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0efdf0fe | 1 | .. _bgp: |
42fc5d26 QY |
2 | |
3 | *** | |
4 | BGP | |
5 | *** | |
6 | ||
8fcedbd2 | 7 | :abbr:`BGP` stands for Border Gateway Protocol. The latest BGP version is 4. |
d1e7591e | 8 | BGP-4 is one of the Exterior Gateway Protocols and the de facto standard |
8fcedbd2 QY |
9 | interdomain routing protocol. BGP-4 is described in :rfc:`1771` and updated by |
10 | :rfc:`4271`. :rfc:`2858` adds multiprotocol support to BGP-4. | |
42fc5d26 | 11 | |
0efdf0fe | 12 | .. _starting-bgp: |
42fc5d26 QY |
13 | |
14 | Starting BGP | |
15 | ============ | |
16 | ||
8fcedbd2 QY |
17 | The default configuration file of *bgpd* is :file:`bgpd.conf`. *bgpd* searches |
18 | the current directory first, followed by |INSTALL_PREFIX_ETC|/bgpd.conf. All of | |
19 | *bgpd*'s commands must be configured in :file:`bgpd.conf` when the integrated | |
20 | config is not being used. | |
42fc5d26 | 21 | |
c1a54c05 | 22 | *bgpd* specific invocation options are described below. Common options may also |
0efdf0fe | 23 | be specified (:ref:`common-invocation-options`). |
42fc5d26 | 24 | |
c1a54c05 | 25 | .. program:: bgpd |
42fc5d26 | 26 | |
c9365894 | 27 | .. option:: -p, --bgp_port <port> |
42fc5d26 | 28 | |
db759bb0 | 29 | Set the bgp protocol's port number. When port number is 0, that means do not |
30 | listen bgp port. | |
42fc5d26 | 31 | |
c9365894 | 32 | .. option:: -l, --listenon |
42fc5d26 | 33 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
34 | Specify a specific IP address for bgpd to listen on, rather than its |
35 | default of INADDR_ANY / IN6ADDR_ANY. This can be useful to constrain bgpd | |
36 | to an internal address, or to run multiple bgpd processes on one host. | |
42fc5d26 | 37 | |
8fcedbd2 | 38 | .. _bgp-basic-concepts: |
42fc5d26 | 39 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
40 | Basic Concepts |
41 | ============== | |
42fc5d26 | 42 | |
8fcedbd2 | 43 | .. _bgp-autonomous-systems: |
c3c5a71f | 44 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
45 | Autonomous Systems |
46 | ------------------ | |
42fc5d26 | 47 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
48 | The :abbr:`AS (Autonomous System)` number is one of the essential element of |
49 | BGP. BGP is a distance vector routing protocol, and the AS-Path framework | |
50 | provides distance vector metric and loop detection to BGP. :rfc:`1930` provides | |
51 | some background on the concepts of an AS. | |
42fc5d26 | 52 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
53 | The AS number is a two octet value, ranging in value from 1 to 65535. The AS |
54 | numbers 64512 through 65535 are defined as private AS numbers. Private AS | |
55 | numbers must not to be advertised in the global Internet. | |
42fc5d26 | 56 | |
8fcedbd2 | 57 | .. _bgp-address-families: |
42fc5d26 | 58 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
59 | Address Families |
60 | ---------------- | |
42fc5d26 | 61 | |
8fcedbd2 | 62 | Multiprotocol BGP enables BGP to carry routing information for multiple Network |
f90115c5 LB |
63 | Layer protocols. BGP supports an Address Family Identifier (AFI) for IPv4 and |
64 | IPv6. Support is also provided for multiple sets of per-AFI information via the | |
65 | BGP Subsequent Address Family Identifier (SAFI). FRR supports SAFIs for unicast | |
66 | information, labeled information :rfc:`3107` and :rfc:`8277`, and Layer 3 VPN | |
67 | information :rfc:`4364` and :rfc:`4659`. | |
c3c5a71f | 68 | |
8fcedbd2 | 69 | .. _bgp-route-selection: |
42fc5d26 | 70 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
71 | Route Selection |
72 | --------------- | |
42fc5d26 | 73 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
74 | The route selection process used by FRR's BGP implementation uses the following |
75 | decision criterion, starting at the top of the list and going towards the | |
76 | bottom until one of the factors can be used. | |
42fc5d26 | 77 | |
8fcedbd2 | 78 | 1. **Weight check** |
42fc5d26 | 79 | |
c1a54c05 | 80 | Prefer higher local weight routes to lower routes. |
42fc5d26 | 81 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
82 | 2. **Local preference check** |
83 | ||
c1a54c05 | 84 | Prefer higher local preference routes to lower. |
42fc5d26 | 85 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
86 | 3. **Local route check** |
87 | ||
c1a54c05 | 88 | Prefer local routes (statics, aggregates, redistributed) to received routes. |
42fc5d26 | 89 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
90 | 4. **AS path length check** |
91 | ||
c1a54c05 | 92 | Prefer shortest hop-count AS_PATHs. |
42fc5d26 | 93 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
94 | 5. **Origin check** |
95 | ||
c1a54c05 QY |
96 | Prefer the lowest origin type route. That is, prefer IGP origin routes to |
97 | EGP, to Incomplete routes. | |
42fc5d26 | 98 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
99 | 6. **MED check** |
100 | ||
c1a54c05 | 101 | Where routes with a MED were received from the same AS, prefer the route |
0efdf0fe | 102 | with the lowest MED. :ref:`bgp-med`. |
42fc5d26 | 103 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
104 | 7. **External check** |
105 | ||
c1a54c05 QY |
106 | Prefer the route received from an external, eBGP peer over routes received |
107 | from other types of peers. | |
42fc5d26 | 108 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
109 | 8. **IGP cost check** |
110 | ||
c1a54c05 | 111 | Prefer the route with the lower IGP cost. |
42fc5d26 | 112 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
113 | 9. **Multi-path check** |
114 | ||
c1a54c05 QY |
115 | If multi-pathing is enabled, then check whether the routes not yet |
116 | distinguished in preference may be considered equal. If | |
9e146a81 | 117 | :clicmd:`bgp bestpath as-path multipath-relax` is set, all such routes are |
c1a54c05 QY |
118 | considered equal, otherwise routes received via iBGP with identical AS_PATHs |
119 | or routes received from eBGP neighbours in the same AS are considered equal. | |
42fc5d26 | 120 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
121 | 10. **Already-selected external check** |
122 | ||
07738543 QY |
123 | Where both routes were received from eBGP peers, then prefer the route |
124 | which is already selected. Note that this check is not applied if | |
125 | :clicmd:`bgp bestpath compare-routerid` is configured. This check can | |
126 | prevent some cases of oscillation. | |
127 | ||
8fcedbd2 QY |
128 | 11. **Router-ID check** |
129 | ||
07738543 QY |
130 | Prefer the route with the lowest `router-ID`. If the route has an |
131 | `ORIGINATOR_ID` attribute, through iBGP reflection, then that router ID is | |
132 | used, otherwise the `router-ID` of the peer the route was received from is | |
133 | used. | |
134 | ||
8fcedbd2 QY |
135 | 12. **Cluster-List length check** |
136 | ||
07738543 QY |
137 | The route with the shortest cluster-list length is used. The cluster-list |
138 | reflects the iBGP reflection path the route has taken. | |
139 | ||
8fcedbd2 QY |
140 | 13. **Peer address** |
141 | ||
07738543 QY |
142 | Prefer the route received from the peer with the higher transport layer |
143 | address, as a last-resort tie-breaker. | |
42fc5d26 | 144 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
145 | .. _bgp-capability-negotiation: |
146 | ||
147 | Capability Negotiation | |
148 | ---------------------- | |
149 | ||
150 | When adding IPv6 routing information exchange feature to BGP. There were some | |
151 | proposals. :abbr:`IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)` | |
152 | :abbr:`IDR (Inter Domain Routing)` adopted a proposal called Multiprotocol | |
153 | Extension for BGP. The specification is described in :rfc:`2283`. The protocol | |
154 | does not define new protocols. It defines new attributes to existing BGP. When | |
155 | it is used exchanging IPv6 routing information it is called BGP-4+. When it is | |
156 | used for exchanging multicast routing information it is called MBGP. | |
157 | ||
158 | *bgpd* supports Multiprotocol Extension for BGP. So if a remote peer supports | |
159 | the protocol, *bgpd* can exchange IPv6 and/or multicast routing information. | |
160 | ||
161 | Traditional BGP did not have the feature to detect a remote peer's | |
162 | capabilities, e.g. whether it can handle prefix types other than IPv4 unicast | |
163 | routes. This was a big problem using Multiprotocol Extension for BGP in an | |
164 | operational network. :rfc:`2842` adopted a feature called Capability | |
165 | Negotiation. *bgpd* use this Capability Negotiation to detect the remote peer's | |
166 | capabilities. If a peer is only configured as an IPv4 unicast neighbor, *bgpd* | |
167 | does not send these Capability Negotiation packets (at least not unless other | |
168 | optional BGP features require capability negotiation). | |
169 | ||
170 | By default, FRR will bring up peering with minimal common capability for the | |
171 | both sides. For example, if the local router has unicast and multicast | |
172 | capabilities and the remote router only has unicast capability the local router | |
173 | will establish the connection with unicast only capability. When there are no | |
174 | common capabilities, FRR sends Unsupported Capability error and then resets the | |
175 | connection. | |
176 | ||
f90115c5 LB |
177 | .. _bgp-concepts-vrfs: |
178 | ||
179 | VRFs: Virtual Routing and Forwarding | |
180 | ------------------------------------ | |
181 | ||
182 | *bgpd* supports :abbr:`L3VPN (Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks)` :abbr:`VRFs | |
183 | (Virtual Routing and Forwarding tables)` for IPv4 :rfc:`4364` and IPv6 | |
184 | :rfc:`4659`. L3VPN routes, and their associated VRF MPLS labels, can be | |
185 | distributed to VPN SAFI neighbors in the *default*, i.e., non VRF, BGP | |
186 | instance. VRF MPLS labels are reached using *core* MPLS labels which are | |
187 | distributed using LDP or BGP labeled unicast. *bgpd* also supports inter-VRF | |
188 | route leaking. General information on FRR's VRF support can be found in | |
189 | :ref:`zebra-vrf`. | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
190 | |
191 | .. _bgp-router-configuration: | |
192 | ||
193 | BGP Router Configuration | |
194 | ======================== | |
195 | ||
196 | ASN and Router ID | |
197 | ----------------- | |
198 | ||
199 | First of all you must configure BGP router with the :clicmd:`router bgp ASN` | |
200 | command. The AS number is an identifier for the autonomous system. The BGP | |
201 | protocol uses the AS number for detecting whether the BGP connection is | |
202 | internal or external. | |
203 | ||
204 | .. index:: router bgp ASN | |
205 | .. clicmd:: router bgp ASN | |
206 | ||
207 | Enable a BGP protocol process with the specified ASN. After | |
208 | this statement you can input any `BGP Commands`. | |
209 | ||
210 | .. index:: no router bgp ASN | |
211 | .. clicmd:: no router bgp ASN | |
212 | ||
213 | Destroy a BGP protocol process with the specified ASN. | |
214 | ||
215 | .. index:: bgp router-id A.B.C.D | |
216 | .. clicmd:: bgp router-id A.B.C.D | |
217 | ||
218 | This command specifies the router-ID. If *bgpd* connects to *zebra* it gets | |
219 | interface and address information. In that case default router ID value is | |
220 | selected as the largest IP Address of the interfaces. When `router zebra` is | |
221 | not enabled *bgpd* can't get interface information so `router-id` is set to | |
222 | 0.0.0.0. So please set router-id by hand. | |
223 | ||
224 | Route Selection | |
225 | --------------- | |
c3c5a71f | 226 | |
c1a54c05 | 227 | .. index:: bgp bestpath as-path confed |
29adcd50 | 228 | .. clicmd:: bgp bestpath as-path confed |
42fc5d26 | 229 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
230 | This command specifies that the length of confederation path sets and |
231 | sequences should should be taken into account during the BGP best path | |
232 | decision process. | |
42fc5d26 | 233 | |
c3c5a71f | 234 | .. index:: bgp bestpath as-path multipath-relax |
29adcd50 | 235 | .. clicmd:: bgp bestpath as-path multipath-relax |
42fc5d26 | 236 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
237 | This command specifies that BGP decision process should consider paths |
238 | of equal AS_PATH length candidates for multipath computation. Without | |
239 | the knob, the entire AS_PATH must match for multipath computation. | |
c3c5a71f | 240 | |
29adcd50 | 241 | .. clicmd:: bgp bestpath compare-routerid |
42fc5d26 | 242 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
243 | Ensure that when comparing routes where both are equal on most metrics, |
244 | including local-pref, AS_PATH length, IGP cost, MED, that the tie is broken | |
245 | based on router-ID. | |
42fc5d26 | 246 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
247 | If this option is enabled, then the already-selected check, where |
248 | already selected eBGP routes are preferred, is skipped. | |
42fc5d26 | 249 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
250 | If a route has an `ORIGINATOR_ID` attribute because it has been reflected, |
251 | that `ORIGINATOR_ID` will be used. Otherwise, the router-ID of the peer the | |
252 | route was received from will be used. | |
42fc5d26 | 253 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
254 | The advantage of this is that the route-selection (at this point) will be |
255 | more deterministic. The disadvantage is that a few or even one lowest-ID | |
d1e7591e | 256 | router may attract all traffic to otherwise-equal paths because of this |
c1a54c05 QY |
257 | check. It may increase the possibility of MED or IGP oscillation, unless |
258 | other measures were taken to avoid these. The exact behaviour will be | |
259 | sensitive to the iBGP and reflection topology. | |
42fc5d26 | 260 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
261 | .. _bgp-distance: |
262 | ||
263 | Administrative Distance Metrics | |
264 | ------------------------------- | |
265 | ||
266 | .. index:: distance bgp (1-255) (1-255) (1-255) | |
267 | .. clicmd:: distance bgp (1-255) (1-255) (1-255) | |
268 | ||
269 | This command change distance value of BGP. The arguments are the distance | |
270 | values for for external routes, internal routes and local routes | |
271 | respectively. | |
272 | ||
273 | .. index:: distance (1-255) A.B.C.D/M | |
274 | .. clicmd:: distance (1-255) A.B.C.D/M | |
275 | ||
276 | .. index:: distance (1-255) A.B.C.D/M WORD | |
277 | .. clicmd:: distance (1-255) A.B.C.D/M WORD | |
278 | ||
279 | Sets the administrative distance for a particular route. | |
42fc5d26 | 280 | |
0efdf0fe | 281 | .. _bgp-route-flap-dampening: |
42fc5d26 | 282 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
283 | Route Flap Dampening |
284 | -------------------- | |
42fc5d26 | 285 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
286 | .. clicmd:: bgp dampening (1-45) (1-20000) (1-20000) (1-255) |
287 | ||
c1a54c05 | 288 | This command enables BGP route-flap dampening and specifies dampening parameters. |
42fc5d26 | 289 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
290 | half-life |
291 | Half-life time for the penalty | |
42fc5d26 | 292 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
293 | reuse-threshold |
294 | Value to start reusing a route | |
42fc5d26 | 295 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
296 | suppress-threshold |
297 | Value to start suppressing a route | |
42fc5d26 | 298 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
299 | max-suppress |
300 | Maximum duration to suppress a stable route | |
42fc5d26 | 301 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
302 | The route-flap damping algorithm is compatible with :rfc:`2439`. The use of |
303 | this command is not recommended nowadays. | |
42fc5d26 | 304 | |
c1a54c05 | 305 | .. seealso:: |
8fcedbd2 | 306 | https://www.ripe.net/publications/docs/ripe-378 |
42fc5d26 | 307 | |
0efdf0fe | 308 | .. _bgp-med: |
42fc5d26 | 309 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
310 | Multi-Exit Discriminator |
311 | ------------------------ | |
42fc5d26 | 312 | |
8fcedbd2 | 313 | The BGP :abbr:`MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator)` attribute has properties which |
c1a54c05 QY |
314 | can cause subtle convergence problems in BGP. These properties and problems |
315 | have proven to be hard to understand, at least historically, and may still not | |
316 | be widely understood. The following attempts to collect together and present | |
317 | what is known about MED, to help operators and FRR users in designing and | |
318 | configuring their networks. | |
42fc5d26 | 319 | |
07a17e6d QY |
320 | The BGP :abbr:`MED` attribute is intended to allow one AS to indicate its |
321 | preferences for its ingress points to another AS. The MED attribute will not be | |
322 | propagated on to another AS by the receiving AS - it is 'non-transitive' in the | |
323 | BGP sense. | |
42fc5d26 | 324 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
