backup: clarify that CLI means FS-level and highlight retention-note

[pve-docs.git] / qm.1-synopsis.adoc

*qm* `<COMMAND> [ARGS] [OPTIONS]`

*qm agent*

An alias for 'qm guest cmd'.

*qm cleanup* `<vmid> <clean-shutdown> <guest-requested>`

Cleans up resources like tap devices, vgpus, etc. Called after a vm shuts
down, crashes, etc.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<clean-shutdown>`: `<boolean>` ::

Indicates if qemu shutdown cleanly.

`<guest-requested>`: `<boolean>` ::

Indicates if the shutdown was requested by the guest or via qmp.

*qm clone* `<vmid> <newid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Create a copy of virtual machine/template.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<newid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

VMID for the clone.

`--bwlimit` `<integer> (0 - N)` ('default =' `clone limit from datacenter or storage config`)::

Override I/O bandwidth limit (in KiB/s).

`--description` `<string>` ::

Description for the new VM.

`--format` `<qcow2 | raw | vmdk>` ::

Target format for file storage. Only valid for full clone.

`--full` `<boolean>` ::

Create a full copy of all disks. This is always done when you clone a normal VM. For VM templates, we try to create a linked clone by default.

`--name` `<string>` ::

Set a name for the new VM.

`--pool` `<string>` ::

Add the new VM to the specified pool.

`--snapname` `<string>` ::

The name of the snapshot.

`--storage` `<string>` ::

Target storage for full clone.

`--target` `<string>` ::

Target node. Only allowed if the original VM is on shared storage.

*qm cloudinit dump* `<vmid> <type>`

Get automatically generated cloudinit config.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<type>`: `<meta | network | user>` ::

Config type.

*qm config* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Get the virtual machine configuration with pending configuration changes
applied. Set the 'current' parameter to get the current configuration
instead.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--current` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Get current values (instead of pending values).

`--snapshot` `<string>` ::

Fetch config values from given snapshot.

*qm create* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Create or restore a virtual machine.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--acpi` `<boolean>` ('default =' `1`)::

Enable/disable ACPI.

`--agent` `[enabled=]<1|0> [,fstrim_cloned_disks=<1|0>] [,type=<virtio|isa>]` ::

Enable/disable communication with the Qemu Guest Agent and its properties.

`--arch` `<aarch64 | x86_64>` ::

Virtual processor architecture. Defaults to the host.

`--archive` `<string>` ::

The backup archive. Either the file system path to a .tar or .vma file (use '-' to pipe data from stdin) or a proxmox storage backup volume identifier.

`--args` `<string>` ::

Arbitrary arguments passed to kvm.

`--audio0` `device=<ich9-intel-hda|intel-hda|AC97> [,driver=<spice|none>]` ::

Configure a audio device, useful in combination with QXL/Spice.

`--autostart` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Automatic restart after crash (currently ignored).

`--balloon` `<integer> (0 - N)` ::

Amount of target RAM for the VM in MB. Using zero disables the ballon driver.

`--bios` `<ovmf | seabios>` ('default =' `seabios`)::

Select BIOS implementation.

`--boot` `[[legacy=]<[acdn]{1,4}>] [,order=<device[;device...]>]` ::

Specify guest boot order. Use the 'order=' sub-property as usage with no key or 'legacy=' is deprecated.

`--bootdisk` `(ide|sata|scsi|virtio)\d+` ::

Enable booting from specified disk. Deprecated: Use 'boot: order=foo;bar' instead.

`--bwlimit` `<integer> (0 - N)` ('default =' `restore limit from datacenter or storage config`)::

Override I/O bandwidth limit (in KiB/s).

`--cdrom` `<volume>` ::

This is an alias for option -ide2

`--cicustom` `[meta=<volume>] [,network=<volume>] [,user=<volume>] [,vendor=<volume>]` ::

cloud-init: Specify custom files to replace the automatically generated ones at start.

`--cipassword` `<password>` ::

cloud-init: Password to assign the user. Using this is generally not recommended. Use ssh keys instead. Also note that older cloud-init versions do not support hashed passwords.

`--citype` `<configdrive2 | nocloud | opennebula>` ::

Specifies the cloud-init configuration format. The default depends on the configured operating system type (`ostype`. We use the `nocloud` format for Linux, and `configdrive2` for windows.

`--ciuser` `<string>` ::

cloud-init: User name to change ssh keys and password for instead of the image's configured default user.

`--cores` `<integer> (1 - N)` ('default =' `1`)::

The number of cores per socket.

`--cpu` `[[cputype=]<string>] [,flags=<+FLAG[;-FLAG...]>] [,hidden=<1|0>] [,hv-vendor-id=<vendor-id>] [,phys-bits=<8-64|host>] [,reported-model=<enum>]` ::

Emulated CPU type.

`--cpulimit` `<number> (0 - 128)` ('default =' `0`)::

Limit of CPU usage.

`--cpuunits` `<integer> (2 - 262144)` ('default =' `cgroup v1: 1024, cgroup v2: 100`)::

CPU weight for a VM, will be clamped to [1, 10000] in cgroup v2.

`--description` `<string>` ::

Description for the VM. Shown in the web-interface VM's summary. This is saved as comment inside the configuration file.

`--efidisk0` `[file=]<volume> [,efitype=<2m|4m>] [,format=<enum>] [,pre-enrolled-keys=<1|0>] [,size=<DiskSize>]` ::

Configure a Disk for storing EFI vars. Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume. Note that SIZE_IN_GiB is ignored here and that the default EFI vars are copied to the volume instead.

`--force` `<boolean>` ::

Allow to overwrite existing VM.
+
NOTE: Requires option(s): `archive`

`--freeze` `<boolean>` ::

Freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' monitor command to start execution).

`--hookscript` `<string>` ::

Script that will be executed during various steps in the vms lifetime.

`--hostpci[n]` `[host=]<HOSTPCIID[;HOSTPCIID2...]> [,legacy-igd=<1|0>] [,mdev=<string>] [,pcie=<1|0>] [,rombar=<1|0>] [,romfile=<string>] [,x-vga=<1|0>]` ::

Map host PCI devices into guest.

`--hotplug` `<string>` ('default =' `network,disk,usb`)::

Selectively enable hotplug features. This is a comma separated list of hotplug features: 'network', 'disk', 'cpu', 'memory' and 'usb'. Use '0' to disable hotplug completely. Using '1' as value is an alias for the default `network,disk,usb`.

`--hugepages` `<1024 | 2 | any>` ::

Enable/disable hugepages memory.

`--ide[n]` `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads|io_uring>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,bps_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,cache=<enum>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<enum>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,model=<model>] [,replicate=<1|0>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,shared=<1|0>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,ssd=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enum>] [,wwn=<wwn>]` ::

Use volume as IDE hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 3). Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume.

`--ipconfig[n]` `[gw=<GatewayIPv4>] [,gw6=<GatewayIPv6>] [,ip=<IPv4Format/CIDR>] [,ip6=<IPv6Format/CIDR>]` ::

cloud-init: Specify IP addresses and gateways for the corresponding interface.
+
IP addresses use CIDR notation, gateways are optional but need an IP of the same type specified.
+
The special string 'dhcp' can be used for IP addresses to use DHCP, in which case no explicit
gateway should be provided.
For IPv6 the special string 'auto' can be used to use stateless autoconfiguration. This requires
cloud-init 19.4 or newer.
+
If cloud-init is enabled and neither an IPv4 nor an IPv6 address is specified, it defaults to using
dhcp on IPv4.

`--ivshmem` `size=<integer> [,name=<string>]` ::

Inter-VM shared memory. Useful for direct communication between VMs, or to the host.

`--keephugepages` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Use together with hugepages. If enabled, hugepages will not not be deleted after VM shutdown and can be used for subsequent starts.

`--keyboard` `<da | de | de-ch | en-gb | en-us | es | fi | fr | fr-be | fr-ca | fr-ch | hu | is | it | ja | lt | mk | nl | no | pl | pt | pt-br | sl | sv | tr>` ::

Keyboard layout for VNC server. The default is read from the'/etc/pve/datacenter.cfg' configuration file. It should not be necessary to set it.

`--kvm` `<boolean>` ('default =' `1`)::

Enable/disable KVM hardware virtualization.

`--live-restore` `<boolean>` ::

Start the VM immediately from the backup and restore in background. PBS only.
+
NOTE: Requires option(s): `archive`

`--localtime` `<boolean>` ::

Set the real time clock (RTC) to local time. This is enabled by default if the `ostype` indicates a Microsoft Windows OS.

`--lock` `<backup | clone | create | migrate | rollback | snapshot | snapshot-delete | suspended | suspending>` ::

Lock/unlock the VM.

`--machine` `(pc|pc(-i440fx)?-\d+(\.\d+)+(\+pve\d+)?(\.pxe)?|q35|pc-q35-\d+(\.\d+)+(\+pve\d+)?(\.pxe)?|virt(?:-\d+(\.\d+)+)?(\+pve\d+)?)` ::

Specifies the Qemu machine type.

`--memory` `<integer> (16 - N)` ('default =' `512`)::

Amount of RAM for the VM in MB. This is the maximum available memory when you use the balloon device.

`--migrate_downtime` `<number> (0 - N)` ('default =' `0.1`)::

Set maximum tolerated downtime (in seconds) for migrations.

`--migrate_speed` `<integer> (0 - N)` ('default =' `0`)::

Set maximum speed (in MB/s) for migrations. Value 0 is no limit.

`--name` `<string>` ::

Set a name for the VM. Only used on the configuration web interface.

`--nameserver` `<string>` ::

cloud-init: Sets DNS server IP address for a container. Create will'
            .' automatically use the setting from the host if neither searchdomain nor nameserver'
            .' are set.

`--net[n]` `[model=]<enum> [,bridge=<bridge>] [,firewall=<1|0>] [,link_down=<1|0>] [,macaddr=<XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX>] [,mtu=<integer>] [,queues=<integer>] [,rate=<number>] [,tag=<integer>] [,trunks=<vlanid[;vlanid...]>] [,<model>=<macaddr>]` ::

Specify network devices.

`--numa` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Enable/disable NUMA.

`--numa[n]` `cpus=<id[-id];...> [,hostnodes=<id[-id];...>] [,memory=<number>] [,policy=<preferred|bind|interleave>]` ::

NUMA topology.

`--onboot` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Specifies whether a VM will be started during system bootup.

`--ostype` `<l24 | l26 | other | solaris | w2k | w2k3 | w2k8 | win10 | win11 | win7 | win8 | wvista | wxp>` ::

Specify guest operating system.

`--parallel[n]` `/dev/parport\d+|/dev/usb/lp\d+` ::

Map host parallel devices (n is 0 to 2).

`--pool` `<string>` ::

Add the VM to the specified pool.

`--protection` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Sets the protection flag of the VM. This will disable the remove VM and remove disk operations.

`--reboot` `<boolean>` ('default =' `1`)::

Allow reboot. If set to '0' the VM exit on reboot.

`--rng0` `[source=]</dev/urandom|/dev/random|/dev/hwrng> [,max_bytes=<integer>] [,period=<integer>]` ::

Configure a VirtIO-based Random Number Generator.

`--sata[n]` `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads|io_uring>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,bps_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,cache=<enum>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<enum>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,replicate=<1|0>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,shared=<1|0>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,ssd=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enum>] [,wwn=<wwn>]` ::

Use volume as SATA hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 5). Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume.

`--scsi[n]` `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads|io_uring>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,bps_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,cache=<enum>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<enum>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,iothread=<1|0>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,queues=<integer>] [,replicate=<1|0>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,ro=<1|0>] [,scsiblock=<1|0>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,shared=<1|0>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,ssd=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enum>] [,wwn=<wwn>]` ::

Use volume as SCSI hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 30). Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume.

`--scsihw` `<lsi | lsi53c810 | megasas | pvscsi | virtio-scsi-pci | virtio-scsi-single>` ('default =' `lsi`)::

SCSI controller model

`--searchdomain` `<string>` ::

cloud-init: Sets DNS search domains for a container. Create will'
            .' automatically use the setting from the host if neither searchdomain nor nameserver'
            .' are set.

`--serial[n]` `(/dev/.+|socket)` ::

Create a serial device inside the VM (n is 0 to 3)

`--shares` `<integer> (0 - 50000)` ('default =' `1000`)::

Amount of memory shares for auto-ballooning. The larger the number is, the more memory this VM gets. Number is relative to weights of all other running VMs. Using zero disables auto-ballooning. Auto-ballooning is done by pvestatd.

