X-Git-Url: https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-firewall.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2FPVE%2FFirewall.pm;h=ef54621a5d3a9455bb0bc60a3001b36dc46a9837;hp=1b83334c170ea293402a3364e866f31d04b3ff4e;hb=0362a1adeee64bc70719b4f3d99805b09e8cd63d;hpb=9a2745a07ef3912afa42415c639c2069a1d08c7d

diff --git a/src/PVE/Firewall.pm b/src/PVE/Firewall.pm
index 1b83334..ef54621 100644
--- a/src/PVE/Firewall.pm
+++ b/src/PVE/Firewall.pm
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ use Data::Dumper;
 use Digest::SHA;
 use PVE::INotify;
 use PVE::Exception qw(raise raise_param_exc);
-use PVE::JSONSchema qw(get_standard_option);
+use PVE::JSONSchema qw(register_standard_option get_standard_option);
 use PVE::Cluster;
 use PVE::ProcFSTools;
-use PVE::Tools;
+use PVE::Tools qw($IPV4RE);
 use File::Basename;
 use File::Path;
 use IO::File;
 use Net::IP;
-use PVE::Tools qw(run_command lock_file);
+use PVE::Tools qw(run_command lock_file dir_glob_foreach);
 use Encode;
 
 my $hostfw_conf_filename = "/etc/pve/local/host.fw";
@@ -35,6 +35,53 @@ eval {
     $have_pve_manager = 1;
 };
 
+PVE::JSONSchema::register_format('IPv4orCIDR', \&pve_verify_ipv4_or_cidr);
+sub pve_verify_ipv4_or_cidr {
+    my ($cidr, $noerr) = @_;
+
+    if ($cidr =~ m!^(?:$IPV4RE)(/(\d+))?$!) {
+	return $cidr if Net::IP->new($cidr);
+	return undef if $noerr;
+	die Net::IP::Error() . "\n";
+    }
+    return undef if $noerr;
+    die "value does not look like a valid IP address or CIDR network\n";
+}
+
+PVE::JSONSchema::register_standard_option('ipset-name', {
+    description => "IP set name.",
+    type => 'string',
+    pattern => '[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-\_]+',
+    minLength => 2,
+    maxLength => 20,
+});
+
+PVE::JSONSchema::register_standard_option('pve-fw-alias', {
+    description => "Alias name.",
+    type => 'string',
+    pattern => '[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-\_]+',
+    minLength => 2,
+    maxLength => 20,
+});
+
+PVE::JSONSchema::register_standard_option('pve-fw-loglevel' => {
+    description => "Log level.",
+    type => 'string',
+    enum => ['emerg', 'alert', 'crit', 'err', 'warning', 'notice', 'info', 'debug', 'nolog'],
+    optional => 1,
+});
+
+my $security_group_name_pattern = '[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-\_]+';
+my $ip_alias_pattern = '[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-\_]+';
+
+PVE::JSONSchema::register_standard_option('pve-security-group-name', {
+    description => "Security Group name.",
+    type => 'string',
+    pattern => $security_group_name_pattern,
+    minLength => 2,
+    maxLength => 20,
+});
+
 my $feature_ipset_nomatch = 0;
 eval  {
     my (undef, undef, $release) = POSIX::uname();
@@ -673,7 +720,8 @@ sub get_etc_protocols {
 sub parse_address_list {
     my ($str) = @_;
 
-    return if $str !~ m/^(\+)(\S+)$/; # ipset ref
+    return if $str =~ m/^(\+)(\S+)$/; # ipset ref
+    return if $str =~ m/^${ip_alias_pattern}$/;
 
     my $count = 0;
     my $iprange = 0;
@@ -685,7 +733,7 @@ sub parse_address_list {
 	}
 	$iprange = 1 if $elem =~ m/-/;
     }
-    
+
     die "you can use a range in a list\n" if $iprange && $count > 1;
 }
 
@@ -694,6 +742,8 @@ sub parse_port_name_number_or_range {
 
     my $services = PVE::Firewall::get_etc_services();
     my $count = 0;
+    my $icmp_port = 0;
+
     foreach my $item (split(/,/, $str)) {
 	$count++;
 	if ($item =~ m/^(\d+):(\d+)$/) {
@@ -704,10 +754,16 @@ sub parse_port_name_number_or_range {
 	    my $port = $1;
 	    die "invalid port '$port'\n" if $port > 65535;
 	} else {
-	    die "invalid port '$item'\n" if !$services->{byname}->{$item}; 
+	    if ($icmp_type_names->{$item}) {
+		$icmp_port = 1;
+	    } else {
+		die "invalid port '$item'\n" if !$services->{byname}->{$item};
+	    }
 	}
     }
 
+    die "ICPM ports not allowed in port range\n" if $icmp_port && $count > 1;
+
     return $count;
 }
 
@@ -745,6 +801,52 @@ sub pve_fw_verify_protocol_spec {
 
 # helper function for API
 
+sub copy_opject_with_digest {
+    my ($object) = @_;
+
+    my $sha = Digest::SHA->new('sha1');
+
+    my $res = {};
+    foreach my $k (sort keys %$object) {
+	my $v = $object->{$k};
+	next if !defined($v);
+	$res->{$k} = $v;
+	$sha->add($k, ':', $v, "\n");
+    }
+
+    my $digest = $sha->hexdigest;
+
+    $res->{digest} = $digest;
+
+    return wantarray ? ($res, $digest) : $res;
+}
+
+sub copy_list_with_digest {
+    my ($list) = @_;
+
+    my $sha = Digest::SHA->new('sha1');
+
+    my $res = [];
+    foreach my $entry (@$list) {
+	my $data = {};
+	foreach my $k (sort keys %$entry) {
+	    my $v = $entry->{$k};
+	    next if !defined($v);
+	    $data->{$k} = $v;
+	    $sha->add($k, ':', $v, "\n");
+	}
+	push @$res, $data;
+    }
+
+    my $digest = $sha->hexdigest;
+
+    foreach my $entry (@$res) {
+	$entry->{digest} = $digest;
+    }
+
+    return wantarray ? ($res, $digest) : $res;
+}
+
 my $rule_properties = {
     pos => {
 	description => "Update rule at position <pos>.",
@@ -752,21 +854,19 @@ my $rule_properties = {
 	minimum => 0,
 	optional => 1,
     },
-    digest => {
-	type => 'string',
-	optional => 1,
-	maxLength => 27,
-	minLength => 27,
-    },
+    digest => get_standard_option('pve-config-digest'),
     type => {
 	type => 'string',
 	optional => 1,
 	enum => ['in', 'out', 'group'],
     },
     action => {
+	description => "Rule action ('ACCEPT', 'DROP', 'REJECT') or security group name.",
 	type => 'string',
 	optional => 1,
-	enum => ['ACCEPT', 'DROP', 'REJECT'],
+	pattern => $security_group_name_pattern,
+	maxLength => 20,
+	minLength => 2,
     },
     macro => {
 	type => 'string',
@@ -804,23 +904,6 @@ my $rule_properties = {
     },
 };
 
-sub cleanup_fw_rule {
-    my ($rule, $digest, $pos) = @_;
-
-    my $r = {};
-
-    foreach my $k (keys %$rule) {
-	next if !$rule_properties->{$k};
-	my $v = $rule->{$k};
-	next if !defined($v);
-	$r->{$k} = $v;
-	$r->{digest} = $digest;
-	$r->{pos} = $pos;
-    }
-
-    return $r;
-}
-
 sub add_rule_properties {
     my ($properties) = @_;
 
