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1/*
2 * Debug helper to dump the current kernel pagetables of the system
3 * so that we can see what the various memory ranges are set to.
4 *
5 * (C) Copyright 2008 Intel Corporation
6 *
7 * Author: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
8 *
9 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
10 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
11 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
12 * of the License.
13 */
14
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15#include <linux/debugfs.h>
16#include <linux/mm.h>
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17#include <linux/module.h>
18#include <linux/seq_file.h>
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19
20#include <asm/pgtable.h>
21
22/*
23 * The dumper groups pagetable entries of the same type into one, and for
24 * that it needs to keep some state when walking, and flush this state
25 * when a "break" in the continuity is found.
26 */
27struct pg_state {
28 int level;
29 pgprot_t current_prot;
30 unsigned long start_address;
31 unsigned long current_address;
fe770bf0 32 const struct addr_marker *marker;
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33};
34
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35struct addr_marker {
36 unsigned long start_address;
37 const char *name;
38};
39
40/* Address space markers hints */
41static struct addr_marker address_markers[] = {
42 { 0, "User Space" },
43#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
44 { 0x8000000000000000UL, "Kernel Space" },
45 { 0xffff810000000000UL, "Low Kernel Mapping" },
46 { VMALLOC_START, "vmalloc() Area" },
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47 { VMEMMAP_START, "Vmemmap" },
48 { __START_KERNEL_map, "High Kernel Mapping" },
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49 { MODULES_VADDR, "Modules" },
50 { MODULES_END, "End Modules" },
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51#else
52 { PAGE_OFFSET, "Kernel Mapping" },
53 { 0/* VMALLOC_START */, "vmalloc() Area" },
54 { 0/*VMALLOC_END*/, "vmalloc() End" },
55# ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
56 { 0/*PKMAP_BASE*/, "Persisent kmap() Area" },
57# endif
58 { 0/*FIXADDR_START*/, "Fixmap Area" },
59#endif
60 { -1, NULL } /* End of list */
61};
926e5392 62
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63/* Multipliers for offsets within the PTEs */
64#define PTE_LEVEL_MULT (PAGE_SIZE)
65#define PMD_LEVEL_MULT (PTRS_PER_PTE * PTE_LEVEL_MULT)
66#define PUD_LEVEL_MULT (PTRS_PER_PMD * PMD_LEVEL_MULT)
67#define PGD_LEVEL_MULT (PTRS_PER_PUD * PUD_LEVEL_MULT)
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68
69/*
70 * Print a readable form of a pgprot_t to the seq_file
71 */
72static void printk_prot(struct seq_file *m, pgprot_t prot, int level)
73{
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74 pgprotval_t pr = pgprot_val(prot);
75 static const char * const level_name[] =
76 { "cr3", "pgd", "pud", "pmd", "pte" };
77
78 if (!pgprot_val(prot)) {
79 /* Not present */
80 seq_printf(m, " ");
81 } else {
82 if (pr & _PAGE_USER)
83 seq_printf(m, "USR ");
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84 else
85 seq_printf(m, " ");
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86 if (pr & _PAGE_RW)
87 seq_printf(m, "RW ");
88 else
89 seq_printf(m, "ro ");
90 if (pr & _PAGE_PWT)
91 seq_printf(m, "PWT ");
92 else
93 seq_printf(m, " ");
94 if (pr & _PAGE_PCD)
95 seq_printf(m, "PCD ");
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96 else
97 seq_printf(m, " ");
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98
99 /* Bit 9 has a different meaning on level 3 vs 4 */
100 if (level <= 3) {
101 if (pr & _PAGE_PSE)
102 seq_printf(m, "PSE ");
103 else
104 seq_printf(m, " ");
105 } else {
106 if (pr & _PAGE_PAT)
107 seq_printf(m, "pat ");
108 else
109 seq_printf(m, " ");
110 }
111 if (pr & _PAGE_GLOBAL)
112 seq_printf(m, "GLB ");
113 else
114 seq_printf(m, " ");
115 if (pr & _PAGE_NX)
116 seq_printf(m, "NX ");
117 else
118 seq_printf(m, "x ");
926e5392 119 }
fe770bf0 120 seq_printf(m, "%s\n", level_name[level]);
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121}
122
123/*
fe770bf0 124 * On 64 bits, sign-extend the 48 bit address to 64 bit
926e5392 125 */
fe770bf0 126static unsigned long normalize_addr(unsigned long u)
926e5392 127{
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128#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
129 return (signed long)(u << 16) >> 16;
130#else
926e5392 131 return u;
fe770bf0 132#endif
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133}
134
135/*
136 * This function gets called on a break in a continuous series
137 * of PTE entries; the next one is different so we need to
138 * print what we collected so far.
