X-Git-Url: https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-docs.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=pve-firewall.adoc;h=19d9766e8a8e0cf918e79e7397553c0789f26176;hp=7393e1205fe8e1ea23cfe506f75b7fdf0d6d4cc8;hb=e300cf7dabefee4420ff2be46bf64d0c38a52d8a;hpb=78ef35dc78d5dc73c029f1c6e3024e34656e4c2f diff --git a/pve-firewall.adoc b/pve-firewall.adoc index 7393e12..19d9766 100644 --- a/pve-firewall.adoc +++ b/pve-firewall.adoc @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ include::attributes.txt[] NAME ---- -pve-firewall - The PVE Firewall Daemon +pve-firewall - PVE Firewall Daemon SYNOPSYS @@ -25,23 +25,18 @@ ifndef::manvolnum[] include::attributes.txt[] endif::manvolnum[] -// Copied from pve wiki: Revision as of 08:45, 9 November 2015 - Proxmox VE Firewall provides an easy way to protect your IT -infrastructure. You can easily setup firewall rules for all hosts +infrastructure. You can setup firewall rules for all hosts inside a cluster, or define rules for virtual machines and containers. Features like firewall macros, security groups, IP sets -and aliases help making that task easier. +and aliases help to make that task easier. While all configuration is stored on the cluster file system, the -iptables based firewall runs on each cluster node, and thus provides +`iptables`-based firewall runs on each cluster node, and thus provides full isolation between virtual machines. The distributed nature of this system also provides much higher bandwidth than a central firewall solution. -NOTE: If you enable the firewall, all traffic is blocked by default, -except WebGUI(8006) and ssh(22) from your local network. - The firewall has full support for IPv4 and IPv6. IPv6 support is fully transparent, and we filter traffic for both protocols by default. So there is no need to maintain a different set of rules for IPv6. @@ -69,16 +64,18 @@ Configuration Files All firewall related configuration is stored on the proxmox cluster file system. So those files are automatically distributed to all -cluster nodes, and the 'pve-firewall' service updates the underlying -iptables rules automatically on changes. Any configuration can be -done using the GUI (i.e. Datacenter -> Firewall -> Options tab (tabs -at the bottom of the page), or on a Node -> Firewall), so the -following configuration file snippets are just for completeness. - -All firewall configuration files contains sections of key-value -pairs. Lines beginning with a '#' and blank lines are considered +cluster nodes, and the `pve-firewall` service updates the underlying +`iptables` rules automatically on changes. + +You can configure anything using the GUI (i.e. *Datacenter* -> *Firewall*, +or on a *Node* -> *Firewall*), or you can edit the configuration files +directly using your preferred editor. + +Firewall configuration files contains sections of key-value +pairs. Lines beginning with a `#` and blank lines are considered comments. Sections starts with a header line containing the section -name enclosed in '[' and ']'. +name enclosed in `[` and `]`. + Cluster Wide Setup ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -89,13 +86,33 @@ The cluster wide firewall configuration is stored at: The configuration can contain the following sections: -'[OPTIONS]':: +`[OPTIONS]`:: This is used to set cluster wide firewall options. include::pve-firewall-cluster-opts.adoc[] -NOTE: The firewall is completely disabled by default, so you need to +`[RULES]`:: + +This sections contains cluster wide firewall rules for all nodes. + +`[IPSET ]`:: + +Cluster wide IP set definitions. + +`[GROUP ]`:: + +Cluster wide security group definitions. + +`[ALIASES]`:: + +Cluster wide Alias definitions. + + +Enabling the Firewall +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The firewall is completely disabled by default, so you need to set the enable option here: ---- @@ -104,45 +121,47 @@ set the enable option here: enable: 1 ---- -'[RULES]':: +IMPORTANT: If you enable the firewall, traffic to all hosts is blocked by +default. Only exceptions is WebGUI(8006) and ssh(22) from your local +network. -This sections contains cluster wide firewall rules for all nodes. +If you want to administrate your {pve} hosts from remote, you +need to create rules to allow traffic from those remote IPs to the web +GUI (port 8006). You may also want to allow ssh (port 22), and maybe +SPICE (port 3128). -'[IPSET ]':: +TIP: Please open a SSH connection to one of your {PVE} hosts before +enabling the firewall. That way you still have access to the host if +something goes wrong . -Cluster wide IP set definitions. +To simplify that task, you can instead create an IPSet called +``management'', and add all remote IPs there. This creates all required +firewall rules to access the GUI from remote. -'[GROUP ]':: - -Cluster wide