X-Git-Url: https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-docs.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=sysadmin.adoc;h=e04561029cad6f24311da7999401c4951530501e;hp=a543e7e39fabc980be7523cbf977ca322f735d74;hb=a45c999b4586734621bbc968d67f87390739b270;hpb=f6733ab323a95b8441ddc75996b3c720c832eab3 diff --git a/sysadmin.adoc b/sysadmin.adoc index a543e7e..e045610 100644 --- a/sysadmin.adoc +++ b/sysadmin.adoc @@ -1,11 +1,15 @@ +[[chapter_system_administration]] Host System Administration ========================== +ifndef::manvolnum[] +:pve-toplevel: +endif::manvolnum[] {pve} is based on the famous https://www.debian.org/[Debian] Linux distribution. That means that you have access to the whole world of Debian packages, and the base system is well documented. The https://debian-handbook.info/download/stable/debian-handbook.pdf[Debian -Administrator\'s Handbook] is available online, and provide a +Administrator\'s Handbook] is available online, and provides a comprehensive introduction to the Debian operating system (see xref:Hertzog13[]). @@ -22,316 +26,61 @@ For example, we ship Intel network card drivers to support their newest hardware. The following sections will concentrate on virtualization related -topics. They either explains things which are different on {pve}, or +topics. They either explain things which are different on {pve}, or tasks which are commonly used on {pve}. For other topics, please refer to the standard Debian documentation. -System requirements -------------------- -For production servers, high quality server equipment is needed. Keep -in mind, if you run 10 Virtual Servers on one machine and you then -experience a hardware failure, 10 services are lost. {pve} -supports clustering, this means that multiple {pve} installations -can be centrally managed thanks to the included cluster functionality. +ifdef::wiki[] -{pve} can use local storage (DAS), SAN, NAS and also distributed -storage (Ceph RBD). For details see xref:chapter-storage[chapter storage]. +See Also +-------- -Minimum requirements, for evaluation -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] -* CPU: 64bit (Intel EMT64 or AMD64) +* link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] -* RAM: 1 GB RAM +* link:/wiki/System_Software_Updates[System Software Updates] -* Hard drive +* link:/wiki/External_Metric_Server[External Metric Server] -* One NIC +* link:/wiki/Disk_Health_Monitoring[Disk Health Monitoring] -Recommended system requirements -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +* link:/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(LVM)[Logical Volume Manager (LVM)] -* CPU: 64bit (Intel EMT64 or AMD64), Multi core CPU recommended +* link:/wiki/ZFS_on_Linux[ZFS on Linux] -* RAM: 8 GB is good, more is better +* link:/wiki/Certificate_Management[Certificate Management] +endif::wiki[] -* Hardware RAID with batteries protected write cache (BBU) or flash - based protection -* Fast hard drives, best results with 15k rpm SAS, Raid10 +ifndef::wiki[] -* At least two NIC´s, depending on the used storage technology you need more +include::pve-package-repos.adoc[] +include::system-software-updates.adoc[] -Getting Help ------------- +include::pve-network.adoc[] -There are basically two different support channels. {pve} itself if -fully open source, so we always encourage our users to discuss and -share their knowledge using the http://forum.proxmox.com/[Community -Support Forum]. The forum is fully moderated by the Proxmox support -team. Up to now, the forum has about 25.000 members, and more than -120.000 messages. Needless to say that such a large forum is a great -place to get information. +include::system-timesync.adoc[] -The second channel is the commercial support provided by -{proxmoxGmbh}. {pve} server subscriptions can be ordered online, see -http://shop.maurer-it.com[{pve} Shop]. For all details see -http://www.proxmox.com/proxmox-ve/pricing[{pve} Subscription Service -Plans]. +include::pve-external-metric-server.adoc[] -Please contact the mailto:office@proxmox.com[Proxmox sales team] for -commercial support requests or volume discounts. +include::pve-disk-health-monitoring.adoc[] -Package Repositories --------------------- +include::local-lvm.adoc[] -All Debian based systems use -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool[APT] as package -management tool. The list of repositories is defined in -'/etc/apt/sources.list' and '.list' files found inside -'/etc/apt/sources.d/'. Updates can be installed directly using -'apt-get', or via the GUI. +include::local-zfs.adoc[] -Apt 'sources.list' files lists one package repository per line, with -the most preferred source listed first. Empty lines are ignored, and a -'#' character anywhere on a line marks the remainder of that line as a -comment. The information available from the configured sources is -acquired by 'apt-get update'. +include::certificate-management.adoc[] -.File '/etc/apt/sources.list' ----- -deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib +include::system-booting.adoc[] -# security updates -deb http://security.debian.org jessie/updates main contrib ----- +endif::wiki[] -In addition, {pve} provides three different package repositories. - -{pve} Enterprise Repository -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -This is the default, stable and recommended repository, available for -all {pve} subscription users. It contains the most stable packages, -and is suitable for production use. You need a valid subscription key -to access this repository. The `pve-enterprise` repository is enabled -by default: - -.File '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-enterprise.list' ----- -deb https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian jessie pve-enterprise ----- - -NOTE: You can disable this repository by commenting out the above line -using a '#' (at the start of the line). This prevents error messages -if you do not have a subscription key. Please configure the -`pve-no-subscription` repository in that case. - -As soon as updates are available, the `root@pam` user is notified via -email about the available new packages. On the GUI, the change-log of -each package can be viewed (if available), showing all details of the -update. So you will never miss important security fixes. - -{pve} No-Subscription Repository -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -As the name suggests, you do not need a subscription key to access -this repository. It can be used for testing and non-production -use. Its not recommended to run on production servers, as these -packages are not always heavily tested and validated. - -We recommend to configure this repository in '/etc/apt/sources.list'. - -.File '/etc/apt/sources.list' ----- -deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib - -# PVE pve-no-subscription repository provided by proxmox.com, -# NOT recommended for production use -deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian jessie pve-no-subscription - -# security updates -deb http://security.debian.org jessie/updates main contrib ----- - - -{pve} Test Repository -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Finally, there is a repository called `pvetest`. This one contains the -latest packages and is heavily used by developers to test new -features. As usual, you can configure this using -'/etc/apt/sources.list' by adding the following line: - -.sources.list entry for `pvetest` ----- -deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian jessie pvetest ----- - - -Installing {pve} ----------------- - -{pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can simply install it -on top of a normal Debian installation. After configuring the -repositories, you need to run: - -[source,bash] ----- -apt-get update -apt-get install proxmox-ve ----- - -While this looks easy, it presumes that you have correctly installed -the base system, and you know how you want to configure and use the -local storage. Network configuration is also completely up to you. - -In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or -ZFS. This is why we provide an installation CD-ROM for {pve}. That -installer just ask you a few questions, then partitions the local -disk(s), installs all required packages, and configures the system -including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system -within a few minutes, including the following: - -* Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) -* Partition the hard drive with ext4 (alternative ext3 or xfs) or ZFS -* {pve} Kernel with LXC and KVM support -* Complete toolset -* Web based management interface - -NOTE: By default, the complete server is used and all existing data is -removed. - -Using the {pve} Installation CD-ROM -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Please insert the installation CD-ROM, then boot from that -drive. Immediately afterwards you can choose the following menu -options: - -Install Proxmox VE:: - -Start normal installation. - -Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode):: - -Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several -installation steps, so that you can debug things if something goes -wrong. Please press `CTRL-D` to exit those debug consoles and continue -installation. This option is mostly for developers and not meant for -general use. - -Test Memory:: - -Runs 'memtest86+'. This is useful to check if your memory if -functional and error free. - -You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation. - -After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The -`Options` button aside lets you select the target file system, and -defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select 'ext3', -'ext4' or 'xfs' as file system, and offers additional option to -restrict LVM space. - - -.Advanced LVM configuration options -**** -The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional -Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data` and `swap`. The size of -those volumes can be controlled with: - -`hdsize`:: - -Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free -space on the HD for further partitioning (i.e. for an additional PV -and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). - -`swapsize`:: - -To define the size of the `swap` volume. Default is the same size as -installed RAM, with 4GB minimum and `hdsize/8` as maximum. - -`maxroot`:: - -The `root` volume size. The `root` volume stores the whole operation -system. - -`maxvz`:: - -Define the size of the `data` volume, which is mounted at -'/var/lib/vz'. - -`minfree`:: - -To define the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`. -16GB is the default if storage available > 128GB, `hdsize/8` otherwise. -+ -NOTE: LVM requires free space for snapshot creation. -**** - -If you have more than one disk, you can also use ZFS as file system. -ZFS supports several software RAID levels, so this is specially useful -if you do not have a hardware RAID controller. - -.ZFS Performance Tips -**** -ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional 8-16GB RAM -if you want to use ZFS. - -.Use fast SSD as write cache - -ZFS provides the feature to use a fast SSD drive as write cache. The -write cache is called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). You can add that after -installation using the following command: - - zpool add log -**** - -The next pages just asks for basic configuration options like time -zone and keyboard layout. You also need to specify your email address -and select a superuser password. - -The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can -use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a -dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation. - -If you press `Next` now, installation starts to format disks, and -copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished, -then reboot the server. - -Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just -point your browser to the IP address given during installation -(https://youripaddress:8006). {pve} is tested for IE9, Firefox 10 -and higher, Google Chrome (latest). - - -Network Configuration ---------------------- - -Basic network setup. - -image::images/cluster-nwdiag.svg[{pve} Cluster Network] - -image::images/node-nwdiag.svg[{pve} Default Network Setup] - - -Local Storage -------------- - -Logical Volume Manager (LVM) -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -TODO: info about LVM. - - -ZFS on Linux -~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -TODO: info about ZFS. +//// +TODO: Working with 'systemd' ---------------------- @@ -341,9 +90,4 @@ Journal and syslog TODO: explain persistent journal... - - - - - - +////