`--smbios1` `[base64=<1|0>] [,family=<Base64 encoded string>] [,manufacturer=<Base64 encoded string>] [,product=<Base64 encoded string>] [,serial=<Base64 encoded string>] [,sku=<Base64 encoded string>] [,uuid=<UUID>] [,version=<Base64 encoded string>]` ::

Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields.

`--smp` `<integer> (1 - N)` ('default =' `1`)::

The number of CPUs. Please use option -sockets instead.

`--sockets` `<integer> (1 - N)` ('default =' `1`)::

The number of CPU sockets.

`--spice_enhancements` `[foldersharing=<1|0>] [,videostreaming=<off|all|filter>]` ::

Configure additional enhancements for SPICE.

`--sshkeys` `<filepath>` ::

cloud-init: Setup public SSH keys (one key per line, OpenSSH format).

`--start` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Start VM after it was created successfully.

`--startdate` `(now | YYYY-MM-DD | YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS)` ('default =' `now`)::

Set the initial date of the real time clock. Valid format for date are:'now' or '2006-06-17T16:01:21' or '2006-06-17'.

`--startup` `[[order=]\d+] [,up=\d+] [,down=\d+] ` ::

Startup and shutdown behavior. Order is a non-negative number defining the general startup order. Shutdown in done with reverse ordering. Additionally you can set the 'up' or 'down' delay in seconds, which specifies a delay to wait before the next VM is started or stopped.

`--storage` `<string>` ::

Default storage.

`--tablet` `<boolean>` ('default =' `1`)::

Enable/disable the USB tablet device.

`--tags` `<string>` ::

Tags of the VM. This is only meta information.

`--tdf` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Enable/disable time drift fix.

`--template` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Enable/disable Template.

`--tpmstate0` `[file=]<volume> [,size=<DiskSize>] [,version=<v1.2|v2.0>]` ::

Configure a Disk for storing TPM state. Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume. Note that SIZE_IN_GiB is ignored here and that the default size of 4 MiB will always be used instead. The format is also fixed to 'raw'.

`--unique` `<boolean>` ::

Assign a unique random ethernet address.
+
NOTE: Requires option(s): `archive`

`--unused[n]` `[file=]<volume>` ::

Reference to unused volumes. This is used internally, and should not be modified manually.

`--usb[n]` `[host=]<HOSTUSBDEVICE|spice> [,usb3=<1|0>]` ::

Configure an USB device (n is 0 to 4).

`--vcpus` `<integer> (1 - N)` ('default =' `0`)::

Number of hotplugged vcpus.

`--vga` `[[type=]<enum>] [,memory=<integer>]` ::

Configure the VGA hardware.

`--virtio[n]` `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads|io_uring>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,bps_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,cache=<enum>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<enum>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,iothread=<1|0>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,replicate=<1|0>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,ro=<1|0>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,shared=<1|0>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enum>]` ::

Use volume as VIRTIO hard disk (n is 0 to 15). Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume.

`--vmgenid` `<UUID>` ('default =' `1 (autogenerated)`)::

Set VM Generation ID. Use '1' to autogenerate on create or update, pass '0' to disable explicitly.

`--vmstatestorage` `<string>` ::

Default storage for VM state volumes/files.

`--watchdog` `[[model=]<i6300esb|ib700>] [,action=<enum>]` ::

Create a virtual hardware watchdog device.

*qm delsnapshot* `<vmid> <snapname>` `[OPTIONS]`

Delete a VM snapshot.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<snapname>`: `<string>` ::

The name of the snapshot.

`--force` `<boolean>` ::

For removal from config file, even if removing disk snapshots fails.

*qm destroy* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Destroy the VM and  all used/owned volumes. Removes any VM specific
permissions and firewall rules

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--destroy-unreferenced-disks` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

If set, destroy additionally all disks not referenced in the config but with a matching VMID from all enabled storages.

`--purge` `<boolean>` ::

Remove VMID from configurations, like backup & replication jobs and HA.

`--skiplock` `<boolean>` ::

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

*qm guest cmd* `<vmid> <command>`

Execute Qemu Guest Agent commands.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<command>`: `<fsfreeze-freeze | fsfreeze-status | fsfreeze-thaw | fstrim | get-fsinfo | get-host-name | get-memory-block-info | get-memory-blocks | get-osinfo | get-time | get-timezone | get-users | get-vcpus | info | network-get-interfaces | ping | shutdown | suspend-disk | suspend-hybrid | suspend-ram>` ::

The QGA command.

*qm guest exec* `<vmid> [<extra-args>]` `[OPTIONS]`

Executes the given command via the guest agent

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<extra-args>`: `<array>` ::

Extra arguments as array

`--pass-stdin` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

When set, read STDIN until EOF and forward to guest agent via 'input-data' (usually treated as STDIN to process launched by guest agent). Allows maximal 1 MiB.

`--synchronous` `<boolean>` ('default =' `1`)::

If set to off, returns the pid immediately instead of waiting for the commmand to finish or the timeout.

`--timeout` `<integer> (0 - N)` ('default =' `30`)::

The maximum time to wait synchronously for the command to finish. If reached, the pid gets returned. Set to 0 to deactivate

*qm guest exec-status* `<vmid> <pid>`

Gets the status of the given pid started by the guest-agent

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<pid>`: `<integer>` ::

The PID to query

*qm guest passwd* `<vmid> <username>` `[OPTIONS]`

Sets the password for the given user to the given password

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<username>`: `<string>` ::

The user to set the password for.

`--crypted` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

set to 1 if the password has already been passed through crypt()

*qm help* `[OPTIONS]`

Get help about specified command.

`--extra-args` `<array>` ::

Shows help for a specific command

`--verbose` `<boolean>` ::

Verbose output format.

*qm importdisk* `<vmid> <source> <storage>` `[OPTIONS]`

Import an external disk image as an unused disk in a VM. The
 image format has to be supported by qemu-img(1).

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<source>`: `<string>` ::

Path to the disk image to import

`<storage>`: `<string>` ::

Target storage ID

`--format` `<qcow2 | raw | vmdk>` ::

Target format

*qm importovf* `<vmid> <manifest> <storage>` `[OPTIONS]`

Create a new VM using parameters read from an OVF manifest

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<manifest>`: `<string>` ::

path to the ovf file

`<storage>`: `<string>` ::

Target storage ID

`--dryrun` `<boolean>` ::

Print a parsed representation of the extracted OVF parameters, but do not create a VM

`--format` `<qcow2 | raw | vmdk>` ::

Target format

*qm list* `[OPTIONS]`

Virtual machine index (per node).