@@ -835,7 +918,7 @@ sub add_rule_properties {
 
 sub delete_rule_properties {
     my ($rule, $delete_str) = @_;
-    
+
     foreach my $opt (PVE::Tools::split_list($delete_str)) {
 	raise_param_exc({ 'delete' => "no such property ('$opt')"})
 	    if !defined($rule_properties->{$opt});
@@ -873,7 +956,7 @@ my $apply_macro = sub {
 
 	    if (!defined($v)) {
 		my $msg = "missing parameter '$k' in macro '$macro_name'";
-		raise_param_exc({ macro => $msg }) if $verify; 
+		raise_param_exc({ macro => $msg }) if $verify;
 		die "$msg\n";
 	    }
 	    $rule->{$k} = $v;
@@ -885,7 +968,7 @@ my $apply_macro = sub {
 	    if (defined($rule->{$k})) {
 		if ($rule->{$k} ne $param->{$k}) {
 		    my $msg = "parameter '$k' already define in macro (value = '$rule->{$k}')";
-		    raise_param_exc({ $k => $msg }) if $verify; 
+		    raise_param_exc({ $k => $msg }) if $verify;
 		    die "$msg\n";
 		}
 	    } else {
@@ -905,19 +988,19 @@ sub verify_rule {
 
     raise_param_exc({ type => "missing property"}) if !$type;
     raise_param_exc({ action => "missing property"}) if !$rule->{action};
- 
+
     if ($type eq  'in' || $type eq 'out') {
 	raise_param_exc({ action => "unknown action '$rule->{action}'"})
 	    if $rule->{action} !~ m/^(ACCEPT|DROP|REJECT)$/;
     } elsif ($type eq 'group') {
-	raise_param_exc({ type => "security groups not allowed"}) 
+	raise_param_exc({ type => "security groups not allowed"})
 	    if !$allow_groups;
-	raise_param_exc({ action => "invalid characters in security group name"}) 
-	    if $rule->{action} !~ m/^[A-Za-z0-9_\-]+$/;
+	raise_param_exc({ action => "invalid characters in security group name"})
+	    if $rule->{action} !~ m/^${security_group_name_pattern}$/;
     } else {
 	raise_param_exc({ type => "unknown rule type '$type'"});
     }
-   
+
     # fixme: verify $rule->{iface}?
 
     if ($rule->{macro}) {
@@ -1019,7 +1102,7 @@ sub iptables_get_chains {
 
 	return 1 if $name =~ m/^venet0-\d+-(:?IN|OUT)$/;
 
-	return 1 if $name =~ m/^vmbr\d+-(:?FW|IN|OUT|IPS)$/;
+	return 1 if $name =~ m/^fwbr\d+(v\d+)?-(:?FW|IN|OUT|IPS)$/;
 	return 1 if $name =~ m/^GROUP-(:?[^\s\-]+)-(:?IN|OUT)$/;
 
 	return undef;
@@ -1131,10 +1214,18 @@ sub ruleset_generate_cmdstr {
     my $dest = $rule->{dest};
 
     if ($source) {
-        if ($source =~ m/^(\+)(\S+)$/) {
-	    die "no such ipset $2" if !$cluster_conf->{ipset}->{$2};
-	    push @cmd, "-m set --match-set PVEFW-$2 src";
-
+        if ($source =~ m/^\+/) {
+	    if ($source =~ m/^\+(${security_group_name_pattern})$/) {
+		die "no such ipset '$1'\n" if !$cluster_conf->{ipset}->{$1};
+		push @cmd, "-m set --match-set PVEFW-$1 src";
+	    } else {
+		die "invalid security group name '$source'\n";
+	    }
+	} elsif ($source =~ m/^${ip_alias_pattern}$/){
+	    my $alias = lc($source);
+	    my $e = $cluster_conf->{aliases}->{$alias};
+	    die "no such alias $source\n" if !$e;
+	    push @cmd, "-s $e->{cidr}";
         } elsif ($source =~ m/\-/){
 	    push @cmd, "-m iprange --src-range $source";
 
@@ -1144,15 +1235,23 @@ sub ruleset_generate_cmdstr {
     }
 
     if ($dest) {
-        if ($dest =~ m/^(\+)(\S+)$/) {
-	    die "no such ipset $2" if !$cluster_conf->{ipset}->{$2};
-	    push @cmd, "-m set --match-set PVEFW-$2 dst";
-
+        if ($dest =~ m/^\+/) {
+	    if ($dest =~ m/^\+(${security_group_name_pattern})$/) {
+		die "no such ipset '$1'\n" if !$cluster_conf->{ipset}->{$1};
+		push @cmd, "-m set --match-set PVEFW-$1 dst";
+	    } else {
+		die "invalid security group name '$dest'\n";
+	    }
+	} elsif ($dest =~ m/^${ip_alias_pattern}$/){
+	    my $alias = lc($source);
+	    my $e = $cluster_conf->{aliases}->{$alias};
+	    die "no such alias $dest" if !$e;
+	    push @cmd, "-d $e->{cidr}";
         } elsif ($dest =~ m/^(\d+)\.(\d+).(\d+).(\d+)\-(\d+)\.(\d+).(\d+).(\d+)$/){
 	    push @cmd, "-m iprange --dst-range $dest";
 
 	} else {
-	    push @cmd, "-s $dest";
+	    push @cmd, "-d $dest";
         }
     }
 
@@ -1220,11 +1319,18 @@ sub ruleset_generate_rule {
 	$rules = [ $rule ];
     }
 
+    # update all or nothing
+
+    my @cmds = ();
     foreach my $tmp (@$rules) {
 	if (my $cmdstr = ruleset_generate_cmdstr($ruleset, $chain, $tmp, $actions, $goto, $cluster_conf)) {
-	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, $cmdstr);
+	    push @cmds, $cmdstr;
 	}
     }
+
+    foreach my $cmdstr (@cmds) {
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, $cmdstr);
+    }
 }
 
 sub ruleset_generate_rule_insert {
@@ -1292,36 +1398,7 @@ sub ruleset_addlog {
 
     $logrule = "$rule $logrule" if defined($rule);
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, $logrule)
-}
-
-sub generate_bridge_chains {
-    my ($ruleset, $hostfw_conf, $bridge, $routing_table) = @_;
-
-    my $options = $hostfw_conf->{options} || {};
-
-    die "error: detected direct route to bridge '$bridge'\n"
-	if !$options->{allow_bridge_route} && $routing_table->{$bridge};
-
-    if (!ruleset_chain_exist($ruleset, "$bridge-FW")) {
-	ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "$bridge-FW");
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-o $bridge -m physdev --physdev-is-out -j $bridge-FW");
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-i $bridge -m physdev --physdev-is-in -j $bridge-FW");
-    }
-
-    if (!ruleset_chain_exist($ruleset, "$bridge-OUT")) {
-	ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "$bridge-OUT");
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "$bridge-FW", "-m physdev --physdev-is-in -j $bridge-OUT");
-	ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-INPUT", "-i $bridge -m physdev --physdev-is-in -j $bridge-OUT");
-    }
-
-    if (!ruleset_chain_exist($ruleset, "$bridge-IN")) {
-	ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "$bridge-IN");
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "$bridge-FW", "-m physdev --physdev-is-out -j $bridge-IN");
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "$bridge-FW", "-m mark --mark 1 -j ACCEPT");
-	# accept traffic to unmanaged bridge ports
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "$bridge-FW", "-m physdev --physdev-is-out -j ACCEPT ");
-    }
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, $logrule);
 }
 
 sub ruleset_add_chain_policy {
@@ -1351,16 +1428,36 @@ sub ruleset_add_chain_policy {
     }
 }
 
