X-Git-Url: https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-docs.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=pve-installation.adoc;h=14d51e8a54ed3143b498128c56949e397b4b6ce3;hp=ce11c934bbdbcd2b9af30c74471413a10a228c92;hb=168665d4d45a09ef5dcf43b2283ca2f5e7604400;hpb=a1856f276981975175b3cea76f47915641936326 diff --git a/pve-installation.adoc b/pve-installation.adoc index ce11c93..14d51e8 100644 --- a/pve-installation.adoc +++ b/pve-installation.adoc @@ -1,6 +1,5 @@ Installing Proxmox VE ===================== -include::attributes.txt[] ifndef::manvolnum[] :pve-toplevel: endif::manvolnum[] @@ -8,17 +7,19 @@ ifdef::wiki[] :title: Installation endif::wiki[] -{pve} is based on Debian and comes with an installation CD-ROM -which includes a complete Debian ("jessie" for Proxmox VE 4.x) system as -well as all necessary Proxmox VE packages. The -installer just asks you a few questions, then partitions the local +{pve} is based on Debian and comes with an installation CD-ROM +which includes a complete Debian system ("stretch" for version 5.x) as +well as all necessary {pve} packages. + +The installer just asks you a few questions, then partitions the local disk(s), installs all required packages, and configures the system including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system -within a few minutes. This is the preferred and recommended installation method. +within a few minutes. This is the preferred and recommended +installation method. -Alternatively, Proxmox VE can be installed on top of an existing Debian system. -This option is only recommended for advanced users since detail knowledge about -Proxmox VE is necessary. +Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian +system. This option is only recommended for advanced users since +detail knowledge about {pve} is necessary. ifndef::wiki[] @@ -30,17 +31,25 @@ endif::wiki[] Using the {pve} Installation CD-ROM ----------------------------------- -Includes the following: +You can download the ISO from {website}en/downloads. +It includes the following: + +* Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) + +* The {pve} installer, which partitions the hard drive(s) with ext4, + ext3, xfs or ZFS and installs the operating system. + +* {pve} kernel (Linux) with LXC and KVM support + +* Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and + all necessary resources -* Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit, "jessie" for {pve} 4.x) -* Partitioning of the hard drive(s) containing the OS with ext4, ext3, xfs or ZFS -* {pve} Kernel derived from Unbuntu 16.04 LTS with LXC and KVM support -* Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and all necessary resources * Web based management interface for using the toolset +NOTE: During the installation process, the complete server +is used by default and all existing data is removed. -NOTE: By default, the complete server is used and all existing data is -removed. +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] Please insert the installation CD-ROM, then boot from that drive. Immediately afterwards you can choose the following menu @@ -50,6 +59,11 @@ Install Proxmox VE:: Start normal installation. +TIP: It is possible to only use the keyboard to progress through the +installation wizard. Buttons can be pressed by pressing down the `ALT` +key, combined with the underlined character from the respective Button. +For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. + Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode):: Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several @@ -71,6 +85,8 @@ Test Memory:: Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is functional and error free. +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] + You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation. After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which @@ -78,19 +94,54 @@ defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`, `ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to restrict LVM space (see <>) -If you have more than one disk, you can also use ZFS as file system. -ZFS supports several software RAID levels, so this is specially useful -if you do not have a hardware RAID controller. The `Options` button -lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and you can choose disks there. +You can also use ZFS as file system. ZFS supports several software RAID +levels, so this is specially useful if you do not have a hardware RAID +controller. The `Options` button lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and +you can choose disks there. Additionally you can set additional options (see +<>). + +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] + +The next page just ask for basic configuration options like your +location, the time zone and keyboard layout. The location is used to +select a download server near you to speedup updates. The installer is +usually able to auto detect those setting, so you only need to change +them in rare situations when auto detection fails, or when you want to +use some special keyboard layout not commonly used in your country. + +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] -The next pages just ask for basic configuration options like time -zone and keyboard layout. You also need to specify your email address -and superuser (root) password (must have at least 5 characters). +You then need to specify an email address and the superuser (root) +password. The password must have at least 5 characters, but we highly +recommend to use stronger passwords - here are some guidelines: + +- Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. + +- Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols. + +- Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, dictionary words, + letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, + romantic links (current or past) and biographical information (e.g., + ID numbers, ancestors' names or dates). + +It is sometimes necessary to send notification to the system +administrator, for example: + +- Information about available package updates. + +- Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. + +All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email +address. + +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation. +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] + If you press `Next` now, installation starts to format disks, and copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished, then reboot the server. @@ -119,26 +170,74 @@ and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). `swapsize`:: -To define the size of the `swap` volume. Default is the same size as -installed RAM, with 4GB minimum and `hdsize/8` as maximum. +Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the +installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot +be greater than `hdsize/8`. ++ +NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. `maxroot`:: -The `root` volume size. The `root` volume stores the whole operation -system. +Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation +system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. `maxvz`:: -Define the size of the `data` volume. +Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` +volume is: ++ +`datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` ++ +Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. ++ +NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` +is bigger than 4GB. ++ +NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage +configuration will be adapted accordingly. `minfree`:: -To define the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`. -16GB is the default if storage available > 128GB, `hdsize/8` otherwise. +Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`. +With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` +will be used. + NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not required for lvmthin snapshots). +[[advanced_zfs_options]] +Advanced ZFS Configuration Options +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The installer creates a ZFS pool `rpool`. When selecting ZFS, no swap space is +created by default. You can leave some unpartitioned space for swap or create +a swap zvol after installation, though the latter can lead to problems +(see <>). + +`ashift`:: + +Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs +to be set at least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to +the power of `ashift` is the sector-size), or any disk, +which might be put in the pool (e.g. during replacing a defective disk). + +`compress`:: + +Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`. + +`checksum`:: + +Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`. + +`copies`:: + +Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the +semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level. + +`hdsize`:: + +Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free +space on the HD for further partitioning (e.g. for creating a swap-partition). + ZFS Performance Tips ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -156,8 +255,8 @@ installation using the following command: ifdef::wiki[] -link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Jessie[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Jessie] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Stretch] +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick] --------------------------------------------------------- @@ -187,8 +286,8 @@ configuration is also completely up to you. In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or ZFS. -You can find a detailed step by step howto on the -{webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Jessie[wiki]. +You can find a detailed step by step how-to guide on the +{webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki]. include::pve-usbstick.adoc[]