`--full` `<boolean>` ::

Determine the full status of active VMs.

*qm listsnapshot* `<vmid>`

List all snapshots.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

*qm migrate* `<vmid> <target>` `[OPTIONS]`

Migrate virtual machine. Creates a new migration task.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<target>`: `<string>` ::

Target node.

`--bwlimit` `<integer> (0 - N)` ('default =' `migrate limit from datacenter or storage config`)::

Override I/O bandwidth limit (in KiB/s).

`--force` `<boolean>` ::

Allow to migrate VMs which use local devices. Only root may use this option.

`--migration_network` `<string>` ::

CIDR of the (sub) network that is used for migration.

`--migration_type` `<insecure | secure>` ::

Migration traffic is encrypted using an SSH tunnel by default. On secure, completely private networks this can be disabled to increase performance.

`--online` `<boolean>` ::

Use online/live migration if VM is running. Ignored if VM is stopped.

`--targetstorage` `<string>` ::

Mapping from source to target storages. Providing only a single storage ID maps all source storages to that storage. Providing the special value '1' will map each source storage to itself.

`--with-local-disks` `<boolean>` ::

Enable live storage migration for local disk

*qm monitor* `<vmid>`

Enter Qemu Monitor interface.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

*qm move-disk* `<vmid> <disk> [<storage>]` `[OPTIONS]`

Move volume to different storage or to a different VM.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<disk>`: `<efidisk0 | ide0 | ide1 | ide2 | ide3 | sata0 | sata1 | sata2 | sata3 | sata4 | sata5 | scsi0 | scsi1 | scsi10 | scsi11 | scsi12 | scsi13 | scsi14 | scsi15 | scsi16 | scsi17 | scsi18 | scsi19 | scsi2 | scsi20 | scsi21 | scsi22 | scsi23 | scsi24 | scsi25 | scsi26 | scsi27 | scsi28 | scsi29 | scsi3 | scsi30 | scsi4 | scsi5 | scsi6 | scsi7 | scsi8 | scsi9 | tpmstate0 | unused0 | unused1 | unused10 | unused100 | unused101 | unused102 | unused103 | unused104 | unused105 | unused106 | unused107 | unused108 | unused109 | unused11 | unused110 | unused111 | unused112 | unused113 | unused114 | unused115 | unused116 | unused117 | unused118 | unused119 | unused12 | unused120 | unused121 | unused122 | unused123 | unused124 | unused125 | unused126 | unused127 | unused128 | unused129 | unused13 | unused130 | unused131 | unused132 | unused133 | unused134 | unused135 | unused136 | unused137 | unused138 | unused139 | unused14 | unused140 | unused141 | unused142 | unused143 | unused144 | unused145 | unused146 | unused147 | unused148 | unused149 | unused15 | unused150 | unused151 | unused152 | unused153 | unused154 | unused155 | unused156 | unused157 | unused158 | unused159 | unused16 | unused160 | unused161 | unused162 | unused163 | unused164 | unused165 | unused166 | unused167 | unused168 | unused169 | unused17 | unused170 | unused171 | unused172 | unused173 | unused174 | unused175 | unused176 | unused177 | unused178 | unused179 | unused18 | unused180 | unused181 | unused182 | unused183 | unused184 | unused185 | unused186 | unused187 | unused188 | unused189 | unused19 | unused190 | unused191 | unused192 | unused193 | unused194 | unused195 | unused196 | unused197 | unused198 | unused199 | unused2 | unused20 | unused200 | unused201 | unused202 | unused203 | unused204 | unused205 | unused206 | unused207 | unused208 | unused209 | unused21 | unused210 | unused211 | unused212 | unused213 | unused214 | unused215 | unused216 | unused217 | unused218 | unused219 | unused22 | unused220 | unused221 | unused222 | unused223 | unused224 | unused225 | unused226 | unused227 | unused228 | unused229 | unused23 | unused230 | unused231 | unused232 | unused233 | unused234 | unused235 | unused236 | unused237 | unused238 | unused239 | unused24 | unused240 | unused241 | unused242 | unused243 | unused244 | unused245 | unused246 | unused247 | unused248 | unused249 | unused25 | unused250 | unused251 | unused252 | unused253 | unused254 | unused255 | unused26 | unused27 | unused28 | unused29 | unused3 | unused30 | unused31 | unused32 | unused33 | unused34 | unused35 | unused36 | unused37 | unused38 | unused39 | unused4 | unused40 | unused41 | unused42 | unused43 | unused44 | unused45 | unused46 | unused47 | unused48 | unused49 | unused5 | unused50 | unused51 | unused52 | unused53 | unused54 | unused55 | unused56 | unused57 | unused58 | unused59 | unused6 | unused60 | unused61 | unused62 | unused63 | unused64 | unused65 | unused66 | unused67 | unused68 | unused69 | unused7 | unused70 | unused71 | unused72 | unused73 | unused74 | unused75 | unused76 | unused77 | unused78 | unused79 | unused8 | unused80 | unused81 | unused82 | unused83 | unused84 | unused85 | unused86 | unused87 | unused88 | unused89 | unused9 | unused90 | unused91 | unused92 | unused93 | unused94 | unused95 | unused96 | unused97 | unused98 | unused99 | virtio0 | virtio1 | virtio10 | virtio11 | virtio12 | virtio13 | virtio14 | virtio15 | virtio2 | virtio3 | virtio4 | virtio5 | virtio6 | virtio7 | virtio8 | virtio9>` ::

The disk you want to move.

`<storage>`: `<string>` ::

Target storage.

`--bwlimit` `<integer> (0 - N)` ('default =' `move limit from datacenter or storage config`)::

Override I/O bandwidth limit (in KiB/s).

`--delete` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Delete the original disk after successful copy. By default the original disk is kept as unused disk.

`--digest` `<string>` ::

Prevent changes if current configuration file has different SHA1"
                    ." digest. This can be used to prevent concurrent modifications.

`--format` `<qcow2 | raw | vmdk>` ::

Target Format.

`--target-digest` `<string>` ::

Prevent changes if the current config file of the target VM has a"
                    ." different SHA1 digest. This can be used to detect concurrent modifications.

