (lua_State *L, int idx) {\r
+ int l;\r
+ int isnum;\r
+ lua_len(L, idx);\r
+ l = (int)lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);\r
+ if (!isnum)\r
+ luaL_error(L, "object length is not a number");\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove object */\r
+ return l;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {\r
+ if (!luaL_callmeta(L, idx, "__tostring")) { /* no metafield? */\r
+ switch (lua_type(L, idx)) {\r
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:\r
+ case LUA_TSTRING:\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, idx);\r
+ break;\r
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, (lua_toboolean(L, idx) ? "true" : "false"));\r
+ break;\r
+ case LUA_TNIL:\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");\r
+ break;\r
+ default:\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", luaL_typename(L, idx),\r
+ lua_topointer(L, idx));\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ return lua_tolstring(L, -1, len);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Compatibility with 5.1 module functions\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)\r
+\r
+static const char *luaL_findtable (lua_State *L, int idx,\r
+ const char *fname, int szhint) {\r
+ const char *e;\r
+ if (idx) lua_pushvalue(L, idx);\r
+ do {\r
+ e = strchr(fname, '.');\r
+ if (e == NULL) e = fname + strlen(fname);\r
+ lua_pushlstring(L, fname, e - fname);\r
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);\r
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* no such field? */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove this nil */\r
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, (*e == '.' ? 1 : szhint)); /* new table for field */\r
+ lua_pushlstring(L, fname, e - fname);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);\r
+ lua_settable(L, -4); /* set new table into field */\r
+ }\r
+ else if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* field has a non-table value? */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove table and value */\r
+ return fname; /* return problematic part of the name */\r
+ }\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove previous table */\r
+ fname = e + 1;\r
+ } while (*e == '.');\r
+ return NULL;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Count number of elements in a luaL_Reg list.\r
+*/\r
+static int libsize (const luaL_Reg *l) {\r
+ int size = 0;\r
+ for (; l && l->name; l++) size++;\r
+ return size;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Find or create a module table with a given name. The function\r
+** first looks at the _LOADED table and, if that fails, try a\r
+** global variable with that name. In any case, leaves on the stack\r
+** the module table.\r
+*/\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushmodule (lua_State *L, const char *modname,\r
+ int sizehint) {\r
+ luaL_findtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED", 1); /* get _LOADED table */\r
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, modname); /* get _LOADED[modname] */\r
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* not found? */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove previous result */\r
+ /* try global variable (and create one if it does not exist) */\r
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);\r
+ if (luaL_findtable(L, 0, modname, sizehint) != NULL)\r
+ luaL_error(L, "name conflict for module " LUA_QS, modname);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -3, modname); /* _LOADED[modname] = new table */\r
+ }\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove _LOADED table */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_openlib (lua_State *L, const char *libname,\r
+ const luaL_Reg *l, int nup) {\r
+ luaL_checkversion(L);\r
+ if (libname) {\r
+ luaL_pushmodule(L, libname, libsize(l)); /* get/create library table */\r
+ lua_insert(L, -(nup + 1)); /* move library table to below upvalues */\r
+ }\r
+ if (l)\r
+ luaL_setfuncs(L, l, nup);\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pop(L, nup); /* remove upvalues */\r
+}\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** set functions from list 'l' into table at top - 'nup'; each\r
+** function gets the 'nup' elements at the top as upvalues.\r
+** Returns with only the table at the stack.\r
+*/\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_setfuncs (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup) {\r
+ luaL_checkversion(L);\r
+ luaL_checkstack(L, nup, "too many upvalues");\r
+ for (; l->name != NULL; l++) { /* fill the table with given functions */\r
+ int i;\r
+ for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) /* copy upvalues to the top */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -nup);\r
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, l->func, nup); /* closure with those upvalues */\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -(nup + 2), l->name);\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pop(L, nup); /* remove upvalues */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** ensure that stack[idx][fname] has a table and push that table\r
+** into the stack\r
+*/\r
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getsubtable (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname) {\r
+ lua_getfield(L, idx, fname);\r
+ if (lua_istable(L, -1)) return 1; /* table already there */\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove previous result */\r
+ idx = lua_absindex(L, idx);\r
+ lua_newtable(L);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* copy to be left at top */\r
+ lua_setfield(L, idx, fname); /* assign new table to field */\r
+ return 0; /* false, because did not find table there */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** stripped-down 'require'. Calls 'openf' to open a module,\r
+** registers the result in 'package.loaded' table and, if 'glb'\r
+** is true, also registers the result in the global table.\r
+** Leaves resulting module on the top.\r
+*/\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_requiref (lua_State *L, const char *modname,\r
+ lua_CFunction openf, int glb) {\r
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, openf);\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, modname); /* argument to open function */\r
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1); /* open module */\r
+ luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* make copy of module (call result) */\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, modname); /* _LOADED[modname] = module */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove _LOADED table */\r
+ if (glb) {\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* copy of 'mod' */\r
+ lua_setglobal(L, modname); /* _G[modname] = module */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p,\r
+ const char *r) {\r
+ const char *wild;\r
+ size_t l = strlen(p);\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);\r
+ while ((wild = strstr(s, p)) != NULL) {\r
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, s, wild - s); /* push prefix */\r
+ luaL_addstring(&b, r); /* push replacement in place of pattern */\r
+ s = wild + l; /* continue after `p' */\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_addstring(&b, s); /* push last suffix */\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);\r
+ return lua_tostring(L, -1);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {\r
+ (void)ud; (void)osize; /* not used */\r
+ if (nsize == 0) {\r
+ free(ptr);\r
+ return NULL;\r
+ }\r
+ else\r
+ return realloc(ptr, nsize);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int panic (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luai_writestringerror("PANIC: unprotected error in call to Lua API (%s)\n",\r
+ lua_tostring(L, -1));\r
+ return 0; /* return to Lua to abort */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API lua_State *luaL_newstate (void) {\r
+ lua_State *L = lua_newstate(l_alloc, NULL);\r
+ if (L) lua_atpanic(L, &panic);\r
+ return L;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkversion_ (lua_State *L, lua_Number ver) {\r
+ const lua_Number *v = lua_version(L);\r
+ if (v != lua_version(NULL))\r
+ luaL_error(L, "multiple Lua VMs detected");\r
+ else if (*v != ver)\r
+ luaL_error(L, "version mismatch: app. needs %f, Lua core provides %f",\r
+ ver, *v);\r
+ /* check conversions number -> integer types */\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, -(lua_Number)0x1234);\r
+ if (lua_tointeger(L, -1) != -0x1234 ||\r
+ lua_tounsigned(L, -1) != (lua_Unsigned)-0x1234)\r
+ luaL_error(L, "bad conversion number->int;"\r
+ " must recompile Lua with proper settings");\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1);\r
+}\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/** @file\r
+ Stub header to allow the "real" headers to reside in StdLib/Include/Lua\r
+ yet have the Lua sources build without having to change the include\r
+ directives in each file.\r
+\r
+ Copyright (c) 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>\r
+ This program and the accompanying materials are licensed and made available under\r
+ the terms and conditions of the BSD License that accompanies this distribution.\r
+ The full text of the license may be found at\r
+ http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.\r
+\r
+ THE PROGRAM IS DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE BSD LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,\r
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.\r
+**/\r
+#include <Lua/lauxlib.h>\r
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: lbaselib.c,v 1.276.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Basic library\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <ctype.h>\r
+#include <stdio.h>\r
+#include <stdlib.h>\r
+#include <string.h>\r
+\r
+#define lbaselib_c\r
+#define LUA_LIB\r
+\r
+#include "lua.h"\r
+\r
+#include "lauxlib.h"\r
+#include "lualib.h"\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */\r
+ int i;\r
+ lua_getglobal(L, "tostring");\r
+ for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {\r
+ const char *s;\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* function to be called */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* value to print */\r
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1);\r
+ s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &l); /* get result */\r
+ if (s == NULL)\r
+ return luaL_error(L,\r
+ LUA_QL("tostring") " must return a string to " LUA_QL("print"));\r
+ if (i>1) luai_writestring("\t", 1);\r
+ luai_writestring(s, l);\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */\r
+ }\r
+ luai_writeline();\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+#define SPACECHARS " \f\n\r\t\v"\r
+\r
+static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {\r
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) { /* standard conversion */\r
+ int isnum;\r
+ lua_Number n = lua_tonumberx(L, 1, &isnum);\r
+ if (isnum) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, n);\r
+ return 1;\r
+ } /* else not a number; must be something */\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);\r
+ const char *e = s + l; /* end point for 's' */\r
+ int base = luaL_checkint(L, 2);\r
+ int neg = 0;\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");\r
+ s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS); /* skip initial spaces */\r
+ if (*s == '-') { s++; neg = 1; } /* handle signal */\r
+ else if (*s == '+') s++;\r
+ if (isalnum((unsigned char)*s)) {\r
+ lua_Number n = 0;\r
+ do {\r
+ int digit = (isdigit((unsigned char)*s)) ? *s - '0'\r
+ : toupper((unsigned char)*s) - 'A' + 10;\r
+ if (digit >= base) break; /* invalid numeral; force a fail */\r
+ n = n * (lua_Number)base + (lua_Number)digit;\r
+ s++;\r
+ } while (isalnum((unsigned char)*s));\r
+ s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS); /* skip trailing spaces */\r
+ if (s == e) { /* no invalid trailing characters? */\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, (neg) ? -n : n);\r
+ return 1;\r
+ } /* else not a number */\r
+ } /* else not a number */\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* not a number */\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int level = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 1);\r
+ if (lua_isstring(L, 1) && level > 0) { /* add extra information? */\r
+ luaL_where(L, level);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);\r
+ lua_concat(L, 2);\r
+ }\r
+ return lua_error(L);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);\r
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ return 1; /* no metatable */\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable");\r
+ return 1; /* returns either __metatable field (if present) or metatable */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int t = lua_type(L, 2);\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,\r
+ "nil or table expected");\r
+ if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable"))\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable");\r
+ lua_settop(L, 2);\r
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 1);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, lua_rawequal(L, 1, 2));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_rawlen (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int t = lua_type(L, 1);\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TTABLE || t == LUA_TSTRING, 1,\r
+ "table or string expected");\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, lua_rawlen(L, 1));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_rawget (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 2);\r
+ lua_rawget(L, 1);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 3);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 3);\r
+ lua_rawset(L, 1);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {\r
+ static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",\r
+ "count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul",\r
+ "setmajorinc", "isrunning", "generational", "incremental", NULL};\r
+ static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,\r
+ LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL,\r
+ LUA_GCSETMAJORINC, LUA_GCISRUNNING, LUA_GCGEN, LUA_GCINC};\r
+ int o = optsnum[luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts)];\r
+ int ex = luaL_optint(L, 2, 0);\r
+ int res = lua_gc(L, o, ex);\r
+ switch (o) {\r
+ case LUA_GCCOUNT: {\r
+ int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0);\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, res + ((lua_Number)b/1024));\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, b);\r
+ return 2;\r
+ }\r
+ case LUA_GCSTEP: case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, res);\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ default: {\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, res);\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, luaL_typename(L, 1));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int pairsmeta (lua_State *L, const char *method, int iszero,\r
+ lua_CFunction iter) {\r
+ if (!luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, method)) { /* no metamethod? */\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); /* argument must be a table */\r
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, iter); /* will return generator, */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */\r
+ if (iszero) lua_pushinteger(L, 0); /* and initial value */\r
+ else lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* argument 'self' to metamethod */\r
+ lua_call(L, 1, 3); /* get 3 values from metamethod */\r
+ }\r
+ return 3;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 2); /* create a 2nd argument if there isn't one */\r
+ if (lua_next(L, 1))\r
+ return 2;\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return pairsmeta(L, "__pairs", 0, luaB_next);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ i++; /* next value */\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, i);\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);\r
+ return (lua_isnil(L, -1)) ? 1 : 2;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return pairsmeta(L, "__ipairs", 1, ipairsaux);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status, int envidx) {\r
+ if (status == LUA_OK) {\r
+ if (envidx != 0) { /* 'env' parameter? */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, envidx); /* environment for loaded function */\r
+ if (!lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1)) /* set it as 1st upvalue */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove 'env' if not used by previous call */\r
+ }\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ else { /* error (message is on top of the stack) */\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* put before error message */\r
+ return 2; /* return nil plus error message */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);\r
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, NULL);\r
+ int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 3) ? 3 : 0); /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */\r
+ int status = luaL_loadfilex(L, fname, mode);\r
+ return load_aux(L, status, env);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Generic Read function\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** reserved slot, above all arguments, to hold a copy of the returned\r
+** string to avoid it being collected while parsed. 'load' has four\r
+** optional arguments (chunk, source name, mode, and environment).\r
+*/\r
+#define RESERVEDSLOT 5\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Reader for generic `load' function: `lua_load' uses the\r
+** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the\r
+** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a\r
+** reserved slot inside the stack.\r
+*/\r
+static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {\r
+ (void)(ud); /* not used */\r
+ luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions");\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* get function */\r
+ lua_call(L, 0, 1); /* call it */\r
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */\r
+ *size = 0;\r
+ return NULL;\r
+ }\r
+ else if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))\r
+ luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");\r
+ lua_replace(L, RESERVEDSLOT); /* save string in reserved slot */\r
+ return lua_tolstring(L, RESERVEDSLOT, size);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int status;\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);\r
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 3, "bt");\r
+ int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 4) ? 4 : 0); /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */\r
+ if (s != NULL) { /* loading a string? */\r
+ const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);\r
+ status = luaL_loadbufferx(L, s, l, chunkname, mode);\r
+ }\r
+ else { /* loading from a reader function */\r
+ const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)");\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);\r
+ lua_settop(L, RESERVEDSLOT); /* create reserved slot */\r
+ status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, chunkname, mode);\r
+ }\r
+ return load_aux(L, status, env);\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+static int dofilecont (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return lua_gettop(L) - 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 1);\r
+ if (luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != LUA_OK)\r
+ return lua_error(L);\r
+ lua_callk(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0, dofilecont);\r
+ return dofilecont(L);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) {\r
+ if (!lua_toboolean(L, 1))\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "%s", luaL_optstring(L, 2, "assertion failed!"));\r
+ return lua_gettop(L);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int n = lua_gettop(L);\r
+ if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && *lua_tostring(L, 1) == '#') {\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n-1);\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ int i = luaL_checkint(L, 1);\r
+ if (i < 0) i = n + i;\r
+ else if (i > n) i = n;\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range");\r
+ return n - i;\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int finishpcall (lua_State *L, int status) {\r
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L, 1)) { /* no space for extra boolean? */\r
+ lua_settop(L, 0); /* create space for return values */\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 0);\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, "stack overflow");\r
+ return 2; /* return false, msg */\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, status); /* first result (status) */\r
+ lua_replace(L, 1); /* put first result in first slot */\r
+ return lua_gettop(L);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int pcallcont (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int status = lua_getctx(L, NULL);\r
+ return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_YIELD));\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int status;\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ lua_insert(L, 1); /* create space for status result */\r
+ status = lua_pcallk(L, lua_gettop(L) - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 0, 0, pcallcont);\r
+ return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_OK));\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int status;\r
+ int n = lua_gettop(L);\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 2, 2, "value expected");\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* exchange function... */\r
+ lua_copy(L, 2, 1); /* ...and error handler */\r
+ lua_replace(L, 2);\r
+ status = lua_pcallk(L, n - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 1, 0, pcallcont);\r
+ return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_OK));\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int luaB_tostring (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);\r
+ luaL_tolstring(L, 1, NULL);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {\r
+ {"assert", luaB_assert},\r
+ {"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},\r
+ {"dofile", luaB_dofile},\r
+ {"error", luaB_error},\r
+ {"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},\r
+ {"ipairs", luaB_ipairs},\r
+ {"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},\r
+ {"load", luaB_load},\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOADSTRING)\r
+ {"loadstring", luaB_load},\r
+#endif\r
+ {"next", luaB_next},\r
+ {"pairs", luaB_pairs},\r
+ {"pcall", luaB_pcall},\r
+ {"print", luaB_print},\r
+ {"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},\r
+ {"rawlen", luaB_rawlen},\r
+ {"rawget", luaB_rawget},\r
+ {"rawset", luaB_rawset},\r
+ {"select", luaB_select},\r
+ {"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},\r
+ {"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},\r
+ {"tostring", luaB_tostring},\r
+ {"type", luaB_type},\r
+ {"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},\r
+ {NULL, NULL}\r
+};\r
+\r
+\r
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {\r
+ /* set global _G */\r
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);\r
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_G");\r
+ /* open lib into global table */\r
+ luaL_setfuncs(L, base_funcs, 0);\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_VERSION"); /* set global _VERSION */\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lbitlib.c,v 1.18.1.2 2013/07/09 18:01:41 roberto Exp $
+** Standard library for bitwise operations
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lbitlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/* number of bits to consider in a number */
+#if !defined(LUA_NBITS)
+#define LUA_NBITS 32
+#endif
+
+
+#define ALLONES (~(((~(lua_Unsigned)0) << (LUA_NBITS - 1)) << 1))
+
+/* macro to trim extra bits */
+#define trim(x) ((x) & ALLONES)
+
+
+/* builds a number with 'n' ones (1 <= n <= LUA_NBITS) */
+#define mask(n) (~((ALLONES << 1) << ((n) - 1)))
+
+
+typedef lua_Unsigned b_uint;
+
+
+
+static b_uint andaux (lua_State *L) {
+ int i, n = lua_gettop(L);
+ b_uint r = ~(b_uint)0;
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+ r &= luaL_checkunsigned(L, i);
+ return trim(r);
+}
+
+
+static int b_and (lua_State *L) {
+ b_uint r = andaux(L);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_test (lua_State *L) {
+ b_uint r = andaux(L);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, r != 0);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_or (lua_State *L) {
+ int i, n = lua_gettop(L);
+ b_uint r = 0;
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+ r |= luaL_checkunsigned(L, i);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_xor (lua_State *L) {
+ int i, n = lua_gettop(L);
+ b_uint r = 0;
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+ r ^= luaL_checkunsigned(L, i);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_not (lua_State *L) {
+ b_uint r = ~luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_shift (lua_State *L, b_uint r, int i) {
+ if (i < 0) { /* shift right? */
+ i = -i;
+ r = trim(r);
+ if (i >= LUA_NBITS) r = 0;
+ else r >>= i;
+ }
+ else { /* shift left */
+ if (i >= LUA_NBITS) r = 0;
+ else r <<= i;
+ r = trim(r);
+ }
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_lshift (lua_State *L) {
+ return b_shift(L, luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1), luaL_checkint(L, 2));
+}
+
+
+static int b_rshift (lua_State *L) {
+ return b_shift(L, luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1), -luaL_checkint(L, 2));
+}
+
+
+static int b_arshift (lua_State *L) {
+ b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
+ int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ if (i < 0 || !(r & ((b_uint)1 << (LUA_NBITS - 1))))
+ return b_shift(L, r, -i);
+ else { /* arithmetic shift for 'negative' number */
+ if (i >= LUA_NBITS) r = ALLONES;
+ else
+ r = trim((r >> i) | ~(~(b_uint)0 >> i)); /* add signal bit */
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int b_rot (lua_State *L, int i) {
+ b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
+ i &= (LUA_NBITS - 1); /* i = i % NBITS */
+ r = trim(r);
+ if (i != 0) /* avoid undefined shift of LUA_NBITS when i == 0 */
+ r = (r << i) | (r >> (LUA_NBITS - i));
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_lrot (lua_State *L) {
+ return b_rot(L, luaL_checkint(L, 2));
+}
+
+
+static int b_rrot (lua_State *L) {
+ return b_rot(L, -luaL_checkint(L, 2));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** get field and width arguments for field-manipulation functions,
+** checking whether they are valid.
+** ('luaL_error' called without 'return' to avoid later warnings about
+** 'width' being used uninitialized.)
+*/
+static int fieldargs (lua_State *L, int farg, int *width) {
+ int f = luaL_checkint(L, farg);
+ int w = luaL_optint(L, farg + 1, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 0 <= f, farg, "field cannot be negative");
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 0 < w, farg + 1, "width must be positive");
+ if (f + w > LUA_NBITS)
+ luaL_error(L, "trying to access non-existent bits");
+ *width = w;
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+static int b_extract (lua_State *L) {
+ int w;
+ b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
+ int f = fieldargs(L, 2, &w);
+ r = (r >> f) & mask(w);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_replace (lua_State *L) {
+ int w;
+ b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
+ b_uint v = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 2);
+ int f = fieldargs(L, 3, &w);
+ int m = mask(w);
+ v &= m; /* erase bits outside given width */
+ r = (r & ~(m << f)) | (v << f);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg bitlib[] = {
+ {"arshift", b_arshift},
+ {"band", b_and},
+ {"bnot", b_not},
+ {"bor", b_or},
+ {"bxor", b_xor},
+ {"btest", b_test},
+ {"extract", b_extract},
+ {"lrotate", b_lrot},
+ {"lshift", b_lshift},
+ {"replace", b_replace},
+ {"rrotate", b_rrot},
+ {"rshift", b_rshift},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_bit32 (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newlib(L, bitlib);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.c,v 2.62.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define lcode_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+#define hasjumps(e) ((e)->t != (e)->f)
+
+
+static int isnumeral(expdesc *e) {
+ return (e->k == VKNUM && e->t == NO_JUMP && e->f == NO_JUMP);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n) {
+ Instruction *previous;
+ int l = from + n - 1; /* last register to set nil */
+ if (fs->pc > fs->lasttarget) { /* no jumps to current position? */
+ previous = &fs->f->code[fs->pc-1];
+ if (GET_OPCODE(*previous) == OP_LOADNIL) {
+ int pfrom = GETARG_A(*previous);
+ int pl = pfrom + GETARG_B(*previous);
+ if ((pfrom <= from && from <= pl + 1) ||
+ (from <= pfrom && pfrom <= l + 1)) { /* can connect both? */
+ if (pfrom < from) from = pfrom; /* from = min(from, pfrom) */
+ if (pl > l) l = pl; /* l = max(l, pl) */
+ SETARG_A(*previous, from);
+ SETARG_B(*previous, l - from);
+ return;
+ }
+ } /* else go through */
+ }
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADNIL, from, n - 1, 0); /* else no optimization */
+}
+
+
+int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs) {
+ int jpc = fs->jpc; /* save list of jumps to here */
+ int j;
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+ j = luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_JMP, 0, NO_JUMP);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &j, jpc); /* keep them on hold */
+ return j;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret) {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_RETURN, first, nret+1, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int condjump (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int A, int B, int C) {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, op, A, B, C);
+ return luaK_jump(fs);
+}
+
+
+static void fixjump (FuncState *fs, int pc, int dest) {
+ Instruction *jmp = &fs->f->code[pc];
+ int offset = dest-(pc+1);
+ lua_assert(dest != NO_JUMP);
+ if (abs(offset) > MAXARG_sBx)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "control structure too long");
+ SETARG_sBx(*jmp, offset);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns current `pc' and marks it as a jump target (to avoid wrong
+** optimizations with consecutive instructions not in the same basic block).
+*/
+int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs) {
+ fs->lasttarget = fs->pc;
+ return fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static int getjump (FuncState *fs, int pc) {
+ int offset = GETARG_sBx(fs->f->code[pc]);
+ if (offset == NO_JUMP) /* point to itself represents end of list */
+ return NO_JUMP; /* end of list */
+ else
+ return (pc+1)+offset; /* turn offset into absolute position */
+}
+
+
+static Instruction *getjumpcontrol (FuncState *fs, int pc) {
+ Instruction *pi = &fs->f->code[pc];
+ if (pc >= 1 && testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*(pi-1))))
+ return pi-1;
+ else
+ return pi;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether list has any jump that do not produce a value
+** (or produce an inverted value)
+*/
+static int need_value (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+ for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list)) {
+ Instruction i = *getjumpcontrol(fs, list);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(i) != OP_TESTSET) return 1;
+ }
+ return 0; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int patchtestreg (FuncState *fs, int node, int reg) {
+ Instruction *i = getjumpcontrol(fs, node);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(*i) != OP_TESTSET)
+ return 0; /* cannot patch other instructions */
+ if (reg != NO_REG && reg != GETARG_B(*i))
+ SETARG_A(*i, reg);
+ else /* no register to put value or register already has the value */
+ *i = CREATE_ABC(OP_TEST, GETARG_B(*i), 0, GETARG_C(*i));
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void removevalues (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+ for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list))
+ patchtestreg(fs, list, NO_REG);
+}
+
+
+static void patchlistaux (FuncState *fs, int list, int vtarget, int reg,
+ int dtarget) {
+ while (list != NO_JUMP) {
+ int next = getjump(fs, list);
+ if (patchtestreg(fs, list, reg))
+ fixjump(fs, list, vtarget);
+ else
+ fixjump(fs, list, dtarget); /* jump to default target */
+ list = next;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void dischargejpc (FuncState *fs) {
+ patchlistaux(fs, fs->jpc, fs->pc, NO_REG, fs->pc);
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target) {
+ if (target == fs->pc)
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, list);
+ else {
+ lua_assert(target < fs->pc);
+ patchlistaux(fs, list, target, NO_REG, target);
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchclose (FuncState *fs, int list, int level) {
+ level++; /* argument is +1 to reserve 0 as non-op */
+ while (list != NO_JUMP) {
+ int next = getjump(fs, list);
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(fs->f->code[list]) == OP_JMP &&
+ (GETARG_A(fs->f->code[list]) == 0 ||
+ GETARG_A(fs->f->code[list]) >= level));
+ SETARG_A(fs->f->code[list], level);
+ list = next;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+ luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &fs->jpc, list);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2) {
+ if (l2 == NO_JUMP) return;
+ else if (*l1 == NO_JUMP)
+ *l1 = l2;
+ else {
+ int list = *l1;
+ int next;
+ while ((next = getjump(fs, list)) != NO_JUMP) /* find last element */
+ list = next;
+ fixjump(fs, list, l2);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i) {
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ dischargejpc(fs); /* `pc' will change */
+ /* put new instruction in code array */
+ luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->code, fs->pc, f->sizecode, Instruction,
+ MAX_INT, "opcodes");
+ f->code[fs->pc] = i;
+ /* save corresponding line information */
+ luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->lineinfo, fs->pc, f->sizelineinfo, int,
+ MAX_INT, "opcodes");
+ f->lineinfo[fs->pc] = fs->ls->lastline;
+ return fs->pc++;
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b, int c) {
+ lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABC);
+ lua_assert(getBMode(o) != OpArgN || b == 0);
+ lua_assert(getCMode(o) != OpArgN || c == 0);
+ lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && b <= MAXARG_B && c <= MAXARG_C);
+ return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABC(o, a, b, c));
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, unsigned int bc) {
+ lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABx || getOpMode(o) == iAsBx);
+ lua_assert(getCMode(o) == OpArgN);
+ lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && bc <= MAXARG_Bx);
+ return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, bc));
+}
+
+
+static int codeextraarg (FuncState *fs, int a) {
+ lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_Ax);
+ return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_Ax(OP_EXTRAARG, a));
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codek (FuncState *fs, int reg, int k) {
+ if (k <= MAXARG_Bx)
+ return luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, reg, k);
+ else {
+ int p = luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADKX, reg, 0);
+ codeextraarg(fs, k);
+ return p;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n) {
+ int newstack = fs->freereg + n;
+ if (newstack > fs->f->maxstacksize) {
+ if (newstack >= MAXSTACK)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "function or expression too complex");
+ fs->f->maxstacksize = cast_byte(newstack);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n) {
+ luaK_checkstack(fs, n);
+ fs->freereg += (lu_byte)n;
+}
+
+
+static void freereg (FuncState *fs, int reg) {
+ if (!ISK(reg) && reg >= fs->nactvar) {
+ fs->freereg--;
+ lua_assert(reg == fs->freereg);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void freeexp (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k == VNONRELOC)
+ freereg(fs, e->u.info);
+}
+
+
+static int addk (FuncState *fs, TValue *key, TValue *v) {
+ lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
+ TValue *idx = luaH_set(L, fs->h, key);
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int k, oldsize;
+ if (ttisnumber(idx)) {
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(idx);
+ lua_number2int(k, n);
+ if (luaV_rawequalobj(&f->k[k], v))
+ return k;
+ /* else may be a collision (e.g., between 0.0 and "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0");
+ go through and create a new entry for this value */
+ }
+ /* constant not found; create a new entry */
+ oldsize = f->sizek;
+ k = fs->nk;
+ /* numerical value does not need GC barrier;
+ table has no metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
+ setnvalue(idx, cast_num(k));
+ luaM_growvector(L, f->k, k, f->sizek, TValue, MAXARG_Ax, "constants");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizek) setnilvalue(&f->k[oldsize++]);
+ setobj(L, &f->k[k], v);
+ fs->nk++;
+ luaC_barrier(L, f, v);
+ return k;
+}
+
+
+int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s) {
+ TValue o;
+ setsvalue(fs->ls->L, &o, s);
+ return addk(fs, &o, &o);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r) {
+ int n;
+ lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
+ TValue o;
+ setnvalue(&o, r);
+ if (r == 0 || luai_numisnan(NULL, r)) { /* handle -0 and NaN */
+ /* use raw representation as key to avoid numeric problems */
+ setsvalue(L, L->top++, luaS_newlstr(L, (char *)&r, sizeof(r)));
+ n = addk(fs, L->top - 1, &o);
+ L->top--;
+ }
+ else
+ n = addk(fs, &o, &o); /* regular case */
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static int boolK (FuncState *fs, int b) {
+ TValue o;
+ setbvalue(&o, b);
+ return addk(fs, &o, &o);
+}
+
+
+static int nilK (FuncState *fs) {
+ TValue k, v;
+ setnilvalue(&v);
+ /* cannot use nil as key; instead use table itself to represent nil */
+ sethvalue(fs->ls->L, &k, fs->h);
+ return addk(fs, &k, &v);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults) {
+ if (e->k == VCALL) { /* expression is an open function call? */
+ SETARG_C(getcode(fs, e), nresults+1);
+ }
+ else if (e->k == VVARARG) {
+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e), nresults+1);
+ SETARG_A(getcode(fs, e), fs->freereg);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k == VCALL) { /* expression is an open function call? */
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+ e->u.info = GETARG_A(getcode(fs, e));
+ }
+ else if (e->k == VVARARG) {
+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e), 2);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE; /* can relocate its simple result */
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VLOCAL: {
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VUPVAL: {
+ e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETUPVAL, 0, e->u.info, 0);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VINDEXED: {
+ OpCode op = OP_GETTABUP; /* assume 't' is in an upvalue */
+ freereg(fs, e->u.ind.idx);
+ if (e->u.ind.vt == VLOCAL) { /* 't' is in a register? */
+ freereg(fs, e->u.ind.t);
+ op = OP_GETTABLE;
+ }
+ e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, op, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VVARARG:
+ case VCALL: {
+ luaK_setoneret(fs, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: break; /* there is one value available (somewhere) */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int code_label (FuncState *fs, int A, int b, int jump) {
+ luaK_getlabel(fs); /* those instructions may be jump targets */
+ return luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADBOOL, A, b, jump);
+}
+
+
+static void discharge2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VNIL: {
+ luaK_nil(fs, reg, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VFALSE: case VTRUE: {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADBOOL, reg, e->k == VTRUE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VK: {
+ luaK_codek(fs, reg, e->u.info);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VKNUM: {
+ luaK_codek(fs, reg, luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval));
+ break;
+ }
+ case VRELOCABLE: {
+ Instruction *pc = &getcode(fs, e);
+ SETARG_A(*pc, reg);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VNONRELOC: {
+ if (reg != e->u.info)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, reg, e->u.info, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_assert(e->k == VVOID || e->k == VJMP);
+ return; /* nothing to do... */
+ }
+ }
+ e->u.info = reg;
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+static void discharge2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k != VNONRELOC) {
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ discharge2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg-1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void exp2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {
+ discharge2reg(fs, e, reg);
+ if (e->k == VJMP)
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, e->u.info); /* put this jump in `t' list */
+ if (hasjumps(e)) {
+ int final; /* position after whole expression */
+ int p_f = NO_JUMP; /* position of an eventual LOAD false */
+ int p_t = NO_JUMP; /* position of an eventual LOAD true */
+ if (need_value(fs, e->t) || need_value(fs, e->f)) {
+ int fj = (e->k == VJMP) ? NO_JUMP : luaK_jump(fs);
+ p_f = code_label(fs, reg, 0, 1);
+ p_t = code_label(fs, reg, 1, 0);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, fj);
+ }
+ final = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ patchlistaux(fs, e->f, final, reg, p_f);
+ patchlistaux(fs, e->t, final, reg, p_t);
+ }
+ e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+ e->u.info = reg;
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ exp2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg - 1);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ if (e->k == VNONRELOC) {
+ if (!hasjumps(e)) return e->u.info; /* exp is already in a register */
+ if (e->u.info >= fs->nactvar) { /* reg. is not a local? */
+ exp2reg(fs, e, e->u.info); /* put value on it */
+ return e->u.info;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e); /* default */
+ return e->u.info;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k != VUPVAL || hasjumps(e))
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (hasjumps(e))
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+ else
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_exp2val(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VTRUE:
+ case VFALSE:
+ case VNIL: {
+ if (fs->nk <= MAXINDEXRK) { /* constant fits in RK operand? */
+ e->u.info = (e->k == VNIL) ? nilK(fs) : boolK(fs, (e->k == VTRUE));
+ e->k = VK;
+ return RKASK(e->u.info);
+ }
+ else break;
+ }
+ case VKNUM: {
+ e->u.info = luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval);
+ e->k = VK;
+ /* go through */
+ }
+ case VK: {
+ if (e->u.info <= MAXINDEXRK) /* constant fits in argC? */
+ return RKASK(e->u.info);
+ else break;
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ /* not a constant in the right range: put it in a register */
+ return luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *ex) {
+ switch (var->k) {
+ case VLOCAL: {
+ freeexp(fs, ex);
+ exp2reg(fs, ex, var->u.info);
+ return;
+ }
+ case VUPVAL: {
+ int e = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, ex);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETUPVAL, e, var->u.info, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VINDEXED: {
+ OpCode op = (var->u.ind.vt == VLOCAL) ? OP_SETTABLE : OP_SETTABUP;
+ int e = luaK_exp2RK(fs, ex);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, op, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_assert(0); /* invalid var kind to store */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ freeexp(fs, ex);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key) {
+ int ereg;
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+ ereg = e->u.info; /* register where 'e' was placed */
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ e->u.info = fs->freereg; /* base register for op_self */
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 2); /* function and 'self' produced by op_self */
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SELF, e->u.info, ereg, luaK_exp2RK(fs, key));
+ freeexp(fs, key);
+}
+
+
+static void invertjump (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ Instruction *pc = getjumpcontrol(fs, e->u.info);
+ lua_assert(testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*pc)) && GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TESTSET &&
+ GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TEST);
+ SETARG_A(*pc, !(GETARG_A(*pc)));
+}
+
+
+static int jumponcond (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int cond) {
+ if (e->k == VRELOCABLE) {
+ Instruction ie = getcode(fs, e);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(ie) == OP_NOT) {
+ fs->pc--; /* remove previous OP_NOT */
+ return condjump(fs, OP_TEST, GETARG_B(ie), 0, !cond);
+ }
+ /* else go through */
+ }
+ discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ return condjump(fs, OP_TESTSET, NO_REG, e->u.info, cond);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ int pc; /* pc of last jump */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VJMP: {
+ invertjump(fs, e);
+ pc = e->u.info;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VK: case VKNUM: case VTRUE: {
+ pc = NO_JUMP; /* always true; do nothing */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->f, pc); /* insert last jump in `f' list */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->t);
+ e->t = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ int pc; /* pc of last jump */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VJMP: {
+ pc = e->u.info;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VNIL: case VFALSE: {
+ pc = NO_JUMP; /* always false; do nothing */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, pc); /* insert last jump in `t' list */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->f);
+ e->f = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+static void codenot (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VNIL: case VFALSE: {
+ e->k = VTRUE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VK: case VKNUM: case VTRUE: {
+ e->k = VFALSE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VJMP: {
+ invertjump(fs, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VRELOCABLE:
+ case VNONRELOC: {
+ discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NOT, 0, e->u.info, 0);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_assert(0); /* cannot happen */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ /* interchange true and false lists */
+ { int temp = e->f; e->f = e->t; e->t = temp; }
+ removevalues(fs, e->f);
+ removevalues(fs, e->t);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k) {
+ lua_assert(!hasjumps(t));
+ t->u.ind.t = (lu_byte)t->u.info;
+ t->u.ind.idx = (short)luaK_exp2RK(fs, k);
+ t->u.ind.vt = (t->k == VUPVAL) ? VUPVAL
+ : check_exp(vkisinreg(t->k), VLOCAL);
+ t->k = VINDEXED;
+}
+
+
+static int constfolding (OpCode op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+ lua_Number r;
+ if (!isnumeral(e1) || !isnumeral(e2)) return 0;
+ if ((op == OP_DIV || op == OP_MOD) && e2->u.nval == 0)
+ return 0; /* do not attempt to divide by 0 */
+ r = luaO_arith(op - OP_ADD + LUA_OPADD, e1->u.nval, e2->u.nval);
+ e1->u.nval = r;
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void codearith (FuncState *fs, OpCode op,
+ expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+ if (constfolding(op, e1, e2))
+ return;
+ else {
+ int o2 = (op != OP_UNM && op != OP_LEN) ? luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2) : 0;
+ int o1 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1);
+ if (o1 > o2) {
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ }
+ else {
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ }
+ e1->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, op, 0, o1, o2);
+ e1->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void codecomp (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int cond, expdesc *e1,
+ expdesc *e2) {
+ int o1 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1);
+ int o2 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ if (cond == 0 && op != OP_EQ) {
+ int temp; /* exchange args to replace by `<' or `<=' */
+ temp = o1; o1 = o2; o2 = temp; /* o1 <==> o2 */
+ cond = 1;
+ }
+ e1->u.info = condjump(fs, op, cond, o1, o2);
+ e1->k = VJMP;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *e, int line) {
+ expdesc e2;
+ e2.t = e2.f = NO_JUMP; e2.k = VKNUM; e2.u.nval = 0;
+ switch (op) {
+ case OPR_MINUS: {
+ if (isnumeral(e)) /* minus constant? */
+ e->u.nval = luai_numunm(NULL, e->u.nval); /* fold it */
+ else {
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+ codearith(fs, OP_UNM, e, &e2, line);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_NOT: codenot(fs, e); break;
+ case OPR_LEN: {
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); /* cannot operate on constants */
+ codearith(fs, OP_LEN, e, &e2, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case OPR_AND: {
+ luaK_goiftrue(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_OR: {
+ luaK_goiffalse(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_CONCAT: {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v); /* operand must be on the `stack' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_ADD: case OPR_SUB: case OPR_MUL: case OPR_DIV:
+ case OPR_MOD: case OPR_POW: {
+ if (!isnumeral(v)) luaK_exp2RK(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaK_exp2RK(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op,
+ expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case OPR_AND: {
+ lua_assert(e1->t == NO_JUMP); /* list must be closed */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e2->f, e1->f);
+ *e1 = *e2;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_OR: {
+ lua_assert(e1->f == NO_JUMP); /* list must be closed */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e2->t, e1->t);
+ *e1 = *e2;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_CONCAT: {
+ luaK_exp2val(fs, e2);
+ if (e2->k == VRELOCABLE && GET_OPCODE(getcode(fs, e2)) == OP_CONCAT) {
+ lua_assert(e1->u.info == GETARG_B(getcode(fs, e2))-1);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e2), e1->u.info);
+ e1->k = VRELOCABLE; e1->u.info = e2->u.info;
+ }
+ else {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e2); /* operand must be on the 'stack' */
+ codearith(fs, OP_CONCAT, e1, e2, line);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_ADD: case OPR_SUB: case OPR_MUL: case OPR_DIV:
+ case OPR_MOD: case OPR_POW: {
+ codearith(fs, cast(OpCode, op - OPR_ADD + OP_ADD), e1, e2, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_EQ: case OPR_LT: case OPR_LE: {
+ codecomp(fs, cast(OpCode, op - OPR_EQ + OP_EQ), 1, e1, e2);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_NE: case OPR_GT: case OPR_GE: {
+ codecomp(fs, cast(OpCode, op - OPR_NE + OP_EQ), 0, e1, e2);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line) {
+ fs->f->lineinfo[fs->pc - 1] = line;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore) {
+ int c = (nelems - 1)/LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH + 1;
+ int b = (tostore == LUA_MULTRET) ? 0 : tostore;
+ lua_assert(tostore != 0);
+ if (c <= MAXARG_C)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, b, c);
+ else if (c <= MAXARG_Ax) {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, b, 0);
+ codeextraarg(fs, c);
+ }
+ else
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "constructor too long");
+ fs->freereg = (lu_byte)base + 1; /* free registers with list values */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.h,v 1.58.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lcode_h
+#define lcode_h
+
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Marks the end of a patch list. It is an invalid value both as an absolute
+** address, and as a list link (would link an element to itself).
+*/
+#define NO_JUMP (-1)
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OPR" if you change these enums (ORDER OP)
+*/
+typedef enum BinOpr {
+ OPR_ADD, OPR_SUB, OPR_MUL, OPR_DIV, OPR_MOD, OPR_POW,
+ OPR_CONCAT,
+ OPR_EQ, OPR_LT, OPR_LE,
+ OPR_NE, OPR_GT, OPR_GE,
+ OPR_AND, OPR_OR,
+ OPR_NOBINOPR
+} BinOpr;
+
+
+typedef enum UnOpr { OPR_MINUS, OPR_NOT, OPR_LEN, OPR_NOUNOPR } UnOpr;
+
+
+#define getcode(fs,e) ((fs)->f->code[(e)->u.info])
+
+#define luaK_codeAsBx(fs,o,A,sBx) luaK_codeABx(fs,o,A,(sBx)+MAXARG_sBx)
+
+#define luaK_setmultret(fs,e) luaK_setreturns(fs, e, LUA_MULTRET)
+
+#define luaK_jumpto(fs,t) luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), t)
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, unsigned int Bx);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codek (FuncState *fs, int reg, int k);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchclose (FuncState *fs, int list, int level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *v, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v1,
+ expdesc *v2, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lcorolib.c,v 1.5.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Coroutine Library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+
+#define lcorolib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) {
+ int status;
+ if (!lua_checkstack(co, narg)) {
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "too many arguments to resume");
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+ if (lua_status(co) == LUA_OK && lua_gettop(co) == 0) {
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine");
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+ lua_xmove(L, co, narg);
+ status = lua_resume(co, L, narg);
+ if (status == LUA_OK || status == LUA_YIELD) {
+ int nres = lua_gettop(co);
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L, nres + 1)) {
+ lua_pop(co, nres); /* remove results anyway */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "too many results to resume");
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+ lua_xmove(co, L, nres); /* move yielded values */
+ return nres;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_xmove(co, L, 1); /* move error message */
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ int r;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
+ r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L) - 1);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ return 2; /* return false + error message */
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ lua_insert(L, -(r + 1));
+ return r + 1; /* return true + `resume' returns */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ int r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L));
+ if (r < 0) {
+ if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) { /* error object is a string? */
+ luaL_where(L, 1); /* add extra info */
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ }
+ return lua_error(L); /* propagate error */
+ }
+ return r;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cocreate (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *NL;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ NL = lua_newthread(L);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* move function to top */
+ lua_xmove(L, NL, 1); /* move function from L to NL */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cowrap (lua_State *L) {
+ luaB_cocreate(L);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_auxwrap, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_yield (lua_State *L) {
+ return lua_yield(L, lua_gettop(L));
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
+ if (L == co) lua_pushliteral(L, "running");
+ else {
+ switch (lua_status(co)) {
+ case LUA_YIELD:
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "suspended");
+ break;
+ case LUA_OK: {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar) > 0) /* does it have frames? */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "normal"); /* it is running */
+ else if (lua_gettop(co) == 0)
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "dead");
+ else
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "suspended"); /* initial state */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: /* some error occurred */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "dead");
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) {
+ int ismain = lua_pushthread(L);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, ismain);
+ return 2;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = {
+ {"create", luaB_cocreate},
+ {"resume", luaB_coresume},
+ {"running", luaB_corunning},
+ {"status", luaB_costatus},
+ {"wrap", luaB_cowrap},
+ {"yield", luaB_yield},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_coroutine (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newlib(L, co_funcs);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lctype.c,v 1.11.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** 'ctype' functions for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lctype_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+
+#if !LUA_USE_CTYPE /* { */
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2] = {
+ 0x00, /* EOZ */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0. */
+ 0x00, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 1. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x0c, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, /* 2. */
+ 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+ 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, /* 3. */
+ 0x16, 0x16, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+ 0x04, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x05, /* 4. */
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, /* 5. */
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,
+ 0x04, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x05, /* 6. */
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, /* 7. */
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 8. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 9. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* a. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* b. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* c. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* d. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* e. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* f. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+};
+
+#endif /* } */
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lctype.h,v 1.12.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** 'ctype' functions for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lctype_h
+#define lctype_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** WARNING: the functions defined here do not necessarily correspond
+** to the similar functions in the standard C ctype.h. They are
+** optimized for the specific needs of Lua
+*/
+
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_CTYPE)
+
+#if 'A' == 65 && '0' == 48
+/* ASCII case: can use its own tables; faster and fixed */
+#define LUA_USE_CTYPE 0
+#else
+/* must use standard C ctype */
+#define LUA_USE_CTYPE 1
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+#if !LUA_USE_CTYPE /* { */
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+#define ALPHABIT 0
+#define DIGITBIT 1
+#define PRINTBIT 2
+#define SPACEBIT 3
+#define XDIGITBIT 4
+
+
+#define MASK(B) (1 << (B))
+
+
+/*
+** add 1 to char to allow index -1 (EOZ)
+*/
+#define testprop(c,p) (luai_ctype_[(c)+1] & (p))
+
+/*
+** 'lalpha' (Lua alphabetic) and 'lalnum' (Lua alphanumeric) both include '_'
+*/
+#define lislalpha(c) testprop(c, MASK(ALPHABIT))
+#define lislalnum(c) testprop(c, (MASK(ALPHABIT) | MASK(DIGITBIT)))
+#define lisdigit(c) testprop(c, MASK(DIGITBIT))
+#define lisspace(c) testprop(c, MASK(SPACEBIT))
+#define lisprint(c) testprop(c, MASK(PRINTBIT))
+#define lisxdigit(c) testprop(c, MASK(XDIGITBIT))
+
+/*
+** this 'ltolower' only works for alphabetic characters
+*/
+#define ltolower(c) ((c) | ('A' ^ 'a'))
+
+
+/* two more entries for 0 and -1 (EOZ) */
+LUAI_DDEC const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2];
+
+
+#else /* }{ */
+
+/*
+** use standard C ctypes
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+
+#define lislalpha(c) (isalpha(c) || (c) == '_')
+#define lislalnum(c) (isalnum(c) || (c) == '_')
+#define lisdigit(c) (isdigit(c))
+#define lisspace(c) (isspace(c))
+#define lisprint(c) (isprint(c))
+#define lisxdigit(c) (isxdigit(c))
+
+#define ltolower(c) (tolower(c))
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: ldblib.c,v 1.132.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Interface from Lua to its debug API\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <stdio.h>\r
+#include <stdlib.h>\r
+#include <string.h>\r
+\r
+#define ldblib_c\r
+#define LUA_LIB\r
+\r
+#include "lua.h"\r
+\r
+#include "lauxlib.h"\r
+#include "lualib.h"\r
+\r
+\r
+#define HOOKKEY "_HKEY"\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_getregistry (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);\r
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* no metatable */\r
+ }\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int t = lua_type(L, 2);\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,\r
+ "nil or table expected");\r
+ lua_settop(L, 2);\r
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 1);\r
+ return 1; /* return 1st argument */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_getuservalue (lua_State *L) {\r
+ if (lua_type(L, 1) != LUA_TUSERDATA)\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ else\r
+ lua_getuservalue(L, 1);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_setuservalue (lua_State *L) {\r
+ if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)\r
+ luaL_argerror(L, 1, "full userdata expected, got light userdata");\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TUSERDATA);\r
+ if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 2);\r
+ lua_setuservalue(L, 1);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void settabss (lua_State *L, const char *i, const char *v) {\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, v);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, i);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void settabsi (lua_State *L, const char *i, int v) {\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, v);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, i);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void settabsb (lua_State *L, const char *i, int v) {\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, v);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, i);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static lua_State *getthread (lua_State *L, int *arg) {\r
+ if (lua_isthread(L, 1)) {\r
+ *arg = 1;\r
+ return lua_tothread(L, 1);\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ *arg = 0;\r
+ return L;\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void treatstackoption (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *fname) {\r
+ if (L == L1) {\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);\r
+ lua_remove(L, -3);\r
+ }\r
+ else\r
+ lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_Debug ar;\r
+ int arg;\r
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);\r
+ const char *options = luaL_optstring(L, arg+2, "flnStu");\r
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, arg+1)) {\r
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, (int)lua_tointeger(L, arg+1), &ar)) {\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* level out of range */\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ else if (lua_isfunction(L, arg+1)) {\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, ">%s", options);\r
+ options = lua_tostring(L, -1);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1);\r
+ lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);\r
+ }\r
+ else\r
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "function or level expected");\r
+ if (!lua_getinfo(L1, options, &ar))\r
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+2, "invalid option");\r
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 2);\r
+ if (strchr(options, 'S')) {\r
+ settabss(L, "source", ar.source);\r
+ settabss(L, "short_src", ar.short_src);\r
+ settabsi(L, "linedefined", ar.linedefined);\r
+ settabsi(L, "lastlinedefined", ar.lastlinedefined);\r
+ settabss(L, "what", ar.what);\r
+ }\r
+ if (strchr(options, 'l'))\r
+ settabsi(L, "currentline", ar.currentline);\r
+ if (strchr(options, 'u')) {\r
+ settabsi(L, "nups", ar.nups);\r
+ settabsi(L, "nparams", ar.nparams);\r
+ settabsb(L, "isvararg", ar.isvararg);\r
+ }\r
+ if (strchr(options, 'n')) {\r
+ settabss(L, "name", ar.name);\r
+ settabss(L, "namewhat", ar.namewhat);\r
+ }\r
+ if (strchr(options, 't'))\r
+ settabsb(L, "istailcall", ar.istailcall);\r
+ if (strchr(options, 'L'))\r
+ treatstackoption(L, L1, "activelines");\r
+ if (strchr(options, 'f'))\r
+ treatstackoption(L, L1, "func");\r
+ return 1; /* return table */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_getlocal (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int arg;\r
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);\r
+ lua_Debug ar;\r
+ const char *name;\r
+ int nvar = luaL_checkint(L, arg+2); /* local-variable index */\r
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, arg + 1)) { /* function argument? */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1); /* push function */\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, lua_getlocal(L, NULL, nvar)); /* push local name */\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ else { /* stack-level argument */\r
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar)) /* out of range? */\r
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");\r
+ name = lua_getlocal(L1, &ar, nvar);\r
+ if (name) {\r
+ lua_xmove(L1, L, 1); /* push local value */\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, name); /* push name */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* re-order */\r
+ return 2;\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* no name (nor value) */\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_setlocal (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int arg;\r
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);\r
+ lua_Debug ar;\r
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar)) /* out of range? */\r
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, arg+3);\r
+ lua_settop(L, arg+3);\r
+ lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, lua_setlocal(L1, &ar, luaL_checkint(L, arg+2)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int auxupvalue (lua_State *L, int get) {\r
+ const char *name;\r
+ int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2);\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);\r
+ name = get ? lua_getupvalue(L, 1, n) : lua_setupvalue(L, 1, n);\r
+ if (name == NULL) return 0;\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);\r
+ lua_insert(L, -(get+1));\r
+ return get + 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_getupvalue (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return auxupvalue(L, 1);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_setupvalue (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 3);\r
+ return auxupvalue(L, 0);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int checkupval (lua_State *L, int argf, int argnup) {\r
+ lua_Debug ar;\r
+ int nup = luaL_checkint(L, argnup);\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, argf, LUA_TFUNCTION);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, argf);\r
+ lua_getinfo(L, ">u", &ar);\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= nup && nup <= ar.nups, argnup, "invalid upvalue index");\r
+ return nup;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_upvalueid (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int n = checkupval(L, 1, 2);\r
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, lua_upvalueid(L, 1, n));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int n1 = checkupval(L, 1, 2);\r
+ int n2 = checkupval(L, 3, 4);\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, !lua_iscfunction(L, 1), 1, "Lua function expected");\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, !lua_iscfunction(L, 3), 3, "Lua function expected");\r
+ lua_upvaluejoin(L, 1, n1, 3, n2);\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+#define gethooktable(L) luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY)\r
+\r
+\r
+static void hookf (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {\r
+ static const char *const hooknames[] =\r
+ {"call", "return", "line", "count", "tail call"};\r
+ gethooktable(L);\r
+ lua_pushthread(L);\r
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);\r
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, -1)) {\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, hooknames[(int)ar->event]);\r
+ if (ar->currentline >= 0)\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, ar->currentline);\r
+ else lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ lua_assert(lua_getinfo(L, "lS", ar));\r
+ lua_call(L, 2, 0);\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int makemask (const char *smask, int count) {\r
+ int mask = 0;\r
+ if (strchr(smask, 'c')) mask |= LUA_MASKCALL;\r
+ if (strchr(smask, 'r')) mask |= LUA_MASKRET;\r
+ if (strchr(smask, 'l')) mask |= LUA_MASKLINE;\r
+ if (count > 0) mask |= LUA_MASKCOUNT;\r
+ return mask;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static char *unmakemask (int mask, char *smask) {\r
+ int i = 0;\r
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKCALL) smask[i++] = 'c';\r
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKRET) smask[i++] = 'r';\r
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) smask[i++] = 'l';\r
+ smask[i] = '\0';\r
+ return smask;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_sethook (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int arg, mask, count;\r
+ lua_Hook func;\r
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);\r
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg+1)) {\r
+ lua_settop(L, arg+1);\r
+ func = NULL; mask = 0; count = 0; /* turn off hooks */\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ const char *smask = luaL_checkstring(L, arg+2);\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, arg+1, LUA_TFUNCTION);\r
+ count = luaL_optint(L, arg+3, 0);\r
+ func = hookf; mask = makemask(smask, count);\r
+ }\r
+ if (gethooktable(L) == 0) { /* creating hook table? */\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, "k");\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode"); /** hooktable.__mode = "k" */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);\r
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2); /* setmetatable(hooktable) = hooktable */\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushthread(L1); lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1);\r
+ lua_rawset(L, -3); /* set new hook */\r