139 */
140static void note_page(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st,
fe770bf0 141 pgprot_t new_prot, int level)
926e5392 142{
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143 pgprotval_t prot, cur;
144 static const char units[] = "KMGTPE";
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145
146 /*
147 * If we have a "break" in the series, we need to flush the state that
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148 * we have now. "break" is either changing perms, levels or
149 * address space marker.
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150 */
151 prot = pgprot_val(new_prot) & ~(PTE_MASK);
152 cur = pgprot_val(st->current_prot) & ~(PTE_MASK);
153
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154 if (!st->level) {
155 /* First entry */
156 st->current_prot = new_prot;
157 st->level = level;
158 st->marker = address_markers;
159 seq_printf(m, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
160 } else if (prot != cur || level != st->level ||
161 st->current_address >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
162 const char *unit = units;
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163 unsigned long delta;
164
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165 /*
166 * Now print the actual finished series
167 */
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168 seq_printf(m, "0x%p-0x%p ",
169 (void *)st->start_address,
170 (void *)st->current_address);
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171
172 delta = (st->current_address - st->start_address) >> 10;
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173 while (!(delta & 1023) && unit[1]) {
174 delta >>= 10;
175 unit++;
926e5392 176 }
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177 seq_printf(m, "%9lu%c ", delta, *unit);
178 printk_prot(m, st->current_prot, st->level);
179
180 /*
181 * We print markers for special areas of address space,
182 * such as the start of vmalloc space etc.
183 * This helps in the interpretation.
184 */
185 if (st->current_address >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
186 st->marker++;
187 seq_printf(m, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
926e5392 188 }
fe770bf0 189
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190 st->start_address = st->current_address;
191 st->current_prot = new_prot;
192 st->level = level;
fe770bf0 193 }
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194}
195
fe770bf0 196static void walk_pte_level(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st, pmd_t addr,
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197 unsigned long P)
198{
199 int i;
200 pte_t *start;
201
202 start = (pte_t *) pmd_page_vaddr(addr);
203 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++) {
204 pgprot_t prot = pte_pgprot(*start);
205
fe770bf0 206 st->current_address = normalize_addr(P + i * PTE_LEVEL_MULT);
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207 note_page(m, st, prot, 4);
208 start++;
209 }
210}
211
fe770bf0 212#if PTRS_PER_PMD > 1
926e5392 213
fe770bf0 214static void walk_pmd_level(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st, pud_t addr,
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215 unsigned long P)
216{
217 int i;
218 pmd_t *start;
219
220 start = (pmd_t *) pud_page_vaddr(addr);
221 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++) {
fe770bf0 222 st->current_address = normalize_addr(P + i * PMD_LEVEL_MULT);
926e5392 223 if (!pmd_none(*start)) {
fe770bf0 224 pgprotval_t prot = pmd_val(*start) & ~PTE_MASK;
926e5392 225
fe770bf0 226 if (pmd_large(*start) || !pmd_present(*start))
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227 note_page(m, st, __pgprot(prot), 3);
228 else
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229 walk_pte_level(m, st, *start,
230 P + i * PMD_LEVEL_MULT);
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231 } else
232 note_page(m, st, __pgprot(0), 3);
233 start++;
234 }
235}
236
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237#else
238#define walk_pmd_level(m,s,a,p) walk_pte_level(m,s,__pmd(pud_val(a)),p)
239#define pud_large(a) pmd_large(__pmd(pud_val(a)))
240#define pud_none(a) pmd_none(__pmd(pud_val(a)))