`--target-disk` `<efidisk0 | ide0 | ide1 | ide2 | ide3 | sata0 | sata1 | sata2 | sata3 | sata4 | sata5 | scsi0 | scsi1 | scsi10 | scsi11 | scsi12 | scsi13 | scsi14 | scsi15 | scsi16 | scsi17 | scsi18 | scsi19 | scsi2 | scsi20 | scsi21 | scsi22 | scsi23 | scsi24 | scsi25 | scsi26 | scsi27 | scsi28 | scsi29 | scsi3 | scsi30 | scsi4 | scsi5 | scsi6 | scsi7 | scsi8 | scsi9 | tpmstate0 | unused0 | unused1 | unused10 | unused100 | unused101 | unused102 | unused103 | unused104 | unused105 | unused106 | unused107 | unused108 | unused109 | unused11 | unused110 | unused111 | unused112 | unused113 | unused114 | unused115 | unused116 | unused117 | unused118 | unused119 | unused12 | unused120 | unused121 | unused122 | unused123 | unused124 | unused125 | unused126 | unused127 | unused128 | unused129 | unused13 | unused130 | unused131 | unused132 | unused133 | unused134 | unused135 | unused136 | unused137 | unused138 | unused139 | unused14 | unused140 | unused141 | unused142 | unused143 | unused144 | unused145 | unused146 | unused147 | unused148 | unused149 | unused15 | unused150 | unused151 | unused152 | unused153 | unused154 | unused155 | unused156 | unused157 | unused158 | unused159 | unused16 | unused160 | unused161 | unused162 | unused163 | unused164 | unused165 | unused166 | unused167 | unused168 | unused169 | unused17 | unused170 | unused171 | unused172 | unused173 | unused174 | unused175 | unused176 | unused177 | unused178 | unused179 | unused18 | unused180 | unused181 | unused182 | unused183 | unused184 | unused185 | unused186 | unused187 | unused188 | unused189 | unused19 | unused190 | unused191 | unused192 | unused193 | unused194 | unused195 | unused196 | unused197 | unused198 | unused199 | unused2 | unused20 | unused200 | unused201 | unused202 | unused203 | unused204 | unused205 | unused206 | unused207 | unused208 | unused209 | unused21 | unused210 | unused211 | unused212 | unused213 | unused214 | unused215 | unused216 | unused217 | unused218 | unused219 | unused22 | unused220 | unused221 | unused222 | unused223 | unused224 | unused225 | unused226 | unused227 | unused228 | unused229 | unused23 | unused230 | unused231 | unused232 | unused233 | unused234 | unused235 | unused236 | unused237 | unused238 | unused239 | unused24 | unused240 | unused241 | unused242 | unused243 | unused244 | unused245 | unused246 | unused247 | unused248 | unused249 | unused25 | unused250 | unused251 | unused252 | unused253 | unused254 | unused255 | unused26 | unused27 | unused28 | unused29 | unused3 | unused30 | unused31 | unused32 | unused33 | unused34 | unused35 | unused36 | unused37 | unused38 | unused39 | unused4 | unused40 | unused41 | unused42 | unused43 | unused44 | unused45 | unused46 | unused47 | unused48 | unused49 | unused5 | unused50 | unused51 | unused52 | unused53 | unused54 | unused55 | unused56 | unused57 | unused58 | unused59 | unused6 | unused60 | unused61 | unused62 | unused63 | unused64 | unused65 | unused66 | unused67 | unused68 | unused69 | unused7 | unused70 | unused71 | unused72 | unused73 | unused74 | unused75 | unused76 | unused77 | unused78 | unused79 | unused8 | unused80 | unused81 | unused82 | unused83 | unused84 | unused85 | unused86 | unused87 | unused88 | unused89 | unused9 | unused90 | unused91 | unused92 | unused93 | unused94 | unused95 | unused96 | unused97 | unused98 | unused99 | virtio0 | virtio1 | virtio10 | virtio11 | virtio12 | virtio13 | virtio14 | virtio15 | virtio2 | virtio3 | virtio4 | virtio5 | virtio6 | virtio7 | virtio8 | virtio9>` ::

The config key the disk will be moved to on the target VM (for example, ide0 or scsi1). Default is the source disk key.

`--target-vmid` `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

*qm move_disk*

An alias for 'qm move-disk'.

*qm mtunnel*

Used by qmigrate - do not use manually.

*qm nbdstop* `<vmid>`

Stop embedded nbd server.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

*qm pending* `<vmid>`

Get the virtual machine configuration with both current and pending values.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

*qm reboot* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Reboot the VM by shutting it down, and starting it again. Applies pending
changes.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--timeout` `<integer> (0 - N)` ::

Wait maximal timeout seconds for the shutdown.

*qm rescan* `[OPTIONS]`

Rescan all storages and update disk sizes and unused disk images.

`--dryrun` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Do not actually write changes out to VM config(s).

`--vmid` `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

*qm reset* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Reset virtual machine.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--skiplock` `<boolean>` ::

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

*qm resize* `<vmid> <disk> <size>` `[OPTIONS]`

Extend volume size.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<disk>`: `<efidisk0 | ide0 | ide1 | ide2 | ide3 | sata0 | sata1 | sata2 | sata3 | sata4 | sata5 | scsi0 | scsi1 | scsi10 | scsi11 | scsi12 | scsi13 | scsi14 | scsi15 | scsi16 | scsi17 | scsi18 | scsi19 | scsi2 | scsi20 | scsi21 | scsi22 | scsi23 | scsi24 | scsi25 | scsi26 | scsi27 | scsi28 | scsi29 | scsi3 | scsi30 | scsi4 | scsi5 | scsi6 | scsi7 | scsi8 | scsi9 | tpmstate0 | virtio0 | virtio1 | virtio10 | virtio11 | virtio12 | virtio13 | virtio14 | virtio15 | virtio2 | virtio3 | virtio4 | virtio5 | virtio6 | virtio7 | virtio8 | virtio9>` ::

The disk you want to resize.

`<size>`: `\+?\d+(\.\d+)?[KMGT]?` ::

The new size. With the `+` sign the value is added to the actual size of the volume and without it, the value is taken as an absolute one. Shrinking disk size is not supported.

`--digest` `<string>` ::

Prevent changes if current configuration file has different SHA1 digest. This can be used to prevent concurrent modifications.

`--skiplock` `<boolean>` ::

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

*qm resume* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Resume virtual machine.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--nocheck` `<boolean>` ::

no description available

`--skiplock` `<boolean>` ::

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

*qm rollback* `<vmid> <snapname>`

Rollback VM state to specified snapshot.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<snapname>`: `<string>` ::

The name of the snapshot.

*qm sendkey* `<vmid> <key>` `[OPTIONS]`

Send key event to virtual machine.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<key>`: `<string>` ::

The key (qemu monitor encoding).

`--skiplock` `<boolean>` ::

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

*qm set* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Set virtual machine options (synchrounous API) - You should consider using
the POST method instead for any actions involving hotplug or storage
allocation.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--acpi` `<boolean>` ('default =' `1`)::

Enable/disable ACPI.

`--agent` `[enabled=]<1|0> [,fstrim_cloned_disks=<1|0>] [,type=<virtio|isa>]` ::

Enable/disable communication with the Qemu Guest Agent and its properties.

`--arch` `<aarch64 | x86_64>` ::

Virtual processor architecture. Defaults to the host.

`--args` `<string>` ::

Arbitrary arguments passed to kvm.

`--audio0` `device=<ich9-intel-hda|intel-hda|AC97> [,driver=<spice|none>]` ::

Configure a audio device, useful in combination with QXL/Spice.

`--autostart` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Automatic restart after crash (currently ignored).

`--balloon` `<integer> (0 - N)` ::

Amount of target RAM for the VM in MB. Using zero disables the ballon driver.

`--bios` `<ovmf | seabios>` ('default =' `seabios`)::

Select BIOS implementation.

`--boot` `[[legacy=]<[acdn]{1,4}>] [,order=<device[;device...]>]` ::

Specify guest boot order. Use the 'order=' sub-property as usage with no key or 'legacy=' is deprecated.

`--bootdisk` `(ide|sata|scsi|virtio)\d+` ::

Enable booting from specified disk. Deprecated: Use 'boot: order=foo;bar' instead.

`--cdrom` `<volume>` ::

This is an alias for option -ide2

`--cicustom` `[meta=<volume>] [,network=<volume>] [,user=<volume>] [,vendor=<volume>]` ::

cloud-init: Specify custom files to replace the automatically generated ones at start.

`--cipassword` `<password>` ::

cloud-init: Password to assign the user. Using this is generally not recommended. Use ssh keys instead. Also note that older cloud-init versions do not support hashed passwords.

`--citype` `<configdrive2 | nocloud | opennebula>` ::

Specifies the cloud-init configuration format. The default depends on the configured operating system type (`ostype`. We use the `nocloud` format for Linux, and `configdrive2` for windows.

`--ciuser` `<string>` ::

cloud-init: User name to change ssh keys and password for instead of the image's configured default user.

`--cores` `<integer> (1 - N)` ('default =' `1`)::

The number of cores per socket.

`--cpu` `[[cputype=]<string>] [,flags=<+FLAG[;-FLAG...]>] [,hidden=<1|0>] [,hv-vendor-id=<vendor-id>] [,phys-bits=<8-64|host>] [,reported-model=<enum>]` ::

Emulated CPU type.

`--cpulimit` `<number> (0 - 128)` ('default =' `0`)::

Limit of CPU usage.

`--cpuunits` `<integer> (2 - 262144)` ('default =' `cgroup v1: 1024, cgroup v2: 100`)::

CPU weight for a VM, will be clamped to [1, 10000] in cgroup v2.

`--delete` `<string>` ::

A list of settings you want to delete.

`--description` `<string>` ::

Description for the VM. Shown in the web-interface VM's summary. This is saved as comment inside the configuration file.

`--digest` `<string>` ::

Prevent changes if current configuration file has different SHA1 digest. This can be used to prevent concurrent modifications.

`--efidisk0` `[file=]<volume> [,efitype=<2m|4m>] [,format=<enum>] [,pre-enrolled-keys=<1|0>] [,size=<DiskSize>]` ::

Configure a Disk for storing EFI vars. Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume. Note that SIZE_IN_GiB is ignored here and that the default EFI vars are copied to the volume instead.

`--force` `<boolean>` ::

Force physical removal. Without this, we simple remove the disk from the config file and create an additional configuration entry called 'unused[n]', which contains the volume ID. Unlink of unused[n] always cause physical removal.
+
NOTE: Requires option(s): `delete`

`--freeze` `<boolean>` ::

Freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' monitor command to start execution).

`--hookscript` `<string>` ::

Script that will be executed during various steps in the vms lifetime.

`--hostpci[n]` `[host=]<HOSTPCIID[;HOSTPCIID2...]> [,legacy-igd=<1|0>] [,mdev=<string>] [,pcie=<1|0>] [,rombar=<1|0>] [,romfile=<string>] [,x-vga=<1|0>]` ::

Map host PCI devices into guest.

`--hotplug` `<string>` ('default =' `network,disk,usb`)::

Selectively enable hotplug features. This is a comma separated list of hotplug features: 'network', 'disk', 'cpu', 'memory' and 'usb'. Use '0' to disable hotplug completely. Using '1' as value is an alias for the default `network,disk,usb`.

`--hugepages` `<1024 | 2 | any>` ::

Enable/disable hugepages memory.

`--ide[n]` `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads|io_uring>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,bps_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,cache=<enum>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<enum>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,model=<model>] [,replicate=<1|0>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,shared=<1|0>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,ssd=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enum>] [,wwn=<wwn>]` ::

Use volume as IDE hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 3). Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume.

`--ipconfig[n]` `[gw=<GatewayIPv4>] [,gw6=<GatewayIPv6>] [,ip=<IPv4Format/CIDR>] [,ip6=<IPv6Format/CIDR>]` ::

cloud-init: Specify IP addresses and gateways for the corresponding interface.
+
IP addresses use CIDR notation, gateways are optional but need an IP of the same type specified.
+
The special string 'dhcp' can be used for IP addresses to use DHCP, in which case no explicit
gateway should be provided.
For IPv6 the special string 'auto' can be used to use stateless autoconfiguration. This requires
cloud-init 19.4 or newer.
+
If cloud-init is enabled and neither an IPv4 nor an IPv6 address is specified, it defaults to using
dhcp on IPv4.

`--ivshmem` `size=<integer> [,name=<string>]` ::

Inter-VM shared memory. Useful for direct communication between VMs, or to the host.

`--keephugepages` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Use together with hugepages. If enabled, hugepages will not not be deleted after VM shutdown and can be used for subsequent starts.

