// Copied from pve wiki: Revision as of 16:10, 27 October 2015
-Proxmox VE supports multiple authentication sources, e.g. Microsoft
-Active Directory, LDAP, Linux PAM or the integrated Proxmox VE
-authentication server.
+Proxmox VE supports multiple authentication sources, e.g. Linux PAM,
+an integrated Proxmox VE authentication server, LDAP, Microsoft Active
+Directory.
By using the role based user- and permission management for all
objects (VMs, storages, nodes, etc.) granular access can be defined.
+Users
+-----
+
+{pve} stores user attributes in `/etc/pve/user.cfg`.
+Passwords are not stored here, users are instead associated with
+<<authentication-realms,authentication realms>> described below.
+Therefore a user is internally often identified by its name and
+realm in the form `<userid>@<realm>`.
+
+Each user entry in this file contains the following information:
+
+* First name
+* Last name
+* E-mail address
+* Group memberships
+* An optional Expiration date
+* A comment or note about this user
+* Whether this user is enabled or disabled
+* Optional two factor authentication keys
+
+
+System administrator
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The system's root user can always log in via the Linux PAM realm and is an
+unconfined administrator. This user cannot be deleted, but attributes can
+still be changed and system mails will be sent to the email address
+assigned to this user.
+
+
+Groups
+~~~~~~
+
+Each user can be member of several groups. Groups are the preferred
+way to organize access permissions. You should always grant permission
+to groups instead of using individual users. That way you will get a
+much shorter access control list which is easier to handle.
+
+
[[authentication-realms]]
Authentication Realms
---------------------
host your own verification server].
-Terms and Definitions
+Permission Management
---------------------
+In order for a user to perform an action (such as listing, modifying or
+deleting a parts of a VM configuration), the user needs to have the
+appropriate permissions.
-Users
-~~~~~
-
-A Proxmox VE user name consists of two parts: `<userid>@<realm>`. The
-login screen on the GUI shows them a separate items, but it is
-internally used as single string.
-
-We store the following attribute for users (`/etc/pve/user.cfg`):
+{pve} uses a role and path based permission management system. An entry in
+the permissions table allows a user or group to take on a specific role
+when accessing an 'object' or 'path'. This means an such an access rule can
+be represented as a triple of '(path, user, role)' or '(path, group,
+role)', with the role containing a set of allowed actions, and the path
+representing the target of these actions.
-* first name
-* last name
-* email address
-* expiration date
-* flag to enable/disable account
-* comment
+Roles
+~~~~~
-Superuser
-^^^^^^^^^
+A role is simply a list of privileges. Proxmox VE comes with a number
+of predefined roles which satisfies most needs.
-The traditional unix superuser account is called `root@pam`. All
-system mails are forwarded to the email assigned to that account.
+* `Administrator`: has all privileges
+* `NoAccess`: has no privileges (used to forbid access)
+* `PVEAdmin`: can do most things, but miss rights to modify system settings (`Sys.PowerMgmt`, `Sys.Modify`, `Realm.Allocate`).
+* `PVEAuditor`: read only access
+* `PVEDatastoreAdmin`: create and allocate backup space and templates
+* `PVEDatastoreUser`: allocate backup space and view storage
+* `PVEPoolAdmin`: allocate pools
+* `PVESysAdmin`: User ACLs, audit, system console and system logs
+* `PVETemplateUser`: view and clone templates
+* `PVEUserAdmin`: user administration
+* `PVEVMAdmin`: fully administer VMs
+* `PVEVMUser`: view, backup, config CDROM, VM console, VM power management
+You can see the whole set of predefined roles on the GUI.
-Groups
-~~~~~~
+Adding new roles can currently only be done from the command line, like
+this:
-Each user can be member of several groups. Groups are the preferred
-way to organize access permissions. You should always grant permission
-to groups instead of using individual users. That way you will get a
-much shorter access control list which is easier to handle.
+[source,bash]
+----
+pveum roleadd PVE_Power-only -privs "VM.PowerMgmt VM.Console"
+pveum roleadd Sys_Power-only -privs "Sys.PowerMgmt Sys.Console"
+----
Objects and Paths
* `Datastore.Audit`: view/browse a datastore
-Roles
-~~~~~
-
-A role is simply a list of privileges. Proxmox VE comes with a number
-of predefined roles which satisfies most needs.