325 | E.g., if AS X and AS Y have 2 different BGP peering points, then AS X might set |
326 | a MED of 100 on routes advertised at one and a MED of 200 at the other. When AS | |
327 | Y selects between otherwise equal routes to or via AS X, AS Y should prefer to | |
328 | take the path via the lower MED peering of 100 with AS X. Setting the MED | |
329 | allows an AS to influence the routing taken to it within another, neighbouring | |
330 | AS. | |
42fc5d26 QY |
331 | |
332 | In this use of MED it is not really meaningful to compare the MED value on | |
c1a54c05 QY |
333 | routes where the next AS on the paths differs. E.g., if AS Y also had a route |
334 | for some destination via AS Z in addition to the routes from AS X, and AS Z had | |
335 | also set a MED, it wouldn't make sense for AS Y to compare AS Z's MED values to | |
336 | those of AS X. The MED values have been set by different administrators, with | |
337 | different frames of reference. | |
42fc5d26 QY |
338 | |
339 | The default behaviour of BGP therefore is to not compare MED values across | |
dc1046f7 | 340 | routes received from different neighbouring ASes. In FRR this is done by |
c1a54c05 QY |
341 | comparing the neighbouring, left-most AS in the received AS_PATHs of the routes |
342 | and only comparing MED if those are the same. | |
343 | ||
344 | Unfortunately, this behaviour of MED, of sometimes being compared across routes | |
345 | and sometimes not, depending on the properties of those other routes, means MED | |
346 | can cause the order of preference over all the routes to be undefined. That is, | |
347 | given routes A, B, and C, if A is preferred to B, and B is preferred to C, then | |
348 | a well-defined order should mean the preference is transitive (in the sense of | |
013f9762 | 349 | orders [#med-transitivity-rant]_) and that A would be preferred to C. |
42fc5d26 | 350 | |
c3c5a71f QY |
351 | However, when MED is involved this need not be the case. With MED it is |
352 | possible that C is actually preferred over A. So A is preferred to B, B is | |
353 | preferred to C, but C is preferred to A. This can be true even where BGP | |
c1a54c05 QY |
354 | defines a deterministic 'most preferred' route out of the full set of A,B,C. |
355 | With MED, for any given set of routes there may be a deterministically | |
356 | preferred route, but there need not be any way to arrange them into any order | |
357 | of preference. With unmodified MED, the order of preference of routes literally | |
358 | becomes undefined. | |
42fc5d26 | 359 | |
c3c5a71f | 360 | That MED can induce non-transitive preferences over routes can cause issues. |
c1a54c05 QY |
361 | Firstly, it may be perceived to cause routing table churn locally at speakers; |
362 | secondly, and more seriously, it may cause routing instability in iBGP | |
363 | topologies, where sets of speakers continually oscillate between different | |
364 | paths. | |
42fc5d26 | 365 | |
c3c5a71f | 366 | The first issue arises from how speakers often implement routing decisions. |
c1a54c05 QY |
367 | Though BGP defines a selection process that will deterministically select the |
368 | same route as best at any given speaker, even with MED, that process requires | |
369 | evaluating all routes together. For performance and ease of implementation | |
370 | reasons, many implementations evaluate route preferences in a pair-wise fashion | |
371 | instead. Given there is no well-defined order when MED is involved, the best | |
372 | route that will be chosen becomes subject to implementation details, such as | |
373 | the order the routes are stored in. That may be (locally) non-deterministic, | |
374 | e.g.: it may be the order the routes were received in. | |
42fc5d26 QY |
375 | |
376 | This indeterminism may be considered undesirable, though it need not cause | |
c1a54c05 QY |
377 | problems. It may mean additional routing churn is perceived, as sometimes more |
378 | updates may be produced than at other times in reaction to some event . | |
42fc5d26 QY |
379 | |
380 | This first issue can be fixed with a more deterministic route selection that | |
c3c5a71f | 381 | ensures routes are ordered by the neighbouring AS during selection. |
9e146a81 | 382 | :clicmd:`bgp deterministic-med`. This may reduce the number of updates as routes |
c1a54c05 QY |
383 | are received, and may in some cases reduce routing churn. Though, it could |
384 | equally deterministically produce the largest possible set of updates in | |
385 | response to the most common sequence of received updates. | |
42fc5d26 QY |
386 | |
387 | A deterministic order of evaluation tends to imply an additional overhead of | |
c3c5a71f | 388 | sorting over any set of n routes to a destination. The implementation of |
dc1046f7 | 389 | deterministic MED in FRR scales significantly worse than most sorting |
c1a54c05 QY |
390 | algorithms at present, with the number of paths to a given destination. That |
391 | number is often low enough to not cause any issues, but where there are many | |
392 | paths, the deterministic comparison may quickly become increasingly expensive | |
393 | in terms of CPU. | |
394 | ||
395 | Deterministic local evaluation can *not* fix the second, more major, issue of | |
396 | MED however. Which is that the non-transitive preference of routes MED can | |
397 | cause may lead to routing instability or oscillation across multiple speakers | |
398 | in iBGP topologies. This can occur with full-mesh iBGP, but is particularly | |
399 | problematic in non-full-mesh iBGP topologies that further reduce the routing | |
400 | information known to each speaker. This has primarily been documented with iBGP | |
401 | route-reflection topologies. However, any route-hiding technologies potentially | |
402 | could also exacerbate oscillation with MED. | |
403 | ||
404 | This second issue occurs where speakers each have only a subset of routes, and | |
405 | there are cycles in the preferences between different combinations of routes - | |
406 | as the undefined order of preference of MED allows - and the routes are | |
407 | distributed in a way that causes the BGP speakers to 'chase' those cycles. This | |
408 | can occur even if all speakers use a deterministic order of evaluation in route | |
409 | selection. | |
410 | ||
411 | E.g., speaker 4 in AS A might receive a route from speaker 2 in AS X, and from | |
412 | speaker 3 in AS Y; while speaker 5 in AS A might receive that route from | |
413 | speaker 1 in AS Y. AS Y might set a MED of 200 at speaker 1, and 100 at speaker | |
414 | 3. I.e, using ASN:ID:MED to label the speakers: | |
42fc5d26 QY |
415 | |
416 | :: | |
417 | ||
c1a54c05 QY |
418 | . |
419 | /---------------\\ | |
42fc5d26 | 420 | X:2------|--A:4-------A:5--|-Y:1:200 |
c1a54c05 QY |
421 | Y:3:100--|-/ | |
422 | \\---------------/ | |
c3c5a71f | 423 | |
42fc5d26 | 424 | |
42fc5d26 | 425 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
426 | Assuming all other metrics are equal (AS_PATH, ORIGIN, 0 IGP costs), then based |
427 | on the RFC4271 decision process speaker 4 will choose X:2 over Y:3:100, based | |
428 | on the lower ID of 2. Speaker 4 advertises X:2 to speaker 5. Speaker 5 will | |
429 | continue to prefer Y:1:200 based on the ID, and advertise this to speaker 4. | |
430 | Speaker 4 will now have the full set of routes, and the Y:1:200 it receives | |
431 | from 5 will beat X:2, but when speaker 4 compares Y:1:200 to Y:3:100 the MED | |
432 | check now becomes active as the ASes match, and now Y:3:100 is preferred. | |
433 | Speaker 4 therefore now advertises Y:3:100 to 5, which will also agrees that | |
434 | Y:3:100 is preferred to Y:1:200, and so withdraws the latter route from 4. | |
435 | Speaker 4 now has only X:2 and Y:3:100, and X:2 beats Y:3:100, and so speaker 4 | |
436 | implicitly updates its route to speaker 5 to X:2. Speaker 5 sees that Y:1:200 | |
437 | beats X:2 based on the ID, and advertises Y:1:200 to speaker 4, and the cycle | |
438 | continues. | |
42fc5d26 QY |
439 | |
440 | The root cause is the lack of a clear order of preference caused by how MED | |
441 | sometimes is and sometimes is not compared, leading to this cycle in the | |
442 | preferences between the routes: | |
443 | ||
444 | :: | |
445 | ||
c1a54c05 QY |
446 | . |
447 | /---> X:2 ---beats---> Y:3:100 --\\ | |
448 | | | | |
449 | | | | |
450 | \\---beats--- Y:1:200 <---beats---/ | |
c3c5a71f | 451 | |
42fc5d26 | 452 | |
42fc5d26 QY |
453 | |
454 | This particular type of oscillation in full-mesh iBGP topologies can be | |
455 | avoided by speakers preferring already selected, external routes rather than | |
c1a54c05 QY |
456 | choosing to update to new a route based on a post-MED metric (e.g. router-ID), |
457 | at the cost of a non-deterministic selection process. FRR implements this, as | |
458 | do many other implementations, so long as it is not overridden by setting | |
9e146a81 | 459 | :clicmd:`bgp bestpath compare-routerid`, and see also |
8fcedbd2 | 460 | :ref:`bgp-route-selection`. |
42fc5d26 QY |
461 | |
462 | However, more complex and insidious cycles of oscillation are possible with | |
c3c5a71f | 463 | iBGP route-reflection, which are not so easily avoided. These have been |
c1a54c05 QY |
464 | documented in various places. See, e.g.: |
465 | ||
466 | - [bgp-route-osci-cond]_ | |
467 | - [stable-flexible-ibgp]_ | |
468 | - [ibgp-correctness]_ | |
469 | ||
470 | for concrete examples and further references. | |
471 | ||
472 | There is as of this writing *no* known way to use MED for its original purpose; | |
473 | *and* reduce routing information in iBGP topologies; *and* be sure to avoid the | |
474 | instability problems of MED due the non-transitive routing preferences it can | |
475 | induce; in general on arbitrary networks. | |
476 | ||
477 | There may be iBGP topology specific ways to reduce the instability risks, even | |
478 | while using MED, e.g.: by constraining the reflection topology and by tuning | |
013f9762 | 479 | IGP costs between route-reflector clusters, see :rfc:`3345` for details. In the |
c1a54c05 QY |
480 | near future, the Add-Path extension to BGP may also solve MED oscillation while |
481 | still allowing MED to be used as intended, by distributing "best-paths per | |
482 | neighbour AS". This would be at the cost of distributing at least as many | |
483 | routes to all speakers as a full-mesh iBGP would, if not more, while also | |
484 | imposing similar CPU overheads as the "Deterministic MED" feature at each | |
485 | Add-Path reflector. | |
42fc5d26 QY |
486 | |
487 | More generally, the instability problems that MED can introduce on more | |
488 | complex, non-full-mesh, iBGP topologies may be avoided either by: | |
489 | ||
013f9762 | 490 | - Setting :clicmd:`bgp always-compare-med`, however this allows MED to be compared |
42fc5d26 QY |
491 | across values set by different neighbour ASes, which may not produce |
492 | coherent desirable results, of itself. | |
4b44467c | 493 | - Effectively ignoring MED by setting MED to the same value (e.g.: 0) using |
013f9762 QY |
494 | :clicmd:`set metric METRIC` on all received routes, in combination with |
495 | setting :clicmd:`bgp always-compare-med` on all speakers. This is the simplest | |
42fc5d26 QY |
496 | and most performant way to avoid MED oscillation issues, where an AS is happy |
497 | not to allow neighbours to inject this problematic metric. | |
498 | ||
42fc5d26 QY |
499 | As MED is evaluated after the AS_PATH length check, another possible use for |
500 | MED is for intra-AS steering of routes with equal AS_PATH length, as an | |
c1a54c05 QY |
501 | extension of the last case above. As MED is evaluated before IGP metric, this |
502 | can allow cold-potato routing to be implemented to send traffic to preferred | |
503 | hand-offs with neighbours, rather than the closest hand-off according to the | |
504 | IGP metric. | |
505 | ||
506 | Note that even if action is taken to address the MED non-transitivity issues, | |
507 | other oscillations may still be possible. E.g., on IGP cost if iBGP and IGP | |
508 | topologies are at cross-purposes with each other - see the Flavel and Roughan | |
509 | paper above for an example. Hence the guideline that the iBGP topology should | |
510 | follow the IGP topology. | |
511 | ||
c3c5a71f | 512 | .. index:: bgp deterministic-med |
29adcd50 | 513 | .. clicmd:: bgp deterministic-med |
42fc5d26 | 514 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
515 | Carry out route-selection in way that produces deterministic answers |
516 | locally, even in the face of MED and the lack of a well-defined order of | |
517 | preference it can induce on routes. Without this option the preferred route | |
518 | with MED may be determined largely by the order that routes were received | |
519 | in. | |
42fc5d26 | 520 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
521 | Setting this option will have a performance cost that may be noticeable when |
522 | there are many routes for each destination. Currently in FRR it is | |
523 | implemented in a way that scales poorly as the number of routes per | |
524 | destination increases. | |
42fc5d26 | 525 | |
c1a54c05 | 526 | The default is that this option is not set. |
42fc5d26 QY |
527 | |
528 | Note that there are other sources of indeterminism in the route selection | |
529 | process, specifically, the preference for older and already selected routes | |
8fcedbd2 | 530 | from eBGP peers, :ref:`bgp-route-selection`. |
42fc5d26 | 531 | |
c3c5a71f | 532 | .. index:: bgp always-compare-med |
29adcd50 | 533 | .. clicmd:: bgp always-compare-med |
42fc5d26 | 534 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
535 | Always compare the MED on routes, even when they were received from |
536 | different neighbouring ASes. Setting this option makes the order of | |
537 | preference of routes more defined, and should eliminate MED induced | |
538 | oscillations. | |
42fc5d26 | 539 | |
c1a54c05 | 540 | If using this option, it may also be desirable to use |
9e146a81 | 541 | :clicmd:`set metric METRIC` to set MED to 0 on routes received from external |
c1a54c05 | 542 | neighbours. |
42fc5d26 | 543 | |
9e146a81 QY |
544 | This option can be used, together with :clicmd:`set metric METRIC` to use |
545 | MED as an intra-AS metric to steer equal-length AS_PATH routes to, e.g., | |
546 | desired exit points. | |
42fc5d26 | 547 | |
0efdf0fe | 548 | .. _bgp-network: |
42fc5d26 | 549 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
550 | Networks |
551 | -------- | |
42fc5d26 | 552 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
553 | .. index:: network A.B.C.D/M |
554 | .. clicmd:: network A.B.C.D/M | |
42fc5d26 | 555 | |
9eb95b3b | 556 | This command adds the announcement network. |
c3c5a71f | 557 | |
9eb95b3b QY |
558 | .. code-block:: frr |
559 | ||
560 | router bgp 1 | |
561 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
562 | network 10.0.0.0/8 | |
563 | exit-address-family | |
42fc5d26 | 564 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
565 | This configuration example says that network 10.0.0.0/8 will be |
566 | announced to all neighbors. Some vendors' routers don't advertise | |
567 | routes if they aren't present in their IGP routing tables; `bgpd` | |
568 | doesn't care about IGP routes when announcing its routes. | |
c3c5a71f | 569 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
570 | .. index:: no network A.B.C.D/M |
571 | .. clicmd:: no network A.B.C.D/M | |
42fc5d26 | 572 | |
8fcedbd2 | 573 | .. _bgp-route-aggregation: |
42fc5d26 QY |
574 | |
575 | Route Aggregation | |
576 | ----------------- | |
577 | ||
c1a54c05 QY |
578 | .. index:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M |
579 | .. clicmd:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M | |
c3c5a71f | 580 | |
c1a54c05 | 581 | This command specifies an aggregate address. |
42fc5d26 | 582 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
583 | .. index:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M as-set |
584 | .. clicmd:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M as-set | |
42fc5d26 | 585 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
586 | This command specifies an aggregate address. Resulting routes include |
587 | AS set. | |
42fc5d26 | 588 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
589 | .. index:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M summary-only |
590 | .. clicmd:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M summary-only | |
c3c5a71f | 591 | |
d1e7591e | 592 | This command specifies an aggregate address. Aggregated routes will |
c1a54c05 | 593 | not be announce. |
42fc5d26 | 594 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
595 | .. index:: no aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M |
596 | .. clicmd:: no aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M | |
c3c5a71f | 597 | |
8fcedbd2 | 598 | .. _bgp-redistribute-to-bgp: |
42fc5d26 | 599 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
600 | Redistribution |
601 | -------------- | |
42fc5d26 | 602 | |