+ lua_sethook(L1, func, mask, count); /* set hooks */\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_gethook (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int arg;\r
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);\r
+ char buff[5];\r
+ int mask = lua_gethookmask(L1);\r
+ lua_Hook hook = lua_gethook(L1);\r
+ if (hook != NULL && hook != hookf) /* external hook? */\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "external hook");\r
+ else {\r
+ gethooktable(L);\r
+ lua_pushthread(L1); lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);\r
+ lua_rawget(L, -2); /* get hook */\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove hook table */\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, unmakemask(mask, buff));\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gethookcount(L1));\r
+ return 3;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_debug (lua_State *L) {\r
+ for (;;) {\r
+ char buffer[250];\r
+ luai_writestringerror("%s", "lua_debug> ");\r
+ if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == 0 ||\r
+ strcmp(buffer, "cont\n") == 0)\r
+ return 0;\r
+ if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, buffer, strlen(buffer), "=(debug command)") ||\r
+ lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0))\r
+ luai_writestringerror("%s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));\r
+ lua_settop(L, 0); /* remove eventual returns */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int db_traceback (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int arg;\r
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);\r
+ const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, arg + 1);\r
+ if (msg == NULL && !lua_isnoneornil(L, arg + 1)) /* non-string 'msg'? */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1); /* return it untouched */\r
+ else {\r
+ int level = luaL_optint(L, arg + 2, (L == L1) ? 1 : 0);\r
+ luaL_traceback(L, L1, msg, level);\r
+ }\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const luaL_Reg dblib[] = {\r
+ {"debug", db_debug},\r
+ {"getuservalue", db_getuservalue},\r
+ {"gethook", db_gethook},\r
+ {"getinfo", db_getinfo},\r
+ {"getlocal", db_getlocal},\r
+ {"getregistry", db_getregistry},\r
+ {"getmetatable", db_getmetatable},\r
+ {"getupvalue", db_getupvalue},\r
+ {"upvaluejoin", db_upvaluejoin},\r
+ {"upvalueid", db_upvalueid},\r
+ {"setuservalue", db_setuservalue},\r
+ {"sethook", db_sethook},\r
+ {"setlocal", db_setlocal},\r
+ {"setmetatable", db_setmetatable},\r
+ {"setupvalue", db_setupvalue},\r
+ {"traceback", db_traceback},\r
+ {NULL, NULL}\r
+};\r
+\r
+\r
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_debug (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_newlib(L, dblib);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.c,v 2.90.1.3 2013/05/16 16:04:15 roberto Exp $
+** Debug Interface
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#define ldebug_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+#define noLuaClosure(f) ((f) == NULL || (f)->c.tt == LUA_TCCL)
+
+
+static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name);
+
+
+static int currentpc (CallInfo *ci) {
+ lua_assert(isLua(ci));
+ return pcRel(ci->u.l.savedpc, ci_func(ci)->p);
+}
+
+
+static int currentline (CallInfo *ci) {
+ return getfuncline(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** this function can be called asynchronous (e.g. during a signal)
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count) {
+ if (func == NULL || mask == 0) { /* turn off hooks? */
+ mask = 0;
+ func = NULL;
+ }
+ if (isLua(L->ci))
+ L->oldpc = L->ci->u.l.savedpc;
+ L->hook = func;
+ L->basehookcount = count;
+ resethookcount(L);
+ L->hookmask = cast_byte(mask);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->hook;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->hookmask;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->basehookcount;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ int status;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ if (level < 0) return 0; /* invalid (negative) level */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ for (ci = L->ci; level > 0 && ci != &L->base_ci; ci = ci->previous)
+ level--;
+ if (level == 0 && ci != &L->base_ci) { /* level found? */
+ status = 1;
+ ar->i_ci = ci;
+ }
+ else status = 0; /* no such level */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static const char *upvalname (Proto *p, int uv) {
+ TString *s = check_exp(uv < p->sizeupvalues, p->upvalues[uv].name);
+ if (s == NULL) return "?";
+ else return getstr(s);
+}
+
+
+static const char *findvararg (CallInfo *ci, int n, StkId *pos) {
+ int nparams = clLvalue(ci->func)->p->numparams;
+ if (n >= ci->u.l.base - ci->func - nparams)
+ return NULL; /* no such vararg */
+ else {
+ *pos = ci->func + nparams + n;
+ return "(*vararg)"; /* generic name for any vararg */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n,
+ StkId *pos) {
+ const char *name = NULL;
+ StkId base;
+ if (isLua(ci)) {
+ if (n < 0) /* access to vararg values? */
+ return findvararg(ci, -n, pos);
+ else {
+ base = ci->u.l.base;
+ name = luaF_getlocalname(ci_func(ci)->p, n, currentpc(ci));
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ base = ci->func + 1;
+ if (name == NULL) { /* no 'standard' name? */
+ StkId limit = (ci == L->ci) ? L->top : ci->next->func;
+ if (limit - base >= n && n > 0) /* is 'n' inside 'ci' stack? */
+ name = "(*temporary)"; /* generic name for any valid slot */
+ else
+ return NULL; /* no name */
+ }
+ *pos = base + (n - 1);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
+ const char *name;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (ar == NULL) { /* information about non-active function? */
+ if (!isLfunction(L->top - 1)) /* not a Lua function? */
+ name = NULL;
+ else /* consider live variables at function start (parameters) */
+ name = luaF_getlocalname(clLvalue(L->top - 1)->p, n, 0);
+ }
+ else { /* active function; get information through 'ar' */
+ StkId pos = 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+ name = findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos);
+ if (name) {
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, pos);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
+ StkId pos = 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+ const char *name = findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (name)
+ setobjs2s(L, pos, L->top - 1);
+ L->top--; /* pop value */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+static void funcinfo (lua_Debug *ar, Closure *cl) {
+ if (noLuaClosure(cl)) {
+ ar->source = "=[C]";
+ ar->linedefined = -1;
+ ar->lastlinedefined = -1;
+ ar->what = "C";
+ }
+ else {
+ Proto *p = cl->l.p;
+ ar->source = p->source ? getstr(p->source) : "=?";
+ ar->linedefined = p->linedefined;
+ ar->lastlinedefined = p->lastlinedefined;
+ ar->what = (ar->linedefined == 0) ? "main" : "Lua";
+ }
+ luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, LUA_IDSIZE);
+}
+
+
+static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) {
+ if (noLuaClosure(f)) {
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ else {
+ int i;
+ TValue v;
+ int *lineinfo = f->l.p->lineinfo;
+ Table *t = luaH_new(L); /* new table to store active lines */
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, t); /* push it on stack */
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ setbvalue(&v, 1); /* boolean 'true' to be the value of all indices */
+ for (i = 0; i < f->l.p->sizelineinfo; i++) /* for all lines with code */
+ luaH_setint(L, t, lineinfo[i], &v); /* table[line] = true */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int auxgetinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar,
+ Closure *f, CallInfo *ci) {
+ int status = 1;
+ for (; *what; what++) {
+ switch (*what) {
+ case 'S': {
+ funcinfo(ar, f);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'l': {
+ ar->currentline = (ci && isLua(ci)) ? currentline(ci) : -1;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'u': {
+ ar->nups = (f == NULL) ? 0 : f->c.nupvalues;
+ if (noLuaClosure(f)) {
+ ar->isvararg = 1;
+ ar->nparams = 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ ar->isvararg = f->l.p->is_vararg;
+ ar->nparams = f->l.p->numparams;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case 't': {
+ ar->istailcall = (ci) ? ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL : 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'n': {
+ /* calling function is a known Lua function? */
+ if (ci && !(ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL) && isLua(ci->previous))
+ ar->namewhat = getfuncname(L, ci->previous, &ar->name);
+ else
+ ar->namewhat = NULL;
+ if (ar->namewhat == NULL) {
+ ar->namewhat = ""; /* not found */
+ ar->name = NULL;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'L':
+ case 'f': /* handled by lua_getinfo */
+ break;
+ default: status = 0; /* invalid option */
+ }
+ }
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ int status;
+ Closure *cl;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ StkId func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (*what == '>') {
+ ci = NULL;
+ func = L->top - 1;
+ api_check(L, ttisfunction(func), "function expected");
+ what++; /* skip the '>' */
+ L->top--; /* pop function */
+ }
+ else {
+ ci = ar->i_ci;
+ func = ci->func;
+ lua_assert(ttisfunction(ci->func));
+ }
+ cl = ttisclosure(func) ? clvalue(func) : NULL;
+ status = auxgetinfo(L, what, ar, cl, ci);
+ if (strchr(what, 'f')) {
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top, func);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ if (strchr(what, 'L'))
+ collectvalidlines(L, cl);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Symbolic Execution
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static const char *getobjname (Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
+ const char **name);
+
+
+/*
+** find a "name" for the RK value 'c'
+*/
+static void kname (Proto *p, int pc, int c, const char **name) {
+ if (ISK(c)) { /* is 'c' a constant? */
+ TValue *kvalue = &p->k[INDEXK(c)];
+ if (ttisstring(kvalue)) { /* literal constant? */
+ *name = svalue(kvalue); /* it is its own name */
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else no reasonable name found */
+ }
+ else { /* 'c' is a register */
+ const char *what = getobjname(p, pc, c, name); /* search for 'c' */
+ if (what && *what == 'c') { /* found a constant name? */
+ return; /* 'name' already filled */
+ }
+ /* else no reasonable name found */
+ }
+ *name = "?"; /* no reasonable name found */
+}
+
+
+static int filterpc (int pc, int jmptarget) {
+ if (pc < jmptarget) /* is code conditional (inside a jump)? */
+ return -1; /* cannot know who sets that register */
+ else return pc; /* current position sets that register */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** try to find last instruction before 'lastpc' that modified register 'reg'
+*/
+static int findsetreg (Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg) {
+ int pc;
+ int setreg = -1; /* keep last instruction that changed 'reg' */
+ int jmptarget = 0; /* any code before this address is conditional */
+ for (pc = 0; pc < lastpc; pc++) {
+ Instruction i = p->code[pc];
+ OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+ int a = GETARG_A(i);
+ switch (op) {
+ case OP_LOADNIL: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ if (a <= reg && reg <= a + b) /* set registers from 'a' to 'a+b' */
+ setreg = filterpc(pc, jmptarget);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_TFORCALL: {
+ if (reg >= a + 2) /* affect all regs above its base */
+ setreg = filterpc(pc, jmptarget);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CALL:
+ case OP_TAILCALL: {
+ if (reg >= a) /* affect all registers above base */
+ setreg = filterpc(pc, jmptarget);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_JMP: {
+ int b = GETARG_sBx(i);
+ int dest = pc + 1 + b;
+ /* jump is forward and do not skip `lastpc'? */
+ if (pc < dest && dest <= lastpc) {
+ if (dest > jmptarget)
+ jmptarget = dest; /* update 'jmptarget' */
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_TEST: {
+ if (reg == a) /* jumped code can change 'a' */
+ setreg = filterpc(pc, jmptarget);
+ break;
+ }
+ default:
+ if (testAMode(op) && reg == a) /* any instruction that set A */
+ setreg = filterpc(pc, jmptarget);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return setreg;
+}
+
+
+static const char *getobjname (Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
+ const char **name) {
+ int pc;
+ *name = luaF_getlocalname(p, reg + 1, lastpc);
+ if (*name) /* is a local? */
+ return "local";
+ /* else try symbolic execution */
+ pc = findsetreg(p, lastpc, reg);
+ if (pc != -1) { /* could find instruction? */
+ Instruction i = p->code[pc];
+ OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+ switch (op) {
+ case OP_MOVE: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i); /* move from 'b' to 'a' */
+ if (b < GETARG_A(i))
+ return getobjname(p, pc, b, name); /* get name for 'b' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_GETTABUP:
+ case OP_GETTABLE: {
+ int k = GETARG_C(i); /* key index */
+ int t = GETARG_B(i); /* table index */
+ const char *vn = (op == OP_GETTABLE) /* name of indexed variable */
+ ? luaF_getlocalname(p, t + 1, pc)
+ : upvalname(p, t);
+ kname(p, pc, k, name);
+ return (vn && strcmp(vn, LUA_ENV) == 0) ? "global" : "field";
+ }
+ case OP_GETUPVAL: {
+ *name = upvalname(p, GETARG_B(i));
+ return "upvalue";
+ }
+ case OP_LOADK:
+ case OP_LOADKX: {
+ int b = (op == OP_LOADK) ? GETARG_Bx(i)
+ : GETARG_Ax(p->code[pc + 1]);
+ if (ttisstring(&p->k[b])) {
+ *name = svalue(&p->k[b]);
+ return "constant";
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_SELF: {
+ int k = GETARG_C(i); /* key index */
+ kname(p, pc, k, name);
+ return "method";
+ }
+ default: break; /* go through to return NULL */
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* could not find reasonable name */
+}
+
+
+static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name) {
+ TMS tm;
+ Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p; /* calling function */
+ int pc = currentpc(ci); /* calling instruction index */
+ Instruction i = p->code[pc]; /* calling instruction */
+ switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+ case OP_CALL:
+ case OP_TAILCALL: /* get function name */
+ return getobjname(p, pc, GETARG_A(i), name);
+ case OP_TFORCALL: { /* for iterator */
+ *name = "for iterator";
+ return "for iterator";
+ }
+ /* all other instructions can call only through metamethods */
+ case OP_SELF:
+ case OP_GETTABUP:
+ case OP_GETTABLE: tm = TM_INDEX; break;
+ case OP_SETTABUP:
+ case OP_SETTABLE: tm = TM_NEWINDEX; break;
+ case OP_EQ: tm = TM_EQ; break;
+ case OP_ADD: tm = TM_ADD; break;
+ case OP_SUB: tm = TM_SUB; break;
+ case OP_MUL: tm = TM_MUL; break;
+ case OP_DIV: tm = TM_DIV; break;
+ case OP_MOD: tm = TM_MOD; break;
+ case OP_POW: tm = TM_POW; break;
+ case OP_UNM: tm = TM_UNM; break;
+ case OP_LEN: tm = TM_LEN; break;
+ case OP_LT: tm = TM_LT; break;
+ case OP_LE: tm = TM_LE; break;
+ case OP_CONCAT: tm = TM_CONCAT; break;
+ default:
+ return NULL; /* else no useful name can be found */
+ }
+ *name = getstr(G(L)->tmname[tm]);
+ return "metamethod";
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** only ANSI way to check whether a pointer points to an array
+** (used only for error messages, so efficiency is not a big concern)
+*/
+static int isinstack (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o) {
+ StkId p;
+ for (p = ci->u.l.base; p < ci->top; p++)
+ if (o == p) return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static const char *getupvalname (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o,
+ const char **name) {
+ LClosure *c = ci_func(ci);
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < c->nupvalues; i++) {
+ if (c->upvals[i]->v == o) {
+ *name = upvalname(c->p, i);
+ return "upvalue";
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ const char *name = NULL;
+ const char *t = objtypename(o);
+ const char *kind = NULL;
+ if (isLua(ci)) {
+ kind = getupvalname(ci, o, &name); /* check whether 'o' is an upvalue */
+ if (!kind && isinstack(ci, o)) /* no? try a register */
+ kind = getobjname(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci),
+ cast_int(o - ci->u.l.base), &name);
+ }
+ if (kind)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s %s " LUA_QS " (a %s value)",
+ op, kind, name, t);
+ else
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s a %s value", op, t);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2) {
+ if (ttisstring(p1) || ttisnumber(p1)) p1 = p2;
+ lua_assert(!ttisstring(p1) && !ttisnumber(p1));
+ luaG_typeerror(L, p1, "concatenate");
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+ TValue temp;
+ if (luaV_tonumber(p1, &temp) == NULL)
+ p2 = p1; /* first operand is wrong */
+ luaG_typeerror(L, p2, "perform arithmetic on");
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+ const char *t1 = objtypename(p1);
+ const char *t2 = objtypename(p2);
+ if (t1 == t2)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare two %s values", t1);
+ else
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare %s with %s", t1, t2);
+}
+
+
+static void addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (isLua(ci)) { /* is Lua code? */
+ char buff[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* add file:line information */
+ int line = currentline(ci);
+ TString *src = ci_func(ci)->p->source;
+ if (src)
+ luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(src), LUA_IDSIZE);
+ else { /* no source available; use "?" instead */
+ buff[0] = '?'; buff[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ luaO_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, line, msg);
+ }
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L) {
+ if (L->errfunc != 0) { /* is there an error handling function? */
+ StkId errfunc = restorestack(L, L->errfunc);
+ if (!ttisfunction(errfunc)) luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top, L->top - 1); /* move argument */
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top - 1, errfunc); /* push function */
+ L->top++;
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 1, 0); /* call it */
+ }
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRRUN);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ addinfo(L, luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp));
+ va_end(argp);
+ luaG_errormsg(L);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.h,v 2.7.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions from Debug Interface module
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldebug_h
+#define ldebug_h
+
+
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#define pcRel(pc, p) (cast(int, (pc) - (p)->code) - 1)
+
+#define getfuncline(f,pc) (((f)->lineinfo) ? (f)->lineinfo[pc] : 0)
+
+#define resethookcount(L) (L->hookcount = L->basehookcount)
+
+/* Active Lua function (given call info) */
+#define ci_func(ci) (clLvalue((ci)->func))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+ const char *opname);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.c,v 2.108.1.3 2013/11/08 18:22:50 roberto Exp $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ldo_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Error-recovery functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUAI_THROW/LUAI_TRY define how Lua does exception handling. By
+** default, Lua handles errors with exceptions when compiling as
+** C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when asked to use them, and with
+** longjmp/setjmp otherwise.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_THROW)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(LUA_USE_LONGJMP)
+/* C++ exceptions */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) throw(c)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) \
+ try { a } catch(...) { if ((c)->status == 0) (c)->status = -1; }
+#define luai_jmpbuf int /* dummy variable */
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_ULONGJMP)
+/* in Unix, try _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) _longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define luai_jmpbuf jmp_buf
+
+#else
+/* default handling with long jumps */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define luai_jmpbuf jmp_buf
+
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* chain list of long jump buffers */
+struct lua_longjmp {
+ struct lua_longjmp *previous;
+ luai_jmpbuf b;
+ volatile int status; /* error code */
+};
+
+
+static void seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop) {
+ switch (errcode) {
+ case LUA_ERRMEM: { /* memory error? */
+ setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, G(L)->memerrmsg); /* reuse preregistered msg. */
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_ERRERR: {
+ setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling"));
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top - 1); /* error message on current top */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ L->top = oldtop + 1;
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) {
+ if (L->errorJmp) { /* thread has an error handler? */
+ L->errorJmp->status = errcode; /* set status */
+ LUAI_THROW(L, L->errorJmp); /* jump to it */
+ }
+ else { /* thread has no error handler */
+ L->status = cast_byte(errcode); /* mark it as dead */
+ if (G(L)->mainthread->errorJmp) { /* main thread has a handler? */
+ setobjs2s(L, G(L)->mainthread->top++, L->top - 1); /* copy error obj. */
+ luaD_throw(G(L)->mainthread, errcode); /* re-throw in main thread */
+ }
+ else { /* no handler at all; abort */
+ if (G(L)->panic) { /* panic function? */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ G(L)->panic(L); /* call it (last chance to jump out) */
+ }
+ abort();
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
+ unsigned short oldnCcalls = L->nCcalls;
+ struct lua_longjmp lj;
+ lj.status = LUA_OK;
+ lj.previous = L->errorJmp; /* chain new error handler */
+ L->errorJmp = &lj;
+ LUAI_TRY(L, &lj,
+ (*f)(L, ud);
+ );
+ L->errorJmp = lj.previous; /* restore old error handler */
+ L->nCcalls = oldnCcalls;
+ return lj.status;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static void correctstack (lua_State *L, TValue *oldstack) {
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ GCObject *up;
+ L->top = (L->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->gch.next)
+ gco2uv(up)->v = (gco2uv(up)->v - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
+ ci->top = (ci->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ ci->func = (ci->func - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ if (isLua(ci))
+ ci->u.l.base = (ci->u.l.base - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* some space for error handling */
+#define ERRORSTACKSIZE (LUAI_MAXSTACK + 200)
+
+
+void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize) {
+ TValue *oldstack = L->stack;
+ int lim = L->stacksize;
+ lua_assert(newsize <= LUAI_MAXSTACK || newsize == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
+ lua_assert(L->stack_last - L->stack == L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK);
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, L->stack, L->stacksize, newsize, TValue);
+ for (; lim < newsize; lim++)
+ setnilvalue(L->stack + lim); /* erase new segment */
+ L->stacksize = newsize;
+ L->stack_last = L->stack + newsize - EXTRA_STACK;
+ correctstack(L, oldstack);
+}
+
+
+void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ int size = L->stacksize;
+ if (size > LUAI_MAXSTACK) /* error after extra size? */
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
+ else {
+ int needed = cast_int(L->top - L->stack) + n + EXTRA_STACK;
+ int newsize = 2 * size;
+ if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK) newsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;
+ if (newsize < needed) newsize = needed;
+ if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK) { /* stack overflow? */
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, ERRORSTACKSIZE);
+ luaG_runerror(L, "stack overflow");
+ }
+ else
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, newsize);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int stackinuse (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ StkId lim = L->top;
+ for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ if (lim < ci->top) lim = ci->top;
+ }
+ return cast_int(lim - L->stack) + 1; /* part of stack in use */
+}
+
+
+void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L) {
+ int inuse = stackinuse(L);
+ int goodsize = inuse + (inuse / 8) + 2*EXTRA_STACK;
+ if (goodsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK) goodsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;
+ if (inuse > LUAI_MAXSTACK || /* handling stack overflow? */
+ goodsize >= L->stacksize) /* would grow instead of shrink? */
+ condmovestack(L); /* don't change stack (change only for debugging) */
+ else
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, goodsize); /* shrink it */
+}
+
+
+void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line) {
+ lua_Hook hook = L->hook;
+ if (hook && L->allowhook) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ ptrdiff_t top = savestack(L, L->top);
+ ptrdiff_t ci_top = savestack(L, ci->top);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ ar.event = event;
+ ar.currentline = line;
+ ar.i_ci = ci;
+ luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK); /* ensure minimum stack size */
+ ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ L->allowhook = 0; /* cannot call hooks inside a hook */
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_HOOKED;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ (*hook)(L, &ar);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ lua_assert(!L->allowhook);
+ L->allowhook = 1;
+ ci->top = restorestack(L, ci_top);
+ L->top = restorestack(L, top);
+ ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKED;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void callhook (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
+ int hook = LUA_HOOKCALL;
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++; /* hooks assume 'pc' is already incremented */
+ if (isLua(ci->previous) &&
+ GET_OPCODE(*(ci->previous->u.l.savedpc - 1)) == OP_TAILCALL) {
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL;
+ hook = LUA_HOOKTAILCALL;
+ }
+ luaD_hook(L, hook, -1);
+ ci->u.l.savedpc--; /* correct 'pc' */
+}
+
+
+static StkId adjust_varargs (lua_State *L, Proto *p, int actual) {
+ int i;
+ int nfixargs = p->numparams;
+ StkId base, fixed;
+ lua_assert(actual >= nfixargs);
+ /* move fixed parameters to final position */
+ luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize); /* check again for new 'base' */
+ fixed = L->top - actual; /* first fixed argument */
+ base = L->top; /* final position of first argument */
+ for (i=0; i<nfixargs; i++) {
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top++, fixed + i);
+ setnilvalue(fixed + i);
+ }
+ return base;
+}
+
+
+static StkId tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {
+ const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, func, TM_CALL);
+ StkId p;
+ ptrdiff_t funcr = savestack(L, func);
+ if (!ttisfunction(tm))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, func, "call");
+ /* Open a hole inside the stack at `func' */
+ for (p = L->top; p > func; p--) setobjs2s(L, p, p-1);
+ incr_top(L);
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr); /* previous call may change stack */
+ setobj2s(L, func, tm); /* tag method is the new function to be called */
+ return func;
+}
+
+
+
+#define next_ci(L) (L->ci = (L->ci->next ? L->ci->next : luaE_extendCI(L)))
+
+
+/*
+** returns true if function has been executed (C function)
+*/
+int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
+ lua_CFunction f;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ int n; /* number of arguments (Lua) or returns (C) */
+ ptrdiff_t funcr = savestack(L, func);
+ switch (ttype(func)) {
+ case LUA_TLCF: /* light C function */
+ f = fvalue(func);
+ goto Cfunc;
+ case LUA_TCCL: { /* C closure */
+ f = clCvalue(func)->f;
+ Cfunc:
+ luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK); /* ensure minimum stack size */
+ ci = next_ci(L); /* now 'enter' new function */
+ ci->nresults = (short)nresults;
+ ci->func = restorestack(L, funcr);
+ ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ ci->callstatus = 0;
+ luaC_checkGC(L); /* stack grow uses memory */
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)
+ luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ n = (*f)(L); /* do the actual call */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ luaD_poscall(L, L->top - n);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ case LUA_TLCL: { /* Lua function: prepare its call */
+ StkId base;
+ Proto *p = clLvalue(func)->p;
+ n = cast_int(L->top - func) - 1; /* number of real arguments */
+ luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize);
+ for (; n < p->numparams; n++)
+ setnilvalue(L->top++); /* complete missing arguments */
+ if (!p->is_vararg) {
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr);
+ base = func + 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ base = adjust_varargs(L, p, n);
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr); /* previous call can change stack */
+ }
+ ci = next_ci(L); /* now 'enter' new function */
+ ci->nresults = (short)nresults;
+ ci->func = func;
+ ci->u.l.base = base;
+ ci->top = base + p->maxstacksize;
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code; /* starting point */
+ ci->callstatus = CIST_LUA;
+ L->top = ci->top;
+ luaC_checkGC(L); /* stack grow uses memory */
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)
+ callhook(L, ci);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ default: { /* not a function */
+ func = tryfuncTM(L, func); /* retry with 'function' tag method */
+ return luaD_precall(L, func, nresults); /* now it must be a function */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult) {
+ StkId res;
+ int wanted, i;
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (L->hookmask & (LUA_MASKRET | LUA_MASKLINE)) {
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKRET) {
+ ptrdiff_t fr = savestack(L, firstResult); /* hook may change stack */
+ luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKRET, -1);
+ firstResult = restorestack(L, fr);
+ }
+ L->oldpc = ci->previous->u.l.savedpc; /* 'oldpc' for caller function */
+ }
+ res = ci->func; /* res == final position of 1st result */
+ wanted = ci->nresults;
+ L->ci = ci = ci->previous; /* back to caller */
+ /* move results to correct place */
+ for (i = wanted; i != 0 && firstResult < L->top; i--)
+ setobjs2s(L, res++, firstResult++);
+ while (i-- > 0)
+ setnilvalue(res++);
+ L->top = res;
+ return (wanted - LUA_MULTRET); /* 0 iff wanted == LUA_MULTRET */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call a function (C or Lua). The function to be called is at *func.
+** The arguments are on the stack, right after the function.
+** When returns, all the results are on the stack, starting at the original
+** function position.
+*/
+void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults, int allowyield) {
+ if (++L->nCcalls >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS) {
+ if (L->nCcalls == LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "C stack overflow");
+ else if (L->nCcalls >= (LUAI_MAXCCALLS + (LUAI_MAXCCALLS>>3)))
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR); /* error while handing stack error */
+ }
+ if (!allowyield) L->nny++;
+ if (!luaD_precall(L, func, nResults)) /* is a Lua function? */
+ luaV_execute(L); /* call it */
+ if (!allowyield) L->nny--;
+ L->nCcalls--;
+}
+
+
+static void finishCcall (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ int n;
+ lua_assert(ci->u.c.k != NULL); /* must have a continuation */
+ lua_assert(L->nny == 0);
+ if (ci->callstatus & CIST_YPCALL) { /* was inside a pcall? */
+ ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_YPCALL; /* finish 'lua_pcall' */
+ L->errfunc = ci->u.c.old_errfunc;
+ }
+ /* finish 'lua_callk'/'lua_pcall' */
+ adjustresults(L, ci->nresults);
+ /* call continuation function */
+ if (!(ci->callstatus & CIST_STAT)) /* no call status? */
+ ci->u.c.status = LUA_YIELD; /* 'default' status */
+ lua_assert(ci->u.c.status != LUA_OK);
+ ci->callstatus = (ci->callstatus & ~(CIST_YPCALL | CIST_STAT)) | CIST_YIELDED;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ n = (*ci->u.c.k)(L);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ /* finish 'luaD_precall' */
+ luaD_poscall(L, L->top - n);
+}
+
+
+static void unroll (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ UNUSED(ud);
+ for (;;) {
+ if (L->ci == &L->base_ci) /* stack is empty? */
+ return; /* coroutine finished normally */
+ if (!isLua(L->ci)) /* C function? */
+ finishCcall(L);
+ else { /* Lua function */
+ luaV_finishOp(L); /* finish interrupted instruction */
+ luaV_execute(L); /* execute down to higher C 'boundary' */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether thread has a suspended protected call
+*/
+static CallInfo *findpcall (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) { /* search for a pcall */
+ if (ci->callstatus & CIST_YPCALL)
+ return ci;
+ }
+ return NULL; /* no pending pcall */
+}
+
+
+static int recover (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ StkId oldtop;
+ CallInfo *ci = findpcall(L);
+ if (ci == NULL) return 0; /* no recovery point */
+ /* "finish" luaD_pcall */
+ oldtop = restorestack(L, ci->extra);
+ luaF_close(L, oldtop);
+ seterrorobj(L, status, oldtop);
+ L->ci = ci;
+ L->allowhook = ci->u.c.old_allowhook;
+ L->nny = 0; /* should be zero to be yieldable */
+ luaD_shrinkstack(L);
+ L->errfunc = ci->u.c.old_errfunc;
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_STAT; /* call has error status */
+ ci->u.c.status = (lu_byte)status; /* (here it is) */
+ return 1; /* continue running the coroutine */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** signal an error in the call to 'resume', not in the execution of the
+** coroutine itself. (Such errors should not be handled by any coroutine
+** error handler and should not kill the coroutine.)
+*/
+static l_noret resume_error (lua_State *L, const char *msg, StkId firstArg) {
+ L->top = firstArg; /* remove args from the stack */
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, msg)); /* push error message */
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ luaD_throw(L, -1); /* jump back to 'lua_resume' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** do the work for 'lua_resume' in protected mode
+*/
+static void resume (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ int nCcalls = L->nCcalls;
+ StkId firstArg = cast(StkId, ud);
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (nCcalls >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+ resume_error(L, "C stack overflow", firstArg);
+ if (L->status == LUA_OK) { /* may be starting a coroutine */
+ if (ci != &L->base_ci) /* not in base level? */
+ resume_error(L, "cannot resume non-suspended coroutine", firstArg);
+ /* coroutine is in base level; start running it */
+ if (!luaD_precall(L, firstArg - 1, LUA_MULTRET)) /* Lua function? */
+ luaV_execute(L); /* call it */
+ }
+ else if (L->status != LUA_YIELD)
+ resume_error(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine", firstArg);
+ else { /* resuming from previous yield */
+ L->status = LUA_OK;
+ ci->func = restorestack(L, ci->extra);
+ if (isLua(ci)) /* yielded inside a hook? */
+ luaV_execute(L); /* just continue running Lua code */
+ else { /* 'common' yield */
+ if (ci->u.c.k != NULL) { /* does it have a continuation? */
+ int n;
+ ci->u.c.status = LUA_YIELD; /* 'default' status */
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_YIELDED;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ n = (*ci->u.c.k)(L); /* call continuation */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ firstArg = L->top - n; /* yield results come from continuation */
+ }
+ luaD_poscall(L, firstArg); /* finish 'luaD_precall' */
+ }
+ unroll(L, NULL);
+ }
+ lua_assert(nCcalls == L->nCcalls);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int nargs) {
+ int status;
+ int oldnny = L->nny; /* save 'nny' */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luai_userstateresume(L, nargs);
+ L->nCcalls = (from) ? from->nCcalls + 1 : 1;
+ L->nny = 0; /* allow yields */
+ api_checknelems(L, (L->status == LUA_OK) ? nargs + 1 : nargs);
+ status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, resume, L->top - nargs);
+ if (status == -1) /* error calling 'lua_resume'? */
+ status = LUA_ERRRUN;
+ else { /* yield or regular error */
+ while (status != LUA_OK && status != LUA_YIELD) { /* error? */
+ if (recover(L, status)) /* recover point? */
+ status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, unroll, NULL); /* run continuation */
+ else { /* unrecoverable error */
+ L->status = cast_byte(status); /* mark thread as `dead' */
+ seterrorobj(L, status, L->top);
+ L->ci->top = L->top;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_assert(status == L->status);
+ }
+ L->nny = (unsigned short)oldnny; /* restore 'nny' */
+ L->nCcalls--;
+ lua_assert(L->nCcalls == ((from) ? from->nCcalls : 0));
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_yieldk (lua_State *L, int nresults, int ctx, lua_CFunction k) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ luai_userstateyield(L, nresults);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, nresults);
+ if (L->nny > 0) {
+ if (L != G(L)->mainthread)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield across a C-call boundary");
+ else
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield from outside a coroutine");
+ }
+ L->status = LUA_YIELD;
+ ci->extra = savestack(L, ci->func); /* save current 'func' */
+ if (isLua(ci)) { /* inside a hook? */
+ api_check(L, k == NULL, "hooks cannot continue after yielding");
+ }
+ else {
+ if ((ci->u.c.k = k) != NULL) /* is there a continuation? */
+ ci->u.c.ctx = ctx; /* save context */
+ ci->func = L->top - nresults - 1; /* protect stack below results */
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_YIELD);
+ }
+ lua_assert(ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKED); /* must be inside a hook */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return 0; /* return to 'luaD_hook' */
+}
+
+
+int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+ ptrdiff_t old_top, ptrdiff_t ef) {
+ int status;
+ CallInfo *old_ci = L->ci;
+ lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook;
+ unsigned short old_nny = L->nny;
+ ptrdiff_t old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
+ L->errfunc = ef;
+ status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, func, u);
+ if (status != LUA_OK) { /* an error occurred? */
+ StkId oldtop = restorestack(L, old_top);
+ luaF_close(L, oldtop); /* close possible pending closures */
+ seterrorobj(L, status, oldtop);
+ L->ci = old_ci;
+ L->allowhook = old_allowhooks;
+ L->nny = old_nny;
+ luaD_shrinkstack(L);
+ }
+ L->errfunc = old_errfunc;
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected parser.
+*/
+struct SParser { /* data to `f_parser' */
+ ZIO *z;
+ Mbuffer buff; /* dynamic structure used by the scanner */
+ Dyndata dyd; /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+ const char *mode;
+ const char *name;
+};
+
+
+static void checkmode (lua_State *L, const char *mode, const char *x) {
+ if (mode && strchr(mode, x[0]) == NULL) {
+ luaO_pushfstring(L,
+ "attempt to load a %s chunk (mode is " LUA_QS ")", x, mode);
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void f_parser (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ int i;
+ Closure *cl;
+ struct SParser *p = cast(struct SParser *, ud);
+ int c = zgetc(p->z); /* read first character */
+ if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) {
+ checkmode(L, p->mode, "binary");
+ cl = luaU_undump(L, p->z, &p->buff, p->name);
+ }
+ else {
+ checkmode(L, p->mode, "text");
+ cl = luaY_parser(L, p->z, &p->buff, &p->dyd, p->name, c);
+ }
+ lua_assert(cl->l.nupvalues == cl->l.p->sizeupvalues);
+ for (i = 0; i < cl->l.nupvalues; i++) { /* initialize upvalues */
+ UpVal *up = luaF_newupval(L);
+ cl->l.upvals[i] = up;
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, cl, up);
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+ const char *mode) {
+ struct SParser p;
+ int status;
+ L->nny++; /* cannot yield during parsing */
+ p.z = z; p.name = name; p.mode = mode;
+ p.dyd.actvar.arr = NULL; p.dyd.actvar.size = 0;
+ p.dyd.gt.arr = NULL; p.dyd.gt.size = 0;
+ p.dyd.label.arr = NULL; p.dyd.label.size = 0;
+ luaZ_initbuffer(L, &p.buff);
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, f_parser, &p, savestack(L, L->top), L->errfunc);
+ luaZ_freebuffer(L, &p.buff);
+ luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.actvar.arr, p.dyd.actvar.size);
+ luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.gt.arr, p.dyd.gt.size);
+ luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.label.arr, p.dyd.label.size);
+ L->nny--;
+ return status;
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.h,v 2.20.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldo_h
+#define ldo_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+#define luaD_checkstack(L,n) if (L->stack_last - L->top <= (n)) \
+ luaD_growstack(L, n); else condmovestack(L);
+
+
+#define incr_top(L) {L->top++; luaD_checkstack(L,0);}
+
+#define savestack(L,p) ((char *)(p) - (char *)L->stack)
+#define restorestack(L,n) ((TValue *)((char *)L->stack + (n)))
+
+
+/* type of protected functions, to be ran by `runprotected' */
+typedef void (*Pfunc) (lua_State *L, void *ud);
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+ const char *mode);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults,
+ int allowyield);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+ ptrdiff_t oldtop, ptrdiff_t ef);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L);
+
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud);
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldump.c,v 2.17.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** save precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define ldump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+ lua_State* L;
+ lua_Writer writer;
+ void* data;
+ int strip;
+ int status;
+} DumpState;
+
+#define DumpMem(b,n,size,D) DumpBlock(b,(n)*(size),D)
+#define DumpVar(x,D) DumpMem(&x,1,sizeof(x),D)
+
+static void DumpBlock(const void* b, size_t size, DumpState* D)
+{
+ if (D->status==0)
+ {
+ lua_unlock(D->L);
+ D->status=(*D->writer)(D->L,b,size,D->data);
+ lua_lock(D->L);
+ }
+}
+
+static void DumpChar(int y, DumpState* D)
+{
+ char x=(char)y;
+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpInt(int x, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpNumber(lua_Number x, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpVector(const void* b, int n, size_t size, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ DumpMem(b,n,size,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpString(const TString* s, DumpState* D)
+{
+ if (s==NULL)
+ {
+ size_t size=0;
+ DumpVar(size,D);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ size_t size=s->tsv.len+1; /* include trailing '\0' */
+ DumpVar(size,D);
+ DumpBlock(getstr(s),size*sizeof(char),D);
+ }
+}
+
+#define DumpCode(f,D) DumpVector(f->code,f->sizecode,sizeof(Instruction),D)
+
+static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, DumpState* D);
+
+static void DumpConstants(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizek;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ DumpChar(ttypenv(o),D);
+ switch (ttypenv(o))
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ DumpChar(bvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ DumpNumber(nvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ DumpString(rawtsvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+ }
+ n=f->sizep;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpFunction(f->p[i],D);
+}
+
+static void DumpUpvalues(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizeupvalues;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ DumpChar(f->upvalues[i].instack,D);
+ DumpChar(f->upvalues[i].idx,D);
+ }
+}
+
+static void DumpDebug(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ DumpString((D->strip) ? NULL : f->source,D);
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelineinfo;
+ DumpVector(f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int),D);
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelocvars;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ DumpString(f->locvars[i].varname,D);
+ DumpInt(f->locvars[i].startpc,D);
+ DumpInt(f->locvars[i].endpc,D);
+ }
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeupvalues;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpString(f->upvalues[i].name,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpInt(f->linedefined,D);
+ DumpInt(f->lastlinedefined,D);
+ DumpChar(f->numparams,D);
+ DumpChar(f->is_vararg,D);
+ DumpChar(f->maxstacksize,D);
+ DumpCode(f,D);
+ DumpConstants(f,D);
+ DumpUpvalues(f,D);
+ DumpDebug(f,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpHeader(DumpState* D)
+{
+ lu_byte h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ luaU_header(h);
+ DumpBlock(h,LUAC_HEADERSIZE,D);
+}
+
+/*
+** dump Lua function as precompiled chunk
+*/
+int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip)
+{
+ DumpState D;
+ D.L=L;
+ D.writer=w;
+ D.data=data;
+ D.strip=strip;
+ D.status=0;
+ DumpHeader(&D);
+ DumpFunction(f,&D);
+ return D.status;
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.c,v 2.30.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lfunc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ Closure *c = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TCCL, sizeCclosure(n), NULL, 0)->cl;
+ c->c.nupvalues = cast_byte(n);
+ return c;
+}
+
+
+Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ Closure *c = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TLCL, sizeLclosure(n), NULL, 0)->cl;
+ c->l.p = NULL;
+ c->l.nupvalues = cast_byte(n);
+ while (n--) c->l.upvals[n] = NULL;
+ return c;
+}
+
+
+UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L) {
+ UpVal *uv = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal), NULL, 0)->uv;
+ uv->v = &uv->u.value;
+ setnilvalue(uv->v);
+ return uv;
+}
+
+
+UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject **pp = &L->openupval;
+ UpVal *p;
+ UpVal *uv;
+ while (*pp != NULL && (p = gco2uv(*pp))->v >= level) {
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(p);
+ lua_assert(p->v != &p->u.value);
+ lua_assert(!isold(o) || isold(obj2gco(L)));
+ if (p->v == level) { /* found a corresponding upvalue? */
+ if (isdead(g, o)) /* is it dead? */
+ changewhite(o); /* resurrect it */
+ return p;
+ }
+ pp = &p->next;
+ }
+ /* not found: create a new one */
+ uv = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal), pp, 0)->uv;
+ uv->v = level; /* current value lives in the stack */
+ uv->u.l.prev = &g->uvhead; /* double link it in `uvhead' list */
+ uv->u.l.next = g->uvhead.u.l.next;
+ uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.next = uv;
+ lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
+ return uv;
+}
+
+
+static void unlinkupval (UpVal *uv) {
+ lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
+ uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv->u.l.prev; /* remove from `uvhead' list */
+ uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next = uv->u.l.next;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {
+ if (uv->v != &uv->u.value) /* is it open? */
+ unlinkupval(uv); /* remove from open list */
+ luaM_free(L, uv); /* free upvalue */
+}
+
+
+void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+ UpVal *uv;
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ while (L->openupval != NULL && (uv = gco2uv(L->openupval))->v >= level) {
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv);
+ lua_assert(!isblack(o) && uv->v != &uv->u.value);
+ L->openupval = uv->next; /* remove from `open' list */
+ if (isdead(g, o))
+ luaF_freeupval(L, uv); /* free upvalue */
+ else {
+ unlinkupval(uv); /* remove upvalue from 'uvhead' list */
+ setobj(L, &uv->u.value, uv->v); /* move value to upvalue slot */
+ uv->v = &uv->u.value; /* now current value lives here */
+ gch(o)->next = g->allgc; /* link upvalue into 'allgc' list */
+ g->allgc = o;
+ luaC_checkupvalcolor(g, uv);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) {
+ Proto *f = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TPROTO, sizeof(Proto), NULL, 0)->p;
+ f->k = NULL;
+ f->sizek = 0;
+ f->p = NULL;
+ f->sizep = 0;
+ f->code = NULL;
+ f->cache = NULL;
+ f->sizecode = 0;
+ f->lineinfo = NULL;
+ f->sizelineinfo = 0;
+ f->upvalues = NULL;
+ f->sizeupvalues = 0;
+ f->numparams = 0;
+ f->is_vararg = 0;
+ f->maxstacksize = 0;
+ f->locvars = NULL;
+ f->sizelocvars = 0;
+ f->linedefined = 0;
+ f->lastlinedefined = 0;
+ f->source = NULL;
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f) {
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->code, f->sizecode);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->p, f->sizep);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->k, f->sizek);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues);
+ luaM_free(L, f);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Look for n-th local variable at line `line' in function `func'.
+** Returns NULL if not found.
+*/
+const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *f, int local_number, int pc) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i<f->sizelocvars && f->locvars[i].startpc <= pc; i++) {
+ if (pc < f->locvars[i].endpc) { /* is variable active? */
+ local_number--;
+ if (local_number == 0)
+ return getstr(f->locvars[i].varname);
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* not found */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.h,v 2.8.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lfunc_h
+#define lfunc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define sizeCclosure(n) (cast(int, sizeof(CClosure)) + \
+ cast(int, sizeof(TValue)*((n)-1)))
+
+#define sizeLclosure(n) (cast(int, sizeof(LClosure)) + \
+ cast(int, sizeof(TValue *)*((n)-1)))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems);
+LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems);
+LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *func, int local_number,
+ int pc);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.c,v 2.140.1.2 2013/04/26 18:22:05 roberto Exp $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lgc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+
+/*
+** cost of sweeping one element (the size of a small object divided
+** by some adjust for the sweep speed)
+*/
+#define GCSWEEPCOST ((sizeof(TString) + 4) / 4)
+
+/* maximum number of elements to sweep in each single step */
+#define GCSWEEPMAX (cast_int((GCSTEPSIZE / GCSWEEPCOST) / 4))
+
+/* maximum number of finalizers to call in each GC step */
+#define GCFINALIZENUM 4
+
+
+/*
+** macro to adjust 'stepmul': 'stepmul' is actually used like
+** 'stepmul / STEPMULADJ' (value chosen by tests)
+*/
+#define STEPMULADJ 200
+
+
+/*
+** macro to adjust 'pause': 'pause' is actually used like
+** 'pause / PAUSEADJ' (value chosen by tests)
+*/
+#define PAUSEADJ 100
+
+
+/*
+** 'makewhite' erases all color bits plus the old bit and then
+** sets only the current white bit
+*/
+#define maskcolors (~(bit2mask(BLACKBIT, OLDBIT) | WHITEBITS))
+#define makewhite(g,x) \
+ (gch(x)->marked = cast_byte((gch(x)->marked & maskcolors) | luaC_white(g)))
+
+#define white2gray(x) resetbits(gch(x)->marked, WHITEBITS)
+#define black2gray(x) resetbit(gch(x)->marked, BLACKBIT)
+
+
+#define isfinalized(x) testbit(gch(x)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT)
+
+#define checkdeadkey(n) lua_assert(!ttisdeadkey(gkey(n)) || ttisnil(gval(n)))
+
+
+#define checkconsistency(obj) \
+ lua_longassert(!iscollectable(obj) || righttt(obj))
+
+
+#define markvalue(g,o) { checkconsistency(o); \
+ if (valiswhite(o)) reallymarkobject(g,gcvalue(o)); }
+
+#define markobject(g,t) { if ((t) && iswhite(obj2gco(t))) \
+ reallymarkobject(g, obj2gco(t)); }
+
+static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o);
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** one after last element in a hash array
+*/
+#define gnodelast(h) gnode(h, cast(size_t, sizenode(h)))
+
+
+/*
+** link table 'h' into list pointed by 'p'
+*/
+#define linktable(h,p) ((h)->gclist = *(p), *(p) = obj2gco(h))
+
+
+/*
+** if key is not marked, mark its entry as dead (therefore removing it
+** from the table)
+*/
+static void removeentry (Node *n) {
+ lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(n)));
+ if (valiswhite(gkey(n)))
+ setdeadvalue(gkey(n)); /* unused and unmarked key; remove it */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** tells whether a key or value can be cleared from a weak
+** table. Non-collectable objects are never removed from weak
+** tables. Strings behave as `values', so are never removed too. for
+** other objects: if really collected, cannot keep them; for objects
+** being finalized, keep them in keys, but not in values
+*/
+static int iscleared (global_State *g, const TValue *o) {
+ if (!iscollectable(o)) return 0;
+ else if (ttisstring(o)) {
+ markobject(g, rawtsvalue(o)); /* strings are `values', so are never weak */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else return iswhite(gcvalue(o));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** barrier that moves collector forward, that is, mark the white object
+** being pointed by a black object.
+*/
+void luaC_barrier_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert(isblack(o) && iswhite(v) && !isdead(g, v) && !isdead(g, o));
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+ lua_assert(gch(o)->tt != LUA_TTABLE);
+ if (keepinvariantout(g)) /* must keep invariant? */
+ reallymarkobject(g, v); /* restore invariant */
+ else { /* sweep phase */
+ lua_assert(issweepphase(g));
+ makewhite(g, o); /* mark main obj. as white to avoid other barriers */
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** barrier that moves collector backward, that is, mark the black object
+** pointing to a white object as gray again. (Current implementation
+** only works for tables; access to 'gclist' is not uniform across
+** different types.)
+*/
+void luaC_barrierback_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert(isblack(o) && !isdead(g, o) && gch(o)->tt == LUA_TTABLE);
+ black2gray(o); /* make object gray (again) */
+ gco2t(o)->gclist = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = o;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** barrier for prototypes. When creating first closure (cache is
+** NULL), use a forward barrier; this may be the only closure of the
+** prototype (if it is a "regular" function, with a single instance)
+** and the prototype may be big, so it is better to avoid traversing
+** it again. Otherwise, use a backward barrier, to avoid marking all
+** possible instances.
+*/
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierproto_ (lua_State *L, Proto *p, Closure *c) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert(isblack(obj2gco(p)));
+ if (p->cache == NULL) { /* first time? */
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, p, c);
+ }
+ else { /* use a backward barrier */
+ black2gray(obj2gco(p)); /* make prototype gray (again) */
+ p->gclist = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = obj2gco(p);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check color (and invariants) for an upvalue that was closed,
+** i.e., moved into the 'allgc' list
+*/
+void luaC_checkupvalcolor (global_State *g, UpVal *uv) {
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv);
+ lua_assert(!isblack(o)); /* open upvalues are never black */
+ if (isgray(o)) {
+ if (keepinvariant(g)) {
+ resetoldbit(o); /* see MOVE OLD rule */
+ gray2black(o); /* it is being visited now */
+ markvalue(g, uv->v);
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_assert(issweepphase(g));
+ makewhite(g, o);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create a new collectable object (with given type and size) and link
+** it to '*list'. 'offset' tells how many bytes to allocate before the
+** object itself (used only by states).
+*/
+GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz, GCObject **list,
+ int offset) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ char *raw = cast(char *, luaM_newobject(L, novariant(tt), sz));
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(raw + offset);
+ if (list == NULL)
+ list = &g->allgc; /* standard list for collectable objects */
+ gch(o)->marked = luaC_white(g);
+ gch(o)->tt = (lu_byte)tt;
+ gch(o)->next = *list;
+ *list = o;
+ return o;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Mark functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** mark an object. Userdata, strings, and closed upvalues are visited
+** and turned black here. Other objects are marked gray and added
+** to appropriate list to be visited (and turned black) later. (Open
+** upvalues are already linked in 'headuv' list.)
+*/
+static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
+ lu_mem size;
+ white2gray(o);
+ switch (gch(o)->tt) {
+ case LUA_TSHRSTR:
+ case LUA_TLNGSTR: {
+ size = sizestring(gco2ts(o));
+ break; /* nothing else to mark; make it black */
+ }
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+ Table *mt = gco2u(o)->metatable;
+ markobject(g, mt);
+ markobject(g, gco2u(o)->env);
+ size = sizeudata(gco2u(o));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUPVAL: {
+ UpVal *uv = gco2uv(o);
+ markvalue(g, uv->v);
+ if (uv->v != &uv->u.value) /* open? */
+ return; /* open upvalues remain gray */
+ size = sizeof(UpVal);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TLCL: {
+ gco2lcl(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TCCL: {
+ gco2ccl(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ linktable(gco2t(o), &g->gray);
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: {
+ gco2th(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TPROTO: {
+ gco2p(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ return;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0); return;
+ }
+ gray2black(o);
+ g->GCmemtrav += size;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark metamethods for basic types
+*/
+static void markmt (global_State *g) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++)
+ markobject(g, g->mt[i]);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark all objects in list of being-finalized
+*/
+static void markbeingfnz (global_State *g) {
+ GCObject *o;
+ for (o = g->tobefnz; o != NULL; o = gch(o)->next) {
+ makewhite(g, o);
+ reallymarkobject(g, o);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark all values stored in marked open upvalues. (See comment in
+** 'lstate.h'.)
+*/
+static void remarkupvals (global_State *g) {
+ UpVal *uv;
+ for (uv = g->uvhead.u.l.next; uv != &g->uvhead; uv = uv->u.l.next) {
+ if (isgray(obj2gco(uv)))
+ markvalue(g, uv->v);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark root set and reset all gray lists, to start a new
+** incremental (or full) collection
+*/
+static void restartcollection (global_State *g) {
+ g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
+ g->weak = g->allweak = g->ephemeron = NULL;
+ markobject(g, g->mainthread);
+ markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
+ markmt(g);
+ markbeingfnz(g); /* mark any finalizing object left from previous cycle */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Traverse functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static void traverseweakvalue (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+ Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+ /* if there is array part, assume it may have white values (do not
+ traverse it just to check) */
+ int hasclears = (h->sizearray > 0);
+ for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+ checkdeadkey(n);
+ if (ttisnil(gval(n))) /* entry is empty? */
+ removeentry(n); /* remove it */
+ else {
+ lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n)));
+ markvalue(g, gkey(n)); /* mark key */
+ if (!hasclears && iscleared(g, gval(n))) /* is there a white value? */
+ hasclears = 1; /* table will have to be cleared */
+ }
+ }
+ if (hasclears)
+ linktable(h, &g->weak); /* has to be cleared later */
+ else /* no white values */
+ linktable(h, &g->grayagain); /* no need to clean */
+}
+
+
+static int traverseephemeron (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+ int marked = 0; /* true if an object is marked in this traversal */
+ int hasclears = 0; /* true if table has white keys */
+ int prop = 0; /* true if table has entry "white-key -> white-value" */
+ Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+ int i;
+ /* traverse array part (numeric keys are 'strong') */
+ for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) {
+ if (valiswhite(&h->array[i])) {
+ marked = 1;
+ reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(&h->array[i]));
+ }
+ }
+ /* traverse hash part */
+ for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+ checkdeadkey(n);
+ if (ttisnil(gval(n))) /* entry is empty? */
+ removeentry(n); /* remove it */
+ else if (iscleared(g, gkey(n))) { /* key is not marked (yet)? */
+ hasclears = 1; /* table must be cleared */
+ if (valiswhite(gval(n))) /* value not marked yet? */
+ prop = 1; /* must propagate again */
+ }
+ else if (valiswhite(gval(n))) { /* value not marked yet? */
+ marked = 1;
+ reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(gval(n))); /* mark it now */
+ }
+ }
+ if (prop)
+ linktable(h, &g->ephemeron); /* have to propagate again */
+ else if (hasclears) /* does table have white keys? */
+ linktable(h, &g->allweak); /* may have to clean white keys */
+ else /* no white keys */
+ linktable(h, &g->grayagain); /* no need to clean */
+ return marked;
+}
+
+
+static void traversestrongtable (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+ Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) /* traverse array part */
+ markvalue(g, &h->array[i]);
+ for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) { /* traverse hash part */
+ checkdeadkey(n);
+ if (ttisnil(gval(n))) /* entry is empty? */
+ removeentry(n); /* remove it */
+ else {
+ lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n)));
+ markvalue(g, gkey(n)); /* mark key */
+ markvalue(g, gval(n)); /* mark value */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem traversetable (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+ const char *weakkey, *weakvalue;
+ const TValue *mode = gfasttm(g, h->metatable, TM_MODE);
+ markobject(g, h->metatable);
+ if (mode && ttisstring(mode) && /* is there a weak mode? */
+ ((weakkey = strchr(svalue(mode), 'k')),
+ (weakvalue = strchr(svalue(mode), 'v')),
+ (weakkey || weakvalue))) { /* is really weak? */
+ black2gray(obj2gco(h)); /* keep table gray */
+ if (!weakkey) /* strong keys? */
+ traverseweakvalue(g, h);
+ else if (!weakvalue) /* strong values? */
+ traverseephemeron(g, h);
+ else /* all weak */
+ linktable(h, &g->allweak); /* nothing to traverse now */
+ }
+ else /* not weak */
+ traversestrongtable(g, h);
+ return sizeof(Table) + sizeof(TValue) * h->sizearray +
+ sizeof(Node) * cast(size_t, sizenode(h));
+}
+
+
+static int traverseproto (global_State *g, Proto *f) {
+ int i;
+ if (f->cache && iswhite(obj2gco(f->cache)))
+ f->cache = NULL; /* allow cache to be collected */
+ markobject(g, f->source);
+ for (i = 0; i < f->sizek; i++) /* mark literals */
+ markvalue(g, &f->k[i]);
+ for (i = 0; i < f->sizeupvalues; i++) /* mark upvalue names */
+ markobject(g, f->upvalues[i].name);
+ for (i = 0; i < f->sizep; i++) /* mark nested protos */
+ markobject(g, f->p[i]);
+ for (i = 0; i < f->sizelocvars; i++) /* mark local-variable names */
+ markobject(g, f->locvars[i].varname);
+ return sizeof(Proto) + sizeof(Instruction) * f->sizecode +
+ sizeof(Proto *) * f->sizep +
+ sizeof(TValue) * f->sizek +
+ sizeof(int) * f->sizelineinfo +
+ sizeof(LocVar) * f->sizelocvars +
+ sizeof(Upvaldesc) * f->sizeupvalues;
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem traverseCclosure (global_State *g, CClosure *cl) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */
+ markvalue(g, &cl->upvalue[i]);
+ return sizeCclosure(cl->nupvalues);
+}
+
+static lu_mem traverseLclosure (global_State *g, LClosure *cl) {
+ int i;
+ markobject(g, cl->p); /* mark its prototype */
+ for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */
+ markobject(g, cl->upvals[i]);
+ return sizeLclosure(cl->nupvalues);
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem traversestack (global_State *g, lua_State *th) {
+ int n = 0;
+ StkId o = th->stack;
+ if (o == NULL)
+ return 1; /* stack not completely built yet */
+ for (; o < th->top; o++) /* mark live elements in the stack */
+ markvalue(g, o);
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSatomic) { /* final traversal? */
+ StkId lim = th->stack + th->stacksize; /* real end of stack */
+ for (; o < lim; o++) /* clear not-marked stack slice */
+ setnilvalue(o);
+ }
+ else { /* count call infos to compute size */
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ for (ci = &th->base_ci; ci != th->ci; ci = ci->next)
+ n++;
+ }
+ return sizeof(lua_State) + sizeof(TValue) * th->stacksize +
+ sizeof(CallInfo) * n;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** traverse one gray object, turning it to black (except for threads,
+** which are always gray).
+*/
+static void propagatemark (global_State *g) {
+ lu_mem size;
+ GCObject *o = g->gray;
+ lua_assert(isgray(o));
+ gray2black(o);
+ switch (gch(o)->tt) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ Table *h = gco2t(o);
+ g->gray = h->gclist; /* remove from 'gray' list */
+ size = traversetable(g, h);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TLCL: {
+ LClosure *cl = gco2lcl(o);
+ g->gray = cl->gclist; /* remove from 'gray' list */
+ size = traverseLclosure(g, cl);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TCCL: {
+ CClosure *cl = gco2ccl(o);
+ g->gray = cl->gclist; /* remove from 'gray' list */
+ size = traverseCclosure(g, cl);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: {
+ lua_State *th = gco2th(o);
+ g->gray = th->gclist; /* remove from 'gray' list */
+ th->gclist = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = o; /* insert into 'grayagain' list */
+ black2gray(o);
+ size = traversestack(g, th);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TPROTO: {
+ Proto *p = gco2p(o);
+ g->gray = p->gclist; /* remove from 'gray' list */
+ size = traverseproto(g, p);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0); return;
+ }
+ g->GCmemtrav += size;
+}
+
+
+static void propagateall (global_State *g) {
+ while (g->gray) propagatemark(g);
+}
+
+
+static void propagatelist (global_State *g, GCObject *l) {
+ lua_assert(g->gray == NULL); /* no grays left */
+ g->gray = l;
+ propagateall(g); /* traverse all elements from 'l' */
+}
+
+/*
+** retraverse all gray lists. Because tables may be reinserted in other
+** lists when traversed, traverse the original lists to avoid traversing
+** twice the same table (which is not wrong, but inefficient)
+*/
+static void retraversegrays (global_State *g) {
+ GCObject *weak = g->weak; /* save original lists */
+ GCObject *grayagain = g->grayagain;
+ GCObject *ephemeron = g->ephemeron;
+ g->weak = g->grayagain = g->ephemeron = NULL;
+ propagateall(g); /* traverse main gray list */
+ propagatelist(g, grayagain);
+ propagatelist(g, weak);
+ propagatelist(g, ephemeron);
+}
+
+
+static void convergeephemerons (global_State *g) {
+ int changed;
+ do {
+ GCObject *w;
+ GCObject *next = g->ephemeron; /* get ephemeron list */
+ g->ephemeron = NULL; /* tables will return to this list when traversed */
+ changed = 0;
+ while ((w = next) != NULL) {
+ next = gco2t(w)->gclist;
+ if (traverseephemeron(g, gco2t(w))) { /* traverse marked some value? */
+ propagateall(g); /* propagate changes */
+ changed = 1; /* will have to revisit all ephemeron tables */
+ }
+ }
+ } while (changed);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Sweep Functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** clear entries with unmarked keys from all weaktables in list 'l' up
+** to element 'f'
+*/
+static void clearkeys (global_State *g, GCObject *l, GCObject *f) {
+ for (; l != f; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
+ Table *h = gco2t(l);
+ Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+ for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && (iscleared(g, gkey(n)))) {
+ setnilvalue(gval(n)); /* remove value ... */
+ removeentry(n); /* and remove entry from table */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** clear entries with unmarked values from all weaktables in list 'l' up
+** to element 'f'
+*/
+static void clearvalues (global_State *g, GCObject *l, GCObject *f) {
+ for (; l != f; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
+ Table *h = gco2t(l);
+ Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) {
+ TValue *o = &h->array[i];
+ if (iscleared(g, o)) /* value was collected? */
+ setnilvalue(o); /* remove value */
+ }
+ for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && iscleared(g, gval(n))) {
+ setnilvalue(gval(n)); /* remove value ... */
+ removeentry(n); /* and remove entry from table */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void freeobj (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+ switch (gch(o)->tt) {
+ case LUA_TPROTO: luaF_freeproto(L, gco2p(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TLCL: {
+ luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeLclosure(gco2lcl(o)->nupvalues));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TCCL: {
+ luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeCclosure(gco2ccl(o)->nupvalues));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUPVAL: luaF_freeupval(L, gco2uv(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TTABLE: luaH_free(L, gco2t(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: luaE_freethread(L, gco2th(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeudata(gco2u(o))); break;
+ case LUA_TSHRSTR:
+ G(L)->strt.nuse--;
+ /* go through */
+ case LUA_TLNGSTR: {
+ luaM_freemem(L, o, sizestring(gco2ts(o)));
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+#define sweepwholelist(L,p) sweeplist(L,p,MAX_LUMEM)
+static GCObject **sweeplist (lua_State *L, GCObject **p, lu_mem count);
+
+
+/*
+** sweep the (open) upvalues of a thread and resize its stack and
+** list of call-info structures.
+*/
+static void sweepthread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
+ if (L1->stack == NULL) return; /* stack not completely built yet */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &L1->openupval); /* sweep open upvalues */
+ luaE_freeCI(L1); /* free extra CallInfo slots */
+ /* should not change the stack during an emergency gc cycle */
+ if (G(L)->gckind != KGC_EMERGENCY)
+ luaD_shrinkstack(L1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** sweep at most 'count' elements from a list of GCObjects erasing dead
+** objects, where a dead (not alive) object is one marked with the "old"
+** (non current) white and not fixed.
+** In non-generational mode, change all non-dead objects back to white,
+** preparing for next collection cycle.
+** In generational mode, keep black objects black, and also mark them as
+** old; stop when hitting an old object, as all objects after that
+** one will be old too.
+** When object is a thread, sweep its list of open upvalues too.