-
-* `Administrator`: has all privileges
-* `NoAccess`: has no privileges (used to forbid access)
-* `PVEAdmin`: can do most things, but miss rights to modify system settings (`Sys.PowerMgmt`, `Sys.Modify`, `Realm.Allocate`).
-* `PVEAuditor`: read only access
-* `PVEDatastoreAdmin`: create and allocate backup space and templates
-* `PVEDatastoreUser`: allocate backup space and view storage
-* `PVEPoolAdmin`: allocate pools
-* `PVESysAdmin`: User ACLs, audit, system console and system logs
-* `PVETemplateUser`: view and clone templates
-* `PVEUserAdmin`: user administration
-* `PVEVMAdmin`: fully administer VMs
-* `PVEVMUser`: view, backup, config CDROM, VM console, VM power management
-
-You can see the whole set of predefined roles on the GUI.
-
-Adding new roles using the CLI:
-
-[source,bash]
-----
-pveum roleadd PVE_Power-only -privs "VM.PowerMgmt VM.Console"
-pveum roleadd Sys_Power-only -privs "Sys.PowerMgmt Sys.Console"
-----
-
-
Permissions
~~~~~~~~~~~
permissions can be inherited down that tree (the propagate flag is set
by default). We use the following inheritance rules:
-* permission for individual users always overwrite group permission.
-* permission for groups apply when the user is member of that group.
-* permission set at higher level always overwrites inherited permissions.
-
-
-What permission do I need?
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-The required API permissions are documented for each individual
-method, and can be found at http://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/api-viewer/
+* Permissions for individual users always replace group permissions.
+* Permissions for groups apply when the user is member of that group.
+* Permissions replace the ones inherited from an upper level.
Pools
which are inherited to all pool members. This is a great way simplify
access control.
+
+What permission do I need?
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The required API permissions are documented for each individual
+method, and can be found at http://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/api-viewer/
+
+The permissions are specified as a list which can be interpreted as a
+tree of logic and access-check functions:
+
+`["and", <subtests>...]` and `["or", <subtests>...]`::
+Each(`and`) or any(`or`) further element in the current list has to be true.
+
+`["perm", <path>, [ <privileges>... ], <options>...]`::
+The `path` is a templated parameter (see <<templated-paths,Objects and
+Paths>>). All (or , if the `any` option is used, any) of the listed
+privileges must be allowed on the specified path. If a `require-param`
+option is specified, then its specified parameter is required even if the
+API call's schema otherwise lists it as being optional.
+
+`["userid-group", [ <privileges>... ], <options>...]`::
+The callermust have any of the listed privileges on `/access/groups`. In
+addition there are two possible checks depending on whether the
+`groups_param` option is set:
++
+* `groups_param` is set: The API call has a non-optional `groups` parameter
+and the caller must have any of the listed privileges on all of the listed
+groups.
+* `groups_param` is not set: The user passed via the `userid` parameter
+must exist and be part of a group on which the caller has any of the listed
+privileges (via the `/access/groups/<group>` path).
+
+`["userid-param", "self"]`::
+The value provided for the API call's `userid` parameter must refer to the
+user performing the action. (Usually in conjunction with `or`, to allow
+users to perform an action on themselves even if they don't have elevated
+privileges.)
+
+`["userid-param", "Realm.AllocateUser"]`::
+The user needs `Realm.AllocateUser` access to `/access/realm/<realm>`, with
+`<realm>` refering to the realm of the user passed via the `userid`
+parameter. Note that the user does not need to exist in order to be
+associated with a realm, since user IDs are passed in the form of
+`<username>@<realm>`.
+
+`["perm-modify", <path>]`::
+The `path` is a templated parameter (see <<templated-paths,Objects and
+Paths>>). The user needs either the `Permissions.Modify` privilege, or,
+depending on the path, the following privileges as a possible substitute:
++
+* `/storage/...`: additionally requires 'Datastore.Allocate`
+* `/vms/...`: additionally requires 'VM.Allocate`
+* `/pool/...`: additionally requires 'Pool.Allocate`
++
+If the path is empty, `Permission.Modify` on `/access` is required.
+
Command Line Tool
-----------------
projects / pve-docs.git / blobdiff