c3c5a71f | 603 | .. index:: redistribute kernel |
29adcd50 | 604 | .. clicmd:: redistribute kernel |
42fc5d26 | 605 | |
c1a54c05 | 606 | Redistribute kernel route to BGP process. |
42fc5d26 | 607 | |
c3c5a71f | 608 | .. index:: redistribute static |
29adcd50 | 609 | .. clicmd:: redistribute static |
42fc5d26 | 610 | |
c1a54c05 | 611 | Redistribute static route to BGP process. |
42fc5d26 | 612 | |
c3c5a71f | 613 | .. index:: redistribute connected |
29adcd50 | 614 | .. clicmd:: redistribute connected |
42fc5d26 | 615 | |
c1a54c05 | 616 | Redistribute connected route to BGP process. |
42fc5d26 | 617 | |
c3c5a71f | 618 | .. index:: redistribute rip |
29adcd50 | 619 | .. clicmd:: redistribute rip |
42fc5d26 | 620 | |
c1a54c05 | 621 | Redistribute RIP route to BGP process. |
42fc5d26 | 622 | |
c3c5a71f | 623 | .. index:: redistribute ospf |
29adcd50 | 624 | .. clicmd:: redistribute ospf |
42fc5d26 | 625 | |
c1a54c05 | 626 | Redistribute OSPF route to BGP process. |
42fc5d26 | 627 | |
c3c5a71f | 628 | .. index:: redistribute vpn |
29adcd50 | 629 | .. clicmd:: redistribute vpn |
42fc5d26 | 630 | |
c1a54c05 | 631 | Redistribute VNC routes to BGP process. |
42fc5d26 | 632 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
633 | .. index:: update-delay MAX-DELAY |
634 | .. clicmd:: update-delay MAX-DELAY | |
c3c5a71f | 635 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
636 | .. index:: update-delay MAX-DELAY ESTABLISH-WAIT |
637 | .. clicmd:: update-delay MAX-DELAY ESTABLISH-WAIT | |
c3c5a71f | 638 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
639 | This feature is used to enable read-only mode on BGP process restart or when |
640 | BGP process is cleared using 'clear ip bgp \*'. When applicable, read-only | |
641 | mode would begin as soon as the first peer reaches Established status and a | |
642 | timer for max-delay seconds is started. | |
42fc5d26 | 643 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
644 | During this mode BGP doesn't run any best-path or generate any updates to its |
645 | peers. This mode continues until: | |
42fc5d26 | 646 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
647 | 1. All the configured peers, except the shutdown peers, have sent explicit EOR |
648 | (End-Of-RIB) or an implicit-EOR. The first keep-alive after BGP has reached | |
649 | Established is considered an implicit-EOR. | |
650 | If the establish-wait optional value is given, then BGP will wait for | |
d1e7591e | 651 | peers to reach established from the beginning of the update-delay till the |
c1a54c05 QY |
652 | establish-wait period is over, i.e. the minimum set of established peers for |
653 | which EOR is expected would be peers established during the establish-wait | |
654 | window, not necessarily all the configured neighbors. | |
655 | 2. max-delay period is over. | |
42fc5d26 | 656 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
657 | On hitting any of the above two conditions, BGP resumes the decision process |
658 | and generates updates to its peers. | |
42fc5d26 | 659 | |
c1a54c05 | 660 | Default max-delay is 0, i.e. the feature is off by default. |
c3c5a71f | 661 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
662 | .. index:: table-map ROUTE-MAP-NAME |
663 | .. clicmd:: table-map ROUTE-MAP-NAME | |
42fc5d26 | 664 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
665 | This feature is used to apply a route-map on route updates from BGP to |
666 | Zebra. All the applicable match operations are allowed, such as match on | |
667 | prefix, next-hop, communities, etc. Set operations for this attach-point are | |
668 | limited to metric and next-hop only. Any operation of this feature does not | |
669 | affect BGPs internal RIB. | |
42fc5d26 | 670 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
671 | Supported for ipv4 and ipv6 address families. It works on multi-paths as |
672 | well, however, metric setting is based on the best-path only. | |
42fc5d26 | 673 | |
8fcedbd2 | 674 | .. _bgp-peers: |
42fc5d26 | 675 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
676 | Peers |
677 | ----- | |
42fc5d26 | 678 | |
8fcedbd2 | 679 | .. _bgp-defining-peers: |
42fc5d26 | 680 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
681 | Defining Peers |
682 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 | 683 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
684 | .. index:: neighbor PEER remote-as ASN |
685 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER remote-as ASN | |
42fc5d26 | 686 | |
c1a54c05 | 687 | Creates a new neighbor whose remote-as is ASN. PEER can be an IPv4 address |
9eb95b3b | 688 | or an IPv6 address or an interface to use for the connection. |
76bd1499 | 689 | |
9eb95b3b QY |
690 | .. code-block:: frr |
691 | ||
692 | router bgp 1 | |
693 | neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 | |
76bd1499 | 694 | |
c1a54c05 | 695 | In this case my router, in AS-1, is trying to peer with AS-2 at 10.0.0.1. |
76bd1499 | 696 | |
c1a54c05 | 697 | This command must be the first command used when configuring a neighbor. If |
9eb95b3b | 698 | the remote-as is not specified, *bgpd* will complain like this: :: |
76bd1499 | 699 | |
c1a54c05 | 700 | can't find neighbor 10.0.0.1 |
c3c5a71f | 701 | |
5413757f DS |
702 | .. index:: neighbor PEER remote-as internal |
703 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER remote-as internal | |
704 | ||
705 | Create a peer as you would when you specify an ASN, except that if the | |
706 | peers ASN is different than mine as specified under the :clicmd:`router bgp ASN` | |
707 | command the connection will be denied. | |
708 | ||
709 | .. index:: neighbor PEER remote-as external | |
710 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER remote-as external | |
711 | ||
712 | Create a peer as you would when you specify an ASN, except that if the | |
713 | peers ASN is the same as mine as specified under the :clicmd:`router bgp ASN` | |
714 | command the connection will be denied. | |
42fc5d26 | 715 | |
8fcedbd2 | 716 | .. _bgp-configuring-peers: |
42fc5d26 | 717 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
718 | Configuring Peers |
719 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 | 720 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
721 | .. index:: neighbor PEER shutdown |
722 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER shutdown | |
c3c5a71f | 723 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
724 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER shutdown |
725 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER shutdown | |
c3c5a71f | 726 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
727 | Shutdown the peer. We can delete the neighbor's configuration by |
728 | ``no neighbor PEER remote-as ASN`` but all configuration of the neighbor | |
729 | will be deleted. When you want to preserve the configuration, but want to | |
730 | drop the BGP peer, use this syntax. | |
c3c5a71f | 731 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
732 | .. index:: neighbor PEER ebgp-multihop |
733 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER ebgp-multihop | |
c3c5a71f | 734 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
735 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER ebgp-multihop |
736 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER ebgp-multihop | |
c3c5a71f | 737 | |
c3c5a71f | 738 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
739 | .. index:: neighbor PEER description ... |
740 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER description ... | |
c3c5a71f | 741 | |
42fc5d26 | 742 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
743 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER description ... |
744 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER description ... | |
42fc5d26 | 745 | |
c1a54c05 | 746 | Set description of the peer. |
42fc5d26 | 747 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
748 | .. index:: neighbor PEER version VERSION |
749 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER version VERSION | |
42fc5d26 | 750 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
751 | Set up the neighbor's BGP version. `version` can be `4`, `4+` or `4-`. BGP |
752 | version `4` is the default value used for BGP peering. BGP version `4+` | |
753 | means that the neighbor supports Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4. BGP | |
754 | version `4-` is similar but the neighbor speaks the old Internet-Draft | |
755 | revision 00's Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4. Some routing software is | |
756 | still using this version. | |
42fc5d26 | 757 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
758 | .. index:: neighbor PEER interface IFNAME |
759 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER interface IFNAME | |
42fc5d26 | 760 | |
42fc5d26 | 761 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
762 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER interface IFNAME |
763 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER interface IFNAME | |
42fc5d26 | 764 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
765 | When you connect to a BGP peer over an IPv6 link-local address, you have to |
766 | specify the IFNAME of the interface used for the connection. To specify | |
767 | IPv4 session addresses, see the ``neighbor PEER update-source`` command | |
768 | below. | |
42fc5d26 | 769 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
770 | This command is deprecated and may be removed in a future release. Its use |
771 | should be avoided. | |
42fc5d26 | 772 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
773 | .. index:: neighbor PEER next-hop-self [all] |
774 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER next-hop-self [all] | |
42fc5d26 | 775 | |
42fc5d26 | 776 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
777 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER next-hop-self [all] |
778 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER next-hop-self [all] | |
42fc5d26 | 779 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
780 | This command specifies an announced route's nexthop as being equivalent to |
781 | the address of the bgp router if it is learned via eBGP. If the optional | |
d1e7591e | 782 | keyword `all` is specified the modification is done also for routes learned |
c1a54c05 | 783 | via iBGP. |
42fc5d26 | 784 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
785 | .. index:: neighbor PEER update-source <IFNAME|ADDRESS> |
786 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER update-source <IFNAME|ADDRESS> | |
42fc5d26 | 787 | |
42fc5d26 | 788 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
789 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER update-source |
790 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER update-source | |
42fc5d26 | 791 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
792 | Specify the IPv4 source address to use for the :abbr:`BGP` session to this |
793 | neighbour, may be specified as either an IPv4 address directly or as an | |
794 | interface name (in which case the *zebra* daemon MUST be running in order | |
9eb95b3b QY |
795 | for *bgpd* to be able to retrieve interface state). |
796 | ||
797 | .. code-block:: frr | |
42fc5d26 | 798 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
799 | router bgp 64555 |
800 | neighbor foo update-source 192.168.0.1 | |
801 | neighbor bar update-source lo0 | |
42fc5d26 | 802 | |
42fc5d26 | 803 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
804 | .. index:: neighbor PEER default-originate |
805 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER default-originate | |
42fc5d26 | 806 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
807 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER default-originate |
808 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER default-originate | |
42fc5d26 | 809 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
810 | *bgpd*'s default is to not announce the default route (0.0.0.0/0) even if it |
811 | is in routing table. When you want to announce default routes to the peer, | |
812 | use this command. | |
42fc5d26 | 813 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
814 | .. index:: neighbor PEER port PORT |
815 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER port PORT | |
42fc5d26 | 816 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
817 | .. index:: neighbor PEER send-community |
818 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER send-community | |
42fc5d26 | 819 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
820 | .. index:: neighbor PEER weight WEIGHT |
821 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER weight WEIGHT | |
42fc5d26 | 822 | |
42fc5d26 | 823 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
824 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER weight WEIGHT |
825 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER weight WEIGHT | |
42fc5d26 | 826 | |
c1a54c05 | 827 | This command specifies a default `weight` value for the neighbor's routes. |
42fc5d26 | 828 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
829 | .. index:: neighbor PEER maximum-prefix NUMBER |
830 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER maximum-prefix NUMBER | |
42fc5d26 | 831 | |
42fc5d26 | 832 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
833 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER maximum-prefix NUMBER |
834 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER maximum-prefix NUMBER | |
42fc5d26 | 835 | |
42fc5d26 | 836 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
837 | .. index:: neighbor PEER local-as AS-NUMBER |
838 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER local-as AS-NUMBER | |
42fc5d26 | 839 | |
42fc5d26 | 840 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
841 | .. index:: neighbor PEER local-as AS-NUMBER no-prepend |
842 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER local-as AS-NUMBER no-prepend | |
42fc5d26 | 843 | |
42fc5d26 | 844 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
845 | .. index:: neighbor PEER local-as AS-NUMBER no-prepend replace-as |
846 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER local-as AS-NUMBER no-prepend replace-as | |
42fc5d26 | 847 | |
42fc5d26 | 848 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
849 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER local-as |
850 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER local-as | |
42fc5d26 | 851 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
852 | Specify an alternate AS for this BGP process when interacting with the |
853 | specified peer. With no modifiers, the specified local-as is prepended to | |
854 | the received AS_PATH when receiving routing updates from the peer, and | |
855 | prepended to the outgoing AS_PATH (after the process local AS) when | |
856 | transmitting local routes to the peer. | |
42fc5d26 | 857 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
858 | If the no-prepend attribute is specified, then the supplied local-as is not |
859 | prepended to the received AS_PATH. | |
c3c5a71f | 860 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
861 | If the replace-as attribute is specified, then only the supplied local-as is |
862 | prepended to the AS_PATH when transmitting local-route updates to this peer. | |
c3c5a71f | 863 | |
c1a54c05 | 864 | Note that replace-as can only be specified if no-prepend is. |
c3c5a71f | 865 | |
c1a54c05 | 866 | This command is only allowed for eBGP peers. |
c3c5a71f | 867 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
868 | .. index:: neighbor PEER ttl-security hops NUMBER |
869 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER ttl-security hops NUMBER | |
c3c5a71f | 870 | |
c3c5a71f | 871 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
872 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER ttl-security hops NUMBER |
873 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER ttl-security hops NUMBER | |
c3c5a71f | 874 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
875 | This command enforces Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM), as |
876 | specified in RFC 5082. With this command, only neighbors that are the | |
877 | specified number of hops away will be allowed to become neighbors. This | |
d1e7591e | 878 | command is mutually exclusive with *ebgp-multihop*. |
42fc5d26 | 879 | |
8fcedbd2 | 880 | .. _bgp-peer-filtering: |
42fc5d26 | 881 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
882 | Peer Filtering |
883 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 | 884 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
885 | .. index:: neighbor PEER distribute-list NAME [in|out] |
886 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER distribute-list NAME [in|out] | |
42fc5d26 | 887 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
888 | This command specifies a distribute-list for the peer. `direct` is |
889 | ``in`` or ``out``. | |
42fc5d26 | 890 | |