+*/
+static GCObject **sweeplist (lua_State *L, GCObject **p, lu_mem count) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int ow = otherwhite(g);
+ int toclear, toset; /* bits to clear and to set in all live objects */
+ int tostop; /* stop sweep when this is true */
+ if (isgenerational(g)) { /* generational mode? */
+ toclear = ~0; /* clear nothing */
+ toset = bitmask(OLDBIT); /* set the old bit of all surviving objects */
+ tostop = bitmask(OLDBIT); /* do not sweep old generation */
+ }
+ else { /* normal mode */
+ toclear = maskcolors; /* clear all color bits + old bit */
+ toset = luaC_white(g); /* make object white */
+ tostop = 0; /* do not stop */
+ }
+ while (*p != NULL && count-- > 0) {
+ GCObject *curr = *p;
+ int marked = gch(curr)->marked;
+ if (isdeadm(ow, marked)) { /* is 'curr' dead? */
+ *p = gch(curr)->next; /* remove 'curr' from list */
+ freeobj(L, curr); /* erase 'curr' */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (testbits(marked, tostop))
+ return NULL; /* stop sweeping this list */
+ if (gch(curr)->tt == LUA_TTHREAD)
+ sweepthread(L, gco2th(curr)); /* sweep thread's upvalues */
+ /* update marks */
+ gch(curr)->marked = cast_byte((marked & toclear) | toset);
+ p = &gch(curr)->next; /* go to next element */
+ }
+ }
+ return (*p == NULL) ? NULL : p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** sweep a list until a live object (or end of list)
+*/
+static GCObject **sweeptolive (lua_State *L, GCObject **p, int *n) {
+ GCObject ** old = p;
+ int i = 0;
+ do {
+ i++;
+ p = sweeplist(L, p, 1);
+ } while (p == old);
+ if (n) *n += i;
+ return p;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Finalization
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static void checkSizes (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ if (g->gckind != KGC_EMERGENCY) { /* do not change sizes in emergency */
+ int hs = g->strt.size / 2; /* half the size of the string table */
+ if (g->strt.nuse < cast(lu_int32, hs)) /* using less than that half? */
+ luaS_resize(L, hs); /* halve its size */
+ luaZ_freebuffer(L, &g->buff); /* free concatenation buffer */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static GCObject *udata2finalize (global_State *g) {
+ GCObject *o = g->tobefnz; /* get first element */
+ lua_assert(isfinalized(o));
+ g->tobefnz = gch(o)->next; /* remove it from 'tobefnz' list */
+ gch(o)->next = g->allgc; /* return it to 'allgc' list */
+ g->allgc = o;
+ resetbit(gch(o)->marked, SEPARATED); /* mark that it is not in 'tobefnz' */
+ lua_assert(!isold(o)); /* see MOVE OLD rule */
+ if (!keepinvariantout(g)) /* not keeping invariant? */
+ makewhite(g, o); /* "sweep" object */
+ return o;
+}
+
+
+static void dothecall (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ UNUSED(ud);
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 0, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void GCTM (lua_State *L, int propagateerrors) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ const TValue *tm;
+ TValue v;
+ setgcovalue(L, &v, udata2finalize(g));
+ tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, &v, TM_GC);
+ if (tm != NULL && ttisfunction(tm)) { /* is there a finalizer? */
+ int status;
+ lu_byte oldah = L->allowhook;
+ int running = g->gcrunning;
+ L->allowhook = 0; /* stop debug hooks during GC metamethod */
+ g->gcrunning = 0; /* avoid GC steps */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, tm); /* push finalizer... */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top + 1, &v); /* ... and its argument */
+ L->top += 2; /* and (next line) call the finalizer */
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, dothecall, NULL, savestack(L, L->top - 2), 0);
+ L->allowhook = oldah; /* restore hooks */
+ g->gcrunning = (lu_byte)running; /* restore state */
+ if (status != LUA_OK && propagateerrors) { /* error while running __gc? */
+ if (status == LUA_ERRRUN) { /* is there an error object? */
+ const char *msg = (ttisstring(L->top - 1))
+ ? svalue(L->top - 1)
+ : "no message";
+ luaO_pushfstring(L, "error in __gc metamethod (%s)", msg);
+ status = LUA_ERRGCMM; /* error in __gc metamethod */
+ }
+ luaD_throw(L, status); /* re-throw error */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** move all unreachable objects (or 'all' objects) that need
+** finalization from list 'finobj' to list 'tobefnz' (to be finalized)
+*/
+static void separatetobefnz (lua_State *L, int all) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject **p = &g->finobj;
+ GCObject *curr;
+ GCObject **lastnext = &g->tobefnz;
+ /* find last 'next' field in 'tobefnz' list (to add elements in its end) */
+ while (*lastnext != NULL)
+ lastnext = &gch(*lastnext)->next;
+ while ((curr = *p) != NULL) { /* traverse all finalizable objects */
+ lua_assert(!isfinalized(curr));
+ lua_assert(testbit(gch(curr)->marked, SEPARATED));
+ if (!(iswhite(curr) || all)) /* not being collected? */
+ p = &gch(curr)->next; /* don't bother with it */
+ else {
+ l_setbit(gch(curr)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT); /* won't be finalized again */
+ *p = gch(curr)->next; /* remove 'curr' from 'finobj' list */
+ gch(curr)->next = *lastnext; /* link at the end of 'tobefnz' list */
+ *lastnext = curr;
+ lastnext = &gch(curr)->next;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** if object 'o' has a finalizer, remove it from 'allgc' list (must
+** search the list to find it) and link it in 'finobj' list.
+*/
+void luaC_checkfinalizer (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ if (testbit(gch(o)->marked, SEPARATED) || /* obj. is already separated... */
+ isfinalized(o) || /* ... or is finalized... */
+ gfasttm(g, mt, TM_GC) == NULL) /* or has no finalizer? */
+ return; /* nothing to be done */
+ else { /* move 'o' to 'finobj' list */
+ GCObject **p;
+ GCheader *ho = gch(o);
+ if (g->sweepgc == &ho->next) { /* avoid removing current sweep object */
+ lua_assert(issweepphase(g));
+ g->sweepgc = sweeptolive(L, g->sweepgc, NULL);
+ }
+ /* search for pointer pointing to 'o' */
+ for (p = &g->allgc; *p != o; p = &gch(*p)->next) { /* empty */ }
+ *p = ho->next; /* remove 'o' from root list */
+ ho->next = g->finobj; /* link it in list 'finobj' */
+ g->finobj = o;
+ l_setbit(ho->marked, SEPARATED); /* mark it as such */
+ if (!keepinvariantout(g)) /* not keeping invariant? */
+ makewhite(g, o); /* "sweep" object */
+ else
+ resetoldbit(o); /* see MOVE OLD rule */
+ }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** GC control
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** set a reasonable "time" to wait before starting a new GC cycle;
+** cycle will start when memory use hits threshold
+*/
+static void setpause (global_State *g, l_mem estimate) {
+ l_mem debt, threshold;
+ estimate = estimate / PAUSEADJ; /* adjust 'estimate' */
+ threshold = (g->gcpause < MAX_LMEM / estimate) /* overflow? */
+ ? estimate * g->gcpause /* no overflow */
+ : MAX_LMEM; /* overflow; truncate to maximum */
+ debt = -cast(l_mem, threshold - gettotalbytes(g));
+ luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
+}
+
+
+#define sweepphases \
+ (bitmask(GCSsweepstring) | bitmask(GCSsweepudata) | bitmask(GCSsweep))
+
+
+/*
+** enter first sweep phase (strings) and prepare pointers for other
+** sweep phases. The calls to 'sweeptolive' make pointers point to an
+** object inside the list (instead of to the header), so that the real
+** sweep do not need to skip objects created between "now" and the start
+** of the real sweep.
+** Returns how many objects it swept.
+*/
+static int entersweep (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int n = 0;
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweepstring;
+ lua_assert(g->sweepgc == NULL && g->sweepfin == NULL);
+ /* prepare to sweep strings, finalizable objects, and regular objects */
+ g->sweepstrgc = 0;
+ g->sweepfin = sweeptolive(L, &g->finobj, &n);
+ g->sweepgc = sweeptolive(L, &g->allgc, &n);
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** change GC mode
+*/
+void luaC_changemode (lua_State *L, int mode) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ if (mode == g->gckind) return; /* nothing to change */
+ if (mode == KGC_GEN) { /* change to generational mode */
+ /* make sure gray lists are consistent */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpropagate));
+ g->GCestimate = gettotalbytes(g);
+ g->gckind = KGC_GEN;
+ }
+ else { /* change to incremental mode */
+ /* sweep all objects to turn them back to white
+ (as white has not changed, nothing extra will be collected) */
+ g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
+ entersweep(L);
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, ~sweepphases);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** call all pending finalizers
+*/
+static void callallpendingfinalizers (lua_State *L, int propagateerrors) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ while (g->tobefnz) {
+ resetoldbit(g->tobefnz);
+ GCTM(L, propagateerrors);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int i;
+ separatetobefnz(L, 1); /* separate all objects with finalizers */
+ lua_assert(g->finobj == NULL);
+ callallpendingfinalizers(L, 0);
+ g->currentwhite = WHITEBITS; /* this "white" makes all objects look dead */
+ g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->finobj); /* finalizers can create objs. in 'finobj' */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->allgc);
+ for (i = 0; i < g->strt.size; i++) /* free all string lists */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->strt.hash[i]);
+ lua_assert(g->strt.nuse == 0);
+}
+
+
+static l_mem atomic (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ l_mem work = -cast(l_mem, g->GCmemtrav); /* start counting work */
+ GCObject *origweak, *origall;
+ lua_assert(!iswhite(obj2gco(g->mainthread)));
+ markobject(g, L); /* mark running thread */
+ /* registry and global metatables may be changed by API */
+ markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
+ markmt(g); /* mark basic metatables */
+ /* remark occasional upvalues of (maybe) dead threads */
+ remarkupvals(g);
+ propagateall(g); /* propagate changes */
+ work += g->GCmemtrav; /* stop counting (do not (re)count grays) */
+ /* traverse objects caught by write barrier and by 'remarkupvals' */
+ retraversegrays(g);
+ work -= g->GCmemtrav; /* restart counting */
+ convergeephemerons(g);
+ /* at this point, all strongly accessible objects are marked. */
+ /* clear values from weak tables, before checking finalizers */
+ clearvalues(g, g->weak, NULL);
+ clearvalues(g, g->allweak, NULL);
+ origweak = g->weak; origall = g->allweak;
+ work += g->GCmemtrav; /* stop counting (objects being finalized) */
+ separatetobefnz(L, 0); /* separate objects to be finalized */
+ markbeingfnz(g); /* mark objects that will be finalized */
+ propagateall(g); /* remark, to propagate `preserveness' */
+ work -= g->GCmemtrav; /* restart counting */
+ convergeephemerons(g);
+ /* at this point, all resurrected objects are marked. */
+ /* remove dead objects from weak tables */
+ clearkeys(g, g->ephemeron, NULL); /* clear keys from all ephemeron tables */
+ clearkeys(g, g->allweak, NULL); /* clear keys from all allweak tables */
+ /* clear values from resurrected weak tables */
+ clearvalues(g, g->weak, origweak);
+ clearvalues(g, g->allweak, origall);
+ g->currentwhite = cast_byte(otherwhite(g)); /* flip current white */
+ work += g->GCmemtrav; /* complete counting */
+ return work; /* estimate of memory marked by 'atomic' */
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem singlestep (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ switch (g->gcstate) {
+ case GCSpause: {
+ /* start to count memory traversed */
+ g->GCmemtrav = g->strt.size * sizeof(GCObject*);
+ lua_assert(!isgenerational(g));
+ restartcollection(g);
+ g->gcstate = GCSpropagate;
+ return g->GCmemtrav;
+ }
+ case GCSpropagate: {
+ if (g->gray) {
+ lu_mem oldtrav = g->GCmemtrav;
+ propagatemark(g);
+ return g->GCmemtrav - oldtrav; /* memory traversed in this step */
+ }
+ else { /* no more `gray' objects */
+ lu_mem work;
+ int sw;
+ g->gcstate = GCSatomic; /* finish mark phase */
+ g->GCestimate = g->GCmemtrav; /* save what was counted */;
+ work = atomic(L); /* add what was traversed by 'atomic' */
+ g->GCestimate += work; /* estimate of total memory traversed */
+ sw = entersweep(L);
+ return work + sw * GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ }
+ case GCSsweepstring: {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < GCSWEEPMAX && g->sweepstrgc + i < g->strt.size; i++)
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->strt.hash[g->sweepstrgc + i]);
+ g->sweepstrgc += i;
+ if (g->sweepstrgc >= g->strt.size) /* no more strings to sweep? */
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweepudata;
+ return i * GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ case GCSsweepudata: {
+ if (g->sweepfin) {
+ g->sweepfin = sweeplist(L, g->sweepfin, GCSWEEPMAX);
+ return GCSWEEPMAX*GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ else {
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweep;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ case GCSsweep: {
+ if (g->sweepgc) {
+ g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, g->sweepgc, GCSWEEPMAX);
+ return GCSWEEPMAX*GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ else {
+ /* sweep main thread */
+ GCObject *mt = obj2gco(g->mainthread);
+ sweeplist(L, &mt, 1);
+ checkSizes(L);
+ g->gcstate = GCSpause; /* finish collection */
+ return GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** advances the garbage collector until it reaches a state allowed
+** by 'statemask'
+*/
+void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ while (!testbit(statesmask, g->gcstate))
+ singlestep(L);
+}
+
+
+static void generationalcollection (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSpropagate);
+ if (g->GCestimate == 0) { /* signal for another major collection? */
+ luaC_fullgc(L, 0); /* perform a full regular collection */
+ g->GCestimate = gettotalbytes(g); /* update control */
+ }
+ else {
+ lu_mem estimate = g->GCestimate;
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause)); /* run complete (minor) cycle */
+ g->gcstate = GCSpropagate; /* skip restart */
+ if (gettotalbytes(g) > (estimate / 100) * g->gcmajorinc)
+ g->GCestimate = 0; /* signal for a major collection */
+ else
+ g->GCestimate = estimate; /* keep estimate from last major coll. */
+
+ }
+ setpause(g, gettotalbytes(g));
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSpropagate);
+}
+
+
+static void incstep (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ l_mem debt = g->GCdebt;
+ int stepmul = g->gcstepmul;
+ if (stepmul < 40) stepmul = 40; /* avoid ridiculous low values (and 0) */
+ /* convert debt from Kb to 'work units' (avoid zero debt and overflows) */
+ debt = (debt / STEPMULADJ) + 1;
+ debt = (debt < MAX_LMEM / stepmul) ? debt * stepmul : MAX_LMEM;
+ do { /* always perform at least one single step */
+ lu_mem work = singlestep(L); /* do some work */
+ debt -= work;
+ } while (debt > -GCSTEPSIZE && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSpause)
+ setpause(g, g->GCestimate); /* pause until next cycle */
+ else {
+ debt = (debt / stepmul) * STEPMULADJ; /* convert 'work units' to Kb */
+ luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** performs a basic GC step
+*/
+void luaC_forcestep (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int i;
+ if (isgenerational(g)) generationalcollection(L);
+ else incstep(L);
+ /* run a few finalizers (or all of them at the end of a collect cycle) */
+ for (i = 0; g->tobefnz && (i < GCFINALIZENUM || g->gcstate == GCSpause); i++)
+ GCTM(L, 1); /* call one finalizer */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** performs a basic GC step only if collector is running
+*/
+void luaC_step (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ if (g->gcrunning) luaC_forcestep(L);
+ else luaE_setdebt(g, -GCSTEPSIZE); /* avoid being called too often */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** performs a full GC cycle; if "isemergency", does not call
+** finalizers (which could change stack positions)
+*/
+void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L, int isemergency) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int origkind = g->gckind;
+ lua_assert(origkind != KGC_EMERGENCY);
+ if (isemergency) /* do not run finalizers during emergency GC */
+ g->gckind = KGC_EMERGENCY;
+ else {
+ g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
+ callallpendingfinalizers(L, 1);
+ }
+ if (keepinvariant(g)) { /* may there be some black objects? */
+ /* must sweep all objects to turn them back to white
+ (as white has not changed, nothing will be collected) */
+ entersweep(L);
+ }
+ /* finish any pending sweep phase to start a new cycle */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, ~bitmask(GCSpause)); /* start new collection */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause)); /* run entire collection */
+ if (origkind == KGC_GEN) { /* generational mode? */
+ /* generational mode must be kept in propagate phase */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpropagate));
+ }
+ g->gckind = (lu_byte)origkind;
+ setpause(g, gettotalbytes(g));
+ if (!isemergency) /* do not run finalizers during emergency GC */
+ callallpendingfinalizers(L, 1);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.h,v 2.58.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lgc_h
+#define lgc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+/*
+** Collectable objects may have one of three colors: white, which
+** means the object is not marked; gray, which means the
+** object is marked, but its references may be not marked; and
+** black, which means that the object and all its references are marked.
+** The main invariant of the garbage collector, while marking objects,
+** is that a black object can never point to a white one. Moreover,
+** any gray object must be in a "gray list" (gray, grayagain, weak,
+** allweak, ephemeron) so that it can be visited again before finishing
+** the collection cycle. These lists have no meaning when the invariant
+** is not being enforced (e.g., sweep phase).
+*/
+
+
+
+/* how much to allocate before next GC step */
+#if !defined(GCSTEPSIZE)
+/* ~100 small strings */
+#define GCSTEPSIZE (cast_int(100 * sizeof(TString)))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Possible states of the Garbage Collector
+*/
+#define GCSpropagate 0
+#define GCSatomic 1
+#define GCSsweepstring 2
+#define GCSsweepudata 3
+#define GCSsweep 4
+#define GCSpause 5
+
+
+#define issweepphase(g) \
+ (GCSsweepstring <= (g)->gcstate && (g)->gcstate <= GCSsweep)
+
+#define isgenerational(g) ((g)->gckind == KGC_GEN)
+
+/*
+** macros to tell when main invariant (white objects cannot point to black
+** ones) must be kept. During a non-generational collection, the sweep
+** phase may break the invariant, as objects turned white may point to
+** still-black objects. The invariant is restored when sweep ends and
+** all objects are white again. During a generational collection, the
+** invariant must be kept all times.
+*/
+
+#define keepinvariant(g) (isgenerational(g) || g->gcstate <= GCSatomic)
+
+
+/*
+** Outside the collector, the state in generational mode is kept in
+** 'propagate', so 'keepinvariant' is always true.
+*/
+#define keepinvariantout(g) \
+ check_exp(g->gcstate == GCSpropagate || !isgenerational(g), \
+ g->gcstate <= GCSatomic)
+
+
+/*
+** some useful bit tricks
+*/
+#define resetbits(x,m) ((x) &= cast(lu_byte, ~(m)))
+#define setbits(x,m) ((x) |= (m))
+#define testbits(x,m) ((x) & (m))
+#define bitmask(b) (1<<(b))
+#define bit2mask(b1,b2) (bitmask(b1) | bitmask(b2))
+#define l_setbit(x,b) setbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define resetbit(x,b) resetbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define testbit(x,b) testbits(x, bitmask(b))
+
+
+/* Layout for bit use in `marked' field: */
+#define WHITE0BIT 0 /* object is white (type 0) */
+#define WHITE1BIT 1 /* object is white (type 1) */
+#define BLACKBIT 2 /* object is black */
+#define FINALIZEDBIT 3 /* object has been separated for finalization */
+#define SEPARATED 4 /* object is in 'finobj' list or in 'tobefnz' */
+#define FIXEDBIT 5 /* object is fixed (should not be collected) */
+#define OLDBIT 6 /* object is old (only in generational mode) */
+/* bit 7 is currently used by tests (luaL_checkmemory) */
+
+#define WHITEBITS bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+
+
+#define iswhite(x) testbits((x)->gch.marked, WHITEBITS)
+#define isblack(x) testbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+#define isgray(x) /* neither white nor black */ \
+ (!testbits((x)->gch.marked, WHITEBITS | bitmask(BLACKBIT)))
+
+#define isold(x) testbit((x)->gch.marked, OLDBIT)
+
+/* MOVE OLD rule: whenever an object is moved to the beginning of
+ a GC list, its old bit must be cleared */
+#define resetoldbit(o) resetbit((o)->gch.marked, OLDBIT)
+
+#define otherwhite(g) (g->currentwhite ^ WHITEBITS)
+#define isdeadm(ow,m) (!(((m) ^ WHITEBITS) & (ow)))
+#define isdead(g,v) isdeadm(otherwhite(g), (v)->gch.marked)
+
+#define changewhite(x) ((x)->gch.marked ^= WHITEBITS)
+#define gray2black(x) l_setbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+
+#define valiswhite(x) (iscollectable(x) && iswhite(gcvalue(x)))
+
+#define luaC_white(g) cast(lu_byte, (g)->currentwhite & WHITEBITS)
+
+
+#define luaC_condGC(L,c) \
+ {if (G(L)->GCdebt > 0) {c;}; condchangemem(L);}
+#define luaC_checkGC(L) luaC_condGC(L, luaC_step(L);)
+
+
+#define luaC_barrier(L,p,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \
+ luaC_barrier_(L,obj2gco(p),gcvalue(v)); }
+
+#define luaC_barrierback(L,p,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \
+ luaC_barrierback_(L,p); }
+
+#define luaC_objbarrier(L,p,o) \
+ { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \
+ luaC_barrier_(L,obj2gco(p),obj2gco(o)); }
+
+#define luaC_objbarrierback(L,p,o) \
+ { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) luaC_barrierback_(L,p); }
+
+#define luaC_barrierproto(L,p,c) \
+ { if (isblack(obj2gco(p))) luaC_barrierproto_(L,p,c); }
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_step (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_forcestep (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L, int isemergency);
+LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz,
+ GCObject **list, int offset);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrier_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierback_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierproto_ (lua_State *L, Proto *p, Closure *c);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_checkfinalizer (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_checkupvalcolor (global_State *g, UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_changemode (lua_State *L, int mode);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: linit.c,v 1.32.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Initialization of libraries for lua.c and other clients
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** If you embed Lua in your program and need to open the standard
+** libraries, call luaL_openlibs in your program. If you need a
+** different set of libraries, copy this file to your project and edit
+** it to suit your needs.
+*/
+
+
+#define linit_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** these libs are loaded by lua.c and are readily available to any Lua
+** program
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg loadedlibs[] = {
+ {"_G", luaopen_base},
+ {LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},
+ {LUA_COLIBNAME, luaopen_coroutine},
+ {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
+ {LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io},
+ {LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os},
+ {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},
+ {LUA_BITLIBNAME, luaopen_bit32},
+ {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
+ {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** these libs are preloaded and must be required before used
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg preloadedlibs[] = {
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L) {
+ const luaL_Reg *lib;
+ /* call open functions from 'loadedlibs' and set results to global table */
+ for (lib = loadedlibs; lib->func; lib++) {
+ luaL_requiref(L, lib->name, lib->func, 1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove lib */
+ }
+ /* add open functions from 'preloadedlibs' into 'package.preload' table */
+ luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_PRELOAD");
+ for (lib = preloadedlibs; lib->func; lib++) {
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, lib->name);
+ }
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove _PRELOAD table */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: liolib.c,v 2.112.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Standard I/O (and system) library\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** This definition must come before the inclusion of 'stdio.h'; it\r
+** should not affect non-POSIX systems\r
+*/\r
+#if !defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS)\r
+#define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1\r
+#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <errno.h>\r
+#include <stdio.h>\r
+#include <stdlib.h>\r
+#include <string.h>\r
+\r
+#define liolib_c\r
+#define LUA_LIB\r
+\r
+#include "lua.h"\r
+\r
+#include "lauxlib.h"\r
+#include "lualib.h"\r
+\r
+\r
+#if !defined(lua_checkmode)\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Check whether 'mode' matches '[rwa]%+?b?'.\r
+** Change this macro to accept other modes for 'fopen' besides\r
+** the standard ones.\r
+*/\r
+#define lua_checkmode(mode) \\r
+ (*mode != '\0' && strchr("rwa", *(mode++)) != NULL && \\r
+ (*mode != '+' || ++mode) && /* skip if char is '+' */ \\r
+ (*mode != 'b' || ++mode) && /* skip if char is 'b' */ \\r
+ (*mode == '\0'))\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** lua_popen spawns a new process connected to the current\r
+** one through the file streams.\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#if !defined(lua_popen) /* { */\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POPEN) /* { */\r
+\r
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)L, fflush(NULL), popen(c,m))\r
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)L, pclose(file))\r
+\r
+#elif defined(LUA_WIN) /* }{ */\r
+\r
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)L, _popen(c,m))\r
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)L, _pclose(file))\r
+\r
+\r
+#else /* }{ */\r
+\r
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)((void)c, m), \\r
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("popen") " not supported"), (FILE*)0)\r
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)((void)L, file), -1)\r
+\r
+\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** lua_fseek: configuration for longer offsets\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#if !defined(lua_fseek) && !defined(LUA_ANSI) /* { */\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX) /* { */\r
+\r
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w) fseeko(f,o,w)\r
+#define l_ftell(f) ftello(f)\r
+#define l_seeknum off_t\r
+\r
+#elif defined(LUA_WIN) && !defined(_CRTIMP_TYPEINFO) \\r
+ && defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400) /* }{ */\r
+/* Windows (but not DDK) and Visual C++ 2005 or higher */\r
+\r
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w) _fseeki64(f,o,w)\r
+#define l_ftell(f) _ftelli64(f)\r
+#define l_seeknum __int64\r
+\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+\r
+#if !defined(l_fseek) /* default definitions */\r
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w) fseek(f,o,w)\r
+#define l_ftell(f) ftell(f)\r
+#define l_seeknum long\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+#define IO_PREFIX "_IO_"\r
+#define IO_INPUT (IO_PREFIX "input")\r
+#define IO_OUTPUT (IO_PREFIX "output")\r
+\r
+\r
+typedef luaL_Stream LStream;\r
+\r
+\r
+#define tolstream(L) ((LStream *)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE))\r
+\r
+#define isclosed(p) ((p)->closef == NULL)\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_type (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p;\r
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);\r
+ p = (LStream *)luaL_testudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE);\r
+ if (p == NULL)\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* not a file */\r
+ else if (isclosed(p))\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "closed file");\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "file");\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int f_tostring (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);\r
+ if (isclosed(p))\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "file (closed)");\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "file (%p)", p->f);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static FILE *tofile (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);\r
+ if (isclosed(p))\r
+ luaL_error(L, "attempt to use a closed file");\r
+ lua_assert(p->f);\r
+ return p->f;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** When creating file handles, always creates a `closed' file handle\r
+** before opening the actual file; so, if there is a memory error, the\r
+** file is not left opened.\r
+*/\r
+static LStream *newprefile (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(LStream));\r
+ p->closef = NULL; /* mark file handle as 'closed' */\r
+ luaL_setmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);\r
+ return p;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int aux_close (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);\r
+ lua_CFunction cf = p->closef;\r
+ p->closef = NULL; /* mark stream as closed */\r
+ return (*cf)(L); /* close it */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_close (lua_State *L) {\r
+ if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) /* no argument? */\r
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, IO_OUTPUT); /* use standard output */\r
+ tofile(L); /* make sure argument is an open stream */\r
+ return aux_close(L);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int f_gc (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);\r
+ if (!isclosed(p) && p->f != NULL)\r
+ aux_close(L); /* ignore closed and incompletely open files */\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** function to close regular files\r
+*/\r
+static int io_fclose (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);\r
+ int res = fclose(p->f);\r
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, (res == 0), NULL);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static LStream *newfile (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = newprefile(L);\r
+ p->f = NULL;\r
+ p->closef = &io_fclose;\r
+ return p;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void opencheck (lua_State *L, const char *fname, const char *mode) {\r
+ LStream *p = newfile(L);\r
+ p->f = fopen(fname, mode);\r
+ if (p->f == NULL)\r
+ luaL_error(L, "cannot open file " LUA_QS " (%s)", fname, strerror(errno));\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_open (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");\r
+ LStream *p = newfile(L);\r
+ const char *md = mode; /* to traverse/check mode */\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, lua_checkmode(md), 2, "invalid mode");\r
+ p->f = fopen(filename, mode);\r
+ return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** function to close 'popen' files\r
+*/\r
+static int io_pclose (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);\r
+ return luaL_execresult(L, lua_pclose(L, p->f));\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_popen (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");\r
+ LStream *p = newprefile(L);\r
+ p->f = lua_popen(L, filename, mode);\r
+ p->closef = &io_pclose;\r
+ return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_tmpfile (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = newfile(L);\r
+ p->f = tmpfile();\r
+ return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL) : 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static FILE *getiofile (lua_State *L, const char *findex) {\r
+ LStream *p;\r
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, findex);\r
+ p = (LStream *)lua_touserdata(L, -1);\r
+ if (isclosed(p))\r
+ luaL_error(L, "standard %s file is closed", findex + strlen(IO_PREFIX));\r
+ return p->f;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int g_iofile (lua_State *L, const char *f, const char *mode) {\r
+ if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) {\r
+ const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, 1);\r
+ if (filename)\r
+ opencheck(L, filename, mode);\r
+ else {\r
+ tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);\r
+ }\r
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, f);\r
+ }\r
+ /* return current value */\r
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, f);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_input (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return g_iofile(L, IO_INPUT, "r");\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_output (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return g_iofile(L, IO_OUTPUT, "w");\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+\r
+static void aux_lines (lua_State *L, int toclose) {\r
+ int i;\r
+ int n = lua_gettop(L) - 1; /* number of arguments to read */\r
+ /* ensure that arguments will fit here and into 'io_readline' stack */\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, n <= LUA_MINSTACK - 3, LUA_MINSTACK - 3, "too many options");\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* file handle */\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n); /* number of arguments to read */\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, toclose); /* close/not close file when finished */\r
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) lua_pushvalue(L, i + 1); /* copy arguments */\r
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, io_readline, 3 + n);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int f_lines (lua_State *L) {\r
+ tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */\r
+ aux_lines(L, 0);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_lines (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int toclose;\r
+ if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) lua_pushnil(L); /* at least one argument */\r
+ if (lua_isnil(L, 1)) { /* no file name? */\r
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, IO_INPUT); /* get default input */\r
+ lua_replace(L, 1); /* put it at index 1 */\r
+ tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */\r
+ toclose = 0; /* do not close it after iteration */\r
+ }\r
+ else { /* open a new file */\r
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ opencheck(L, filename, "r");\r
+ lua_replace(L, 1); /* put file at index 1 */\r
+ toclose = 1; /* close it after iteration */\r
+ }\r
+ aux_lines(L, toclose);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** READ\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {\r
+ lua_Number d;\r
+ if (fscanf(f, LUA_NUMBER_SCAN, &d) == 1) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, d);\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* "result" to be removed */\r
+ return 0; /* read fails */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int test_eof (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {\r
+ int c = getc(f);\r
+ ungetc(c, f);\r
+ lua_pushlstring(L, NULL, 0);\r
+ return (c != EOF);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int read_line (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int chop) {\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);\r
+ for (;;) {\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);\r
+ if (fgets(p, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, f) == NULL) { /* eof? */\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */\r
+ return (lua_rawlen(L, -1) > 0); /* check whether read something */\r
+ }\r
+ l = strlen(p);\r
+ if (l == 0 || p[l-1] != '\n')\r
+ luaL_addsize(&b, l);\r
+ else {\r
+ luaL_addsize(&b, l - chop); /* chop 'eol' if needed */\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */\r
+ return 1; /* read at least an `eol' */\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+#define MAX_SIZE_T (~(size_t)0)\r
+\r
+static void read_all (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {\r
+ size_t rlen = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE; /* how much to read in each cycle */\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);\r
+ for (;;) {\r
+ char *p = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, rlen);\r
+ size_t nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), rlen, f);\r
+ luaL_addsize(&b, nr);\r
+ if (nr < rlen) break; /* eof? */\r
+ else if (rlen <= (MAX_SIZE_T / 4)) /* avoid buffers too large */\r
+ rlen *= 2; /* double buffer size at each iteration */\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int read_chars (lua_State *L, FILE *f, size_t n) {\r
+ size_t nr; /* number of chars actually read */\r
+ char *p;\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);\r
+ p = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, n); /* prepare buffer to read whole block */\r
+ nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), n, f); /* try to read 'n' chars */\r
+ luaL_addsize(&b, nr);\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */\r
+ return (nr > 0); /* true iff read something */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int g_read (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int first) {\r
+ int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1;\r
+ int success;\r
+ int n;\r
+ clearerr(f);\r
+ if (nargs == 0) { /* no arguments? */\r
+ success = read_line(L, f, 1);\r
+ n = first+1; /* to return 1 result */\r
+ }\r
+ else { /* ensure stack space for all results and for auxlib's buffer */\r
+ luaL_checkstack(L, nargs+LUA_MINSTACK, "too many arguments");\r
+ success = 1;\r
+ for (n = first; nargs-- && success; n++) {\r
+ if (lua_type(L, n) == LUA_TNUMBER) {\r
+ size_t l = (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, n);\r
+ success = (l == 0) ? test_eof(L, f) : read_chars(L, f, l);\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ const char *p = lua_tostring(L, n);\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, p && p[0] == '*', n, "invalid option");\r
+ switch (p[1]) {\r
+ case 'n': /* number */\r
+ success = read_number(L, f);\r
+ break;\r
+ case 'l': /* line */\r
+ success = read_line(L, f, 1);\r
+ break;\r
+ case 'L': /* line with end-of-line */\r
+ success = read_line(L, f, 0);\r
+ break;\r
+ case 'a': /* file */\r
+ read_all(L, f); /* read entire file */\r
+ success = 1; /* always success */\r
+ break;\r
+ default:\r
+ return luaL_argerror(L, n, "invalid format");\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ if (ferror(f))\r
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);\r
+ if (!success) {\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove last result */\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* push nil instead */\r
+ }\r
+ return n - first;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_read (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return g_read(L, getiofile(L, IO_INPUT), 1);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int f_read (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return g_read(L, tofile(L), 2);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));\r
+ int i;\r
+ int n = (int)lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(2));\r
+ if (isclosed(p)) /* file is already closed? */\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "file is already closed");\r
+ lua_settop(L , 1);\r
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) /* push arguments to 'g_read' */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(3 + i));\r
+ n = g_read(L, p->f, 2); /* 'n' is number of results */\r
+ lua_assert(n > 0); /* should return at least a nil */\r
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -n)) /* read at least one value? */\r
+ return n; /* return them */\r
+ else { /* first result is nil: EOF or error */\r
+ if (n > 1) { /* is there error information? */\r
+ /* 2nd result is error message */\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "%s", lua_tostring(L, -n + 1));\r
+ }\r
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, lua_upvalueindex(3))) { /* generator created file? */\r
+ lua_settop(L, 0);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));\r
+ aux_close(L); /* close it */\r
+ }\r
+ return 0;\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+static int g_write (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int arg) {\r
+ int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - arg;\r
+ int status = 1;\r
+ for (; nargs--; arg++) {\r
+ if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {\r
+ /* optimization: could be done exactly as for strings */\r
+ status = status &&\r
+ fprintf(f, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, lua_tonumber(L, arg)) > 0;\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);\r
+ status = status && (fwrite(s, sizeof(char), l, f) == l);\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ if (status) return 1; /* file handle already on stack top */\r
+ else return luaL_fileresult(L, status, NULL);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_write (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return g_write(L, getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT), 1);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int f_write (lua_State *L) {\r
+ FILE *f = tofile(L);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* push file at the stack top (to be returned) */\r
+ return g_write(L, f, 2);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int f_seek (lua_State *L) {\r
+ static const int mode[] = {SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END};\r
+ static const char *const modenames[] = {"set", "cur", "end", NULL};\r
+ FILE *f = tofile(L);\r
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "cur", modenames);\r
+ lua_Number p3 = luaL_optnumber(L, 3, 0);\r
+ l_seeknum offset = (l_seeknum)p3;\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Number)offset == p3, 3,\r
+ "not an integer in proper range");\r
+ op = l_fseek(f, offset, mode[op]);\r
+ if (op)\r
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL); /* error */\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)l_ftell(f));\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int f_setvbuf (lua_State *L) {\r
+ static const int mode[] = {_IONBF, _IOFBF, _IOLBF};\r
+ static const char *const modenames[] = {"no", "full", "line", NULL};\r
+ FILE *f = tofile(L);\r
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, modenames);\r
+ lua_Integer sz = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);\r
+ int res = setvbuf(f, NULL, mode[op], sz);\r
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, res == 0, NULL);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT)) == 0, NULL);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int f_flush (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(tofile(L)) == 0, NULL);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** functions for 'io' library\r
+*/\r
+static const luaL_Reg iolib[] = {\r
+ {"close", io_close},\r
+ {"flush", io_flush},\r
+ {"input", io_input},\r
+ {"lines", io_lines},\r
+ {"open", io_open},\r
+ {"output", io_output},\r
+ {"popen", io_popen},\r
+ {"read", io_read},\r
+ {"tmpfile", io_tmpfile},\r
+ {"type", io_type},\r
+ {"write", io_write},\r
+ {NULL, NULL}\r
+};\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** methods for file handles\r
+*/\r
+static const luaL_Reg flib[] = {\r
+ {"close", io_close},\r
+ {"flush", f_flush},\r
+ {"lines", f_lines},\r
+ {"read", f_read},\r
+ {"seek", f_seek},\r
+ {"setvbuf", f_setvbuf},\r
+ {"write", f_write},\r
+ {"__gc", f_gc},\r
+ {"__tostring", f_tostring},\r
+ {NULL, NULL}\r
+};\r
+\r
+\r
+static void createmeta (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_newmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE); /* create metatable for file handles */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* push metatable */\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* metatable.__index = metatable */\r
+ luaL_setfuncs(L, flib, 0); /* add file methods to new metatable */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop new metatable */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** function to (not) close the standard files stdin, stdout, and stderr\r
+*/\r
+static int io_noclose (lua_State *L) {\r
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);\r
+ p->closef = &io_noclose; /* keep file opened */\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot close standard file");\r
+ return 2;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void createstdfile (lua_State *L, FILE *f, const char *k,\r
+ const char *fname) {\r
+ LStream *p = newprefile(L);\r
+ p->f = f;\r
+ p->closef = &io_noclose;\r
+ if (k != NULL) {\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, k); /* add file to registry */\r
+ }\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fname); /* add file to module */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_io (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_newlib(L, iolib); /* new module */\r
+ createmeta(L);\r
+ /* create (and set) default files */\r
+ createstdfile(L, stdin, IO_INPUT, "stdin");\r
+ createstdfile(L, stdout, IO_OUTPUT, "stdout");\r
+ createstdfile(L, stderr, NULL, "stderr");\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: llex.c,v 2.63.1.2 2013/08/30 15:49:41 roberto Exp $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define llex_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+#define next(ls) (ls->current = zgetc(ls->z))
+
+
+
+#define currIsNewline(ls) (ls->current == '\n' || ls->current == '\r')
+
+
+/* ORDER RESERVED */
+static const char *const luaX_tokens [] = {
+ "and", "break", "do", "else", "elseif",
+ "end", "false", "for", "function", "goto", "if",
+ "in", "local", "nil", "not", "or", "repeat",
+ "return", "then", "true", "until", "while",
+ "..", "...", "==", ">=", "<=", "~=", "::", "<eof>",
+ "<number>", "<name>", "<string>"
+};
+
+
+#define save_and_next(ls) (save(ls, ls->current), next(ls))
+
+
+static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token);
+
+
+static void save (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ Mbuffer *b = ls->buff;
+ if (luaZ_bufflen(b) + 1 > luaZ_sizebuffer(b)) {
+ size_t newsize;
+ if (luaZ_sizebuffer(b) >= MAX_SIZET/2)
+ lexerror(ls, "lexical element too long", 0);
+ newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(b) * 2;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, b, newsize);
+ }
+ b->buffer[luaZ_bufflen(b)++] = cast(char, c);
+}
+
+
+void luaX_init (lua_State *L) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<NUM_RESERVED; i++) {
+ TString *ts = luaS_new(L, luaX_tokens[i]);
+ luaS_fix(ts); /* reserved words are never collected */
+ ts->tsv.extra = cast_byte(i+1); /* reserved word */
+ }
+}
+
+
+const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token) {
+ if (token < FIRST_RESERVED) { /* single-byte symbols? */
+ lua_assert(token == cast(unsigned char, token));
+ return (lisprint(token)) ? luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QL("%c"), token) :
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "char(%d)", token);
+ }
+ else {
+ const char *s = luaX_tokens[token - FIRST_RESERVED];
+ if (token < TK_EOS) /* fixed format (symbols and reserved words)? */
+ return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QS, s);
+ else /* names, strings, and numerals */
+ return s;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *txtToken (LexState *ls, int token) {
+ switch (token) {
+ case TK_NAME:
+ case TK_STRING:
+ case TK_NUMBER:
+ save(ls, '\0');
+ return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QS, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff));
+ default:
+ return luaX_token2str(ls, token);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token) {
+ char buff[LUA_IDSIZE];
+ luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(ls->source), LUA_IDSIZE);
+ msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, ls->linenumber, msg);
+ if (token)
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s near %s", msg, txtToken(ls, token));
+ luaD_throw(ls->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
+ lexerror(ls, msg, ls->t.token);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** creates a new string and anchors it in function's table so that
+** it will not be collected until the end of the function's compilation
+** (by that time it should be anchored in function's prototype)
+*/
+TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ TValue *o; /* entry for `str' */
+ TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, str, l); /* create new string */
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top++, ts); /* temporarily anchor it in stack */
+ o = luaH_set(L, ls->fs->h, L->top - 1);
+ if (ttisnil(o)) { /* not in use yet? (see 'addK') */
+ /* boolean value does not need GC barrier;
+ table has no metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
+ setbvalue(o, 1); /* t[string] = true */
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ }
+ else { /* string already present */
+ ts = rawtsvalue(keyfromval(o)); /* re-use value previously stored */
+ }
+ L->top--; /* remove string from stack */
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** increment line number and skips newline sequence (any of
+** \n, \r, \n\r, or \r\n)
+*/
+static void inclinenumber (LexState *ls) {
+ int old = ls->current;
+ lua_assert(currIsNewline(ls));
+ next(ls); /* skip `\n' or `\r' */
+ if (currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != old)
+ next(ls); /* skip `\n\r' or `\r\n' */
+ if (++ls->linenumber >= MAX_INT)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "chunk has too many lines");
+}
+
+
+void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source,
+ int firstchar) {
+ ls->decpoint = '.';
+ ls->L = L;
+ ls->current = firstchar;
+ ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS; /* no look-ahead token */
+ ls->z = z;
+ ls->fs = NULL;
+ ls->linenumber = 1;
+ ls->lastline = 1;
+ ls->source = source;
+ ls->envn = luaS_new(L, LUA_ENV); /* create env name */
+ luaS_fix(ls->envn); /* never collect this name */
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, ls->buff, LUA_MINBUFFER); /* initialize buffer */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** =======================================================
+** LEXICAL ANALYZER
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+
+static int check_next (LexState *ls, const char *set) {
+ if (ls->current == '\0' || !strchr(set, ls->current))
+ return 0;
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** change all characters 'from' in buffer to 'to'
+*/
+static void buffreplace (LexState *ls, char from, char to) {
+ size_t n = luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff);
+ char *p = luaZ_buffer(ls->buff);
+ while (n--)
+ if (p[n] == from) p[n] = to;
+}
+
+
+#if !defined(getlocaledecpoint)
+#define getlocaledecpoint() (localeconv()->decimal_point[0])
+#endif
+
+
+#define buff2d(b,e) luaO_str2d(luaZ_buffer(b), luaZ_bufflen(b) - 1, e)
+
+/*
+** in case of format error, try to change decimal point separator to
+** the one defined in the current locale and check again
+*/
+static void trydecpoint (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ char old = ls->decpoint;
+ ls->decpoint = getlocaledecpoint();
+ buffreplace(ls, old, ls->decpoint); /* try new decimal separator */
+ if (!buff2d(ls->buff, &seminfo->r)) {
+ /* format error with correct decimal point: no more options */
+ buffreplace(ls, ls->decpoint, '.'); /* undo change (for error message) */
+ lexerror(ls, "malformed number", TK_NUMBER);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* LUA_NUMBER */
+/*
+** this function is quite liberal in what it accepts, as 'luaO_str2d'
+** will reject ill-formed numerals.
+*/
+static void read_numeral (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ const char *expo = "Ee";
+ int first = ls->current;
+ lua_assert(lisdigit(ls->current));
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ if (first == '0' && check_next(ls, "Xx")) /* hexadecimal? */
+ expo = "Pp";
+ for (;;) {
+ if (check_next(ls, expo)) /* exponent part? */
+ check_next(ls, "+-"); /* optional exponent sign */
+ if (lisxdigit(ls->current) || ls->current == '.')
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ else break;
+ }
+ save(ls, '\0');
+ buffreplace(ls, '.', ls->decpoint); /* follow locale for decimal point */
+ if (!buff2d(ls->buff, &seminfo->r)) /* format error? */
+ trydecpoint(ls, seminfo); /* try to update decimal point separator */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** skip a sequence '[=*[' or ']=*]' and return its number of '='s or
+** -1 if sequence is malformed
+*/
+static int skip_sep (LexState *ls) {
+ int count = 0;
+ int s = ls->current;
+ lua_assert(s == '[' || s == ']');
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ while (ls->current == '=') {
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ count++;
+ }
+ return (ls->current == s) ? count : (-count) - 1;
+}
+
+
+static void read_long_string (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo, int sep) {
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `[' */
+ if (currIsNewline(ls)) /* string starts with a newline? */
+ inclinenumber(ls); /* skip it */
+ for (;;) {
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case EOZ:
+ lexerror(ls, (seminfo) ? "unfinished long string" :
+ "unfinished long comment", TK_EOS);
+ break; /* to avoid warnings */
+ case ']': {
+ if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) {
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `]' */
+ goto endloop;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case '\n': case '\r': {
+ save(ls, '\n');
+ inclinenumber(ls);
+ if (!seminfo) luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* avoid wasting space */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (seminfo) save_and_next(ls);
+ else next(ls);
+ }
+ }
+ } endloop:
+ if (seminfo)
+ seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + (2 + sep),
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2*(2 + sep));
+}
+
+
+static void escerror (LexState *ls, int *c, int n, const char *msg) {
+ int i;
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* prepare error message */
+ save(ls, '\\');
+ for (i = 0; i < n && c[i] != EOZ; i++)
+ save(ls, c[i]);
+ lexerror(ls, msg, TK_STRING);
+}
+
+
+static int readhexaesc (LexState *ls) {
+ int c[3], i; /* keep input for error message */
+ int r = 0; /* result accumulator */
+ c[0] = 'x'; /* for error message */
+ for (i = 1; i < 3; i++) { /* read two hexadecimal digits */
+ c[i] = next(ls);
+ if (!lisxdigit(c[i]))
+ escerror(ls, c, i + 1, "hexadecimal digit expected");
+ r = (r << 4) + luaO_hexavalue(c[i]);
+ }
+ return r;
+}
+
+
+static int readdecesc (LexState *ls) {
+ int c[3], i;
+ int r = 0; /* result accumulator */
+ for (i = 0; i < 3 && lisdigit(ls->current); i++) { /* read up to 3 digits */
+ c[i] = ls->current;
+ r = 10*r + c[i] - '0';
+ next(ls);
+ }
+ if (r > UCHAR_MAX)
+ escerror(ls, c, i, "decimal escape too large");
+ return r;
+}
+
+
+static void read_string (LexState *ls, int del, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ save_and_next(ls); /* keep delimiter (for error messages) */
+ while (ls->current != del) {
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case EOZ:
+ lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_EOS);
+ break; /* to avoid warnings */
+ case '\n':
+ case '\r':
+ lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_STRING);
+ break; /* to avoid warnings */
+ case '\\': { /* escape sequences */
+ int c; /* final character to be saved */
+ next(ls); /* do not save the `\' */
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case 'a': c = '\a'; goto read_save;
+ case 'b': c = '\b'; goto read_save;
+ case 'f': c = '\f'; goto read_save;
+ case 'n': c = '\n'; goto read_save;
+ case 'r': c = '\r'; goto read_save;
+ case 't': c = '\t'; goto read_save;
+ case 'v': c = '\v'; goto read_save;
+ case 'x': c = readhexaesc(ls); goto read_save;
+ case '\n': case '\r':
+ inclinenumber(ls); c = '\n'; goto only_save;
+ case '\\': case '\"': case '\'':
+ c = ls->current; goto read_save;
+ case EOZ: goto no_save; /* will raise an error next loop */
+ case 'z': { /* zap following span of spaces */
+ next(ls); /* skip the 'z' */
+ while (lisspace(ls->current)) {
+ if (currIsNewline(ls)) inclinenumber(ls);
+ else next(ls);
+ }
+ goto no_save;
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (!lisdigit(ls->current))
+ escerror(ls, &ls->current, 1, "invalid escape sequence");
+ /* digital escape \ddd */
+ c = readdecesc(ls);
+ goto only_save;
+ }
+ }
+ read_save: next(ls); /* read next character */
+ only_save: save(ls, c); /* save 'c' */
+ no_save: break;
+ }
+ default:
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ }
+ }
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip delimiter */
+ seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + 1,
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2);
+}
+
+
+static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);
+ for (;;) {
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case '\n': case '\r': { /* line breaks */
+ inclinenumber(ls);
+ break;
+ }
+ case ' ': case '\f': case '\t': case '\v': { /* spaces */
+ next(ls);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '-': { /* '-' or '--' (comment) */
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '-') return '-';
+ /* else is a comment */
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current == '[') { /* long comment? */
+ int sep = skip_sep(ls);
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* `skip_sep' may dirty the buffer */
+ if (sep >= 0) {
+ read_long_string(ls, NULL, sep); /* skip long comment */
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* previous call may dirty the buff. */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ /* else short comment */
+ while (!currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != EOZ)
+ next(ls); /* skip until end of line (or end of file) */
+ break;
+ }
+ case '[': { /* long string or simply '[' */
+ int sep = skip_sep(ls);
+ if (sep >= 0) {
+ read_long_string(ls, seminfo, sep);
+ return TK_STRING;
+ }
+ else if (sep == -1) return '[';
+ else lexerror(ls, "invalid long string delimiter", TK_STRING);
+ }
+ case '=': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '=';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_EQ; }
+ }
+ case '<': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '<';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_LE; }
+ }
+ case '>': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '>';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_GE; }
+ }
+ case '~': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '~';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_NE; }
+ }
+ case ':': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != ':') return ':';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_DBCOLON; }
+ }
+ case '"': case '\'': { /* short literal strings */
+ read_string(ls, ls->current, seminfo);
+ return TK_STRING;
+ }
+ case '.': { /* '.', '..', '...', or number */
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ if (check_next(ls, ".")) {
+ if (check_next(ls, "."))
+ return TK_DOTS; /* '...' */
+ else return TK_CONCAT; /* '..' */
+ }
+ else if (!lisdigit(ls->current)) return '.';
+ /* else go through */
+ }
+ case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+ case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': {
+ read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
+ return TK_NUMBER;
+ }
+ case EOZ: {
+ return TK_EOS;
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (lislalpha(ls->current)) { /* identifier or reserved word? */
+ TString *ts;
+ do {
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ } while (lislalnum(ls->current));
+ ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff),
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff));
+ seminfo->ts = ts;
+ if (isreserved(ts)) /* reserved word? */
+ return ts->tsv.extra - 1 + FIRST_RESERVED;
+ else {
+ return TK_NAME;
+ }
+ }
+ else { /* single-char tokens (+ - / ...) */
+ int c = ls->current;
+ next(ls);
+ return c;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaX_next (LexState *ls) {
+ ls->lastline = ls->linenumber;
+ if (ls->lookahead.token != TK_EOS) { /* is there a look-ahead token? */
+ ls->t = ls->lookahead; /* use this one */
+ ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS; /* and discharge it */
+ }
+ else
+ ls->t.token = llex(ls, &ls->t.seminfo); /* read next token */
+}
+
+
+int luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls) {
+ lua_assert(ls->lookahead.token == TK_EOS);
+ ls->lookahead.token = llex(ls, &ls->lookahead.seminfo);
+ return ls->lookahead.token;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: llex.h,v 1.72.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llex_h
+#define llex_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+#define FIRST_RESERVED 257
+
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER RESERVED"
+*/
+enum RESERVED {
+ /* terminal symbols denoted by reserved words */
+ TK_AND = FIRST_RESERVED, TK_BREAK,
+ TK_DO, TK_ELSE, TK_ELSEIF, TK_END, TK_FALSE, TK_FOR, TK_FUNCTION,
+ TK_GOTO, TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR, TK_REPEAT,
+ TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE,
+ /* other terminal symbols */
+ TK_CONCAT, TK_DOTS, TK_EQ, TK_GE, TK_LE, TK_NE, TK_DBCOLON, TK_EOS,
+ TK_NUMBER, TK_NAME, TK_STRING
+};
+
+/* number of reserved words */
+#define NUM_RESERVED (cast(int, TK_WHILE-FIRST_RESERVED+1))
+
+
+typedef union {
+ lua_Number r;
+ TString *ts;
+} SemInfo; /* semantics information */
+
+
+typedef struct Token {
+ int token;
+ SemInfo seminfo;
+} Token;
+
+
+/* state of the lexer plus state of the parser when shared by all
+ functions */
+typedef struct LexState {
+ int current; /* current character (charint) */
+ int linenumber; /* input line counter */
+ int lastline; /* line of last token `consumed' */
+ Token t; /* current token */
+ Token lookahead; /* look ahead token */
+ struct FuncState *fs; /* current function (parser) */
+ struct lua_State *L;
+ ZIO *z; /* input stream */
+ Mbuffer *buff; /* buffer for tokens */
+ struct Dyndata *dyd; /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+ TString *source; /* current source name */
+ TString *envn; /* environment variable name */
+ char decpoint; /* locale decimal point */
+} LexState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_init (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z,
+ TString *source, int firstchar);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_next (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *s);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: llimits.h,v 1.103.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Limits, basic types, and some other `installation-dependent' definitions
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llimits_h
+#define llimits_h
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+typedef unsigned LUA_INT32 lu_int32;
+
+typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem;
+
+typedef LUAI_MEM l_mem;
+
+
+
+/* chars used as small naturals (so that `char' is reserved for characters) */
+typedef unsigned char lu_byte;
+
+
+#define MAX_SIZET ((size_t)(~(size_t)0)-2)
+
+#define MAX_LUMEM ((lu_mem)(~(lu_mem)0)-2)
+
+#define MAX_LMEM ((l_mem) ((MAX_LUMEM >> 1) - 2))
+
+
+#define MAX_INT (INT_MAX-2) /* maximum value of an int (-2 for safety) */
+
+/*
+** conversion of pointer to integer
+** this is for hashing only; there is no problem if the integer
+** cannot hold the whole pointer value
+*/
+#define IntPoint(p) ((unsigned int)(lu_mem)(p))
+
+
+
+/* type to ensure maximum alignment */
+#if !defined(LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T)
+#define LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T union { double u; void *s; long l; }
+#endif
+
+typedef LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T L_Umaxalign;
+
+
+/* result of a `usual argument conversion' over lua_Number */
+typedef LUAI_UACNUMBER l_uacNumber;
+
+
+/* internal assertions for in-house debugging */
+#if defined(lua_assert)
+#define check_exp(c,e) (lua_assert(c), (e))
+/* to avoid problems with conditions too long */
+#define lua_longassert(c) { if (!(c)) lua_assert(0); }
+#else
+#define lua_assert(c) ((void)0)
+#define check_exp(c,e) (e)
+#define lua_longassert(c) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** assertion for checking API calls
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_apicheck)
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK)
+#include <assert.h>
+#define luai_apicheck(L,e) assert(e)
+#else
+#define luai_apicheck(L,e) lua_assert(e)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+#define api_check(l,e,msg) luai_apicheck(l,(e) && msg)
+
+
+#if !defined(UNUSED)
+#define UNUSED(x) ((void)(x)) /* to avoid warnings */
+#endif
+
+
+#define cast(t, exp) ((t)(exp))
+
+#define cast_byte(i) cast(lu_byte, (i))
+#define cast_num(i) cast(lua_Number, (i))
+#define cast_int(i) cast(int, (i))
+#define cast_uchar(i) cast(unsigned char, (i))
+
+
+/*
+** non-return type
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define l_noret void __attribute__((noreturn))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define l_noret void __declspec(noreturn)
+#else
+#define l_noret void
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** maximum depth for nested C calls and syntactical nested non-terminals
+** in a program. (Value must fit in an unsigned short int.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS 200
+#endif
+
+/*
+** maximum number of upvalues in a closure (both C and Lua). (Value
+** must fit in an unsigned char.)
+*/
+#define MAXUPVAL UCHAR_MAX
+
+
+/*
+** type for virtual-machine instructions
+** must be an unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes (see details in lopcodes.h)
+*/
+typedef lu_int32 Instruction;
+
+
+
+/* maximum stack for a Lua function */
+#define MAXSTACK 250
+
+
+
+/* minimum size for the string table (must be power of 2) */
+#if !defined(MINSTRTABSIZE)
+#define MINSTRTABSIZE 32
+#endif
+
+
+/* minimum size for string buffer */
+#if !defined(LUA_MINBUFFER)
+#define LUA_MINBUFFER 32
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(lua_lock)
+#define lua_lock(L) ((void) 0)
+#define lua_unlock(L) ((void) 0)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_threadyield)
+#define luai_threadyield(L) {lua_unlock(L); lua_lock(L);}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** these macros allow user-specific actions on threads when you defined
+** LUAI_EXTRASPACE and need to do something extra when a thread is
+** created/deleted/resumed/yielded.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_userstateopen)
+#define luai_userstateopen(L) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateclose)
+#define luai_userstateclose(L) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstatethread)
+#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstatefree)
+#define luai_userstatefree(L,L1) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateresume)
+#define luai_userstateresume(L,n) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateyield)
+#define luai_userstateyield(L,n) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** lua_number2int is a macro to convert lua_Number to int.
+** lua_number2integer is a macro to convert lua_Number to lua_Integer.
+** lua_number2unsigned is a macro to convert a lua_Number to a lua_Unsigned.
+** lua_unsigned2number is a macro to convert a lua_Unsigned to a lua_Number.
+** luai_hashnum is a macro to hash a lua_Number value into an integer.
+** The hash must be deterministic and give reasonable values for
+** both small and large values (outside the range of integers).