-sub ruleset_create_vm_chain {
-    my ($ruleset, $chain, $options, $macaddr, $direction) = @_;
+sub ruleset_chain_add_conn_filters {
+    my ($ruleset, $chain, $accept) = @_;
 
-    ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, $chain);
-    my $accept = generate_nfqueue($options);
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j $accept");
+}
+
+sub ruleset_chain_add_input_filters {
+    my ($ruleset, $chain, $options, $cluster_conf, $loglevel) = @_;
+
+    if ($cluster_conf->{ipset}->{blacklist}){
+	ruleset_addlog($ruleset, $chain, 0, "DROP: ", $loglevel, "-m set --match-set PVEFW-blacklist src");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m set --match-set PVEFW-blacklist src -j DROP");
+    }
 
     if (!(defined($options->{nosmurfs}) && $options->{nosmurfs} == 0)) {
 	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID,NEW -j PVEFW-smurfs");
     }
 
+    if ($options->{tcpflags}) {
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p tcp -j PVEFW-tcpflags");
+    }
+}
+
+sub ruleset_create_vm_chain {
+    my ($ruleset, $chain, $options, $host_options, $macaddr, $direction) = @_;
+
+    ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, $chain);
+    my $accept = generate_nfqueue($options);
+
     if (!(defined($options->{dhcp}) && $options->{dhcp} == 0)) {
 	if ($direction eq 'OUT') {
 	    ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, $chain, { action => 'PVEFW-SET-ACCEPT-MARK',
@@ -1371,17 +1468,6 @@ sub ruleset_create_vm_chain {
 	}
     }
 
-    if ($options->{tcpflags}) {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p tcp -j PVEFW-tcpflags");
-    }
-
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP");
-    if ($direction eq 'OUT') {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -g PVEFW-SET-ACCEPT-MARK");
-    } else {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j $accept");
-    }
-
     if ($direction eq 'OUT') {
 	if (defined($macaddr) && !(defined($options->{macfilter}) && $options->{macfilter} == 0)) {
 	    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m mac ! --mac-source $macaddr -j DROP");
@@ -1395,6 +1481,8 @@ sub ruleset_generate_vm_rules {
 
     my $lc_direction = lc($direction);
 
+    my $in_accept = generate_nfqueue($options);
+
     foreach my $rule (@$rules) {
 	next if $rule->{iface} && $rule->{iface} ne $netid;
 	next if !$rule->{enable};
@@ -1413,13 +1501,18 @@ sub ruleset_generate_vm_rules {
 
 	} else {
 	    next if $rule->{type} ne $lc_direction;
-	    if ($direction eq 'OUT') {
-		ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, $chain, $rule,
-				      { ACCEPT => "PVEFW-SET-ACCEPT-MARK", REJECT => "PVEFW-reject" }, undef, $cluster_conf);
-	    } else {
-		my $accept = generate_nfqueue($options);
-		ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, $chain, $rule, { ACCEPT => $accept , REJECT => "PVEFW-reject" }, undef, $cluster_conf);
-	    }
+	    eval {
+		if ($direction eq 'OUT') {
+		    ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, $chain, $rule,
+					  { ACCEPT => "PVEFW-SET-ACCEPT-MARK", REJECT => "PVEFW-reject" },
+					  undef, $cluster_conf);
+		} else {
+		    ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, $chain, $rule,
+					  { ACCEPT => $in_accept , REJECT => "PVEFW-reject" },
+					  undef, $cluster_conf);
+		}
+	    };
+	    warn $@ if $@;
 	}
     }
 }
@@ -1427,45 +1520,38 @@ sub ruleset_generate_vm_rules {
 sub generate_nfqueue {
     my ($options) = @_;
 
-    my $action = "";
-    if($options->{ips}){
-	$action = "NFQUEUE";
-	if($options->{ips_queues} && $options->{ips_queues} =~ m/^(\d+)(:(\d+))?$/) {
-	    if(defined($3) && defined($1)) {
+    if ($options->{ips}) {
+	my $action = "NFQUEUE";
+	if ($options->{ips_queues} && $options->{ips_queues} =~ m/^(\d+)(:(\d+))?$/) {
+	    if (defined($3) && defined($1)) {
 		$action .= " --queue-balance $1:$3";
-	    }elsif (defined($1)) {
+	    } elsif (defined($1)) {
 		$action .= " --queue-num $1";
 	    }
 	}
-	$action .= " --queue-bypass";
-    }else{
-	$action = "ACCEPT";
+	$action .= " --queue-bypass" if $feature_ipset_nomatch; #need kernel 3.10
+	return $action;
+    } else {
+	return "ACCEPT";
     }
-
-    return $action;
 }
 
 sub ruleset_generate_vm_ipsrules {
-    my ($ruleset, $options, $direction, $iface, $bridge) = @_;
+    my ($ruleset, $options, $direction, $iface) = @_;
 
     if ($options->{ips} && $direction eq 'IN') {
 	my $nfqueue = generate_nfqueue($options);
 
-	if (!ruleset_chain_exist($ruleset, "$bridge-IPS")) {
+	if (!ruleset_chain_exist($ruleset, "PVEFW-IPS")) {
 	    ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "PVEFW-IPS");
 	}
 
-	if (!ruleset_chain_exist($ruleset, "$bridge-IPS")) {
-	    ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "$bridge-IPS");
-	    ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-IPS", "-o $bridge -m physdev --physdev-is-out -j $bridge-IPS");
-	}
-
-        ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "$bridge-IPS", "-m physdev --physdev-out $iface --physdev-is-bridged -j $nfqueue");
+        ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-IPS", "-m physdev --physdev-out $iface --physdev-is-bridged -j $nfqueue");
     }
 }
 
 sub generate_venet_rules_direction {
-    my ($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $ip, $direction) = @_;
+    my ($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $hostfw_conf, $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $ip, $direction) = @_;
 
     parse_address_list($ip); # make sure we have a valid $ip list
 
@@ -1474,11 +1560,12 @@ sub generate_venet_rules_direction {
     my $rules = $vmfw_conf->{rules};
 
     my $options = $vmfw_conf->{options};
+    my $hostfw_options = $vmfw_conf->{options};
     my $loglevel = get_option_log_level($options, "log_level_${lc_direction}");
 
     my $chain = "venet0-$vmid-$direction";
 
-    ruleset_create_vm_chain($ruleset, $chain, $options, undef, $direction);
+    ruleset_create_vm_chain($ruleset, $chain, $options, $hostfw_options, undef, $direction);
 
     ruleset_generate_vm_rules($ruleset, $rules, $cluster_conf, $chain, 'venet', $direction);
 
@@ -1495,24 +1582,13 @@ sub generate_venet_rules_direction {
     my $accept_action = $direction eq 'OUT' ? "PVEFW-SET-ACCEPT-MARK" : $accept;
     ruleset_add_chain_policy($ruleset, $chain, $vmid, $policy, $loglevel, $accept_action);
 
