X-Git-Url: https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-docs.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=pve-installation.adoc;h=691d236941690927eb7f4f36de91eb9264dc8ba4;hp=cf32851f55cfecb2e1c33ae8fcdab97b33daec80;hb=dd1aa0e01624f5927fb65143c9a070672ccbeb92;hpb=cdf58596f8d8e7363a5bff6f1909f1299952bd7f diff --git a/pve-installation.adoc b/pve-installation.adoc index cf32851..691d236 100644 --- a/pve-installation.adoc +++ b/pve-installation.adoc @@ -1,46 +1,71 @@ Installing Proxmox VE ---------------------- -include::attributes.txt[] +===================== +ifndef::manvolnum[] +:pve-toplevel: +endif::manvolnum[] +ifdef::wiki[] +:title: Installation +endif::wiki[] -{pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can simply install it -on top of a normal Debian installation, or download the installation -CD-ROM and use that to install {pve} on your hardware. +{pve} is based on Debian, therefore the disk image (ISO file) provided +by us includes a complete Debian system ("stretch" for version 5.x) as +well as all necessary {pve} packages. -Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but -it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you -know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network -configuration is also completely up to you. +Using the installer will guide you through the setup, allowing +you to partition the local disk(s), apply basic system configurations +(e.g. timezone, language, network) and install all required packages. +Using the provided ISO will get you started in just a few minutes, +that's why we recommend this method for new and existing users. -In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or -ZFS. This is why we provide an installation CD-ROM for {pve}. That -installer just ask you a few questions, then partitions the local -disk(s), installs all required packages and configures the system -including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system -within a few minutes, including the following: +Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian +system. This option is only recommended for advanced users since +detailed knowledge about {pve} is necessary. + +ifndef::wiki[] + +include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] + +endif::wiki[] + + +Using the {pve} Installer +------------------------- + +You can download the ISO from {website}en/downloads. +It includes the following: * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) -* Partition the hard drive with ext4 (alternative ext3 or xfs) or ZFS -* {pve} Kernel with LXC and KVM support -* Complete toolset -* Web based management interface +* The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4, + ext3, xfs or ZFS and installs the operating system. + +* {pve} kernel (Linux) with LXC and KVM support -Using the {pve} Installation CD-ROM -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and + all necessary resources -This is the preferred and recommended installation method. +* Web based management interface for using the toolset -NOTE: By default, the complete server is used and all existing data is -removed. +NOTE: During the installation process, the complete server +is used by default and all existing data is removed. -Please insert the installation CD-ROM, then boot from that -drive. Immediately afterwards you can choose the following menu -options: +Please insert the installation media (e.g. USB stick, CD-ROM) and boot +from it. + +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] + +After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu +will be displayed, you can now select one of the following options: Install Proxmox VE:: Start normal installation. +TIP: It is possible to only use the keyboard to progress through the +installation wizard. Buttons can be pressed by pressing down the `ALT` +key, combined with the underlined character from the respective Button. +For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. + Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode):: Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several @@ -62,6 +87,8 @@ Test Memory:: Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is functional and error free. +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] + You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation. After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which @@ -69,27 +96,61 @@ defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`, `ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to restrict LVM space (see <>) -If you have more than one disk, you can also use ZFS as file system. -ZFS supports several software RAID levels, so this is specially useful -if you do not have a hardware RAID controller. The `Options` button -lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and you can choose disks there. +You can also use ZFS as file system. ZFS supports several software RAID +levels, so this is specially useful if you do not have a hardware RAID +controller. The `Options` button lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and +you can choose disks there. Additionally you can set additional options (see +<>). + +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] + +The next page just asks for basic configuration options like your +location, the time zone and keyboard layout. The location is used to +select a download server near you to speed up updates. The installer is +usually able to auto detect those settings, so you only need to change +them in rare situations when auto detection fails, or when you want to +use some special keyboard layout not commonly used in your country. + +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] + +You then need to specify an email address and the superuser (root) +password. The password must have at least 5 characters, but we highly +recommend to use stronger passwords - here are some guidelines: + +- Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. + +- Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols. + +- Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, dictionary words, + letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, + romantic links (current or past) and biographical information (e.g., + ID numbers, ancestors' names or dates). + +It is sometimes necessary to send notifications to the system +administrator, for example: + +- Information about available package updates. + +- Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. + +All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email +address. -The next pages just ask for basic configuration options like time -zone and keyboard layout. You also need to specify your email address -and superuser (root) password (must have at least 5 characters). +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation. +[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] + If you press `Next` now, installation starts to format disks, and copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished, -then reboot the server. +then remove the installation media and restart your system. Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just point your browser to the IP address given during installation -(https://youripaddress:8006). {pve} is tested for IE9, Firefox 10 -and higher, and Google Chrome. +(https://youripaddress:8006). NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is defined during the installation process. @@ -97,7 +158,7 @@ defined during the installation process. [[advanced_lvm_options]] Advanced LVM Configuration Options -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data` and `swap`. The size of @@ -111,29 +172,79 @@ and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). `swapsize`:: -To define the size of the `swap` volume. Default is the same size as -installed RAM, with 4GB minimum and `hdsize/8` as maximum. +Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the +installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot +be greater than `hdsize/8`. ++ +NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. `maxroot`:: -The `root` volume size. The `root` volume stores the whole operation -system. +Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation +system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. `maxvz`:: -Define the size of the `data` volume. +Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` +volume is: ++ +`datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` ++ +Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. ++ +NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` +is bigger than 4GB. ++ +NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage +configuration will be adapted accordingly. `minfree`:: -To define the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`. -16GB is the default if storage available > 128GB, `hdsize/8` otherwise. +Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`. +With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` +will be used. + NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not required for lvmthin snapshots). +[[advanced_zfs_options]] +Advanced ZFS Configuration Options +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The installer creates a ZFS pool `rpool`. When selecting ZFS, no swap space is +created by default. You can leave some unpartitioned space for swap or create +a swap zvol after installation, though the latter can lead to problems +(see <>). + +`ashift`:: + +Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs +to be set at least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to +the power of `ashift` is the sector-size), or any disk, +which might be put in the pool (e.g. during replacing a defective disk). + +`compress`:: + +Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`. + +`checksum`:: + +Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`. + +`copies`:: + +Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the +semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level. + +`hdsize`:: + +Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free +space on the HD(s) for further partitioning (e.g. for creating a swap-partition). +`hdsize` is only honored for bootable disks, i.e., only the first disk or +mirror for RAID0, RAID1 or RAID10, and all disks in RAID-Z[123]. + ZFS Performance Tips -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB @@ -148,19 +259,25 @@ installation using the following command: ifdef::wiki[] -link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Jessie[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Jessie] -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick] +--------------------------------------------------------- + +link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Stretch] +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- endif::wiki[] ifndef::wiki[] +include::pve-usbstick.adoc[] + Install {pve} on Debian -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +----------------------- -{pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can simply install it -on top of a normal Debian installation. After configuring the -repositories, you need to run: +{pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it +on top of a standard Debian installation. +xref:sysadmin_package_repositories[After configuring the repositories], you +need to run: [source,bash] ---- @@ -168,16 +285,24 @@ apt-get update apt-get install proxmox-ve ---- -You can find a detailed step by step howto on the {pve} -http://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Jessie[wiki]. +Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but +it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you +know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network +configuration is also completely up to you. -endif::wiki[] +In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or +ZFS. + +You can find a detailed step by step how-to guide on the +{webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki]. +endif::wiki[] + ifdef::wiki[] Video Tutorials -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +--------------- * List of all official tutorials on our http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[Proxmox VE YouTube Channel] @@ -188,7 +313,9 @@ Video Tutorials See Also -~~~~~~~~ +-------- + +* link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories]