]>
Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
609d99a3 MCC |
1 | .. _changes: |
2 | ||
9b4ebd98 | 3 | Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel |
840f6690 MCC |
4 | ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
5 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
6 | Intro |
7 | ===== | |
8 | ||
9 | This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of | |
81f10d19 | 10 | software necessary to run the 4.x kernels. |
1da177e4 LT |
11 | |
12 | This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels | |
13 | and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, | |
14 | Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the | |
15 | 'net). | |
16 | ||
1da177e4 | 17 | Current Minimal Requirements |
840f6690 | 18 | **************************** |
1da177e4 | 19 | |
840f6690 | 20 | Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've |
1da177e4 LT |
21 | encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently |
22 | running, the suggested command should tell you. | |
23 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
24 | Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally |
25 | running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all | |
9c3c0c20 AB |
26 | systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example, |
27 | you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils. | |
1da177e4 | 28 | |
840f6690 MCC |
29 | ====================== =============== ======================================== |
30 | Program Minimal version Command to check the version | |
31 | ====================== =============== ======================================== | |
76ae8474 | 32 | GNU C 5.1 gcc --version |
3519c4d6 | 33 | Clang/LLVM (optional) 10.0.1 clang --version |
37d69ee3 | 34 | GNU make 3.81 make --version |
0aa78b10 | 35 | binutils 2.23 ld -v |
033dba2e MY |
36 | flex 2.5.35 flex --version |
37 | bison 2.0 bison --version | |
840f6690 | 38 | util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version |
934193a6 | 39 | kmod 13 depmod -V |
840f6690 MCC |
40 | e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V |
41 | jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V | |
42 | reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V | |
43 | xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V | |
44 | squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version | |
45 | btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck | |
46 | pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V | |
47 | quota-tools 3.09 quota -V | |
48 | PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version | |
840f6690 MCC |
49 | nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version |
50 | procps 3.2.0 ps --version | |
840f6690 MCC |
51 | udev 081 udevd --version |
52 | grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version | |
53 | mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version | |
54 | iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V | |
55 | openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version | |
56 | bc 1.06.95 bc --version | |
212fa2f8 | 57 | Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version |
840f6690 | 58 | ====================== =============== ======================================== |
7a922637 | 59 | |
81f10d19 | 60 | .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation |
1da177e4 LT |
61 | |
62 | Kernel compilation | |
840f6690 | 63 | ****************** |
1da177e4 LT |
64 | |
65 | GCC | |
66 | --- | |
67 | ||
68 | The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your | |
a1365647 | 69 | computer. |
1da177e4 | 70 | |
3519c4d6 ND |
71 | Clang/LLVM (optional) |
72 | --------------------- | |
73 | ||
74 | The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to | |
75 | `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building | |
76 | kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds | |
77 | from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional | |
78 | docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`. | |
79 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
80 | Make |
81 | ---- | |
82 | ||
13e09881 | 83 | You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel. |
1da177e4 LT |
84 | |
85 | Binutils | |
86 | -------- | |
87 | ||
0aa78b10 | 88 | Binutils 2.23 or newer is needed to build the kernel. |
1da177e4 | 89 | |
4ab3b801 RD |
90 | pkg-config |
91 | ---------- | |
92 | ||
93 | The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed | |
94 | kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in | |
fd65465b | 95 | 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not |
4ab3b801 RD |
96 | verified or documented. |
97 | ||
033dba2e MY |
98 | Flex |
99 | ---- | |
100 | ||
101 | Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers | |
102 | during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later. | |
103 | ||
104 | ||
105 | Bison | |
106 | ----- | |
107 | ||
108 | Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers | |
109 | during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later. | |
110 | ||
08219624 JLPD |
111 | Perl |
112 | ---- | |
113 | ||
840f6690 MCC |
114 | You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``, |
115 | ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel. | |
08219624 | 116 | |
221069be A |
117 | BC |
118 | -- | |
119 | ||
120 | You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher | |
121 | ||
08219624 | 122 | |
3f1d44ae DH |
123 | OpenSSL |
124 | ------- | |
125 | ||
126 | Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and | |
127 | crypto library to do key creation and signature generation. | |
128 | ||
129 | You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is | |
130 | enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3 | |
131 | and higher. | |
132 | ||
133 | ||
1da177e4 | 134 | System utilities |
840f6690 | 135 | **************** |
1da177e4 LT |
136 | |
137 | Architectural changes | |
138 | --------------------- | |
139 | ||
140 | DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev | |
e7b4311e | 141 | (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) |
1da177e4 LT |
142 | |
143 | 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! | |
144 | ||
145 | Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline | |
146 | documentation via specially-formatted comments near their | |
ff41c419 MCC |
147 | definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST |
148 | files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can | |