-    # plug into FORWARD, INPUT and OUTPUT chain
     if ($direction eq 'OUT') {
-	ruleset_generate_rule_insert($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", {
-	    action => $chain,
-	    source => $ip,
-	    iface_in => 'venet0'});
-
-	ruleset_generate_rule_insert($ruleset, "PVEFW-INPUT", {
+	ruleset_generate_rule_insert($ruleset, "PVEFW-VENET-OUT", {
 	    action => $chain,
 	    source => $ip,
 	    iface_in => 'venet0'});
     } else {
-	ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", {
-	    action => $chain,
-	    dest => $ip,
-	    iface_out => 'venet0'});
-
-	ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, "PVEFW-OUTPUT", {
+	ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, "PVEFW-VENET-IN", {
 	    action => $chain,
 	    dest => $ip,
 	    iface_out => 'venet0'});
@@ -1520,22 +1596,23 @@ sub generate_venet_rules_direction {
 }
 
 sub generate_tap_rules_direction {
-    my ($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $iface, $netid, $macaddr, $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $bridge, $direction) = @_;
+    my ($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $hostfw_conf, $iface, $netid, $macaddr, $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $direction) = @_;
 
     my $lc_direction = lc($direction);
 
     my $rules = $vmfw_conf->{rules};
 
     my $options = $vmfw_conf->{options};
+    my $hostfw_options = $hostfw_conf->{options};
     my $loglevel = get_option_log_level($options, "log_level_${lc_direction}");
 
     my $tapchain = "$iface-$direction";
 
-    ruleset_create_vm_chain($ruleset, $tapchain, $options, $macaddr, $direction);
+    ruleset_create_vm_chain($ruleset, $tapchain, $options, $hostfw_options, $macaddr, $direction);
 
     ruleset_generate_vm_rules($ruleset, $rules, $cluster_conf, $tapchain, $netid, $direction, $options);
 
-    ruleset_generate_vm_ipsrules($ruleset, $options, $direction, $iface, $bridge);
+    ruleset_generate_vm_ipsrules($ruleset, $options, $direction, $iface);
 
     # implement policy
     my $policy;
@@ -1552,21 +1629,21 @@ sub generate_tap_rules_direction {
 
     # plug the tap chain to bridge chain
     if ($direction eq 'IN') {
-	ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, "$bridge-IN",
-			   "-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-out $iface -j $tapchain");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FWBR-IN",
+			"-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-out $iface -j $tapchain");
     } else {
-	ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, "$bridge-OUT",
-			   "-m physdev --physdev-in $iface -j $tapchain");
+	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FWBR-OUT",
+			"-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-in $iface -j $tapchain");
     }
 }
 
 sub enable_host_firewall {
     my ($ruleset, $hostfw_conf, $cluster_conf) = @_;
 
-    # fixme: allow security groups
-
     my $options = $hostfw_conf->{options};
+    my $cluster_options = $cluster_conf->{options};
     my $rules = $hostfw_conf->{rules};
+    my $cluster_rules = $cluster_conf->{rules};
 
     # host inbound firewall
     my $chain = "PVEFW-HOST-IN";
@@ -1574,17 +1651,11 @@ sub enable_host_firewall {
 
     my $loglevel = get_option_log_level($options, "log_level_in");
 
-    if (!(defined($options->{nosmurfs}) && $options->{nosmurfs} == 0)) {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID,NEW -j PVEFW-smurfs");
-    }
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-i lo -j ACCEPT");
 
-    if ($options->{tcpflags}) {
-	ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p tcp -j PVEFW-tcpflags");
-    }
+    ruleset_chain_add_conn_filters($ruleset, $chain, 'ACCEPT');
+    ruleset_chain_add_input_filters($ruleset, $chain, $options, $cluster_conf, $loglevel);
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP");
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT");
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-i lo -j ACCEPT");
     ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m addrtype --dst-type MULTICAST -j ACCEPT");
     ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW --dport 5404:5405 -j ACCEPT");
     ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p udp -m udp --dport 9000 -j ACCEPT");  #corosync
@@ -1592,13 +1663,15 @@ sub enable_host_firewall {
     # we use RETURN because we need to check also tap rules
     my $accept_action = 'RETURN';
 
-    foreach my $rule (@$rules) {
+    # add host rules first, so that cluster wide rules can be overwritten
+    foreach my $rule (@$rules, @$cluster_rules) {
 	next if $rule->{type} ne 'in';
+	$rule->{iface_in} = $rule->{iface} if $rule->{iface};
 	ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, $chain, $rule, { ACCEPT => $accept_action, REJECT => "PVEFW-reject" }, undef, $cluster_conf);
     }
 
     # implement input policy
-    my $policy = $options->{policy_in} || 'DROP'; # allow nothing by default
+    my $policy = $cluster_options->{policy_in} || 'DROP'; # allow nothing by default
     ruleset_add_chain_policy($ruleset, $chain, 0, $policy, $loglevel, $accept_action);
 
     # host outbound firewall
@@ -1607,9 +1680,10 @@ sub enable_host_firewall {
 
     $loglevel = get_option_log_level($options, "log_level_out");
 
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP");
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT");
     ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-o lo -j ACCEPT");
+
+    ruleset_chain_add_conn_filters($ruleset, $chain, 'ACCEPT');
+
     ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-m addrtype --dst-type MULTICAST -j ACCEPT");
     ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW --dport 5404:5405 -j ACCEPT");
     ruleset_addrule($ruleset, $chain, "-p udp -m udp --dport 9000 -j ACCEPT"); #corosync
@@ -1617,13 +1691,15 @@ sub enable_host_firewall {
     # we use RETURN because we may want to check other thigs later
     $accept_action = 'RETURN';
 
-    foreach my $rule (@$rules) {
+    # add host rules first, so that cluster wide rules can be overwritten
+    foreach my $rule (@$rules, @$cluster_rules) {
 	next if $rule->{type} ne 'out';
+	$rule->{iface_out} = $rule->{iface} if $rule->{iface};
 	ruleset_generate_rule($ruleset, $chain, $rule, { ACCEPT => $accept_action, REJECT => "PVEFW-reject" }, undef, $cluster_conf);
     }
 
     # implement output policy
-    $policy = $options->{policy_out} || 'ACCEPT'; # allow everything by default
+    $policy = $cluster_options->{policy_out} || 'ACCEPT'; # allow everything by default
     ruleset_add_chain_policy($ruleset, $chain, 0, $policy, $loglevel, $accept_action);
 
     ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-OUTPUT", "-j PVEFW-HOST-OUT");
@@ -1708,10 +1784,10 @@ sub parse_fw_rule {
 	    die "unknown action '$action'\n";
 	}
     } elsif ($type eq 'group') {
-	die "wrong number of rule elements\n" if scalar(@data) != 3;
+	die "wrong number of rule elements\n" if scalar(@data) > 3;
 	die "groups disabled\n" if !$allow_groups;
 
-	die "invalid characters in group name\n" if $action !~ m/^[A-Za-z0-9_\-]+$/;
+	die "invalid characters in group name\n" if $action !~ m/^${security_group_name_pattern}$/;
     } else {
 	die "unknown rule type '$type'\n";
     }
@@ -1757,7 +1833,7 @@ sub parse_vmfw_option {
 
     my $loglevels = "emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|notice|info|debug|nolog";
 
-    if ($line =~ m/^(enable|dhcp|macfilter|nosmurfs|tcpflags|ips):\s*(0|1)\s*$/i) {
+    if ($line =~ m/^(enable|dhcp|macfilter|ips):\s*(0|1)\s*$/i) {
 	$opt = lc($1);
 	$value = int($2);
     } elsif ($line =~ m/^(log_level_in|log_level_out):\s*(($loglevels)\s*)?$/i) {
@@ -1784,16 +1860,13 @@ sub parse_hostfw_option {
 
     my $loglevels = "emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|notice|info|debug|nolog";
 
