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2 | NOTE! This copyright does *not* cover user programs that use kernel | |
3 | services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use | |
4 | of the kernel, and does *not* fall under the heading of "derived work". | |
5 | Also note that the GPL below is copyrighted by the Free Software | |
6 | Foundation, but the instance of code that it refers to (the Linux | |
7 | kernel) is copyrighted by me and others who actually wrote it. | |
8 | ||
9 | Also note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as the kernel | |
10 | is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not | |
11 | v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated. | |
12 | ||
13 | Linus Torvalds | |
14 | ||
15 | ---------------------------------------- | |
16 | ||
17 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE | |
18 | Version 2, June 1991 | |
19 | ||
20 | Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
21 | 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA | |
22 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
23 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
24 | ||
25 | Preamble | |
26 | ||
27 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | |
28 | freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | |
29 | License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | |
30 | software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This | |
31 | General Public License applies to most of the Free Software | |
32 | Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to | |
33 | using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by | |
34 | the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to | |
35 | your programs, too. | |
36 | ||
37 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | |
38 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | |
39 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | |
40 | this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it | |
41 | if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it | |
42 | in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. | |
43 | ||
44 | To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | |
45 | anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | |
46 | These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | |
47 | distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | |
48 | ||
49 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | |
50 | gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | |
51 | you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | |
52 | source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their | |
53 | rights. | |
54 | ||
55 | We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | |
56 | (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | |
57 | distribute and/or modify the software. | |
58 | ||
59 | Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | |
60 | that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | |
61 | software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | |
62 | want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | |
63 | that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | |
64 | authors' reputations. | |
65 | ||
66 | Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software | |
67 | patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free | |
68 | program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the | |
69 | program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any | |
70 | patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. | |
71 | ||
72 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | |
73 | modification follow. | |
74 | \f | |
75 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE | |
76 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | |
77 | ||
78 | 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains | |
79 | a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed | |
80 | under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, | |
81 | refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" | |
82 | means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: | |
83 | that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, | |
84 | either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another | |
85 | language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in | |
86 | the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". | |
87 | ||
88 | Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not | |
89 | covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of | |
90 | running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program | |
91 | is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the | |
92 | Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). | |
93 | Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. | |
94 | ||
95 | 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's | |
96 | source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you | |
97 | conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate | |
98 | copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the | |
99 | notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; | |
100 | and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License | |
101 | along with the Program. | |
102 | ||
103 | You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and | |
104 | you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. | |
105 | ||
106 | 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion | |
107 | of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and | |
108 | distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 | |
109 | above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: | |
110 | ||
111 | a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices | |
112 | stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. | |
113 | ||
114 | b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in | |
115 | whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any | |
116 | part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third | |
117 | parties under the terms of this License. | |
118 | ||
119 | c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively | |
120 | when run, you must cause it, when started running for such | |
121 | interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an | |
122 | announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a | |
123 | notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide | |
124 | a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under | |
125 | these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this | |
126 | License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but | |
127 | does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on | |
128 | the Program is not required to print an announcement.) | |
129 | \f | |
130 | These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If | |
131 | identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, | |
132 | and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in | |
133 | themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those | |
134 | sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you | |
135 | distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based | |
136 | on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of | |
137 | this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the | |
138 | entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. | |
139 | ||
140 | Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest | |
141 | your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to | |
142 | exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or | |
143 | collective works based on the Program. | |
144 | ||
145 | In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program | |
146 | with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of | |
147 | a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under | |
148 | the scope of this License. | |
149 | ||
150 | 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, | |
151 | under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | |
152 | Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | |
153 | ||
154 | a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | |
155 | source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections | |
156 | 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
157 | ||
158 | b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | |
159 | years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your | |
160 | cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete | |
161 | machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be | |
162 | distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium | |
163 | customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
164 | ||
165 | c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer | |
166 | to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is | |
167 | allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | |
168 | received the program in object code or executable form with such | |
169 | an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) | |
170 | ||
171 | The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for | |
172 | making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source | |
173 | code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any | |
174 | associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to | |
175 | control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a | |
176 | special exception, the source code distributed need not include | |