+*/
+
+#if defined(MS_ASMTRICK) || defined(LUA_MSASMTRICK) /* { */
+/* trick with Microsoft assembler for X86 */
+
+#define lua_number2int(i,n) __asm {__asm fld n __asm fistp i}
+#define lua_number2integer(i,n) lua_number2int(i, n)
+#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n) \
+ {__int64 l; __asm {__asm fld n __asm fistp l} i = (unsigned int)l;}
+
+
+#elif defined(LUA_IEEE754TRICK) /* }{ */
+/* the next trick should work on any machine using IEEE754 with
+ a 32-bit int type */
+
+union luai_Cast { double l_d; LUA_INT32 l_p[2]; };
+
+#if !defined(LUA_IEEEENDIAN) /* { */
+#define LUAI_EXTRAIEEE \
+ static const union luai_Cast ieeeendian = {-(33.0 + 6755399441055744.0)};
+#define LUA_IEEEENDIANLOC (ieeeendian.l_p[1] == 33)
+#else
+#define LUA_IEEEENDIANLOC LUA_IEEEENDIAN
+#define LUAI_EXTRAIEEE /* empty */
+#endif /* } */
+
+#define lua_number2int32(i,n,t) \
+ { LUAI_EXTRAIEEE \
+ volatile union luai_Cast u; u.l_d = (n) + 6755399441055744.0; \
+ (i) = (t)u.l_p[LUA_IEEEENDIANLOC]; }
+
+#define luai_hashnum(i,n) \
+ { volatile union luai_Cast u; u.l_d = (n) + 1.0; /* avoid -0 */ \
+ (i) = u.l_p[0]; (i) += u.l_p[1]; } /* add double bits for his hash */
+
+#define lua_number2int(i,n) lua_number2int32(i, n, int)
+#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n) lua_number2int32(i, n, lua_Unsigned)
+
+/* the trick can be expanded to lua_Integer when it is a 32-bit value */
+#if defined(LUA_IEEELL)
+#define lua_number2integer(i,n) lua_number2int32(i, n, lua_Integer)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+/* the following definitions always work, but may be slow */
+
+#if !defined(lua_number2int)
+#define lua_number2int(i,n) ((i)=(int)(n))
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(lua_number2integer)
+#define lua_number2integer(i,n) ((i)=(lua_Integer)(n))
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(lua_number2unsigned) /* { */
+/* the following definition assures proper modulo behavior */
+#if defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE) || defined(LUA_NUMBER_FLOAT)
+#include <math.h>
+#define SUPUNSIGNED ((lua_Number)(~(lua_Unsigned)0) + 1)
+#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n) \
+ ((i)=(lua_Unsigned)((n) - floor((n)/SUPUNSIGNED)*SUPUNSIGNED))
+#else
+#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n) ((i)=(lua_Unsigned)(n))
+#endif
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+#if !defined(lua_unsigned2number)
+/* on several machines, coercion from unsigned to double is slow,
+ so it may be worth to avoid */
+#define lua_unsigned2number(u) \
+ (((u) <= (lua_Unsigned)INT_MAX) ? (lua_Number)(int)(u) : (lua_Number)(u))
+#endif
+
+
+
+#if defined(ltable_c) && !defined(luai_hashnum)
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#define luai_hashnum(i,n) { int e; \
+ n = l_mathop(frexp)(n, &e) * (lua_Number)(INT_MAX - DBL_MAX_EXP); \
+ lua_number2int(i, n); i += e; }
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** macro to control inclusion of some hard tests on stack reallocation
+*/
+#if !defined(HARDSTACKTESTS)
+#define condmovestack(L) ((void)0)
+#else
+/* realloc stack keeping its size */
+#define condmovestack(L) luaD_reallocstack((L), (L)->stacksize)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
+#define condchangemem(L) condmovestack(L)
+#else
+#define condchangemem(L) \
+ ((void)(!(G(L)->gcrunning) || (luaC_fullgc(L, 0), 1)))
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: lmathlib.c,v 1.83.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Standard mathematical library\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <stdlib.h>\r
+#include <math.h>\r
+\r
+#define lmathlib_c\r
+#define LUA_LIB\r
+\r
+#include "lua.h"\r
+\r
+#include "lauxlib.h"\r
+#include "lualib.h"\r
+\r
+\r
+#undef PI\r
+#define PI ((lua_Number)(3.1415926535897932384626433832795))\r
+#define RADIANS_PER_DEGREE ((lua_Number)(PI/180.0))\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+static int math_abs (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(fabs)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_sin (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_sinh (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sinh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_cos (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(cos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_cosh (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(cosh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_tan (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(tan)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_tanh (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(tanh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_asin (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(asin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_acos (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(acos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_atan (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(atan)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_atan2 (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(atan2)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),\r
+ luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_ceil (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(ceil)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_floor (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(floor)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_fmod (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(fmod)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),\r
+ luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_modf (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_Number ip;\r
+ lua_Number fp = l_mathop(modf)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &ip);\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, ip);\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, fp);\r
+ return 2;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_sqrt (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sqrt)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_pow (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);\r
+ lua_Number y = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(pow)(x, y));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_log (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);\r
+ lua_Number res;\r
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))\r
+ res = l_mathop(log)(x);\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_Number base = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);\r
+ if (base == (lua_Number)10.0) res = l_mathop(log10)(x);\r
+ else res = l_mathop(log)(x)/l_mathop(log)(base);\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, res);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOG10)\r
+static int math_log10 (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(log10)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+static int math_exp (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(exp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_deg (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)/RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_rad (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)*RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_frexp (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int e;\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(frexp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &e));\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, e);\r
+ return 2;\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int math_ldexp (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);\r
+ int ep = luaL_checkint(L, 2);\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(ldexp)(x, ep));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+static int math_min (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */\r
+ lua_Number dmin = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);\r
+ int i;\r
+ for (i=2; i<=n; i++) {\r
+ lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i);\r
+ if (d < dmin)\r
+ dmin = d;\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, dmin);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int math_max (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */\r
+ lua_Number dmax = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);\r
+ int i;\r
+ for (i=2; i<=n; i++) {\r
+ lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i);\r
+ if (d > dmax)\r
+ dmax = d;\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, dmax);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int math_random (lua_State *L) {\r
+ /* the `%' avoids the (rare) case of r==1, and is needed also because on\r
+ some systems (SunOS!) `rand()' may return a value larger than RAND_MAX */\r
+ lua_Number r = (lua_Number)(rand()%RAND_MAX) / (lua_Number)RAND_MAX;\r
+ switch (lua_gettop(L)) { /* check number of arguments */\r
+ case 0: { /* no arguments */\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, r); /* Number between 0 and 1 */\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case 1: { /* only upper limit */\r
+ lua_Number u = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Number)1.0 <= u, 1, "interval is empty");\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(floor)(r*u) + (lua_Number)(1.0)); /* [1, u] */\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case 2: { /* lower and upper limits */\r
+ lua_Number l = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);\r
+ lua_Number u = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, l <= u, 2, "interval is empty");\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(floor)(r*(u-l+1)) + l); /* [l, u] */\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ default: return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments");\r
+ }\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int math_randomseed (lua_State *L) {\r
+ srand(luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1));\r
+ (void)rand(); /* discard first value to avoid undesirable correlations */\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const luaL_Reg mathlib[] = {\r
+ {"abs", math_abs},\r
+ {"acos", math_acos},\r
+ {"asin", math_asin},\r
+ {"atan2", math_atan2},\r
+ {"atan", math_atan},\r
+ {"ceil", math_ceil},\r
+ {"cosh", math_cosh},\r
+ {"cos", math_cos},\r
+ {"deg", math_deg},\r
+ {"exp", math_exp},\r
+ {"floor", math_floor},\r
+ {"fmod", math_fmod},\r
+ {"frexp", math_frexp},\r
+ {"ldexp", math_ldexp},\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOG10)\r
+ {"log10", math_log10},\r
+#endif\r
+ {"log", math_log},\r
+ {"max", math_max},\r
+ {"min", math_min},\r
+ {"modf", math_modf},\r
+ {"pow", math_pow},\r
+ {"rad", math_rad},\r
+ {"random", math_random},\r
+ {"randomseed", math_randomseed},\r
+ {"sinh", math_sinh},\r
+ {"sin", math_sin},\r
+ {"sqrt", math_sqrt},\r
+ {"tanh", math_tanh},\r
+ {"tan", math_tan},\r
+ {NULL, NULL}\r
+};\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Open math library\r
+*/\r
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_math (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_newlib(L, mathlib);\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, PI);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "pi");\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, HUGE_VAL);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "huge");\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.c,v 1.84.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lmem_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+/*
+** About the realloc function:
+** void * frealloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+** (`osize' is the old size, `nsize' is the new size)
+**
+** * frealloc(ud, NULL, x, s) creates a new block of size `s' (no
+** matter 'x').
+**
+** * frealloc(ud, p, x, 0) frees the block `p'
+** (in this specific case, frealloc must return NULL);
+** particularly, frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, 0) does nothing
+** (which is equivalent to free(NULL) in ANSI C)
+**
+** frealloc returns NULL if it cannot create or reallocate the area
+** (any reallocation to an equal or smaller size cannot fail!)
+*/
+
+
+
+#define MINSIZEARRAY 4
+
+
+void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size, size_t size_elems,
+ int limit, const char *what) {
+ void *newblock;
+ int newsize;
+ if (*size >= limit/2) { /* cannot double it? */
+ if (*size >= limit) /* cannot grow even a little? */
+ luaG_runerror(L, "too many %s (limit is %d)", what, limit);
+ newsize = limit; /* still have at least one free place */
+ }
+ else {
+ newsize = (*size)*2;
+ if (newsize < MINSIZEARRAY)
+ newsize = MINSIZEARRAY; /* minimum size */
+ }
+ newblock = luaM_reallocv(L, block, *size, newsize, size_elems);
+ *size = newsize; /* update only when everything else is OK */
+ return newblock;
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaM_toobig (lua_State *L) {
+ luaG_runerror(L, "memory allocation error: block too big");
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** generic allocation routine.
+*/
+void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+ void *newblock;
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ size_t realosize = (block) ? osize : 0;
+ lua_assert((realosize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+#if defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
+ if (nsize > realosize && g->gcrunning)
+ luaC_fullgc(L, 1); /* force a GC whenever possible */
+#endif
+ newblock = (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, nsize);
+ if (newblock == NULL && nsize > 0) {
+ api_check(L, nsize > realosize,
+ "realloc cannot fail when shrinking a block");
+ if (g->gcrunning) {
+ luaC_fullgc(L, 1); /* try to free some memory... */
+ newblock = (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, nsize); /* try again */
+ }
+ if (newblock == NULL)
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM);
+ }
+ lua_assert((nsize == 0) == (newblock == NULL));
+ g->GCdebt = (g->GCdebt + nsize) - realosize;
+ return newblock;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.h,v 1.40.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lmem_h
+#define lmem_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** This macro avoids the runtime division MAX_SIZET/(e), as 'e' is
+** always constant.
+** The macro is somewhat complex to avoid warnings:
+** +1 avoids warnings of "comparison has constant result";
+** cast to 'void' avoids warnings of "value unused".
+*/
+#define luaM_reallocv(L,b,on,n,e) \
+ (cast(void, \
+ (cast(size_t, (n)+1) > MAX_SIZET/(e)) ? (luaM_toobig(L), 0) : 0), \
+ luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (on)*(e), (n)*(e)))
+
+#define luaM_freemem(L, b, s) luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (s), 0)
+#define luaM_free(L, b) luaM_realloc_(L, (b), sizeof(*(b)), 0)
+#define luaM_freearray(L, b, n) luaM_reallocv(L, (b), n, 0, sizeof((b)[0]))
+
+#define luaM_malloc(L,s) luaM_realloc_(L, NULL, 0, (s))
+#define luaM_new(L,t) cast(t *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeof(t)))
+#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t) \
+ cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, NULL, 0, n, sizeof(t)))
+
+#define luaM_newobject(L,tag,s) luaM_realloc_(L, NULL, tag, (s))
+
+#define luaM_growvector(L,v,nelems,size,t,limit,e) \
+ if ((nelems)+1 > (size)) \
+ ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_growaux_(L,v,&(size),sizeof(t),limit,e)))
+
+#define luaM_reallocvector(L, v,oldn,n,t) \
+ ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, v, oldn, n, sizeof(t))))
+
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaM_toobig (lua_State *L);
+
+/* not to be called directly */
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
+ size_t size);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size,
+ size_t size_elem, int limit,
+ const char *what);
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: loadlib.c,v 1.111.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Dynamic library loader for Lua\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+**\r
+** This module contains an implementation of loadlib for Unix systems\r
+** that have dlfcn, an implementation for Windows, and a stub for other\r
+** systems.\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** if needed, includes windows header before everything else\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(UEFI_C_SOURCE) && !defined(_DOS_WATCOM)\r
+#include <windows.h>\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <stdlib.h>\r
+#include <string.h>\r
+\r
+\r
+#define loadlib_c\r
+#define LUA_LIB\r
+\r
+#include "lua.h"\r
+\r
+#include "lauxlib.h"\r
+#include "lualib.h"\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** LUA_PATH and LUA_CPATH are the names of the environment\r
+** variables that Lua check to set its paths.\r
+*/\r
+#if !defined(LUA_PATH)\r
+#define LUA_PATH "LUA_PATH"\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+#if !defined(LUA_CPATH)\r
+#define LUA_CPATH "LUA_CPATH"\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+#define LUA_PATHSUFFIX "_" LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "_" LUA_VERSION_MINOR\r
+\r
+#define LUA_PATHVERSION LUA_PATH LUA_PATHSUFFIX\r
+#define LUA_CPATHVERSION LUA_CPATH LUA_PATHSUFFIX\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** LUA_PATH_SEP is the character that separates templates in a path.\r
+** LUA_PATH_MARK is the string that marks the substitution points in a\r
+** template.\r
+** LUA_EXEC_DIR in a Windows path is replaced by the executable's\r
+** directory.\r
+** LUA_IGMARK is a mark to ignore all before it when building the\r
+** luaopen_ function name.\r
+*/\r
+#if !defined (LUA_PATH_SEP)\r
+#define LUA_PATH_SEP ";"\r
+#endif\r
+#if !defined (LUA_PATH_MARK)\r
+#define LUA_PATH_MARK "?"\r
+#endif\r
+#if !defined (LUA_EXEC_DIR)\r
+#define LUA_EXEC_DIR "!"\r
+#endif\r
+#if !defined (LUA_IGMARK)\r
+#define LUA_IGMARK "-"\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** LUA_CSUBSEP is the character that replaces dots in submodule names\r
+** when searching for a C loader.\r
+** LUA_LSUBSEP is the character that replaces dots in submodule names\r
+** when searching for a Lua loader.\r
+*/\r
+#if !defined(LUA_CSUBSEP)\r
+#define LUA_CSUBSEP LUA_DIRSEP\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+#if !defined(LUA_LSUBSEP)\r
+#define LUA_LSUBSEP LUA_DIRSEP\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+/* prefix for open functions in C libraries */\r
+#define LUA_POF "luaopen_"\r
+\r
+/* separator for open functions in C libraries */\r
+#define LUA_OFSEP "_"\r
+\r
+\r
+/* table (in the registry) that keeps handles for all loaded C libraries */\r
+#define CLIBS "_CLIBS"\r
+\r
+#define LIB_FAIL "open"\r
+\r
+\r
+/* error codes for ll_loadfunc */\r
+#define ERRLIB 1\r
+#define ERRFUNC 2\r
+\r
+#define setprogdir(L) ((void)0)\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** system-dependent functions\r
+*/\r
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib);\r
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb);\r
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym);\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN)\r
+/*\r
+** {========================================================================\r
+** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface.\r
+** The dlfcn interface is available in Linux, SunOS, Solaris, IRIX, FreeBSD,\r
+** NetBSD, AIX 4.2, HPUX 11, and probably most other Unix flavors, at least\r
+** as an emulation layer on top of native functions.\r
+** =========================================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#include <dlfcn.h>\r
+\r
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {\r
+ dlclose(lib);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {\r
+ void *lib = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW | (seeglb ? RTLD_GLOBAL : RTLD_LOCAL));\r
+ if (lib == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());\r
+ return lib;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {\r
+ lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)dlsym(lib, sym);\r
+ if (f == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());\r
+ return f;\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+#elif defined(LUA_DL_DLL)\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================================\r
+** This is an implementation of loadlib for Windows using native functions.\r
+** =======================================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#undef setprogdir\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** optional flags for LoadLibraryEx\r
+*/\r
+#if !defined(LUA_LLE_FLAGS)\r
+#define LUA_LLE_FLAGS 0\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+static void setprogdir (lua_State *L) {\r
+ char buff[MAX_PATH + 1];\r
+ char *lb;\r
+ DWORD nsize = sizeof(buff)/sizeof(char);\r
+ DWORD n = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buff, nsize);\r
+ if (n == 0 || n == nsize || (lb = strrchr(buff, '\\')) == NULL)\r
+ luaL_error(L, "unable to get ModuleFileName");\r
+ else {\r
+ *lb = '\0';\r
+ luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_EXEC_DIR, buff);\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove original string */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void pusherror (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int error = GetLastError();\r
+ char buffer[128];\r
+ if (FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,\r
+ NULL, error, 0, buffer, sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(char), NULL))\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, buffer);\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "system error %d\n", error);\r
+}\r
+\r
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {\r
+ FreeLibrary((HMODULE)lib);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {\r
+ HMODULE lib = LoadLibraryExA(path, NULL, LUA_LLE_FLAGS);\r
+ (void)(seeglb); /* not used: symbols are 'global' by default */\r
+ if (lib == NULL) pusherror(L);\r
+ return lib;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {\r
+ lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)lib, sym);\r
+ if (f == NULL) pusherror(L);\r
+ return f;\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+#else\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Fallback for other systems\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#undef LIB_FAIL\r
+#define LIB_FAIL "absent"\r
+\r
+\r
+#define DLMSG "dynamic libraries not enabled; check your Lua installation"\r
+\r
+\r
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {\r
+ (void)(lib); /* not used */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {\r
+ (void)(path); (void)(seeglb); /* not used */\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);\r
+ return NULL;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {\r
+ (void)(lib); (void)(sym); /* not used */\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);\r
+ return NULL;\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+static void *ll_checkclib (lua_State *L, const char *path) {\r
+ void *plib;\r
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);\r
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, path);\r
+ plib = lua_touserdata(L, -1); /* plib = CLIBS[path] */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* pop CLIBS table and 'plib' */\r
+ return plib;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void ll_addtoclib (lua_State *L, const char *path, void *plib) {\r
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);\r
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, plib);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -3, path); /* CLIBS[path] = plib */\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, luaL_len(L, -2) + 1); /* CLIBS[#CLIBS + 1] = plib */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop CLIBS table */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** __gc tag method for CLIBS table: calls 'll_unloadlib' for all lib\r
+** handles in list CLIBS\r
+*/\r
+static int gctm (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int n = luaL_len(L, 1);\r
+ for (; n >= 1; n--) { /* for each handle, in reverse order */\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, n); /* get handle CLIBS[n] */\r
+ ll_unloadlib(lua_touserdata(L, -1));\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop handle */\r
+ }\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int ll_loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) {\r
+ void *reg = ll_checkclib(L, path); /* check loaded C libraries */\r
+ if (reg == NULL) { /* must load library? */\r
+ reg = ll_load(L, path, *sym == '*');\r
+ if (reg == NULL) return ERRLIB; /* unable to load library */\r
+ ll_addtoclib(L, path, reg);\r
+ }\r
+ if (*sym == '*') { /* loading only library (no function)? */\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* return 'true' */\r
+ return 0; /* no errors */\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_CFunction f = ll_sym(L, reg, sym);\r
+ if (f == NULL)\r
+ return ERRFUNC; /* unable to find function */\r
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, f); /* else create new function */\r
+ return 0; /* no errors */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int ll_loadlib (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *path = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ const char *init = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);\r
+ int stat = ll_loadfunc(L, path, init);\r
+ if (stat == 0) /* no errors? */\r
+ return 1; /* return the loaded function */\r
+ else { /* error; error message is on stack top */\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ lua_insert(L, -2);\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, (stat == ERRLIB) ? LIB_FAIL : "init");\r
+ return 3; /* return nil, error message, and where */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** 'require' function\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+static int readable (const char *filename) {\r
+ FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r"); /* try to open file */\r
+ if (f == NULL) return 0; /* open failed */\r
+ fclose(f);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *pushnexttemplate (lua_State *L, const char *path) {\r
+ const char *l;\r
+ while (*path == *LUA_PATH_SEP) path++; /* skip separators */\r
+ if (*path == '\0') return NULL; /* no more templates */\r
+ l = strchr(path, *LUA_PATH_SEP); /* find next separator */\r
+ if (l == NULL) l = path + strlen(path);\r
+ lua_pushlstring(L, path, l - path); /* template */\r
+ return l;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *searchpath (lua_State *L, const char *name,\r
+ const char *path,\r
+ const char *sep,\r
+ const char *dirsep) {\r
+ luaL_Buffer msg; /* to build error message */\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &msg);\r
+ if (*sep != '\0') /* non-empty separator? */\r
+ name = luaL_gsub(L, name, sep, dirsep); /* replace it by 'dirsep' */\r
+ while ((path = pushnexttemplate(L, path)) != NULL) {\r
+ const char *filename = luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1),\r
+ LUA_PATH_MARK, name);\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove path template */\r
+ if (readable(filename)) /* does file exist and is readable? */\r
+ return filename; /* return that file name */\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno file " LUA_QS, filename);\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove file name */\r
+ luaL_addvalue(&msg); /* concatenate error msg. entry */\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&msg); /* create error message */\r
+ return NULL; /* not found */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int ll_searchpath (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *f = searchpath(L, luaL_checkstring(L, 1),\r
+ luaL_checkstring(L, 2),\r
+ luaL_optstring(L, 3, "."),\r
+ luaL_optstring(L, 4, LUA_DIRSEP));\r
+ if (f != NULL) return 1;\r
+ else { /* error message is on top of the stack */\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ lua_insert(L, -2);\r
+ return 2; /* return nil + error message */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *findfile (lua_State *L, const char *name,\r
+ const char *pname,\r
+ const char *dirsep) {\r
+ const char *path;\r
+ lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), pname);\r
+ path = lua_tostring(L, -1);\r
+ if (path == NULL)\r
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.%s") " must be a string", pname);\r
+ return searchpath(L, name, path, ".", dirsep);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int checkload (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *filename) {\r
+ if (stat) { /* module loaded successfully? */\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, filename); /* will be 2nd argument to module */\r
+ return 2; /* return open function and file name */\r
+ }\r
+ else\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "error loading module " LUA_QS\r
+ " from file " LUA_QS ":\n\t%s",\r
+ lua_tostring(L, 1), filename, lua_tostring(L, -1));\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int searcher_Lua (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *filename;\r
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ filename = findfile(L, name, "path", LUA_LSUBSEP);\r
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* module not found in this path */\r
+ return checkload(L, (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) == LUA_OK), filename);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *filename, const char *modname) {\r
+ const char *funcname;\r
+ const char *mark;\r
+ modname = luaL_gsub(L, modname, ".", LUA_OFSEP);\r
+ mark = strchr(modname, *LUA_IGMARK);\r
+ if (mark) {\r
+ int stat;\r
+ funcname = lua_pushlstring(L, modname, mark - modname);\r
+ funcname = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", funcname);\r
+ stat = ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname);\r
+ if (stat != ERRFUNC) return stat;\r
+ modname = mark + 1; /* else go ahead and try old-style name */\r
+ }\r
+ funcname = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", modname);\r
+ return ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int searcher_C (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ const char *filename = findfile(L, name, "cpath", LUA_CSUBSEP);\r
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* module not found in this path */\r
+ return checkload(L, (loadfunc(L, filename, name) == 0), filename);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int searcher_Croot (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *filename;\r
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ const char *p = strchr(name, '.');\r
+ int stat;\r
+ if (p == NULL) return 0; /* is root */\r
+ lua_pushlstring(L, name, p - name);\r
+ filename = findfile(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), "cpath", LUA_CSUBSEP);\r
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* root not found */\r
+ if ((stat = loadfunc(L, filename, name)) != 0) {\r
+ if (stat != ERRFUNC)\r
+ return checkload(L, 0, filename); /* real error */\r
+ else { /* open function not found */\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno module " LUA_QS " in file " LUA_QS,\r
+ name, filename);\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, filename); /* will be 2nd argument to module */\r
+ return 2;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int searcher_preload (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_PRELOAD");\r
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, name);\r
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* not found? */\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno field package.preload['%s']", name);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void findloader (lua_State *L, const char *name) {\r
+ int i;\r
+ luaL_Buffer msg; /* to build error message */\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &msg);\r
+ lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), "searchers"); /* will be at index 3 */\r
+ if (!lua_istable(L, 3))\r
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.searchers") " must be a table");\r
+ /* iterate over available searchers to find a loader */\r
+ for (i = 1; ; i++) {\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 3, i); /* get a searcher */\r
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* no more searchers? */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove nil */\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&msg); /* create error message */\r
+ luaL_error(L, "module " LUA_QS " not found:%s",\r
+ name, lua_tostring(L, -1));\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);\r
+ lua_call(L, 1, 2); /* call it */\r
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, -2)) /* did it find a loader? */\r
+ return; /* module loader found */\r
+ else if (lua_isstring(L, -2)) { /* searcher returned error message? */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove extra return */\r
+ luaL_addvalue(&msg); /* concatenate error message */\r
+ }\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove both returns */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int ll_require (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 1); /* _LOADED table will be at index 2 */\r
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");\r
+ lua_getfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] */\r
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, -1)) /* is it there? */\r
+ return 1; /* package is already loaded */\r
+ /* else must load package */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove 'getfield' result */\r
+ findloader(L, name);\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, name); /* pass name as argument to module loader */\r
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* name is 1st argument (before search data) */\r
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1); /* run loader to load module */\r
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* non-nil return? */\r
+ lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = returned value */\r
+ lua_getfield(L, 2, name);\r
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* module did not set a value? */\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* use true as result */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* extra copy to be returned */\r
+ lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = true */\r
+ }\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** 'module' function\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** changes the environment variable of calling function\r
+*/\r
+static void set_env (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_Debug ar;\r
+ if (lua_getstack(L, 1, &ar) == 0 ||\r
+ lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar) == 0 || /* get calling function */\r
+ lua_iscfunction(L, -1))\r
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("module") " not called from a Lua function");\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* copy new environment table to top */\r
+ lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1);\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove function */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void dooptions (lua_State *L, int n) {\r
+ int i;\r
+ for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {\r
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, i)) { /* avoid 'calling' extra info. */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* get option (a function) */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* module */\r
+ lua_call(L, 1, 0);\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void modinit (lua_State *L, const char *modname) {\r
+ const char *dot;\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_M"); /* module._M = module */\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, modname);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_NAME");\r
+ dot = strrchr(modname, '.'); /* look for last dot in module name */\r
+ if (dot == NULL) dot = modname;\r
+ else dot++;\r
+ /* set _PACKAGE as package name (full module name minus last part) */\r
+ lua_pushlstring(L, modname, dot - modname);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_PACKAGE");\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int ll_module (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *modname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ int lastarg = lua_gettop(L); /* last parameter */\r
+ luaL_pushmodule(L, modname, 1); /* get/create module table */\r
+ /* check whether table already has a _NAME field */\r
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "_NAME");\r
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* is table an initialized module? */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1);\r
+ else { /* no; initialize it */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1);\r
+ modinit(L, modname);\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);\r
+ set_env(L);\r
+ dooptions(L, lastarg);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int ll_seeall (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {\r
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* create new metatable */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);\r
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 1);\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* mt.__index = _G */\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/* auxiliary mark (for internal use) */\r
+#define AUXMARK "\1"\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** return registry.LUA_NOENV as a boolean\r
+*/\r
+static int noenv (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int b;\r
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");\r
+ b = lua_toboolean(L, -1);\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */\r
+ return b;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname, const char *envname1,\r
+ const char *envname2, const char *def) {\r
+ const char *path = getenv(envname1);\r
+ if (path == NULL) /* no environment variable? */\r
+ path = getenv(envname2); /* try alternative name */\r
+ if (path == NULL || noenv(L)) /* no environment variable? */\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, def); /* use default */\r
+ else {\r
+ /* replace ";;" by ";AUXMARK;" and then AUXMARK by default path */\r
+ path = luaL_gsub(L, path, LUA_PATH_SEP LUA_PATH_SEP,\r
+ LUA_PATH_SEP AUXMARK LUA_PATH_SEP);\r
+ luaL_gsub(L, path, AUXMARK, def);\r
+ lua_remove(L, -2);\r
+ }\r
+ setprogdir(L);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fieldname);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const luaL_Reg pk_funcs[] = {\r
+ {"loadlib", ll_loadlib},\r
+ {"searchpath", ll_searchpath},\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)\r
+ {"seeall", ll_seeall},\r
+#endif\r
+ {NULL, NULL}\r
+};\r
+\r
+\r
+static const luaL_Reg ll_funcs[] = {\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)\r
+ {"module", ll_module},\r
+#endif\r
+ {"require", ll_require},\r
+ {NULL, NULL}\r
+};\r
+\r
+\r
+static void createsearcherstable (lua_State *L) {\r
+ static const lua_CFunction searchers[] =\r
+ {searcher_preload, searcher_Lua, searcher_C, searcher_Croot, NULL};\r
+ int i;\r
+ /* create 'searchers' table */\r
+ lua_createtable(L, sizeof(searchers)/sizeof(searchers[0]) - 1, 0);\r
+ /* fill it with pre-defined searchers */\r
+ for (i=0; searchers[i] != NULL; i++) {\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* set 'package' as upvalue for all searchers */\r
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, searchers[i], 1);\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, i+1);\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_package (lua_State *L) {\r
+ /* create table CLIBS to keep track of loaded C libraries */\r
+ luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);\r
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* metatable for CLIBS */\r
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, gctm);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc"); /* set finalizer for CLIBS table */\r
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);\r
+ /* create `package' table */\r
+ luaL_newlib(L, pk_funcs);\r
+ createsearcherstable(L);\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOADERS)\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* make a copy of 'searchers' table */\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -3, "loaders"); /* put it in field `loaders' */\r
+#endif\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "searchers"); /* put it in field 'searchers' */\r
+ /* set field 'path' */\r
+ setpath(L, "path", LUA_PATHVERSION, LUA_PATH, LUA_PATH_DEFAULT);\r
+ /* set field 'cpath' */\r
+ setpath(L, "cpath", LUA_CPATHVERSION, LUA_CPATH, LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT);\r
+ /* store config information */\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_DIRSEP "\n" LUA_PATH_SEP "\n" LUA_PATH_MARK "\n"\r
+ LUA_EXEC_DIR "\n" LUA_IGMARK "\n");\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "config");\r
+ /* set field `loaded' */\r
+ luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaded");\r
+ /* set field `preload' */\r
+ luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_PRELOAD");\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "preload");\r
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* set 'package' as upvalue for next lib */\r
+ luaL_setfuncs(L, ll_funcs, 1); /* open lib into global table */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop global table */\r
+ return 1; /* return 'package' table */\r
+}\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.c,v 2.58.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Some generic functions over Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lobject_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+LUAI_DDEF const TValue luaO_nilobject_ = {NILCONSTANT};
+
+
+/*
+** converts an integer to a "floating point byte", represented as
+** (eeeeexxx), where the real value is (1xxx) * 2^(eeeee - 1) if
+** eeeee != 0 and (xxx) otherwise.
+*/
+int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x) {
+ int e = 0; /* exponent */
+ if (x < 8) return x;
+ while (x >= 0x10) {
+ x = (x+1) >> 1;
+ e++;
+ }
+ return ((e+1) << 3) | (cast_int(x) - 8);
+}
+
+
+/* converts back */
+int luaO_fb2int (int x) {
+ int e = (x >> 3) & 0x1f;
+ if (e == 0) return x;
+ else return ((x & 7) + 8) << (e - 1);
+}
+
+
+int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x) {
+ static const lu_byte log_2[256] = {
+ 0,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
+ 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
+ 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+ 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8
+ };
+ int l = 0;
+ x--;
+ while (x >= 256) { l += 8; x >>= 8; }
+ return l + log_2[x];
+}
+
+
+lua_Number luaO_arith (int op, lua_Number v1, lua_Number v2) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case LUA_OPADD: return luai_numadd(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPSUB: return luai_numsub(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPMUL: return luai_nummul(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPDIV: return luai_numdiv(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPMOD: return luai_nummod(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPPOW: return luai_numpow(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPUNM: return luai_numunm(NULL, v1);
+ default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaO_hexavalue (int c) {
+ if (lisdigit(c)) return c - '0';
+ else return ltolower(c) - 'a' + 10;
+}
+
+
+#if !defined(lua_strx2number)
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+
+static int isneg (const char **s) {
+ if (**s == '-') { (*s)++; return 1; }
+ else if (**s == '+') (*s)++;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static lua_Number readhexa (const char **s, lua_Number r, int *count) {
+ for (; lisxdigit(cast_uchar(**s)); (*s)++) { /* read integer part */
+ r = (r * cast_num(16.0)) + cast_num(luaO_hexavalue(cast_uchar(**s)));
+ (*count)++;
+ }
+ return r;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** convert an hexadecimal numeric string to a number, following
+** C99 specification for 'strtod'
+*/
+static lua_Number lua_strx2number (const char *s, char **endptr) {
+ lua_Number r = 0.0;
+ int e = 0, i = 0;
+ int neg = 0; /* 1 if number is negative */
+ *endptr = cast(char *, s); /* nothing is valid yet */
+ while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++; /* skip initial spaces */
+ neg = isneg(&s); /* check signal */
+ if (!(*s == '0' && (*(s + 1) == 'x' || *(s + 1) == 'X'))) /* check '0x' */
+ return 0.0; /* invalid format (no '0x') */
+ s += 2; /* skip '0x' */
+ r = readhexa(&s, r, &i); /* read integer part */
+ if (*s == '.') {
+ s++; /* skip dot */
+ r = readhexa(&s, r, &e); /* read fractional part */
+ }
+ if (i == 0 && e == 0)
+ return 0.0; /* invalid format (no digit) */
+ e *= -4; /* each fractional digit divides value by 2^-4 */
+ *endptr = cast(char *, s); /* valid up to here */
+ if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') { /* exponent part? */
+ int exp1 = 0;
+ int neg1;
+ s++; /* skip 'p' */
+ neg1 = isneg(&s); /* signal */
+ if (!lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)))
+ goto ret; /* must have at least one digit */
+ while (lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s))) /* read exponent */
+ exp1 = exp1 * 10 + *(s++) - '0';
+ if (neg1) exp1 = -exp1;
+ e += exp1;
+ }
+ *endptr = cast(char *, s); /* valid up to here */
+ ret:
+ if (neg) r = -r;
+ return l_mathop(ldexp)(r, e);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+int luaO_str2d (const char *s, size_t len, lua_Number *result) {
+ char *endptr;
+ if (strpbrk(s, "nN")) /* reject 'inf' and 'nan' */
+ return 0;
+ else if (strpbrk(s, "xX")) /* hexa? */
+ *result = lua_strx2number(s, &endptr);
+ else
+ *result = lua_str2number(s, &endptr);
+ if (endptr == s) return 0; /* nothing recognized */
+ while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*endptr))) endptr++;
+ return (endptr == s + len); /* OK if no trailing characters */
+}
+
+
+
+static void pushstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top++, luaS_newlstr(L, str, l));
+}
+
+
+/* this function handles only `%d', `%c', %f, %p, and `%s' formats */
+const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
+ int n = 0;
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *e = strchr(fmt, '%');
+ if (e == NULL) break;
+ luaD_checkstack(L, 2); /* fmt + item */
+ pushstr(L, fmt, e - fmt);
+ switch (*(e+1)) {
+ case 's': {
+ const char *s = va_arg(argp, char *);
+ if (s == NULL) s = "(null)";
+ pushstr(L, s, strlen(s));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'c': {
+ char buff;
+ buff = cast(char, va_arg(argp, int));
+ pushstr(L, &buff, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'd': {
+ setnvalue(L->top++, cast_num(va_arg(argp, int)));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'f': {
+ setnvalue(L->top++, cast_num(va_arg(argp, l_uacNumber)));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'p': {
+ char buff[4*sizeof(void *) + 8]; /* should be enough space for a `%p' */
+ int l = sprintf(buff, "%p", va_arg(argp, void *));
+ pushstr(L, buff, l);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '%': {
+ pushstr(L, "%", 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaG_runerror(L,
+ "invalid option " LUA_QL("%%%c") " to " LUA_QL("lua_pushfstring"),
+ *(e + 1));
+ }
+ }
+ n += 2;
+ fmt = e+2;
+ }
+ luaD_checkstack(L, 1);
+ pushstr(L, fmt, strlen(fmt));
+ if (n > 0) luaV_concat(L, n + 1);
+ return svalue(L->top - 1);
+}
+
+
+const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ const char *msg;
+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ return msg;
+}
+
+
+/* number of chars of a literal string without the ending \0 */
+#define LL(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+
+#define RETS "..."
+#define PRE "[string \""
+#define POS "\"]"
+
+#define addstr(a,b,l) ( memcpy(a,b,(l) * sizeof(char)), a += (l) )
+
+void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t bufflen) {
+ size_t l = strlen(source);
+ if (*source == '=') { /* 'literal' source */
+ if (l <= bufflen) /* small enough? */
+ memcpy(out, source + 1, l * sizeof(char));
+ else { /* truncate it */
+ addstr(out, source + 1, bufflen - 1);
+ *out = '\0';
+ }
+ }
+ else if (*source == '@') { /* file name */
+ if (l <= bufflen) /* small enough? */
+ memcpy(out, source + 1, l * sizeof(char));
+ else { /* add '...' before rest of name */
+ addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));
+ bufflen -= LL(RETS);
+ memcpy(out, source + 1 + l - bufflen, bufflen * sizeof(char));
+ }
+ }
+ else { /* string; format as [string "source"] */
+ const char *nl = strchr(source, '\n'); /* find first new line (if any) */
+ addstr(out, PRE, LL(PRE)); /* add prefix */
+ bufflen -= LL(PRE RETS POS) + 1; /* save space for prefix+suffix+'\0' */
+ if (l < bufflen && nl == NULL) { /* small one-line source? */
+ addstr(out, source, l); /* keep it */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (nl != NULL) l = nl - source; /* stop at first newline */
+ if (l > bufflen) l = bufflen;
+ addstr(out, source, l);
+ addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));
+ }
+ memcpy(out, POS, (LL(POS) + 1) * sizeof(char));
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.h,v 2.71.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Type definitions for Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lobject_h
+#define lobject_h
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Extra tags for non-values
+*/
+#define LUA_TPROTO LUA_NUMTAGS
+#define LUA_TUPVAL (LUA_NUMTAGS+1)
+#define LUA_TDEADKEY (LUA_NUMTAGS+2)
+
+/*
+** number of all possible tags (including LUA_TNONE but excluding DEADKEY)
+*/
+#define LUA_TOTALTAGS (LUA_TUPVAL+2)
+
+
+/*
+** tags for Tagged Values have the following use of bits:
+** bits 0-3: actual tag (a LUA_T* value)
+** bits 4-5: variant bits
+** bit 6: whether value is collectable
+*/
+
+#define VARBITS (3 << 4)
+
+
+/*
+** LUA_TFUNCTION variants:
+** 0 - Lua function
+** 1 - light C function
+** 2 - regular C function (closure)
+*/
+
+/* Variant tags for functions */
+#define LUA_TLCL (LUA_TFUNCTION | (0 << 4)) /* Lua closure */
+#define LUA_TLCF (LUA_TFUNCTION | (1 << 4)) /* light C function */
+#define LUA_TCCL (LUA_TFUNCTION | (2 << 4)) /* C closure */
+
+
+/* Variant tags for strings */
+#define LUA_TSHRSTR (LUA_TSTRING | (0 << 4)) /* short strings */
+#define LUA_TLNGSTR (LUA_TSTRING | (1 << 4)) /* long strings */
+
+
+/* Bit mark for collectable types */
+#define BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE (1 << 6)
+
+/* mark a tag as collectable */
+#define ctb(t) ((t) | BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE)
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all collectable objects
+*/
+typedef union GCObject GCObject;
+
+
+/*
+** Common Header for all collectable objects (in macro form, to be
+** included in other objects)
+*/
+#define CommonHeader GCObject *next; lu_byte tt; lu_byte marked
+
+
+/*
+** Common header in struct form
+*/
+typedef struct GCheader {
+ CommonHeader;
+} GCheader;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all Lua values
+*/
+typedef union Value Value;
+
+
+#define numfield lua_Number n; /* numbers */
+
+
+
+/*
+** Tagged Values. This is the basic representation of values in Lua,
+** an actual value plus a tag with its type.
+*/
+
+#define TValuefields Value value_; int tt_
+
+typedef struct lua_TValue TValue;
+
+
+/* macro defining a nil value */
+#define NILCONSTANT {NULL}, LUA_TNIL
+
+
+#define val_(o) ((o)->value_)
+#define num_(o) (val_(o).n)
+
+
+/* raw type tag of a TValue */
+#define rttype(o) ((o)->tt_)
+
+/* tag with no variants (bits 0-3) */
+#define novariant(x) ((x) & 0x0F)
+
+/* type tag of a TValue (bits 0-3 for tags + variant bits 4-5) */
+#define ttype(o) (rttype(o) & 0x3F)
+
+/* type tag of a TValue with no variants (bits 0-3) */
+#define ttypenv(o) (novariant(rttype(o)))
+
+
+/* Macros to test type */
+#define checktag(o,t) (rttype(o) == (t))
+#define checktype(o,t) (ttypenv(o) == (t))
+#define ttisnumber(o) checktag((o), LUA_TNUMBER)
+#define ttisnil(o) checktag((o), LUA_TNIL)
+#define ttisboolean(o) checktag((o), LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define ttislightuserdata(o) checktag((o), LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+#define ttisstring(o) checktype((o), LUA_TSTRING)
+#define ttisshrstring(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TSHRSTR))
+#define ttislngstring(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TLNGSTR))
+#define ttistable(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TTABLE))
+#define ttisfunction(o) checktype(o, LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define ttisclosure(o) ((rttype(o) & 0x1F) == LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define ttisCclosure(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TCCL))
+#define ttisLclosure(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TLCL))
+#define ttislcf(o) checktag((o), LUA_TLCF)
+#define ttisuserdata(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TUSERDATA))
+#define ttisthread(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TTHREAD))
+#define ttisdeadkey(o) checktag((o), LUA_TDEADKEY)
+
+#define ttisequal(o1,o2) (rttype(o1) == rttype(o2))
+
+/* Macros to access values */
+#define nvalue(o) check_exp(ttisnumber(o), num_(o))
+#define gcvalue(o) check_exp(iscollectable(o), val_(o).gc)
+#define pvalue(o) check_exp(ttislightuserdata(o), val_(o).p)
+#define rawtsvalue(o) check_exp(ttisstring(o), &val_(o).gc->ts)
+#define tsvalue(o) (&rawtsvalue(o)->tsv)
+#define rawuvalue(o) check_exp(ttisuserdata(o), &val_(o).gc->u)
+#define uvalue(o) (&rawuvalue(o)->uv)
+#define clvalue(o) check_exp(ttisclosure(o), &val_(o).gc->cl)
+#define clLvalue(o) check_exp(ttisLclosure(o), &val_(o).gc->cl.l)
+#define clCvalue(o) check_exp(ttisCclosure(o), &val_(o).gc->cl.c)
+#define fvalue(o) check_exp(ttislcf(o), val_(o).f)
+#define hvalue(o) check_exp(ttistable(o), &val_(o).gc->h)
+#define bvalue(o) check_exp(ttisboolean(o), val_(o).b)
+#define thvalue(o) check_exp(ttisthread(o), &val_(o).gc->th)
+/* a dead value may get the 'gc' field, but cannot access its contents */
+#define deadvalue(o) check_exp(ttisdeadkey(o), cast(void *, val_(o).gc))
+
+#define l_isfalse(o) (ttisnil(o) || (ttisboolean(o) && bvalue(o) == 0))
+
+
+#define iscollectable(o) (rttype(o) & BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE)
+
+
+/* Macros for internal tests */
+#define righttt(obj) (ttype(obj) == gcvalue(obj)->gch.tt)
+
+#define checkliveness(g,obj) \
+ lua_longassert(!iscollectable(obj) || \
+ (righttt(obj) && !isdead(g,gcvalue(obj))))
+
+
+/* Macros to set values */
+#define settt_(o,t) ((o)->tt_=(t))
+
+#define setnvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); num_(io)=(x); settt_(io, LUA_TNUMBER); }
+
+#define setnilvalue(obj) settt_(obj, LUA_TNIL)
+
+#define setfvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).f=(x); settt_(io, LUA_TLCF); }
+
+#define setpvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).p=(x); settt_(io, LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA); }
+
+#define setbvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).b=(x); settt_(io, LUA_TBOOLEAN); }
+
+#define setgcovalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); GCObject *i_g=(x); \
+ val_(io).gc=i_g; settt_(io, ctb(gch(i_g)->tt)); }
+
+#define setsvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ TString *x_ = (x); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, x_); settt_(io, ctb(x_->tsv.tt)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setuvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TUSERDATA)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setthvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TTHREAD)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setclLvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TLCL)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setclCvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TCCL)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define sethvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TTABLE)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setdeadvalue(obj) settt_(obj, LUA_TDEADKEY)
+
+
+
+#define setobj(L,obj1,obj2) \
+ { const TValue *io2=(obj2); TValue *io1=(obj1); \
+ io1->value_ = io2->value_; io1->tt_ = io2->tt_; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io1); }
+
+
+/*
+** different types of assignments, according to destination
+*/
+
+/* from stack to (same) stack */
+#define setobjs2s setobj
+/* to stack (not from same stack) */
+#define setobj2s setobj
+#define setsvalue2s setsvalue
+#define sethvalue2s sethvalue
+#define setptvalue2s setptvalue
+/* from table to same table */
+#define setobjt2t setobj
+/* to table */
+#define setobj2t setobj
+/* to new object */
+#define setobj2n setobj
+#define setsvalue2n setsvalue
+
+
+/* check whether a number is valid (useful only for NaN trick) */
+#define luai_checknum(L,o,c) { /* empty */ }
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** NaN Trick
+** =======================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_NANTRICK)
+
+/*
+** numbers are represented in the 'd_' field. All other values have the
+** value (NNMARK | tag) in 'tt__'. A number with such pattern would be
+** a "signaled NaN", which is never generated by regular operations by
+** the CPU (nor by 'strtod')
+*/
+
+/* allows for external implementation for part of the trick */
+#if !defined(NNMARK) /* { */
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_IEEEENDIAN)
+#error option 'LUA_NANTRICK' needs 'LUA_IEEEENDIAN'
+#endif
+
+
+#define NNMARK 0x7FF7A500
+#define NNMASK 0x7FFFFF00
+
+#undef TValuefields
+#undef NILCONSTANT
+
+#if (LUA_IEEEENDIAN == 0) /* { */
+
+/* little endian */
+#define TValuefields \
+ union { struct { Value v__; int tt__; } i; double d__; } u
+#define NILCONSTANT {{{NULL}, tag2tt(LUA_TNIL)}}
+/* field-access macros */
+#define v_(o) ((o)->u.i.v__)
+#define d_(o) ((o)->u.d__)
+#define tt_(o) ((o)->u.i.tt__)
+
+#else /* }{ */
+
+/* big endian */
+#define TValuefields \
+ union { struct { int tt__; Value v__; } i; double d__; } u
+#define NILCONSTANT {{tag2tt(LUA_TNIL), {NULL}}}
+/* field-access macros */
+#define v_(o) ((o)->u.i.v__)
+#define d_(o) ((o)->u.d__)
+#define tt_(o) ((o)->u.i.tt__)
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+/* correspondence with standard representation */
+#undef val_
+#define val_(o) v_(o)
+#undef num_
+#define num_(o) d_(o)
+
+
+#undef numfield
+#define numfield /* no such field; numbers are the entire struct */
+
+/* basic check to distinguish numbers from non-numbers */
+#undef ttisnumber
+#define ttisnumber(o) ((tt_(o) & NNMASK) != NNMARK)
+
+#define tag2tt(t) (NNMARK | (t))
+
+#undef rttype
+#define rttype(o) (ttisnumber(o) ? LUA_TNUMBER : tt_(o) & 0xff)
+
+#undef settt_
+#define settt_(o,t) (tt_(o) = tag2tt(t))
+
+#undef setnvalue
+#define setnvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io_=(obj); num_(io_)=(x); lua_assert(ttisnumber(io_)); }
+
+#undef setobj
+#define setobj(L,obj1,obj2) \
+ { const TValue *o2_=(obj2); TValue *o1_=(obj1); \
+ o1_->u = o2_->u; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),o1_); }
+
+
+/*
+** these redefinitions are not mandatory, but these forms are more efficient
+*/
+
+#undef checktag
+#undef checktype
+#define checktag(o,t) (tt_(o) == tag2tt(t))
+#define checktype(o,t) (ctb(tt_(o) | VARBITS) == ctb(tag2tt(t) | VARBITS))
+
+#undef ttisequal
+#define ttisequal(o1,o2) \
+ (ttisnumber(o1) ? ttisnumber(o2) : (tt_(o1) == tt_(o2)))
+
+
+#undef luai_checknum
+#define luai_checknum(L,o,c) { if (!ttisnumber(o)) c; }
+
+#endif
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** types and prototypes
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+union Value {
+ GCObject *gc; /* collectable objects */
+ void *p; /* light userdata */
+ int b; /* booleans */
+ lua_CFunction f; /* light C functions */
+ numfield /* numbers */
+};
+
+
+struct lua_TValue {
+ TValuefields;
+};
+
+
+typedef TValue *StkId; /* index to stack elements */
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** Header for string value; string bytes follow the end of this structure
+*/
+typedef union TString {
+ L_Umaxalign dummy; /* ensures maximum alignment for strings */
+ struct {
+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte extra; /* reserved words for short strings; "has hash" for longs */
+ unsigned int hash;
+ size_t len; /* number of characters in string */
+ } tsv;
+} TString;
+
+
+/* get the actual string (array of bytes) from a TString */
+#define getstr(ts) cast(const char *, (ts) + 1)
+
+/* get the actual string (array of bytes) from a Lua value */
+#define svalue(o) getstr(rawtsvalue(o))
+
+
+/*
+** Header for userdata; memory area follows the end of this structure
+*/
+typedef union Udata {
+ L_Umaxalign dummy; /* ensures maximum alignment for `local' udata */
+ struct {
+ CommonHeader;
+ struct Table *metatable;
+ struct Table *env;
+ size_t len; /* number of bytes */
+ } uv;
+} Udata;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Description of an upvalue for function prototypes
+*/
+typedef struct Upvaldesc {
+ TString *name; /* upvalue name (for debug information) */
+ lu_byte instack; /* whether it is in stack */
+ lu_byte idx; /* index of upvalue (in stack or in outer function's list) */
+} Upvaldesc;
+
+
+/*
+** Description of a local variable for function prototypes
+** (used for debug information)
+*/
+typedef struct LocVar {
+ TString *varname;
+ int startpc; /* first point where variable is active */
+ int endpc; /* first point where variable is dead */
+} LocVar;
+
+
+/*
+** Function Prototypes
+*/
+typedef struct Proto {
+ CommonHeader;
+ TValue *k; /* constants used by the function */
+ Instruction *code;
+ struct Proto **p; /* functions defined inside the function */
+ int *lineinfo; /* map from opcodes to source lines (debug information) */
+ LocVar *locvars; /* information about local variables (debug information) */
+ Upvaldesc *upvalues; /* upvalue information */
+ union Closure *cache; /* last created closure with this prototype */
+ TString *source; /* used for debug information */
+ int sizeupvalues; /* size of 'upvalues' */
+ int sizek; /* size of `k' */
+ int sizecode;
+ int sizelineinfo;
+ int sizep; /* size of `p' */
+ int sizelocvars;
+ int linedefined;
+ int lastlinedefined;
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ lu_byte numparams; /* number of fixed parameters */
+ lu_byte is_vararg;
+ lu_byte maxstacksize; /* maximum stack used by this function */
+} Proto;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Lua Upvalues
+*/
+typedef struct UpVal {
+ CommonHeader;
+ TValue *v; /* points to stack or to its own value */
+ union {
+ TValue value; /* the value (when closed) */
+ struct { /* double linked list (when open) */
+ struct UpVal *prev;
+ struct UpVal *next;
+ } l;
+ } u;
+} UpVal;
+
+
+/*
+** Closures
+*/
+
+#define ClosureHeader \
+ CommonHeader; lu_byte nupvalues; GCObject *gclist
+
+typedef struct CClosure {
+ ClosureHeader;
+ lua_CFunction f;
+ TValue upvalue[1]; /* list of upvalues */
+} CClosure;
+
+
+typedef struct LClosure {
+ ClosureHeader;
+ struct Proto *p;
+ UpVal *upvals[1]; /* list of upvalues */
+} LClosure;
+
+
+typedef union Closure {
+ CClosure c;
+ LClosure l;
+} Closure;
+
+
+#define isLfunction(o) ttisLclosure(o)
+
+#define getproto(o) (clLvalue(o)->p)
+
+
+/*
+** Tables
+*/
+
+typedef union TKey {
+ struct {
+ TValuefields;
+ struct Node *next; /* for chaining */
+ } nk;
+ TValue tvk;
+} TKey;
+
+
+typedef struct Node {
+ TValue i_val;
+ TKey i_key;
+} Node;
+
+
+typedef struct Table {
+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte flags; /* 1<<p means tagmethod(p) is not present */
+ lu_byte lsizenode; /* log2 of size of `node' array */
+ struct Table *metatable;
+ TValue *array; /* array part */
+ Node *node;
+ Node *lastfree; /* any free position is before this position */
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ int sizearray; /* size of `array' array */
+} Table;
+
+
+
+/*
+** `module' operation for hashing (size is always a power of 2)
+*/
+#define lmod(s,size) \
+ (check_exp((size&(size-1))==0, (cast(int, (s) & ((size)-1)))))
+
+
+#define twoto(x) (1<<(x))
+#define sizenode(t) (twoto((t)->lsizenode))
+
+
+/*
+** (address of) a fixed nil value
+*/
+#define luaO_nilobject (&luaO_nilobject_)
+
+
+LUAI_DDEC const TValue luaO_nilobject_;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_fb2int (int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Number luaO_arith (int op, lua_Number v1, lua_Number v2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_str2d (const char *s, size_t len, lua_Number *result);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_hexavalue (int c);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t len);
+
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.c,v 1.49.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#define lopcodes_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+
+
+/* ORDER OP */
+
+LUAI_DDEF const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1] = {
+ "MOVE",
+ "LOADK",
+ "LOADKX",
+ "LOADBOOL",
+ "LOADNIL",
+ "GETUPVAL",
+ "GETTABUP",
+ "GETTABLE",
+ "SETTABUP",
+ "SETUPVAL",
+ "SETTABLE",
+ "NEWTABLE",
+ "SELF",
+ "ADD",
+ "SUB",
+ "MUL",
+ "DIV",
+ "MOD",
+ "POW",
+ "UNM",
+ "NOT",
+ "LEN",
+ "CONCAT",
+ "JMP",
+ "EQ",
+ "LT",
+ "LE",
+ "TEST",
+ "TESTSET",
+ "CALL",
+ "TAILCALL",
+ "RETURN",
+ "FORLOOP",
+ "FORPREP",
+ "TFORCALL",
+ "TFORLOOP",
+ "SETLIST",
+ "CLOSURE",
+ "VARARG",
+ "EXTRAARG",
+ NULL
+};
+
+
+#define opmode(t,a,b,c,m) (((t)<<7) | ((a)<<6) | ((b)<<4) | ((c)<<2) | (m))
+
+LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
+/* T A B C mode opcode */
+ opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_MOVE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_LOADK */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgN, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_LOADKX */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_LOADBOOL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_LOADNIL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_GETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_GETTABUP */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_GETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SETTABUP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_SETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_NEWTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SELF */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_ADD */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SUB */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_MUL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_DIV */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_MOD */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_POW */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_UNM */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_NOT */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_LEN */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgR, iABC) /* OP_CONCAT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_JMP */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_EQ */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_LT */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_LE */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgN, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TEST */
+ ,opmode(1, 1, OpArgR, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TESTSET */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_CALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TAILCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_RETURN */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_FORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_FORPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgN, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TFORCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_TFORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_SETLIST */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_CLOSURE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_VARARG */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgU, iAx) /* OP_EXTRAARG */
+};
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.h,v 1.142.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lopcodes_h
+#define lopcodes_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+ We assume that instructions are unsigned numbers.
+ All instructions have an opcode in the first 6 bits.
+ Instructions can have the following fields:
+ `A' : 8 bits
+ `B' : 9 bits
+ `C' : 9 bits
+ 'Ax' : 26 bits ('A', 'B', and 'C' together)
+ `Bx' : 18 bits (`B' and `C' together)
+ `sBx' : signed Bx
+
+ A signed argument is represented in excess K; that is, the number
+ value is the unsigned value minus K. K is exactly the maximum value
+ for that argument (so that -max is represented by 0, and +max is
+ represented by 2*max), which is half the maximum for the corresponding
+ unsigned argument.
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx}; /* basic instruction format */
+
+
+/*
+** size and position of opcode arguments.
+*/
+#define SIZE_C 9
+#define SIZE_B 9
+#define SIZE_Bx (SIZE_C + SIZE_B)
+#define SIZE_A 8
+#define SIZE_Ax (SIZE_C + SIZE_B + SIZE_A)
+
+#define SIZE_OP 6
+
+#define POS_OP 0
+#define POS_A (POS_OP + SIZE_OP)
+#define POS_C (POS_A + SIZE_A)
+#define POS_B (POS_C + SIZE_C)
+#define POS_Bx POS_C
+#define POS_Ax POS_A
+
+
+/*
+** limits for opcode arguments.
+** we use (signed) int to manipulate most arguments,
+** so they must fit in LUAI_BITSINT-1 bits (-1 for sign)
+*/
+#if SIZE_Bx < LUAI_BITSINT-1
+#define MAXARG_Bx ((1<<SIZE_Bx)-1)
+#define MAXARG_sBx (MAXARG_Bx>>1) /* `sBx' is signed */
+#else
+#define MAXARG_Bx MAX_INT
+#define MAXARG_sBx MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+#if SIZE_Ax < LUAI_BITSINT-1
+#define MAXARG_Ax ((1<<SIZE_Ax)-1)
+#else
+#define MAXARG_Ax MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+
+#define MAXARG_A ((1<<SIZE_A)-1)
+#define MAXARG_B ((1<<SIZE_B)-1)
+#define MAXARG_C ((1<<SIZE_C)-1)
+
+
+/* creates a mask with `n' 1 bits at position `p' */
+#define MASK1(n,p) ((~((~(Instruction)0)<<(n)))<<(p))
+
+/* creates a mask with `n' 0 bits at position `p' */
+#define MASK0(n,p) (~MASK1(n,p))
+
+/*
+** the following macros help to manipulate instructions
+*/
+
+#define GET_OPCODE(i) (cast(OpCode, ((i)>>POS_OP) & MASK1(SIZE_OP,0)))
+#define SET_OPCODE(i,o) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_OP,POS_OP)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP))))
+
+#define getarg(i,pos,size) (cast(int, ((i)>>pos) & MASK1(size,0)))
+#define setarg(i,v,pos,size) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(size,pos)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, v)<<pos)&MASK1(size,pos))))
+
+#define GETARG_A(i) getarg(i, POS_A, SIZE_A)
+#define SETARG_A(i,v) setarg(i, v, POS_A, SIZE_A)
+
+#define GETARG_B(i) getarg(i, POS_B, SIZE_B)
+#define SETARG_B(i,v) setarg(i, v, POS_B, SIZE_B)
+
+#define GETARG_C(i) getarg(i, POS_C, SIZE_C)
+#define SETARG_C(i,v) setarg(i, v, POS_C, SIZE_C)
+
+#define GETARG_Bx(i) getarg(i, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx)
+#define SETARG_Bx(i,v) setarg(i, v, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx)
+
+#define GETARG_Ax(i) getarg(i, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax)
+#define SETARG_Ax(i,v) setarg(i, v, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax)
+
+#define GETARG_sBx(i) (GETARG_Bx(i)-MAXARG_sBx)
+#define SETARG_sBx(i,b) SETARG_Bx((i),cast(unsigned int, (b)+MAXARG_sBx))
+
+
+#define CREATE_ABC(o,a,b,c) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, c)<<POS_C))
+
+#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, bc)<<POS_Bx))
+
+#define CREATE_Ax(o,a) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_Ax))
+
+
+/*
+** Macros to operate RK indices
+*/
+
+/* this bit 1 means constant (0 means register) */
+#define BITRK (1 << (SIZE_B - 1))
+
+/* test whether value is a constant */
+#define ISK(x) ((x) & BITRK)
+
+/* gets the index of the constant */
+#define INDEXK(r) ((int)(r) & ~BITRK)
+
+#define MAXINDEXRK (BITRK - 1)
+
+/* code a constant index as a RK value */
+#define RKASK(x) ((x) | BITRK)
+
+
+/*
+** invalid register that fits in 8 bits
+*/
+#define NO_REG MAXARG_A
+
+
+/*
+** R(x) - register
+** Kst(x) - constant (in constant table)
+** RK(x) == if ISK(x) then Kst(INDEXK(x)) else R(x)
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums
+*/
+
+typedef enum {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------
+name args description
+------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+OP_MOVE,/* A B R(A) := R(B) */
+OP_LOADK,/* A Bx R(A) := Kst(Bx) */
+OP_LOADKX,/* A R(A) := Kst(extra arg) */
+OP_LOADBOOL,/* A B C R(A) := (Bool)B; if (C) pc++ */
+OP_LOADNIL,/* A B R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B) := nil */
+OP_GETUPVAL,/* A B R(A) := UpValue[B] */
+
+OP_GETTABUP,/* A B C R(A) := UpValue[B][RK(C)] */
+OP_GETTABLE,/* A B C R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)] */
+
+OP_SETTABUP,/* A B C UpValue[A][RK(B)] := RK(C) */
+OP_SETUPVAL,/* A B UpValue[B] := R(A) */
+OP_SETTABLE,/* A B C R(A)[RK(B)] := RK(C) */
+
+OP_NEWTABLE,/* A B C R(A) := {} (size = B,C) */
+
+OP_SELF,/* A B C R(A+1) := R(B); R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)] */
+
+OP_ADD,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) + RK(C) */
+OP_SUB,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) - RK(C) */
+OP_MUL,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) * RK(C) */
+OP_DIV,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) / RK(C) */
+OP_MOD,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) % RK(C) */
+OP_POW,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) ^ RK(C) */
+OP_UNM,/* A B R(A) := -R(B) */
+OP_NOT,/* A B R(A) := not R(B) */
+OP_LEN,/* A B R(A) := length of R(B) */
+
+OP_CONCAT,/* A B C R(A) := R(B).. ... ..R(C) */
+
+OP_JMP,/* A sBx pc+=sBx; if (A) close all upvalues >= R(A) + 1 */
+OP_EQ,/* A B C if ((RK(B) == RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+OP_LT,/* A B C if ((RK(B) < RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+OP_LE,/* A B C if ((RK(B) <= RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+
+OP_TEST,/* A C if not (R(A) <=> C) then pc++ */
+OP_TESTSET,/* A B C if (R(B) <=> C) then R(A) := R(B) else pc++ */
+
+OP_CALL,/* A B C R(A), ... ,R(A+C-2) := R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
+OP_TAILCALL,/* A B C return R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
+OP_RETURN,/* A B return R(A), ... ,R(A+B-2) (see note) */
+
+OP_FORLOOP,/* A sBx R(A)+=R(A+2);
+ if R(A) <?= R(A+1) then { pc+=sBx; R(A+3)=R(A) }*/
+OP_FORPREP,/* A sBx R(A)-=R(A+2); pc+=sBx */
+
+OP_TFORCALL,/* A C R(A+3), ... ,R(A+2+C) := R(A)(R(A+1), R(A+2)); */
+OP_TFORLOOP,/* A sBx if R(A+1) ~= nil then { R(A)=R(A+1); pc += sBx }*/
+
+OP_SETLIST,/* A B C R(A)[(C-1)*FPF+i] := R(A+i), 1 <= i <= B */
+
+OP_CLOSURE,/* A Bx R(A) := closure(KPROTO[Bx]) */
+
+OP_VARARG,/* A B R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B-2) = vararg */
+
+OP_EXTRAARG/* Ax extra (larger) argument for previous opcode */
+} OpCode;
+
+
+#define NUM_OPCODES (cast(int, OP_EXTRAARG) + 1)
+
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+ Notes:
+ (*) In OP_CALL, if (B == 0) then B = top. If (C == 0), then `top' is
+ set to last_result+1, so next open instruction (OP_CALL, OP_RETURN,
+ OP_SETLIST) may use `top'.
