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1 | .. _changes: |
2 | ||
9b4ebd98 | 3 | Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel |
840f6690 MCC |
4 | ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
5 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
6 | Intro |
7 | ===== | |
8 | ||
9 | This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of | |
81f10d19 | 10 | software necessary to run the 4.x kernels. |
1da177e4 LT |
11 | |
12 | This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels | |
13 | and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, | |
14 | Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the | |
15 | 'net). | |
16 | ||
1da177e4 | 17 | Current Minimal Requirements |
840f6690 | 18 | **************************** |
1da177e4 | 19 | |
840f6690 | 20 | Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've |
1da177e4 LT |
21 | encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently |
22 | running, the suggested command should tell you. | |
23 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
24 | Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally |
25 | running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all | |
26 | systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example, | |
27 | you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils. | |
1da177e4 | 28 | |
840f6690 MCC |
29 | ====================== =============== ======================================== |
30 | Program Minimal version Command to check the version | |
31 | ====================== =============== ======================================== | |
32 | GNU C 3.2 gcc --version | |
37d69ee3 | 33 | GNU make 3.81 make --version |
799c4341 | 34 | binutils 2.20 ld -v |
840f6690 MCC |
35 | util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version |
36 | module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V | |
37 | e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V | |
38 | jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V | |
39 | reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V | |
40 | xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V | |
41 | squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version | |
42 | btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck | |
43 | pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V | |
44 | quota-tools 3.09 quota -V | |
45 | PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version | |
46 | isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version | |
47 | nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version | |
48 | procps 3.2.0 ps --version | |
49 | oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version | |
50 | udev 081 udevd --version | |
51 | grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version | |
52 | mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version | |
53 | iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V | |
54 | openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version | |
55 | bc 1.06.95 bc --version | |
81f10d19 | 56 | Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.2 sphinx-build --version |
840f6690 | 57 | ====================== =============== ======================================== |
7a922637 | 58 | |
81f10d19 | 59 | .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation |
1da177e4 LT |
60 | |
61 | Kernel compilation | |
840f6690 | 62 | ****************** |
1da177e4 LT |
63 | |
64 | GCC | |
65 | --- | |
66 | ||
67 | The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your | |
a1365647 | 68 | computer. |
1da177e4 LT |
69 | |
70 | Make | |
71 | ---- | |
72 | ||
13e09881 | 73 | You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel. |
1da177e4 LT |
74 | |
75 | Binutils | |
76 | -------- | |
77 | ||
799c4341 NP |
78 | The build system has, as of 4.13, switched to using thin archives (`ar T`) |
79 | rather than incremental linking (`ld -r`) for built-in.o intermediate steps. | |
80 | This requires binutils 2.20 or newer. | |
1da177e4 | 81 | |
08219624 JLPD |
82 | Perl |
83 | ---- | |
84 | ||
840f6690 MCC |
85 | You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``, |
86 | ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel. | |
08219624 | 87 | |
221069be A |
88 | BC |
89 | -- | |
90 | ||
91 | You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher | |
92 | ||
08219624 | 93 | |
3f1d44ae DH |
94 | OpenSSL |
95 | ------- | |
96 | ||
97 | Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and | |
98 | crypto library to do key creation and signature generation. | |
99 | ||
100 | You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is | |
101 | enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3 | |
102 | and higher. | |
103 | ||
104 | ||
1da177e4 | 105 | System utilities |
840f6690 | 106 | **************** |
1da177e4 LT |
107 | |
108 | Architectural changes | |
109 | --------------------- | |
110 | ||
111 | DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev | |
112 | (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) | |
113 | ||
114 | 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! | |
115 | ||
116 | Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline | |
117 | documentation via specially-formatted comments near their | |
ff41c419 MCC |
118 | definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST |
119 | files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can | |
120 | then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files. | |
121 | In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need | |
122 | Sphinx. | |
1da177e4 LT |
123 | |
124 | Util-linux | |
125 | ---------- | |
126 | ||
840f6690 | 127 | New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks, |
1da177e4 LT |
128 | support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition |
129 | types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. | |
130 | You'll probably want to upgrade. | |
131 | ||
132 | Ksymoops | |
133 | -------- | |
134 | ||
62a07e6e JJ |
135 | If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the |
136 | ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. | |
840f6690 | 137 | It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so |
5adaf851 LT |
138 | that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also |