`--keyboard` `<da | de | de-ch | en-gb | en-us | es | fi | fr | fr-be | fr-ca | fr-ch | hu | is | it | ja | lt | mk | nl | no | pl | pt | pt-br | sl | sv | tr>` ::

Keyboard layout for VNC server. The default is read from the'/etc/pve/datacenter.cfg' configuration file. It should not be necessary to set it.

`--kvm` `<boolean>` ('default =' `1`)::

Enable/disable KVM hardware virtualization.

`--localtime` `<boolean>` ::

Set the real time clock (RTC) to local time. This is enabled by default if the `ostype` indicates a Microsoft Windows OS.

`--lock` `<backup | clone | create | migrate | rollback | snapshot | snapshot-delete | suspended | suspending>` ::

Lock/unlock the VM.

`--machine` `(pc|pc(-i440fx)?-\d+(\.\d+)+(\+pve\d+)?(\.pxe)?|q35|pc-q35-\d+(\.\d+)+(\+pve\d+)?(\.pxe)?|virt(?:-\d+(\.\d+)+)?(\+pve\d+)?)` ::

Specifies the Qemu machine type.

`--memory` `<integer> (16 - N)` ('default =' `512`)::

Amount of RAM for the VM in MB. This is the maximum available memory when you use the balloon device.

`--migrate_downtime` `<number> (0 - N)` ('default =' `0.1`)::

Set maximum tolerated downtime (in seconds) for migrations.

`--migrate_speed` `<integer> (0 - N)` ('default =' `0`)::

Set maximum speed (in MB/s) for migrations. Value 0 is no limit.

`--name` `<string>` ::

Set a name for the VM. Only used on the configuration web interface.

`--nameserver` `<string>` ::

cloud-init: Sets DNS server IP address for a container. Create will'
            .' automatically use the setting from the host if neither searchdomain nor nameserver'
            .' are set.

`--net[n]` `[model=]<enum> [,bridge=<bridge>] [,firewall=<1|0>] [,link_down=<1|0>] [,macaddr=<XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX>] [,mtu=<integer>] [,queues=<integer>] [,rate=<number>] [,tag=<integer>] [,trunks=<vlanid[;vlanid...]>] [,<model>=<macaddr>]` ::

Specify network devices.

`--numa` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Enable/disable NUMA.

`--numa[n]` `cpus=<id[-id];...> [,hostnodes=<id[-id];...>] [,memory=<number>] [,policy=<preferred|bind|interleave>]` ::

NUMA topology.

`--onboot` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Specifies whether a VM will be started during system bootup.

`--ostype` `<l24 | l26 | other | solaris | w2k | w2k3 | w2k8 | win10 | win11 | win7 | win8 | wvista | wxp>` ::

Specify guest operating system.

`--parallel[n]` `/dev/parport\d+|/dev/usb/lp\d+` ::

Map host parallel devices (n is 0 to 2).

`--protection` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Sets the protection flag of the VM. This will disable the remove VM and remove disk operations.

`--reboot` `<boolean>` ('default =' `1`)::

Allow reboot. If set to '0' the VM exit on reboot.

`--revert` `<string>` ::

Revert a pending change.

`--rng0` `[source=]</dev/urandom|/dev/random|/dev/hwrng> [,max_bytes=<integer>] [,period=<integer>]` ::

Configure a VirtIO-based Random Number Generator.

`--sata[n]` `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads|io_uring>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,bps_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,cache=<enum>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<enum>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,replicate=<1|0>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,shared=<1|0>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,ssd=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enum>] [,wwn=<wwn>]` ::

Use volume as SATA hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 5). Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume.

`--scsi[n]` `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads|io_uring>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,bps_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,cache=<enum>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<enum>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,iothread=<1|0>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,queues=<integer>] [,replicate=<1|0>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,ro=<1|0>] [,scsiblock=<1|0>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,shared=<1|0>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,ssd=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enum>] [,wwn=<wwn>]` ::

Use volume as SCSI hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 30). Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume.

`--scsihw` `<lsi | lsi53c810 | megasas | pvscsi | virtio-scsi-pci | virtio-scsi-single>` ('default =' `lsi`)::

SCSI controller model

`--searchdomain` `<string>` ::

cloud-init: Sets DNS search domains for a container. Create will'
            .' automatically use the setting from the host if neither searchdomain nor nameserver'
            .' are set.

`--serial[n]` `(/dev/.+|socket)` ::

Create a serial device inside the VM (n is 0 to 3)

`--shares` `<integer> (0 - 50000)` ('default =' `1000`)::

Amount of memory shares for auto-ballooning. The larger the number is, the more memory this VM gets. Number is relative to weights of all other running VMs. Using zero disables auto-ballooning. Auto-ballooning is done by pvestatd.

`--skiplock` `<boolean>` ::

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

`--smbios1` `[base64=<1|0>] [,family=<Base64 encoded string>] [,manufacturer=<Base64 encoded string>] [,product=<Base64 encoded string>] [,serial=<Base64 encoded string>] [,sku=<Base64 encoded string>] [,uuid=<UUID>] [,version=<Base64 encoded string>]` ::

Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields.

`--smp` `<integer> (1 - N)` ('default =' `1`)::

The number of CPUs. Please use option -sockets instead.

`--sockets` `<integer> (1 - N)` ('default =' `1`)::

The number of CPU sockets.

`--spice_enhancements` `[foldersharing=<1|0>] [,videostreaming=<off|all|filter>]` ::

Configure additional enhancements for SPICE.

`--sshkeys` `<filepath>` ::

cloud-init: Setup public SSH keys (one key per line, OpenSSH format).

`--startdate` `(now | YYYY-MM-DD | YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS)` ('default =' `now`)::

Set the initial date of the real time clock. Valid format for date are:'now' or '2006-06-17T16:01:21' or '2006-06-17'.

`--startup` `[[order=]\d+] [,up=\d+] [,down=\d+] ` ::

Startup and shutdown behavior. Order is a non-negative number defining the general startup order. Shutdown in done with reverse ordering. Additionally you can set the 'up' or 'down' delay in seconds, which specifies a delay to wait before the next VM is started or stopped.

`--tablet` `<boolean>` ('default =' `1`)::

Enable/disable the USB tablet device.

`--tags` `<string>` ::

Tags of the VM. This is only meta information.

`--tdf` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Enable/disable time drift fix.

`--template` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Enable/disable Template.

`--tpmstate0` `[file=]<volume> [,size=<DiskSize>] [,version=<v1.2|v2.0>]` ::

Configure a Disk for storing TPM state. Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume. Note that SIZE_IN_GiB is ignored here and that the default size of 4 MiB will always be used instead. The format is also fixed to 'raw'.