c3c5a71f | 891 | .. index:: neighbor PEER prefix-list NAME [in|out] |
29adcd50 | 892 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER prefix-list NAME [in|out] |
42fc5d26 | 893 | |
c1a54c05 | 894 | .. index:: neighbor PEER filter-list NAME [in|out] |
29adcd50 | 895 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER filter-list NAME [in|out] |
42fc5d26 | 896 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
897 | .. index:: neighbor PEER route-map NAME [in|out] |
898 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER route-map NAME [in|out] | |
42fc5d26 | 899 | |
c1a54c05 | 900 | Apply a route-map on the neighbor. `direct` must be `in` or `out`. |
42fc5d26 | 901 | |
c3c5a71f | 902 | .. index:: bgp route-reflector allow-outbound-policy |
29adcd50 | 903 | .. clicmd:: bgp route-reflector allow-outbound-policy |
42fc5d26 | 904 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
905 | By default, attribute modification via route-map policy out is not reflected |
906 | on reflected routes. This option allows the modifications to be reflected as | |
907 | well. Once enabled, it affects all reflected routes. | |
42fc5d26 | 908 | |
0efdf0fe | 909 | .. _bgp-peer-group: |
42fc5d26 | 910 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
911 | Peer Groups |
912 | ^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 | 913 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
914 | .. index:: neighbor WORD peer-group |
915 | .. clicmd:: neighbor WORD peer-group | |
42fc5d26 | 916 | |
c1a54c05 | 917 | This command defines a new peer group. |
42fc5d26 | 918 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
919 | .. index:: neighbor PEER peer-group WORD |
920 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER peer-group WORD | |
c3c5a71f | 921 | |
c1a54c05 | 922 | This command bind specific peer to peer group WORD. |
42fc5d26 | 923 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
924 | Capability Negotiation |
925 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 | 926 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
927 | .. index:: neighbor PEER strict-capability-match |
928 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER strict-capability-match | |
42fc5d26 | 929 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
930 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER strict-capability-match |
931 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER strict-capability-match | |
c1a54c05 | 932 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
933 | Strictly compares remote capabilities and local capabilities. If |
934 | capabilities are different, send Unsupported Capability error then reset | |
935 | connection. | |
42fc5d26 | 936 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
937 | You may want to disable sending Capability Negotiation OPEN message optional |
938 | parameter to the peer when remote peer does not implement Capability | |
939 | Negotiation. Please use *dont-capability-negotiate* command to disable the | |
940 | feature. | |
42fc5d26 | 941 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
942 | .. index:: neighbor PEER dont-capability-negotiate |
943 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER dont-capability-negotiate | |
42fc5d26 | 944 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
945 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER dont-capability-negotiate |
946 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER dont-capability-negotiate | |
42fc5d26 | 947 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
948 | Suppress sending Capability Negotiation as OPEN message optional parameter |
949 | to the peer. This command only affects the peer is configured other than | |
950 | IPv4 unicast configuration. | |
42fc5d26 | 951 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
952 | When remote peer does not have capability negotiation feature, remote peer |
953 | will not send any capabilities at all. In that case, bgp configures the peer | |
954 | with configured capabilities. | |
42fc5d26 | 955 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
956 | You may prefer locally configured capabilities more than the negotiated |
957 | capabilities even though remote peer sends capabilities. If the peer is | |
958 | configured by *override-capability*, *bgpd* ignores received capabilities | |
959 | then override negotiated capabilities with configured values. | |
42fc5d26 | 960 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
961 | .. index:: neighbor PEER override-capability |
962 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER override-capability | |
42fc5d26 | 963 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
964 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER override-capability |
965 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER override-capability | |
c1a54c05 | 966 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
967 | Override the result of Capability Negotiation with local configuration. |
968 | Ignore remote peer's capability value. | |
42fc5d26 | 969 | |
8fcedbd2 | 970 | .. _bgp-as-path-access-lists: |
42fc5d26 | 971 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
972 | AS Path Access Lists |
973 | -------------------- | |
42fc5d26 QY |
974 | |
975 | AS path access list is user defined AS path. | |
976 | ||
c3c5a71f | 977 | .. index:: ip as-path access-list WORD permit|deny LINE |
29adcd50 | 978 | .. clicmd:: ip as-path access-list WORD permit|deny LINE |
42fc5d26 | 979 | |
c1a54c05 | 980 | This command defines a new AS path access list. |
42fc5d26 | 981 | |
c1a54c05 | 982 | .. index:: no ip as-path access-list WORD |
29adcd50 | 983 | .. clicmd:: no ip as-path access-list WORD |
42fc5d26 | 984 | |
c1a54c05 | 985 | .. index:: no ip as-path access-list WORD permit|deny LINE |
29adcd50 | 986 | .. clicmd:: no ip as-path access-list WORD permit|deny LINE |
42fc5d26 | 987 | |
8fcedbd2 | 988 | .. _bgp-using-as-path-in-route-map: |
42fc5d26 QY |
989 | |
990 | Using AS Path in Route Map | |
991 | -------------------------- | |
992 | ||
c3c5a71f | 993 | .. index:: match as-path WORD |
29adcd50 | 994 | .. clicmd:: match as-path WORD |
42fc5d26 | 995 | |
42fc5d26 | 996 | |
c1a54c05 | 997 | .. index:: set as-path prepend AS-PATH |
29adcd50 | 998 | .. clicmd:: set as-path prepend AS-PATH |
42fc5d26 | 999 | |
c1a54c05 | 1000 | Prepend the given string of AS numbers to the AS_PATH. |
42fc5d26 | 1001 | |
c1a54c05 | 1002 | .. index:: set as-path prepend last-as NUM |
29adcd50 | 1003 | .. clicmd:: set as-path prepend last-as NUM |
c1a54c05 QY |
1004 | |
1005 | Prepend the existing last AS number (the leftmost ASN) to the AS_PATH. | |
42fc5d26 | 1006 | |
0efdf0fe | 1007 | .. _bgp-communities-attribute: |
42fc5d26 | 1008 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1009 | Communities Attribute |
1010 | --------------------- | |
42fc5d26 | 1011 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1012 | The BGP communities attribute is widely used for implementing policy routing. |
c1a54c05 QY |
1013 | Network operators can manipulate BGP communities attribute based on their |
1014 | network policy. BGP communities attribute is defined in :rfc:`1997` and | |
1015 | :rfc:`1998`. It is an optional transitive attribute, therefore local policy can | |
1016 | travel through different autonomous system. | |
1017 | ||
8fcedbd2 QY |
1018 | The communities attribute is a set of communities values. Each community value |
1019 | is 4 octet long. The following format is used to define the community value. | |
c1a54c05 | 1020 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1021 | ``AS:VAL`` |
c1a54c05 QY |
1022 | This format represents 4 octet communities value. ``AS`` is high order 2 |
1023 | octet in digit format. ``VAL`` is low order 2 octet in digit format. This | |
1024 | format is useful to define AS oriented policy value. For example, | |
1025 | ``7675:80`` can be used when AS 7675 wants to pass local policy value 80 to | |
1026 | neighboring peer. | |
1027 | ||
8fcedbd2 QY |
1028 | ``internet`` |
1029 | ``internet`` represents well-known communities value 0. | |
c1a54c05 | 1030 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1031 | ``no-export`` |
c1a54c05 QY |
1032 | ``no-export`` represents well-known communities value ``NO_EXPORT`` |
1033 | ``0xFFFFFF01``. All routes carry this value must not be advertised to | |
1034 | outside a BGP confederation boundary. If neighboring BGP peer is part of BGP | |
1035 | confederation, the peer is considered as inside a BGP confederation | |
1036 | boundary, so the route will be announced to the peer. | |
1037 | ||
8fcedbd2 | 1038 | ``no-advertise`` |
c1a54c05 QY |
1039 | ``no-advertise`` represents well-known communities value ``NO_ADVERTISE`` |
1040 | ``0xFFFFFF02``. All routes carry this value must not be advertise to other | |
1041 | BGP peers. | |
1042 | ||
8fcedbd2 | 1043 | ``local-AS`` |
c1a54c05 QY |
1044 | ``local-AS`` represents well-known communities value ``NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED`` |
1045 | ``0xFFFFFF03``. All routes carry this value must not be advertised to | |
1046 | external BGP peers. Even if the neighboring router is part of confederation, | |
1047 | it is considered as external BGP peer, so the route will not be announced to | |
1048 | the peer. | |
1049 | ||
aa9eafa4 QY |
1050 | When the communities attribute is received duplicate community values in the |
1051 | attribute are ignored and value is sorted in numerical order. | |
42fc5d26 | 1052 | |
0efdf0fe | 1053 | .. _bgp-community-lists: |
42fc5d26 | 1054 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1055 | Community Lists |
1056 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1057 | Community lists are user defined lists of community attribute values. These |
1058 | lists can be used for matching or manipulating the communities attribute in | |
1059 | UPDATE messages. | |
42fc5d26 | 1060 | |
aa9eafa4 | 1061 | There are two types of community list: |
c1a54c05 | 1062 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1063 | standard |
1064 | This type accepts an explicit value for the atttribute. | |
1065 | ||
1066 | expanded | |
1067 | This type accepts a regular expression. Because the regex must be | |
1068 | interpreted on each use expanded community lists are slower than standard | |
1069 | lists. | |
42fc5d26 | 1070 | |
c3c5a71f | 1071 | .. index:: ip community-list standard NAME permit|deny COMMUNITY |
29adcd50 | 1072 | .. clicmd:: ip community-list standard NAME permit|deny COMMUNITY |
42fc5d26 | 1073 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1074 | This command defines a new standard community list. ``COMMUNITY`` is |
1075 | communities value. The ``COMMUNITY`` is compiled into community structure. | |
1076 | We can define multiple community list under same name. In that case match | |
1077 | will happen user defined order. Once the community list matches to | |
1078 | communities attribute in BGP updates it return permit or deny by the | |
1079 | community list definition. When there is no matched entry, deny will be | |
1080 | returned. When ``COMMUNITY`` is empty it matches to any routes. | |
42fc5d26 | 1081 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1082 | .. index:: ip community-list expanded NAME permit|deny COMMUNITY |
1083 | .. clicmd:: ip community-list expanded NAME permit|deny COMMUNITY | |
42fc5d26 | 1084 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1085 | This command defines a new expanded community list. ``COMMUNITY`` is a |
1086 | string expression of communities attribute. ``COMMUNITY`` can be a regular | |
1087 | expression (:ref:`bgp-regular-expressions`) to match the communities | |
1088 | attribute in BGP updates. | |
42fc5d26 | 1089 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1090 | .. deprecated:: 5.0 |
1091 | It is recommended to use the more explicit versions of this command. | |
42fc5d26 | 1092 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1093 | .. index:: ip community-list NAME permit|deny COMMUNITY |
1094 | .. clicmd:: ip community-list NAME permit|deny COMMUNITY | |
1095 | ||
1096 | When the community list type is not specified, the community list type is | |
1097 | automatically detected. If ``COMMUNITY`` can be compiled into communities | |
1098 | attribute, the community list is defined as a standard community list. | |
1099 | Otherwise it is defined as an expanded community list. This feature is left | |
1100 | for backward compatibility. Use of this feature is not recommended. | |
42fc5d26 | 1101 | |
42fc5d26 | 1102 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1103 | .. index:: no ip community-list [standard|expanded] NAME |
1104 | .. clicmd:: no ip community-list [standard|expanded] NAME | |
42fc5d26 | 1105 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1106 | Deletes the community list specified by ``NAME``. All community lists share |
1107 | the same namespace, so it's not necessary to specify ``standard`` or | |
1108 | ``expanded``; these modifiers are purely aesthetic. | |
42fc5d26 | 1109 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1110 | .. index:: show ip community-list [NAME] |
1111 | .. clicmd:: show ip community-list [NAME] | |
42fc5d26 | 1112 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1113 | Displays community list information. When ``NAME`` is specified the |
1114 | specified community list's information is shown. | |
c3c5a71f | 1115 | |
c1a54c05 | 1116 | :: |
76bd1499 | 1117 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1118 | # show ip community-list |
1119 | Named Community standard list CLIST | |
1120 | permit 7675:80 7675:100 no-export | |
1121 | deny internet | |
1122 | Named Community expanded list EXPAND | |
1123 | permit : | |
76bd1499 | 1124 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1125 | # show ip community-list CLIST |
1126 | Named Community standard list CLIST | |
1127 | permit 7675:80 7675:100 no-export | |
1128 | deny internet | |
42fc5d26 | 1129 | |
42fc5d26 | 1130 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1131 | .. _bgp-numbered-community-lists: |
42fc5d26 | 1132 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1133 | Numbered Community Lists |
1134 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 QY |
1135 | |
1136 | When number is used for BGP community list name, the number has | |
c3c5a71f QY |
1137 | special meanings. Community list number in the range from 1 and 99 is |
1138 | standard community list. Community list number in the range from 100 | |
1139 | to 199 is expanded community list. These community lists are called | |
1140 | as numbered community lists. On the other hand normal community lists | |
42fc5d26 QY |
1141 | is called as named community lists. |
1142 | ||
29adcd50 | 1143 | .. index:: ip community-list (1-99) permit|deny COMMUNITY |
29adcd50 | 1144 | .. clicmd:: ip community-list (1-99) permit|deny COMMUNITY |
42fc5d26 | 1145 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1146 | This command defines a new community list. The argument to (1-99) defines |
1147 | the list identifier. | |
42fc5d26 | 1148 | |
c1a54c05 | 1149 | .. index:: ip community-list (100-199) permit|deny COMMUNITY |
29adcd50 | 1150 | .. clicmd:: ip community-list (100-199) permit|deny COMMUNITY |
42fc5d26 | 1151 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1152 | This command defines a new expanded community list. The argument to |
1153 | (100-199) defines the list identifier. | |
42fc5d26 | 1154 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1155 | .. _bgp-using-communities-in-route-map: |
42fc5d26 | 1156 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1157 | Using Communities in Route Maps |
1158 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 | 1159 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1160 | In :ref:`route-map` we can match on or set the BGP communities attribute. Using |
1161 | this feature network operator can implement their network policy based on BGP | |
1162 | communities attribute. | |
42fc5d26 | 1163 | |
aa9eafa4 | 1164 | The ollowing commands can be used in route maps: |
42fc5d26 | 1165 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1166 | .. index:: match community WORD exact-match [exact-match] |
1167 | .. clicmd:: match community WORD exact-match [exact-match] | |
42fc5d26 | 1168 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1169 | This command perform match to BGP updates using community list WORD. When |
1170 | the one of BGP communities value match to the one of communities value in | |
d1e7591e | 1171 | community list, it is match. When `exact-match` keyword is specified, match |
c1a54c05 QY |
1172 | happen only when BGP updates have completely same communities value |
1173 | specified in the community list. | |
42fc5d26 | 1174 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1175 | .. index:: set community <none|COMMUNITY> additive |
1176 | .. clicmd:: set community <none|COMMUNITY> additive | |
42fc5d26 | 1177 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1178 | This command sets the community value in BGP updates. If the attribute is |