139 | produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel | |
840f6690 | 140 | is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and |
5adaf851 LT |
141 | reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops |
142 | with ksymoops. | |
1da177e4 LT |
143 | |
144 | Module-Init-Tools | |
145 | ----------------- | |
146 | ||
840f6690 | 147 | A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools`` |
1da177e4 LT |
148 | to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels. |
149 | ||
150 | Mkinitrd | |
151 | -------- | |
152 | ||
840f6690 | 153 | These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that |
1da177e4 LT |
154 | mkinitrd be upgraded. |
155 | ||
156 | E2fsprogs | |
157 | --------- | |
158 | ||
840f6690 | 159 | The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and |
1da177e4 LT |
160 | debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. |
161 | ||
162 | JFSutils | |
163 | -------- | |
164 | ||
840f6690 | 165 | The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system. |
1da177e4 | 166 | The following utilities are available: |
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167 | |
168 | - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check | |
1da177e4 | 169 | and repair a JFS formatted partition. |
840f6690 MCC |
170 | |
171 | - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition. | |
172 | ||
173 | - other file system utilities are also available in this package. | |
1da177e4 LT |
174 | |
175 | Reiserfsprogs | |
176 | ------------- | |
177 | ||
178 | The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x | |
179 | (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working | |
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180 | versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and |
181 | ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. | |
1da177e4 LT |
182 | |
183 | Xfsprogs | |
184 | -------- | |
185 | ||
840f6690 MCC |
186 | The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the |
187 | ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is | |
1da177e4 LT |
188 | architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should |
189 | work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or | |
190 | later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). | |
191 | ||
5085cb26 DB |
192 | PCMCIAutils |
193 | ----------- | |
194 | ||
840f6690 | 195 | PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up |
5085cb26 DB |
196 | PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules |
197 | for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug | |
198 | subsystem is used. | |
1da177e4 | 199 | |
1da177e4 LT |
200 | Quota-tools |
201 | ----------- | |
202 | ||
203 | Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use | |
204 | the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and | |
205 | newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer | |
206 | from the table above. | |
207 | ||
208 | Intel IA32 microcode | |
209 | -------------------- | |
210 | ||
211 | A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, | |
890fbae2 | 212 | accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using |
1b49ecf2 | 213 | udev you may need to:: |
840f6690 MCC |
214 | |
215 | mkdir /dev/cpu | |
216 | mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 | |
217 | chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode | |
1da177e4 LT |
218 | |
219 | as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to | |
220 | get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. | |
221 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
222 | udev |
223 | ---- | |
840f6690 MCC |
224 | |
225 | ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with | |
226 | only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic | |
03a67a46 | 227 | functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for |
890fbae2 | 228 | devices. |
1da177e4 | 229 | |
909021ea MS |
230 | FUSE |
231 | ---- | |
232 | ||
233 | Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount | |
840f6690 | 234 | options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work. |
909021ea | 235 | |
1da177e4 | 236 | Networking |
840f6690 | 237 | ********** |
1da177e4 LT |
238 | |
239 | General changes | |
240 | --------------- | |
241 | ||
242 | If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably | |
243 | consider using the network tools from ip-route2. | |
244 | ||
245 | Packet Filter / NAT | |
246 | ------------------- | |
247 | The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x | |
248 | kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules | |
249 | for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. | |
250 | ||
251 | PPP | |
252 | --- | |
253 | ||
254 | The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to | |
255 | enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, | |
256 | upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. | |
257 | ||
890fbae2 | 258 | If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp |
1b49ecf2 | 259 | which can be made by:: |
840f6690 MCC |
260 | |
261 | mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 | |
1da177e4 LT |
262 | |
263 | as root. | |
264 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
265 | Isdn4k-utils |
266 | ------------ | |
267 | ||
268 | Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils | |
269 | needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded. | |
270 | ||
271 | NFS-utils | |
272 | --------- | |
273 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
274 | In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know |
275 | about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This | |
840f6690 MCC |
276 | information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client |
277 | mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs | |
278 | would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``. | |
1da177e4 LT |
279 | |
280 | This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct | |
281 | which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement | |
840f6690 | 282 | fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from |
1da177e4 LT |
283 | getting lots of old entries that never get removed. |
284 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