security group definitions. -'[ALIASES]':: - -Cluster wide Alias definitions. - -Host specific Configuration +Host Specific Configuration ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Host related configuration is read from: /etc/pve/nodes//host.fw -This is useful if you want to overwrite rules from 'cluster.fw' +This is useful if you want to overwrite rules from `cluster.fw` config. You can also increase log verbosity, and set netfilter related options. The configuration can contain the following sections: -'[OPTIONS]':: +`[OPTIONS]`:: This is used to set host related firewall options. include::pve-firewall-host-opts.adoc[] -'[RULES]':: +`[RULES]`:: This sections contains host specific firewall rules. -VM/Container configuration +VM/Container Configuration ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ VM firewall configuration is read from: @@ -151,21 +170,21 @@ VM firewall configuration is read from: and contains the following data: -'[OPTIONS]':: +`[OPTIONS]`:: This is used to set VM/Container related firewall options. include::pve-firewall-vm-opts.adoc[] -'[RULES]':: +`[RULES]`:: This sections contains VM/Container firewall rules. -'[IPSET ]':: +`[IPSET ]`:: IP set definitions. -'[ALIASES]':: +`[ALIASES]`:: IP Alias definitions. @@ -173,8 +192,13 @@ IP Alias definitions. Enabling the Firewall for VMs and Containers ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -You need to enable the firewall on the virtual network interface configuration -in addition to the general 'Enable Firewall' option in the 'Options' tab. +Each virtual network device has its own firewall enable flag. So you +can selectively enable the firewall for each interface. This is +required in addition to the general firewall `enable` option. + +The firewall requires a special network device setup, so you need to +restart the VM/container after enabling the firewall on a network +interface. Firewall Rules @@ -182,7 +206,8 @@ Firewall Rules Firewall rules consists of a direction (`IN` or `OUT`) and an action (`ACCEPT`, `DENY`, `REJECT`). You can also specify a macro -name. Macros contain predifined sets of rules and options. Rules can be disabled by prefixing them with '|'. +name. Macros contain predefined sets of rules and options. Rules can be +disabled by prefixing them with `|`. .Firewall rules syntax ---- @@ -216,12 +241,13 @@ IN DROP # drop all incoming packages OUT ACCEPT # accept all outgoing packages ---- + Security Groups --------------- A security group is a collection of rules, defined at cluster level, which can be used in all VMs' rules. For example you can define a group named -`webserver` with rules to open the http and https ports. +``webserver'' with rules to open the 'http' and 'https' ports. ---- # /etc/pve/firewall/cluster.fw @@ -250,7 +276,8 @@ name. You can then refer to those names: * inside IP set definitions * in `source` and `dest` properties of firewall rules -Standard IP alias `local_network` + +Standard IP Alias `local_network` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This alias is automatically defined. Please use the following command @@ -267,7 +294,7 @@ using detected local_network: 192.168.0.0/20 The firewall automatically sets up rules to allow everything needed for cluster communication (corosync, API, SSH) using this alias. -The user can overwrite these values in the cluster.fw alias +The user can overwrite these values in the `cluster.fw` alias section. If you use a single host on a public network, it is better to explicitly assign the local IP address @@ -277,6 +304,7 @@ explicitly assign the local IP address local_network 1.2.3.4 # use the single ip address ---- + IP Sets ------- @@ -289,11 +317,12 @@ set. IN HTTP(ACCEPT) -source +management + Standard IP set `management` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This IP set applies only to host firewalls (not VM firewalls). Those -ips are allowed to do normal management tasks (PVE GUI, VNC, SPICE, +IPs are allowed to do normal management tasks (PVE GUI, VNC, SPICE, SSH). The local cluster network is automatically added to this IP set (alias @@ -308,10 +337,11 @@ communication. (multicast,ssh,...) 192.168.2.10/24 ---- -Standard IP set 'blacklist' + +Standard IP set `blacklist` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Traffic from these ips is dropped by every host's and VM's firewall. +Traffic from these IPs is dropped by every host's and VM's firewall. ---- # /etc/pve/firewall/cluster.fw @@ -321,8 +351,9 @@ Traffic from these ips is dropped by every host's and VM's firewall. 