+
+ (*) In OP_VARARG, if (B == 0) then use actual number of varargs and
+ set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0).
+
+ (*) In OP_RETURN, if (B == 0) then return up to `top'.
+
+ (*) In OP_SETLIST, if (B == 0) then B = `top'; if (C == 0) then next
+ 'instruction' is EXTRAARG(real C).
+
+ (*) In OP_LOADKX, the next 'instruction' is always EXTRAARG.
+
+ (*) For comparisons, A specifies what condition the test should accept
+ (true or false).
+
+ (*) All `skips' (pc++) assume that next instruction is a jump.
+
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+/*
+** masks for instruction properties. The format is:
+** bits 0-1: op mode
+** bits 2-3: C arg mode
+** bits 4-5: B arg mode
+** bit 6: instruction set register A
+** bit 7: operator is a test (next instruction must be a jump)
+*/
+
+enum OpArgMask {
+ OpArgN, /* argument is not used */
+ OpArgU, /* argument is used */
+ OpArgR, /* argument is a register or a jump offset */
+ OpArgK /* argument is a constant or register/constant */
+};
+
+LUAI_DDEC const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES];
+
+#define getOpMode(m) (cast(enum OpMode, luaP_opmodes[m] & 3))
+#define getBMode(m) (cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 4) & 3))
+#define getCMode(m) (cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 2) & 3))
+#define testAMode(m) (luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 6))
+#define testTMode(m) (luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 7))
+
+
+LUAI_DDEC const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1]; /* opcode names */
+
+
+/* number of list items to accumulate before a SETLIST instruction */
+#define LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH 50
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: loslib.c,v 1.40.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Standard Operating System library\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <errno.h>\r
+#include <locale.h>\r
+#include <stdlib.h>\r
+#include <string.h>\r
+#include <time.h>\r
+\r
+#define loslib_c\r
+#define LUA_LIB\r
+\r
+#include "lua.h"\r
+\r
+#include "lauxlib.h"\r
+#include "lualib.h"\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** list of valid conversion specifiers for the 'strftime' function\r
+*/\r
+#if !defined(LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS)\r
+\r
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)\r
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS { "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYz%", "" }\r
+#else\r
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS \\r
+ { "aAbBcCdDeFgGhHIjmMnprRStTuUVwWxXyYzZ%", "" \\r
+ "", "E", "cCxXyY", \\r
+ "O", "deHImMSuUVwWy" }\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** By default, Lua uses tmpnam except when POSIX is available, where it\r
+** uses mkstemp.\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_MKSTEMP)\r
+#include <unistd.h>\r
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE 32\r
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { \\r
+ strcpy(b, "/tmp/lua_XXXXXX"); \\r
+ e = mkstemp(b); \\r
+ if (e != -1) close(e); \\r
+ e = (e == -1); }\r
+\r
+#elif !defined(lua_tmpnam)\r
+\r
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE L_tmpnam\r
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { e = (tmpnam(b) == NULL); }\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** By default, Lua uses gmtime/localtime, except when POSIX is available,\r
+** where it uses gmtime_r/localtime_r\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_GMTIME_R)\r
+\r
+#define l_gmtime(t,r) gmtime_r(t,r)\r
+#define l_localtime(t,r) localtime_r(t,r)\r
+\r
+#elif !defined(l_gmtime)\r
+\r
+#define l_gmtime(t,r) ((void)r, gmtime(t))\r
+#define l_localtime(t,r) ((void)r, localtime(t))\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_execute (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *cmd = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);\r
+ int stat = system(cmd);\r
+ if (cmd != NULL)\r
+ return luaL_execresult(L, stat);\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, stat); /* true if there is a shell */\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_remove (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, remove(filename) == 0, filename);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_rename (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *fromname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ const char *toname = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);\r
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, rename(fromname, toname) == 0, NULL);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_tmpname (lua_State *L) {\r
+ char buff[LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE];\r
+ int err;\r
+ lua_tmpnam(buff, err);\r
+ if (err)\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "unable to generate a unique filename");\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, buff);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_getenv (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, getenv(luaL_checkstring(L, 1))); /* if NULL push nil */\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_clock (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, ((lua_Number)clock())/(lua_Number)CLOCKS_PER_SEC);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Time/Date operations\r
+** { year=%Y, month=%m, day=%d, hour=%H, min=%M, sec=%S,\r
+** wday=%w+1, yday=%j, isdst=? }\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+static void setfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, value);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, key);\r
+}\r
+\r
+static void setboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {\r
+ if (value < 0) /* undefined? */\r
+ return; /* does not set field */\r
+ lua_pushboolean(L, value);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, key);\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int getboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key) {\r
+ int res;\r
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, key);\r
+ res = lua_isnil(L, -1) ? -1 : lua_toboolean(L, -1);\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1);\r
+ return res;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d) {\r
+ int res, isnum;\r
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, key);\r
+ res = (int)lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);\r
+ if (!isnum) {\r
+ if (d < 0)\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "field " LUA_QS " missing in date table", key);\r
+ res = d;\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1);\r
+ return res;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *checkoption (lua_State *L, const char *conv, char *buff) {\r
+ static const char *const options[] = LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS;\r
+ unsigned int i;\r
+ for (i = 0; i < sizeof(options)/sizeof(options[0]); i += 2) {\r
+ if (*conv != '\0' && strchr(options[i], *conv) != NULL) {\r
+ buff[1] = *conv;\r
+ if (*options[i + 1] == '\0') { /* one-char conversion specifier? */\r
+ buff[2] = '\0'; /* end buffer */\r
+ return conv + 1;\r
+ }\r
+ else if (*(conv + 1) != '\0' &&\r
+ strchr(options[i + 1], *(conv + 1)) != NULL) {\r
+ buff[2] = *(conv + 1); /* valid two-char conversion specifier */\r
+ buff[3] = '\0'; /* end buffer */\r
+ return conv + 2;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_argerror(L, 1,\r
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid conversion specifier '%%%s'", conv));\r
+ return conv; /* to avoid warnings */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_date (lua_State *L) {\r
+ const char *s = luaL_optstring(L, 1, "%c");\r
+ time_t t = luaL_opt(L, (time_t)luaL_checknumber, 2, time(NULL));\r
+ struct tm tmr, *stm;\r
+ if (*s == '!') { /* UTC? */\r
+ stm = l_gmtime(&t, &tmr);\r
+ s++; /* skip `!' */\r
+ }\r
+ else\r
+ stm = l_localtime(&t, &tmr);\r
+ if (stm == NULL) /* invalid date? */\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ else if (strcmp(s, "*t") == 0) {\r
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 9); /* 9 = number of fields */\r
+ setfield(L, "sec", stm->tm_sec);\r
+ setfield(L, "min", stm->tm_min);\r
+ setfield(L, "hour", stm->tm_hour);\r
+ setfield(L, "day", stm->tm_mday);\r
+ setfield(L, "month", stm->tm_mon+1);\r
+ setfield(L, "year", stm->tm_year+1900);\r
+ setfield(L, "wday", stm->tm_wday+1);\r
+ setfield(L, "yday", stm->tm_yday+1);\r
+ setboolfield(L, "isdst", stm->tm_isdst);\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ char cc[4];\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ cc[0] = '%';\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);\r
+ while (*s) {\r
+ if (*s != '%') /* no conversion specifier? */\r
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *s++);\r
+ else {\r
+ size_t reslen;\r
+ char buff[200]; /* should be big enough for any conversion result */\r
+ s = checkoption(L, s + 1, cc);\r
+ reslen = strftime(buff, sizeof(buff), cc, stm);\r
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, buff, reslen);\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);\r
+ }\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_time (lua_State *L) {\r
+ time_t t;\r
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) /* called without args? */\r
+ t = time(NULL); /* get current time */\r
+ else {\r
+ struct tm ts;\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 1); /* make sure table is at the top */\r
+ ts.tm_sec = getfield(L, "sec", 0);\r
+ ts.tm_min = getfield(L, "min", 0);\r
+ ts.tm_hour = getfield(L, "hour", 12);\r
+ ts.tm_mday = getfield(L, "day", -1);\r
+ ts.tm_mon = getfield(L, "month", -1) - 1;\r
+ ts.tm_year = getfield(L, "year", -1) - 1900;\r
+ ts.tm_isdst = getboolfield(L, "isdst");\r
+ t = mktime(&ts);\r
+ }\r
+ if (t == (time_t)(-1))\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)t);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_difftime (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, difftime((time_t)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)),\r
+ (time_t)(luaL_optnumber(L, 2, 0))));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_setlocale (lua_State *L) {\r
+ static const int cat[] = {LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MONETARY,\r
+ LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME};\r
+ static const char *const catnames[] = {"all", "collate", "ctype", "monetary",\r
+ "numeric", "time", NULL};\r
+ const char *l = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);\r
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "all", catnames);\r
+ lua_pushstring(L, setlocale(cat[op], l));\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int os_exit (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int status;\r
+ if (lua_isboolean(L, 1))\r
+ status = (lua_toboolean(L, 1) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);\r
+ else\r
+ status = luaL_optint(L, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS);\r
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, 2))\r
+ lua_close(L);\r
+ if (L) exit(status); /* 'if' to avoid warnings for unreachable 'return' */\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const luaL_Reg syslib[] = {\r
+ {"clock", os_clock},\r
+ {"date", os_date},\r
+ {"difftime", os_difftime},\r
+ {"execute", os_execute},\r
+ {"exit", os_exit},\r
+ {"getenv", os_getenv},\r
+ {"remove", os_remove},\r
+ {"rename", os_rename},\r
+ {"setlocale", os_setlocale},\r
+ {"time", os_time},\r
+ {"tmpname", os_tmpname},\r
+ {NULL, NULL}\r
+};\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_os (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_newlib(L, syslib);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.c,v 2.130.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lparser_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+
+
+
+/* maximum number of local variables per function (must be smaller
+ than 250, due to the bytecode format) */
+#define MAXVARS 200
+
+
+#define hasmultret(k) ((k) == VCALL || (k) == VVARARG)
+
+
+
+/*
+** nodes for block list (list of active blocks)
+*/
+typedef struct BlockCnt {
+ struct BlockCnt *previous; /* chain */
+ short firstlabel; /* index of first label in this block */
+ short firstgoto; /* index of first pending goto in this block */
+ lu_byte nactvar; /* # active locals outside the block */
+ lu_byte upval; /* true if some variable in the block is an upvalue */
+ lu_byte isloop; /* true if `block' is a loop */
+} BlockCnt;
+
+
+
+/*
+** prototypes for recursive non-terminal functions
+*/
+static void statement (LexState *ls);
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v);
+
+
+static void anchor_token (LexState *ls) {
+ /* last token from outer function must be EOS */
+ lua_assert(ls->fs != NULL || ls->t.token == TK_EOS);
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME || ls->t.token == TK_STRING) {
+ TString *ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts;
+ luaX_newstring(ls, getstr(ts), ts->tsv.len);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* semantic error */
+static l_noret semerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
+ ls->t.token = 0; /* remove 'near to' from final message */
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+static l_noret error_expected (LexState *ls, int token) {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls,
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s expected", luaX_token2str(ls, token)));
+}
+
+
+static l_noret errorlimit (FuncState *fs, int limit, const char *what) {
+ lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
+ const char *msg;
+ int line = fs->f->linedefined;
+ const char *where = (line == 0)
+ ? "main function"
+ : luaO_pushfstring(L, "function at line %d", line);
+ msg = luaO_pushfstring(L, "too many %s (limit is %d) in %s",
+ what, limit, where);
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void checklimit (FuncState *fs, int v, int l, const char *what) {
+ if (v > l) errorlimit(fs, l, what);
+}
+
+
+static int testnext (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ if (ls->t.token == c) {
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void check (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ if (ls->t.token != c)
+ error_expected(ls, c);
+}
+
+
+static void checknext (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ check(ls, c);
+ luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+#define check_condition(ls,c,msg) { if (!(c)) luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg); }
+
+
+
+static void check_match (LexState *ls, int what, int who, int where) {
+ if (!testnext(ls, what)) {
+ if (where == ls->linenumber)
+ error_expected(ls, what);
+ else {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+ "%s expected (to close %s at line %d)",
+ luaX_token2str(ls, what), luaX_token2str(ls, who), where));
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static TString *str_checkname (LexState *ls) {
+ TString *ts;
+ check(ls, TK_NAME);
+ ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+static void init_exp (expdesc *e, expkind k, int i) {
+ e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+ e->k = k;
+ e->u.info = i;
+}
+
+
+static void codestring (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, TString *s) {
+ init_exp(e, VK, luaK_stringK(ls->fs, s));
+}
+
+
+static void checkname (LexState *ls, expdesc *e) {
+ codestring(ls, e, str_checkname(ls));
+}
+
+
+static int registerlocalvar (LexState *ls, TString *varname) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizelocvars;
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->locvars, fs->nlocvars, f->sizelocvars,
+ LocVar, SHRT_MAX, "local variables");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizelocvars) f->locvars[oldsize++].varname = NULL;
+ f->locvars[fs->nlocvars].varname = varname;
+ luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, varname);
+ return fs->nlocvars++;
+}
+
+
+static void new_localvar (LexState *ls, TString *name) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Dyndata *dyd = ls->dyd;
+ int reg = registerlocalvar(ls, name);
+ checklimit(fs, dyd->actvar.n + 1 - fs->firstlocal,
+ MAXVARS, "local variables");
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, dyd->actvar.arr, dyd->actvar.n + 1,
+ dyd->actvar.size, Vardesc, MAX_INT, "local variables");
+ dyd->actvar.arr[dyd->actvar.n++].idx = cast(short, reg);
+}
+
+
+static void new_localvarliteral_ (LexState *ls, const char *name, size_t sz) {
+ new_localvar(ls, luaX_newstring(ls, name, sz));
+}
+
+#define new_localvarliteral(ls,v) \
+ new_localvarliteral_(ls, "" v, (sizeof(v)/sizeof(char))-1)
+
+
+static LocVar *getlocvar (FuncState *fs, int i) {
+ int idx = fs->ls->dyd->actvar.arr[fs->firstlocal + i].idx;
+ lua_assert(idx < fs->nlocvars);
+ return &fs->f->locvars[idx];
+}
+
+
+static void adjustlocalvars (LexState *ls, int nvars) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ fs->nactvar = cast_byte(fs->nactvar + nvars);
+ for (; nvars; nvars--) {
+ getlocvar(fs, fs->nactvar - nvars)->startpc = fs->pc;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void removevars (FuncState *fs, int tolevel) {
+ fs->ls->dyd->actvar.n -= (fs->nactvar - tolevel);
+ while (fs->nactvar > tolevel)
+ getlocvar(fs, --fs->nactvar)->endpc = fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static int searchupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name) {
+ int i;
+ Upvaldesc *up = fs->f->upvalues;
+ for (i = 0; i < fs->nups; i++) {
+ if (luaS_eqstr(up[i].name, name)) return i;
+ }
+ return -1; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int newupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name, expdesc *v) {
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizeupvalues;
+ checklimit(fs, fs->nups + 1, MAXUPVAL, "upvalues");
+ luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->upvalues, fs->nups, f->sizeupvalues,
+ Upvaldesc, MAXUPVAL, "upvalues");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizeupvalues) f->upvalues[oldsize++].name = NULL;
+ f->upvalues[fs->nups].instack = (v->k == VLOCAL);
+ f->upvalues[fs->nups].idx = cast_byte(v->u.info);
+ f->upvalues[fs->nups].name = name;
+ luaC_objbarrier(fs->ls->L, f, name);
+ return fs->nups++;
+}
+
+
+static int searchvar (FuncState *fs, TString *n) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = cast_int(fs->nactvar) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+ if (luaS_eqstr(n, getlocvar(fs, i)->varname))
+ return i;
+ }
+ return -1; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+ Mark block where variable at given level was defined
+ (to emit close instructions later).
+*/
+static void markupval (FuncState *fs, int level) {
+ BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+ while (bl->nactvar > level) bl = bl->previous;
+ bl->upval = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ Find variable with given name 'n'. If it is an upvalue, add this
+ upvalue into all intermediate functions.
+*/
+static int singlevaraux (FuncState *fs, TString *n, expdesc *var, int base) {
+ if (fs == NULL) /* no more levels? */
+ return VVOID; /* default is global */
+ else {
+ int v = searchvar(fs, n); /* look up locals at current level */
+ if (v >= 0) { /* found? */
+ init_exp(var, VLOCAL, v); /* variable is local */
+ if (!base)
+ markupval(fs, v); /* local will be used as an upval */
+ return VLOCAL;
+ }
+ else { /* not found as local at current level; try upvalues */
+ int idx = searchupvalue(fs, n); /* try existing upvalues */
+ if (idx < 0) { /* not found? */
+ if (singlevaraux(fs->prev, n, var, 0) == VVOID) /* try upper levels */
+ return VVOID; /* not found; is a global */
+ /* else was LOCAL or UPVAL */
+ idx = newupvalue(fs, n, var); /* will be a new upvalue */
+ }
+ init_exp(var, VUPVAL, idx);
+ return VUPVAL;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void singlevar (LexState *ls, expdesc *var) {
+ TString *varname = str_checkname(ls);
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ if (singlevaraux(fs, varname, var, 1) == VVOID) { /* global name? */
+ expdesc key;
+ singlevaraux(fs, ls->envn, var, 1); /* get environment variable */
+ lua_assert(var->k == VLOCAL || var->k == VUPVAL);
+ codestring(ls, &key, varname); /* key is variable name */
+ luaK_indexed(fs, var, &key); /* env[varname] */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void adjust_assign (LexState *ls, int nvars, int nexps, expdesc *e) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int extra = nvars - nexps;
+ if (hasmultret(e->k)) {
+ extra++; /* includes call itself */
+ if (extra < 0) extra = 0;
+ luaK_setreturns(fs, e, extra); /* last exp. provides the difference */
+ if (extra > 1) luaK_reserveregs(fs, extra-1);
+ }
+ else {
+ if (e->k != VVOID) luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e); /* close last expression */
+ if (extra > 0) {
+ int reg = fs->freereg;
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, extra);
+ luaK_nil(fs, reg, extra);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void enterlevel (LexState *ls) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ ++L->nCcalls;
+ checklimit(ls->fs, L->nCcalls, LUAI_MAXCCALLS, "C levels");
+}
+
+
+#define leavelevel(ls) ((ls)->L->nCcalls--)
+
+
+static void closegoto (LexState *ls, int g, Labeldesc *label) {
+ int i;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Labellist *gl = &ls->dyd->gt;
+ Labeldesc *gt = &gl->arr[g];
+ lua_assert(luaS_eqstr(gt->name, label->name));
+ if (gt->nactvar < label->nactvar) {
+ TString *vname = getlocvar(fs, gt->nactvar)->varname;
+ const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+ "<goto %s> at line %d jumps into the scope of local " LUA_QS,
+ getstr(gt->name), gt->line, getstr(vname));
+ semerror(ls, msg);
+ }
+ luaK_patchlist(fs, gt->pc, label->pc);
+ /* remove goto from pending list */
+ for (i = g; i < gl->n - 1; i++)
+ gl->arr[i] = gl->arr[i + 1];
+ gl->n--;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** try to close a goto with existing labels; this solves backward jumps
+*/
+static int findlabel (LexState *ls, int g) {
+ int i;
+ BlockCnt *bl = ls->fs->bl;
+ Dyndata *dyd = ls->dyd;
+ Labeldesc *gt = &dyd->gt.arr[g];
+ /* check labels in current block for a match */
+ for (i = bl->firstlabel; i < dyd->label.n; i++) {
+ Labeldesc *lb = &dyd->label.arr[i];
+ if (luaS_eqstr(lb->name, gt->name)) { /* correct label? */
+ if (gt->nactvar > lb->nactvar &&
+ (bl->upval || dyd->label.n > bl->firstlabel))
+ luaK_patchclose(ls->fs, gt->pc, lb->nactvar);
+ closegoto(ls, g, lb); /* close it */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* label not found; cannot close goto */
+}
+
+
+static int newlabelentry (LexState *ls, Labellist *l, TString *name,
+ int line, int pc) {
+ int n = l->n;
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, l->arr, n, l->size,
+ Labeldesc, SHRT_MAX, "labels/gotos");
+ l->arr[n].name = name;
+ l->arr[n].line = line;
+ l->arr[n].nactvar = ls->fs->nactvar;
+ l->arr[n].pc = pc;
+ l->n++;
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether new label 'lb' matches any pending gotos in current
+** block; solves forward jumps
+*/
+static void findgotos (LexState *ls, Labeldesc *lb) {
+ Labellist *gl = &ls->dyd->gt;
+ int i = ls->fs->bl->firstgoto;
+ while (i < gl->n) {
+ if (luaS_eqstr(gl->arr[i].name, lb->name))
+ closegoto(ls, i, lb);
+ else
+ i++;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** "export" pending gotos to outer level, to check them against
+** outer labels; if the block being exited has upvalues, and
+** the goto exits the scope of any variable (which can be the
+** upvalue), close those variables being exited.
+*/
+static void movegotosout (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl) {
+ int i = bl->firstgoto;
+ Labellist *gl = &fs->ls->dyd->gt;
+ /* correct pending gotos to current block and try to close it
+ with visible labels */
+ while (i < gl->n) {
+ Labeldesc *gt = &gl->arr[i];
+ if (gt->nactvar > bl->nactvar) {
+ if (bl->upval)
+ luaK_patchclose(fs, gt->pc, bl->nactvar);
+ gt->nactvar = bl->nactvar;
+ }
+ if (!findlabel(fs->ls, i))
+ i++; /* move to next one */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void enterblock (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl, lu_byte isloop) {
+ bl->isloop = isloop;
+ bl->nactvar = fs->nactvar;
+ bl->firstlabel = (short)fs->ls->dyd->label.n;
+ bl->firstgoto = (short)fs->ls->dyd->gt.n;
+ bl->upval = 0;
+ bl->previous = fs->bl;
+ fs->bl = bl;
+ lua_assert(fs->freereg == fs->nactvar);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create a label named "break" to resolve break statements
+*/
+static void breaklabel (LexState *ls) {
+ TString *n = luaS_new(ls->L, "break");
+ int l = newlabelentry(ls, &ls->dyd->label, n, 0, ls->fs->pc);
+ findgotos(ls, &ls->dyd->label.arr[l]);
+}
+
+/*
+** generates an error for an undefined 'goto'; choose appropriate
+** message when label name is a reserved word (which can only be 'break')
+*/
+static l_noret undefgoto (LexState *ls, Labeldesc *gt) {
+ const char *msg = isreserved(gt->name)
+ ? "<%s> at line %d not inside a loop"
+ : "no visible label " LUA_QS " for <goto> at line %d";
+ msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, msg, getstr(gt->name), gt->line);
+ semerror(ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void leaveblock (FuncState *fs) {
+ BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+ LexState *ls = fs->ls;
+ if (bl->previous && bl->upval) {
+ /* create a 'jump to here' to close upvalues */
+ int j = luaK_jump(fs);
+ luaK_patchclose(fs, j, bl->nactvar);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, j);
+ }
+ if (bl->isloop)
+ breaklabel(ls); /* close pending breaks */
+ fs->bl = bl->previous;
+ removevars(fs, bl->nactvar);
+ lua_assert(bl->nactvar == fs->nactvar);
+ fs->freereg = fs->nactvar; /* free registers */
+ ls->dyd->label.n = bl->firstlabel; /* remove local labels */
+ if (bl->previous) /* inner block? */
+ movegotosout(fs, bl); /* update pending gotos to outer block */
+ else if (bl->firstgoto < ls->dyd->gt.n) /* pending gotos in outer block? */
+ undefgoto(ls, &ls->dyd->gt.arr[bl->firstgoto]); /* error */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** adds a new prototype into list of prototypes
+*/
+static Proto *addprototype (LexState *ls) {
+ Proto *clp;
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f; /* prototype of current function */
+ if (fs->np >= f->sizep) {
+ int oldsize = f->sizep;
+ luaM_growvector(L, f->p, fs->np, f->sizep, Proto *, MAXARG_Bx, "functions");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizep) f->p[oldsize++] = NULL;
+ }
+ f->p[fs->np++] = clp = luaF_newproto(L);
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, f, clp);
+ return clp;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** codes instruction to create new closure in parent function.
+** The OP_CLOSURE instruction must use the last available register,
+** so that, if it invokes the GC, the GC knows which registers
+** are in use at that time.
+*/
+static void codeclosure (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs->prev;
+ init_exp(v, VRELOCABLE, luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_CLOSURE, 0, fs->np - 1));
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v); /* fix it at the last register */
+}
+
+
+static void open_func (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ Proto *f;
+ fs->prev = ls->fs; /* linked list of funcstates */
+ fs->ls = ls;
+ ls->fs = fs;
+ fs->pc = 0;
+ fs->lasttarget = 0;
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+ fs->freereg = 0;
+ fs->nk = 0;
+ fs->np = 0;
+ fs->nups = 0;
+ fs->nlocvars = 0;
+ fs->nactvar = 0;
+ fs->firstlocal = ls->dyd->actvar.n;
+ fs->bl = NULL;
+ f = fs->f;
+ f->source = ls->source;
+ f->maxstacksize = 2; /* registers 0/1 are always valid */
+ fs->h = luaH_new(L);
+ /* anchor table of constants (to avoid being collected) */
+ sethvalue2s(L, L->top, fs->h);
+ incr_top(L);
+ enterblock(fs, bl, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void close_func (LexState *ls) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ luaK_ret(fs, 0, 0); /* final return */
+ leaveblock(fs);
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->code, f->sizecode, fs->pc, Instruction);
+ f->sizecode = fs->pc;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo, fs->pc, int);
+ f->sizelineinfo = fs->pc;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->k, f->sizek, fs->nk, TValue);
+ f->sizek = fs->nk;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->p, f->sizep, fs->np, Proto *);
+ f->sizep = fs->np;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars, fs->nlocvars, LocVar);
+ f->sizelocvars = fs->nlocvars;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues, fs->nups, Upvaldesc);
+ f->sizeupvalues = fs->nups;
+ lua_assert(fs->bl == NULL);
+ ls->fs = fs->prev;
+ /* last token read was anchored in defunct function; must re-anchor it */
+ anchor_token(ls);
+ L->top--; /* pop table of constants */
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*============================================================*/
+/* GRAMMAR RULES */
+/*============================================================*/
+
+
+/*
+** check whether current token is in the follow set of a block.
+** 'until' closes syntactical blocks, but do not close scope,
+** so it handled in separate.
+*/
+static int block_follow (LexState *ls, int withuntil) {
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_ELSE: case TK_ELSEIF:
+ case TK_END: case TK_EOS:
+ return 1;
+ case TK_UNTIL: return withuntil;
+ default: return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void statlist (LexState *ls) {
+ /* statlist -> { stat [`;'] } */
+ while (!block_follow(ls, 1)) {
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_RETURN) {
+ statement(ls);
+ return; /* 'return' must be last statement */
+ }
+ statement(ls);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void fieldsel (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* fieldsel -> ['.' | ':'] NAME */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc key;
+ luaK_exp2anyregup(fs, v);
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip the dot or colon */
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+}
+
+
+static void yindex (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* index -> '[' expr ']' */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip the '[' */
+ expr(ls, v);
+ luaK_exp2val(ls->fs, v);
+ checknext(ls, ']');
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Rules for Constructors
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+struct ConsControl {
+ expdesc v; /* last list item read */
+ expdesc *t; /* table descriptor */
+ int nh; /* total number of `record' elements */
+ int na; /* total number of array elements */
+ int tostore; /* number of array elements pending to be stored */
+};
+
+
+static void recfield (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ /* recfield -> (NAME | `['exp1`]') = exp1 */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int reg = ls->fs->freereg;
+ expdesc key, val;
+ int rkkey;
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME) {
+ checklimit(fs, cc->nh, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor");
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ }
+ else /* ls->t.token == '[' */
+ yindex(ls, &key);
+ cc->nh++;
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ rkkey = luaK_exp2RK(fs, &key);
+ expr(ls, &val);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETTABLE, cc->t->u.info, rkkey, luaK_exp2RK(fs, &val));
+ fs->freereg = (lu_byte)reg; /* free registers */
+}
+
+
+static void closelistfield (FuncState *fs, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ if (cc->v.k == VVOID) return; /* there is no list item */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+ cc->v.k = VVOID;
+ if (cc->tostore == LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) {
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, cc->tostore); /* flush */
+ cc->tostore = 0; /* no more items pending */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void lastlistfield (FuncState *fs, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ if (cc->tostore == 0) return;
+ if (hasmultret(cc->v.k)) {
+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &cc->v);
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, LUA_MULTRET);
+ cc->na--; /* do not count last expression (unknown number of elements) */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (cc->v.k != VVOID)
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, cc->tostore);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void listfield (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ /* listfield -> exp */
+ expr(ls, &cc->v);
+ checklimit(ls->fs, cc->na, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor");
+ cc->na++;
+ cc->tostore++;
+}
+
+
+static void field (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ /* field -> listfield | recfield */
+ switch(ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_NAME: { /* may be 'listfield' or 'recfield' */
+ if (luaX_lookahead(ls) != '=') /* expression? */
+ listfield(ls, cc);
+ else
+ recfield(ls, cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '[': {
+ recfield(ls, cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ listfield(ls, cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void constructor (LexState *ls, expdesc *t) {
+ /* constructor -> '{' [ field { sep field } [sep] ] '}'
+ sep -> ',' | ';' */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ int pc = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NEWTABLE, 0, 0, 0);
+ struct ConsControl cc;
+ cc.na = cc.nh = cc.tostore = 0;
+ cc.t = t;
+ init_exp(t, VRELOCABLE, pc);
+ init_exp(&cc.v, VVOID, 0); /* no value (yet) */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, t); /* fix it at stack top */
+ checknext(ls, '{');
+ do {
+ lua_assert(cc.v.k == VVOID || cc.tostore > 0);
+ if (ls->t.token == '}') break;
+ closelistfield(fs, &cc);
+ field(ls, &cc);
+ } while (testnext(ls, ',') || testnext(ls, ';'));
+ check_match(ls, '}', '{', line);
+ lastlistfield(fs, &cc);
+ SETARG_B(fs->f->code[pc], luaO_int2fb(cc.na)); /* set initial array size */
+ SETARG_C(fs->f->code[pc], luaO_int2fb(cc.nh)); /* set initial table size */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+
+static void parlist (LexState *ls) {
+ /* parlist -> [ param { `,' param } ] */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int nparams = 0;
+ f->is_vararg = 0;
+ if (ls->t.token != ')') { /* is `parlist' not empty? */
+ do {
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_NAME: { /* param -> NAME */
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+ nparams++;
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DOTS: { /* param -> `...' */
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ f->is_vararg = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "<name> or " LUA_QL("...") " expected");
+ }
+ } while (!f->is_vararg && testnext(ls, ','));
+ }
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nparams);
+ f->numparams = cast_byte(fs->nactvar);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, fs->nactvar); /* reserve register for parameters */
+}
+
+
+static void body (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, int ismethod, int line) {
+ /* body -> `(' parlist `)' block END */
+ FuncState new_fs;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ new_fs.f = addprototype(ls);
+ new_fs.f->linedefined = line;
+ open_func(ls, &new_fs, &bl);
+ checknext(ls, '(');
+ if (ismethod) {
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "self"); /* create 'self' parameter */
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 1);
+ }
+ parlist(ls);
+ checknext(ls, ')');
+ statlist(ls);
+ new_fs.f->lastlinedefined = ls->linenumber;
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FUNCTION, line);
+ codeclosure(ls, e);
+ close_func(ls);
+}
+
+
+static int explist (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* explist -> expr { `,' expr } */
+ int n = 1; /* at least one expression */
+ expr(ls, v);
+ while (testnext(ls, ',')) {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, v);
+ expr(ls, v);
+ n++;
+ }
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static void funcargs (LexState *ls, expdesc *f, int line) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc args;
+ int base, nparams;
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '(': { /* funcargs -> `(' [ explist ] `)' */
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ if (ls->t.token == ')') /* arg list is empty? */
+ args.k = VVOID;
+ else {
+ explist(ls, &args);
+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &args);
+ }
+ check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '{': { /* funcargs -> constructor */
+ constructor(ls, &args);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_STRING: { /* funcargs -> STRING */
+ codestring(ls, &args, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+ luaX_next(ls); /* must use `seminfo' before `next' */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "function arguments expected");
+ }
+ }
+ lua_assert(f->k == VNONRELOC);
+ base = f->u.info; /* base register for call */
+ if (hasmultret(args.k))
+ nparams = LUA_MULTRET; /* open call */
+ else {
+ if (args.k != VVOID)
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &args); /* close last argument */
+ nparams = fs->freereg - (base+1);
+ }
+ init_exp(f, VCALL, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CALL, base, nparams+1, 2));
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+ fs->freereg = (lu_byte)base + 1; /* call remove function and arguments and leaves
+ (unless changed) one result */
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Expression parsing
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void primaryexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* primaryexp -> NAME | '(' expr ')' */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '(': {
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ expr(ls, v);
+ check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);
+ luaK_dischargevars(ls->fs, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ case TK_NAME: {
+ singlevar(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "unexpected symbol");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void suffixedexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* suffixedexp ->
+ primaryexp { '.' NAME | '[' exp ']' | ':' NAME funcargs | funcargs } */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ primaryexp(ls, v);
+ for (;;) {
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '.': { /* fieldsel */
+ fieldsel(ls, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '[': { /* `[' exp1 `]' */
+ expdesc key;
+ luaK_exp2anyregup(fs, v);
+ yindex(ls, &key);
+ luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+ break;
+ }
+ case ':': { /* `:' NAME funcargs */
+ expdesc key;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ luaK_self(fs, v, &key);
+ funcargs(ls, v, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '(': case TK_STRING: case '{': { /* funcargs */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v);
+ funcargs(ls, v, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: return;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void simpleexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* simpleexp -> NUMBER | STRING | NIL | TRUE | FALSE | ... |
+ constructor | FUNCTION body | suffixedexp */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_NUMBER: {
+ init_exp(v, VKNUM, 0);
+ v->u.nval = ls->t.seminfo.r;
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_STRING: {
+ codestring(ls, v, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_NIL: {
+ init_exp(v, VNIL, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_TRUE: {
+ init_exp(v, VTRUE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_FALSE: {
+ init_exp(v, VFALSE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DOTS: { /* vararg */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ check_condition(ls, fs->f->is_vararg,
+ "cannot use " LUA_QL("...") " outside a vararg function");
+ init_exp(v, VVARARG, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_VARARG, 0, 1, 0));
+ break;
+ }
+ case '{': { /* constructor */
+ constructor(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ case TK_FUNCTION: {
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ body(ls, v, 0, ls->linenumber);
+ return;
+ }
+ default: {
+ suffixedexp(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+static UnOpr getunopr (int op) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case TK_NOT: return OPR_NOT;
+ case '-': return OPR_MINUS;
+ case '#': return OPR_LEN;
+ default: return OPR_NOUNOPR;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static BinOpr getbinopr (int op) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case '+': return OPR_ADD;
+ case '-': return OPR_SUB;
+ case '*': return OPR_MUL;
+ case '/': return OPR_DIV;
+ case '%': return OPR_MOD;
+ case '^': return OPR_POW;
+ case TK_CONCAT: return OPR_CONCAT;
+ case TK_NE: return OPR_NE;
+ case TK_EQ: return OPR_EQ;
+ case '<': return OPR_LT;
+ case TK_LE: return OPR_LE;
+ case '>': return OPR_GT;
+ case TK_GE: return OPR_GE;
+ case TK_AND: return OPR_AND;
+ case TK_OR: return OPR_OR;
+ default: return OPR_NOBINOPR;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const struct {
+ lu_byte left; /* left priority for each binary operator */
+ lu_byte right; /* right priority */
+} priority[] = { /* ORDER OPR */
+ {6, 6}, {6, 6}, {7, 7}, {7, 7}, {7, 7}, /* `+' `-' `*' `/' `%' */
+ {10, 9}, {5, 4}, /* ^, .. (right associative) */
+ {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3}, /* ==, <, <= */
+ {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3}, /* ~=, >, >= */
+ {2, 2}, {1, 1} /* and, or */
+};
+
+#define UNARY_PRIORITY 8 /* priority for unary operators */
+
+
+/*
+** subexpr -> (simpleexp | unop subexpr) { binop subexpr }
+** where `binop' is any binary operator with a priority higher than `limit'
+*/
+static BinOpr subexpr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v, int limit) {
+ BinOpr op;
+ UnOpr uop;
+ enterlevel(ls);
+ uop = getunopr(ls->t.token);
+ if (uop != OPR_NOUNOPR) {
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ subexpr(ls, v, UNARY_PRIORITY);
+ luaK_prefix(ls->fs, uop, v, line);
+ }
+ else simpleexp(ls, v);
+ /* expand while operators have priorities higher than `limit' */
+ op = getbinopr(ls->t.token);
+ while (op != OPR_NOBINOPR && priority[op].left > limit) {
+ expdesc v2;
+ BinOpr nextop;
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ luaK_infix(ls->fs, op, v);
+ /* read sub-expression with higher priority */
+ nextop = subexpr(ls, &v2, priority[op].right);
+ luaK_posfix(ls->fs, op, v, &v2, line);
+ op = nextop;
+ }
+ leavelevel(ls);
+ return op; /* return first untreated operator */
+}
+
+
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ subexpr(ls, v, 0);
+}
+
+/* }==================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Rules for Statements
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void block (LexState *ls) {
+ /* block -> statlist */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);
+ statlist(ls);
+ leaveblock(fs);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** structure to chain all variables in the left-hand side of an
+** assignment
+*/
+struct LHS_assign {
+ struct LHS_assign *prev;
+ expdesc v; /* variable (global, local, upvalue, or indexed) */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** check whether, in an assignment to an upvalue/local variable, the
+** upvalue/local variable is begin used in a previous assignment to a
+** table. If so, save original upvalue/local value in a safe place and
+** use this safe copy in the previous assignment.
+*/
+static void check_conflict (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, expdesc *v) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int extra = fs->freereg; /* eventual position to save local variable */
+ int conflict = 0;
+ for (; lh; lh = lh->prev) { /* check all previous assignments */
+ if (lh->v.k == VINDEXED) { /* assigning to a table? */
+ /* table is the upvalue/local being assigned now? */
+ if (lh->v.u.ind.vt == v->k && lh->v.u.ind.t == v->u.info) {
+ conflict = 1;
+ lh->v.u.ind.vt = VLOCAL;
+ lh->v.u.ind.t = (lu_byte)extra; /* previous assignment will use safe copy */
+ }
+ /* index is the local being assigned? (index cannot be upvalue) */
+ if (v->k == VLOCAL && lh->v.u.ind.idx == v->u.info) {
+ conflict = 1;
+ lh->v.u.ind.idx = (short)extra; /* previous assignment will use safe copy */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (conflict) {
+ /* copy upvalue/local value to a temporary (in position 'extra') */
+ OpCode op = (v->k == VLOCAL) ? OP_MOVE : OP_GETUPVAL;
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, op, extra, v->u.info, 0);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void assignment (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, int nvars) {
+ expdesc e;
+ check_condition(ls, vkisvar(lh->v.k), "syntax error");
+ if (testnext(ls, ',')) { /* assignment -> ',' suffixedexp assignment */
+ struct LHS_assign nv;
+ nv.prev = lh;
+ suffixedexp(ls, &nv.v);
+ if (nv.v.k != VINDEXED)
+ check_conflict(ls, lh, &nv.v);
+ checklimit(ls->fs, nvars + ls->L->nCcalls, LUAI_MAXCCALLS,
+ "C levels");
+ assignment(ls, &nv, nvars+1);
+ }
+ else { /* assignment -> `=' explist */
+ int nexps;
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ nexps = explist(ls, &e);
+ if (nexps != nvars) {
+ adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+ if (nexps > nvars)
+ ls->fs->freereg -= (lu_byte)(nexps - nvars); /* remove extra values */
+ }
+ else {
+ luaK_setoneret(ls->fs, &e); /* close last expression */
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+ return; /* avoid default */
+ }
+ }
+ init_exp(&e, VNONRELOC, ls->fs->freereg-1); /* default assignment */
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+}
+
+
+static int cond (LexState *ls) {
+ /* cond -> exp */
+ expdesc v;
+ expr(ls, &v); /* read condition */
+ if (v.k == VNIL) v.k = VFALSE; /* `falses' are all equal here */
+ luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v);
+ return v.f;
+}
+
+
+static void gotostat (LexState *ls, int pc) {
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ TString *label;
+ int g;
+ if (testnext(ls, TK_GOTO))
+ label = str_checkname(ls);
+ else {
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip break */
+ label = luaS_new(ls->L, "break");
+ }
+ g = newlabelentry(ls, &ls->dyd->gt, label, line, pc);
+ findlabel(ls, g); /* close it if label already defined */
+}
+
+
+/* check for repeated labels on the same block */
+static void checkrepeated (FuncState *fs, Labellist *ll, TString *label) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = fs->bl->firstlabel; i < ll->n; i++) {
+ if (luaS_eqstr(label, ll->arr[i].name)) {
+ const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(fs->ls->L,
+ "label " LUA_QS " already defined on line %d",
+ getstr(label), ll->arr[i].line);
+ semerror(fs->ls, msg);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* skip no-op statements */
+static void skipnoopstat (LexState *ls) {
+ while (ls->t.token == ';' || ls->t.token == TK_DBCOLON)
+ statement(ls);
+}
+
+
+static void labelstat (LexState *ls, TString *label, int line) {
+ /* label -> '::' NAME '::' */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Labellist *ll = &ls->dyd->label;
+ int l; /* index of new label being created */
+ checkrepeated(fs, ll, label); /* check for repeated labels */
+ checknext(ls, TK_DBCOLON); /* skip double colon */
+ /* create new entry for this label */
+ l = newlabelentry(ls, ll, label, line, fs->pc);
+ skipnoopstat(ls); /* skip other no-op statements */
+ if (block_follow(ls, 0)) { /* label is last no-op statement in the block? */
+ /* assume that locals are already out of scope */
+ ll->arr[l].nactvar = fs->bl->nactvar;
+ }
+ findgotos(ls, &ll->arr[l]);
+}
+
+
+static void whilestat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* whilestat -> WHILE cond DO block END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int whileinit;
+ int condexit;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip WHILE */
+ whileinit = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ condexit = cond(ls);
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 1);
+ checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+ block(ls);
+ luaK_jumpto(fs, whileinit);
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_WHILE, line);
+ leaveblock(fs);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, condexit); /* false conditions finish the loop */
+}
+
+
+static void repeatstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* repeatstat -> REPEAT block UNTIL cond */
+ int condexit;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int repeat_init = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ BlockCnt bl1, bl2;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl1, 1); /* loop block */
+ enterblock(fs, &bl2, 0); /* scope block */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip REPEAT */
+ statlist(ls);
+ check_match(ls, TK_UNTIL, TK_REPEAT, line);
+ condexit = cond(ls); /* read condition (inside scope block) */
+ if (bl2.upval) /* upvalues? */
+ luaK_patchclose(fs, condexit, bl2.nactvar);
+ leaveblock(fs); /* finish scope */
+ luaK_patchlist(fs, condexit, repeat_init); /* close the loop */
+ leaveblock(fs); /* finish loop */
+}
+
+
+static int exp1 (LexState *ls) {
+ expdesc e;
+ int reg;
+ expr(ls, &e);
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, &e);
+ lua_assert(e.k == VNONRELOC);
+ reg = e.u.info;
+ return reg;
+}
+
+
+static void forbody (LexState *ls, int base, int line, int nvars, int isnum) {
+ /* forbody -> DO block */
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int prep, endfor;
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 3); /* control variables */
+ checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+ prep = isnum ? luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_FORPREP, base, NO_JUMP) : luaK_jump(fs);
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0); /* scope for declared variables */
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, nvars);
+ block(ls);
+ leaveblock(fs); /* end of scope for declared variables */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, prep);
+ if (isnum) /* numeric for? */
+ endfor = luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_FORLOOP, base, NO_JUMP);
+ else { /* generic for */
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_TFORCALL, base, 0, nvars);
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+ endfor = luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_TFORLOOP, base + 2, NO_JUMP);
+ }
+ luaK_patchlist(fs, endfor, prep + 1);
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+}
+
+
+static void fornum (LexState *ls, TString *varname, int line) {
+ /* fornum -> NAME = exp1,exp1[,exp1] forbody */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int base = fs->freereg;
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for index)");
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for limit)");
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for step)");
+ new_localvar(ls, varname);
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ exp1(ls); /* initial value */
+ checknext(ls, ',');
+ exp1(ls); /* limit */
+ if (testnext(ls, ','))
+ exp1(ls); /* optional step */
+ else { /* default step = 1 */
+ luaK_codek(fs, fs->freereg, luaK_numberK(fs, 1));
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+ forbody(ls, base, line, 1, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void forlist (LexState *ls, TString *indexname) {
+ /* forlist -> NAME {,NAME} IN explist forbody */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc e;
+ int nvars = 4; /* gen, state, control, plus at least one declared var */
+ int line;
+ int base = fs->freereg;
+ /* create control variables */
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for generator)");
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for control)");
+ /* create declared variables */
+ new_localvar(ls, indexname);
+ while (testnext(ls, ',')) {
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+ nvars++;
+ }
+ checknext(ls, TK_IN);
+ line = ls->linenumber;
+ adjust_assign(ls, 3, explist(ls, &e), &e);
+ luaK_checkstack(fs, 3); /* extra space to call generator */
+ forbody(ls, base, line, nvars - 3, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void forstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* forstat -> FOR (fornum | forlist) END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ TString *varname;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 1); /* scope for loop and control variables */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip `for' */
+ varname = str_checkname(ls); /* first variable name */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '=': fornum(ls, varname, line); break;
+ case ',': case TK_IN: forlist(ls, varname); break;
+ default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, LUA_QL("=") " or " LUA_QL("in") " expected");
+ }
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FOR, line);
+ leaveblock(fs); /* loop scope (`break' jumps to this point) */
+}
+
+
+static void test_then_block (LexState *ls, int *escapelist) {
+ /* test_then_block -> [IF | ELSEIF] cond THEN block */
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc v;
+ int jf; /* instruction to skip 'then' code (if condition is false) */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip IF or ELSEIF */
+ expr(ls, &v); /* read condition */
+ checknext(ls, TK_THEN);
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_GOTO || ls->t.token == TK_BREAK) {
+ luaK_goiffalse(ls->fs, &v); /* will jump to label if condition is true */
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0); /* must enter block before 'goto' */
+ gotostat(ls, v.t); /* handle goto/break */
+ skipnoopstat(ls); /* skip other no-op statements */
+ if (block_follow(ls, 0)) { /* 'goto' is the entire block? */
+ leaveblock(fs);
+ return; /* and that is it */
+ }
+ else /* must skip over 'then' part if condition is false */
+ jf = luaK_jump(fs);
+ }
+ else { /* regular case (not goto/break) */
+ luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v); /* skip over block if condition is false */
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);
+ jf = v.f;
+ }
+ statlist(ls); /* `then' part */
+ leaveblock(fs);
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_ELSE ||
+ ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF) /* followed by 'else'/'elseif'? */
+ luaK_concat(fs, escapelist, luaK_jump(fs)); /* must jump over it */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, jf);
+}
+
+
+static void ifstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* ifstat -> IF cond THEN block {ELSEIF cond THEN block} [ELSE block] END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int escapelist = NO_JUMP; /* exit list for finished parts */
+ test_then_block(ls, &escapelist); /* IF cond THEN block */
+ while (ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF)
+ test_then_block(ls, &escapelist); /* ELSEIF cond THEN block */
+ if (testnext(ls, TK_ELSE))
+ block(ls); /* `else' part */
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_IF, line);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, escapelist); /* patch escape list to 'if' end */
+}
+
+
+static void localfunc (LexState *ls) {
+ expdesc b;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls)); /* new local variable */
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 1); /* enter its scope */
+ body(ls, &b, 0, ls->linenumber); /* function created in next register */
+ /* debug information will only see the variable after this point! */
+ getlocvar(fs, b.u.info)->startpc = fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static void localstat (LexState *ls) {
+ /* stat -> LOCAL NAME {`,' NAME} [`=' explist] */
+ int nvars = 0;
+ int nexps;
+ expdesc e;
+ do {
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+ nvars++;
+ } while (testnext(ls, ','));
+ if (testnext(ls, '='))
+ nexps = explist(ls, &e);
+ else {
+ e.k = VVOID;
+ nexps = 0;
+ }
+ adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+}
+
+
+static int funcname (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* funcname -> NAME {fieldsel} [`:' NAME] */
+ int ismethod = 0;
+ singlevar(ls, v);
+ while (ls->t.token == '.')
+ fieldsel(ls, v);
+ if (ls->t.token == ':') {
+ ismethod = 1;
+ fieldsel(ls, v);
+ }
+ return ismethod;
+}
+
+
+static void funcstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* funcstat -> FUNCTION funcname body */
+ int ismethod;
+ expdesc v, b;
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip FUNCTION */
+ ismethod = funcname(ls, &v);
+ body(ls, &b, ismethod, line);
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &v, &b);
+ luaK_fixline(ls->fs, line); /* definition `happens' in the first line */
+}
+
+
+static void exprstat (LexState *ls) {
+ /* stat -> func | assignment */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ struct LHS_assign v;
+ suffixedexp(ls, &v.v);
+ if (ls->t.token == '=' || ls->t.token == ',') { /* stat -> assignment ? */
+ v.prev = NULL;
+ assignment(ls, &v, 1);
+ }
+ else { /* stat -> func */
+ check_condition(ls, v.v.k == VCALL, "syntax error");
+ SETARG_C(getcode(fs, &v.v), 1); /* call statement uses no results */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void retstat (LexState *ls) {
+ /* stat -> RETURN [explist] [';'] */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc e;
+ int first, nret; /* registers with returned values */
+ if (block_follow(ls, 1) || ls->t.token == ';')
+ first = nret = 0; /* return no values */
+ else {
+ nret = explist(ls, &e); /* optional return values */
+ if (hasmultret(e.k)) {
+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &e);
+ if (e.k == VCALL && nret == 1) { /* tail call? */
+ SET_OPCODE(getcode(fs,&e), OP_TAILCALL);
+ lua_assert(GETARG_A(getcode(fs,&e)) == fs->nactvar);
+ }
+ first = fs->nactvar;
+ nret = LUA_MULTRET; /* return all values */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (nret == 1) /* only one single value? */
+ first = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, &e);
+ else {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &e); /* values must go to the `stack' */
+ first = fs->nactvar; /* return all `active' values */
+ lua_assert(nret == fs->freereg - first);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_ret(fs, first, nret);
+ testnext(ls, ';'); /* skip optional semicolon */
+}
+
+
+static void statement (LexState *ls) {
+ int line = ls->linenumber; /* may be needed for error messages */
+ enterlevel(ls);
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case ';': { /* stat -> ';' (empty statement) */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip ';' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_IF: { /* stat -> ifstat */
+ ifstat(ls, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_WHILE: { /* stat -> whilestat */
+ whilestat(ls, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DO: { /* stat -> DO block END */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip DO */
+ block(ls);
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_DO, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_FOR: { /* stat -> forstat */
+ forstat(ls, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_REPEAT: { /* stat -> repeatstat */
+ repeatstat(ls, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_FUNCTION: { /* stat -> funcstat */
+ funcstat(ls, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_LOCAL: { /* stat -> localstat */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip LOCAL */
+ if (testnext(ls, TK_FUNCTION)) /* local function? */
+ localfunc(ls);
+ else
+ localstat(ls);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DBCOLON: { /* stat -> label */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip double colon */
+ labelstat(ls, str_checkname(ls), line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_RETURN: { /* stat -> retstat */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip RETURN */
+ retstat(ls);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_BREAK: /* stat -> breakstat */
+ case TK_GOTO: { /* stat -> 'goto' NAME */
+ gotostat(ls, luaK_jump(ls->fs));
+ break;
+ }
+ default: { /* stat -> func | assignment */
+ exprstat(ls);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_assert(ls->fs->f->maxstacksize >= ls->fs->freereg &&
+ ls->fs->freereg >= ls->fs->nactvar);
+ ls->fs->freereg = ls->fs->nactvar; /* free registers */
+ leavelevel(ls);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** compiles the main function, which is a regular vararg function with an
+** upvalue named LUA_ENV
+*/
+static void mainfunc (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs) {
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ expdesc v;
+ open_func(ls, fs, &bl);
+ fs->f->is_vararg = 1; /* main function is always vararg */
+ init_exp(&v, VLOCAL, 0); /* create and... */
+ newupvalue(fs, ls->envn, &v); /* ...set environment upvalue */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* read first token */
+ statlist(ls); /* parse main body */
+ check(ls, TK_EOS);
+ close_func(ls);
+}
+
+
+Closure *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+ Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar) {
+ LexState lexstate;
+ FuncState funcstate;
+ Closure *cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, 1); /* create main closure */
+ /* anchor closure (to avoid being collected) */
+ setclLvalue(L, L->top, cl);
+ incr_top(L);
+ funcstate.f = cl->l.p = luaF_newproto(L);
+ funcstate.f->source = luaS_new(L, name); /* create and anchor TString */
+ lexstate.buff = buff;
+ lexstate.dyd = dyd;
+ dyd->actvar.n = dyd->gt.n = dyd->label.n = 0;
+ luaX_setinput(L, &lexstate, z, funcstate.f->source, firstchar);
+ mainfunc(&lexstate, &funcstate);
+ lua_assert(!funcstate.prev && funcstate.nups == 1 && !lexstate.fs);
+ /* all scopes should be correctly finished */
+ lua_assert(dyd->actvar.n == 0 && dyd->gt.n == 0 && dyd->label.n == 0);
+ return cl; /* it's on the stack too */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.h,v 1.70.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lparser_h
+#define lparser_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Expression descriptor
+*/
+
+typedef enum {
+ VVOID, /* no value */
+ VNIL,
+ VTRUE,
+ VFALSE,
+ VK, /* info = index of constant in `k' */
+ VKNUM, /* nval = numerical value */
+ VNONRELOC, /* info = result register */
+ VLOCAL, /* info = local register */
+ VUPVAL, /* info = index of upvalue in 'upvalues' */
+ VINDEXED, /* t = table register/upvalue; idx = index R/K */
+ VJMP, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VRELOCABLE, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VCALL, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VVARARG /* info = instruction pc */
+} expkind;
+
+
+#define vkisvar(k) (VLOCAL <= (k) && (k) <= VINDEXED)
+#define vkisinreg(k) ((k) == VNONRELOC || (k) == VLOCAL)
+
+typedef struct expdesc {
+ expkind k;
+ union {
+ struct { /* for indexed variables (VINDEXED) */
+ short idx; /* index (R/K) */
+ lu_byte t; /* table (register or upvalue) */
+ lu_byte vt; /* whether 't' is register (VLOCAL) or upvalue (VUPVAL) */
+ } ind;
+ int info; /* for generic use */
+ lua_Number nval; /* for VKNUM */
+ } u;
+ int t; /* patch list of `exit when true' */
+ int f; /* patch list of `exit when false' */
+} expdesc;
+
+
+/* description of active local variable */
+typedef struct Vardesc {
+ short idx; /* variable index in stack */
+} Vardesc;
+
+
+/* description of pending goto statements and label statements */
+typedef struct Labeldesc {
+ TString *name; /* label identifier */
+ int pc; /* position in code */
+ int line; /* line where it appeared */
+ lu_byte nactvar; /* local level where it appears in current block */
+} Labeldesc;
+
+
+/* list of labels or gotos */
+typedef struct Labellist {
+ Labeldesc *arr; /* array */
+ int n; /* number of entries in use */
+ int size; /* array size */
+} Labellist;
+
+
+/* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+typedef struct Dyndata {
+ struct { /* list of active local variables */
+ Vardesc *arr;
+ int n;
+ int size;
+ } actvar;
+ Labellist gt; /* list of pending gotos */
+ Labellist label; /* list of active labels */
+} Dyndata;
+
+
+/* control of blocks */
+struct BlockCnt; /* defined in lparser.c */
+
+
+/* state needed to generate code for a given function */
+typedef struct FuncState {
+ Proto *f; /* current function header */
+ Table *h; /* table to find (and reuse) elements in `k' */
+ struct FuncState *prev; /* enclosing function */
+ struct LexState *ls; /* lexical state */
+ struct BlockCnt *bl; /* chain of current blocks */
+ int pc; /* next position to code (equivalent to `ncode') */
+ int lasttarget; /* 'label' of last 'jump label' */
+ int jpc; /* list of pending jumps to `pc' */
+ int nk; /* number of elements in `k' */
+ int np; /* number of elements in `p' */
+ int firstlocal; /* index of first local var (in Dyndata array) */
+ short nlocvars; /* number of elements in 'f->locvars' */
+ lu_byte nactvar; /* number of active local variables */
+ lu_byte nups; /* number of upvalues */
+ lu_byte freereg; /* first free register */
+} FuncState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+ Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.c,v 2.99.1.2 2013/11/08 17:45:31 roberto Exp $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lstate_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(LUAI_GCPAUSE)
+#define LUAI_GCPAUSE 200 /* 200% */
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUAI_GCMAJOR)
+#define LUAI_GCMAJOR 200 /* 200% */
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUAI_GCMUL)
+#define LUAI_GCMUL 200 /* GC runs 'twice the speed' of memory allocation */
+#endif
+
+
+#define MEMERRMSG "not enough memory"
+
+
+/*
+** a macro to help the creation of a unique random seed when a state is
+** created; the seed is used to randomize hashes.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_makeseed)
+#include <time.h>
+#define luai_makeseed() cast(unsigned int, time(NULL))
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** thread state + extra space
+*/
+typedef struct LX {
+#if defined(LUAI_EXTRASPACE)
+ char buff[LUAI_EXTRASPACE];
+#endif
+ lua_State l;
+} LX;
+
+
+/*
+** Main thread combines a thread state and the global state
+*/
+typedef struct LG {
+ LX l;
+ global_State g;
+} LG;
+
+
+
+#define fromstate(L) (cast(LX *, cast(lu_byte *, (L)) - offsetof(LX, l)))
+
+
+/*
+** Compute an initial seed as random as possible. In ANSI, rely on
+** Address Space Layout Randomization (if present) to increase
+** randomness..
+*/
+#define addbuff(b,p,e) \
+ { size_t t = cast(size_t, e); \
+ memcpy(buff + p, &t, sizeof(t)); p += sizeof(t); }
+
+static unsigned int makeseed (lua_State *L) {
+ char buff[4 * sizeof(size_t)];
+ unsigned int h = luai_makeseed();
+ int p = 0;
+ addbuff(buff, p, L); /* heap variable */
+ addbuff(buff, p, &h); /* local variable */
+ addbuff(buff, p, luaO_nilobject); /* global variable */
+ addbuff(buff, p, &lua_newstate); /* public function */
+ lua_assert(p == sizeof(buff));
+ return luaS_hash(buff, p, h);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** set GCdebt to a new value keeping the value (totalbytes + GCdebt)
+** invariant
+*/
+void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt) {
+ g->totalbytes -= (debt - g->GCdebt);
+ g->GCdebt = debt;
+}
+
+
+CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = luaM_new(L, CallInfo);
+ lua_assert(L->ci->next == NULL);
+ L->ci->next = ci;
+ ci->previous = L->ci;
+ ci->next = NULL;
+ return ci;
+}
+
+
+void luaE_freeCI (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ CallInfo *next = ci->next;
+ ci->next = NULL;
+ while ((ci = next) != NULL) {
+ next = ci->next;
+ luaM_free(L, ci);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void stack_init (lua_State *L1, lua_State *L) {
+ int i; CallInfo *ci;
+ /* initialize stack array */
+ L1->stack = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE, TValue);
+ L1->stacksize = BASIC_STACK_SIZE;
+ for (i = 0; i < BASIC_STACK_SIZE; i++)
+ setnilvalue(L1->stack + i); /* erase new stack */
+ L1->top = L1->stack;
+ L1->stack_last = L1->stack + L1->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK;
+ /* initialize first ci */
+ ci = &L1->base_ci;
+ ci->next = ci->previous = NULL;
+ ci->callstatus = 0;
+ ci->func = L1->top;
+ setnilvalue(L1->top++); /* 'function' entry for this 'ci' */
+ ci->top = L1->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+ L1->ci = ci;
+}
+
+
+static void freestack (lua_State *L) {
+ if (L->stack == NULL)
+ return; /* stack not completely built yet */
+ L->ci = &L->base_ci; /* free the entire 'ci' list */
+ luaE_freeCI(L);
+ luaM_freearray(L, L->stack, L->stacksize); /* free stack array */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create registry table and its predefined values
+*/
+static void init_registry (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+ TValue mt;
+ /* create registry */
+ Table *registry = luaH_new(L);
+ sethvalue(L, &g->l_registry, registry);
+ luaH_resize(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_LAST, 0);
+ /* registry[LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD] = L */
+ setthvalue(L, &mt, L);
+ luaH_setint(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD, &mt);
+ /* registry[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS] = table of globals */
+ sethvalue(L, &mt, luaH_new(L));
+ luaH_setint(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS, &mt);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** open parts of the state that may cause memory-allocation errors
+*/
+static void f_luaopen (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ UNUSED(ud);
+ stack_init(L, L); /* init stack */
+ init_registry(L, g);
+ luaS_resize(L, MINSTRTABSIZE); /* initial size of string table */
+ luaT_init(L);
+ luaX_init(L);
+ /* pre-create memory-error message */
+ g->memerrmsg = luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG);
+ luaS_fix(g->memerrmsg); /* it should never be collected */
+ g->gcrunning = 1; /* allow gc */
+ g->version = lua_version(NULL);
+ luai_userstateopen(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** preinitialize a state with consistent values without allocating
+** any memory (to avoid errors)
+*/
+static void preinit_state (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+ G(L) = g;
+ L->stack = NULL;
+ L->ci = NULL;
+ L->stacksize = 0;
+ L->errorJmp = NULL;
+ L->nCcalls = 0;
+ L->hook = NULL;
+ L->hookmask = 0;
+ L->basehookcount = 0;
+ L->allowhook = 1;
+ resethookcount(L);
+ L->openupval = NULL;
+ L->nny = 1;
+ L->status = LUA_OK;
+ L->errfunc = 0;
+}
+
+
+static void close_state (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ luaF_close(L, L->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+ luaC_freeallobjects(L); /* collect all objects */
+ if (g->version) /* closing a fully built state? */
+ luai_userstateclose(L);
+ luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, G(L)->strt.size);
+ luaZ_freebuffer(L, &g->buff);
+ freestack(L);
+ lua_assert(gettotalbytes(g) == sizeof(LG));
+ (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, fromstate(L), sizeof(LG), 0); /* free main block */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *L1;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ L1 = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LX), NULL, offsetof(LX, l))->th;
+ setthvalue(L, L->top, L1);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ preinit_state(L1, G(L));
+ L1->hookmask = L->hookmask;
+ L1->basehookcount = L->basehookcount;
+ L1->hook = L->hook;
+ resethookcount(L1);
+ luai_userstatethread(L, L1);
+ stack_init(L1, L); /* init stack */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return L1;
+}
+
+
+void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
+ LX *l = fromstate(L1);
+ luaF_close(L1, L1->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+ lua_assert(L1->openupval == NULL);
+ luai_userstatefree(L, L1);
+ freestack(L1);
+ luaM_free(L, l);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+ int i;
+ lua_State *L;
+ global_State *g;
+ LG *l = cast(LG *, (*f)(ud, NULL, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LG)));
+ if (l == NULL) return NULL;
+ L = &l->l.l;
+ g = &l->g;
+ L->next = NULL;
+ L->tt = LUA_TTHREAD;
+ g->currentwhite = bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, FIXEDBIT);
+ L->marked = luaC_white(g);
+ g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
+ preinit_state(L, g);
+ g->frealloc = f;
+ g->ud = ud;
+ g->mainthread = L;
+ g->seed = makeseed(L);
+ g->uvhead.u.l.prev = &g->uvhead;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.next = &g->uvhead;
+ g->gcrunning = 0; /* no GC while building state */
+ g->GCestimate = 0;
+ g->strt.size = 0;
+ g->strt.nuse = 0;
+ g->strt.hash = NULL;
+ setnilvalue(&g->l_registry);
+ luaZ_initbuffer(L, &g->buff);
+ g->panic = NULL;
+ g->version = NULL;
+ g->gcstate = GCSpause;
+ g->allgc = NULL;
+ g->finobj = NULL;
+ g->tobefnz = NULL;
+ g->sweepgc = g->sweepfin = NULL;
+ g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
+ g->weak = g->ephemeron = g->allweak = NULL;
+ g->totalbytes = sizeof(LG);
+ g->GCdebt = 0;
+ g->gcpause = LUAI_GCPAUSE;
+ g->gcmajorinc = LUAI_GCMAJOR;
+ g->gcstepmul = LUAI_GCMUL;
+ for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL;
+ if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_luaopen, NULL) != LUA_OK) {
+ /* memory allocation error: free partial state */
+ close_state(L);
+ L = NULL;
+ }
+ return L;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_close (lua_State *L) {
+ L = G(L)->mainthread; /* only the main thread can be closed */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ close_state(L);
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.h,v 2.82.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstate_h
+#define lstate_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+
+** Some notes about garbage-collected objects: All objects in Lua must
+** be kept somehow accessible until being freed.
+**
+** Lua keeps most objects linked in list g->allgc. The link uses field
+** 'next' of the CommonHeader.
+**
+** Strings are kept in several lists headed by the array g->strt.hash.
+**
+** Open upvalues are not subject to independent garbage collection. They
+** are collected together with their respective threads. Lua keeps a
+** double-linked list with all open upvalues (g->uvhead) so that it can
+** mark objects referred by them. (They are always gray, so they must
+** be remarked in the atomic step. Usually their contents would be marked
+** when traversing the respective threads, but the thread may already be
+** dead, while the upvalue is still accessible through closures.)
+**
+** Objects with finalizers are kept in the list g->finobj.
+**
+** The list g->tobefnz links all objects being finalized.
+
+*/
+
+
+struct lua_longjmp; /* defined in ldo.c */
+
+
+
+/* extra stack space to handle TM calls and some other extras */
+#define EXTRA_STACK 5
+
+
+#define BASIC_STACK_SIZE (2*LUA_MINSTACK)
+
+
+/* kinds of Garbage Collection */
+#define KGC_NORMAL 0
+#define KGC_EMERGENCY 1 /* gc was forced by an allocation failure */
+#define KGC_GEN 2 /* generational collection */
+
+
+typedef struct stringtable {
+ GCObject **hash;
+ lu_int32 nuse; /* number of elements */
+ int size;
+} stringtable;
+
+
+/*
+** information about a call
+*/
+typedef struct CallInfo {
+ StkId func; /* function index in the stack */
+ StkId top; /* top for this function */
+ struct CallInfo *previous, *next; /* dynamic call link */
+ short nresults; /* expected number of results from this function */
+ lu_byte callstatus;
+ ptrdiff_t extra;
+ union {
+ struct { /* only for Lua functions */
+ StkId base; /* base for this function */
+ const Instruction *savedpc;
+ } l;
+ struct { /* only for C functions */
+ int ctx; /* context info. in case of yields */
+ lua_CFunction k; /* continuation in case of yields */
+ ptrdiff_t old_errfunc;
+ lu_byte old_allowhook;
+ lu_byte status;
+ } c;
+ } u;
+} CallInfo;
+
+
+/*
+** Bits in CallInfo status
+*/
+#define CIST_LUA (1<<0) /* call is running a Lua function */
+#define CIST_HOOKED (1<<1) /* call is running a debug hook */
+#define CIST_REENTRY (1<<2) /* call is running on same invocation of
+ luaV_execute of previous call */
+#define CIST_YIELDED (1<<3) /* call reentered after suspension */
+#define CIST_YPCALL (1<<4) /* call is a yieldable protected call */
+#define CIST_STAT (1<<5) /* call has an error status (pcall) */
+#define CIST_TAIL (1<<6) /* call was tail called */
+#define CIST_HOOKYIELD (1<<7) /* last hook called yielded */
+
+
+#define isLua(ci) ((ci)->callstatus & CIST_LUA)
+
+
+/*
+** `global state', shared by all threads of this state
+*/
+typedef struct global_State {
+ lua_Alloc frealloc; /* function to reallocate memory */
+ void *ud; /* auxiliary data to `frealloc' */
+ lu_mem totalbytes; /* number of bytes currently allocated - GCdebt */
+ l_mem GCdebt; /* bytes allocated not yet compensated by the collector */
+ lu_mem GCmemtrav; /* memory traversed by the GC */
+ lu_mem GCestimate; /* an estimate of the non-garbage memory in use */
+ stringtable strt; /* hash table for strings */
+ TValue l_registry;
+ unsigned int seed; /* randomized seed for hashes */
+ lu_byte currentwhite;
+ lu_byte gcstate; /* state of garbage collector */
+ lu_byte gckind; /* kind of GC running */
+ lu_byte gcrunning; /* true if GC is running */
+ int sweepstrgc; /* position of sweep in `strt' */
+ GCObject *allgc; /* list of all collectable objects */
+ GCObject *finobj; /* list of collectable objects with finalizers */
+ GCObject **sweepgc; /* current position of sweep in list 'allgc' */
+ GCObject **sweepfin; /* current position of sweep in list 'finobj' */
+ GCObject *gray; /* list of gray objects */
+ GCObject *grayagain; /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */
+ GCObject *weak; /* list of tables with weak values */
+ GCObject *ephemeron; /* list of ephemeron tables (weak keys) */
+ GCObject *allweak; /* list of all-weak tables */
+ GCObject *tobefnz; /* list of userdata to be GC */
+ UpVal uvhead; /* head of double-linked list of all open upvalues */
+ Mbuffer buff; /* temporary buffer for string concatenation */
+ int gcpause; /* size of pause between successive GCs */
+ int gcmajorinc; /* pause between major collections (only in gen. mode) */
+ int gcstepmul; /* GC `granularity' */
+ lua_CFunction panic; /* to be called in unprotected errors */
+ struct lua_State *mainthread;
+ const lua_Number *version; /* pointer to version number */
+ TString *memerrmsg; /* memory-error message */
+ TString *tmname[TM_N]; /* array with tag-method names */
+ struct Table *mt[LUA_NUMTAGS]; /* metatables for basic types */
+} global_State;
+
+
+/*
+** `per thread' state
+*/
+struct lua_State {
+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte status;
+ StkId top; /* first free slot in the stack */
+ global_State *l_G;
+ CallInfo *ci; /* call info for current function */
+ const Instruction *oldpc; /* last pc traced */
+ StkId stack_last; /* last free slot in the stack */
+ StkId stack; /* stack base */
+ int stacksize;
+ unsigned short nny; /* number of non-yieldable calls in stack */
+ unsigned short nCcalls; /* number of nested C calls */
+ lu_byte hookmask;
+ lu_byte allowhook;
+ int basehookcount;
+ int hookcount;
+ lua_Hook hook;
+ GCObject *openupval; /* list of open upvalues in this stack */
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp; /* current error recover point */
+ ptrdiff_t errfunc; /* current error handling function (stack index) */
+ CallInfo base_ci; /* CallInfo for first level (C calling Lua) */
+};
+
+
+#define G(L) (L->l_G)
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all collectable objects
+*/
+union GCObject {
+ GCheader gch; /* common header */
+ union TString ts;
+ union Udata u;
+ union Closure cl;
+ struct Table h;
+ struct Proto p;
+ struct UpVal uv;
+ struct lua_State th; /* thread */
+};
+
+
+#define gch(o) (&(o)->gch)
+
+/* macros to convert a GCObject into a specific value */
+#define rawgco2ts(o) \
+ check_exp(novariant((o)->gch.tt) == LUA_TSTRING, &((o)->ts))
+#define gco2ts(o) (&rawgco2ts(o)->tsv)
+#define rawgco2u(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUSERDATA, &((o)->u))
+#define gco2u(o) (&rawgco2u(o)->uv)
+#define gco2lcl(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TLCL, &((o)->cl.l))
+#define gco2ccl(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TCCL, &((o)->cl.c))
+#define gco2cl(o) \
+ check_exp(novariant((o)->gch.tt) == LUA_TFUNCTION, &((o)->cl))
+#define gco2t(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTABLE, &((o)->h))
+#define gco2p(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TPROTO, &((o)->p))
+#define gco2uv(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUPVAL, &((o)->uv))
+#define gco2th(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTHREAD, &((o)->th))
+
+/* macro to convert any Lua object into a GCObject */
+#define obj2gco(v) (cast(GCObject *, (v)))
+
+
+/* actual number of total bytes allocated */
+#define gettotalbytes(g) ((g)->totalbytes + (g)->GCdebt)
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1);
+LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freeCI (lua_State *L);
+
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.c,v 2.26.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** String table (keeps all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lstring_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Lua will use at most ~(2^LUAI_HASHLIMIT) bytes from a string to
+** compute its hash
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_HASHLIMIT)
+#define LUAI_HASHLIMIT 5
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** equality for long strings
+*/
+int luaS_eqlngstr (TString *a, TString *b) {
+ size_t len = a->tsv.len;
+ lua_assert(a->tsv.tt == LUA_TLNGSTR && b->tsv.tt == LUA_TLNGSTR);
+ return (a == b) || /* same instance or... */
+ ((len == b->tsv.len) && /* equal length and ... */
+ (memcmp(getstr(a), getstr(b), len) == 0)); /* equal contents */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** equality for strings
+*/
+int luaS_eqstr (TString *a, TString *b) {
+ return (a->tsv.tt == b->tsv.tt) &&
+ (a->tsv.tt == LUA_TSHRSTR ? eqshrstr(a, b) : luaS_eqlngstr(a, b));
+}
+
+
+unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed) {
+ unsigned int h = seed ^ cast(unsigned int, l);
+ size_t l1;
+ size_t step = (l >> LUAI_HASHLIMIT) + 1;
+ for (l1 = l; l1 >= step; l1 -= step)
+ h = h ^ ((h<<5) + (h>>2) + cast_byte(str[l1 - 1]));
+ return h;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** resizes the string table
+*/
+void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize) {
+ int i;
+ stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+ /* cannot resize while GC is traversing strings */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, ~bitmask(GCSsweepstring));
+ if (newsize > tb->size) {
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, tb->hash, tb->size, newsize, GCObject *);
+ for (i = tb->size; i < newsize; i++) tb->hash[i] = NULL;
+ }
+ /* rehash */
+ for (i=0; i<tb->size; i++) {
+ GCObject *p = tb->hash[i];
+ tb->hash[i] = NULL;
+ while (p) { /* for each node in the list */
+ GCObject *next = gch(p)->next; /* save next */
+ unsigned int h = lmod(gco2ts(p)->hash, newsize); /* new position */
+ gch(p)->next = tb->hash[h]; /* chain it */
+ tb->hash[h] = p;
+ resetoldbit(p); /* see MOVE OLD rule */
+ p = next;
+ }
+ }
+ if (newsize < tb->size) {
+ /* shrinking slice must be empty */
+ lua_assert(tb->hash[newsize] == NULL && tb->hash[tb->size - 1] == NULL);
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, tb->hash, tb->size, newsize, GCObject *);
+ }
+ tb->size = newsize;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** creates a new string object
+*/
+static TString *createstrobj (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l,
+ int tag, unsigned int h, GCObject **list) {
+ TString *ts;
+ size_t totalsize; /* total size of TString object */
+ totalsize = sizeof(TString) + ((l + 1) * sizeof(char));
+ ts = &luaC_newobj(L, tag, totalsize, list, 0)->ts;
+ ts->tsv.len = l;
+ ts->tsv.hash = h;
+ ts->tsv.extra = 0;
+ memcpy(ts+1, str, l*sizeof(char));
+ ((char *)(ts+1))[l] = '\0'; /* ending 0 */
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** creates a new short string, inserting it into string table
+*/
+static TString *newshrstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l,
+ unsigned int h) {
+ GCObject **list; /* (pointer to) list where it will be inserted */
+ stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+ TString *s;
+ if (tb->nuse >= cast(lu_int32, tb->size) && tb->size <= MAX_INT/2)
+ luaS_resize(L, tb->size*2); /* too crowded */
+ list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];
+ s = createstrobj(L, str, l, LUA_TSHRSTR, h, list);
+ tb->nuse++;
+ return s;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** checks whether short string exists and reuses it or creates a new one
+*/
+static TString *internshrstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
+ GCObject *o;
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ unsigned int h = luaS_hash(str, l, g->seed);
+ for (o = g->strt.hash[lmod(h, g->strt.size)];
+ o != NULL;
+ o = gch(o)->next) {
+ TString *ts = rawgco2ts(o);
+ if (h == ts->tsv.hash &&
+ l == ts->tsv.len &&
+ (memcmp(str, getstr(ts), l * sizeof(char)) == 0)) {
+ if (isdead(G(L), o)) /* string is dead (but was not collected yet)? */
+ changewhite(o); /* resurrect it */
+ return ts;
+ }
+ }
+ return newshrstr(L, str, l, h); /* not found; create a new string */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** new string (with explicit length)
+*/
+TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
+ if (l <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN) /* short string? */
+ return internshrstr(L, str, l);
+ else {
+ if (l + 1 > (MAX_SIZET - sizeof(TString))/sizeof(char))
+ luaM_toobig(L);
+ return createstrobj(L, str, l, LUA_TLNGSTR, G(L)->seed, NULL);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** new zero-terminated string
+*/
+TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str) {
+ return luaS_newlstr(L, str, strlen(str));
+}
+
+
+Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e) {
+ Udata *u;
+ if (s > MAX_SIZET - sizeof(Udata))
+ luaM_toobig(L);
+ u = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TUSERDATA, sizeof(Udata) + s, NULL, 0)->u;
+ u->uv.len = s;
+ u->uv.metatable = NULL;
+ u->uv.env = e;
+ return u;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.h,v 1.49.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** String table (keep all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstring_h
+#define lstring_h
+
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#define sizestring(s) (sizeof(union TString)+((s)->len+1)*sizeof(char))
+
+#define sizeudata(u) (sizeof(union Udata)+(u)->len)
+
+#define luaS_newliteral(L, s) (luaS_newlstr(L, "" s, \
+ (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1))
+
+#define luaS_fix(s) l_setbit((s)->tsv.marked, FIXEDBIT)
+
+
+/*
+** test whether a string is a reserved word
+*/
+#define isreserved(s) ((s)->tsv.tt == LUA_TSHRSTR && (s)->tsv.extra > 0)
+
+
+/*
+** equality for short strings, which are always internalized
+*/
+#define eqshrstr(a,b) check_exp((a)->tsv.tt == LUA_TSHRSTR, (a) == (b))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaS_eqlngstr (TString *a, TString *b);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaS_eqstr (TString *a, TString *b);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: lstrlib.c,v 1.178.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Standard library for string operations and pattern-matching\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <ctype.h>\r
+#include <stddef.h>\r
+#include <stdio.h>\r
+#include <stdlib.h>\r
+#include <string.h>\r
+\r
+#define lstrlib_c\r
+#define LUA_LIB\r
+\r
+#include "lua.h"\r
+\r
+#include "lauxlib.h"\r
+#include "lualib.h"\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** maximum number of captures that a pattern can do during\r
+** pattern-matching. This limit is arbitrary.\r
+*/\r
+#if !defined(LUA_MAXCAPTURES)\r
+#define LUA_MAXCAPTURES 32\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+/* macro to `unsign' a character */\r
+#define uchar(c) ((unsigned char)(c))\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_len (lua_State *L) {\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)l);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/* translate a relative string position: negative means back from end */\r
+static size_t posrelat (ptrdiff_t pos, size_t len) {\r
+ if (pos >= 0) return (size_t)pos;\r
+ else if (0u - (size_t)pos > len) return 0;\r
+ else return len - ((size_t)-pos) + 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_sub (lua_State *L) {\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);\r
+ size_t start = posrelat(luaL_checkinteger(L, 2), l);\r
+ size_t end = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, -1), l);\r
+ if (start < 1) start = 1;\r
+ if (end > l) end = l;\r
+ if (start <= end)\r
+ lua_pushlstring(L, s + start - 1, end - start + 1);\r
+ else lua_pushliteral(L, "");\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_reverse (lua_State *L) {\r
+ size_t l, i;\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);\r
+ char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);\r
+ for (i = 0; i < l; i++)\r
+ p[i] = s[l - i - 1];\r
+ luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_lower (lua_State *L) {\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ size_t i;\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);\r
+ char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);\r
+ for (i=0; i<l; i++)\r
+ p[i] = tolower(uchar(s[i]));\r
+ luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_upper (lua_State *L) {\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ size_t i;\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);\r
+ char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);\r
+ for (i=0; i<l; i++)\r
+ p[i] = toupper(uchar(s[i]));\r
+ luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/* reasonable limit to avoid arithmetic overflow */\r
+#define MAXSIZE ((~(size_t)0) >> 1)\r
+\r
+static int str_rep (lua_State *L) {\r
+ size_t l, lsep;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);\r
+ int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2);\r
+ const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 3, "", &lsep);\r
+ if (n <= 0) lua_pushliteral(L, "");\r
+ else if (l + lsep < l || l + lsep >= MAXSIZE / n) /* may overflow? */\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "resulting string too large");\r
+ else {\r
+ size_t totallen = n * l + (n - 1) * lsep;\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, totallen);\r
+ while (n-- > 1) { /* first n-1 copies (followed by separator) */\r
+ memcpy(p, s, l * sizeof(char)); p += l;\r
+ if (lsep > 0) { /* avoid empty 'memcpy' (may be expensive) */\r
+ memcpy(p, sep, lsep * sizeof(char)); p += lsep;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ memcpy(p, s, l * sizeof(char)); /* last copy (not followed by separator) */\r
+ luaL_pushresultsize(&b, totallen);\r
+ }\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_byte (lua_State *L) {\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);\r
+ size_t posi = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), l);\r
+ size_t pose = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), l);\r
+ int n, i;\r
+ if (posi < 1) posi = 1;\r
+ if (pose > l) pose = l;\r
+ if (posi > pose) return 0; /* empty interval; return no values */\r
+ n = (int)(pose - posi + 1);\r
+ if (posi + n <= pose) /* (size_t -> int) overflow? */\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "string slice too long");\r
+ luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long");\r
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, uchar(s[posi+i-1]));\r
+ return n;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_char (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */\r
+ int i;\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, n);\r
+ for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {\r
+ int c = luaL_checkint(L, i);\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, uchar(c) == c, i, "value out of range");\r
+ p[i - 1] = uchar(c);\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_pushresultsize(&b, n);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int writer (lua_State *L, const void* b, size_t size, void* B) {\r
+ (void)L;\r
+ luaL_addlstring((luaL_Buffer*) B, (const char *)b, size);\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_dump (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 1);\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L,&b);\r
+ if (lua_dump(L, writer, &b) != 0)\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "unable to dump given function");\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** PATTERN MATCHING\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#define CAP_UNFINISHED (-1)\r
+#define CAP_POSITION (-2)\r
+\r
+\r
+typedef struct MatchState {\r
+ int matchdepth; /* control for recursive depth (to avoid C stack overflow) */\r
+ const char *src_init; /* init of source string */\r
+ const char *src_end; /* end ('\0') of source string */\r
+ const char *p_end; /* end ('\0') of pattern */\r
+ lua_State *L;\r
+ int level; /* total number of captures (finished or unfinished) */\r
+ struct {\r
+ const char *init;\r
+ ptrdiff_t len;\r
+ } capture[LUA_MAXCAPTURES];\r
+} MatchState;\r
+\r
+\r
+/* recursive function */\r
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p);\r
+\r
+\r
+/* maximum recursion depth for 'match' */\r
+#if !defined(MAXCCALLS)\r
+#define MAXCCALLS 200\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+#define L_ESC '%'\r
+#define SPECIALS "^$*+?.([%-"\r
+\r
+\r
+static int check_capture (MatchState *ms, int l) {\r
+ l -= '1';\r
+ if (l < 0 || l >= ms->level || ms->capture[l].len == CAP_UNFINISHED)\r
+ return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index %%%d", l + 1);\r
+ return l;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int capture_to_close (MatchState *ms) {\r
+ int level = ms->level;\r
+ for (level--; level>=0; level--)\r
+ if (ms->capture[level].len == CAP_UNFINISHED) return level;\r
+ return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid pattern capture");\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *classend (MatchState *ms, const char *p) {\r
+ switch (*p++) {\r
+ case L_ESC: {\r
+ if (p == ms->p_end)\r
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (ends with " LUA_QL("%%") ")");\r
+ return p+1;\r
+ }\r
+ case '[': {\r
+ if (*p == '^') p++;\r
+ do { /* look for a `]' */\r
+ if (p == ms->p_end)\r
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (missing " LUA_QL("]") ")");\r
+ if (*(p++) == L_ESC && p < ms->p_end)\r
+ p++; /* skip escapes (e.g. `%]') */\r
+ } while (*p != ']');\r
+ return p+1;\r
+ }\r
+ default: {\r
+ return p;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int match_class (int c, int cl) {\r
+ int res;\r
+ switch (tolower(cl)) {\r
+ case 'a' : res = isalpha(c); break;\r
+ case 'c' : res = iscntrl(c); break;\r
+ case 'd' : res = isdigit(c); break;\r
+ case 'g' : res = isgraph(c); break;\r
+ case 'l' : res = islower(c); break;\r
+ case 'p' : res = ispunct(c); break;\r
+ case 's' : res = isspace(c); break;\r
+ case 'u' : res = isupper(c); break;\r
+ case 'w' : res = isalnum(c); break;\r
+ case 'x' : res = isxdigit(c); break;\r
+ case 'z' : res = (c == 0); break; /* deprecated option */\r
+ default: return (cl == c);\r
+ }\r
+ return (islower(cl) ? res : !res);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int matchbracketclass (int c, const char *p, const char *ec) {\r
+ int sig = 1;\r
+ if (*(p+1) == '^') {\r
+ sig = 0;\r
+ p++; /* skip the `^' */\r
+ }\r
+ while (++p < ec) {\r
+ if (*p == L_ESC) {\r
+ p++;\r
+ if (match_class(c, uchar(*p)))\r
+ return sig;\r
+ }\r
+ else if ((*(p+1) == '-') && (p+2 < ec)) {\r
+ p+=2;\r
+ if (uchar(*(p-2)) <= c && c <= uchar(*p))\r
+ return sig;\r
+ }\r
+ else if (uchar(*p) == c) return sig;\r
+ }\r
+ return !sig;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int singlematch (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p,\r
+ const char *ep) {\r
+ if (s >= ms->src_end)\r
+ return 0;\r
+ else {\r
+ int c = uchar(*s);\r
+ switch (*p) {\r
+ case '.': return 1; /* matches any char */\r
+ case L_ESC: return match_class(c, uchar(*(p+1)));\r
+ case '[': return matchbracketclass(c, p, ep-1);\r
+ default: return (uchar(*p) == c);\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *matchbalance (MatchState *ms, const char *s,\r
+ const char *p) {\r
+ if (p >= ms->p_end - 1)\r
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern "\r
+ "(missing arguments to " LUA_QL("%%b") ")");\r
+ if (*s != *p) return NULL;\r
+ else {\r
+ int b = *p;\r
+ int e = *(p+1);\r
+ int cont = 1;\r
+ while (++s < ms->src_end) {\r
+ if (*s == e) {\r
+ if (--cont == 0) return s+1;\r
+ }\r
+ else if (*s == b) cont++;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ return NULL; /* string ends out of balance */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *max_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,\r
+ const char *p, const char *ep) {\r
+ ptrdiff_t i = 0; /* counts maximum expand for item */\r
+ while (singlematch(ms, s + i, p, ep))\r
+ i++;\r
+ /* keeps trying to match with the maximum repetitions */\r
+ while (i>=0) {\r
+ const char *res = match(ms, (s+i), ep+1);\r
+ if (res) return res;\r
+ i--; /* else didn't match; reduce 1 repetition to try again */\r
+ }\r
+ return NULL;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *min_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,\r
+ const char *p, const char *ep) {\r
+ for (;;) {\r
+ const char *res = match(ms, s, ep+1);\r
+ if (res != NULL)\r
+ return res;\r
+ else if (singlematch(ms, s, p, ep))\r
+ s++; /* try with one more repetition */\r
+ else return NULL;\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *start_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,\r
+ const char *p, int what) {\r
+ const char *res;\r
+ int level = ms->level;\r
+ if (level >= LUA_MAXCAPTURES) luaL_error(ms->L, "too many captures");\r
+ ms->capture[level].init = s;\r
+ ms->capture[level].len = what;\r
+ ms->level = level+1;\r
+ if ((res=match(ms, s, p)) == NULL) /* match failed? */\r
+ ms->level--; /* undo capture */\r
+ return res;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *end_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,\r
+ const char *p) {\r
+ int l = capture_to_close(ms);\r
+ const char *res;\r
+ ms->capture[l].len = s - ms->capture[l].init; /* close capture */\r
+ if ((res = match(ms, s, p)) == NULL) /* match failed? */\r
+ ms->capture[l].len = CAP_UNFINISHED; /* undo capture */\r
+ return res;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *match_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s, int l) {\r
+ size_t len;\r
+ l = check_capture(ms, l);\r
+ len = ms->capture[l].len;\r
+ if ((size_t)(ms->src_end-s) >= len &&\r
+ memcmp(ms->capture[l].init, s, len) == 0)\r
+ return s+len;\r
+ else return NULL;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p) {\r
+ if (ms->matchdepth-- == 0)\r
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "pattern too complex");\r
+ init: /* using goto's to optimize tail recursion */\r
+ if (p != ms->p_end) { /* end of pattern? */\r
+ switch (*p) {\r
+ case '(': { /* start capture */\r
+ if (*(p + 1) == ')') /* position capture? */\r
+ s = start_capture(ms, s, p + 2, CAP_POSITION);\r
+ else\r
+ s = start_capture(ms, s, p + 1, CAP_UNFINISHED);\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case ')': { /* end capture */\r
+ s = end_capture(ms, s, p + 1);\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case '$': {\r
+ if ((p + 1) != ms->p_end) /* is the `$' the last char in pattern? */\r
+ goto dflt; /* no; go to default */\r
+ s = (s == ms->src_end) ? s : NULL; /* check end of string */\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case L_ESC: { /* escaped sequences not in the format class[*+?-]? */\r
+ switch (*(p + 1)) {\r
+ case 'b': { /* balanced string? */\r
+ s = matchbalance(ms, s, p + 2);\r
+ if (s != NULL) {\r
+ p += 4; goto init; /* return match(ms, s, p + 4); */\r
+ } /* else fail (s == NULL) */\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case 'f': { /* frontier? */\r
+ const char *ep; char previous;\r
+ p += 2;\r
+ if (*p != '[')\r
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "missing " LUA_QL("[") " after "\r
+ LUA_QL("%%f") " in pattern");\r
+ ep = classend(ms, p); /* points to what is next */\r
+ previous = (s == ms->src_init) ? '\0' : *(s - 1);\r
+ if (!matchbracketclass(uchar(previous), p, ep - 1) &&\r
+ matchbracketclass(uchar(*s), p, ep - 1)) {\r
+ p = ep; goto init; /* return match(ms, s, ep); */\r
+ }\r
+ s = NULL; /* match failed */\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':\r
+ case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':\r
+ case '8': case '9': { /* capture results (%0-%9)? */\r
+ s = match_capture(ms, s, uchar(*(p + 1)));\r
+ if (s != NULL) {\r
+ p += 2; goto init; /* return match(ms, s, p + 2) */\r
+ }\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ default: goto dflt;\r
+ }\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ default: dflt: { /* pattern class plus optional suffix */\r
+ const char *ep = classend(ms, p); /* points to optional suffix */\r
+ /* does not match at least once? */\r
+ if (!singlematch(ms, s, p, ep)) {\r
+ if (*ep == '*' || *ep == '?' || *ep == '-') { /* accept empty? */\r
+ p = ep + 1; goto init; /* return match(ms, s, ep + 1); */\r
+ }\r
+ else /* '+' or no suffix */\r
+ s = NULL; /* fail */\r
+ }\r
+ else { /* matched once */\r
+ switch (*ep) { /* handle optional suffix */\r
+ case '?': { /* optional */\r
+ const char *res;\r
+ if ((res = match(ms, s + 1, ep + 1)) != NULL)\r
+ s = res;\r
+ else {\r
+ p = ep + 1; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, ep + 1); */\r
+ }\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case '+': /* 1 or more repetitions */\r
+ s++; /* 1 match already done */\r
+ /* go through */\r
+ case '*': /* 0 or more repetitions */\r
+ s = max_expand(ms, s, p, ep);\r
+ break;\r
+ case '-': /* 0 or more repetitions (minimum) */\r
+ s = min_expand(ms, s, p, ep);\r
+ break;\r
+ default: /* no suffix */\r
+ s++; p = ep; goto init; /* return match(ms, s + 1, ep); */\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ ms->matchdepth++;\r
+ return s;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+static const char *lmemfind (const char *s1, size_t l1,\r
+ const char *s2, size_t l2) {\r
+ if (l2 == 0) return s1; /* empty strings are everywhere */\r
+ else if (l2 > l1) return NULL; /* avoids a negative `l1' */\r
+ else {\r
+ const char *init; /* to search for a `*s2' inside `s1' */\r
+ l2--; /* 1st char will be checked by `memchr' */\r
+ l1 = l1-l2; /* `s2' cannot be found after that */\r
+ while (l1 > 0 && (init = (const char *)memchr(s1, *s2, l1)) != NULL) {\r
+ init++; /* 1st char is already checked */\r
+ if (memcmp(init, s2+1, l2) == 0)\r
+ return init-1;\r
+ else { /* correct `l1' and `s1' to try again */\r
+ l1 -= init-s1;\r
+ s1 = init;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ return NULL; /* not found */\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void push_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,\r
+ const char *e) {\r
+ if (i >= ms->level) {\r
+ if (i == 0) /* ms->level == 0, too */\r
+ lua_pushlstring(ms->L, s, e - s); /* add whole match */\r
+ else\r
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index");\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ ptrdiff_t l = ms->capture[i].len;\r
+ if (l == CAP_UNFINISHED) luaL_error(ms->L, "unfinished capture");\r
+ if (l == CAP_POSITION)\r
+ lua_pushinteger(ms->L, ms->capture[i].init - ms->src_init + 1);\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pushlstring(ms->L, ms->capture[i].init, l);\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int push_captures (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *e) {\r
+ int i;\r
+ int nlevels = (ms->level == 0 && s) ? 1 : ms->level;\r
+ luaL_checkstack(ms->L, nlevels, "too many captures");\r
+ for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++)\r
+ push_onecapture(ms, i, s, e);\r
+ return nlevels; /* number of strings pushed */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/* check whether pattern has no special characters */\r
+static int nospecials (const char *p, size_t l) {\r
+ size_t upto = 0;\r
+ do {\r
+ if (strpbrk(p + upto, SPECIALS))\r
+ return 0; /* pattern has a special character */\r
+ upto += strlen(p + upto) + 1; /* may have more after \0 */\r
+ } while (upto <= l);\r
+ return 1; /* no special chars found */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_find_aux (lua_State *L, int find) {\r
+ size_t ls, lp;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &ls);\r
+ const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);\r
+ size_t init = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), ls);\r
+ if (init < 1) init = 1;\r
+ else if (init > ls + 1) { /* start after string's end? */\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* cannot find anything */\r
+ return 1;\r
+ }\r
+ /* explicit request or no special characters? */\r
+ if (find && (lua_toboolean(L, 4) || nospecials(p, lp))) {\r
+ /* do a plain search */\r
+ const char *s2 = lmemfind(s + init - 1, ls - init + 1, p, lp);\r
+ if (s2) {\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, s2 - s + 1);\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, s2 - s + lp);\r
+ return 2;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ MatchState ms;\r
+ const char *s1 = s + init - 1;\r
+ int anchor = (*p == '^');\r
+ if (anchor) {\r
+ p++; lp--; /* skip anchor character */\r
+ }\r
+ ms.L = L;\r
+ ms.matchdepth = MAXCCALLS;\r
+ ms.src_init = s;\r
+ ms.src_end = s + ls;\r
+ ms.p_end = p + lp;\r
+ do {\r
+ const char *res;\r
+ ms.level = 0;\r
+ lua_assert(ms.matchdepth == MAXCCALLS);\r
+ if ((res=match(&ms, s1, p)) != NULL) {\r
+ if (find) {\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, s1 - s + 1); /* start */\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, res - s); /* end */\r
+ return push_captures(&ms, NULL, 0) + 2;\r
+ }\r
+ else\r
+ return push_captures(&ms, s1, res);\r
+ }\r
+ } while (s1++ < ms.src_end && !anchor);\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* not found */\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_find (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return str_find_aux(L, 1);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_match (lua_State *L) {\r
+ return str_find_aux(L, 0);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int gmatch_aux (lua_State *L) {\r
+ MatchState ms;\r
+ size_t ls, lp;\r
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), &ls);\r
+ const char *p = lua_tolstring(L, lua_upvalueindex(2), &lp);\r
+ const char *src;\r
+ ms.L = L;\r
+ ms.matchdepth = MAXCCALLS;\r
+ ms.src_init = s;\r
+ ms.src_end = s+ls;\r
+ ms.p_end = p + lp;\r
+ for (src = s + (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(3));\r
+ src <= ms.src_end;\r
+ src++) {\r
+ const char *e;\r
+ ms.level = 0;\r
+ lua_assert(ms.matchdepth == MAXCCALLS);\r
+ if ((e = match(&ms, src, p)) != NULL) {\r
+ lua_Integer newstart = e-s;\r
+ if (e == src) newstart++; /* empty match? go at least one position */\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, newstart);\r
+ lua_replace(L, lua_upvalueindex(3));\r
+ return push_captures(&ms, src, e);\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ return 0; /* not found */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int gmatch (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_checkstring(L, 1);\r
+ luaL_checkstring(L, 2);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 2);\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 0);\r
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, gmatch_aux, 3);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void add_s (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,\r
+ const char *e) {\r
+ size_t l, i;\r
+ const char *news = lua_tolstring(ms->L, 3, &l);\r
+ for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {\r
+ if (news[i] != L_ESC)\r
+ luaL_addchar(b, news[i]);\r
+ else {\r
+ i++; /* skip ESC */\r
+ if (!isdigit(uchar(news[i]))) {\r
+ if (news[i] != L_ESC)\r
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid use of " LUA_QL("%c")\r
+ " in replacement string", L_ESC);\r
+ luaL_addchar(b, news[i]);\r
+ }\r
+ else if (news[i] == '0')\r
+ luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s);\r
+ else {\r
+ push_onecapture(ms, news[i] - '1', s, e);\r
+ luaL_addvalue(b); /* add capture to accumulated result */\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void add_value (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,\r
+ const char *e, int tr) {\r
+ lua_State *L = ms->L;\r
+ switch (tr) {\r
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: {\r
+ int n;\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 3);\r
+ n = push_captures(ms, s, e);\r
+ lua_call(L, n, 1);\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {\r
+ push_onecapture(ms, 0, s, e);\r
+ lua_gettable(L, 3);\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ default: { /* LUA_TNUMBER or LUA_TSTRING */\r
+ add_s(ms, b, s, e);\r
+ return;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ if (!lua_toboolean(L, -1)) { /* nil or false? */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1);\r
+ lua_pushlstring(L, s, e - s); /* keep original text */\r
+ }\r
+ else if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))\r
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid replacement value (a %s)", luaL_typename(L, -1));\r
+ luaL_addvalue(b); /* add result to accumulator */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) {\r
+ size_t srcl, lp;\r
+ const char *src = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &srcl);\r
+ const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);\r
+ int tr = lua_type(L, 3);\r
+ size_t max_s = luaL_optinteger(L, 4, srcl+1);\r
+ int anchor = (*p == '^');\r
+ size_t n = 0;\r
+ MatchState ms;\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, tr == LUA_TNUMBER || tr == LUA_TSTRING ||\r
+ tr == LUA_TFUNCTION || tr == LUA_TTABLE, 3,\r
+ "string/function/table expected");\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);\r
+ if (anchor) {\r
+ p++; lp--; /* skip anchor character */\r
+ }\r
+ ms.L = L;\r
+ ms.matchdepth = MAXCCALLS;\r
+ ms.src_init = src;\r
+ ms.src_end = src+srcl;\r
+ ms.p_end = p + lp;\r
+ while (n < max_s) {\r
+ const char *e;\r
+ ms.level = 0;\r
+ lua_assert(ms.matchdepth == MAXCCALLS);\r
+ e = match(&ms, src, p);\r
+ if (e) {\r
+ n++;\r
+ add_value(&ms, &b, src, e, tr);\r
+ }\r
+ if (e && e>src) /* non empty match? */\r
+ src = e; /* skip it */\r
+ else if (src < ms.src_end)\r
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *src++);\r
+ else break;\r
+ if (anchor) break;\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, src, ms.src_end-src);\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n); /* number of substitutions */\r
+ return 2;\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** STRING FORMAT\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** LUA_INTFRMLEN is the length modifier for integer conversions in\r
+** 'string.format'; LUA_INTFRM_T is the integer type corresponding to\r
+** the previous length\r
+*/\r
+#if !defined(LUA_INTFRMLEN) /* { */\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_LONGLONG)\r
+\r
+#define LUA_INTFRMLEN "ll"\r
+#define LUA_INTFRM_T long long\r
+\r
+#else\r
+\r
+#define LUA_INTFRMLEN "l"\r
+#define LUA_INTFRM_T long\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** LUA_FLTFRMLEN is the length modifier for float conversions in\r
+** 'string.format'; LUA_FLTFRM_T is the float type corresponding to\r
+** the previous length\r
+*/\r
+#if !defined(LUA_FLTFRMLEN)\r
+\r
+#define LUA_FLTFRMLEN ""\r
+#define LUA_FLTFRM_T double\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+/* maximum size of each formatted item (> len(format('%99.99f', -1e308))) */\r
+#define MAX_ITEM 512\r
+/* valid flags in a format specification */\r
+#define FLAGS "-+ #0"\r
+/*\r
+** maximum size of each format specification (such as '%-099.99d')\r
+** (+10 accounts for %99.99x plus margin of error)\r
+*/\r
+#define MAX_FORMAT (sizeof(FLAGS) + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) + 10)\r
+\r
+\r
+static void addquoted (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int arg) {\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);\r
+ luaL_addchar(b, '"');\r
+ while (l--) {\r
+ if (*s == '"' || *s == '\\' || *s == '\n') {\r
+ luaL_addchar(b, '\\');\r
+ luaL_addchar(b, *s);\r
+ }\r
+ else if (*s == '\0' || iscntrl(uchar(*s))) {\r
+ char buff[10];\r
+ if (!isdigit(uchar(*(s+1))))\r
+ sprintf(buff, "\\%d", (int)uchar(*s));\r
+ else\r
+ sprintf(buff, "\\%03d", (int)uchar(*s));\r
+ luaL_addstring(b, buff);\r
+ }\r
+ else\r
+ luaL_addchar(b, *s);\r
+ s++;\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_addchar(b, '"');\r
+}\r
+\r
+static const char *scanformat (lua_State *L, const char *strfrmt, char *form) {\r
+ const char *p = strfrmt;\r
+ while (*p != '\0' && strchr(FLAGS, *p) != NULL) p++; /* skip flags */\r
+ if ((size_t)(p - strfrmt) >= sizeof(FLAGS)/sizeof(char))\r
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid format (repeated flags)");\r
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* skip width */\r
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* (2 digits at most) */\r
+ if (*p == '.') {\r
+ p++;\r
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* skip precision */\r
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* (2 digits at most) */\r
+ }\r
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p)))\r
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid format (width or precision too long)");\r
+ *(form++) = '%';\r
+ memcpy(form, strfrmt, (p - strfrmt + 1) * sizeof(char));\r
+ form += p - strfrmt + 1;\r
+ *form = '\0';\r
+ return p;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** add length modifier into formats\r
+*/\r
+static void addlenmod (char *form, const char *lenmod) {\r
+ size_t l = strlen(form);\r
+ size_t lm = strlen(lenmod);\r
+ char spec = form[l - 1];\r
+ strcpy(form + l - 1, lenmod);\r
+ form[l + lm - 1] = spec;\r
+ form[l + lm] = '\0';\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int str_format (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int top = lua_gettop(L);\r
+ int arg = 1;\r
+ size_t sfl;\r
+ const char *strfrmt = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &sfl);\r
+ const char *strfrmt_end = strfrmt+sfl;\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);\r
+ while (strfrmt < strfrmt_end) {\r
+ if (*strfrmt != L_ESC)\r
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++);\r
+ else if (*++strfrmt == L_ESC)\r
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++); /* %% */\r
+ else { /* format item */\r
+ char form[MAX_FORMAT]; /* to store the format (`%...') */\r
+ char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, MAX_ITEM); /* to put formatted item */\r
+ int nb = 0; /* number of bytes in added item */\r
+ if (++arg > top)\r
+ luaL_argerror(L, arg, "no value");\r
+ strfrmt = scanformat(L, strfrmt, form);\r
+ switch (*strfrmt++) {\r
+ case 'c': {\r
+ nb = sprintf(buff, form, luaL_checkint(L, arg));\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case 'd': case 'i': {\r
+ lua_Number n = luaL_checknumber(L, arg);\r
+ LUA_INTFRM_T ni = (LUA_INTFRM_T)n;\r
+ lua_Number diff = n - (lua_Number)ni;\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, -1 < diff && diff < 1, arg,\r
+ "not a number in proper range");\r
+ addlenmod(form, LUA_INTFRMLEN);\r
+ nb = sprintf(buff, form, ni);\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {\r
+ lua_Number n = luaL_checknumber(L, arg);\r
+ unsigned LUA_INTFRM_T ni = (unsigned LUA_INTFRM_T)n;\r
+ lua_Number diff = n - (lua_Number)ni;\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, -1 < diff && diff < 1, arg,\r
+ "not a non-negative number in proper range");\r
+ addlenmod(form, LUA_INTFRMLEN);\r
+ nb = sprintf(buff, form, ni);\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case 'e': case 'E': case 'f':\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_AFORMAT)\r
+ case 'a': case 'A':\r
+#endif\r
+ case 'g': case 'G': {\r
+ addlenmod(form, LUA_FLTFRMLEN);\r
+ nb = sprintf(buff, form, (LUA_FLTFRM_T)luaL_checknumber(L, arg));\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case 'q': {\r
+ addquoted(L, &b, arg);\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case 's': {\r
+ size_t l;\r
+ const char *s = luaL_tolstring(L, arg, &l);\r
+ if (!strchr(form, '.') && l >= 100) {\r
+ /* no precision and string is too long to be formatted;\r
+ keep original string */\r
+ luaL_addvalue(&b);\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ nb = sprintf(buff, form, s);\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove result from 'luaL_tolstring' */\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ default: { /* also treat cases `pnLlh' */\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "invalid option " LUA_QL("%%%c") " to "\r
+ LUA_QL("format"), *(strfrmt - 1));\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_addsize(&b, nb);\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+static const luaL_Reg strlib[] = {\r
+ {"byte", str_byte},\r
+ {"char", str_char},\r
+ {"dump", str_dump},\r
+ {"find", str_find},\r
+ {"format", str_format},\r
+ {"gmatch", gmatch},\r
+ {"gsub", str_gsub},\r
+ {"len", str_len},\r
+ {"lower", str_lower},\r
+ {"match", str_match},\r
+ {"rep", str_rep},\r
+ {"reverse", str_reverse},\r
+ {"sub", str_sub},\r
+ {"upper", str_upper},\r
+ {NULL, NULL}\r
+};\r
+\r
+\r
+static void createmetatable (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* table to be metatable for strings */\r
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* dummy string */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* copy table */\r
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2); /* set table as metatable for strings */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop dummy string */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* get string library */\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* metatable.__index = string */\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop metatable */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Open string library\r
+*/\r
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_string (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_newlib(L, strlib);\r
+ createmetatable(L);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.c,v 2.72.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of tables (aka arrays, objects, or hash tables).
+** Tables keep its elements in two parts: an array part and a hash part.
+** Non-negative integer keys are all candidates to be kept in the array
+** part. The actual size of the array is the largest `n' such that at
+** least half the slots between 0 and n are in use.
+** Hash uses a mix of chained scatter table with Brent's variation.
+** A main invariant of these tables is that, if an element is not
+** in its main position (i.e. the `original' position that its hash gives
+** to it), then the colliding element is in its own main position.
+** Hence even when the load factor reaches 100%, performance remains good.
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ltable_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+/*
+** max size of array part is 2^MAXBITS
+*/
+#if LUAI_BITSINT >= 32
+#define MAXBITS 30
+#else
+#define MAXBITS (LUAI_BITSINT-2)
+#endif
+
+#define MAXASIZE (1 << MAXBITS)
+
+
+#define hashpow2(t,n) (gnode(t, lmod((n), sizenode(t))))
+
+#define hashstr(t,str) hashpow2(t, (str)->tsv.hash)
+#define hashboolean(t,p) hashpow2(t, p)
+
+
+/*
+** for some types, it is better to avoid modulus by power of 2, as
+** they tend to have many 2 factors.
+*/
+#define hashmod(t,n) (gnode(t, ((n) % ((sizenode(t)-1)|1))))
+
+
+#define hashpointer(t,p) hashmod(t, IntPoint(p))
+
+
+#define dummynode (&dummynode_)
+
+#define isdummy(n) ((n) == dummynode)
+
+static const Node dummynode_ = {
+ {NILCONSTANT}, /* value */
+ {{NILCONSTANT, NULL}} /* key */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** hash for lua_Numbers
+*/
+static Node *hashnum (const Table *t, lua_Number n) {
+ int i;
+ luai_hashnum(i, n);
+ if (i < 0) {
+ if (cast(unsigned int, i) == 0u - i) /* use unsigned to avoid overflows */
+ i = 0; /* handle INT_MIN */
+ i = -i; /* must be a positive value */
+ }
+ return hashmod(t, i);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** returns the `main' position of an element in a table (that is, the index
+** of its hash value)
+*/
+static Node *mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ switch (ttype(key)) {
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ return hashnum(t, nvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TLNGSTR: {
+ TString *s = rawtsvalue(key);
+ if (s->tsv.extra == 0) { /* no hash? */
+ s->tsv.hash = luaS_hash(getstr(s), s->tsv.len, s->tsv.hash);
+ s->tsv.extra = 1; /* now it has its hash */
+ }
+ return hashstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
+ }
+ case LUA_TSHRSTR:
+ return hashstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ return hashboolean(t, bvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ return hashpointer(t, pvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TLCF:
+ return hashpointer(t, fvalue(key));
+ default:
+ return hashpointer(t, gcvalue(key));
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index for `key' if `key' is an appropriate key to live in
+** the array part of the table, -1 otherwise.
+*/
+static int arrayindex (const TValue *key) {
+ if (ttisnumber(key)) {
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(key);
+ int k;
+ lua_number2int(k, n);
+ if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), n))
+ return k;
+ }
+ return -1; /* `key' did not match some condition */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index of a `key' for table traversals. First goes all
+** elements in the array part, then elements in the hash part. The
+** beginning of a traversal is signaled by -1.
+*/
+static int findindex (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {
+ int i;
+ if (ttisnil(key)) return -1; /* first iteration */
+ i = arrayindex(key);
+ if (0 < i && i <= t->sizearray) /* is `key' inside array part? */
+ return i-1; /* yes; that's the index (corrected to C) */
+ else {
+ Node *n = mainposition(t, key);
+ for (;;) { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ /* key may be dead already, but it is ok to use it in `next' */
+ if (luaV_rawequalobj(gkey(n), key) ||
+ (ttisdeadkey(gkey(n)) && iscollectable(key) &&
+ deadvalue(gkey(n)) == gcvalue(key))) {
+ i = cast_int(n - gnode(t, 0)); /* key index in hash table */
+ /* hash elements are numbered after array ones */
+ return i + t->sizearray;
+ }
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ if (n == NULL)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "invalid key to " LUA_QL("next")); /* key not found */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {
+ int i = findindex(L, t, key); /* find original element */
+ for (i++; i < t->sizearray; i++) { /* try first array part */
+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i])) { /* a non-nil value? */
+ setnvalue(key, cast_num(i+1));
+ setobj2s(L, key+1, &t->array[i]);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ for (i -= t->sizearray; i < sizenode(t); i++) { /* then hash part */
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(gnode(t, i)))) { /* a non-nil value? */
+ setobj2s(L, key, gkey(gnode(t, i)));
+ setobj2s(L, key+1, gval(gnode(t, i)));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* no more elements */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {=============================================================
+** Rehash
+** ==============================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int computesizes (int nums[], int *narray) {
+ int i;
+ int twotoi; /* 2^i */
+ int a = 0; /* number of elements smaller than 2^i */
+ int na = 0; /* number of elements to go to array part */
+ int n = 0; /* optimal size for array part */
+ for (i = 0, twotoi = 1; twotoi/2 < *narray; i++, twotoi *= 2) {
+ if (nums[i] > 0) {
+ a += nums[i];
+ if (a > twotoi/2) { /* more than half elements present? */
+ n = twotoi; /* optimal size (till now) */
+ na = a; /* all elements smaller than n will go to array part */
+ }
+ }
+ if (a == *narray) break; /* all elements already counted */
+ }
+ *narray = n;
+ lua_assert(*narray/2 <= na && na <= *narray);
+ return na;
+}
+
+
+static int countint (const TValue *key, int *nums) {
+ int k = arrayindex(key);
+ if (0 < k && k <= MAXASIZE) { /* is `key' an appropriate array index? */
+ nums[luaO_ceillog2(k)]++; /* count as such */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int numusearray (const Table *t, int *nums) {
+ int lg;
+ int ttlg; /* 2^lg */
+ int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */
+ int i = 1; /* count to traverse all array keys */
+ for (lg=0, ttlg=1; lg<=MAXBITS; lg++, ttlg*=2) { /* for each slice */
+ int lc = 0; /* counter */
+ int lim = ttlg;
+ if (lim > t->sizearray) {
+ lim = t->sizearray; /* adjust upper limit */
+ if (i > lim)
+ break; /* no more elements to count */
+ }
+ /* count elements in range (2^(lg-1), 2^lg] */
+ for (; i <= lim; i++) {
+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i-1]))
+ lc++;
+ }
+ nums[lg] += lc;
+ ause += lc;
+ }
+ return ause;
+}
+
+
+static int numusehash (const Table *t, int *nums, int *pnasize) {
+ int totaluse = 0; /* total number of elements */
+ int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */
+ int i = sizenode(t);
+ while (i--) {
+ Node *n = &t->node[i];
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(n))) {
+ ause += countint(gkey(n), nums);
+ totaluse++;
+ }
+ }
+ *pnasize += ause;
+ return totaluse;
+}
+
+
+static void setarrayvector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) {
+ int i;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, t->sizearray, size, TValue);
+ for (i=t->sizearray; i<size; i++)
+ setnilvalue(&t->array[i]);
+ t->sizearray = size;
+}
+
+
+static void setnodevector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) {
+ int lsize;
+ if (size == 0) { /* no elements to hash part? */
+ t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode); /* use common `dummynode' */
+ lsize = 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ int i;
+ lsize = luaO_ceillog2(size);
+ if (lsize > MAXBITS)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "table overflow");
+ size = twoto(lsize);
+ t->node = luaM_newvector(L, size, Node);
+ for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
+ Node *n = gnode(t, i);
+ gnext(n) = NULL;
+ setnilvalue(gkey(n));
+ setnilvalue(gval(n));
+ }
+ }
+ t->lsizenode = cast_byte(lsize);
+ t->lastfree = gnode(t, size); /* all positions are free */
+}
+
+
+void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize, int nhsize) {
+ int i;
+ int oldasize = t->sizearray;
+ int oldhsize = t->lsizenode;
+ Node *nold = t->node; /* save old hash ... */
+ if (nasize > oldasize) /* array part must grow? */
+ setarrayvector(L, t, nasize);
+ /* create new hash part with appropriate size */
+ setnodevector(L, t, nhsize);
+ if (nasize < oldasize) { /* array part must shrink? */
+ t->sizearray = nasize;
+ /* re-insert elements from vanishing slice */
+ for (i=nasize; i<oldasize; i++) {
+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i]))
+ luaH_setint(L, t, i + 1, &t->array[i]);
+ }
+ /* shrink array */
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, oldasize, nasize, TValue);
+ }
+ /* re-insert elements from hash part */
+ for (i = twoto(oldhsize) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+ Node *old = nold+i;
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(old))) {
+ /* doesn't need barrier/invalidate cache, as entry was
+ already present in the table */
+ setobjt2t(L, luaH_set(L, t, gkey(old)), gval(old));
+ }
+ }
+ if (!isdummy(nold))
+ luaM_freearray(L, nold, cast(size_t, twoto(oldhsize))); /* free old array */
+}
+
+
+void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize) {
+ int nsize = isdummy(t->node) ? 0 : sizenode(t);
+ luaH_resize(L, t, nasize, nsize);
+}
+
+
+static void rehash (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *ek) {
+ int nasize, na;
+ int nums[MAXBITS+1]; /* nums[i] = number of keys with 2^(i-1) < k <= 2^i */
+ int i;
+ int totaluse;
+ for (i=0; i<=MAXBITS; i++) nums[i] = 0; /* reset counts */
+ nasize = numusearray(t, nums); /* count keys in array part */
+ totaluse = nasize; /* all those keys are integer keys */
+ totaluse += numusehash(t, nums, &nasize); /* count keys in hash part */
+ /* count extra key */
+ nasize += countint(ek, nums);
+ totaluse++;
+ /* compute new size for array part */
+ na = computesizes(nums, &nasize);
+ /* resize the table to new computed sizes */
+ luaH_resize(L, t, nasize, totaluse - na);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** }=============================================================
+*/
+
+
+Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L) {
+ Table *t = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TTABLE, sizeof(Table), NULL, 0)->h;
+ t->metatable = NULL;
+ t->flags = cast_byte(~0);
+ t->array = NULL;
+ t->sizearray = 0;
+ setnodevector(L, t, 0);
+ return t;
+}
+
+
+void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t) {
+ if (!isdummy(t->node))
+ luaM_freearray(L, t->node, cast(size_t, sizenode(t)));
+ luaM_freearray(L, t->array, t->sizearray);
+ luaM_free(L, t);
+}
+
+
+static Node *getfreepos (Table *t) {
+ while (t->lastfree > t->node) {
+ t->lastfree--;
+ if (ttisnil(gkey(t->lastfree)))
+ return t->lastfree;
+ }
+ return NULL; /* could not find a free place */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** inserts a new key into a hash table; first, check whether key's main
+** position is free. If not, check whether colliding node is in its main
+** position or not: if it is not, move colliding node to an empty place and
+** put new key in its main position; otherwise (colliding node is in its main
+** position), new key goes to an empty position.