-    if ($line =~ m/^(enable|dhcp|nosmurfs|tcpflags|allow_bridge_route|optimize):\s*(0|1)\s*$/i) {
+    if ($line =~ m/^(enable|nosmurfs|tcpflags):\s*(0|1)\s*$/i) {
 	$opt = lc($1);
 	$value = int($2);
     } elsif ($line =~ m/^(log_level_in|log_level_out|tcp_flags_log_level|smurf_log_level):\s*(($loglevels)\s*)?$/i) {
 	$opt = lc($1);
 	$value = $2 ? lc($3) : '';
-    } elsif ($line =~ m/^(policy_(in|out)):\s*(ACCEPT|DROP|REJECT)\s*$/i) {
-	$opt = lc($1);
-	$value = uc($3);
-    } elsif ($line =~ m/^(nf_conntrack_max):\s*(\d+)\s*$/i) {
+    } elsif ($line =~ m/^(nf_conntrack_max|nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established):\s*(\d+)\s*$/i) {
 	$opt = lc($1);
 	$value = int($2);
     } else {
@@ -1812,6 +1885,9 @@ sub parse_clusterfw_option {
     if ($line =~ m/^(enable):\s*(0|1)\s*$/i) {
 	$opt = lc($1);
 	$value = int($2);
+    } elsif ($line =~ m/^(policy_(in|out)):\s*(ACCEPT|DROP|REJECT)\s*$/i) {
+	$opt = lc($1);
+	$value = uc($3);
     } else {
 	chomp $line;
 	die "can't parse option '$line'\n"
@@ -1820,6 +1896,27 @@ sub parse_clusterfw_option {
     return ($opt, $value);
 }
 
+sub parse_clusterfw_alias {
+    my ($line) = @_;
+
+    # we can add single line comments to the end of the line
+    my $comment = decode('utf8', $1) if $line =~ s/\s*#\s*(.*?)\s*$//;
+
+    if ($line =~ m/^(\S+)\s(\S+)$/) {
+	my ($name, $cidr) = ($1, $2);
+	$cidr =~ s|/32$||;
+	pve_verify_ipv4_or_cidr($cidr);
+	my $data = {
+	    name => $name,
+	    cidr => $cidr,
+	};
+	$data->{comment} = $comment  if $comment;
+	return $data;
+    }
+
+    return undef;
+}
+
 sub parse_vm_fw_rules {
     my ($filename, $fh) = @_;
 
@@ -1827,11 +1924,7 @@ sub parse_vm_fw_rules {
 
     my $section;
 
-    my $digest = Digest::SHA->new('sha1');
-
     while (defined(my $line = <$fh>)) {
-	$digest->add($line);
-
 	next if $line =~ m/^#/;
 	next if $line =~ m/^\s*$/;
 
@@ -1869,8 +1962,6 @@ sub parse_vm_fw_rules {
 	push @{$res->{$section}}, $rule;
     }
 
-    $res->{digest} = $digest->b64digest;
-
     return $res;
 }
 
@@ -1881,11 +1972,7 @@ sub parse_host_fw_rules {
 
     my $section;
 
-    my $digest = Digest::SHA->new('sha1');
-
     while (defined(my $line = <$fh>)) {
-	$digest->add($line);
-
 	next if $line =~ m/^#/;
 	next if $line =~ m/^\s*$/;
 
@@ -1923,8 +2010,6 @@ sub parse_host_fw_rules {
 	push @{$res->{$section}}, $rule;
     }
 
-$res->{digest} = $digest->b64digest;
-
     return $res;
 }
 
@@ -1934,13 +2019,17 @@ sub parse_cluster_fw_rules {
     my $section;
     my $group;
 
-    my $res = { rules => [], options => {}, groups => {}, ipset => {} };
-
-    my $digest = Digest::SHA->new('sha1');
+    my $res = {
+	rules => [],
+	options => {},
+	aliases => {},
+	groups => {},
+	group_comments => {},
+	ipset => {} ,
+	ipset_comments => {},
+    };
 
     while (defined(my $line = <$fh>)) {
-	$digest->add($line);
-
 	next if $line =~ m/^#/;
 	next if $line =~ m/^\s*$/;
 
@@ -1952,9 +2041,18 @@ sub parse_cluster_fw_rules {
 	    next;
 	}
 
-	if ($line =~ m/^\[group\s+(\S+)\]\s*$/i) {
+	if ($line =~ m/^\[aliases\]$/i) {
+	    $section = 'aliases';
+	    next;
+	}
+
+	if ($line =~ m/^\[group\s+(\S+)\]\s*(?:#\s*(.*?)\s*)?$/i) {
 	    $section = 'groups';
 	    $group = lc($1);
+	    my $comment = $2;
+	    $res->{$section}->{$group} = [];
+	    $res->{group_comments}->{$group} =  decode('utf8', $comment)
+		if $comment;
 	    next;
 	}
 
@@ -1963,9 +2061,13 @@ sub parse_cluster_fw_rules {
 	    next;
 	}
 
-	if ($line =~ m/^\[ipset\s+(\S+)\]\s*$/i) {
+	if ($line =~ m/^\[ipset\s+(\S+)\]\s*(?:#\s*(.*?)\s*)?$/i) {
 	    $section = 'ipset';
 	    $group = lc($1);
+	    my $comment = $2;
+	    $res->{$section}->{$group} = [];
+	    $res->{ipset_comments}->{$group} = decode('utf8', $comment)
+		if $comment;
 	    next;
 	}
 
@@ -1980,6 +2082,12 @@ sub parse_cluster_fw_rules {
 		$res->{options}->{$opt} = $value;
 	    };
 	    warn "$prefix: $@" if $@;
+	} elsif ($section eq 'aliases') {
+	    eval {
+		my $data = parse_clusterfw_alias($line);
+		$res->{aliases}->{lc($data->{name})} = $data;
+	    };
+	    warn "$prefix: $@" if $@;
 	} elsif ($section eq 'rules') {
 	    my $rule;
 	    eval { $rule = parse_fw_rule($line, 1, 1); };
@@ -1997,33 +2105,31 @@ sub parse_cluster_fw_rules {
 	    }
 	    push @{$res->{$section}->{$group}}, $rule;
 	} elsif ($section eq 'ipset') {
-	    chomp $line;
-	    $line =~ m/^(\!)?\s*((\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)(\/(\d+))?)/;
+	    # we can add single line comments to the end of the rule
+	    my $comment = decode('utf8', $1) if $line =~ s/#\s*(.*?)\s*$//;
+
+	    $line =~ m/^(\!)?\s*(\S+)\s*$/;
 	    my $nomatch = $1;
-	my $ip = $2;
+	    my $cidr = $2;
 
-	    if(!$ip){
-		warn "$prefix: $line is not an valid ip address\n";
-		next;
-	    }
-	    if (!Net::IP->new($ip)) {
-		warn "$prefix: $line is not an valid ip address\n";
-		next;
-	    }
+	    if($cidr !~ m/^${ip_alias_pattern}$/) {
+		$cidr =~ s|/32$||;
 
-	    if ($nomatch) {
-		if ($feature_ipset_nomatch) {
-		    push @{$res->{$section}->{$group}}, "$ip nomatch";
-		} else {
-		    warn "$prefix: ignore $line - nomatch not supported by kernel\n";
+		eval { pve_verify_ipv4_or_cidr($cidr); };
+		if (my $err = $@) {
+		    warn "$prefix: $cidr - $err";
+		    next;
 		}
-	    } else {
-		push @{$res->{$section}->{$group}}, $ip;
 	    }
+
+	    my $entry = { cidr => $cidr };
+	    $entry->{nomatch} = 1 if $nomatch;
+	    $entry->{comment} = $comment if $comment;
+
+	    push @{$res->{$section}->{$group}}, $entry;
 	}
     }
 