1179 | already configured, the newly provided value replaces the old one unless the | |
1180 | ``additive`` keyword is specified, in which case the new value is appended | |
1181 | to the existing value. | |
42fc5d26 | 1182 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1183 | If ``none`` is specified as the community value, the communities attribute |
1184 | is not sent. | |
42fc5d26 | 1185 | |
c1a54c05 | 1186 | .. index:: set comm-list WORD delete |
29adcd50 | 1187 | .. clicmd:: set comm-list WORD delete |
c1a54c05 | 1188 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
1189 | This command remove communities value from BGP communities attribute. The |
1190 | ``word`` is community list name. When BGP route's communities value matches | |
1191 | to the community list ``word``, the communities value is removed. When all | |
1192 | of communities value is removed eventually, the BGP update's communities | |
1193 | attribute is completely removed. | |
42fc5d26 | 1194 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1195 | .. _bgp-communities-example: |
c1a54c05 | 1196 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1197 | Example Configuration |
1198 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
9eb95b3b | 1199 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1200 | The following configuration is exemplary of the most typical usage of BGP |
1201 | communities attribute. In the example, AS 7675 provides an upstream Internet | |
1202 | connection to AS 100. When the following configuration exists in AS 7675, the | |
1203 | network operator of AS 100 can set local preference in AS 7675 network by | |
1204 | setting BGP communities attribute to the updates. | |
9eb95b3b QY |
1205 | |
1206 | .. code-block:: frr | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1207 | |
1208 | router bgp 7675 | |
1209 | neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 | |
1210 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
1211 | neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in | |
1212 | exit-address-family | |
1213 | ! | |
1214 | ip community-list 70 permit 7675:70 | |
1215 | ip community-list 70 deny | |
1216 | ip community-list 80 permit 7675:80 | |
1217 | ip community-list 80 deny | |
1218 | ip community-list 90 permit 7675:90 | |
1219 | ip community-list 90 deny | |
1220 | ! | |
1221 | route-map RMAP permit 10 | |
1222 | match community 70 | |
1223 | set local-preference 70 | |
1224 | ! | |
1225 | route-map RMAP permit 20 | |
1226 | match community 80 | |
1227 | set local-preference 80 | |
1228 | ! | |
1229 | route-map RMAP permit 30 | |
1230 | match community 90 | |
1231 | set local-preference 90 | |
c3c5a71f | 1232 | |
42fc5d26 | 1233 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1234 | The following configuration announces ``10.0.0.0/8`` from AS 100 to AS 7675. |
1235 | The route has communities value ``7675:80`` so when above configuration exists | |
1236 | in AS 7675, the announced routes' local preference value will be set to 80. | |
9eb95b3b QY |
1237 | |
1238 | .. code-block:: frr | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1239 | |
1240 | router bgp 100 | |
1241 | network 10.0.0.0/8 | |
1242 | neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as 7675 | |
1243 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
1244 | neighbor 192.168.0.2 route-map RMAP out | |
1245 | exit-address-family | |
1246 | ! | |
1247 | ip prefix-list PLIST permit 10.0.0.0/8 | |
1248 | ! | |
1249 | route-map RMAP permit 10 | |
1250 | match ip address prefix-list PLIST | |
1251 | set community 7675:80 | |
c3c5a71f | 1252 | |
42fc5d26 | 1253 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1254 | The following configuration is an example of BGP route filtering using |
1255 | communities attribute. This configuration only permit BGP routes which has BGP | |
1256 | communities value ``0:80`` or ``0:90``. The network operator can set special | |
1257 | internal communities value at BGP border router, then limit the BGP route | |
1258 | announcements into the internal network. | |
9eb95b3b QY |
1259 | |
1260 | .. code-block:: frr | |
42fc5d26 | 1261 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1262 | router bgp 7675 |
1263 | neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 | |
1264 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
1265 | neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in | |
1266 | exit-address-family | |
1267 | ! | |
1268 | ip community-list 1 permit 0:80 0:90 | |
1269 | ! | |
1270 | route-map RMAP permit in | |
1271 | match community 1 | |
c3c5a71f | 1272 | |
42fc5d26 | 1273 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1274 | The following example filters BGP routes which have a community value of |
1275 | ``1:1``. When there is no match community-list returns ``deny``. To avoid | |
1276 | filtering all routes, a ``permit`` line is set at the end of the | |
1277 | community-list. | |
9eb95b3b QY |
1278 | |
1279 | .. code-block:: frr | |
42fc5d26 | 1280 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1281 | router bgp 7675 |
1282 | neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 | |
1283 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
1284 | neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in | |
1285 | exit-address-family | |
1286 | ! | |
1287 | ip community-list standard FILTER deny 1:1 | |
1288 | ip community-list standard FILTER permit | |
1289 | ! | |
1290 | route-map RMAP permit 10 | |
1291 | match community FILTER | |
c3c5a71f | 1292 | |
42fc5d26 | 1293 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1294 | The communities value keyword ``internet`` has special meanings in standard |
1295 | community lists. In the below example ``internet`` matches all BGP routes even | |
1296 | if the route does not have communities attribute at all. So community list | |
1297 | ``INTERNET`` is the same as ``FILTER`` in the previous example. | |
9eb95b3b QY |
1298 | |
1299 | .. code-block:: frr | |
42fc5d26 | 1300 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1301 | ip community-list standard INTERNET deny 1:1 |
1302 | ip community-list standard INTERNET permit internet | |
c3c5a71f | 1303 | |
42fc5d26 | 1304 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1305 | The following configuration is an example of communities value deletion. With |
1306 | this configuration the community values ``100:1`` and ``100:2`` are removed | |
1307 | from BGP updates. For communities value deletion, only ``permit`` | |
1308 | community-list is used. ``deny`` community-list is ignored. | |
9eb95b3b QY |
1309 | |
1310 | .. code-block:: frr | |
42fc5d26 | 1311 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1312 | router bgp 7675 |
1313 | neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 | |
1314 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
1315 | neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in | |
1316 | exit-address-family | |
1317 | ! | |
1318 | ip community-list standard DEL permit 100:1 100:2 | |
1319 | ! | |
1320 | route-map RMAP permit 10 | |
1321 | set comm-list DEL delete | |
c3c5a71f | 1322 | |
42fc5d26 | 1323 | |
0efdf0fe | 1324 | .. _bgp-extended-communities-attribute: |
42fc5d26 | 1325 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1326 | Extended Communities Attribute |
1327 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 | 1328 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1329 | BGP extended communities attribute is introduced with MPLS VPN/BGP technology. |
1330 | MPLS VPN/BGP expands capability of network infrastructure to provide VPN | |
1331 | functionality. At the same time it requires a new framework for policy routing. | |
1332 | With BGP Extended Communities Attribute we can use Route Target or Site of | |
1333 | Origin for implementing network policy for MPLS VPN/BGP. | |
42fc5d26 | 1334 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1335 | BGP Extended Communities Attribute is similar to BGP Communities Attribute. It |
1336 | is an optional transitive attribute. BGP Extended Communities Attribute can | |
1337 | carry multiple Extended Community value. Each Extended Community value is | |
1338 | eight octet length. | |
42fc5d26 | 1339 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1340 | BGP Extended Communities Attribute provides an extended range compared with BGP |
1341 | Communities Attribute. Adding to that there is a type field in each value to | |
1342 | provides community space structure. | |
42fc5d26 | 1343 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1344 | There are two format to define Extended Community value. One is AS based format |
1345 | the other is IP address based format. | |
42fc5d26 | 1346 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1347 | ``AS:VAL`` |
1348 | This is a format to define AS based Extended Community value. ``AS`` part | |
1349 | is 2 octets Global Administrator subfield in Extended Community value. | |
1350 | ``VAL`` part is 4 octets Local Administrator subfield. ``7675:100`` | |
1351 | represents AS 7675 policy value 100. | |
42fc5d26 | 1352 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1353 | ``IP-Address:VAL`` |
c1a54c05 | 1354 | This is a format to define IP address based Extended Community value. |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1355 | ``IP-Address`` part is 4 octets Global Administrator subfield. ``VAL`` part |
1356 | is 2 octets Local Administrator subfield. | |
42fc5d26 | 1357 | |
0efdf0fe | 1358 | .. _bgp-extended-community-lists: |
42fc5d26 | 1359 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1360 | Extended Community Lists |
1361 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 | 1362 | |
c3c5a71f | 1363 | .. index:: ip extcommunity-list standard NAME permit|deny EXTCOMMUNITY |
29adcd50 | 1364 | .. clicmd:: ip extcommunity-list standard NAME permit|deny EXTCOMMUNITY |
42fc5d26 | 1365 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
1366 | This command defines a new standard extcommunity-list. `extcommunity` is |
1367 | extended communities value. The `extcommunity` is compiled into extended | |
1368 | community structure. We can define multiple extcommunity-list under same | |
1369 | name. In that case match will happen user defined order. Once the | |
1370 | extcommunity-list matches to extended communities attribute in BGP updates | |
1371 | it return permit or deny based upon the extcommunity-list definition. When | |
1372 | there is no matched entry, deny will be returned. When `extcommunity` is | |
1373 | empty it matches to any routes. | |
42fc5d26 | 1374 | |
c1a54c05 | 1375 | .. index:: ip extcommunity-list expanded NAME permit|deny LINE |
29adcd50 | 1376 | .. clicmd:: ip extcommunity-list expanded NAME permit|deny LINE |
42fc5d26 | 1377 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
1378 | This command defines a new expanded extcommunity-list. `line` is a string |
1379 | expression of extended communities attribute. `line` can be a regular | |
1380 | expression (:ref:`bgp-regular-expressions`) to match an extended communities | |
1381 | attribute in BGP updates. | |
42fc5d26 | 1382 | |
c1a54c05 | 1383 | .. index:: no ip extcommunity-list NAME |
29adcd50 | 1384 | .. clicmd:: no ip extcommunity-list NAME |
42fc5d26 | 1385 | |
c1a54c05 | 1386 | .. index:: no ip extcommunity-list standard NAME |
29adcd50 | 1387 | .. clicmd:: no ip extcommunity-list standard NAME |
42fc5d26 | 1388 | |
c1a54c05 | 1389 | .. index:: no ip extcommunity-list expanded NAME |
29adcd50 | 1390 | .. clicmd:: no ip extcommunity-list expanded NAME |
42fc5d26 | 1391 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
1392 | These commands delete extended community lists specified by `name`. All of |
1393 | extended community lists shares a single name space. So extended community | |
d1e7591e | 1394 | lists can be removed simply specifying the name. |
42fc5d26 | 1395 | |
c1a54c05 | 1396 | .. index:: show ip extcommunity-list |
29adcd50 | 1397 | .. clicmd:: show ip extcommunity-list |
42fc5d26 | 1398 | |
c1a54c05 | 1399 | .. index:: show ip extcommunity-list NAME |
29adcd50 | 1400 | .. clicmd:: show ip extcommunity-list NAME |
c1a54c05 | 1401 | |
4da7fda3 | 1402 | This command displays current extcommunity-list information. When `name` is |
9eb95b3b | 1403 | specified the community list's information is shown.:: |
42fc5d26 | 1404 | |
9eb95b3b | 1405 | # show ip extcommunity-list |
c3c5a71f | 1406 | |
42fc5d26 | 1407 | |
0efdf0fe | 1408 | .. _bgp-extended-communities-in-route-map: |
42fc5d26 QY |
1409 | |
1410 | BGP Extended Communities in Route Map | |
8fcedbd2 | 1411 | """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" |
42fc5d26 | 1412 | |
c3c5a71f | 1413 | .. index:: match extcommunity WORD |
29adcd50 | 1414 | .. clicmd:: match extcommunity WORD |
42fc5d26 | 1415 | |
c1a54c05 | 1416 | .. index:: set extcommunity rt EXTCOMMUNITY |
29adcd50 | 1417 | .. clicmd:: set extcommunity rt EXTCOMMUNITY |
42fc5d26 | 1418 | |
c1a54c05 | 1419 | This command set Route Target value. |
42fc5d26 | 1420 | |
c1a54c05 | 1421 | .. index:: set extcommunity soo EXTCOMMUNITY |
29adcd50 | 1422 | .. clicmd:: set extcommunity soo EXTCOMMUNITY |
c1a54c05 QY |
1423 | |
1424 | This command set Site of Origin value. | |
42fc5d26 | 1425 | |
0efdf0fe | 1426 | .. _bgp-large-communities-attribute: |
42fc5d26 | 1427 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1428 | Large Communities Attribute |
1429 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 QY |
1430 | |
1431 | The BGP Large Communities attribute was introduced in Feb 2017 with | |
c1a54c05 | 1432 | :rfc:`8092`. |
42fc5d26 | 1433 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1434 | The BGP Large Communities Attribute is similar to the BGP Communities Attribute |
1435 | except that it has 3 components instead of two and each of which are 4 octets | |
1436 | in length. Large Communities bring additional functionality and convenience | |
1437 | over traditional communities, specifically the fact that the ``GLOBAL`` part | |
1438 | below is now 4 octets wide allowing seamless use in networks using 4-byte ASNs. | |
1439 | ||
1440 | ``GLOBAL:LOCAL1:LOCAL2`` | |
1441 | This is the format to define Large Community values. Referencing :rfc:`8195` | |
1442 | the values are commonly referred to as follows: | |
1443 | ||
1444 | - The ``GLOBAL`` part is a 4 octet Global Administrator field, commonly used | |
1445 | as the operators AS number. | |
1446 | - The ``LOCAL1`` part is a 4 octet Local Data Part 1 subfield referred to as | |
1447 | a function. | |
1448 | - The ``LOCAL2`` part is a 4 octet Local Data Part 2 field and referred to | |
1449 | as the parameter subfield. | |
1450 | ||
1451 | As an example, ``65551:1:10`` represents AS 65551 function 1 and parameter | |
1452 | 10. The referenced RFC above gives some guidelines on recommended usage. | |
42fc5d26 | 1453 | |
0efdf0fe | 1454 | .. _bgp-large-community-lists: |
42fc5d26 | 1455 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1456 | Large Community Lists |
1457 | """"""""""""""""""""" | |
42fc5d26 QY |
1458 | |
1459 | Two types of large community lists are supported, namely `standard` and | |
1460 | `expanded`. | |
1461 | ||
c3c5a71f | 1462 | .. index:: ip large-community-list standard NAME permit|deny LARGE-COMMUNITY |
29adcd50 | 1463 | .. clicmd:: ip large-community-list standard NAME permit|deny LARGE-COMMUNITY |
42fc5d26 | 1464 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
1465 | This command defines a new standard large-community-list. `large-community` |
1466 | is the Large Community value. We can add multiple large communities under | |
1467 | same name. In that case the match will happen in the user defined order. | |
1468 | Once the large-community-list matches the Large Communities attribute in BGP | |
1469 | updates it will return permit or deny based upon the large-community-list | |
1470 | definition. When there is no matched entry, a deny will be returned. When | |
1471 | `large-community` is empty it matches any routes. | |
42fc5d26 | 1472 | |
c1a54c05 | 1473 | .. index:: ip large-community-list expanded NAME permit|deny LINE |
29adcd50 | 1474 | .. clicmd:: ip large-community-list expanded NAME permit|deny LINE |
42fc5d26 | 1475 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
1476 | This command defines a new expanded large-community-list. Where `line` is a |
1477 | string matching expression, it will be compared to the entire Large | |
1478 | Communities attribute as a string, with each large-community in order from | |
1479 | lowest to highest. `line` can also be a regular expression which matches | |
1480 | this Large Community attribute. | |
42fc5d26 | 1481 | |
c1a54c05 | 1482 | .. index:: no ip large-community-list NAME |
29adcd50 | 1483 | .. clicmd:: no ip large-community-list NAME |
42fc5d26 | 1484 | |
c1a54c05 | 1485 | .. index:: no ip large-community-list standard NAME |
29adcd50 | 1486 | .. clicmd:: no ip large-community-list standard NAME |
42fc5d26 | 1487 | |
