pve-installation.adoc

   1 Installing Proxmox VE
   2 =====================
   3 ifndef::manvolnum[]
   4 :pve-toplevel:
   5 endif::manvolnum[]
   6 ifdef::wiki[]
   7 :title: Installation
   8 endif::wiki[]
   9
  10 {pve} is based on Debian and comes with an installation CD-ROM
  11 which includes a complete Debian ("jessie" for Proxmox VE 4.x) system as
  12 well as all necessary Proxmox VE packages. The
  13 installer just asks you a few questions, then partitions the local
  14 disk(s), installs all required packages, and configures the system
  15 including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system
  16 within a few minutes. This is the preferred and recommended installation method.
  17
  18 Alternatively, Proxmox VE can be installed on top of an existing Debian system.
  19 This option is only recommended for advanced users since detail knowledge about
  20 Proxmox VE is necessary.
  21
  22 ifndef::wiki[]
  23
  24 include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[]
  25
  26 endif::wiki[]
  27
  28
  29 Using the {pve} Installation CD-ROM
  30 -----------------------------------
  31
  32 Includes the following:
  33
  34 * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit)
  35
  36 * Partitioning of the hard drive(s) containing the operating system
  37   with ext4, ext3, xfs or ZFS
  38
  39 * {pve} kernel with LXC and KVM support
  40
  41 * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and
  42   all necessary resources
  43
  44 * Web based management interface for using the toolset
  45
  46
  47 NOTE: By default, the complete server is used and all existing data is
  48 removed.
  49
  50 Please insert the installation CD-ROM, then boot from that
  51 drive. Immediately afterwards you can choose the following menu
  52 options:
  53
  54 Install Proxmox VE::
  55
  56 Start normal installation.
  57
  58 Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode)::
  59
  60 Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several
  61 installation steps, so that you can debug things if something goes
  62 wrong. Please press `CTRL-D` to exit those debug consoles and continue
  63 installation. This option is mostly for developers and not meant for
  64 general use.
  65
  66 Rescue Boot::
  67
  68 This option allows you to boot an existing installation. It searches
  69 all attached hard disks and, if it finds an existing installation,
  70 boots directly into that disk using the existing Linux kernel. This
  71 can be useful if there are problems with the boot block (grub), or the
  72 BIOS is unable to read the boot block from the disk.
  73
  74 Test Memory::
  75
  76 Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is
  77 functional and error free.
  78
  79 You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation.
  80 After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The
  81 `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which
  82 defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`,
  83 `ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to
  84 restrict LVM space (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>)
  85
  86 If you have more than one disk, you can also use ZFS as file system.
  87 ZFS supports several software RAID levels, so this is specially useful
  88 if you do not have a hardware RAID controller. The `Options` button
  89 lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and you can choose disks there.
  90
  91 The next pages just ask for basic configuration options like time
  92 zone and keyboard layout. You also need to specify your email address
  93 and superuser (root) password (must have at least 5 characters).
  94
  95 The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can
  96 use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a
  97 dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation.
  98
  99 If you press `Next` now, installation starts to format disks, and
 100 copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished,
 101 then reboot the server.
 102
 103 Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just
 104 point your browser to the IP address given during installation
 105 (https://youripaddress:8006).
 106
 107 NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is
 108 defined during the installation process.
 109
 110
 111 [[advanced_lvm_options]]
 112 Advanced LVM Configuration Options
 113 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 114
 115 The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional
 116 Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data` and `swap`. The size of
 117 those volumes can be controlled with:
 118
 119 `hdsize`::
 120
 121 Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free
 122 space on the HD for further partitioning (i.e. for an additional PV
 123 and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage).
 124
 125 `swapsize`::
 126
 127 Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the
 128 installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot
 129 be greater than `hdsize/8`.
 130
 131 `maxroot`::
 132
 133 Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation
 134 system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`.
 135
 136 `maxvz`::
 137
 138 Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data`
 139 volume is:
 140 +
 141 `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree`
 142 +
 143 Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`.
 144
 145 `minfree`::
 146
 147 Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`.
 148 With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8`
 149 will be used.
 150 +
 151 NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not
 152 required for lvmthin snapshots).
 153
 154
 155 ZFS Performance Tips
 156 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 157
 158 ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you
 159 want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB
 160 RAW disk space.
 161
 162 ZFS also provides the feature to use a fast SSD drive as write cache. The
 163 write cache is called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). You can add that after
 164 installation using the following command:
 165
 166  zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd>
 167
 168
 169 ifdef::wiki[]
 170
 171 link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Jessie[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Jessie]
 172 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 173
 174 link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick]
 175 ---------------------------------------------------------
 176
 177 endif::wiki[]
 178
 179 ifndef::wiki[]
 180
 181 Install {pve} on Debian
 182 -----------------------
 183
 184 {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it
 185 on top of a normal Debian installation. After configuring the
 186 repositories, you need to run:
 187
 188 [source,bash]
 189 ----
 190 apt-get update
 191 apt-get install proxmox-ve
 192 ----
 193
 194 Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but
 195 it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you
 196 know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network
 197 configuration is also completely up to you.
 198
 199 In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or
 200 ZFS.
 201
 202 You can find a detailed step by step howto on the
 203 {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Jessie[wiki].
 204
 205 include::pve-usbstick.adoc[]
 206
 207 endif::wiki[]
 208
 209 ifdef::wiki[]
 210
 211 Video Tutorials
 212 ---------------
 213
 214 * List of all official tutorials on our
 215   http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[Proxmox VE YouTube Channel]
 216
 217 * Tutorials in Spanish language on
 218   http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es
 219   YouTube Play List]
 220
 221
 222 See Also
 223 --------
 224
 225 * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements]
 226
 227 * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories]
 228
 229 * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration]
 230
 231 * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration]
 232
 233 * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks]
 234
 235 endif::wiki[]