-    $res->{digest} = $digest->b64digest;
     return $res;
 }
 
@@ -2076,11 +2182,13 @@ sub read_local_vm_config {
 };
 
 sub load_vmfw_conf {
-    my ($vmid) = @_;
+    my ($vmid, $dir) = @_;
 
     my $vmfw_conf = {};
 
-    my $filename = "/etc/pve/firewall/$vmid.fw";
+    $dir = "/etc/pve/firewall" if !defined($dir);
+
+    my $filename = "$dir/$vmid.fw";
     if (my $fh = IO::File->new($filename, O_RDONLY)) {
 	$vmfw_conf = parse_vm_fw_rules($filename, $fh);
     }
@@ -2094,7 +2202,7 @@ my $format_rules = sub {
     my $raw = '';
 
     foreach my $rule (@$rules) {
-	if ($rule->{type} eq  'in' || $rule->{type} eq 'out') {
+	if ($rule->{type} eq  'in' || $rule->{type} eq 'out' || $rule->{type} eq 'group') {
 	    $raw .= '|' if defined($rule->{enable}) && !$rule->{enable};
 	    $raw .= uc($rule->{type});
 	    if ($rule->{macro}) {
@@ -2103,16 +2211,20 @@ my $format_rules = sub {
 		$raw .= " " . $rule->{action};
 	    }
 	    $raw .= " " . ($rule->{iface} || '-') if $need_iface;
-	    $raw .= " " . ($rule->{source} || '-');
-	    $raw .= " " . ($rule->{dest} || '-');
-	    $raw .= " " . ($rule->{proto} || '-');
-	    $raw .= " " . ($rule->{dport} || '-');
-	    $raw .= " " . ($rule->{sport} || '-');
+
+	    if ($rule->{type} ne  'group')  {
+		$raw .= " " . ($rule->{source} || '-');
+		$raw .= " " . ($rule->{dest} || '-');
+		$raw .= " " . ($rule->{proto} || '-');
+		$raw .= " " . ($rule->{dport} || '-');
+		$raw .= " " . ($rule->{sport} || '-');
+	    }
+
 	    $raw .= " # " . encode('utf8', $rule->{comment})
 		if $rule->{comment} && $rule->{comment} !~ m/^\s*$/;
 	    $raw .= "\n";
 	} else {
-	    die "implement me '$rule->{type}'";
+	    die "unknown rule type '$rule->{type}'";
 	}
     }
 
@@ -2133,6 +2245,46 @@ my $format_options = sub {
     return $raw;
 };
 
+my $format_aliases = sub {
+    my ($aliases) = @_;
+
+    my $raw = '';
+
+    $raw .= "[ALIASES]\n\n";
+    foreach my $k (keys %$aliases) {
+	my $e = $aliases->{$k};
+	$raw .= "$e->{name} $e->{cidr}";
+	$raw .= " # " . encode('utf8', $e->{comment})
+	    if $e->{comment} && $e->{comment} !~ m/^\s*$/;
+	$raw .= "\n";
+    }
+    $raw .= "\n";
+
+    return $raw;
+};
+
+my $format_ipset = sub {
+    my ($options) = @_;
+
+    my $raw = '';
+
+    my $nethash = {};
+    foreach my $entry (@$options) {
+	$nethash->{$entry->{cidr}} = $entry;
+    }
+
+    foreach my $cidr (sort keys %$nethash) {
+	my $entry = $nethash->{$cidr};
+	my $line = $entry->{nomatch} ? '!' : '';
+	$line .= $entry->{cidr};
+	$line .= " # " . encode('utf8', $entry->{comment})
+	    if $entry->{comment} && $entry->{comment} !~ m/^\s*$/;
+	$raw .= "$line\n";
+    }
+
+    return $raw;
+};
+
 sub save_vmfw_conf {
     my ($vmid, $vmfw_conf) = @_;
 
@@ -2141,7 +2293,7 @@ sub save_vmfw_conf {
     my $options = $vmfw_conf->{options};
     $raw .= &$format_options($options) if scalar(keys %$options);
 
-    my $rules = $vmfw_conf->{rules};
+    my $rules = $vmfw_conf->{rules} || [];
     if (scalar(@$rules)) {
 	$raw .= "[RULES]\n\n";
 	$raw .= &$format_rules($rules, 1);
@@ -2153,11 +2305,12 @@ sub save_vmfw_conf {
 }
 
 sub read_vm_firewall_configs {
-    my ($vmdata) = @_;
+    my ($vmdata, $dir) = @_;
+
     my $vmfw_configs = {};
 
     foreach my $vmid (keys %{$vmdata->{qemu}}, keys %{$vmdata->{openvz}}) {
-	my $vmfw_conf = load_vmfw_conf($vmid);
+	my $vmfw_conf = load_vmfw_conf($vmid, $dir);
 	next if !$vmfw_conf->{options}; # skip if file does not exists
 	$vmfw_configs->{$vmid} = $vmfw_conf;
     }
@@ -2189,6 +2342,7 @@ sub generate_std_chains {
 
     # same as shorewall smurflog.
     my $chain = 'PVEFW-smurflog';
+    $pve_std_chains->{$chain} = [];
 
     push @{$pve_std_chains->{$chain}}, get_log_rule_base($chain, 0, "DROP: ", $loglevel) if $loglevel;
     push @{$pve_std_chains->{$chain}}, "-j DROP";
@@ -2196,6 +2350,8 @@ sub generate_std_chains {
     # same as shorewall logflags action.
     $loglevel = get_option_log_level($options, 'tcp_flags_log_level');
     $chain = 'PVEFW-logflags';
+    $pve_std_chains->{$chain} = [];
+
     # fixme: is this correctly logged by pvewf-logger? (ther is no --log-ip-options for NFLOG)
     push @{$pve_std_chains->{$chain}}, get_log_rule_base($chain, 0, "DROP: ", $loglevel) if $loglevel;
     push @{$pve_std_chains->{$chain}}, "-j DROP";
@@ -2216,12 +2372,12 @@ sub generate_ipset_chains {
     my ($ipset_ruleset, $fw_conf) = @_;
 
     foreach my $ipset (keys %{$fw_conf->{ipset}}) {
-	generate_ipset($ipset_ruleset, "PVEFW-$ipset", $fw_conf->{ipset}->{$ipset});
+	generate_ipset($ipset_ruleset, "PVEFW-$ipset", $fw_conf->{ipset}->{$ipset}, $fw_conf->{aliases});
     }
 }
 
 sub generate_ipset {
-    my ($ipset_ruleset, $name, $options) = @_;
+    my ($ipset_ruleset, $name, $options, $aliases) = @_;
 
     my $hashsize = scalar(@$options);
     if ($hashsize <= 64) {
@@ -2232,8 +2388,36 @@ sub generate_ipset {
 
     push @{$ipset_ruleset->{$name}}, "create $name hash:net family inet hashsize $hashsize maxelem $hashsize";
 