177 | anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary | |
178 | form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the | |
179 | operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component | |
180 | itself accompanies the executable. | |
181 | ||
182 | If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering | |
183 | access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent | |
184 | access to copy the source code from the same place counts as | |
185 | distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not | |
186 | compelled to copy the source along with the object code. | |
187 | \f | |
188 | 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program | |
189 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | |
190 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is | |
191 | void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | |
192 | However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under | |
193 | this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
194 | parties remain in full compliance. | |
195 | ||
196 | 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | |
197 | signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | |
198 | distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are | |
199 | prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | |
200 | modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the | |
201 | Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | |
202 | all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | |
203 | the Program or works based on it. | |
204 | ||
205 | 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | |
206 | Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the | |
207 | original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to | |
208 | these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | |
209 | restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | |
210 | You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to | |
211 | this License. | |
212 | ||
213 | 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | |
214 | infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | |
215 | conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | |
216 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | |
217 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | |
218 | distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | |
219 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | |
220 | may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent | |
221 | license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by | |
222 | all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | |
223 | the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | |
224 | refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. | |
225 | ||
226 | If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under | |
227 | any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to | |
228 | apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other | |
229 | circumstances. | |
230 | ||
231 | It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | |
232 | patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | |
233 | such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | |
234 | integrity of the free software distribution system, which is | |
235 | implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | |
236 | generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | |
237 | through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | |
238 | system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | |
239 | to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | |
240 | impose that choice. | |
241 | ||
242 | This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | |
243 | be a consequence of the rest of this License. | |
244 | \f | |
245 | 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in | |
246 | certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | |
247 | original copyright holder who places the Program under this License | |
248 | may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding | |
249 | those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among | |
250 | countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates | |
251 | the limitation as if written in the body of this License. | |
252 | ||
253 | 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | |
254 | of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | |
255 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | |
256 | address new problems or concerns. | |
257 | ||
258 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | |
259 | specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any | |
260 | later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions | |
261 | either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | |
262 | Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | |
263 | this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | |
264 | Foundation. | |
265 | ||
266 | 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | |
267 | programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | |
268 | to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | |
269 | Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | |
270 | make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | |
271 | of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | |
272 | of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | |
273 | ||
274 | NO WARRANTY | |
275 | ||
276 | 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | |
277 | FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN | |
278 | OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | |
279 | PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | |
280 | OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
281 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | |
282 | TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE | |
283 | PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | |
284 | REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | |
285 | ||
286 | 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING | |
287 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | |
288 | REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | |
289 | INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING | |
290 | OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED | |
291 | TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY | |
292 | YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | |
293 | PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE | |
294 | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | |
295 | ||
296 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
297 | \f | |
298 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs | |
299 | ||
300 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | |
301 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | |
302 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. | |
303 | ||
304 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | |
305 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | |
306 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least | |
307 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | |
308 | ||
309 | <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> | |
310 | Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> | |
311 | ||
312 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
313 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
314 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or | |
315 | (at your option) any later version. | |
316 | ||
317 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
318 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
319 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
320 | GNU General Public License for more details. | |
321 | ||
322 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
323 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | |
324 | Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA | |
325 | ||
326 | ||
327 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | |
328 | ||
329 | If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | |
330 | when it starts in an interactive mode: | |
331 | ||
332 | Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author | |
333 | Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. | |
334 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it | |
335 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. | |
336 | ||
337 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate | |
338 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may | |
339 | be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be | |
340 | mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. | |
341 | ||
342 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | |
343 | school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if | |
344 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | |
345 | ||
346 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program | |
347 | `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. | |
348 | ||
349 | <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 | |
350 | Ty Coon, President of Vice | |
351 | ||
352 | This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into | |
353 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may | |
354 | consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the | |
355 | library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General | |
356 | Public License instead of this License. |