Installing Proxmox VE
----------------------
-include::attributes.txt[]
+=====================
+ifndef::manvolnum[]
+:pve-toplevel:
+endif::manvolnum[]
+ifdef::wiki[]
+:title: Installation
+endif::wiki[]
-{pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can simply install it
-on top of a normal Debian installation, or download the installation
-CD-ROM and use that to install {pve} on your hardware.
+{pve} is based on Debian, therefore the disk image (ISO file) provided
+by us includes a complete Debian system ("stretch" for version 5.x) as
+well as all necessary {pve} packages.
-Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but
-it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you
-know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network
-configuration is also completely up to you.
+Using the installer will guide you through the setup, allowing
+you to partition the local disk(s), apply basic system configurations
+(e.g. timezone, language, network) and install all required packages.
+Using the provided ISO will get you started in just a few minutes,
+that's why we recommend this method for new and existing users.
-In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or
-ZFS. This is why we provide an installation CD-ROM for {pve}. That
-installer just ask you a few questions, then partitions the local
-disk(s), installs all required packages and configures the system
-including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system
-within a few minutes, including the following:
+Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian
+system. This option is only recommended for advanced users since
+detailed knowledge about {pve} is necessary.
+
+ifndef::wiki[]
+
+include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[]
+
+endif::wiki[]
+
+
+Using the {pve} Installer
+-------------------------
+
+You can download the ISO from {website}en/downloads.
+It includes the following:
* Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit)
-* Partition the hard drive with ext4 (alternative ext3 or xfs) or ZFS
-* {pve} Kernel with LXC and KVM support
-* Complete toolset
-* Web based management interface
+* The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4,
+ ext3, xfs or ZFS and installs the operating system.
+
+* {pve} kernel (Linux) with LXC and KVM support
-Using the {pve} Installation CD-ROM
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+* Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and
+ all necessary resources
-This is the preferred and recommended installation method.
+* Web based management interface for using the toolset
-NOTE: By default, the complete server is used and all existing data is
-removed.
+NOTE: During the installation process, the complete server
+is used by default and all existing data is removed.
-Please insert the installation CD-ROM, then boot from that
-drive. Immediately afterwards you can choose the following menu
-options:
+Please insert the installation media (e.g. USB stick, CD-ROM) and boot
+from it.
+
+[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"]
+
+After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu
+will be displayed, you can now select one of the following options:
Install Proxmox VE::
Start normal installation.
+TIP: It is possible to only use the keyboard to progress through the
+installation wizard. Buttons can be pressed by pressing down the `ALT`
+key, combined with the underlined character from the respective Button.
+For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button.
+
Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode)::
Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several
Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is
functional and error free.
+[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"]
+
You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation.
After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The
`Options` button lets you select the target file system, which
`ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to
restrict LVM space (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>)
-If you have more than one disk, you can also use ZFS as file system.
-ZFS supports several software RAID levels, so this is specially useful
-if you do not have a hardware RAID controller. The `Options` button
-lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and you can choose disks there.
+You can also use ZFS as file system. ZFS supports several software RAID
+levels, so this is specially useful if you do not have a hardware RAID
+controller. The `Options` button lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and
+you can choose disks there. Additionally you can set additional options (see
+<<advanced_zfs_options,below>>).
+
+[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"]
+
+The next page just ask for basic configuration options like your
+location, the time zone and keyboard layout. The location is used to
+select a download server near you to speed up updates. The installer is
+usually able to auto detect those settings, so you only need to change
+them in rare situations when auto detection fails, or when you want to
+use some special keyboard layout not commonly used in your country.
+
+[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"]
+
+You then need to specify an email address and the superuser (root)
+password. The password must have at least 5 characters, but we highly
+recommend to use stronger passwords - here are some guidelines:
+
+- Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters.
+
+- Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols.
+
+- Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, dictionary words,
+ letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names,
+ romantic links (current or past) and biographical information (e.g.,
+ ID numbers, ancestors' names or dates).
+
+It is sometimes necessary to send notifications to the system
+administrator, for example:
+
+- Information about available package updates.
+
+- Error messages from periodic CRON jobs.
+
+All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email
+address.
-The next pages just ask for basic configuration options like time
-zone and keyboard layout. You also need to specify your email address
-and superuser (root) password (must have at least 5 characters).
+[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"]
The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can
use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a
dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation.
+[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"]
+
If you press `Next` now, installation starts to format disks, and
copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished,
-then reboot the server.
+then remove the installation media and restart your system.
Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just
point your browser to the IP address given during installation
-(https://youripaddress:8006). {pve} is tested for IE9, Firefox 10
-and higher, and Google Chrome.
+(https://youripaddress:8006).
NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is
defined during the installation process.
[[advanced_lvm_options]]
Advanced LVM Configuration Options
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional
Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data` and `swap`. The size of
`swapsize`::
-To define the size of the `swap` volume. Default is the same size as
-installed RAM, with 4GB minimum and `hdsize/8` as maximum.
+Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the
+installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot
+be greater than `hdsize/8`.
++
+NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created.
`maxroot`::
-The `root` volume size. The `root` volume stores the whole operation
-system.
+Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation
+system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`.
`maxvz`::
-Define the size of the `data` volume.
+Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data`
+volume is:
++
+`datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree`
++
+Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`.
++
+NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize`
+is bigger than 4GB.
++
+NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage
+configuration will be adapted accordingly.
`minfree`::
-To define the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`.
-16GB is the default if storage available > 128GB, `hdsize/8` otherwise.
+Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`.
+With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8`
+will be used.
+
NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not
required for lvmthin snapshots).
+[[advanced_zfs_options]]
+Advanced ZFS Configuration Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The installer creates a ZFS pool `rpool`. When selecting ZFS, no swap space is
+created by default. You can leave some unpartitioned space for swap or create
+a swap zvol after installation, though the latter can lead to problems
+(see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>).
+
+`ashift`::
+
+Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs
+to be set at least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to
+the power of `ashift` is the sector-size), or any disk,
+which might be put in the pool (e.g. during replacing a defective disk).
+
+`compress`::
+
+Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`.
+
+`checksum`::
+
+Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`.
+
+`copies`::
+
+Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the
+semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level.
+
+`hdsize`::
+
+Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free
+space on the HD(s) for further partitioning (e.g. for creating a swap-partition).
+`hdsize` is only honored for bootable disks, i.e., only the first disk or
+mirror for RAID0, RAID1 or RAID10, and all disks in RAID-Z[123].
+
ZFS Performance Tips
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you
want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB
ifdef::wiki[]
-link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Jessie[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Jessie]
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick]
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Stretch]
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endif::wiki[]
ifndef::wiki[]
+include::pve-usbstick.adoc[]
+
Install {pve} on Debian
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+-----------------------
-{pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can simply install it
-on top of a normal Debian installation. After configuring the
-repositories, you need to run:
+{pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it
+on top of a standard Debian installation.
+xref:sysadmin_package_repositories[After configuring the repositories], you
+need to run:
[source,bash]
----
apt-get install proxmox-ve
----
-You can find a detailed step by step howto on the
-{webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Jessie[wiki].
+Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but
+it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you
+know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network
+configuration is also completely up to you.
-endif::wiki[]
+In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or
+ZFS.
+
+You can find a detailed step by step how-to guide on the
+{webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki].
+endif::wiki[]
+
ifdef::wiki[]
Video Tutorials
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+---------------
* List of all official tutorials on our
http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[Proxmox VE YouTube Channel]
See Also
-~~~~~~~~
+--------
+
+* link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements]
* link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories]
projects / pve-docs.git / blobdiff