c1a54c05 | 1488 | .. index:: no ip large-community-list expanded NAME |
29adcd50 | 1489 | .. clicmd:: no ip large-community-list expanded NAME |
42fc5d26 | 1490 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
1491 | These commands delete Large Community lists specified by `name`. All Large |
1492 | Community lists share a single namespace. This means Large Community lists | |
1493 | can be removed by simply specifying the name. | |
42fc5d26 | 1494 | |
c1a54c05 | 1495 | .. index:: show ip large-community-list |
29adcd50 | 1496 | .. clicmd:: show ip large-community-list |
42fc5d26 | 1497 | |
c1a54c05 | 1498 | .. index:: show ip large-community-list NAME |
29adcd50 | 1499 | .. clicmd:: show ip large-community-list NAME |
42fc5d26 | 1500 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1501 | This command display current large-community-list information. When |
1502 | `name` is specified the community list information is shown. | |
42fc5d26 | 1503 | |
c1a54c05 | 1504 | .. index:: show ip bgp large-community-info |
29adcd50 | 1505 | .. clicmd:: show ip bgp large-community-info |
c1a54c05 QY |
1506 | |
1507 | This command displays the current large communities in use. | |
42fc5d26 | 1508 | |
0efdf0fe | 1509 | .. _bgp-large-communities-in-route-map: |
42fc5d26 | 1510 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1511 | Large Communities in Route Map |
1512 | """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" | |
42fc5d26 | 1513 | |
c3c5a71f | 1514 | .. index:: match large-community LINE |
29adcd50 | 1515 | .. clicmd:: match large-community LINE |
42fc5d26 | 1516 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
1517 | Where `line` can be a simple string to match, or a regular expression. It |
1518 | is very important to note that this match occurs on the entire | |
c1a54c05 QY |
1519 | large-community string as a whole, where each large-community is ordered |
1520 | from lowest to highest. | |
42fc5d26 | 1521 | |
c1a54c05 | 1522 | .. index:: set large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY |
29adcd50 | 1523 | .. clicmd:: set large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY |
42fc5d26 | 1524 | |
c1a54c05 | 1525 | .. index:: set large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY LARGE-COMMUNITY |
29adcd50 | 1526 | .. clicmd:: set large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY LARGE-COMMUNITY |
42fc5d26 | 1527 | |
c1a54c05 | 1528 | .. index:: set large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY additive |
29adcd50 | 1529 | .. clicmd:: set large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY additive |
c1a54c05 QY |
1530 | |
1531 | These commands are used for setting large-community values. The first | |
1532 | command will overwrite any large-communities currently present. | |
1533 | The second specifies two large-communities, which overwrites the current | |
1534 | large-community list. The third will add a large-community value without | |
1535 | overwriting other values. Multiple large-community values can be specified. | |
42fc5d26 | 1536 | |
b572f826 PZ |
1537 | |
1538 | .. _bgp-vrfs: | |
1539 | ||
8fcedbd2 QY |
1540 | VRFs |
1541 | ---- | |
b572f826 | 1542 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1543 | BGP supports multiple VRF instances with the following command: |
b572f826 PZ |
1544 | |
1545 | .. index:: router bgp ASN vrf VRFNAME | |
1546 | .. clicmd:: router bgp ASN vrf VRFNAME | |
1547 | ||
8fcedbd2 QY |
1548 | ``VRFNAME`` is matched against VRFs configured in the kernel. When |
1549 | ``vrf VRFNAME`` is not specified, the BGP protocol process belongs to the | |
1550 | default VRF. | |
b572f826 | 1551 | |
a35947d0 PG |
1552 | With VRF, you can isolate networking information. Having BGP VRF allows you to |
1553 | have several BGP instances on the same system process. This solution solves | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1554 | scalabiliy issues where the network administrator had previously to run |
1555 | separately several BGP processes on each namespace. Now, not only BGP VRF | |
1556 | solves this, but also this method applies to both kind of VRFs backend: default | |
1557 | VRF from Linux kernel or network namespaces. Also, having separate BGP | |
1558 | instances does not imply that the AS number has to be different. For internal | |
1559 | purposes, it is possible to do iBGP peering from two differents network | |
1560 | namespaces. | |
1561 | ||
1562 | VRF Route Leaking | |
1563 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
1564 | ||
1565 | BGP routes may be leaked (i.e. copied) between a unicast VRF RIB and the VPN | |
f90115c5 LB |
1566 | SAFI RIB of the default VRF for use in MPLS-based L3VPNs. Unicast routes may |
1567 | also be leaked between any VRFs (including the unicast RIB of the default BGP | |
1568 | instanced). A shortcut syntax is also available for specifying leaking from one | |
1569 | VRF to another VRF using the default instance's VPN RIB as the intemediary. A | |
1570 | common application of the VRF-VRF feature is to connect a customer's private | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1571 | routing domain to a provider's VPN service. Leaking is configured from the |
1572 | point of view of an individual VRF: ``import`` refers to routes leaked from VPN | |
1573 | to a unicast VRF, whereas ``export`` refers to routes leaked from a unicast VRF | |
1574 | to VPN. | |
1575 | ||
1576 | Required parameters | |
1577 | """"""""""""""""""" | |
b572f826 | 1578 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
1579 | Routes exported from a unicast VRF to the VPN RIB must be augmented by two |
1580 | parameters: | |
1581 | ||
1582 | - an :abbr:`RD (Route Distinguisher)` | |
1583 | - an :abbr:`RTLIST (Route-target List)` | |
1584 | ||
1585 | Configuration for these exported routes must, at a minimum, specify these two | |
1586 | parameters. | |
1587 | ||
1588 | Routes imported from the VPN RIB to a unicast VRF are selected according to | |
1589 | their RTLISTs. Routes whose RTLIST contains at least one route-target in | |
1590 | common with the configured import RTLIST are leaked. Configuration for these | |
1591 | imported routes must specify an RTLIST to be matched. | |
1592 | ||
1593 | The RD, which carries no semantic value, is intended to make the route unique | |
1594 | in the VPN RIB among all routes of its prefix that originate from all the | |
1595 | customers and sites that are attached to the provider's VPN service. | |
1596 | Accordingly, each site of each customer is typically assigned an RD that is | |
1597 | unique across the entire provider network. | |
1598 | ||
1599 | The RTLIST is a set of route-target extended community values whose purpose is | |
1600 | to specify route-leaking policy. Typically, a customer is assigned a single | |
1601 | route-target value for import and export to be used at all customer sites. This | |
1602 | configuration specifies a simple topology wherein a customer has a single | |
1603 | routing domain which is shared across all its sites. More complex routing | |
1604 | topologies are possible through use of additional route-targets to augment the | |
1605 | leaking of sets of routes in various ways. | |
b572f826 | 1606 | |
e967a1d0 DS |
1607 | When using the shortcut syntax for vrf-to-vrf leaking, the RD and RT are |
1608 | auto-derived. | |
fb3d9f3e | 1609 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1610 | General configuration |
1611 | """"""""""""""""""""" | |
b572f826 | 1612 | |
f90115c5 | 1613 | Configuration of route leaking between a unicast VRF RIB and the VPN SAFI RIB |
4da7fda3 QY |
1614 | of the default VRF is accomplished via commands in the context of a VRF |
1615 | address-family: | |
b572f826 PZ |
1616 | |
1617 | .. index:: rd vpn export AS:NN|IP:nn | |
1618 | .. clicmd:: rd vpn export AS:NN|IP:nn | |
1619 | ||
4da7fda3 QY |
1620 | Specifies the route distinguisher to be added to a route exported from the |
1621 | current unicast VRF to VPN. | |
b572f826 PZ |
1622 | |
1623 | .. index:: no rd vpn export [AS:NN|IP:nn] | |
1624 | .. clicmd:: no rd vpn export [AS:NN|IP:nn] | |
1625 | ||
1626 | Deletes any previously-configured export route distinguisher. | |
1627 | ||
1628 | .. index:: rt vpn import|export|both RTLIST... | |
1629 | .. clicmd:: rt vpn import|export|both RTLIST... | |
1630 | ||
4da7fda3 QY |
1631 | Specifies the route-target list to be attached to a route (export) or the |
1632 | route-target list to match against (import) when exporting/importing between | |
1633 | the current unicast VRF and VPN. | |
b572f826 | 1634 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
1635 | The RTLIST is a space-separated list of route-targets, which are BGP |
1636 | extended community values as described in | |
b572f826 PZ |
1637 | :ref:`bgp-extended-communities-attribute`. |
1638 | ||
1639 | .. index:: no rt vpn import|export|both [RTLIST...] | |
1640 | .. clicmd:: no rt vpn import|export|both [RTLIST...] | |
1641 | ||
1642 | Deletes any previously-configured import or export route-target list. | |
1643 | ||
e70e9f8e PZ |
1644 | .. index:: label vpn export (0..1048575)|auto |
1645 | .. clicmd:: label vpn export (0..1048575)|auto | |
b572f826 | 1646 | |
4da7fda3 | 1647 | Specifies an optional MPLS label to be attached to a route exported from the |
e70e9f8e PZ |
1648 | current unicast VRF to VPN. If label is specified as ``auto``, the label |
1649 | value is automatically assigned from a pool maintained by the zebra | |
1650 | daemon. If zebra is not running, automatic label assignment will not | |
1651 | complete, which will block corresponding route export. | |
b572f826 | 1652 | |
e70e9f8e PZ |
1653 | .. index:: no label vpn export [(0..1048575)|auto] |
1654 | .. clicmd:: no label vpn export [(0..1048575)|auto] | |
b572f826 PZ |
1655 | |
1656 | Deletes any previously-configured export label. | |
1657 | ||
1658 | .. index:: nexthop vpn export A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X | |
1659 | .. clicmd:: nexthop vpn export A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X | |
1660 | ||
4da7fda3 QY |
1661 | Specifies an optional nexthop value to be assigned to a route exported from |
1662 | the current unicast VRF to VPN. If left unspecified, the nexthop will be set | |
1663 | to 0.0.0.0 or 0:0::0:0 (self). | |
b572f826 PZ |
1664 | |
1665 | .. index:: no nexthop vpn export [A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X] | |
1666 | .. clicmd:: no nexthop vpn export [A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X] | |
1667 | ||
1668 | Deletes any previously-configured export nexthop. | |
1669 | ||
1670 | .. index:: route-map vpn import|export MAP | |
1671 | .. clicmd:: route-map vpn import|export MAP | |
1672 | ||
4da7fda3 | 1673 | Specifies an optional route-map to be applied to routes imported or exported |
d1e7591e | 1674 | between the current unicast VRF and VPN. |
b572f826 PZ |
1675 | |
1676 | .. index:: no route-map vpn import|export [MAP] | |
1677 | .. clicmd:: no route-map vpn import|export [MAP] | |
1678 | ||
1679 | Deletes any previously-configured import or export route-map. | |
1680 | ||
1681 | .. index:: import|export vpn | |
1682 | .. clicmd:: import|export vpn | |
1683 | ||
d1e7591e | 1684 | Enables import or export of routes between the current unicast VRF and VPN. |
b572f826 PZ |
1685 | |
1686 | .. index:: no import|export vpn | |
1687 | .. clicmd:: no import|export vpn | |
1688 | ||
d1e7591e | 1689 | Disables import or export of routes between the current unicast VRF and VPN. |
b572f826 | 1690 | |
fb3d9f3e DS |
1691 | .. index:: import vrf VRFNAME |
1692 | .. clicmd:: import vrf VRFNAME | |
1693 | ||
e967a1d0 DS |
1694 | Shortcut syntax for specifying automatic leaking from vrf VRFNAME to |
1695 | the current VRF using the VPN RIB as intermediary. The RD and RT | |
1696 | are auto derived and should not be specified explicitly for either the | |
1697 | source or destination VRF's. | |
1698 | ||
1699 | This shortcut syntax mode is not compatible with the explicit | |
1700 | `import vpn` and `export vpn` statements for the two VRF's involved. | |
1701 | The CLI will disallow attempts to configure incompatible leaking | |
1702 | modes. | |
fb3d9f3e DS |
1703 | |
1704 | .. index:: no import vrf VRFNAME | |
1705 | .. clicmd:: no import vrf VRFNAME | |
1706 | ||
e967a1d0 DS |
1707 | Disables automatic leaking from vrf VRFNAME to the current VRF using |
1708 | the VPN RIB as intermediary. | |
b572f826 | 1709 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1710 | .. _bgp-instances-and-views: |
42fc5d26 | 1711 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1712 | Instances and Views |
1713 | ------------------- | |
42fc5d26 | 1714 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1715 | A BGP *instance* is a normal BGP process. Routes selected by BGP are installed |
1716 | into the kernel routing table. | |
42fc5d26 | 1717 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1718 | .. note:: |
1719 | In previous versions of FRR, running multiple AS's from the same BGP process | |
1720 | was not supported; in order to run multiple AS's it was necessary to run | |
1721 | multiple BGP processes. This had to be explicitly configured with the | |
1722 | ``bgp multiple-instance`` command. Recent versions of FRR support multiple | |
1723 | BGP AS's within the same process by simply defining multiple | |
1724 | ``router bgp X`` blocks, so the ``multiple-instance`` command is now | |
1725 | unnecessary and deprecated. | |
42fc5d26 | 1726 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1727 | .. index:: router bgp AS-NUMBER |
1728 | .. clicmd:: router bgp AS-NUMBER | |
42fc5d26 | 1729 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1730 | Make a new BGP instance. You can use an arbitrary word for the `name`. |
42fc5d26 | 1731 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1732 | .. code-block:: frr |
42fc5d26 | 1733 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1734 | router bgp 1 |
1735 | neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 | |
1736 | neighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-as 3 | |
1737 | ! | |
1738 | router bgp 2 | |
1739 | neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 4 | |
1740 | neighbor 10.0.0.4 remote-as 5 | |
42fc5d26 | 1741 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1742 | .. deprecated:: 5.0 |
1743 | This command does nothing and can be safely removed. | |
42fc5d26 | 1744 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1745 | .. index:: bgp multiple-instance |
1746 | .. clicmd:: bgp multiple-instance | |
76bd1499 | 1747 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1748 | Enable BGP multiple instance feature. Because this is now the default |
1749 | configuration this command will not be displayed in the running | |
1750 | configuration. | |
76bd1499 | 1751 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1752 | .. deprecated:: 5.0 |
1753 | This command does nothing and can be safely removed. | |
76bd1499 | 1754 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1755 | .. index:: no bgp multiple-instance |
1756 | .. clicmd:: no bgp multiple-instance | |
42fc5d26 | 1757 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1758 | In previous versions of FRR, this command disabled the BGP multiple instance |
1759 | feature. This functionality is automatically turned on when BGP multiple | |
1760 | instances or views exist so this command no longer does anything. | |
42fc5d26 | 1761 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1762 | BGP views are almost same as normal BGP processes, except that routes selected |
1763 | by BGP are not installed into the kernel routing table. The view functionality | |
1764 | allows the exchange of BGP routing information only without affecting the | |
1765 | kernel routing tables. | |
42fc5d26 | 1766 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1767 | .. index:: router bgp AS-NUMBER view NAME |
1768 | .. clicmd:: router bgp AS-NUMBER view NAME | |
42fc5d26 | 1769 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1770 | Make a new BGP view. You can use arbitrary word for the ``NAME``. Routes selected by the view are not installed into the kernel routing table. |
1771 | view's route selection result does not go to the kernel routing table. | |
42fc5d26 | 1772 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1773 | With this command, you can setup Route Server like below. |
42fc5d26 | 1774 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1775 | .. code-block:: frr |
42fc5d26 | 1776 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1777 | ! |
1778 | router bgp 1 view 1 | |
1779 | neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 | |
1780 | neighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-as 3 | |
1781 | ! | |
1782 | router bgp 2 view 2 | |
1783 | neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 4 | |
1784 | neighbor 10.0.0.4 remote-as 5 | |
42fc5d26 | 1785 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1786 | .. index:: show ip bgp view NAME |
1787 | .. clicmd:: show ip bgp view NAME | |