+*/
+TValue *luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ Node *mp;
+ if (ttisnil(key)) luaG_runerror(L, "table index is nil");
+ else if (ttisnumber(key) && luai_numisnan(L, nvalue(key)))
+ luaG_runerror(L, "table index is NaN");
+ mp = mainposition(t, key);
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(mp)) || isdummy(mp)) { /* main position is taken? */
+ Node *othern;
+ Node *n = getfreepos(t); /* get a free place */
+ if (n == NULL) { /* cannot find a free place? */
+ rehash(L, t, key); /* grow table */
+ /* whatever called 'newkey' take care of TM cache and GC barrier */
+ return luaH_set(L, t, key); /* insert key into grown table */
+ }
+ lua_assert(!isdummy(n));
+ othern = mainposition(t, gkey(mp));
+ if (othern != mp) { /* is colliding node out of its main position? */
+ /* yes; move colliding node into free position */
+ while (gnext(othern) != mp) othern = gnext(othern); /* find previous */
+ gnext(othern) = n; /* redo the chain with `n' in place of `mp' */
+ *n = *mp; /* copy colliding node into free pos. (mp->next also goes) */
+ gnext(mp) = NULL; /* now `mp' is free */
+ setnilvalue(gval(mp));
+ }
+ else { /* colliding node is in its own main position */
+ /* new node will go into free position */
+ gnext(n) = gnext(mp); /* chain new position */
+ gnext(mp) = n;
+ mp = n;
+ }
+ }
+ setobj2t(L, gkey(mp), key);
+ luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(t), key);
+ lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(mp)));
+ return gval(mp);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** search function for integers
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, int key) {
+ /* (1 <= key && key <= t->sizearray) */
+ if (cast(unsigned int, key-1) < cast(unsigned int, t->sizearray))
+ return &t->array[key-1];
+ else {
+ lua_Number nk = cast_num(key);
+ Node *n = hashnum(t, nk);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ if (ttisnumber(gkey(n)) && luai_numeq(nvalue(gkey(n)), nk))
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** search function for short strings
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key) {
+ Node *n = hashstr(t, key);
+ lua_assert(key->tsv.tt == LUA_TSHRSTR);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ if (ttisshrstring(gkey(n)) && eqshrstr(rawtsvalue(gkey(n)), key))
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** main search function
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ switch (ttype(key)) {
+ case LUA_TSHRSTR: return luaH_getstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TNIL: return luaO_nilobject;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER: {
+ int k;
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(key);
+ lua_number2int(k, n);
+ if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), n)) /* index is int? */
+ return luaH_getint(t, k); /* use specialized version */
+ /* else go through */
+ }
+ default: {
+ Node *n = mainposition(t, key);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ if (luaV_rawequalobj(gkey(n), key))
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** beware: when using this function you probably need to check a GC
+** barrier and invalidate the TM cache.
+*/
+TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ const TValue *p = luaH_get(t, key);
+ if (p != luaO_nilobject)
+ return cast(TValue *, p);
+ else return luaH_newkey(L, t, key);
+}
+
+
+void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key, TValue *value) {
+ const TValue *p = luaH_getint(t, key);
+ TValue *cell;
+ if (p != luaO_nilobject)
+ cell = cast(TValue *, p);
+ else {
+ TValue k;
+ setnvalue(&k, cast_num(key));
+ cell = luaH_newkey(L, t, &k);
+ }
+ setobj2t(L, cell, value);
+}
+
+
+static int unbound_search (Table *t, unsigned int j) {
+ unsigned int i = j; /* i is zero or a present index */
+ j++;
+ /* find `i' and `j' such that i is present and j is not */
+ while (!ttisnil(luaH_getint(t, j))) {
+ i = j;
+ j *= 2;
+ if (j > cast(unsigned int, MAX_INT)) { /* overflow? */
+ /* table was built with bad purposes: resort to linear search */
+ i = 1;
+ while (!ttisnil(luaH_getint(t, i))) i++;
+ return i - 1;
+ }
+ }
+ /* now do a binary search between them */
+ while (j - i > 1) {
+ unsigned int m = (i+j)/2;
+ if (ttisnil(luaH_getint(t, m))) j = m;
+ else i = m;
+ }
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a boundary in table `t'. A `boundary' is an integer index
+** such that t[i] is non-nil and t[i+1] is nil (and 0 if t[1] is nil).
+*/
+int luaH_getn (Table *t) {
+ unsigned int j = t->sizearray;
+ if (j > 0 && ttisnil(&t->array[j - 1])) {
+ /* there is a boundary in the array part: (binary) search for it */
+ unsigned int i = 0;
+ while (j - i > 1) {
+ unsigned int m = (i+j)/2;
+ if (ttisnil(&t->array[m - 1])) j = m;
+ else i = m;
+ }
+ return i;
+ }
+ /* else must find a boundary in hash part */
+ else if (isdummy(t->node)) /* hash part is empty? */
+ return j; /* that is easy... */
+ else return unbound_search(t, j);
+}
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+
+Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ return mainposition(t, key);
+}
+
+int luaH_isdummy (Node *n) { return isdummy(n); }
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.h,v 2.16.1.2 2013/08/30 15:49:41 roberto Exp $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltable_h
+#define ltable_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define gnode(t,i) (&(t)->node[i])
+#define gkey(n) (&(n)->i_key.tvk)
+#define gval(n) (&(n)->i_val)
+#define gnext(n) ((n)->i_key.nk.next)
+
+#define invalidateTMcache(t) ((t)->flags = 0)
+
+/* returns the key, given the value of a table entry */
+#define keyfromval(v) \
+ (gkey(cast(Node *, cast(char *, (v)) - offsetof(Node, i_val))))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, int key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key, TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize, int nhsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_getn (Table *t);
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+LUAI_FUNC Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_isdummy (Node *n);
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: ltablib.c,v 1.65.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Library for Table Manipulation\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <stddef.h>\r
+\r
+#define ltablib_c\r
+#define LUA_LIB\r
+\r
+#include "lua.h"\r
+\r
+#include "lauxlib.h"\r
+#include "lualib.h"\r
+\r
+\r
+#define aux_getn(L,n) (luaL_checktype(L, n, LUA_TTABLE), luaL_len(L, n))\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MAXN)\r
+static int maxn (lua_State *L) {\r
+ lua_Number max = 0;\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */\r
+ while (lua_next(L, 1)) {\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */\r
+ if (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TNUMBER) {\r
+ lua_Number v = lua_tonumber(L, -1);\r
+ if (v > max) max = v;\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushnumber(L, max);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+static int tinsert (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int e = aux_getn(L, 1) + 1; /* first empty element */\r
+ int pos; /* where to insert new element */\r
+ switch (lua_gettop(L)) {\r
+ case 2: { /* called with only 2 arguments */\r
+ pos = e; /* insert new element at the end */\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ case 3: {\r
+ int i;\r
+ pos = luaL_checkint(L, 2); /* 2nd argument is the position */\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= pos && pos <= e, 2, "position out of bounds");\r
+ for (i = e; i > pos; i--) { /* move up elements */\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i-1);\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, i); /* t[i] = t[i-1] */\r
+ }\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ default: {\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments to " LUA_QL("insert"));\r
+ }\r
+ }\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = v */\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int tremove (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int size = aux_getn(L, 1);\r
+ int pos = luaL_optint(L, 2, size);\r
+ if (pos != size) /* validate 'pos' if given */\r
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= pos && pos <= size + 1, 1, "position out of bounds");\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos); /* result = t[pos] */\r
+ for ( ; pos < size; pos++) {\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos+1);\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = t[pos+1] */\r
+ }\r
+ lua_pushnil(L);\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = nil */\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static void addfield (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int i) {\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);\r
+ if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))\r
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid value (%s) at index %d in table for "\r
+ LUA_QL("concat"), luaL_typename(L, -1), i);\r
+ luaL_addvalue(b);\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int tconcat (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_Buffer b;\r
+ size_t lsep;\r
+ int i, last;\r
+ const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 2, "", &lsep);\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ i = luaL_optint(L, 3, 1);\r
+ last = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 4, luaL_len(L, 1));\r
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);\r
+ for (; i < last; i++) {\r
+ addfield(L, &b, i);\r
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, sep, lsep);\r
+ }\r
+ if (i == last) /* add last value (if interval was not empty) */\r
+ addfield(L, &b, i);\r
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Pack/unpack\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+static int pack (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of elements to pack */\r
+ lua_createtable(L, n, 1); /* create result table */\r
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n);\r
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "n"); /* t.n = number of elements */\r
+ if (n > 0) { /* at least one element? */\r
+ int i;\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, 1); /* insert first element */\r
+ lua_replace(L, 1); /* move table into index 1 */\r
+ for (i = n; i >= 2; i--) /* assign other elements */\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, i);\r
+ }\r
+ return 1; /* return table */\r
+}\r
+\r
+\r
+static int unpack (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int i, e, n;\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);\r
+ i = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);\r
+ e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 3, luaL_len(L, 1));\r
+ if (i > e) return 0; /* empty range */\r
+ n = e - i + 1; /* number of elements */\r
+ if (n <= 0 || !lua_checkstack(L, n)) /* n <= 0 means arith. overflow */\r
+ return luaL_error(L, "too many results to unpack");\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* push arg[i] (avoiding overflow problems) */\r
+ while (i++ < e) /* push arg[i + 1...e] */\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);\r
+ return n;\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Quicksort\r
+** (based on `Algorithms in MODULA-3', Robert Sedgewick;\r
+** Addison-Wesley, 1993.)\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+static void set2 (lua_State *L, int i, int j) {\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, i);\r
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, j);\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int sort_comp (lua_State *L, int a, int b) {\r
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, 2)) { /* function? */\r
+ int res;\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 2);\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, a-1); /* -1 to compensate function */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, b-2); /* -2 to compensate function and `a' */\r
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1);\r
+ res = lua_toboolean(L, -1);\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1);\r
+ return res;\r
+ }\r
+ else /* a < b? */\r
+ return lua_compare(L, a, b, LUA_OPLT);\r
+}\r
+\r
+static void auxsort (lua_State *L, int l, int u) {\r
+ while (l < u) { /* for tail recursion */\r
+ int i, j;\r
+ /* sort elements a[l], a[(l+u)/2] and a[u] */\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l);\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u);\r
+ if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) /* a[u] < a[l]? */\r
+ set2(L, l, u); /* swap a[l] - a[u] */\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pop(L, 2);\r
+ if (u-l == 1) break; /* only 2 elements */\r
+ i = (l+u)/2;\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l);\r
+ if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1)) /* a[i]<a[l]? */\r
+ set2(L, i, l);\r
+ else {\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[l] */\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u);\r
+ if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) /* a[u]<a[i]? */\r
+ set2(L, i, u);\r
+ else\r
+ lua_pop(L, 2);\r
+ }\r
+ if (u-l == 2) break; /* only 3 elements */\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* Pivot */\r
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1);\r
+ set2(L, i, u-1);\r
+ /* a[l] <= P == a[u-1] <= a[u], only need to sort from l+1 to u-2 */\r
+ i = l; j = u-1;\r
+ for (;;) { /* invariant: a[l..i] <= P <= a[j..u] */\r
+ /* repeat ++i until a[i] >= P */\r
+ while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {\r
+ if (i>=u) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[i] */\r
+ }\r
+ /* repeat --j until a[j] <= P */\r
+ while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {\r
+ if (j<=l) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");\r
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[j] */\r
+ }\r
+ if (j<i) {\r
+ lua_pop(L, 3); /* pop pivot, a[i], a[j] */\r
+ break;\r
+ }\r
+ set2(L, i, j);\r
+ }\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1);\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);\r
+ set2(L, u-1, i); /* swap pivot (a[u-1]) with a[i] */\r
+ /* a[l..i-1] <= a[i] == P <= a[i+1..u] */\r
+ /* adjust so that smaller half is in [j..i] and larger one in [l..u] */\r
+ if (i-l < u-i) {\r
+ j=l; i=i-1; l=i+2;\r
+ }\r
+ else {\r
+ j=i+1; i=u; u=j-2;\r
+ }\r
+ auxsort(L, j, i); /* call recursively the smaller one */\r
+ } /* repeat the routine for the larger one */\r
+}\r
+\r
+static int sort (lua_State *L) {\r
+ int n = aux_getn(L, 1);\r
+ luaL_checkstack(L, 40, ""); /* assume array is smaller than 2^40 */\r
+ if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) /* is there a 2nd argument? */\r
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);\r
+ lua_settop(L, 2); /* make sure there is two arguments */\r
+ auxsort(L, 1, n);\r
+ return 0;\r
+}\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = {\r
+ {"concat", tconcat},\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MAXN)\r
+ {"maxn", maxn},\r
+#endif\r
+ {"insert", tinsert},\r
+ {"pack", pack},\r
+ {"unpack", unpack},\r
+ {"remove", tremove},\r
+ {"sort", sort},\r
+ {NULL, NULL}\r
+};\r
+\r
+\r
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_table (lua_State *L) {\r
+ luaL_newlib(L, tab_funcs);\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_UNPACK)\r
+ /* _G.unpack = table.unpack */\r
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "unpack");\r
+ lua_setglobal(L, "unpack");\r
+#endif\r
+ return 1;\r
+}\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.c,v 2.14.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ltm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+static const char udatatypename[] = "userdata";
+
+LUAI_DDEF const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTAGS] = {
+ "no value",
+ "nil", "boolean", udatatypename, "number",
+ "string", "table", "function", udatatypename, "thread",
+ "proto", "upval" /* these last two cases are used for tests only */
+};
+
+
+void luaT_init (lua_State *L) {
+ static const char *const luaT_eventname[] = { /* ORDER TM */
+ "__index", "__newindex",
+ "__gc", "__mode", "__len", "__eq",
+ "__add", "__sub", "__mul", "__div", "__mod",
+ "__pow", "__unm", "__lt", "__le",
+ "__concat", "__call"
+ };
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<TM_N; i++) {
+ G(L)->tmname[i] = luaS_new(L, luaT_eventname[i]);
+ luaS_fix(G(L)->tmname[i]); /* never collect these names */
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to be used with macro "fasttm": optimized for absence of
+** tag methods
+*/
+const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename) {
+ const TValue *tm = luaH_getstr(events, ename);
+ lua_assert(event <= TM_EQ);
+ if (ttisnil(tm)) { /* no tag method? */
+ events->flags |= cast_byte(1u<<event); /* cache this fact */
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else return tm;
+}
+
+
+const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, TMS event) {
+ Table *mt;
+ switch (ttypenv(o)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ mt = hvalue(o)->metatable;
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ mt = uvalue(o)->metatable;
+ break;
+ default:
+ mt = G(L)->mt[ttypenv(o)];
+ }
+ return (mt ? luaH_getstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : luaO_nilobject);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.h,v 2.11.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltm_h
+#define ltm_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER TM"
+*/
+typedef enum {
+ TM_INDEX,
+ TM_NEWINDEX,
+ TM_GC,
+ TM_MODE,
+ TM_LEN,
+ TM_EQ, /* last tag method with `fast' access */
+ TM_ADD,
+ TM_SUB,
+ TM_MUL,
+ TM_DIV,
+ TM_MOD,
+ TM_POW,
+ TM_UNM,
+ TM_LT,
+ TM_LE,
+ TM_CONCAT,
+ TM_CALL,
+ TM_N /* number of elements in the enum */
+} TMS;
+
+
+
+#define gfasttm(g,et,e) ((et) == NULL ? NULL : \
+ ((et)->flags & (1u<<(e))) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(et, e, (g)->tmname[e]))
+
+#define fasttm(l,et,e) gfasttm(G(l), et, e)
+
+#define ttypename(x) luaT_typenames_[(x) + 1]
+#define objtypename(x) ttypename(ttypenv(x))
+
+LUAI_DDEC const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTAGS];
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+ TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_init (lua_State *L);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lua.c,v 1.206.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Lua stand-alone interpreter
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lua_c
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PROMPT)
+#define LUA_PROMPT "> "
+#define LUA_PROMPT2 ">> "
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PROGNAME)
+#define LUA_PROGNAME "lua"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_MAXINPUT)
+#define LUA_MAXINPUT 512
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_INIT)
+#define LUA_INIT "LUA_INIT"
+#endif
+
+#define LUA_INITVERSION \
+ LUA_INIT "_" LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "_" LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+
+
+/*
+** lua_stdin_is_tty detects whether the standard input is a 'tty' (that
+** is, whether we're running lua interactively).
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_ISATTY)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() isatty(0)
+#elif defined(LUA_WIN)
+#include <io.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() _isatty(_fileno(stdin))
+#else
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() 1 /* assume stdin is a tty */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** lua_readline defines how to show a prompt and then read a line from
+** the standard input.
+** lua_saveline defines how to "save" a read line in a "history".
+** lua_freeline defines how to free a line read by lua_readline.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_READLINE)
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <readline/readline.h>
+#include <readline/history.h>
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p) ((void)L, ((b)=readline(p)) != NULL)
+#define lua_saveline(L,idx) \
+ if (lua_rawlen(L,idx) > 0) /* non-empty line? */ \
+ add_history(lua_tostring(L, idx)); /* add it to history */
+#define lua_freeline(L,b) ((void)L, free(b))
+
+#elif !defined(lua_readline)
+
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p) \
+ ((void)L, fputs(p, stdout), fflush(stdout), /* show prompt */ \
+ fgets(b, LUA_MAXINPUT, stdin) != NULL) /* get line */
+#define lua_saveline(L,idx) { (void)L; (void)idx; }
+#define lua_freeline(L,b) { (void)L; (void)b; }
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+static lua_State *globalL = NULL;
+
+static const char *progname = LUA_PROGNAME;
+
+
+
+static void lstop (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ (void)ar; /* unused arg. */
+ lua_sethook(L, NULL, 0, 0);
+ luaL_error(L, "interrupted!");
+}
+
+
+static void laction (int i) {
+ signal(i, SIG_DFL); /* if another SIGINT happens before lstop,
+ terminate process (default action) */
+ lua_sethook(globalL, lstop, LUA_MASKCALL | LUA_MASKRET | LUA_MASKCOUNT, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void print_usage (const char *badoption) {
+ luai_writestringerror("%s: ", progname);
+ if (badoption[1] == 'e' || badoption[1] == 'l')
+ luai_writestringerror("'%s' needs argument\n", badoption);
+ else
+ luai_writestringerror("unrecognized option '%s'\n", badoption);
+ luai_writestringerror(
+ "usage: %s [options] [script [args]]\n"
+ "Available options are:\n"
+ " -e stat execute string " LUA_QL("stat") "\n"
+ " -i enter interactive mode after executing " LUA_QL("script") "\n"
+ " -l name require library " LUA_QL("name") "\n"
+ " -v show version information\n"
+ " -E ignore environment variables\n"
+ " -- stop handling options\n"
+ " - stop handling options and execute stdin\n"
+ ,
+ progname);
+}
+
+
+static void l_message (const char *pname, const char *msg) {
+ if (pname) luai_writestringerror("%s: ", pname);
+ luai_writestringerror("%s\n", msg);
+}
+
+
+static int report (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (status != LUA_OK && !lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+ const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (msg == NULL) msg = "(error object is not a string)";
+ l_message(progname, msg);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ /* force a complete garbage collection in case of errors */
+ lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOLLECT, 0);
+ }
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+/* the next function is called unprotected, so it must avoid errors */
+static void finalreport (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (status != LUA_OK) {
+ const char *msg = (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TSTRING) ? lua_tostring(L, -1)
+ : NULL;
+ if (msg == NULL) msg = "(error object is not a string)";
+ l_message(progname, msg);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int traceback (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, 1);
+ if (msg)
+ luaL_traceback(L, L, msg, 1);
+ else if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) { /* is there an error object? */
+ if (!luaL_callmeta(L, 1, "__tostring")) /* try its 'tostring' metamethod */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "(no error message)");
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int docall (lua_State *L, int narg, int nres) {
+ int status;
+ int base = lua_gettop(L) - narg; /* function index */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, traceback); /* push traceback function */
+ lua_insert(L, base); /* put it under chunk and args */
+ globalL = L; /* to be available to 'laction' */
+ signal(SIGINT, laction);
+ status = lua_pcall(L, narg, nres, base);
+ signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
+ lua_remove(L, base); /* remove traceback function */
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static void print_version (void) {
+ luai_writestring(LUA_COPYRIGHT, strlen(LUA_COPYRIGHT));
+ luai_writeline();
+}
+
+
+static int getargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+ int narg;
+ int i;
+ int argc = 0;
+ while (argv[argc]) argc++; /* count total number of arguments */
+ narg = argc - (n + 1); /* number of arguments to the script */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, narg + 3, "too many arguments to script");
+ for (i=n+1; i < argc; i++)
+ lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+ lua_createtable(L, narg, n + 1);
+ for (i=0; i < argc; i++) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, i - n);
+ }
+ return narg;
+}
+
+
+static int dofile (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+ int status = luaL_loadfile(L, name);
+ if (status == LUA_OK) status = docall(L, 0, 0);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int dostring (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *name) {
+ int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), name);
+ if (status == LUA_OK) status = docall(L, 0, 0);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int dolibrary (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+ int status;
+ lua_getglobal(L, "require");
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ status = docall(L, 1, 1); /* call 'require(name)' */
+ if (status == LUA_OK)
+ lua_setglobal(L, name); /* global[name] = require return */
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static const char *get_prompt (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
+ const char *p;
+ lua_getglobal(L, firstline ? "_PROMPT" : "_PROMPT2");
+ p = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (p == NULL) p = (firstline ? LUA_PROMPT : LUA_PROMPT2);
+ return p;
+}
+
+/* mark in error messages for incomplete statements */
+#define EOFMARK "<eof>"
+#define marklen (sizeof(EOFMARK)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+
+static int incomplete (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (status == LUA_ERRSYNTAX) {
+ size_t lmsg;
+ const char *msg = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &lmsg);
+ if (lmsg >= marklen && strcmp(msg + lmsg - marklen, EOFMARK) == 0) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* else... */
+}
+
+
+static int pushline (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
+ char buffer[LUA_MAXINPUT];
+ char *b = buffer;
+ size_t l;
+ const char *prmt = get_prompt(L, firstline);
+ int readstatus = lua_readline(L, b, prmt);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove result from 'get_prompt' */
+ if (readstatus == 0)
+ return 0; /* no input */
+ l = strlen(b);
+ if (l > 0 && b[l-1] == '\n') /* line ends with newline? */
+ b[l-1] = '\0'; /* remove it */
+ if (firstline && b[0] == '=') /* first line starts with `=' ? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s", b+1); /* change it to `return' */
+ else
+ lua_pushstring(L, b);
+ lua_freeline(L, b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int loadline (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ lua_settop(L, 0);
+ if (!pushline(L, 1))
+ return -1; /* no input */
+ for (;;) { /* repeat until gets a complete line */
+ size_t l;
+ const char *line = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
+ status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, line, l, "=stdin");
+ if (!incomplete(L, status)) break; /* cannot try to add lines? */
+ if (!pushline(L, 0)) /* no more input? */
+ return -1;
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n"); /* add a new line... */
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* ...between the two lines */
+ lua_concat(L, 3); /* join them */
+ }
+ lua_saveline(L, 1);
+ lua_remove(L, 1); /* remove line */
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static void dotty (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ const char *oldprogname = progname;
+ progname = NULL;
+ while ((status = loadline(L)) != -1) {
+ if (status == LUA_OK) status = docall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET);
+ report(L, status);
+ if (status == LUA_OK && lua_gettop(L) > 0) { /* any result to print? */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK, "too many results to print");
+ lua_getglobal(L, "print");
+ lua_insert(L, 1);
+ if (lua_pcall(L, lua_gettop(L)-1, 0, 0) != LUA_OK)
+ l_message(progname, lua_pushfstring(L,
+ "error calling " LUA_QL("print") " (%s)",
+ lua_tostring(L, -1)));
+ }
+ }
+ lua_settop(L, 0); /* clear stack */
+ luai_writeline();
+ progname = oldprogname;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_script (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+ int status;
+ const char *fname;
+ int narg = getargs(L, argv, n); /* collect arguments */
+ lua_setglobal(L, "arg");
+ fname = argv[n];
+ if (strcmp(fname, "-") == 0 && strcmp(argv[n-1], "--") != 0)
+ fname = NULL; /* stdin */
+ status = luaL_loadfile(L, fname);
+ lua_insert(L, -(narg+1));
+ if (status == LUA_OK)
+ status = docall(L, narg, LUA_MULTRET);
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, narg);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+/* check that argument has no extra characters at the end */
+#define noextrachars(x) {if ((x)[2] != '\0') return -1;}
+
+
+/* indices of various argument indicators in array args */
+#define has_i 0 /* -i */
+#define has_v 1 /* -v */
+#define has_e 2 /* -e */
+#define has_E 3 /* -E */
+
+#define num_has 4 /* number of 'has_*' */
+
+
+static int collectargs (char **argv, int *args) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {
+ if (argv[i][0] != '-') /* not an option? */
+ return i;
+ switch (argv[i][1]) { /* option */
+ case '-':
+ noextrachars(argv[i]);
+ return (argv[i+1] != NULL ? i+1 : 0);
+ case '\0':
+ return i;
+ case 'E':
+ args[has_E] = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'i':
+ noextrachars(argv[i]);
+ args[has_i] = 1; /* go through */
+ case 'v':
+ noextrachars(argv[i]);
+ args[has_v] = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'e':
+ args[has_e] = 1; /* go through */
+ case 'l': /* both options need an argument */
+ if (argv[i][2] == '\0') { /* no concatenated argument? */
+ i++; /* try next 'argv' */
+ if (argv[i] == NULL || argv[i][0] == '-')
+ return -(i - 1); /* no next argument or it is another option */
+ }
+ break;
+ default: /* invalid option; return its index... */
+ return -i; /* ...as a negative value */
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int runargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+ lua_assert(argv[i][0] == '-');
+ switch (argv[i][1]) { /* option */
+ case 'e': {
+ const char *chunk = argv[i] + 2;
+ if (*chunk == '\0') chunk = argv[++i];
+ lua_assert(chunk != NULL);
+ if (dostring(L, chunk, "=(command line)") != LUA_OK)
+ return 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'l': {
+ const char *filename = argv[i] + 2;
+ if (*filename == '\0') filename = argv[++i];
+ lua_assert(filename != NULL);
+ if (dolibrary(L, filename) != LUA_OK)
+ return 0; /* stop if file fails */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_luainit (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *name = "=" LUA_INITVERSION;
+ const char *init = getenv(name + 1);
+ if (init == NULL) {
+ name = "=" LUA_INIT;
+ init = getenv(name + 1); /* try alternative name */
+ }
+ if (init == NULL) return LUA_OK;
+ else if (init[0] == '@')
+ return dofile(L, init+1);
+ else
+ return dostring(L, init, name);
+}
+
+
+static int pmain (lua_State *L) {
+ int argc = (int)lua_tointeger(L, 1);
+ char **argv = (char **)lua_touserdata(L, 2);
+ int script;
+ int args[num_has];
+ args[has_i] = args[has_v] = args[has_e] = args[has_E] = 0;
+ if (argv[0] && argv[0][0]) progname = argv[0];
+ script = collectargs(argv, args);
+ if (script < 0) { /* invalid arg? */
+ print_usage(argv[-script]);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ if (args[has_v]) print_version();
+ if (args[has_E]) { /* option '-E'? */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* signal for libraries to ignore env. vars. */
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");
+ }
+ /* open standard libraries */
+ luaL_checkversion(L);
+ lua_gc(L, LUA_GCSTOP, 0); /* stop collector during initialization */
+ luaL_openlibs(L); /* open libraries */
+ lua_gc(L, LUA_GCRESTART, 0);
+ if (!args[has_E] && handle_luainit(L) != LUA_OK)
+ return 0; /* error running LUA_INIT */
+ /* execute arguments -e and -l */
+ if (!runargs(L, argv, (script > 0) ? script : argc)) return 0;
+ /* execute main script (if there is one) */
+ if (script && handle_script(L, argv, script) != LUA_OK) return 0;
+ if (args[has_i]) /* -i option? */
+ dotty(L);
+ else if (script == 0 && !args[has_e] && !args[has_v]) { /* no arguments? */
+ if (lua_stdin_is_tty()) {
+ print_version();
+ dotty(L);
+ }
+ else dofile(L, NULL); /* executes stdin as a file */
+ }
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* signal no errors */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv) {
+ int status, result;
+ lua_State *L = luaL_newstate(); /* create state */
+ if (L == NULL) {
+ l_message(argv[0], "cannot create state: not enough memory");
+ return EXIT_FAILURE;
+ }
+ /* call 'pmain' in protected mode */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, &pmain);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, argc); /* 1st argument */
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, argv); /* 2nd argument */
+ status = lua_pcall(L, 2, 1, 0);
+ result = lua_toboolean(L, -1); /* get result */
+ finalreport(L, status);
+ lua_close(L);
+ return (result && status == LUA_OK) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/** @file\r
+ Stub header to allow the "real" headers to reside in StdLib/Include/Lua\r
+ yet have the Lua sources build without having to change the include\r
+ directives in each file.\r
+\r
+ Copyright (c) 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>\r
+ This program and the accompanying materials are licensed and made available under\r
+ the terms and conditions of the BSD License that accompanies this distribution.\r
+ The full text of the license may be found at\r
+ http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.\r
+\r
+ THE PROGRAM IS DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE BSD LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,\r
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.\r
+**/\r
+#include <Lua/lua.h>\r
--- /dev/null
+// lua.hpp
+// Lua header files for C++
+// <<extern "C">> not supplied automatically because Lua also compiles as C++
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: luac.c,v 1.69 2011/11/29 17:46:33 lhf Exp $
+** Lua compiler (saves bytecodes to files; also list bytecodes)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define luac_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+static void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full);
+#define luaU_print PrintFunction
+
+#define PROGNAME "luac" /* default program name */
+#define OUTPUT PROGNAME ".out" /* default output file */
+
+static int listing=0; /* list bytecodes? */
+static int dumping=1; /* dump bytecodes? */
+static int stripping=0; /* strip debug information? */
+static char Output[]={ OUTPUT }; /* default output file name */
+static const char* output=Output; /* actual output file name */
+static const char* progname=PROGNAME; /* actual program name */
+
+static void fatal(const char* message)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void cannot(const char* what)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: cannot %s %s: %s\n",progname,what,output,strerror(errno));
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void usage(const char* message)
+{
+ if (*message=='-')
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: unrecognized option " LUA_QS "\n",progname,message);
+ else
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "usage: %s [options] [filenames]\n"
+ "Available options are:\n"
+ " -l list (use -l -l for full listing)\n"
+ " -o name output to file " LUA_QL("name") " (default is \"%s\")\n"
+ " -p parse only\n"
+ " -s strip debug information\n"
+ " -v show version information\n"
+ " -- stop handling options\n"
+ " - stop handling options and process stdin\n"
+ ,progname,Output);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+#define IS(s) (strcmp(argv[i],s)==0)
+
+static int doargs(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+ int i;
+ int version=0;
+ if (argv[0]!=NULL && *argv[0]!=0) progname=argv[0];
+ for (i=1; i<argc; i++)
+ {
+ if (*argv[i]!='-') /* end of options; keep it */
+ break;
+ else if (IS("--")) /* end of options; skip it */
+ {
+ ++i;
+ if (version) ++version;
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (IS("-")) /* end of options; use stdin */
+ break;
+ else if (IS("-l")) /* list */
+ ++listing;
+ else if (IS("-o")) /* output file */
+ {
+ output=argv[++i];
+ if (output==NULL || *output==0 || (*output=='-' && output[1]!=0))
+ usage(LUA_QL("-o") " needs argument");
+ if (IS("-")) output=NULL;
+ }
+ else if (IS("-p")) /* parse only */
+ dumping=0;
+ else if (IS("-s")) /* strip debug information */
+ stripping=1;
+ else if (IS("-v")) /* show version */
+ ++version;
+ else /* unknown option */
+ usage(argv[i]);
+ }
+ if (i==argc && (listing || !dumping))
+ {
+ dumping=0;
+ argv[--i]=Output;
+ }
+ if (version)
+ {
+ printf("%s\n",LUA_COPYRIGHT);
+ if (version==argc-1) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ }
+ return i;
+}
+
+#define FUNCTION "(function()end)();"
+
+static const char* reader(lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size)
+{
+ UNUSED(L);
+ if ((*(int*)ud)--)
+ {
+ *size=sizeof(FUNCTION)-1;
+ return FUNCTION;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ *size=0;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+#define toproto(L,i) getproto(L->top+(i))
+
+static const Proto* combine(lua_State* L, int n)
+{
+ if (n==1)
+ return toproto(L,-1);
+ else
+ {
+ Proto* f;
+ int i=n;
+ if (lua_load(L,reader,&i,"=(" PROGNAME ")",NULL)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ f=toproto(L,-1);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ f->p[i]=toproto(L,i-n-1);
+ if (f->p[i]->sizeupvalues>0) f->p[i]->upvalues[0].instack=0;
+ }
+ f->sizelineinfo=0;
+ return f;
+ }
+}
+
+static int writer(lua_State* L, const void* p, size_t size, void* u)
+{
+ UNUSED(L);
+ return (fwrite(p,size,1,(FILE*)u)!=1) && (size!=0);
+}
+
+static int pmain(lua_State* L)
+{
+ int argc=(int)lua_tointeger(L,1);
+ char** argv=(char**)lua_touserdata(L,2);
+ const Proto* f;
+ int i;
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L,argc)) fatal("too many input files");
+ for (i=0; i<argc; i++)
+ {
+ const char* filename=IS("-") ? NULL : argv[i];
+ if (luaL_loadfile(L,filename)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ }
+ f=combine(L,argc);
+ if (listing) luaU_print(f,listing>1);
+ if (dumping)
+ {
+ FILE* D= (output==NULL) ? stdout : fopen(output,"wb");
+ if (D==NULL) cannot("open");
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaU_dump(L,f,writer,D,stripping);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ if (ferror(D)) cannot("write");
+ if (fclose(D)) cannot("close");
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+ lua_State* L;
+ int i=doargs(argc,argv);
+ argc-=i; argv+=i;
+ if (argc<=0) usage("no input files given");
+ L=luaL_newstate();
+ if (L==NULL) fatal("cannot create state: not enough memory");
+ lua_pushcfunction(L,&pmain);
+ lua_pushinteger(L,argc);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L,argv);
+ if (lua_pcall(L,2,0,0)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ lua_close(L);
+ return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+** $Id: print.c,v 1.69 2013/07/04 01:03:46 lhf Exp $
+** print bytecodes
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define luac_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+
+#define VOID(p) ((const void*)(p))
+
+static void PrintString(const TString* ts)
+{
+ const char* s=getstr(ts);
+ size_t i,n=ts->tsv.len;
+ printf("%c",'"');
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ int c=(int)(unsigned char)s[i];
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '"': printf("\\\""); break;
+ case '\\': printf("\\\\"); break;
+ case '\a': printf("\\a"); break;
+ case '\b': printf("\\b"); break;
+ case '\f': printf("\\f"); break;
+ case '\n': printf("\\n"); break;
+ case '\r': printf("\\r"); break;
+ case '\t': printf("\\t"); break;
+ case '\v': printf("\\v"); break;
+ default: if (isprint(c))
+ printf("%c",c);
+ else
+ printf("\\%03d",c);
+ }
+ }
+ printf("%c",'"');
+}
+
+static void PrintConstant(const Proto* f, int i)
+{
+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ switch (ttypenv(o))
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ printf("nil");
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ printf(bvalue(o) ? "true" : "false");
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ printf(LUA_NUMBER_FMT,nvalue(o));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ PrintString(rawtsvalue(o));
+ break;
+ default: /* cannot happen */
+ printf("? type=%d",ttype(o));
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+#define UPVALNAME(x) ((f->upvalues[x].name) ? getstr(f->upvalues[x].name) : "-")
+#define MYK(x) (-1-(x))
+
+static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
+{
+ const Instruction* code=f->code;
+ int pc,n=f->sizecode;
+ for (pc=0; pc<n; pc++)
+ {
+ Instruction i=code[pc];
+ OpCode o=GET_OPCODE(i);
+ int a=GETARG_A(i);
+ int b=GETARG_B(i);
+ int c=GETARG_C(i);
+ int ax=GETARG_Ax(i);
+ int bx=GETARG_Bx(i);
+ int sbx=GETARG_sBx(i);
+ int line=getfuncline(f,pc);
+ printf("\t%d\t",pc+1);
+ if (line>0) printf("[%d]\t",line); else printf("[-]\t");
+ printf("%-9s\t",luaP_opnames[o]);
+ switch (getOpMode(o))
+ {
+ case iABC:
+ printf("%d",a);
+ if (getBMode(o)!=OpArgN) printf(" %d",ISK(b) ? (MYK(INDEXK(b))) : b);
+ if (getCMode(o)!=OpArgN) printf(" %d",ISK(c) ? (MYK(INDEXK(c))) : c);
+ break;
+ case iABx:
+ printf("%d",a);
+ if (getBMode(o)==OpArgK) printf(" %d",MYK(bx));
+ if (getBMode(o)==OpArgU) printf(" %d",bx);
+ break;
+ case iAsBx:
+ printf("%d %d",a,sbx);
+ break;
+ case iAx:
+ printf("%d",MYK(ax));
+ break;
+ }
+ switch (o)
+ {
+ case OP_LOADK:
+ printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,bx);
+ break;
+ case OP_GETUPVAL:
+ case OP_SETUPVAL:
+ printf("\t; %s",UPVALNAME(b));
+ break;
+ case OP_GETTABUP:
+ printf("\t; %s",UPVALNAME(b));
+ if (ISK(c)) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); }
+ break;
+ case OP_SETTABUP:
+ printf("\t; %s",UPVALNAME(a));
+ if (ISK(b)) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(b)); }
+ if (ISK(c)) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); }
+ break;
+ case OP_GETTABLE:
+ case OP_SELF:
+ if (ISK(c)) { printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); }
+ break;
+ case OP_SETTABLE:
+ case OP_ADD:
+ case OP_SUB:
+ case OP_MUL:
+ case OP_DIV:
+ case OP_POW:
+ case OP_EQ:
+ case OP_LT:
+ case OP_LE:
+ if (ISK(b) || ISK(c))
+ {
+ printf("\t; ");
+ if (ISK(b)) PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(b)); else printf("-");
+ printf(" ");
+ if (ISK(c)) PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); else printf("-");
+ }
+ break;
+ case OP_JMP:
+ case OP_FORLOOP:
+ case OP_FORPREP:
+ case OP_TFORLOOP:
+ printf("\t; to %d",sbx+pc+2);
+ break;
+ case OP_CLOSURE:
+ printf("\t; %p",VOID(f->p[bx]));
+ break;
+ case OP_SETLIST:
+ if (c==0) printf("\t; %d",(int)code[++pc]); else printf("\t; %d",c);
+ break;
+ case OP_EXTRAARG:
+ printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,ax);
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ printf("\n");
+ }
+}
+
+#define SS(x) ((x==1)?"":"s")
+#define S(x) (int)(x),SS(x)
+
+static void PrintHeader(const Proto* f)
+{
+ const char* s=f->source ? getstr(f->source) : "=?";
+ if (*s=='@' || *s=='=')
+ s++;
+ else if (*s==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+ s="(bstring)";
+ else
+ s="(string)";
+ printf("\n%s <%s:%d,%d> (%d instruction%s at %p)\n",
+ (f->linedefined==0)?"main":"function",s,
+ f->linedefined,f->lastlinedefined,
+ S(f->sizecode),VOID(f));
+ printf("%d%s param%s, %d slot%s, %d upvalue%s, ",
+ (int)(f->numparams),f->is_vararg?"+":"",SS(f->numparams),
+ S(f->maxstacksize),S(f->sizeupvalues));
+ printf("%d local%s, %d constant%s, %d function%s\n",
+ S(f->sizelocvars),S(f->sizek),S(f->sizep));
+}
+
+static void PrintDebug(const Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n=f->sizek;
+ printf("constants (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ printf("\t%d\t",i+1);
+ PrintConstant(f,i);
+ printf("\n");
+ }
+ n=f->sizelocvars;
+ printf("locals (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",
+ i,getstr(f->locvars[i].varname),f->locvars[i].startpc+1,f->locvars[i].endpc+1);
+ }
+ n=f->sizeupvalues;
+ printf("upvalues (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",
+ i,UPVALNAME(i),f->upvalues[i].instack,f->upvalues[i].idx);
+ }
+}
+
+static void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizep;
+ PrintHeader(f);
+ PrintCode(f);
+ if (full) PrintDebug(f);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) PrintFunction(f->p[i],full);
+}
--- /dev/null
+/** @file\r
+ Stub header to allow the "real" headers to reside in StdLib/Include/Lua\r
+ yet have the Lua sources build without having to change the include\r
+ directives in each file.\r
+\r
+ Copyright (c) 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>\r
+ This program and the accompanying materials are licensed and made available under\r
+ the terms and conditions of the BSD License that accompanies this distribution.\r
+ The full text of the license may be found at\r
+ http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.\r
+\r
+ THE PROGRAM IS DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE BSD LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,\r
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.\r
+**/\r
+#include <Lua/luaconf.h>\r
--- /dev/null
+/** @file\r
+ Stub header to allow the "real" headers to reside in StdLib/Include/Lua\r
+ yet have the Lua sources build without having to change the include\r
+ directives in each file.\r
+\r
+ Copyright (c) 2014, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>\r
+ This program and the accompanying materials are licensed and made available under\r
+ the terms and conditions of the BSD License that accompanies this distribution.\r
+ The full text of the license may be found at\r
+ http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.\r
+\r
+ THE PROGRAM IS DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE BSD LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,\r
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.\r
+**/\r
+#include <Lua/lualib.h>\r
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.c,v 2.22.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lundump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+ lua_State* L;
+ ZIO* Z;
+ Mbuffer* b;
+ const char* name;
+} LoadState;
+
+static l_noret error(LoadState* S, const char* why)
+{
+ luaO_pushfstring(S->L,"%s: %s precompiled chunk",S->name,why);
+ luaD_throw(S->L,LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+
+#define LoadMem(S,b,n,size) LoadBlock(S,b,(n)*(size))
+#define LoadByte(S) (lu_byte)LoadChar(S)
+#define LoadVar(S,x) LoadMem(S,&x,1,sizeof(x))
+#define LoadVector(S,b,n,size) LoadMem(S,b,n,size)
+
+#if !defined(luai_verifycode)
+#define luai_verifycode(L,b,f) /* empty */
+#endif
+
+static void LoadBlock(LoadState* S, void* b, size_t size)
+{
+ if (luaZ_read(S->Z,b,size)!=0) error(S,"truncated");
+}
+
+static int LoadChar(LoadState* S)
+{
+ char x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ return x;
+}
+
+static int LoadInt(LoadState* S)
+{
+ int x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ if (x<0) error(S,"corrupted");
+ return x;
+}
+
+static lua_Number LoadNumber(LoadState* S)
+{
+ lua_Number x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ return x;
+}
+
+static TString* LoadString(LoadState* S)
+{
+ size_t size;
+ LoadVar(S,size);
+ if (size==0)
+ return NULL;
+ else
+ {
+ char* s=luaZ_openspace(S->L,S->b,size);
+ LoadBlock(S,s,size*sizeof(char));
+ return luaS_newlstr(S->L,s,size-1); /* remove trailing '\0' */
+ }
+}
+
+static void LoadCode(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->code=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Instruction);
+ f->sizecode=n;
+ LoadVector(S,f->code,n,sizeof(Instruction));
+}
+
+static void LoadFunction(LoadState* S, Proto* f);
+
+static void LoadConstants(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->k=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,TValue);
+ f->sizek=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) setnilvalue(&f->k[i]);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ int t=LoadChar(S);
+ switch (t)
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ setnilvalue(o);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ setbvalue(o,LoadChar(S));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ setnvalue(o,LoadNumber(S));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ setsvalue2n(S->L,o,LoadString(S));
+ break;
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+ }
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->p=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Proto*);
+ f->sizep=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->p[i]=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ f->p[i]=luaF_newproto(S->L);
+ LoadFunction(S,f->p[i]);
+ }
+}
+
+static void LoadUpvalues(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->upvalues=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Upvaldesc);
+ f->sizeupvalues=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i].name=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ f->upvalues[i].instack=LoadByte(S);
+ f->upvalues[i].idx=LoadByte(S);
+ }
+}
+
+static void LoadDebug(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ f->source=LoadString(S);
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->lineinfo=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,int);
+ f->sizelineinfo=n;
+ LoadVector(S,f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int));
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->locvars=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,LocVar);
+ f->sizelocvars=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->locvars[i].varname=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ f->locvars[i].varname=LoadString(S);
+ f->locvars[i].startpc=LoadInt(S);
+ f->locvars[i].endpc=LoadInt(S);
+ }
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i].name=LoadString(S);
+}
+
+static void LoadFunction(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ f->linedefined=LoadInt(S);
+ f->lastlinedefined=LoadInt(S);
+ f->numparams=LoadByte(S);
+ f->is_vararg=LoadByte(S);
+ f->maxstacksize=LoadByte(S);
+ LoadCode(S,f);
+ LoadConstants(S,f);
+ LoadUpvalues(S,f);
+ LoadDebug(S,f);
+}
+
+/* the code below must be consistent with the code in luaU_header */
+#define N0 LUAC_HEADERSIZE
+#define N1 (sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char))
+#define N2 N1+2
+#define N3 N2+6
+
+static void LoadHeader(LoadState* S)
+{
+ lu_byte h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ lu_byte s[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ luaU_header(h);
+ memcpy(s,h,sizeof(char)); /* first char already read */
+ LoadBlock(S,s+sizeof(char),LUAC_HEADERSIZE-sizeof(char));
+ if (memcmp(h,s,N0)==0) return;
+ if (memcmp(h,s,N1)!=0) error(S,"not a");
+ if (memcmp(h,s,N2)!=0) error(S,"version mismatch in");
+ if (memcmp(h,s,N3)!=0) error(S,"incompatible"); else error(S,"corrupted");
+}
+
+/*
+** load precompiled chunk
+*/
+Closure* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name)
+{
+ LoadState S;
+ Closure* cl;
+ if (*name=='@' || *name=='=')
+ S.name=name+1;
+ else if (*name==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+ S.name="binary string";
+ else
+ S.name=name;
+ S.L=L;
+ S.Z=Z;
+ S.b=buff;
+ LoadHeader(&S);
+ cl=luaF_newLclosure(L,1);
+ setclLvalue(L,L->top,cl); incr_top(L);
+ cl->l.p=luaF_newproto(L);
+ LoadFunction(&S,cl->l.p);
+ if (cl->l.p->sizeupvalues != 1)
+ {
+ Proto* p=cl->l.p;
+ cl=luaF_newLclosure(L,cl->l.p->sizeupvalues);
+ cl->l.p=p;
+ setclLvalue(L,L->top-1,cl);
+ }
+ luai_verifycode(L,buff,cl->l.p);
+ return cl;
+}
+
+#define MYINT(s) (s[0]-'0')
+#define VERSION MYINT(LUA_VERSION_MAJOR)*16+MYINT(LUA_VERSION_MINOR)
+#define FORMAT 0 /* this is the official format */
+
+/*
+* make header for precompiled chunks
+* if you change the code below be sure to update LoadHeader and FORMAT above
+* and LUAC_HEADERSIZE in lundump.h
+*/
+void luaU_header (lu_byte* h)
+{
+ int x=1;
+ memcpy(h,LUA_SIGNATURE,sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char));
+ h+=sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char);
+ *h++=cast_byte(VERSION);
+ *h++=cast_byte(FORMAT);
+ *h++=cast_byte(*(char*)&x); /* endianness */
+ *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(int));
+ *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(size_t));
+ *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(Instruction));
+ *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(lua_Number));
+ *h++=cast_byte(((lua_Number)0.5)==0); /* is lua_Number integral? */
+ memcpy(h,LUAC_TAIL,sizeof(LUAC_TAIL)-sizeof(char));
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.h,v 1.39.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lundump_h
+#define lundump_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+/* load one chunk; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC Closure* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name);
+
+/* make header; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC void luaU_header (lu_byte* h);
+
+/* dump one chunk; from ldump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip);
+
+/* data to catch conversion errors */
+#define LUAC_TAIL "\x19\x93\r\n\x1a\n"
+
+/* size in bytes of header of binary files */
+#define LUAC_HEADERSIZE (sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char)+2+6+sizeof(LUAC_TAIL)-sizeof(char))
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.c,v 2.155.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lvm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+/* limit for table tag-method chains (to avoid loops) */
+#define MAXTAGLOOP 100
+
+
+const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n) {
+ lua_Number num;
+ if (ttisnumber(obj)) return obj;
+ if (ttisstring(obj) && luaO_str2d(svalue(obj), tsvalue(obj)->len, &num)) {
+ setnvalue(n, num);
+ return n;
+ }
+ else
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj) {
+ if (!ttisnumber(obj))
+ return 0;
+ else {
+ char s[LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR];
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(obj);
+ int l = lua_number2str(s, n);
+ setsvalue2s(L, obj, luaS_newlstr(L, s, l));
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void traceexec (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ lu_byte mask = L->hookmask;
+ int counthook = ((mask & LUA_MASKCOUNT) && L->hookcount == 0);
+ if (counthook)
+ resethookcount(L); /* reset count */
+ if (ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKYIELD) { /* called hook last time? */
+ ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKYIELD; /* erase mark */
+ return; /* do not call hook again (VM yielded, so it did not move) */
+ }
+ if (counthook)
+ luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCOUNT, -1); /* call count hook */
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) {
+ Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
+ int npc = pcRel(ci->u.l.savedpc, p);
+ int newline = getfuncline(p, npc);
+ if (npc == 0 || /* call linehook when enter a new function, */
+ ci->u.l.savedpc <= L->oldpc || /* when jump back (loop), or when */
+ newline != getfuncline(p, pcRel(L->oldpc, p))) /* enter a new line */
+ luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKLINE, newline); /* call line hook */
+ }
+ L->oldpc = ci->u.l.savedpc;
+ if (L->status == LUA_YIELD) { /* did hook yield? */
+ if (counthook)
+ L->hookcount = 1; /* undo decrement to zero */
+ ci->u.l.savedpc--; /* undo increment (resume will increment it again) */
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_HOOKYIELD; /* mark that it yielded */
+ ci->func = L->top - 1; /* protect stack below results */
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_YIELD);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2, TValue *p3, int hasres) {
+ ptrdiff_t result = savestack(L, p3);
+ setobj2s(L, L->top++, f); /* push function */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top++, p1); /* 1st argument */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top++, p2); /* 2nd argument */
+ if (!hasres) /* no result? 'p3' is third argument */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top++, p3); /* 3rd argument */
+ /* metamethod may yield only when called from Lua code */
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - (4 - hasres), hasres, isLua(L->ci));
+ if (hasres) { /* if has result, move it to its place */
+ p3 = restorestack(L, result);
+ setobjs2s(L, p3, --L->top);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) {
+ int loop;
+ for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ if (ttistable(t)) { /* `t' is a table? */
+ Table *h = hvalue(t);
+ const TValue *res = luaH_get(h, key); /* do a primitive get */
+ if (!ttisnil(res) || /* result is not nil? */
+ (tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_INDEX)) == NULL) { /* or no TM? */
+ setobj2s(L, val, res);
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else will try the tag method */
+ }
+ else if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_INDEX)))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+ if (ttisfunction(tm)) {
+ callTM(L, tm, t, key, val, 1);
+ return;
+ }
+ t = tm; /* else repeat with 'tm' */
+ }
+ luaG_runerror(L, "loop in gettable");
+}
+
+
+void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) {
+ int loop;
+ for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ if (ttistable(t)) { /* `t' is a table? */
+ Table *h = hvalue(t);
+ TValue *oldval = cast(TValue *, luaH_get(h, key));
+ /* if previous value is not nil, there must be a previous entry
+ in the table; moreover, a metamethod has no relevance */
+ if (!ttisnil(oldval) ||
+ /* previous value is nil; must check the metamethod */
+ ((tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX)) == NULL &&
+ /* no metamethod; is there a previous entry in the table? */
+ (oldval != luaO_nilobject ||
+ /* no previous entry; must create one. (The next test is
+ always true; we only need the assignment.) */
+ (oldval = luaH_newkey(L, h, key), 1)))) {
+ /* no metamethod and (now) there is an entry with given key */
+ setobj2t(L, oldval, val); /* assign new value to that entry */
+ invalidateTMcache(h);
+ luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(h), val);
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else will try the metamethod */
+ }
+ else /* not a table; check metamethod */
+ if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_NEWINDEX)))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+ /* there is a metamethod */
+ if (ttisfunction(tm)) {
+ callTM(L, tm, t, key, val, 0);
+ return;
+ }
+ t = tm; /* else repeat with 'tm' */
+ }
+ luaG_runerror(L, "loop in settable");
+}
+
+
+static int call_binTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+ StkId res, TMS event) {
+ const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event); /* try first operand */
+ if (ttisnil(tm))
+ tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event); /* try second operand */
+ if (ttisnil(tm)) return 0;
+ callTM(L, tm, p1, p2, res, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const TValue *get_equalTM (lua_State *L, Table *mt1, Table *mt2,
+ TMS event) {
+ const TValue *tm1 = fasttm(L, mt1, event);
+ const TValue *tm2;
+ if (tm1 == NULL) return NULL; /* no metamethod */
+ if (mt1 == mt2) return tm1; /* same metatables => same metamethods */
+ tm2 = fasttm(L, mt2, event);
+ if (tm2 == NULL) return NULL; /* no metamethod */
+ if (luaV_rawequalobj(tm1, tm2)) /* same metamethods? */
+ return tm1;
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static int call_orderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+ TMS event) {
+ if (!call_binTM(L, p1, p2, L->top, event))
+ return -1; /* no metamethod */
+ else
+ return !l_isfalse(L->top);
+}
+
+
+static int l_strcmp (const TString *ls, const TString *rs) {
+ const char *l = getstr(ls);
+ size_t ll = ls->tsv.len;
+ const char *r = getstr(rs);
+ size_t lr = rs->tsv.len;
+ for (;;) {
+ int temp = strcoll(l, r);
+ if (temp != 0) return temp;
+ else { /* strings are equal up to a `\0' */
+ size_t len = strlen(l); /* index of first `\0' in both strings */
+ if (len == lr) /* r is finished? */
+ return (len == ll) ? 0 : 1;
+ else if (len == ll) /* l is finished? */
+ return -1; /* l is smaller than r (because r is not finished) */
+ /* both strings longer than `len'; go on comparing (after the `\0') */
+ len++;
+ l += len; ll -= len; r += len; lr -= len;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+ int res;
+ if (ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r))
+ return luai_numlt(L, nvalue(l), nvalue(r));
+ else if (ttisstring(l) && ttisstring(r))
+ return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) < 0;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LT)) < 0)
+ luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+int luaV_lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+ int res;
+ if (ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r))
+ return luai_numle(L, nvalue(l), nvalue(r));
+ else if (ttisstring(l) && ttisstring(r))
+ return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) <= 0;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LE)) >= 0) /* first try `le' */
+ return res;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, r, l, TM_LT)) < 0) /* else try `lt' */
+ luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+ return !res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** equality of Lua values. L == NULL means raw equality (no metamethods)
+*/
+int luaV_equalobj_ (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ lua_assert(ttisequal(t1, t2));
+ switch (ttype(t1)) {
+ case LUA_TNIL: return 1;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER: return luai_numeq(nvalue(t1), nvalue(t2));
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN: return bvalue(t1) == bvalue(t2); /* true must be 1 !! */
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2);
+ case LUA_TLCF: return fvalue(t1) == fvalue(t2);
+ case LUA_TSHRSTR: return eqshrstr(rawtsvalue(t1), rawtsvalue(t2));
+ case LUA_TLNGSTR: return luaS_eqlngstr(rawtsvalue(t1), rawtsvalue(t2));
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+ if (uvalue(t1) == uvalue(t2)) return 1;
+ else if (L == NULL) return 0;
+ tm = get_equalTM(L, uvalue(t1)->metatable, uvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+ break; /* will try TM */
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ if (hvalue(t1) == hvalue(t2)) return 1;
+ else if (L == NULL) return 0;
+ tm = get_equalTM(L, hvalue(t1)->metatable, hvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+ break; /* will try TM */
+ }
+ default:
+ lua_assert(iscollectable(t1));
+ return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2);
+ }
+ if (tm == NULL) return 0; /* no TM? */
+ callTM(L, tm, t1, t2, L->top, 1); /* call TM */
+ return !l_isfalse(L->top);
+}
+
+
+void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total) {
+ lua_assert(total >= 2);
+ do {
+ StkId top = L->top;
+ int n = 2; /* number of elements handled in this pass (at least 2) */
+ if (!(ttisstring(top-2) || ttisnumber(top-2)) || !tostring(L, top-1)) {
+ if (!call_binTM(L, top-2, top-1, top-2, TM_CONCAT))
+ luaG_concaterror(L, top-2, top-1);
+ }
+ else if (tsvalue(top-1)->len == 0) /* second operand is empty? */
+ (void)tostring(L, top - 2); /* result is first operand */
+ else if (ttisstring(top-2) && tsvalue(top-2)->len == 0) {
+ setobjs2s(L, top - 2, top - 1); /* result is second op. */
+ }
+ else {
+ /* at least two non-empty string values; get as many as possible */
+ size_t tl = tsvalue(top-1)->len;
+ char *buffer;
+ int i;
+ /* collect total length */
+ for (i = 1; i < total && tostring(L, top-i-1); i++) {
+ size_t l = tsvalue(top-i-1)->len;
+ if (l >= (MAX_SIZET/sizeof(char)) - tl)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "string length overflow");
+ tl += l;
+ }
+ buffer = luaZ_openspace(L, &G(L)->buff, tl);
+ tl = 0;
+ n = i;
+ do { /* concat all strings */
+ size_t l = tsvalue(top-i)->len;
+ memcpy(buffer+tl, svalue(top-i), l * sizeof(char));
+ tl += l;
+ } while (--i > 0);
+ setsvalue2s(L, top-n, luaS_newlstr(L, buffer, tl));
+ }
+ total -= n-1; /* got 'n' strings to create 1 new */
+ L->top -= n-1; /* popped 'n' strings and pushed one */
+ } while (total > 1); /* repeat until only 1 result left */
+}
+
+
+void luaV_objlen (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ switch (ttypenv(rb)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ Table *h = hvalue(rb);
+ tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_LEN);
+ if (tm) break; /* metamethod? break switch to call it */
+ setnvalue(ra, cast_num(luaH_getn(h))); /* else primitive len */
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {
+ setnvalue(ra, cast_num(tsvalue(rb)->len));
+ return;
+ }
+ default: { /* try metamethod */
+ tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rb, TM_LEN);
+ if (ttisnil(tm)) /* no metamethod? */
+ luaG_typeerror(L, rb, "get length of");
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ callTM(L, tm, rb, rb, ra, 1);
+}
+
+
+void luaV_arith (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb,
+ const TValue *rc, TMS op) {
+ TValue tempb, tempc;
+ const TValue *b, *c;
+ if ((b = luaV_tonumber(rb, &tempb)) != NULL &&
+ (c = luaV_tonumber(rc, &tempc)) != NULL) {
+ lua_Number res = luaO_arith(op - TM_ADD + LUA_OPADD, nvalue(b), nvalue(c));
+ setnvalue(ra, res);
+ }
+ else if (!call_binTM(L, rb, rc, ra, op))
+ luaG_aritherror(L, rb, rc);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether cached closure in prototype 'p' may be reused, that is,
+** whether there is a cached closure with the same upvalues needed by
+** new closure to be created.