-    foreach my $ip (@$options) {
-	push @{$ipset_ruleset->{$name}}, "add $name $ip";
+    # remove duplicates
+    my $nethash = {};
+    foreach my $entry (@$options) {
+	my $cidr = $entry->{cidr};
+	if ($cidr =~ m/^${ip_alias_pattern}$/) {
+	    my $alias = lc($cidr);
+	    if ($aliases->{$alias}) {
+		$entry->{cidr} = $aliases->{$alias}->{cidr};
+		$nethash->{$entry->{cidr}} = $entry;
+	    } else {
+		warn "no such alias '$cidr'\n" if !$aliases->{$alias};
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    $nethash->{$entry->{cidr}} = $entry;
+	}
+    }
+
+    foreach my $cidr (sort keys %$nethash) {
+	my $entry = $nethash->{$cidr};
+
+	my $cmd = "add $name $cidr";
+	if ($entry->{nomatch}) {
+	    if ($feature_ipset_nomatch) {
+		push @{$ipset_ruleset->{$name}}, "$cmd nomatch";
+	    } else {
+		warn "ignore !$cidr - nomatch not supported by kernel\n";
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    push @{$ipset_ruleset->{$name}}, $cmd;
+	}
     }
 }
 
@@ -2269,39 +2453,14 @@ sub read_pvefw_status {
     return $status;
 }
 
-# fixme: move to pve-common PVE::ProcFSTools
-sub read_proc_net_route {
-    my $filename = "/proc/net/route";
-
-    my $res = {};
-
-    my $fh = IO::File->new ($filename, "r");
-    return $res if !$fh;
-
-    my $int_to_quad = sub {
-	return join '.' => map { ($_[0] >> 8*(3-$_)) % 256 } (3, 2, 1, 0);
-    };
-
-    while (defined(my $line = <$fh>)) {
-	next if $line =~/^Iface\s+Destination/; # skip head
-	my ($iface, $dest, $gateway, $metric, $mask, $mtu) = (split(/\s+/, $line))[0,1,2,6,7,8];
-	push @{$res->{$iface}}, {
-	    dest => &$int_to_quad(hex($dest)),
-	    gateway => &$int_to_quad(hex($gateway)),
-	    mask => &$int_to_quad(hex($mask)),
-	    metric => $metric,
-	    mtu => $mtu,
-	};
-    }
-
-    return $res;
-}
-
 sub load_clusterfw_conf {
+    my ($filename) = @_;
+
+    $filename = $clusterfw_conf_filename if !defined($filename);
 
     my $cluster_conf = {};
-     if (my $fh = IO::File->new($clusterfw_conf_filename, O_RDONLY)) {
-	$cluster_conf = parse_cluster_fw_rules($clusterfw_conf_filename, $fh);
+    if (my $fh = IO::File->new($filename, O_RDONLY)) {
+	$cluster_conf = parse_cluster_fw_rules($filename, $fh);
     }
 
     return $cluster_conf;
@@ -2315,7 +2474,20 @@ sub save_clusterfw_conf {
     my $options = $cluster_conf->{options};
     $raw .= &$format_options($options) if scalar(keys %$options);
 
-    # fixme: save ipset
+    my $aliases = $cluster_conf->{aliases};
+    $raw .= &$format_aliases($aliases) if scalar(keys %$aliases);
+
+    foreach my $ipset (sort keys %{$cluster_conf->{ipset}}) {
+	if (my $comment = $cluster_conf->{ipset_comments}->{$ipset}) {
+	    my $utf8comment = encode('utf8', $comment);
+	    $raw .= "[IPSET $ipset] # $utf8comment\n\n";
+	} else {
+	    $raw .= "[IPSET $ipset]\n\n";
+	}
+	my $options = $cluster_conf->{ipset}->{$ipset};
+	$raw .= &$format_ipset($options);
+	$raw .= "\n";
+    }
 
     my $rules = $cluster_conf->{rules};
     if (scalar(@$rules)) {
@@ -2326,7 +2498,13 @@ sub save_clusterfw_conf {
 
     foreach my $group (sort keys %{$cluster_conf->{groups}}) {
 	my $rules = $cluster_conf->{groups}->{$group};
-	$raw .= "[group $group]\n\n";
+	if (my $comment = $cluster_conf->{group_comments}->{$group}) {
+	    my $utf8comment = encode('utf8', $comment);
+	    $raw .= "[group $group] # $utf8comment\n\n";
+	} else {
+	    $raw .= "[group $group]\n\n";
+	}
+
 	$raw .= &$format_rules($rules, 0);
 	$raw .= "\n";
     }
@@ -2335,10 +2513,13 @@ sub save_clusterfw_conf {
 }
 
 sub load_hostfw_conf {
+    my ($filename) = @_;
+
+    $filename = $hostfw_conf_filename if !defined($filename);
 
     my $hostfw_conf = {};
-    if (my $fh = IO::File->new($hostfw_conf_filename, O_RDONLY)) {
-	$hostfw_conf = parse_host_fw_rules($hostfw_conf_filename, $fh);
+    if (my $fh = IO::File->new($filename, O_RDONLY)) {
+	$hostfw_conf = parse_host_fw_rules($filename, $fh);
     }
     return $hostfw_conf;
 }
@@ -2362,12 +2543,30 @@ sub save_hostfw_conf {
 }
 
 sub compile {
-    my $vmdata = read_local_vm_config();
-    my $vmfw_configs = read_vm_firewall_configs($vmdata);
+    my ($cluster_conf, $hostfw_conf, $vmdata) = @_;
+
+    my $vmfw_configs;
 
-    my $routing_table = read_proc_net_route();
+    if ($vmdata) { # test mode
+	my $testdir = $vmdata->{testdir} || die "no test directory specified";
+	my $filename = "$testdir/cluster.fw";
+	die "missing test file '$filename'\n" if ! -f $filename;
+	$cluster_conf = load_clusterfw_conf($filename);
+
+	$filename = "$testdir/host.fw";
+	die "missing test file '$filename'\n" if ! -f $filename;
+	$hostfw_conf = load_hostfw_conf($filename);
+
+	$vmfw_configs = read_vm_firewall_configs($vmdata, $testdir);
+    } else { # normal operation
+	$cluster_conf = load_clusterfw_conf() if !$cluster_conf;
+
+	$hostfw_conf = load_hostfw_conf() if !$hostfw_conf;
+
+	$vmdata = read_local_vm_config();
+	$vmfw_configs = read_vm_firewall_configs($vmdata);
+    }
 
-    my $cluster_conf = load_clusterfw_conf();
 
     my $ipset_ruleset = {};
     generate_ipset_chains($ipset_ruleset, $cluster_conf);
@@ -2379,15 +2578,38 @@ sub compile {
 
     ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD");
 
-    my $hostfw_conf = load_hostfw_conf();
     my $hostfw_options = $hostfw_conf->{options} || {};
 
+    # fixme: what log level should we use here?
+    my $loglevel = get_option_log_level($hostfw_options, "log_level_out");
+
+    ruleset_chain_add_conn_filters($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "ACCEPT");
+
+    ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "PVEFW-VENET-OUT");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-i venet0 -j PVEFW-VENET-OUT");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-INPUT", "-i venet0 -j PVEFW-VENET-OUT");
+
+    ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "PVEFW-FWBR-IN");
+    ruleset_chain_add_input_filters($ruleset, "PVEFW-FWBR-IN", $hostfw_options, $cluster_conf, $loglevel);
+
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-in fwln+ -j PVEFW-FWBR-IN");
+
+    ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "PVEFW-FWBR-OUT");
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m physdev --physdev-is-bridged --physdev-out fwln+ -j PVEFW-FWBR-OUT");
+
+    ruleset_create_chain($ruleset, "PVEFW-VENET-IN");
+    ruleset_chain_add_input_filters($ruleset, "PVEFW-VENET-IN", $hostfw_options, $cluster_conf, $loglevel);
+
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-o venet0 -j PVEFW-VENET-IN");
+
     generate_std_chains($ruleset, $hostfw_options);
 
     my $hostfw_enable = !(defined($hostfw_options->{enable}) && ($hostfw_options->{enable} == 0));
 
     enable_host_firewall($ruleset, $hostfw_conf, $cluster_conf) if $hostfw_enable;
 