149 | then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files. | |
150 | In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need | |
151 | Sphinx. | |
1da177e4 LT |
152 | |
153 | Util-linux | |
154 | ---------- | |
155 | ||
840f6690 | 156 | New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks, |
1da177e4 LT |
157 | support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition |
158 | types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. | |
159 | You'll probably want to upgrade. | |
160 | ||
161 | Ksymoops | |
162 | -------- | |
163 | ||
62a07e6e JJ |
164 | If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the |
165 | ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. | |
840f6690 | 166 | It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so |
5adaf851 LT |
167 | that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also |
168 | produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel | |
840f6690 | 169 | is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and |
5adaf851 LT |
170 | reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops |
171 | with ksymoops. | |
1da177e4 | 172 | |
1da177e4 LT |
173 | Mkinitrd |
174 | -------- | |
175 | ||
840f6690 | 176 | These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that |
1da177e4 LT |
177 | mkinitrd be upgraded. |
178 | ||
179 | E2fsprogs | |
180 | --------- | |
181 | ||
840f6690 | 182 | The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and |
1da177e4 LT |
183 | debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. |
184 | ||
185 | JFSutils | |
186 | -------- | |
187 | ||
840f6690 | 188 | The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system. |
1da177e4 | 189 | The following utilities are available: |
840f6690 MCC |
190 | |
191 | - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check | |
1da177e4 | 192 | and repair a JFS formatted partition. |
840f6690 MCC |
193 | |
194 | - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition. | |
195 | ||
196 | - other file system utilities are also available in this package. | |
1da177e4 LT |
197 | |
198 | Reiserfsprogs | |
199 | ------------- | |
200 | ||
201 | The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x | |
202 | (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working | |
840f6690 MCC |
203 | versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and |
204 | ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. | |
1da177e4 LT |
205 | |
206 | Xfsprogs | |
207 | -------- | |
208 | ||
840f6690 MCC |
209 | The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the |
210 | ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is | |
1da177e4 LT |
211 | architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should |
212 | work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or | |
213 | later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). | |
214 | ||
5085cb26 DB |
215 | PCMCIAutils |
216 | ----------- | |
217 | ||
840f6690 | 218 | PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up |
5085cb26 DB |
219 | PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules |
220 | for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug | |
221 | subsystem is used. | |
1da177e4 | 222 | |
1da177e4 LT |
223 | Quota-tools |
224 | ----------- | |
225 | ||
226 | Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use | |
227 | the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and | |
228 | newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer | |
229 | from the table above. | |
230 | ||
231 | Intel IA32 microcode | |
232 | -------------------- | |
233 | ||
234 | A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, | |
890fbae2 | 235 | accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using |
1b49ecf2 | 236 | udev you may need to:: |
840f6690 MCC |
237 | |
238 | mkdir /dev/cpu | |
239 | mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 | |
240 | chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode | |
1da177e4 LT |
241 | |
242 | as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to | |
243 | get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. | |
244 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
245 | udev |
246 | ---- | |
840f6690 MCC |
247 | |
248 | ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with | |
249 | only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic | |
03a67a46 | 250 | functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for |
890fbae2 | 251 | devices. |
1da177e4 | 252 | |
909021ea MS |
253 | FUSE |
254 | ---- | |
255 | ||
256 | Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount | |
840f6690 | 257 | options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work. |
909021ea | 258 | |
1da177e4 | 259 | Networking |
840f6690 | 260 | ********** |
1da177e4 LT |
261 | |
262 | General changes | |
263 | --------------- | |
264 | ||
265 | If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably | |
266 | consider using the network tools from ip-route2. | |
267 | ||
268 | Packet Filter / NAT | |
269 | ------------------- | |
270 | The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x | |
271 | kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules | |
272 | for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. | |
273 | ||
274 | PPP | |
275 | --- | |
276 | ||
277 | The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to | |
278 | enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, | |
279 | upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. | |
280 | ||
890fbae2 | 281 | If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp |
1b49ecf2 | 282 | which can be made by:: |
840f6690 MCC |
283 | |
284 | mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 | |
1da177e4 LT |
285 | |
286 | as root. | |
287 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
288 | NFS-utils |
289 | --------- | |
290 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
291 | In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know |
292 | about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This | |
840f6690 MCC |
293 | information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client |
294 | mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs | |
295 | would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``. | |
1da177e4 LT |
296 | |
297 | This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct | |
298 | which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement | |
840f6690 | 299 | fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from |
1da177e4 LT |
300 | getting lots of old entries that never get removed. |
301 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
302 | With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd |
303 | when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give | |
304 | appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the | |
840f6690 | 305 | dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about |
5adaf851 | 306 | currently active clients. |
1da177e4 | 307 | |
1b49ecf2 | 308 | To enable this new functionality, you need to:: |
840f6690 | 309 | |
e4121712 | 310 | mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd |
1da177e4 LT |
311 | |
312 | before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS | |
313 | services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where | |
314 | that is possible. | |
315 | ||
172d899d AK |
316 | mcelog |
317 | ------ | |
318 | ||
c8c3f7d6 | 319 | On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check |
840f6690 MCC |
320 | events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors |
321 | reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. | |
172d899d | 322 | |
81f10d19 MCC |
323 | Kernel documentation |
324 | ******************** | |
325 | ||
326 | Sphinx | |
327 | ------ | |
328 | ||
f77af637 | 329 | Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>` |
b8b07b5c | 330 | for details about Sphinx requirements. |
81f10d19 | 331 | |
1da177e4 LT |
332 | Getting updated software |
333 | ======================== | |
334 | ||
335 | Kernel compilation | |
336 | ****************** | |
337 | ||
a1365647 AM |
338 | gcc |
339 | --- | |
840f6690 MCC |
340 | |
341 | - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> | |
1da177e4 | 342 | |
3519c4d6 ND |
343 | Clang/LLVM |
344 | ---------- | |
345 | ||
346 | - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. | |
347 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
348 | Make |
349 | ---- | |
840f6690 MCC |
350 | |
351 | - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
352 | |
353 | Binutils | |
354 | -------- | |
840f6690 | 355 | |
3bdadc86 | 356 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> |
1da177e4 | 357 | |
033dba2e MY |
358 | Flex |
359 | ---- | |
360 | ||
361 | - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> | |
362 | ||
363 | Bison | |
364 | ----- | |
365 | ||
366 | - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> | |
367 | ||
3f1d44ae DH |
368 | OpenSSL |
369 | ------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
370 | |
371 | - <https://www.openssl.org/> | |
3f1d44ae | 372 | |
1da177e4 LT |
373 | System utilities |
374 | **************** | |
375 | ||
376 | Util-linux | |
377 | ---------- | |
840f6690 | 378 | |
3bdadc86 | 379 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> |
1da177e4 | 380 | |
934193a6 RD |
381 | Kmod |
382 | ---- | |
383 | ||
384 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/> | |
385 | - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git> | |
386 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
387 | Ksymoops |
388 | -------- | |
840f6690 | 389 | |
3bdadc86 | 390 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> |
1da177e4 | 391 | |
1da177e4 LT |
392 | Mkinitrd |
393 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
394 | |
395 | - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main> | |
1da177e4 LT |
396 | |
397 | E2fsprogs | |
398 | --------- | |
840f6690 | 399 | |
599e6f8d RD |
400 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/> |
401 | - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
402 | |
403 | JFSutils | |
404 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
405 | |
406 | - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
407 | |
408 | Reiserfsprogs | |
409 | ------------- | |
840f6690 | 410 | |
599e6f8d | 411 | - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/> |
1da177e4 LT |
412 | |
413 | Xfsprogs | |
414 | -------- | |
840f6690 | 415 | |
599e6f8d RD |
416 | - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git> |
417 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/> | |
1da177e4 | 418 | |
5085cb26 DB |
419 | Pcmciautils |
420 | ----------- | |
840f6690 | 421 | |
3bdadc86 | 422 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> |
5085cb26 | 423 | |
1da177e4 | 424 | Quota-tools |
840f6690 MCC |
425 | ----------- |
426 | ||
427 | - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> | |
1da177e4 | 428 | |
8b0c2d98 | 429 | |
1da177e4 LT |
430 | Intel P6 microcode |
431 | ------------------ | |
840f6690 MCC |
432 | |
433 | - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> | |
1da177e4 | 434 | |
1da177e4 LT |
435 | udev |
436 | ---- | |
840f6690 | 437 | |
e7b4311e | 438 | - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html> |
1da177e4 | 439 | |
909021ea MS |
440 | FUSE |
441 | ---- | |
840f6690 | 442 | |
86afad7d | 443 | - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases> |
909021ea | 444 | |
172d899d AK |
445 | mcelog |
446 | ------ | |
840f6690 MCC |
447 | |
448 | - <http://www.mcelog.org/> | |
172d899d | 449 | |
1da177e4 LT |
450 | Networking |
451 | ********** | |
452 | ||
453 | PPP | |
454 | --- | |
840f6690 | 455 | |
599e6f8d RD |
456 | - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> |
457 | - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> | |
458 | - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> | |
1da177e4 | 459 | |
1da177e4 LT |
460 | NFS-utils |
461 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
462 | |
463 | - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> | |
1da177e4 LT |
464 | |
465 | Iptables | |
466 | -------- | |
840f6690 | 467 | |
599e6f8d | 468 | - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html> |
1da177e4 LT |
469 | |
470 | Ip-route2 | |
471 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
472 | |
473 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
474 | |
475 | OProfile | |
476 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
477 | |
478 | - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
479 | |
480 | NFS-Utils | |
481 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
482 | |
483 | - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
81f10d19 MCC |
484 | |
485 | Kernel documentation | |
486 | ******************** | |
487 | ||
488 | Sphinx | |
489 | ------ | |
490 | ||
e7b4311e | 491 | - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> |