213.87.123.0/24 ---- + [[ipfilter-section]] -Standard IP set 'ipfilter-net*' +Standard IP set `ipfilter-net*` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ These filters belong to a VM's network interface and are mainly used to prevent @@ -331,7 +362,7 @@ with a source IP not matching its interface's corresponding ipfilter set will be dropped. For containers with configured IP addresses these sets, if they exist (or are -activated via the general `IP Filter` option in the VM's firewall's 'options' +activated via the general `IP Filter` option in the VM's firewall's *options* tab), implicitly contain the associated IP addresses. For both virtual machines and containers they also implicitly contain the @@ -354,7 +385,7 @@ The firewall runs two service daemons on each node: * pvefw-logger: NFLOG daemon (ulogd replacement). * pve-firewall: updates iptables rules -There is also a CLI command named 'pve-firewall', which can be used to +There is also a CLI command named `pve-firewall`, which can be used to start and stop the firewall service: # pve-firewall start @@ -379,12 +410,12 @@ How to allow FTP ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FTP is an old style protocol which uses port 21 and several other dynamic ports. So you -need a rule to accept port 21. In addition, you need to load the 'ip_conntrack_ftp' module. +need a rule to accept port 21. In addition, you need to load the `ip_conntrack_ftp` module. So please run: modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp -and add `ip_conntrack_ftp` to '/etc/modules' (so that it works after a reboot) . +and add `ip_conntrack_ftp` to `/etc/modules` (so that it works after a reboot). Suricata IPS integration @@ -405,7 +436,7 @@ Install suricata on proxmox host: # modprobe nfnetlink_queue ---- -Don't forget to add `nfnetlink_queue` to '/etc/modules' for next reboot. +Don't forget to add `nfnetlink_queue` to `/etc/modules` for next reboot. Then, enable IPS for a specific VM with: @@ -426,8 +457,9 @@ Available queues are defined in NFQUEUE=0 ---- -Avoiding link-local addresses on tap and veth devices -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Avoiding `link-local` Addresses on `tap` and `veth` Devices +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With IPv6 enabled by default every interface gets a MAC-derived link local address. However, most devices on a typical {pve} setup are connected to a @@ -459,12 +491,31 @@ net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 0 ---- # /etc/network/interfaces (...) +# Dual stack: +iface vmbr0 inet static + address 1.2.3.4 + netmask 255.255.255.128 + gateway 1.2.3.5 iface vmbr0 inet6 static address fc00::31 netmask 16 gateway fc00::1 accept_ra 0 pre-up echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/$IFACE/disable_ipv6 + +# With IPv6-only 'pre-up' is too early and 'up' is too late. +# Work around this by creating the bridge manually +iface vmbr1 inet manual + pre-up ip link add $IFACE type bridge + up echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/$IFACE/disable_ipv6 +iface vmbr1 inet6 static + address fc00:b:3::1 + netmask 96 + bridge_ports none + bridge_stp off + bridge_fd 0 + bridge_vlan_aware yes + accept_ra 0 (...) ---- @@ -476,23 +527,23 @@ The firewall contains a few IPv6 specific options. One thing to note is that IPv6 does not use the ARP protocol anymore, and instead uses NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) which works on IP level and thus needs IP addresses to succeed. For this purpose link-local addresses derived from the interface's MAC -address are used. By default the 'NDP' option is enabled on both host and VM +address are used. By default the `NDP` option is enabled on both host and VM level to allow neighbor discovery (NDP) packets to be sent and received. Beside neighbor discovery NDP is also used for a couple of other things, like autoconfiguration and advertising routers. By default VMs are allowed to send out router solicitation messages (to query -for a router), and to receive router advetisement packets. This allows them to +for a router), and to receive router advertisement packets. This allows them to use stateless auto configuration. On the other hand VMs cannot advertise -themselves as routers unless the 'Allow Router Advertisement' (`radv: 1`) option +themselves as routers unless the ``Allow Router Advertisement'' (`radv: 1`) option is set. -As for the link local addresses required for NDP, there's also an 'IP Filter' +As for the link local addresses required for NDP, there's also an ``IP Filter'' (`ipfilter: 1`) option which can be enabled which has the same effect as adding an `ipfilter-net*` ipset for each of the VM's network interfaces containing the corresponding link local addresses. (See the -<> section for details.) +<> section for details.) Ports used by Proxmox VE @@ -503,7 +554,7 @@ Ports used by Proxmox VE * SPICE proxy: 3128 * sshd (used for cluster actions): 22 * rpcbind: 111 -* corosync multicast (if you run a cluster): 5404, 5405 UDP +* corosync multicast (if you run a cluster): 5404, 5405 UDP ifdef::manvolnum[]