+    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-OUTPUT", "-o venet0 -j PVEFW-VENET-IN");
+
     # generate firewall rules for QEMU VMs
     foreach my $vmid (keys %{$vmdata->{qemu}}) {
 	my $conf = $vmdata->{qemu}->{$vmid};
@@ -2398,21 +2620,14 @@ sub compile {
 	foreach my $netid (keys %$conf) {
 	    next if $netid !~ m/^net(\d+)$/;
 	    my $net = PVE::QemuServer::parse_net($conf->{$netid});
-	    next if !$net;
+	    next if !$net->{firewall};
 	    my $iface = "tap${vmid}i$1";
 
-	    my $bridge = $net->{bridge};
-	    next if !$bridge; # fixme: ?
-
-	    $bridge .= "v$net->{tag}" if $net->{tag};
-
-	    generate_bridge_chains($ruleset, $hostfw_conf, $bridge, $routing_table);
-
 	    my $macaddr = $net->{macaddr};
-	    generate_tap_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $iface, $netid, $macaddr,
-					 $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $bridge, 'IN');
-	    generate_tap_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $iface, $netid, $macaddr,
-					 $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $bridge, 'OUT');
+	    generate_tap_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $hostfw_conf, $iface, $netid, $macaddr,
+					 $vmfw_conf, $vmid, 'IN');
+	    generate_tap_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $hostfw_conf, $iface, $netid, $macaddr,
+					 $vmfw_conf, $vmid, 'OUT');
 	}
     }
 
@@ -2426,56 +2641,31 @@ sub compile {
 
 	if ($conf->{ip_address} && $conf->{ip_address}->{value}) {
 	    my $ip = $conf->{ip_address}->{value};
-	    generate_venet_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $ip, 'IN');
-	    generate_venet_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $ip, 'OUT');
+	    $ip =~ s/\s+/,/g;
+	    generate_venet_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $hostfw_conf, $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $ip, 'IN');
+	    generate_venet_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $hostfw_conf, $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $ip, 'OUT');
 	}
 
 	if ($conf->{netif} && $conf->{netif}->{value}) {
 	    my $netif = PVE::OpenVZ::parse_netif($conf->{netif}->{value});
 	    foreach my $netid (keys %$netif) {
 		my $d = $netif->{$netid};
-		my $bridge = $d->{bridge};
-		if (!$bridge) {
-		    warn "no bridge device for CT $vmid iface '$netid'\n";
-		    next; # fixme?
-		}
-
-		generate_bridge_chains($ruleset, $hostfw_conf, $bridge, $routing_table);
 
 		my $macaddr = $d->{mac};
 		my $iface = $d->{host_ifname};
-		generate_tap_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $iface, $netid, $macaddr,
-					     $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $bridge, 'IN');
-		generate_tap_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $iface, $netid, $macaddr,
-					     $vmfw_conf, $vmid, $bridge, 'OUT');
+		generate_tap_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $hostfw_conf, $iface, $netid, $macaddr,
+					     $vmfw_conf, $vmid, 'IN');
+		generate_tap_rules_direction($ruleset, $cluster_conf, $hostfw_conf, $iface, $netid, $macaddr,
+					     $vmfw_conf, $vmid, 'OUT');
 	    }
 	}
     }
 
-    if($hostfw_options->{optimize}){
-
-	my $accept = ruleset_chain_exist($ruleset, "PVEFW-IPS") ? "PVEFW-IPS" : "ACCEPT";
-	ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j $accept");
-	ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP");
+    if(ruleset_chain_exist($ruleset, "PVEFW-IPS")){
+	ruleset_insertrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j PVEFW-IPS");
     }
 
-    # fixme: what log level should we use here?
-    my $loglevel = get_option_log_level($hostfw_options, "log_level_out");
-
-    # fixme: should we really block inter-bridge traffic?
-
-    # always allow traffic from containers?
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-i venet0 -j RETURN");
-
-    # disable interbridge routing
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-o vmbr+ -j PVEFW-Drop");
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-i vmbr+ -j PVEFW-Drop");
-    ruleset_addlog($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", 0, "DROP: ", $loglevel, "-o vmbr+");
-    ruleset_addlog($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", 0, "DROP: ", $loglevel, "-i vmbr+");
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-o vmbr+ -j DROP");
-    ruleset_addrule($ruleset, "PVEFW-FORWARD", "-i vmbr+ -j DROP");
-
-    return wantarray ? ($ruleset, $hostfw_conf, $ipset_ruleset) : $ruleset;
+    return ($ruleset, $ipset_ruleset);
 }
 
 sub get_ruleset_status {
@@ -2594,6 +2784,13 @@ sub get_ipset_cmdlist {
     my $active_chains = ipset_get_chains();
     my $statushash = get_ruleset_status($ruleset, $active_chains, \&ipset_chain_digest, $verbose);
 
+    # remove stale _swap chains
+    foreach my $chain (keys %$active_chains) {
+	if ($chain =~ m/^PVEFW-\S+_swap$/) {
+	    $cmdlist .= "destroy $chain\n";
+	}
+    }
+
     foreach my $chain (sort keys %$ruleset) {
 	my $stat = $statushash->{$chain};
 	die "internal error" if !$stat;
@@ -2635,8 +2832,6 @@ sub apply_ruleset {
 
     enable_bridge_firewall();
 
-    update_nf_conntrack_max($hostfw_conf);
-
     my ($ipset_create_cmdlist, $ipset_delete_cmdlist, $ipset_changes) =
 	get_ipset_cmdlist($ipset_ruleset, undef, $verbose);
 
@@ -2675,6 +2870,11 @@ sub apply_ruleset {
     }
 
     die "unable to apply firewall changes\n" if $errors;
+
+    update_nf_conntrack_max($hostfw_conf);
+
+    update_nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established($hostfw_conf);
+
 }
 
 sub update_nf_conntrack_max {
@@ -2701,6 +2901,16 @@ sub update_nf_conntrack_max {
     }
 }
 
+sub update_nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established {
+    my ($hostfw_conf) = @_;
+
+    my $options = $hostfw_conf->{options} || {};
+
+    my $value = defined($options->{nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established}) ? $options->{nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established} : 432000;
+
+    PVE::ProcFSTools::write_proc_entry("/proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established", $value);
+}
+
 sub remove_pvefw_chains {
 
     my ($chash, $hooks) = iptables_get_chains();
@@ -2728,9 +2938,25 @@ sub update {
     my ($start, $verbose) = @_;
 
     my $code = sub {
+
+	my $cluster_conf = load_clusterfw_conf();
+	my $cluster_options = $cluster_conf->{options};
+
+	my $enable = $cluster_options->{enable};
+
 	my $status = read_pvefw_status();
 
-	my ($ruleset, $hostfw_conf, $ipset_ruleset) = compile();
+	die "Firewall is disabled - cannot start\n" if !$enable && $start;
+
+	if (!$enable) {
+	    PVE::Firewall::remove_pvefw_chains();
+	    print "Firewall disabled\n" if $verbose;
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	my $hostfw_conf = load_hostfw_conf();
+
+	my ($ruleset, $ipset_ruleset) = compile($cluster_conf, $hostfw_conf);
 
 	if ($start || $status eq 'active') {