+*/
+static Closure *getcached (Proto *p, UpVal **encup, StkId base) {
+ Closure *c = p->cache;
+ if (c != NULL) { /* is there a cached closure? */
+ int nup = p->sizeupvalues;
+ Upvaldesc *uv = p->upvalues;
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) { /* check whether it has right upvalues */
+ TValue *v = uv[i].instack ? base + uv[i].idx : encup[uv[i].idx]->v;
+ if (c->l.upvals[i]->v != v)
+ return NULL; /* wrong upvalue; cannot reuse closure */
+ }
+ }
+ return c; /* return cached closure (or NULL if no cached closure) */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create a new Lua closure, push it in the stack, and initialize
+** its upvalues. Note that the call to 'luaC_barrierproto' must come
+** before the assignment to 'p->cache', as the function needs the
+** original value of that field.
+*/
+static void pushclosure (lua_State *L, Proto *p, UpVal **encup, StkId base,
+ StkId ra) {
+ int nup = p->sizeupvalues;
+ Upvaldesc *uv = p->upvalues;
+ int i;
+ Closure *ncl = luaF_newLclosure(L, nup);
+ ncl->l.p = p;
+ setclLvalue(L, ra, ncl); /* anchor new closure in stack */
+ for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) { /* fill in its upvalues */
+ if (uv[i].instack) /* upvalue refers to local variable? */
+ ncl->l.upvals[i] = luaF_findupval(L, base + uv[i].idx);
+ else /* get upvalue from enclosing function */
+ ncl->l.upvals[i] = encup[uv[i].idx];
+ }
+ luaC_barrierproto(L, p, ncl);
+ p->cache = ncl; /* save it on cache for reuse */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** finish execution of an opcode interrupted by an yield
+*/
+void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ StkId base = ci->u.l.base;
+ Instruction inst = *(ci->u.l.savedpc - 1); /* interrupted instruction */
+ OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(inst);
+ switch (op) { /* finish its execution */
+ case OP_ADD: case OP_SUB: case OP_MUL: case OP_DIV:
+ case OP_MOD: case OP_POW: case OP_UNM: case OP_LEN:
+ case OP_GETTABUP: case OP_GETTABLE: case OP_SELF: {
+ setobjs2s(L, base + GETARG_A(inst), --L->top);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_LE: case OP_LT: case OP_EQ: {
+ int res = !l_isfalse(L->top - 1);
+ L->top--;
+ /* metamethod should not be called when operand is K */
+ lua_assert(!ISK(GETARG_B(inst)));
+ if (op == OP_LE && /* "<=" using "<" instead? */
+ ttisnil(luaT_gettmbyobj(L, base + GETARG_B(inst), TM_LE)))
+ res = !res; /* invert result */
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_JMP);
+ if (res != GETARG_A(inst)) /* condition failed? */
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++; /* skip jump instruction */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CONCAT: {
+ StkId top = L->top - 1; /* top when 'call_binTM' was called */
+ int b = GETARG_B(inst); /* first element to concatenate */
+ int total = cast_int(top - 1 - (base + b)); /* yet to concatenate */
+ setobj2s(L, top - 2, top); /* put TM result in proper position */
+ if (total > 1) { /* are there elements to concat? */
+ L->top = top - 1; /* top is one after last element (at top-2) */
+ luaV_concat(L, total); /* concat them (may yield again) */
+ }
+ /* move final result to final position */
+ setobj2s(L, ci->u.l.base + GETARG_A(inst), L->top - 1);
+ L->top = ci->top; /* restore top */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_TFORCALL: {
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_TFORLOOP);
+ L->top = ci->top; /* correct top */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CALL: {
+ if (GETARG_C(inst) - 1 >= 0) /* nresults >= 0? */
+ L->top = ci->top; /* adjust results */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_TAILCALL: case OP_SETTABUP: case OP_SETTABLE:
+ break;
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** some macros for common tasks in `luaV_execute'
+*/
+
+#if !defined luai_runtimecheck
+#define luai_runtimecheck(L, c) /* void */
+#endif
+
+
+#define RA(i) (base+GETARG_A(i))
+/* to be used after possible stack reallocation */
+#define RB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_B(i))
+#define RC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_C(i))
+#define RKB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \
+ ISK(GETARG_B(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_B(i)) : base+GETARG_B(i))
+#define RKC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \
+ ISK(GETARG_C(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_C(i)) : base+GETARG_C(i))
+#define KBx(i) \
+ (k + (GETARG_Bx(i) != 0 ? GETARG_Bx(i) - 1 : GETARG_Ax(*ci->u.l.savedpc++)))
+
+
+/* execute a jump instruction */
+#define dojump(ci,i,e) \
+ { int a = GETARG_A(i); \
+ if (a > 0) luaF_close(L, ci->u.l.base + a - 1); \
+ ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i) + e; }
+
+/* for test instructions, execute the jump instruction that follows it */
+#define donextjump(ci) { i = *ci->u.l.savedpc; dojump(ci, i, 1); }
+
+
+#define Protect(x) { {x;}; base = ci->u.l.base; }
+
+#define checkGC(L,c) \
+ Protect( luaC_condGC(L,{L->top = (c); /* limit of live values */ \
+ luaC_step(L); \
+ L->top = ci->top;}) /* restore top */ \
+ luai_threadyield(L); )
+
+
+#define arith_op(op,tm) { \
+ TValue *rb = RKB(i); \
+ TValue *rc = RKC(i); \
+ if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc)) { \
+ lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb), nc = nvalue(rc); \
+ setnvalue(ra, op(L, nb, nc)); \
+ } \
+ else { Protect(luaV_arith(L, ra, rb, rc, tm)); } }
+
+
+#define vmdispatch(o) switch(o)
+#define vmcase(l,b) case l: {b} break;
+#define vmcasenb(l,b) case l: {b} /* nb = no break */
+
+void luaV_execute (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ LClosure *cl;
+ TValue *k;
+ StkId base;
+ newframe: /* reentry point when frame changes (call/return) */
+ lua_assert(ci == L->ci);
+ cl = clLvalue(ci->func);
+ k = cl->p->k;
+ base = ci->u.l.base;
+ /* main loop of interpreter */
+ for (;;) {
+ Instruction i = *(ci->u.l.savedpc++);
+ StkId ra;
+ if ((L->hookmask & (LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT)) &&
+ (--L->hookcount == 0 || L->hookmask & LUA_MASKLINE)) {
+ Protect(traceexec(L));
+ }
+ /* WARNING: several calls may realloc the stack and invalidate `ra' */
+ ra = RA(i);
+ lua_assert(base == ci->u.l.base);
+ lua_assert(base <= L->top && L->top < L->stack + L->stacksize);
+ vmdispatch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+ vmcase(OP_MOVE,
+ setobjs2s(L, ra, RB(i));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LOADK,
+ TValue *rb = k + GETARG_Bx(i);
+ setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LOADKX,
+ TValue *rb;
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_EXTRAARG);
+ rb = k + GETARG_Ax(*ci->u.l.savedpc++);
+ setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LOADBOOL,
+ setbvalue(ra, GETARG_B(i));
+ if (GETARG_C(i)) ci->u.l.savedpc++; /* skip next instruction (if C) */
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LOADNIL,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ do {
+ setnilvalue(ra++);
+ } while (b--);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_GETUPVAL,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ setobj2s(L, ra, cl->upvals[b]->v);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_GETTABUP,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, cl->upvals[b]->v, RKC(i), ra));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_GETTABLE,
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, RB(i), RKC(i), ra));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SETTABUP,
+ int a = GETARG_A(i);
+ Protect(luaV_settable(L, cl->upvals[a]->v, RKB(i), RKC(i)));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SETUPVAL,
+ UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(i)];
+ setobj(L, uv->v, ra);
+ luaC_barrier(L, uv, ra);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SETTABLE,
+ Protect(luaV_settable(L, ra, RKB(i), RKC(i)));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_NEWTABLE,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ Table *t = luaH_new(L);
+ sethvalue(L, ra, t);
+ if (b != 0 || c != 0)
+ luaH_resize(L, t, luaO_fb2int(b), luaO_fb2int(c));
+ checkGC(L, ra + 1);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SELF,
+ StkId rb = RB(i);
+ setobjs2s(L, ra+1, rb);
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, rb, RKC(i), ra));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_ADD,
+ arith_op(luai_numadd, TM_ADD);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SUB,
+ arith_op(luai_numsub, TM_SUB);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_MUL,
+ arith_op(luai_nummul, TM_MUL);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_DIV,
+ arith_op(luai_numdiv, TM_DIV);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_MOD,
+ arith_op(luai_nummod, TM_MOD);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_POW,
+ arith_op(luai_numpow, TM_POW);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_UNM,
+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ if (ttisnumber(rb)) {
+ lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb);
+ setnvalue(ra, luai_numunm(L, nb));
+ }
+ else {
+ Protect(luaV_arith(L, ra, rb, rb, TM_UNM));
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_NOT,
+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ int res = l_isfalse(rb); /* next assignment may change this value */
+ setbvalue(ra, res);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LEN,
+ Protect(luaV_objlen(L, ra, RB(i)));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_CONCAT,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ StkId rb;
+ L->top = base + c + 1; /* mark the end of concat operands */
+ Protect(luaV_concat(L, c - b + 1));
+ ra = RA(i); /* 'luav_concat' may invoke TMs and move the stack */
+ rb = b + base;
+ setobjs2s(L, ra, rb);
+ checkGC(L, (ra >= rb ? ra + 1 : rb));
+ L->top = ci->top; /* restore top */
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_JMP,
+ dojump(ci, i, 0);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_EQ,
+ TValue *rb = RKB(i);
+ TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+ Protect(
+ if (cast_int(equalobj(L, rb, rc)) != GETARG_A(i))
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++;
+ else
+ donextjump(ci);
+ )
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LT,
+ Protect(
+ if (luaV_lessthan(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) != GETARG_A(i))
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++;
+ else
+ donextjump(ci);
+ )
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LE,
+ Protect(
+ if (luaV_lessequal(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) != GETARG_A(i))
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++;
+ else
+ donextjump(ci);
+ )
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_TEST,
+ if (GETARG_C(i) ? l_isfalse(ra) : !l_isfalse(ra))
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++;
+ else
+ donextjump(ci);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_TESTSET,
+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ if (GETARG_C(i) ? l_isfalse(rb) : !l_isfalse(rb))
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++;
+ else {
+ setobjs2s(L, ra, rb);
+ donextjump(ci);
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_CALL,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int nresults = GETARG_C(i) - 1;
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b; /* else previous instruction set top */
+ if (luaD_precall(L, ra, nresults)) { /* C function? */
+ if (nresults >= 0) L->top = ci->top; /* adjust results */
+ base = ci->u.l.base;
+ }
+ else { /* Lua function */
+ ci = L->ci;
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_REENTRY;
+ goto newframe; /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_TAILCALL,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b; /* else previous instruction set top */
+ lua_assert(GETARG_C(i) - 1 == LUA_MULTRET);
+ if (luaD_precall(L, ra, LUA_MULTRET)) /* C function? */
+ base = ci->u.l.base;
+ else {
+ /* tail call: put called frame (n) in place of caller one (o) */
+ CallInfo *nci = L->ci; /* called frame */
+ CallInfo *oci = nci->previous; /* caller frame */
+ StkId nfunc = nci->func; /* called function */
+ StkId ofunc = oci->func; /* caller function */
+ /* last stack slot filled by 'precall' */
+ StkId lim = nci->u.l.base + getproto(nfunc)->numparams;
+ int aux;
+ /* close all upvalues from previous call */
+ if (cl->p->sizep > 0) luaF_close(L, oci->u.l.base);
+ /* move new frame into old one */
+ for (aux = 0; nfunc + aux < lim; aux++)
+ setobjs2s(L, ofunc + aux, nfunc + aux);
+ oci->u.l.base = ofunc + (nci->u.l.base - nfunc); /* correct base */
+ oci->top = L->top = ofunc + (L->top - nfunc); /* correct top */
+ oci->u.l.savedpc = nci->u.l.savedpc;
+ oci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL; /* function was tail called */
+ ci = L->ci = oci; /* remove new frame */
+ lua_assert(L->top == oci->u.l.base + getproto(ofunc)->maxstacksize);
+ goto newframe; /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
+ }
+ )
+ vmcasenb(OP_RETURN,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b-1;
+ if (cl->p->sizep > 0) luaF_close(L, base);
+ b = luaD_poscall(L, ra);
+ if (!(ci->callstatus & CIST_REENTRY)) /* 'ci' still the called one */
+ return; /* external invocation: return */
+ else { /* invocation via reentry: continue execution */
+ ci = L->ci;
+ if (b) L->top = ci->top;
+ lua_assert(isLua(ci));
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*((ci)->u.l.savedpc - 1)) == OP_CALL);
+ goto newframe; /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_FORLOOP,
+ lua_Number step = nvalue(ra+2);
+ lua_Number idx = luai_numadd(L, nvalue(ra), step); /* increment index */
+ lua_Number limit = nvalue(ra+1);
+ if (luai_numlt(L, 0, step) ? luai_numle(L, idx, limit)
+ : luai_numle(L, limit, idx)) {
+ ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i); /* jump back */
+ setnvalue(ra, idx); /* update internal index... */
+ setnvalue(ra+3, idx); /* ...and external index */
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_FORPREP,
+ const TValue *init = ra;
+ const TValue *plimit = ra+1;
+ const TValue *pstep = ra+2;
+ if (!tonumber(init, ra))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " initial value must be a number");
+ else if (!tonumber(plimit, ra+1))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " limit must be a number");
+ else if (!tonumber(pstep, ra+2))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " step must be a number");
+ setnvalue(ra, luai_numsub(L, nvalue(ra), nvalue(pstep)));
+ ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i);
+ )
+ vmcasenb(OP_TFORCALL,
+ StkId cb = ra + 3; /* call base */
+ setobjs2s(L, cb+2, ra+2);
+ setobjs2s(L, cb+1, ra+1);
+ setobjs2s(L, cb, ra);
+ L->top = cb + 3; /* func. + 2 args (state and index) */
+ Protect(luaD_call(L, cb, GETARG_C(i), 1));
+ L->top = ci->top;
+ i = *(ci->u.l.savedpc++); /* go to next instruction */
+ ra = RA(i);
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TFORLOOP);
+ goto l_tforloop;
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_TFORLOOP,
+ l_tforloop:
+ if (!ttisnil(ra + 1)) { /* continue loop? */
+ setobjs2s(L, ra, ra + 1); /* save control variable */
+ ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i); /* jump back */
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SETLIST,
+ int n = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ int last;
+ Table *h;
+ if (n == 0) n = cast_int(L->top - ra) - 1;
+ if (c == 0) {
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_EXTRAARG);
+ c = GETARG_Ax(*ci->u.l.savedpc++);
+ }
+ luai_runtimecheck(L, ttistable(ra));
+ h = hvalue(ra);
+ last = ((c-1)*LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) + n;
+ if (last > h->sizearray) /* needs more space? */
+ luaH_resizearray(L, h, last); /* pre-allocate it at once */
+ for (; n > 0; n--) {
+ TValue *val = ra+n;
+ luaH_setint(L, h, last--, val);
+ luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(h), val);
+ }
+ L->top = ci->top; /* correct top (in case of previous open call) */
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_CLOSURE,
+ Proto *p = cl->p->p[GETARG_Bx(i)];
+ Closure *ncl = getcached(p, cl->upvals, base); /* cached closure */
+ if (ncl == NULL) /* no match? */
+ pushclosure(L, p, cl->upvals, base, ra); /* create a new one */
+ else
+ setclLvalue(L, ra, ncl); /* push cashed closure */
+ checkGC(L, ra + 1);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_VARARG,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i) - 1;
+ int j;
+ int n = cast_int(base - ci->func) - cl->p->numparams - 1;
+ if (b < 0) { /* B == 0? */
+ b = n; /* get all var. arguments */
+ Protect(luaD_checkstack(L, n));
+ ra = RA(i); /* previous call may change the stack */
+ L->top = ra + n;
+ }
+ for (j = 0; j < b; j++) {
+ if (j < n) {
+ setobjs2s(L, ra + j, base - n + j);
+ }
+ else {
+ setnilvalue(ra + j);
+ }
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_EXTRAARG,
+ lua_assert(0);
+ )
+ }
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.h,v 2.18.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lvm_h
+#define lvm_h
+
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#define tostring(L,o) (ttisstring(o) || (luaV_tostring(L, o)))
+
+#define tonumber(o,n) (ttisnumber(o) || (((o) = luaV_tonumber(o,n)) != NULL))
+
+#define equalobj(L,o1,o2) (ttisequal(o1, o2) && luaV_equalobj_(L, o1, o2))
+
+#define luaV_rawequalobj(o1,o2) equalobj(NULL,o1,o2)
+
+
+/* not to called directly */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_equalobj_ (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2);
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+ StkId val);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+ StkId val);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_execute (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_arith (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb,
+ const TValue *rc, TMS op);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_objlen (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.c,v 1.35.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Buffered streams
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lzio_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z) {
+ size_t size;
+ lua_State *L = z->L;
+ const char *buff;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ buff = z->reader(L, z->data, &size);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (buff == NULL || size == 0)
+ return EOZ;
+ z->n = size - 1; /* discount char being returned */
+ z->p = buff;
+ return cast_uchar(*(z->p++));
+}
+
+
+void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, void *data) {
+ z->L = L;
+ z->reader = reader;
+ z->data = data;
+ z->n = 0;
+ z->p = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------- read --- */
+size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) {
+ while (n) {
+ size_t m;
+ if (z->n == 0) { /* no bytes in buffer? */
+ if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ) /* try to read more */
+ return n; /* no more input; return number of missing bytes */
+ else {
+ z->n++; /* luaZ_fill consumed first byte; put it back */
+ z->p--;
+ }
+ }
+ m = (n <= z->n) ? n : z->n; /* min. between n and z->n */
+ memcpy(b, z->p, m);
+ z->n -= m;
+ z->p += m;
+ b = (char *)b + m;
+ n -= m;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n) {
+ if (n > buff->buffsize) {
+ if (n < LUA_MINBUFFER) n = LUA_MINBUFFER;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, n);
+ }
+ return buff->buffer;
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.h,v 1.26.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $
+** Buffered streams
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lzio_h
+#define lzio_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lmem.h"
+
+
+#define EOZ (-1) /* end of stream */
+
+typedef struct Zio ZIO;
+
+#define zgetc(z) (((z)->n--)>0 ? cast_uchar(*(z)->p++) : luaZ_fill(z))
+
+
+typedef struct Mbuffer {
+ char *buffer;
+ size_t n;
+ size_t buffsize;
+} Mbuffer;
+
+#define luaZ_initbuffer(L, buff) ((buff)->buffer = NULL, (buff)->buffsize = 0)
+
+#define luaZ_buffer(buff) ((buff)->buffer)
+#define luaZ_sizebuffer(buff) ((buff)->buffsize)
+#define luaZ_bufflen(buff) ((buff)->n)
+
+#define luaZ_resetbuffer(buff) ((buff)->n = 0)
+
+
+#define luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, size) \
+ (luaM_reallocvector(L, (buff)->buffer, (buff)->buffsize, size, char), \
+ (buff)->buffsize = size)
+
+#define luaZ_freebuffer(L, buff) luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, 0)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader,
+ void *data);
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaZ_read (ZIO* z, void* b, size_t n); /* read next n bytes */
+
+
+
+/* --------- Private Part ------------------ */
+
+struct Zio {
+ size_t n; /* bytes still unread */
+ const char *p; /* current position in buffer */
+ lua_Reader reader; /* reader function */
+ void* data; /* additional data */
+ lua_State *L; /* Lua state (for reader) */
+};
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z);
+
+#endif
See the PythonReadMe.txt file, in the Python directory,\r
for information on configuring and building Python.\r
\r
+ Lua A port of the Lua-5.2.3 interpreter for UEFI. This\r
+ application is disabled by default. Un-comment the line for\r
+ LuaLib.inf in the [LibraryClasses] section and Lua.inf in the \r
+ [Components] section of AppPkg.dsc to enable building Lua.\r
+\r
OrderedCollectionTest A small Standard C Library application that\r
demonstrates the use of the OrderedCollectionLib library class\r
(provided by the BaseOrderedCollectionRedBlackTreeLib library\r
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: lauxlib.h,v 1.120.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#ifndef lauxlib_h\r
+#define lauxlib_h\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <stddef.h>\r
+#include <stdio.h>\r
+\r
+#include <Lua/lua.h>\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/* extra error code for `luaL_load' */\r
+#define LUA_ERRFILE (LUA_ERRERR+1)\r
+\r
+\r
+typedef struct luaL_Reg {\r
+ const char *name;\r
+ lua_CFunction func;\r
+} luaL_Reg;\r
+\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkversion_) (lua_State *L, lua_Number ver);\r
+#define luaL_checkversion(L) luaL_checkversion_(L, LUA_VERSION_NUM)\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getmetafield) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_callmeta) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);\r
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_argerror) (lua_State *L, int numarg, const char *extramsg);\r
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_checklstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg,\r
+ size_t *l);\r
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_optlstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg,\r
+ const char *def, size_t *l);\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_checknumber) (lua_State *L, int numArg);\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_optnumber) (lua_State *L, int nArg, lua_Number def);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_checkinteger) (lua_State *L, int numArg);\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_optinteger) (lua_State *L, int nArg,\r
+ lua_Integer def);\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Unsigned (luaL_checkunsigned) (lua_State *L, int numArg);\r
+LUALIB_API lua_Unsigned (luaL_optunsigned) (lua_State *L, int numArg,\r
+ lua_Unsigned def);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checktype) (lua_State *L, int narg, int t);\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkany) (lua_State *L, int narg);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_newmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);\r
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_testudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);\r
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_checkudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_where) (lua_State *L, int lvl);\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_error) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_checkoption) (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def,\r
+ const char *const lst[]);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_fileresult) (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_execresult) (lua_State *L, int stat);\r
+\r
+/* pre-defined references */\r
+#define LUA_NOREF (-2)\r
+#define LUA_REFNIL (-1)\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_ref) (lua_State *L, int t);\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_unref) (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadfilex) (lua_State *L, const char *filename,\r
+ const char *mode);\r
+\r
+#define luaL_loadfile(L,f) luaL_loadfilex(L,f,NULL)\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadbufferx) (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t sz,\r
+ const char *name, const char *mode);\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_len) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_gsub) (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p,\r
+ const char *r);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_setfuncs) (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getsubtable) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_traceback) (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,\r
+ const char *msg, int level);\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_requiref) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,\r
+ lua_CFunction openf, int glb);\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** ===============================================================\r
+** some useful macros\r
+** ===============================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#define luaL_newlibtable(L,l) \\r
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, sizeof(l)/sizeof((l)[0]) - 1)\r
+\r
+#define luaL_newlib(L,l) (luaL_newlibtable(L,l), luaL_setfuncs(L,l,0))\r
+\r
+#define luaL_argcheck(L, cond,numarg,extramsg) \\r
+ ((void)((cond) || luaL_argerror(L, (numarg), (extramsg))))\r
+#define luaL_checkstring(L,n) (luaL_checklstring(L, (n), NULL))\r
+#define luaL_optstring(L,n,d) (luaL_optlstring(L, (n), (d), NULL))\r
+#define luaL_checkint(L,n) ((int)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))\r
+#define luaL_optint(L,n,d) ((int)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))\r
+#define luaL_checklong(L,n) ((long)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))\r
+#define luaL_optlong(L,n,d) ((long)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))\r
+\r
+#define luaL_typename(L,i) lua_typename(L, lua_type(L,(i)))\r
+\r
+#define luaL_dofile(L, fn) \\r
+ (luaL_loadfile(L, fn) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))\r
+\r
+#define luaL_dostring(L, s) \\r
+ (luaL_loadstring(L, s) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))\r
+\r
+#define luaL_getmetatable(L,n) (lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (n)))\r
+\r
+#define luaL_opt(L,f,n,d) (lua_isnoneornil(L,(n)) ? (d) : f(L,(n)))\r
+\r
+#define luaL_loadbuffer(L,s,sz,n) luaL_loadbufferx(L,s,sz,n,NULL)\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** Generic Buffer manipulation\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+typedef struct luaL_Buffer {\r
+ char *b; /* buffer address */\r
+ size_t size; /* buffer size */\r
+ size_t n; /* number of characters in buffer */\r
+ lua_State *L;\r
+ char initb[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE]; /* initial buffer */\r
+} luaL_Buffer;\r
+\r
+\r
+#define luaL_addchar(B,c) \\r
+ ((void)((B)->n < (B)->size || luaL_prepbuffsize((B), 1)), \\r
+ ((B)->b[(B)->n++] = (c)))\r
+\r
+#define luaL_addsize(B,s) ((B)->n += (s))\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_buffinit) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);\r
+LUALIB_API char *(luaL_prepbuffsize) (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addlstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addvalue) (luaL_Buffer *B);\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresult) (luaL_Buffer *B);\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresultsize) (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);\r
+LUALIB_API char *(luaL_buffinitsize) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);\r
+\r
+#define luaL_prepbuffer(B) luaL_prepbuffsize(B, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE)\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================\r
+** File handles for IO library\r
+** =======================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** A file handle is a userdata with metatable 'LUA_FILEHANDLE' and\r
+** initial structure 'luaL_Stream' (it may contain other fields\r
+** after that initial structure).\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#define LUA_FILEHANDLE "FILE*"\r
+\r
+\r
+typedef struct luaL_Stream {\r
+ FILE *f; /* stream (NULL for incompletely created streams) */\r
+ lua_CFunction closef; /* to close stream (NULL for closed streams) */\r
+} luaL_Stream;\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/* compatibility with old module system */\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)\r
+\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushmodule) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,\r
+ int sizehint);\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlib) (lua_State *L, const char *libname,\r
+ const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);\r
+\r
+#define luaL_register(L,n,l) (luaL_openlib(L,(n),(l),0))\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: lua.h,v 1.285.1.2 2013/11/11 12:09:16 roberto Exp $\r
+** Lua - A Scripting Language\r
+** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (http://www.lua.org)\r
+** See Copyright Notice at the end of this file\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#ifndef lua_h\r
+#define lua_h\r
+\r
+#include <stdarg.h>\r
+#include <stddef.h>\r
+\r
+\r
+#include <Lua/luaconf.h>\r
+\r
+\r
+#define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "5"\r
+#define LUA_VERSION_MINOR "2"\r
+#define LUA_VERSION_NUM 502\r
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE "3"\r
+\r
+#define LUA_VERSION "Lua " LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR\r
+#define LUA_RELEASE LUA_VERSION "." LUA_VERSION_RELEASE\r
+#define LUA_COPYRIGHT LUA_RELEASE " Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"\r
+#define LUA_AUTHORS "R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes"\r
+\r
+\r
+/* mark for precompiled code ('<esc>Lua') */\r
+#define LUA_SIGNATURE "\033Lua"\r
+\r
+/* option for multiple returns in 'lua_pcall' and 'lua_call' */\r
+#define LUA_MULTRET (-1)\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** pseudo-indices\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX LUAI_FIRSTPSEUDOIDX\r
+#define lua_upvalueindex(i) (LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - (i))\r
+\r
+\r
+/* thread status */\r
+#define LUA_OK 0\r
+#define LUA_YIELD 1\r
+#define LUA_ERRRUN 2\r
+#define LUA_ERRSYNTAX 3\r
+#define LUA_ERRMEM 4\r
+#define LUA_ERRGCMM 5\r
+#define LUA_ERRERR 6\r
+\r
+\r
+typedef struct lua_State lua_State;\r
+\r
+typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** functions that read/write blocks when loading/dumping Lua chunks\r
+*/\r
+typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *sz);\r
+\r
+typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L, const void* p, size_t sz, void* ud);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** prototype for memory-allocation functions\r
+*/\r
+typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** basic types\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_TNONE (-1)\r
+\r
+#define LUA_TNIL 0\r
+#define LUA_TBOOLEAN 1\r
+#define LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA 2\r
+#define LUA_TNUMBER 3\r
+#define LUA_TSTRING 4\r
+#define LUA_TTABLE 5\r
+#define LUA_TFUNCTION 6\r
+#define LUA_TUSERDATA 7\r
+#define LUA_TTHREAD 8\r
+\r
+#define LUA_NUMTAGS 9\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/* minimum Lua stack available to a C function */\r
+#define LUA_MINSTACK 20\r
+\r
+\r
+/* predefined values in the registry */\r
+#define LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD 1\r
+#define LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS 2\r
+#define LUA_RIDX_LAST LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS\r
+\r
+\r
+/* type of numbers in Lua */\r
+typedef LUA_NUMBER lua_Number;\r
+\r
+\r
+/* type for integer functions */\r
+typedef LUA_INTEGER lua_Integer;\r
+\r
+/* unsigned integer type */\r
+typedef LUA_UNSIGNED lua_Unsigned;\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** generic extra include file\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(LUA_USER_H)\r
+#include LUA_USER_H\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** RCS ident string\r
+*/\r
+extern const char lua_ident[];\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** state manipulation\r
+*/\r
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_close) (lua_State *L);\r
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newthread) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_atpanic) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);\r
+\r
+\r
+LUA_API const lua_Number *(lua_version) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** basic stack manipulation\r
+*/\r
+LUA_API int (lua_absindex) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_gettop) (lua_State *L);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_settop) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_pushvalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_remove) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_insert) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_replace) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_copy) (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz);\r
+\r
+LUA_API void (lua_xmove) (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** access functions (stack -> C)\r
+*/\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_isnumber) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_isstring) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_iscfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_isuserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_type) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API const char *(lua_typename) (lua_State *L, int tp);\r
+\r
+LUA_API lua_Number (lua_tonumberx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);\r
+LUA_API lua_Integer (lua_tointegerx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);\r
+LUA_API lua_Unsigned (lua_tounsignedx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_toboolean) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API const char *(lua_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);\r
+LUA_API size_t (lua_rawlen) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_tocfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API void *(lua_touserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_tothread) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API const void *(lua_topointer) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Comparison and arithmetic functions\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#define LUA_OPADD 0 /* ORDER TM */\r
+#define LUA_OPSUB 1\r
+#define LUA_OPMUL 2\r
+#define LUA_OPDIV 3\r
+#define LUA_OPMOD 4\r
+#define LUA_OPPOW 5\r
+#define LUA_OPUNM 6\r
+\r
+LUA_API void (lua_arith) (lua_State *L, int op);\r
+\r
+#define LUA_OPEQ 0\r
+#define LUA_OPLT 1\r
+#define LUA_OPLE 2\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_rawequal) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_compare) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2, int op);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** push functions (C -> stack)\r
+*/\r
+LUA_API void (lua_pushnil) (lua_State *L);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_pushnumber) (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_pushinteger) (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_pushunsigned) (lua_State *L, lua_Unsigned n);\r
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushlstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t l);\r
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);\r
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushvfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,\r
+ va_list argp);\r
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_pushcclosure) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_pushboolean) (lua_State *L, int b);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_pushlightuserdata) (lua_State *L, void *p);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_pushthread) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)\r
+*/\r
+LUA_API void (lua_getglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *var);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_gettable) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_getfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_rawget) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_rawgeti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_rawgetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_createtable) (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);\r
+LUA_API void *(lua_newuserdata) (lua_State *L, size_t sz);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_getmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_getuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)\r
+*/\r
+LUA_API void (lua_setglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *var);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_settable) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_setfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_rawset) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_rawseti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_rawsetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_setuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** 'load' and 'call' functions (load and run Lua code)\r
+*/\r
+LUA_API void (lua_callk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int ctx,\r
+ lua_CFunction k);\r
+#define lua_call(L,n,r) lua_callk(L, (n), (r), 0, NULL)\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_getctx) (lua_State *L, int *ctx);\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_pcallk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,\r
+ int ctx, lua_CFunction k);\r
+#define lua_pcall(L,n,r,f) lua_pcallk(L, (n), (r), (f), 0, NULL)\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_load) (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *dt,\r
+ const char *chunkname,\r
+ const char *mode);\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_dump) (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** coroutine functions\r
+*/\r
+LUA_API int (lua_yieldk) (lua_State *L, int nresults, int ctx,\r
+ lua_CFunction k);\r
+#define lua_yield(L,n) lua_yieldk(L, (n), 0, NULL)\r
+LUA_API int (lua_resume) (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int narg);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_status) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** garbage-collection function and options\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#define LUA_GCSTOP 0\r
+#define LUA_GCRESTART 1\r
+#define LUA_GCCOLLECT 2\r
+#define LUA_GCCOUNT 3\r
+#define LUA_GCCOUNTB 4\r
+#define LUA_GCSTEP 5\r
+#define LUA_GCSETPAUSE 6\r
+#define LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL 7\r
+#define LUA_GCSETMAJORINC 8\r
+#define LUA_GCISRUNNING 9\r
+#define LUA_GCGEN 10\r
+#define LUA_GCINC 11\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_gc) (lua_State *L, int what, int data);\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** miscellaneous functions\r
+*/\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_error) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_next) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+\r
+LUA_API void (lua_concat) (lua_State *L, int n);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_len) (lua_State *L, int idx);\r
+\r
+LUA_API lua_Alloc (lua_getallocf) (lua_State *L, void **ud);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_setallocf) (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** ===============================================================\r
+** some useful macros\r
+** ===============================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#define lua_tonumber(L,i) lua_tonumberx(L,i,NULL)\r
+#define lua_tointeger(L,i) lua_tointegerx(L,i,NULL)\r
+#define lua_tounsigned(L,i) lua_tounsignedx(L,i,NULL)\r
+\r
+#define lua_pop(L,n) lua_settop(L, -(n)-1)\r
+\r
+#define lua_newtable(L) lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)\r
+\r
+#define lua_register(L,n,f) (lua_pushcfunction(L, (f)), lua_setglobal(L, (n)))\r
+\r
+#define lua_pushcfunction(L,f) lua_pushcclosure(L, (f), 0)\r
+\r
+#define lua_isfunction(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TFUNCTION)\r
+#define lua_istable(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTABLE)\r
+#define lua_islightuserdata(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)\r
+#define lua_isnil(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNIL)\r
+#define lua_isboolean(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TBOOLEAN)\r
+#define lua_isthread(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTHREAD)\r
+#define lua_isnone(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNONE)\r
+#define lua_isnoneornil(L, n) (lua_type(L, (n)) <= 0)\r
+\r
+#define lua_pushliteral(L, s) \\r
+ lua_pushlstring(L, "" s, (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1)\r
+\r
+#define lua_pushglobaltable(L) \\r
+ lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS)\r
+\r
+#define lua_tostring(L,i) lua_tolstring(L, (i), NULL)\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {======================================================================\r
+** Debug API\r
+** =======================================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Event codes\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_HOOKCALL 0\r
+#define LUA_HOOKRET 1\r
+#define LUA_HOOKLINE 2\r
+#define LUA_HOOKCOUNT 3\r
+#define LUA_HOOKTAILCALL 4\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Event masks\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_MASKCALL (1 << LUA_HOOKCALL)\r
+#define LUA_MASKRET (1 << LUA_HOOKRET)\r
+#define LUA_MASKLINE (1 << LUA_HOOKLINE)\r
+#define LUA_MASKCOUNT (1 << LUA_HOOKCOUNT)\r
+\r
+typedef struct lua_Debug lua_Debug; /* activation record */\r
+\r
+\r
+/* Functions to be called by the debugger in specific events */\r
+typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);\r
+\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_getstack) (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_getinfo) (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);\r
+LUA_API const char *(lua_getlocal) (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);\r
+LUA_API const char *(lua_setlocal) (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);\r
+LUA_API const char *(lua_getupvalue) (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);\r
+LUA_API const char *(lua_setupvalue) (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);\r
+\r
+LUA_API void *(lua_upvalueid) (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n);\r
+LUA_API void (lua_upvaluejoin) (lua_State *L, int fidx1, int n1,\r
+ int fidx2, int n2);\r
+\r
+LUA_API int (lua_sethook) (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count);\r
+LUA_API lua_Hook (lua_gethook) (lua_State *L);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_gethookmask) (lua_State *L);\r
+LUA_API int (lua_gethookcount) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+\r
+struct lua_Debug {\r
+ int event;\r
+ const char *name; /* (n) */\r
+ const char *namewhat; /* (n) 'global', 'local', 'field', 'method' */\r
+ const char *what; /* (S) 'Lua', 'C', 'main', 'tail' */\r
+ const char *source; /* (S) */\r
+ int currentline; /* (l) */\r
+ int linedefined; /* (S) */\r
+ int lastlinedefined; /* (S) */\r
+ unsigned char nups; /* (u) number of upvalues */\r
+ unsigned char nparams;/* (u) number of parameters */\r
+ char isvararg; /* (u) */\r
+ char istailcall; /* (t) */\r
+ char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */\r
+ /* private part */\r
+ struct CallInfo *i_ci; /* active function */\r
+};\r
+\r
+/* }====================================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+/******************************************************************************\r
+* Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.\r
+*\r
+* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\r
+* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\r
+* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\r
+* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\r
+* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\r
+* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\r
+* the following conditions:\r
+*\r
+* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be\r
+* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\r
+*\r
+* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\r
+* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\r
+* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.\r
+* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY\r
+* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,\r
+* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE\r
+* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.\r
+******************************************************************************/\r
+\r
+\r
+#endif\r
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: luaconf.h,v 1.176.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Configuration file for Lua\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#ifndef lconfig_h\r
+#define lconfig_h\r
+\r
+#include <limits.h>\r
+#include <stddef.h>\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** ==================================================================\r
+** Search for "@@" to find all configurable definitions.\r
+** ===================================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#if defined(_DOS_WATCOM) || defined(UEFI_C_SOURCE)\r
+#undef _WIN32\r
+#define LUA_ANSI\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_ANSI controls the use of non-ansi features.\r
+** CHANGE it (define it) if you want Lua to avoid the use of any\r
+** non-ansi feature or library.\r
+*/\r
+#if !defined(LUA_ANSI) && defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)\r
+#define LUA_ANSI\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+#if !defined(LUA_ANSI) && defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)\r
+#define LUA_WIN /* enable goodies for regular Windows platforms */\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_WIN)\r
+#define LUA_DL_DLL\r
+#define LUA_USE_AFORMAT /* assume 'printf' handles 'aA' specifiers */\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_LINUX)\r
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX\r
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN /* needs an extra library: -ldl */\r
+#define LUA_USE_READLINE /* needs some extra libraries */\r
+#define LUA_USE_STRTODHEX /* assume 'strtod' handles hex formats */\r
+#define LUA_USE_AFORMAT /* assume 'printf' handles 'aA' specifiers */\r
+#define LUA_USE_LONGLONG /* assume support for long long */\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_MACOSX)\r
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX\r
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN /* does not need -ldl */\r
+#define LUA_USE_READLINE /* needs an extra library: -lreadline */\r
+#define LUA_USE_STRTODHEX /* assume 'strtod' handles hex formats */\r
+#define LUA_USE_AFORMAT /* assume 'printf' handles 'aA' specifiers */\r
+#define LUA_USE_LONGLONG /* assume support for long long */\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_USE_POSIX includes all functionality listed as X/Open System\r
+@* Interfaces Extension (XSI).\r
+** CHANGE it (define it) if your system is XSI compatible.\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)\r
+#define LUA_USE_MKSTEMP\r
+#define LUA_USE_ISATTY\r
+#define LUA_USE_POPEN\r
+#define LUA_USE_ULONGJMP\r
+#define LUA_USE_GMTIME_R\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_PATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for\r
+@* Lua libraries.\r
+@@ LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for\r
+@* C libraries.\r
+** CHANGE them if your machine has a non-conventional directory\r
+** hierarchy or if you want to install your libraries in\r
+** non-conventional directories.\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(_WIN32) /* { */\r
+/*\r
+** In Windows, any exclamation mark ('!') in the path is replaced by the\r
+** path of the directory of the executable file of the current process.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_LDIR "!\\lua\\"\r
+#define LUA_CDIR "!\\"\r
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT \\r
+ LUA_LDIR"?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?\\init.lua;" \\r
+ LUA_CDIR"?.lua;" LUA_CDIR"?\\init.lua;" ".\\?.lua"\r
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \\r
+ LUA_CDIR"?.dll;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.dll;" ".\\?.dll"\r
+\r
+#else /* }{ */\r
+\r
+#define LUA_VDIR LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR "/"\r
+#define LUA_ROOT "/usr/local/"\r
+#define LUA_LDIR LUA_ROOT "share/lua/" LUA_VDIR\r
+#define LUA_CDIR LUA_ROOT "lib/lua/" LUA_VDIR\r
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT \\r
+ LUA_LDIR"?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?/init.lua;" \\r
+ LUA_CDIR"?.lua;" LUA_CDIR"?/init.lua;" "./?.lua"\r
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \\r
+ LUA_CDIR"?.so;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.so;" "./?.so"\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_DIRSEP is the directory separator (for submodules).\r
+** CHANGE it if your machine does not use "/" as the directory separator\r
+** and is not Windows. (On Windows Lua automatically uses "\".)\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined (_DOS_WATCOM) || defined(_EFI)\r
+#define LUA_DIRSEP "\\"\r
+#else\r
+#define LUA_DIRSEP "/"\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_ENV is the name of the variable that holds the current\r
+@@ environment, used to access global names.\r
+** CHANGE it if you do not like this name.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_ENV "_ENV"\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_API is a mark for all core API functions.\r
+@@ LUALIB_API is a mark for all auxiliary library functions.\r
+@@ LUAMOD_API is a mark for all standard library opening functions.\r
+** CHANGE them if you need to define those functions in some special way.\r
+** For instance, if you want to create one Windows DLL with the core and\r
+** the libraries, you may want to use the following definition (define\r
+** LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL to get it).\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL) /* { */\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_CORE) || defined(LUA_LIB) /* { */\r
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllexport)\r
+#else /* }{ */\r
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllimport)\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+#else /* }{ */\r
+\r
+#define LUA_API extern\r
+\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+\r
+/* more often than not the libs go together with the core */\r
+#define LUALIB_API LUA_API\r
+#define LUAMOD_API LUALIB_API\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUAI_FUNC is a mark for all extern functions that are not to be\r
+@* exported to outside modules.\r
+@@ LUAI_DDEF and LUAI_DDEC are marks for all extern (const) variables\r
+@* that are not to be exported to outside modules (LUAI_DDEF for\r
+@* definitions and LUAI_DDEC for declarations).\r
+** CHANGE them if you need to mark them in some special way. Elf/gcc\r
+** (versions 3.2 and later) mark them as "hidden" to optimize access\r
+** when Lua is compiled as a shared library. Not all elf targets support\r
+** this attribute. Unfortunately, gcc does not offer a way to check\r
+** whether the target offers that support, and those without support\r
+** give a warning about it. To avoid these warnings, change to the\r
+** default definition.\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__*100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 302) && \\r
+ defined(__ELF__) /* { */\r
+#define LUAI_FUNC __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) extern\r
+#define LUAI_DDEC LUAI_FUNC\r
+#define LUAI_DDEF /* empty */\r
+\r
+#else /* }{ */\r
+#define LUAI_FUNC extern\r
+#define LUAI_DDEC extern\r
+#define LUAI_DDEF /* empty */\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_QL describes how error messages quote program elements.\r
+** CHANGE it if you want a different appearance.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_QL(x) "'" x "'"\r
+#define LUA_QS LUA_QL("%s")\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_IDSIZE gives the maximum size for the description of the source\r
+@* of a function in debug information.\r
+** CHANGE it if you want a different size.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_IDSIZE 60\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ luai_writestring/luai_writeline define how 'print' prints its results.\r
+** They are only used in libraries and the stand-alone program. (The #if\r
+** avoids including 'stdio.h' everywhere.)\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(LUA_LIB) || defined(lua_c)\r
+#include <stdio.h>\r
+#define luai_writestring(s,l) fwrite((s), sizeof(char), (l), stdout)\r
+#define luai_writeline() (luai_writestring("\n", 1), fflush(stdout))\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ luai_writestringerror defines how to print error messages.\r
+** (A format string with one argument is enough for Lua...)\r
+*/\r
+#define luai_writestringerror(s,p) \\r
+ (fprintf(stderr, (s), (p)), fflush(stderr))\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN is the maximum length for short strings, that is,\r
+** strings that are internalized. (Cannot be smaller than reserved words\r
+** or tags for metamethods, as these strings must be internalized;\r
+** #("function") = 8, #("__newindex") = 10.)\r
+*/\r
+#define LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN 40\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {==================================================================\r
+** Compatibility with previous versions\r
+** ===================================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_ALL controls all compatibility options.\r
+** You can define it to get all options, or change specific options\r
+** to fit your specific needs.\r
+*/\r
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_ALL) /* { */\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_UNPACK controls the presence of global 'unpack'.\r
+** You can replace it with 'table.unpack'.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_COMPAT_UNPACK\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LOADERS controls the presence of table 'package.loaders'.\r
+** You can replace it with 'package.searchers'.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_COMPAT_LOADERS\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ macro 'lua_cpcall' emulates deprecated function lua_cpcall.\r
+** You can call your C function directly (with light C functions).\r
+*/\r
+#define lua_cpcall(L,f,u) \\r
+ (lua_pushcfunction(L, (f)), \\r
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L,(u)), \\r
+ lua_pcall(L,1,0,0))\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LOG10 defines the function 'log10' in the math library.\r
+** You can rewrite 'log10(x)' as 'log(x, 10)'.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_COMPAT_LOG10\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LOADSTRING defines the function 'loadstring' in the base\r
+** library. You can rewrite 'loadstring(s)' as 'load(s)'.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_COMPAT_LOADSTRING\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_MAXN defines the function 'maxn' in the table library.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_COMPAT_MAXN\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ The following macros supply trivial compatibility for some\r
+** changes in the API. The macros themselves document how to\r
+** change your code to avoid using them.\r
+*/\r
+#define lua_strlen(L,i) lua_rawlen(L, (i))\r
+\r
+#define lua_objlen(L,i) lua_rawlen(L, (i))\r
+\r
+#define lua_equal(L,idx1,idx2) lua_compare(L,(idx1),(idx2),LUA_OPEQ)\r
+#define lua_lessthan(L,idx1,idx2) lua_compare(L,(idx1),(idx2),LUA_OPLT)\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_MODULE controls compatibility with previous\r
+** module functions 'module' (Lua) and 'luaL_register' (C).\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_COMPAT_MODULE\r
+\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+/* }================================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUAI_BITSINT defines the number of bits in an int.\r
+** CHANGE here if Lua cannot automatically detect the number of bits of\r
+** your machine. Probably you do not need to change this.\r
+*/\r
+/* avoid overflows in comparison */\r
+#if INT_MAX-20 < 32760 /* { */\r
+#define LUAI_BITSINT 16\r
+#elif INT_MAX > 2147483640L /* }{ */\r
+/* int has at least 32 bits */\r
+#define LUAI_BITSINT 32\r
+#else /* }{ */\r
+#error "you must define LUA_BITSINT with number of bits in an integer"\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_INT32 is an signed integer with exactly 32 bits.\r
+@@ LUAI_UMEM is an unsigned integer big enough to count the total\r
+@* memory used by Lua.\r
+@@ LUAI_MEM is a signed integer big enough to count the total memory\r
+@* used by Lua.\r
+** CHANGE here if for some weird reason the default definitions are not\r
+** good enough for your machine. Probably you do not need to change\r
+** this.\r
+*/\r
+#if LUAI_BITSINT >= 32 /* { */\r
+#define LUA_INT32 int\r
+#define LUAI_UMEM size_t\r
+#define LUAI_MEM ptrdiff_t\r
+#else /* }{ */\r
+/* 16-bit ints */\r
+#define LUA_INT32 long\r
+#define LUAI_UMEM unsigned long\r
+#define LUAI_MEM long\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUAI_MAXSTACK limits the size of the Lua stack.\r
+** CHANGE it if you need a different limit. This limit is arbitrary;\r
+** its only purpose is to stop Lua to consume unlimited stack\r
+** space (and to reserve some numbers for pseudo-indices).\r
+*/\r
+#if LUAI_BITSINT >= 32\r
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK 1000000\r
+#else\r
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK 15000\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+/* reserve some space for error handling */\r
+#define LUAI_FIRSTPSEUDOIDX (-LUAI_MAXSTACK - 1000)\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUAL_BUFFERSIZE is the buffer size used by the lauxlib buffer system.\r
+** CHANGE it if it uses too much C-stack space.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUAL_BUFFERSIZE BUFSIZ\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** {==================================================================\r
+@@ LUA_NUMBER is the type of numbers in Lua.\r
+** CHANGE the following definitions only if you want to build Lua\r
+** with a number type different from double. You may also need to\r
+** change lua_number2int & lua_number2integer.\r
+** ===================================================================\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#define LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE\r
+#define LUA_NUMBER double\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUAI_UACNUMBER is the result of an 'usual argument conversion'\r
+@* over a number.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUAI_UACNUMBER double\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_SCAN is the format for reading numbers.\r
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_FMT is the format for writing numbers.\r
+@@ lua_number2str converts a number to a string.\r
+@@ LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR is maximum size of previous conversion.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_NUMBER_SCAN "%lf"\r
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT "%.14g"\r
+#define lua_number2str(s,n) sprintf((s), LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (n))\r
+#define LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR 32 /* 16 digits, sign, point, and \0 */\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ l_mathop allows the addition of an 'l' or 'f' to all math operations\r
+*/\r
+#define l_mathop(x) (x)\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ lua_str2number converts a decimal numeric string to a number.\r
+@@ lua_strx2number converts an hexadecimal numeric string to a number.\r
+** In C99, 'strtod' does both conversions. C89, however, has no function\r
+** to convert floating hexadecimal strings to numbers. For these\r
+** systems, you can leave 'lua_strx2number' undefined and Lua will\r
+** provide its own implementation.\r
+*/\r
+#define lua_str2number(s,p) strtod((s), (p))\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_USE_STRTODHEX)\r
+#define lua_strx2number(s,p) strtod((s), (p))\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ The luai_num* macros define the primitive operations over numbers.\r
+*/\r
+\r
+/* the following operations need the math library */\r
+#if defined(lobject_c) || defined(lvm_c)\r
+#include <math.h>\r
+#define luai_nummod(L,a,b) ((a) - l_mathop(floor)((a)/(b))*(b))\r
+#define luai_numpow(L,a,b) (l_mathop(pow)(a,b))\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+/* these are quite standard operations */\r
+#if defined(LUA_CORE)\r
+#define luai_numadd(L,a,b) ((a)+(b))\r
+#define luai_numsub(L,a,b) ((a)-(b))\r
+#define luai_nummul(L,a,b) ((a)*(b))\r
+#define luai_numdiv(L,a,b) ((a)/(b))\r
+#define luai_numunm(L,a) (-(a))\r
+#define luai_numeq(a,b) ((a)==(b))\r
+#define luai_numlt(L,a,b) ((a)<(b))\r
+#define luai_numle(L,a,b) ((a)<=(b))\r
+#define luai_numisnan(L,a) (!luai_numeq((a), (a)))\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_INTEGER is the integral type used by lua_pushinteger/lua_tointeger.\r
+** CHANGE that if ptrdiff_t is not adequate on your machine. (On most\r
+** machines, ptrdiff_t gives a good choice between int or long.)\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_INTEGER ptrdiff_t\r
+\r
+/*\r
+@@ LUA_UNSIGNED is the integral type used by lua_pushunsigned/lua_tounsigned.\r
+** It must have at least 32 bits.\r
+*/\r
+#define LUA_UNSIGNED unsigned LUA_INT32\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Some tricks with doubles\r
+*/\r
+\r
+#if defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE) && !defined(LUA_ANSI) /* { */\r
+/*\r
+** The next definitions activate some tricks to speed up the\r
+** conversion from doubles to integer types, mainly to LUA_UNSIGNED.\r
+**\r
+@@ LUA_MSASMTRICK uses Microsoft assembler to avoid clashes with a\r
+** DirectX idiosyncrasy.\r
+**\r
+@@ LUA_IEEE754TRICK uses a trick that should work on any machine\r
+** using IEEE754 with a 32-bit integer type.\r
+**\r
+@@ LUA_IEEELL extends the trick to LUA_INTEGER; should only be\r
+** defined when LUA_INTEGER is a 32-bit integer.\r
+**\r
+@@ LUA_IEEEENDIAN is the endianness of doubles in your machine\r
+** (0 for little endian, 1 for big endian); if not defined, Lua will\r
+** check it dynamically for LUA_IEEE754TRICK (but not for LUA_NANTRICK).\r
+**\r
+@@ LUA_NANTRICK controls the use of a trick to pack all types into\r
+** a single double value, using NaN values to represent non-number\r
+** values. The trick only works on 32-bit machines (ints and pointers\r
+** are 32-bit values) with numbers represented as IEEE 754-2008 doubles\r
+** with conventional endianess (12345678 or 87654321), in CPUs that do\r
+** not produce signaling NaN values (all NaNs are quiet).\r
+*/\r
+\r
+/* Microsoft compiler on a Pentium (32 bit) ? */\r
+#if defined(LUA_WIN) && defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_IX86) /* { */\r
+\r
+#define LUA_MSASMTRICK\r
+#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN 0\r
+#define LUA_NANTRICK\r
+\r
+\r
+/* pentium 32 bits? */\r
+#elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__i386) || defined(__X86__) /* }{ */\r
+\r
+#define LUA_IEEE754TRICK\r
+#define LUA_IEEELL\r
+#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN 0\r
+#define LUA_NANTRICK\r
+\r
+/* pentium 64 bits? */\r
+#elif defined(__x86_64) /* }{ */\r
+\r
+#define LUA_IEEE754TRICK\r
+#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN 0\r
+\r
+#elif defined(__POWERPC__) || defined(__ppc__) /* }{ */\r
+\r
+#define LUA_IEEE754TRICK\r
+#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN 1\r
+\r
+#else /* }{ */\r
+\r
+/* assume IEEE754 and a 32-bit integer type */\r
+#define LUA_IEEE754TRICK\r
+\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+#endif /* } */\r
+\r
+/* }================================================================== */\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+/* =================================================================== */\r
+\r
+/*\r
+** Local configuration. You can use this space to add your redefinitions\r
+** without modifying the main part of the file.\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+#endif\r
+\r
--- /dev/null
+/*\r
+** $Id: lualib.h,v 1.43.1.1 2013/04/12 18:48:47 roberto Exp $\r
+** Lua standard libraries\r
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h\r
+*/\r
+\r
+\r
+#ifndef lualib_h\r
+#define lualib_h\r
+\r
+#include <Lua/lua.h>\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_base) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+#define LUA_COLIBNAME "coroutine"\r
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_coroutine) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+#define LUA_TABLIBNAME "table"\r
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+#define LUA_IOLIBNAME "io"\r
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+#define LUA_OSLIBNAME "os"\r
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+#define LUA_STRLIBNAME "string"\r
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+#define LUA_BITLIBNAME "bit32"\r
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_bit32) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME "math"\r
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+#define LUA_DBLIBNAME "debug"\r
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+#define LUA_LOADLIBNAME "package"\r
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_package) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+\r
+/* open all previous libraries */\r
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlibs) (lua_State *L);\r
+\r
+\r
+\r
+#if !defined(lua_assert)\r
+#define lua_assert(x) ((void)0)\r
+#endif\r
+\r
+\r
+#endif\r
DevMedia|StdLib/LibC/Uefi/Devices/daShell.inf\r
DevUtility|StdLib/LibC/Uefi/Devices/daUtility.inf\r
\r
+ LuaLib|AppPkg/Applications/Lua/LuaLib.inf # Lua language library\r
+\r
[LibraryClasses.ARM]\r
NULL|ArmPkg/Library/CompilerIntrinsicsLib/CompilerIntrinsicsLib.inf\r
\r
#\r
\r
[BuildOptions]\r
-!ifndef $(EMULATE)\r
- # These Build Options are used when building the Standard Libraries to be run\r
- # on real hardware.\r
- INTEL:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /Qfreestanding /D UEFI_C_SOURCE\r
- MSFT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /X /Zc:wchar_t /D UEFI_C_SOURCE\r
- GCC:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = -nostdinc -nostdlib -DUEFI_C_SOURCE\r
- RVCT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = --library_interface=none -DUEFI_C_SOURCE -J$(WORKSPACE)/StdLib/Include -J$(WORKSPACE)/StdLib/Include/Arm\r
- ARMGCC:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = -nostdinc -nostdlib -DUEFI_C_SOURCE -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-unused -Wno-format-zero-length\r
- XCODE:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = -nostdinc -nostdlib -DUEFI_C_SOURCE -Wno-unused-const-variable -Wno-string-compare -Wno-sometimes-uninitialized\r
-\r
-!else\r
+!ifdef $(EMULATE)\r
# The Build Options, below, are only used when building the Standard Libraries\r
- # to be run under an emulation environment.\r
+ # to be run under an emulation environment; such as NT32Pkg.\r
# They disable optimization which facillitates debugging under the Emulation environment.\r
INTEL:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS = /Od /D UEFI_C_SOURCE\r
MSFT:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS = /Od /D UEFI_C_SOURCE\r
RVCT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = --library_interface=none -DUEFI_C_SOURCE -J$(WORKSPACE)/StdLib/Include -J$(WORKSPACE)/StdLib/Include/Arm\r
ARMGCC:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = -O0 -DUEFI_C_SOURCE -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-unused -Wno-format-zero-length\r
XCODE:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = -O0 -DUEFI_C_SOURCE -Wno-unused-const-variable -Wno-string-compare -Wno-sometimes-uninitialized\r
+\r
+!else\r
+ # These Build Options are used when building the Standard Libraries to be run\r
+ # on real hardware.\r
+ INTEL:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /Qfreestanding /D UEFI_C_SOURCE\r
+ MSFT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /X /Zc:wchar_t /D UEFI_C_SOURCE\r
+ GCC:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = -nostdinc -nostdlib -DUEFI_C_SOURCE\r
+ RVCT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = --library_interface=none -DUEFI_C_SOURCE -J$(WORKSPACE)/StdLib/Include -J$(WORKSPACE)/StdLib/Include/Arm\r
+ ARMGCC:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = -nostdinc -nostdlib -DUEFI_C_SOURCE -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-unused -Wno-format-zero-length\r
+ XCODE:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = -nostdinc -nostdlib -DUEFI_C_SOURCE -Wno-unused-const-variable -Wno-string-compare -Wno-sometimes-uninitialized\r
!endif\r
projects / mirror_edk2.git / commitdiff