42fc5d26 | 1788 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1789 | Display the routing table of BGP view ``NAME``. |
42fc5d26 | 1790 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1791 | .. _bgp-cisco-compatibility: |
42fc5d26 | 1792 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1793 | Cisco Compatibility |
1794 | ------------------- | |
42fc5d26 | 1795 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1796 | FRR has commands that change some configuration syntax and default behavior to |
1797 | behave more closely to Cisco conventions. These are deprecated and will be | |
1798 | removed in a future version of FRR. | |
42fc5d26 | 1799 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1800 | .. deprecated:: 5.0 |
1801 | Please transition to using the FRR specific syntax for your configuration. | |
42fc5d26 | 1802 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1803 | .. index:: bgp config-type cisco |
1804 | .. clicmd:: bgp config-type cisco | |
42fc5d26 | 1805 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1806 | Cisco compatible BGP configuration output. |
42fc5d26 | 1807 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1808 | When this configuration line is specified: |
c1a54c05 | 1809 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1810 | - ``no synchronization`` is displayed. This command does nothing and is for |
1811 | display purposes only. | |
1812 | - ``no auto-summary`` is displayed. | |
1813 | - The ``network`` and ``aggregate-address`` arguments are displayed as: | |
42fc5d26 | 1814 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1815 | :: |
42fc5d26 | 1816 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1817 | A.B.C.D M.M.M.M |
42fc5d26 | 1818 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1819 | FRR: network 10.0.0.0/8 |
1820 | Cisco: network 10.0.0.0 | |
42fc5d26 | 1821 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1822 | FRR: aggregate-address 192.168.0.0/24 |
1823 | Cisco: aggregate-address 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 | |
42fc5d26 | 1824 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1825 | Community attribute handling is also different. If no configuration is |
1826 | specified community attribute and extended community attribute are sent to | |
1827 | the neighbor. If a user manually disables the feature, the community | |
1828 | attribute is not sent to the neighbor. When ``bgp config-type cisco`` is | |
1829 | specified, the community attribute is not sent to the neighbor by default. | |
1830 | To send the community attribute user has to specify | |
1831 | :clicmd:`neighbor A.B.C.D send-community` like so: | |
42fc5d26 | 1832 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1833 | .. code-block:: frr |
42fc5d26 | 1834 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1835 | ! |
1836 | router bgp 1 | |
1837 | neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 1 | |
1838 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
1839 | no neighbor 10.0.0.1 send-community | |
1840 | exit-address-family | |
1841 | ! | |
1842 | router bgp 1 | |
1843 | neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 1 | |
1844 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
1845 | neighbor 10.0.0.1 send-community | |
1846 | exit-address-family | |
1847 | ! | |
42fc5d26 | 1848 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1849 | .. deprecated:: 5.0 |
1850 | Please transition to using the FRR specific syntax for your configuration. | |
1851 | ||
1852 | .. index:: bgp config-type zebra | |
1853 | .. clicmd:: bgp config-type zebra | |
1854 | ||
1855 | FRR style BGP configuration. This is the default. | |
1856 | ||
1857 | .. _bgp-debugging: | |
1858 | ||
1859 | Debugging | |
1860 | --------- | |
42fc5d26 | 1861 | |
c1a54c05 | 1862 | .. index:: show debug |
29adcd50 | 1863 | .. clicmd:: show debug |
42fc5d26 | 1864 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1865 | Show all enabled debugs. |
42fc5d26 | 1866 | |
53b758f3 PG |
1867 | .. index:: [no] debug bgp neighbor-events |
1868 | .. clicmd:: [no] debug bgp neighbor-events | |
42fc5d26 | 1869 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1870 | Enable or disable debugging for neighbor events. This provides general |
1871 | information on BGP events such as peer connection / disconnection, session | |
1872 | establishment / teardown, and capability negotiation. | |
42fc5d26 | 1873 | |
53b758f3 PG |
1874 | .. index:: [no] debug bgp updates |
1875 | .. clicmd:: [no] debug bgp updates | |
42fc5d26 | 1876 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1877 | Enable or disable debugging for BGP updates. This provides information on |
1878 | BGP UPDATE messages transmitted and received between local and remote | |
1879 | instances. | |
42fc5d26 | 1880 | |
53b758f3 PG |
1881 | .. index:: [no] debug bgp keepalives |
1882 | .. clicmd:: [no] debug bgp keepalives | |
42fc5d26 | 1883 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1884 | Enable or disable debugging for BGP keepalives. This provides information on |
1885 | BGP KEEPALIVE messages transmitted and received between local and remote | |
1886 | instances. | |
c1a54c05 | 1887 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1888 | .. index:: [no] debug bgp bestpath <A.B.C.D/M|X:X::X:X/M> |
1889 | .. clicmd:: [no] debug bgp bestpath <A.B.C.D/M|X:X::X:X/M> | |
42fc5d26 | 1890 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1891 | Enable or disable debugging for bestpath selection on the specified prefix. |
42fc5d26 | 1892 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1893 | .. index:: [no] debug bgp nht |
1894 | .. clicmd:: [no] debug bgp nht | |
4da7fda3 | 1895 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1896 | Enable or disable debugging of BGP nexthop tracking. |
4da7fda3 | 1897 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1898 | .. index:: [no] debug bgp update-groups |
1899 | .. clicmd:: [no] debug bgp update-groups | |
4b44467c | 1900 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1901 | Enable or disable debugging of dynamic update groups. This provides general |
1902 | information on group creation, deletion, join and prune events. | |
4b44467c | 1903 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1904 | .. index:: [no] debug bgp zebra |
1905 | .. clicmd:: [no] debug bgp zebra | |
42fc5d26 | 1906 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1907 | Enable or disable debugging of communications between *bgpd* and *zebra*. |
c3c5a71f | 1908 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1909 | Dumping Messages and Routing Tables |
1910 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
42fc5d26 | 1911 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1912 | .. index:: dump bgp all PATH [INTERVAL] |
1913 | .. clicmd:: dump bgp all PATH [INTERVAL] | |
42fc5d26 | 1914 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1915 | .. index:: dump bgp all-et PATH [INTERVAL] |
1916 | .. clicmd:: dump bgp all-et PATH [INTERVAL] | |
c3c5a71f | 1917 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1918 | .. index:: no dump bgp all [PATH] [INTERVAL] |
1919 | .. clicmd:: no dump bgp all [PATH] [INTERVAL] | |
42fc5d26 | 1920 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1921 | Dump all BGP packet and events to `path` file. |
1922 | If `interval` is set, a new file will be created for echo `interval` of | |
1923 | seconds. The path `path` can be set with date and time formatting | |
1924 | (strftime). The type ‘all-et’ enables support for Extended Timestamp Header | |
1925 | (:ref:`packet-binary-dump-format`). | |
c3c5a71f | 1926 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1927 | .. index:: dump bgp updates PATH [INTERVAL] |
1928 | .. clicmd:: dump bgp updates PATH [INTERVAL] | |
42fc5d26 | 1929 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1930 | .. index:: dump bgp updates-et PATH [INTERVAL] |
1931 | .. clicmd:: dump bgp updates-et PATH [INTERVAL] | |
42fc5d26 | 1932 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1933 | .. index:: no dump bgp updates [PATH] [INTERVAL] |
1934 | .. clicmd:: no dump bgp updates [PATH] [INTERVAL] | |
42fc5d26 | 1935 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1936 | Dump only BGP updates messages to `path` file. |
1937 | If `interval` is set, a new file will be created for echo `interval` of | |
1938 | seconds. The path `path` can be set with date and time formatting | |
1939 | (strftime). The type ‘updates-et’ enables support for Extended Timestamp | |
1940 | Header (:ref:`packet-binary-dump-format`). | |
42fc5d26 | 1941 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1942 | .. index:: dump bgp routes-mrt PATH |
1943 | .. clicmd:: dump bgp routes-mrt PATH | |
c3c5a71f | 1944 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1945 | .. index:: dump bgp routes-mrt PATH INTERVAL |
1946 | .. clicmd:: dump bgp routes-mrt PATH INTERVAL | |
42fc5d26 | 1947 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1948 | .. index:: no dump bgp route-mrt [PATH] [INTERVAL] |
1949 | .. clicmd:: no dump bgp route-mrt [PATH] [INTERVAL] | |
42fc5d26 | 1950 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1951 | Dump whole BGP routing table to `path`. This is heavy process. The path |
1952 | `path` can be set with date and time formatting (strftime). If `interval` is | |
1953 | set, a new file will be created for echo `interval` of seconds. | |
42fc5d26 | 1954 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1955 | Note: the interval variable can also be set using hours and minutes: 04h20m00. |
42fc5d26 | 1956 | |
c3c5a71f | 1957 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1958 | .. _bgp-other-commands: |
42fc5d26 | 1959 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1960 | Other BGP Commands |
1961 | ------------------ | |
42fc5d26 | 1962 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1963 | .. index:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 \* |
1964 | .. clicmd:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 \* | |
42fc5d26 | 1965 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1966 | Clear all address family peers. |
42fc5d26 | 1967 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1968 | .. index:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 PEER |
1969 | .. clicmd:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 PEER | |
42fc5d26 | 1970 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1971 | Clear peers which have addresses of X.X.X.X |
42fc5d26 | 1972 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1973 | .. index:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 PEER soft in |
1974 | .. clicmd:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 PEER soft in | |
42fc5d26 | 1975 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1976 | Clear peer using soft reconfiguration. |
42fc5d26 | 1977 | |
42fc5d26 | 1978 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1979 | .. _bgp-displaying-bgp-information: |
42fc5d26 | 1980 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1981 | Displaying BGP Information |
1982 | ========================== | |
42fc5d26 | 1983 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1984 | .. index:: show ip bgp |
1985 | .. clicmd:: show ip bgp | |
42fc5d26 | 1986 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1987 | .. index:: show ip bgp A.B.C.D |
1988 | .. clicmd:: show ip bgp A.B.C.D | |
c1a54c05 | 1989 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1990 | .. index:: show ip bgp X:X::X:X |
1991 | .. clicmd:: show ip bgp X:X::X:X | |
42fc5d26 | 1992 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1993 | These commands display BGP routes. When no route is specified, the default |
1994 | is to display all IPv4 BGP routes. | |
42fc5d26 | 1995 | |
8fcedbd2 | 1996 | :: |
c1a54c05 | 1997 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
1998 | BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 10.1.1.1 |
1999 | Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal | |
2000 | Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete | |
42fc5d26 | 2001 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2002 | Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path |
2003 | \*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i | |
42fc5d26 | 2004 | |
8fcedbd2 | 2005 | Total number of prefixes 1 |
4da7fda3 | 2006 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2007 | .. index:: show ip bgp regexp LINE |
2008 | .. clicmd:: show ip bgp regexp LINE | |
42fc5d26 | 2009 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2010 | This command displays BGP routes using AS path regular expression |
2011 | (:ref:`bgp-regular-expressions`). | |
42fc5d26 | 2012 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2013 | .. index:: show bgp <ipv4|ipv6> summary |
2014 | .. clicmd:: show bgp <ipv4|ipv6> summary | |
42fc5d26 | 2015 | |
8fcedbd2 | 2016 | Show a bgp peer summary for the specified address family. |
42fc5d26 | 2017 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2018 | .. index:: show bgp <ipv4|ipv6> neighbor [PEER] |
2019 | .. clicmd:: show bgp <ipv4|ipv6> neighbor [PEER] | |
9eb95b3b | 2020 | |
8fcedbd2 | 2021 | This command shows information on a specific BGP `peer`. |
c1a54c05 | 2022 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2023 | .. index:: show bgp <ipv4|ipv6> dampening dampened-paths |
2024 | .. clicmd:: show bgp <ipv4|ipv6> dampening dampened-paths | |
42fc5d26 | 2025 | |
8fcedbd2 | 2026 | Display paths suppressed due to dampening. |
42fc5d26 | 2027 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2028 | .. index:: show bgp <ipv4|ipv6> dampening flap-statistics |
2029 | .. clicmd:: show bgp <ipv4|ipv6> dampening flap-statistics | |
c1a54c05 | 2030 | |
8fcedbd2 | 2031 | Display flap statistics of routes. |
42fc5d26 | 2032 | |
8fcedbd2 | 2033 | .. _bgp-display-routes-by-community: |
42fc5d26 | 2034 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2035 | Displaying Routes by Community Attribute |
2036 | ---------------------------------------- | |
42fc5d26 | 2037 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2038 | The following commands allow displaying routes based on their community |
2039 | attribute. | |
42fc5d26 | 2040 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2041 | .. index:: show [ip] bgp <ipv4|ipv6> community |
2042 | .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp <ipv4|ipv6> community | |
42fc5d26 | 2043 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2044 | .. index:: show [ip] bgp <ipv4|ipv6> community COMMUNITY |
2045 | .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp <ipv4|ipv6> community COMMUNITY | |
42fc5d26 | 2046 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2047 | .. index:: show [ip] bgp <ipv4|ipv6> community COMMUNITY exact-match |
2048 | .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp <ipv4|ipv6> community COMMUNITY exact-match | |
76bd1499 | 2049 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2050 | These commands display BGP routes which have the community attribute. |
2051 | attribute. When ``COMMUNITY`` is specified, BGP routes that match that | |
2052 | community are displayed. When `exact-match` is specified, it display only | |
2053 | routes that have an exact match. | |
c3c5a71f | 2054 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2055 | .. index:: show [ip] bgp <ipv4|ipv6> community-list WORD |
2056 | .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp <ipv4|ipv6> community-list WORD | |
42fc5d26 | 2057 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2058 | .. index:: show [ip] bgp <ipv4|ipv6> community-list WORD exact-match |
2059 | .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp <ipv4|ipv6> community-list WORD exact-match | |
42fc5d26 | 2060 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2061 | These commands display BGP routes for the address family specified that |
2062 | match the specified community list. When `exact-match` is specified, it | |
2063 | displays only routes that have an exact match. | |
42fc5d26 | 2064 | |
8fcedbd2 | 2065 | .. _bgp-display-routes-by-as-path: |
42fc5d26 | 2066 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2067 | Displaying Routes by AS Path |
2068 | ---------------------------- | |
42fc5d26 | 2069 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2070 | .. index:: show bgp ipv4|ipv6 regexp LINE |
2071 | .. clicmd:: show bgp ipv4|ipv6 regexp LINE | |
76bd1499 | 2072 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2073 | This commands displays BGP routes that matches a regular |
2074 | expression `line` (:ref:`bgp-regular-expressions`). | |
2075 | ||
2076 | .. index:: show ip bgp ipv4 vpn | |
2077 | .. clicmd:: show ip bgp ipv4 vpn | |
2078 | ||
2079 | .. index:: show ipv6 bgp ipv6 vpn | |
2080 | .. clicmd:: show ipv6 bgp ipv6 vpn | |
2081 | ||
2082 | Print active IPV4 or IPV6 routes advertised via the VPN SAFI. | |
2083 | ||
2084 | .. index:: show bgp ipv4 vpn summary | |
2085 | .. clicmd:: show bgp ipv4 vpn summary | |
2086 | ||