`--unused[n]` `[file=]<volume>` ::

Reference to unused volumes. This is used internally, and should not be modified manually.

`--usb[n]` `[host=]<HOSTUSBDEVICE|spice> [,usb3=<1|0>]` ::

Configure an USB device (n is 0 to 4).

`--vcpus` `<integer> (1 - N)` ('default =' `0`)::

Number of hotplugged vcpus.

`--vga` `[[type=]<enum>] [,memory=<integer>]` ::

Configure the VGA hardware.

`--virtio[n]` `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads|io_uring>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,bps_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,cache=<enum>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<enum>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max_length=<seconds>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max_length=<seconds>] [,iothread=<1|0>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,replicate=<1|0>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,ro=<1|0>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,shared=<1|0>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enum>]` ::

Use volume as VIRTIO hard disk (n is 0 to 15). Use the special syntax STORAGE_ID:SIZE_IN_GiB to allocate a new volume.

`--vmgenid` `<UUID>` ('default =' `1 (autogenerated)`)::

Set VM Generation ID. Use '1' to autogenerate on create or update, pass '0' to disable explicitly.

`--vmstatestorage` `<string>` ::

Default storage for VM state volumes/files.

`--watchdog` `[[model=]<i6300esb|ib700>] [,action=<enum>]` ::

Create a virtual hardware watchdog device.

*qm showcmd* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Show command line which is used to start the VM (debug info).

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--pretty` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Puts each option on a new line to enhance human readability

`--snapshot` `<string>` ::

Fetch config values from given snapshot.

*qm shutdown* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Shutdown virtual machine. This is similar to pressing the power button on a
physical machine.This will send an ACPI event for the guest OS, which
should then proceed to a clean shutdown.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--forceStop` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Make sure the VM stops.

`--keepActive` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Do not deactivate storage volumes.

`--skiplock` `<boolean>` ::

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

`--timeout` `<integer> (0 - N)` ::

Wait maximal timeout seconds.

*qm snapshot* `<vmid> <snapname>` `[OPTIONS]`

Snapshot a VM.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`<snapname>`: `<string>` ::

The name of the snapshot.

`--description` `<string>` ::

A textual description or comment.

`--vmstate` `<boolean>` ::

Save the vmstate

*qm start* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Start virtual machine.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--force-cpu` `<string>` ::

Override QEMU's -cpu argument with the given string.

`--machine` `(pc|pc(-i440fx)?-\d+(\.\d+)+(\+pve\d+)?(\.pxe)?|q35|pc-q35-\d+(\.\d+)+(\+pve\d+)?(\.pxe)?|virt(?:-\d+(\.\d+)+)?(\+pve\d+)?)` ::

Specifies the Qemu machine type.

`--migratedfrom` `<string>` ::

The cluster node name.

`--migration_network` `<string>` ::

CIDR of the (sub) network that is used for migration.

`--migration_type` `<insecure | secure>` ::

Migration traffic is encrypted using an SSH tunnel by default. On secure, completely private networks this can be disabled to increase performance.

`--skiplock` `<boolean>` ::

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

`--stateuri` `<string>` ::

Some command save/restore state from this location.

`--targetstorage` `<string>` ::

Mapping from source to target storages. Providing only a single storage ID maps all source storages to that storage. Providing the special value '1' will map each source storage to itself.

`--timeout` `<integer> (0 - N)` ('default =' `max(30, vm memory in GiB)`)::

Wait maximal timeout seconds.

*qm status* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Show VM status.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--verbose` `<boolean>` ::

Verbose output format

*qm stop* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Stop virtual machine. The qemu process will exit immediately. Thisis akin
to pulling the power plug of a running computer and may damage the VM data

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--keepActive` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

Do not deactivate storage volumes.

`--migratedfrom` `<string>` ::

The cluster node name.

`--skiplock` `<boolean>` ::

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

`--timeout` `<integer> (0 - N)` ::

Wait maximal timeout seconds.

*qm suspend* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Suspend virtual machine.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--skiplock` `<boolean>` ::

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

`--statestorage` `<string>` ::

The storage for the VM state
+
NOTE: Requires option(s): `todisk`

`--todisk` `<boolean>` ('default =' `0`)::

If set, suspends the VM to disk. Will be resumed on next VM start.

*qm template* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Create a Template.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--disk` `<efidisk0 | ide0 | ide1 | ide2 | ide3 | sata0 | sata1 | sata2 | sata3 | sata4 | sata5 | scsi0 | scsi1 | scsi10 | scsi11 | scsi12 | scsi13 | scsi14 | scsi15 | scsi16 | scsi17 | scsi18 | scsi19 | scsi2 | scsi20 | scsi21 | scsi22 | scsi23 | scsi24 | scsi25 | scsi26 | scsi27 | scsi28 | scsi29 | scsi3 | scsi30 | scsi4 | scsi5 | scsi6 | scsi7 | scsi8 | scsi9 | tpmstate0 | virtio0 | virtio1 | virtio10 | virtio11 | virtio12 | virtio13 | virtio14 | virtio15 | virtio2 | virtio3 | virtio4 | virtio5 | virtio6 | virtio7 | virtio8 | virtio9>` ::

If you want to convert only 1 disk to base image.

*qm terminal* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Open a terminal using a serial device (The VM need to have a serial device
configured, for example 'serial0: socket')

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--escape` `<string>` ('default =' `^O`)::

Escape character.

`--iface` `<serial0 | serial1 | serial2 | serial3>` ::

Select the serial device. By default we simply use the first suitable device.

*qm unlink* `<vmid> --idlist <string>` `[OPTIONS]`

Unlink/delete disk images.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--force` `<boolean>` ::

Force physical removal. Without this, we simple remove the disk from the config file and create an additional configuration entry called 'unused[n]', which contains the volume ID. Unlink of unused[n] always cause physical removal.

`--idlist` `<string>` ::

A list of disk IDs you want to delete.

*qm unlock* `<vmid>`

Unlock the VM.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

*qm vncproxy* `<vmid>`

Proxy VM VNC traffic to stdin/stdout

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

*qm wait* `<vmid>` `[OPTIONS]`

Wait until the VM is stopped.

`<vmid>`: `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

The (unique) ID of the VM.

`--timeout` `<integer> (1 - N)` ::

Timeout in seconds. Default is to wait forever.