241#endif
926e5392 242
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243#if PTRS_PER_PUD > 1
244
245static void walk_pud_level(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st, pgd_t addr,
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246 unsigned long P)
247{
248 int i;
249 pud_t *start;
250
251 start = (pud_t *) pgd_page_vaddr(addr);
252
253 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++) {
fe770bf0 254 st->current_address = normalize_addr(P + i * PUD_LEVEL_MULT);
926e5392 255 if (!pud_none(*start)) {
fe770bf0 256 pgprotval_t prot = pud_val(*start) & ~PTE_MASK;
926e5392 257
fe770bf0 258 if (pud_large(*start) || !pud_present(*start))
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259 note_page(m, st, __pgprot(prot), 2);
260 else
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261 walk_pmd_level(m, st, *start,
262 P + i * PUD_LEVEL_MULT);
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263 } else
264 note_page(m, st, __pgprot(0), 2);
265
266 start++;
267 }
268}
269
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270#else
271#define walk_pud_level(m,s,a,p) walk_pmd_level(m,s,__pud(pgd_val(a)),p)
272#define pgd_large(a) pud_large(__pud(pgd_val(a)))
273#define pgd_none(a) pud_none(__pud(pgd_val(a)))
274#endif
275
276static void walk_pgd_level(struct seq_file *m)
926e5392 277{
fe770bf0 278#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
926e5392 279 pgd_t *start = (pgd_t *) &init_level4_pgt;
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280#else
281 pgd_t *start = swapper_pg_dir;
282#endif
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283 int i;
284 struct pg_state st;
285
286 memset(&st, 0, sizeof(st));
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287
288 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PGD; i++) {
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289 st.current_address = normalize_addr(i * PGD_LEVEL_MULT);
290 if (!pgd_none(*start)) {
291 pgprotval_t prot = pgd_val(*start) & ~PTE_MASK;
292
293 if (pgd_large(*start) || !pgd_present(*start))
294 note_page(m, &st, __pgprot(prot), 1);
295 else
296 walk_pud_level(m, &st, *start,
297 i * PGD_LEVEL_MULT);
298 } else
926e5392 299 note_page(m, &st, __pgprot(0), 1);
fe770bf0 300
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301 start++;
302 }
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303
304 /* Flush out the last page */
305 st.current_address = normalize_addr(PTRS_PER_PGD*PGD_LEVEL_MULT);
306 note_page(m, &st, __pgprot(0), 0);
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307}
308
309static int ptdump_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
310{
fe770bf0 311 walk_pgd_level(m);
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312 return 0;
313}
314
315static int ptdump_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
316{
317 return single_open(filp, ptdump_show, NULL);
318}
319
320static const struct file_operations ptdump_fops = {
321 .open = ptdump_open,
322 .read = seq_read,
323 .llseek = seq_lseek,
324 .release = single_release,
325};
326
a4928cff 327static int pt_dump_init(void)
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328{
329 struct dentry *pe;
330
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331#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
332 /* Not a compile-time constant on x86-32 */
333 address_markers[2].start_address = VMALLOC_START;
334 address_markers[3].start_address = VMALLOC_END;
335# ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
336 address_markers[4].start_address = PKMAP_BASE;
337 address_markers[5].start_address = FIXADDR_START;
338# else
339 address_markers[4].start_address = FIXADDR_START;
340# endif
341#endif
342
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343 pe = debugfs_create_file("kernel_page_tables", 0600, NULL, NULL,
344 &ptdump_fops);
345 if (!pe)
346 return -ENOMEM;
347
348 return 0;
349}
350
351__initcall(pt_dump_init);
352MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
353MODULE_AUTHOR("Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>");
354MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Kernel debugging helper that dumps pagetables");