2087 | .. index:: show bgp ipv6 vpn summary | |
2088 | .. clicmd:: show bgp ipv6 vpn summary | |
2089 | ||
2090 | Print a summary of neighbor connections for the specified AFI/SAFI combination. | |
2091 | ||
2092 | ||
2093 | .. _bgp-route-reflector: | |
2094 | ||
2095 | Route Reflector | |
2096 | =============== | |
2097 | ||
2098 | .. note:: This documentation is woefully incomplete. | |
2099 | ||
2100 | .. index:: bgp cluster-id A.B.C.D | |
2101 | .. clicmd:: bgp cluster-id A.B.C.D | |
2102 | ||
2103 | .. index:: neighbor PEER route-reflector-client | |
2104 | .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER route-reflector-client | |
2105 | ||
2106 | .. index:: no neighbor PEER route-reflector-client | |
2107 | .. clicmd:: no neighbor PEER route-reflector-client | |
c3c5a71f | 2108 | |
42fc5d26 | 2109 | |
0efdf0fe | 2110 | .. _routing-policy: |
42fc5d26 | 2111 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2112 | Routing Policy |
2113 | ============== | |
42fc5d26 | 2114 | |
4da7fda3 | 2115 | You can set different routing policy for a peer. For example, you can set |
9eb95b3b QY |
2116 | different filter for a peer. |
2117 | ||
2118 | .. code-block:: frr | |
c1a54c05 QY |
2119 | |
2120 | bgp multiple-instance | |
2121 | ! | |
2122 | router bgp 1 view 1 | |
2123 | neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 | |
2124 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
2125 | neighbor 10.0.0.1 distribute-list 1 in | |
2126 | exit-address-family | |
2127 | ! | |
2128 | router bgp 1 view 2 | |
2129 | neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 | |
2130 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
2131 | neighbor 10.0.0.1 distribute-list 2 in | |
2132 | exit-address-family | |
c3c5a71f | 2133 | |
4da7fda3 QY |
2134 | This means BGP update from a peer 10.0.0.1 goes to both BGP view 1 and view 2. |
2135 | When the update is inserted into view 1, distribute-list 1 is applied. On the | |
2136 | other hand, when the update is inserted into view 2, distribute-list 2 is | |
2137 | applied. | |
42fc5d26 | 2138 | |
42fc5d26 | 2139 | |
0efdf0fe | 2140 | .. _bgp-regular-expressions: |
42fc5d26 QY |
2141 | |
2142 | BGP Regular Expressions | |
2143 | ======================= | |
2144 | ||
8fcedbd2 QY |
2145 | BGP regular expressions are based on :t:`POSIX 1003.2` regular expressions. The |
2146 | following description is just a quick subset of the POSIX regular expressions. | |
42fc5d26 QY |
2147 | |
2148 | ||
8fcedbd2 | 2149 | .\* |
c1a54c05 | 2150 | Matches any single character. |
42fc5d26 | 2151 | |
8fcedbd2 | 2152 | \* |
c1a54c05 | 2153 | Matches 0 or more occurrences of pattern. |
42fc5d26 | 2154 | |
8fcedbd2 | 2155 | \+ |
c1a54c05 | 2156 | Matches 1 or more occurrences of pattern. |
42fc5d26 QY |
2157 | |
2158 | ? | |
c1a54c05 | 2159 | Match 0 or 1 occurrences of pattern. |
42fc5d26 QY |
2160 | |
2161 | ^ | |
c1a54c05 | 2162 | Matches the beginning of the line. |
42fc5d26 QY |
2163 | |
2164 | $ | |
c1a54c05 | 2165 | Matches the end of the line. |
42fc5d26 QY |
2166 | |
2167 | _ | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2168 | The ``_`` character has special meanings in BGP regular expressions. It |
2169 | matches to space and comma , and AS set delimiter ``{`` and ``}`` and AS | |
2170 | confederation delimiter ``(`` and ``)``. And it also matches to the | |
2171 | beginning of the line and the end of the line. So ``_`` can be used for AS | |
2172 | value boundaries match. This character technically evaluates to | |
2173 | ``(^|[,{}()]|$)``. | |
42fc5d26 | 2174 | |
42fc5d26 | 2175 | |
c1a54c05 | 2176 | .. _bgp-configuration-examples: |
42fc5d26 | 2177 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2178 | Miscellaneous Configuration Examples |
2179 | ==================================== | |
42fc5d26 | 2180 | |
9eb95b3b QY |
2181 | Example of a session to an upstream, advertising only one prefix to it. |
2182 | ||
2183 | .. code-block:: frr | |
42fc5d26 | 2184 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
2185 | router bgp 64512 |
2186 | bgp router-id 10.236.87.1 | |
2187 | neighbor upstream peer-group | |
2188 | neighbor upstream remote-as 64515 | |
2189 | neighbor upstream capability dynamic | |
2190 | neighbor 10.1.1.1 peer-group upstream | |
2191 | neighbor 10.1.1.1 description ACME ISP | |
c3c5a71f | 2192 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
2193 | address-family ipv4 unicast |
2194 | network 10.236.87.0/24 | |
2195 | neighbor upstream prefix-list pl-allowed-adv out | |
2196 | exit-address-family | |
2197 | ! | |
2198 | ip prefix-list pl-allowed-adv seq 5 permit 82.195.133.0/25 | |
2199 | ip prefix-list pl-allowed-adv seq 10 deny any | |
42fc5d26 | 2200 | |
aa9eafa4 QY |
2201 | A more complex example including upstream, peer and customer sessions |
2202 | advertising global prefixes and NO_EXPORT prefixes and providing actions for | |
2203 | customer routes based on community values. Extensive use is made of route-maps | |
2204 | and the 'call' feature to support selective advertising of prefixes. This | |
2205 | example is intended as guidance only, it has NOT been tested and almost | |
2206 | certainly contains silly mistakes, if not serious flaws. | |
42fc5d26 | 2207 | |
9eb95b3b | 2208 | .. code-block:: frr |
42fc5d26 | 2209 | |
c1a54c05 QY |
2210 | router bgp 64512 |
2211 | bgp router-id 10.236.87.1 | |
2212 | neighbor upstream capability dynamic | |
2213 | neighbor cust capability dynamic | |
2214 | neighbor peer capability dynamic | |
2215 | neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 64515 | |
2216 | neighbor 10.1.1.1 peer-group upstream | |
2217 | neighbor 10.2.1.1 remote-as 64516 | |
2218 | neighbor 10.2.1.1 peer-group upstream | |
2219 | neighbor 10.3.1.1 remote-as 64517 | |
2220 | neighbor 10.3.1.1 peer-group cust-default | |
2221 | neighbor 10.3.1.1 description customer1 | |
2222 | neighbor 10.4.1.1 remote-as 64518 | |
2223 | neighbor 10.4.1.1 peer-group cust | |
2224 | neighbor 10.4.1.1 description customer2 | |
2225 | neighbor 10.5.1.1 remote-as 64519 | |
2226 | neighbor 10.5.1.1 peer-group peer | |
2227 | neighbor 10.5.1.1 description peer AS 1 | |
2228 | neighbor 10.6.1.1 remote-as 64520 | |
2229 | neighbor 10.6.1.1 peer-group peer | |
2230 | neighbor 10.6.1.1 description peer AS 2 | |
2231 | ||
2232 | address-family ipv4 unicast | |
2233 | network 10.123.456.0/24 | |
2234 | network 10.123.456.128/25 route-map rm-no-export | |
2235 | neighbor upstream route-map rm-upstream-out out | |
2236 | neighbor cust route-map rm-cust-in in | |
2237 | neighbor cust route-map rm-cust-out out | |
2238 | neighbor cust send-community both | |
2239 | neighbor peer route-map rm-peer-in in | |
2240 | neighbor peer route-map rm-peer-out out | |
2241 | neighbor peer send-community both | |
2242 | neighbor 10.3.1.1 prefix-list pl-cust1-network in | |
2243 | neighbor 10.4.1.1 prefix-list pl-cust2-network in | |
2244 | neighbor 10.5.1.1 prefix-list pl-peer1-network in | |
2245 | neighbor 10.6.1.1 prefix-list pl-peer2-network in | |
2246 | exit-address-family | |
2247 | ! | |
2248 | ip prefix-list pl-default permit 0.0.0.0/0 | |
2249 | ! | |
2250 | ip prefix-list pl-upstream-peers permit 10.1.1.1/32 | |
2251 | ip prefix-list pl-upstream-peers permit 10.2.1.1/32 | |
2252 | ! | |
2253 | ip prefix-list pl-cust1-network permit 10.3.1.0/24 | |
2254 | ip prefix-list pl-cust1-network permit 10.3.2.0/24 | |
2255 | ! | |
2256 | ip prefix-list pl-cust2-network permit 10.4.1.0/24 | |
2257 | ! | |
2258 | ip prefix-list pl-peer1-network permit 10.5.1.0/24 | |
2259 | ip prefix-list pl-peer1-network permit 10.5.2.0/24 | |
2260 | ip prefix-list pl-peer1-network permit 192.168.0.0/24 | |
2261 | ! | |
2262 | ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 10.6.1.0/24 | |
2263 | ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 10.6.2.0/24 | |
2264 | ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 192.168.1.0/24 | |
2265 | ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 192.168.2.0/24 | |
2266 | ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 172.16.1/24 | |
2267 | ! | |
2268 | ip as-path access-list asp-own-as permit ^$ | |
2269 | ip as-path access-list asp-own-as permit _64512_ | |
2270 | ! | |
2271 | ! ################################################################# | |
2272 | ! Match communities we provide actions for, on routes receives from | |
2273 | ! customers. Communities values of <our-ASN>:X, with X, have actions: | |
2274 | ! | |
2275 | ! 100 - blackhole the prefix | |
2276 | ! 200 - set no_export | |
2277 | ! 300 - advertise only to other customers | |
2278 | ! 400 - advertise only to upstreams | |
2279 | ! 500 - set no_export when advertising to upstreams | |
2280 | ! 2X00 - set local_preference to X00 | |
2281 | ! | |
2282 | ! blackhole the prefix of the route | |
2283 | ip community-list standard cm-blackhole permit 64512:100 | |
2284 | ! | |
2285 | ! set no-export community before advertising | |
2286 | ip community-list standard cm-set-no-export permit 64512:200 | |
2287 | ! | |
2288 | ! advertise only to other customers | |
2289 | ip community-list standard cm-cust-only permit 64512:300 | |
2290 | ! | |
2291 | ! advertise only to upstreams | |
2292 | ip community-list standard cm-upstream-only permit 64512:400 | |
2293 | ! | |
2294 | ! advertise to upstreams with no-export | |
2295 | ip community-list standard cm-upstream-noexport permit 64512:500 | |
2296 | ! | |
2297 | ! set local-pref to least significant 3 digits of the community | |
2298 | ip community-list standard cm-prefmod-100 permit 64512:2100 | |
2299 | ip community-list standard cm-prefmod-200 permit 64512:2200 | |
2300 | ip community-list standard cm-prefmod-300 permit 64512:2300 | |
2301 | ip community-list standard cm-prefmod-400 permit 64512:2400 | |
2302 | ip community-list expanded cme-prefmod-range permit 64512:2... | |
2303 | ! | |
2304 | ! Informational communities | |
2305 | ! | |
2306 | ! 3000 - learned from upstream | |
2307 | ! 3100 - learned from customer | |
2308 | ! 3200 - learned from peer | |
2309 | ! | |
2310 | ip community-list standard cm-learnt-upstream permit 64512:3000 | |
2311 | ip community-list standard cm-learnt-cust permit 64512:3100 | |
2312 | ip community-list standard cm-learnt-peer permit 64512:3200 | |
2313 | ! | |
2314 | ! ################################################################### | |
2315 | ! Utility route-maps | |
2316 | ! | |
2317 | ! These utility route-maps generally should not used to permit/deny | |
2318 | ! routes, i.e. they do not have meaning as filters, and hence probably | |
2319 | ! should be used with 'on-match next'. These all finish with an empty | |
2320 | ! permit entry so as not interfere with processing in the caller. | |
2321 | ! | |
2322 | route-map rm-no-export permit 10 | |
2323 | set community additive no-export | |
2324 | route-map rm-no-export permit 20 | |
2325 | ! | |
2326 | route-map rm-blackhole permit 10 | |
2327 | description blackhole, up-pref and ensure it cant escape this AS | |
2328 | set ip next-hop 127.0.0.1 | |
2329 | set local-preference 10 | |
2330 | set community additive no-export | |
2331 | route-map rm-blackhole permit 20 | |
2332 | ! | |
2333 | ! Set local-pref as requested | |
2334 | route-map rm-prefmod permit 10 | |
2335 | match community cm-prefmod-100 | |
2336 | set local-preference 100 | |
2337 | route-map rm-prefmod permit 20 | |
2338 | match community cm-prefmod-200 | |
2339 | set local-preference 200 | |
2340 | route-map rm-prefmod permit 30 | |
2341 | match community cm-prefmod-300 | |
2342 | set local-preference 300 | |
2343 | route-map rm-prefmod permit 40 | |
2344 | match community cm-prefmod-400 | |
2345 | set local-preference 400 | |
2346 | route-map rm-prefmod permit 50 | |
2347 | ! | |
2348 | ! Community actions to take on receipt of route. | |
2349 | route-map rm-community-in permit 10 | |
2350 | description check for blackholing, no point continuing if it matches. | |
2351 | match community cm-blackhole | |
2352 | call rm-blackhole | |
2353 | route-map rm-community-in permit 20 | |
2354 | match community cm-set-no-export | |
2355 | call rm-no-export | |
2356 | on-match next | |
2357 | route-map rm-community-in permit 30 | |
2358 | match community cme-prefmod-range | |
2359 | call rm-prefmod | |
2360 | route-map rm-community-in permit 40 | |
2361 | ! | |
2362 | ! ##################################################################### | |
2363 | ! Community actions to take when advertising a route. | |
2364 | ! These are filtering route-maps, | |
2365 | ! | |
2366 | ! Deny customer routes to upstream with cust-only set. | |
2367 | route-map rm-community-filt-to-upstream deny 10 | |
2368 | match community cm-learnt-cust | |
2369 | match community cm-cust-only | |
2370 | route-map rm-community-filt-to-upstream permit 20 | |
2371 | ! | |
2372 | ! Deny customer routes to other customers with upstream-only set. | |
2373 | route-map rm-community-filt-to-cust deny 10 | |
2374 | match community cm-learnt-cust | |
2375 | match community cm-upstream-only | |
2376 | route-map rm-community-filt-to-cust permit 20 | |
2377 | ! | |
2378 | ! ################################################################### | |
2379 | ! The top-level route-maps applied to sessions. Further entries could | |
2380 | ! be added obviously.. | |
2381 | ! | |
2382 | ! Customers | |
2383 | route-map rm-cust-in permit 10 | |
2384 | call rm-community-in | |
2385 | on-match next | |
2386 | route-map rm-cust-in permit 20 | |
2387 | set community additive 64512:3100 | |
2388 | route-map rm-cust-in permit 30 | |
2389 | ! | |
2390 | route-map rm-cust-out permit 10 | |
2391 | call rm-community-filt-to-cust | |
2392 | on-match next | |
2393 | route-map rm-cust-out permit 20 | |
2394 | ! | |
2395 | ! Upstream transit ASes | |
2396 | route-map rm-upstream-out permit 10 | |
2397 | description filter customer prefixes which are marked cust-only | |
2398 | call rm-community-filt-to-upstream | |
2399 | on-match next | |
2400 | route-map rm-upstream-out permit 20 | |
2401 | description only customer routes are provided to upstreams/peers | |
2402 | match community cm-learnt-cust | |
2403 | ! | |
2404 | ! Peer ASes | |
2405 | ! outbound policy is same as for upstream | |
2406 | route-map rm-peer-out permit 10 | |
2407 | call rm-upstream-out | |
2408 | ! | |
2409 | route-map rm-peer-in permit 10 | |
2410 | set community additive 64512:3200 | |
c3c5a71f | 2411 | |
8fcedbd2 QY |
2412 | |
2413 | Example of how to set up a 6-Bone connection. | |
2414 | ||
2415 | .. code-block:: frr | |
2416 | ||
2417 | ! bgpd configuration | |
2418 | ! ================== | |
2419 | ! | |
2420 | ! MP-BGP configuration | |
2421 | ! | |
2422 | router bgp 7675 | |
2423 | bgp router-id 10.0.0.1 | |
2424 | neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2a0:c9ff:fe9e:f56 remote-as `as-number` | |
2425 | ! | |
2426 | address-family ipv6 | |
2427 | network 3ffe:506::/32 | |
2428 | neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2a0:c9ff:fe9e:f56 activate | |
2429 | neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2a0:c9ff:fe9e:f56 route-map set-nexthop out | |
2430 | neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2c0:4fff:fe68:a231 remote-as `as-number` | |
2431 | neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2c0:4fff:fe68:a231 route-map set-nexthop out | |
2432 | exit-address-family | |
2433 | ! | |
2434 | ipv6 access-list all permit any | |
2435 | ! | |
2436 | ! Set output nexthop address. | |
2437 | ! | |
2438 | route-map set-nexthop permit 10 | |
2439 | match ipv6 address all | |
2440 | set ipv6 nexthop global 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2c0:4fff:fe68:a225 | |
2441 | set ipv6 nexthop local fe80::2c0:4fff:fe68:a225 | |
2442 | ! | |
2443 | log file bgpd.log | |
2444 | ! | |
2445 | ||
2446 | ||
9e146a81 | 2447 | .. include:: routeserver.rst |
f3817860 QY |
2448 | |
2449 | .. include:: rpki.rst | |
c1a54c05 | 2450 | |
00458d01 PG |
2451 | .. include:: flowspec.rst |
2452 | ||
d1e7591e | 2453 | .. [#med-transitivity-rant] For some set of objects to have an order, there *must* be some binary ordering relation that is defined for *every* combination of those objects, and that relation *must* be transitive. I.e.:, if the relation operator is <, and if a < b and b < c then that relation must carry over and it *must* be that a < c for the objects to have an order. The ordering relation may allow for equality, i.e. a < b and b < a may both be true and imply that a and b are equal in the order and not distinguished by it, in which case the set has a partial order. Otherwise, if there is an order, all the objects have a distinct place in the order and the set has a total order) |
c1a54c05 QY |
2454 | .. [bgp-route-osci-cond] McPherson, D. and Gill, V. and Walton, D., "Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Persistent Route Oscillation Condition", IETF RFC3345 |
2455 | .. [stable-flexible-ibgp] Flavel, A. and M. Roughan, "Stable and flexible iBGP", ACM SIGCOMM 2009 | |
2456 | .. [ibgp-correctness] Griffin, T. and G. Wilfong, "On the correctness of IBGP configuration", ACM SIGCOMM 2002 |