285 | With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd |
286 | when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give | |
287 | appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the | |
840f6690 | 288 | dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about |
5adaf851 | 289 | currently active clients. |
1da177e4 | 290 | |
1b49ecf2 | 291 | To enable this new functionality, you need to:: |
840f6690 | 292 | |
e4121712 | 293 | mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd |
1da177e4 LT |
294 | |
295 | before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS | |
296 | services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where | |
297 | that is possible. | |
298 | ||
172d899d AK |
299 | mcelog |
300 | ------ | |
301 | ||
c8c3f7d6 | 302 | On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check |
840f6690 MCC |
303 | events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors |
304 | reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. | |
172d899d | 305 | |
81f10d19 MCC |
306 | Kernel documentation |
307 | ******************** | |
308 | ||
309 | Sphinx | |
310 | ------ | |
311 | ||
312 | The ReST markups currently used by the Documentation/ files are meant to be | |
313 | built with ``Sphinx`` version 1.2 or upper. If you're desiring to build | |
314 | PDF outputs, it is recommended to use version 1.4.6. | |
315 | ||
316 | .. note:: | |
317 | ||
318 | Please notice that, for PDF and LaTeX output, you'll also need ``XeLaTeX`` | |
db6ccf23 MH |
319 | version 3.14159265. Depending on the distribution, you may also need to |
320 | install a series of ``texlive`` packages that provide the minimal set of | |
321 | functionalities required for ``XeLaTex`` to work. For PDF output you'll also | |
322 | need ``convert(1)`` from ImageMagick (https://www.imagemagick.org). | |
81f10d19 | 323 | |
81f10d19 | 324 | |
1da177e4 LT |
325 | Getting updated software |
326 | ======================== | |
327 | ||
328 | Kernel compilation | |
329 | ****************** | |
330 | ||
a1365647 AM |
331 | gcc |
332 | --- | |
840f6690 MCC |
333 | |
334 | - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
335 | |
336 | Make | |
337 | ---- | |
840f6690 MCC |
338 | |
339 | - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
340 | |
341 | Binutils | |
342 | -------- | |
840f6690 | 343 | |
3bdadc86 | 344 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> |
1da177e4 | 345 | |
3f1d44ae DH |
346 | OpenSSL |
347 | ------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
348 | |
349 | - <https://www.openssl.org/> | |
3f1d44ae | 350 | |
1da177e4 LT |
351 | System utilities |
352 | **************** | |
353 | ||
354 | Util-linux | |
355 | ---------- | |
840f6690 | 356 | |
3bdadc86 | 357 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> |
1da177e4 LT |
358 | |
359 | Ksymoops | |
360 | -------- | |
840f6690 | 361 | |
3bdadc86 | 362 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> |
1da177e4 LT |
363 | |
364 | Module-Init-Tools | |
365 | ----------------- | |
840f6690 | 366 | |
3bdadc86 | 367 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/module-init-tools/> |
1da177e4 LT |
368 | |
369 | Mkinitrd | |
370 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
371 | |
372 | - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main> | |
1da177e4 LT |
373 | |
374 | E2fsprogs | |
375 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
376 | |
377 | - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz> | |
1da177e4 LT |
378 | |
379 | JFSutils | |
380 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
381 | |
382 | - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
383 | |
384 | Reiserfsprogs | |
385 | ------------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
386 | |
387 | - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
388 | |
389 | Xfsprogs | |
390 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
391 | |
392 | - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/> | |
1da177e4 | 393 | |
5085cb26 DB |
394 | Pcmciautils |
395 | ----------- | |
840f6690 | 396 | |
3bdadc86 | 397 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> |
5085cb26 | 398 | |
1da177e4 | 399 | Quota-tools |
840f6690 MCC |
400 | ----------- |
401 | ||
402 | - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> | |
1da177e4 | 403 | |
8b0c2d98 | 404 | |
1da177e4 LT |
405 | Intel P6 microcode |
406 | ------------------ | |
840f6690 MCC |
407 | |
408 | - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> | |
1da177e4 | 409 | |
1da177e4 LT |
410 | udev |
411 | ---- | |
840f6690 MCC |
412 | |
413 | - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html> | |
1da177e4 | 414 | |
909021ea MS |
415 | FUSE |
416 | ---- | |
840f6690 MCC |
417 | |
418 | - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse> | |
909021ea | 419 | |
172d899d AK |
420 | mcelog |
421 | ------ | |
840f6690 MCC |
422 | |
423 | - <http://www.mcelog.org/> | |
172d899d | 424 | |
1da177e4 LT |
425 | Networking |
426 | ********** | |
427 | ||
428 | PPP | |
429 | --- | |
840f6690 MCC |
430 | |
431 | - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
432 | |
433 | Isdn4k-utils | |
434 | ------------ | |
840f6690 MCC |
435 | |
436 | - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
437 | |
438 | NFS-utils | |
439 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
440 | |
441 | - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> | |
1da177e4 LT |
442 | |
443 | Iptables | |
444 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
445 | |
446 | - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html> | |
1da177e4 LT |
447 | |
448 | Ip-route2 | |
449 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
450 | |
451 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
452 | |
453 | OProfile | |
454 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
455 | |
456 | - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
457 | |
458 | NFS-Utils | |
459 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
460 | |
461 | - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
81f10d19 MCC |
462 | |
463 | Kernel documentation | |
464 | ******************** | |
465 | ||
466 | Sphinx | |
467 | ------ | |
468 | ||
469 | - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/> |