[mirror_ubuntu-artful-kernel.git] / kernel / sys.c

/*
 *  linux/kernel/sys.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/utsname.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/reboot.h>
#include <linux/prctl.h>
#include <linux/highuid.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kexec.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/key.h>
#include <linux/times.h>
#include <linux/posix-timers.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/dcookies.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/cn_proc.h>
#include <linux/getcpu.h>

#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>

#ifndef SET_UNALIGN_CTL
# define SET_UNALIGN_CTL(a,b)	(-EINVAL)
#endif
#ifndef GET_UNALIGN_CTL
# define GET_UNALIGN_CTL(a,b)	(-EINVAL)
#endif
#ifndef SET_FPEMU_CTL
# define SET_FPEMU_CTL(a,b)	(-EINVAL)
#endif
#ifndef GET_FPEMU_CTL
# define GET_FPEMU_CTL(a,b)	(-EINVAL)
#endif
#ifndef SET_FPEXC_CTL
# define SET_FPEXC_CTL(a,b)	(-EINVAL)
#endif
#ifndef GET_FPEXC_CTL
# define GET_FPEXC_CTL(a,b)	(-EINVAL)
#endif
#ifndef GET_ENDIAN
# define GET_ENDIAN(a,b)	(-EINVAL)
#endif
#ifndef SET_ENDIAN
# define SET_ENDIAN(a,b)	(-EINVAL)
#endif

/*
 * this is where the system-wide overflow UID and GID are defined, for
 * architectures that now have 32-bit UID/GID but didn't in the past
 */

int overflowuid = DEFAULT_OVERFLOWUID;
int overflowgid = DEFAULT_OVERFLOWGID;

#ifdef CONFIG_UID16
EXPORT_SYMBOL(overflowuid);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(overflowgid);
#endif

/*
 * the same as above, but for filesystems which can only store a 16-bit
 * UID and GID. as such, this is needed on all architectures
 */

int fs_overflowuid = DEFAULT_FS_OVERFLOWUID;
int fs_overflowgid = DEFAULT_FS_OVERFLOWUID;

EXPORT_SYMBOL(fs_overflowuid);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(fs_overflowgid);

/*
 * this indicates whether you can reboot with ctrl-alt-del: the default is yes
 */

int C_A_D = 1;
struct pid *cad_pid;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(cad_pid);

/*
 *	Notifier list for kernel code which wants to be called
 *	at shutdown. This is used to stop any idling DMA operations
 *	and the like. 
 */

static BLOCKING_NOTIFIER_HEAD(reboot_notifier_list);

/*
 *	Notifier chain core routines.  The exported routines below
 *	are layered on top of these, with appropriate locking added.
 */

static int notifier_chain_register(struct notifier_block **nl,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
	while ((*nl) != NULL) {
		if (n->priority > (*nl)->priority)
			break;
		nl = &((*nl)->next);
	}
	n->next = *nl;
	rcu_assign_pointer(*nl, n);
	return 0;
}

static int notifier_chain_unregister(struct notifier_block **nl,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
	while ((*nl) != NULL) {
		if ((*nl) == n) {
			rcu_assign_pointer(*nl, n->next);
			return 0;
		}
		nl = &((*nl)->next);
	}
	return -ENOENT;
}

static int __kprobes notifier_call_chain(struct notifier_block **nl,
		unsigned long val, void *v)
{
	int ret = NOTIFY_DONE;
	struct notifier_block *nb, *next_nb;

	nb = rcu_dereference(*nl);
	while (nb) {
		next_nb = rcu_dereference(nb->next);
		ret = nb->notifier_call(nb, val, v);
		if ((ret & NOTIFY_STOP_MASK) == NOTIFY_STOP_MASK)
			break;
		nb = next_nb;
	}
	return ret;
}

/*
 *	Atomic notifier chain routines.  Registration and unregistration
 *	use a spinlock, and call_chain is synchronized by RCU (no locks).
 */

/**
 *	atomic_notifier_chain_register - Add notifier to an atomic notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the atomic notifier chain
 *	@n: New entry in notifier chain
 *
 *	Adds a notifier to an atomic notifier chain.
 *
 *	Currently always returns zero.
 */

int atomic_notifier_chain_register(struct atomic_notifier_head *nh,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int ret;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&nh->lock, flags);
	ret = notifier_chain_register(&nh->head, n);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&nh->lock, flags);
	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(atomic_notifier_chain_register);

/**
 *	atomic_notifier_chain_unregister - Remove notifier from an atomic notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the atomic notifier chain
 *	@n: Entry to remove from notifier chain
 *
 *	Removes a notifier from an atomic notifier chain.
 *
 *	Returns zero on success or %-ENOENT on failure.
 */
int atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(struct atomic_notifier_head *nh,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int ret;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&nh->lock, flags);
	ret = notifier_chain_unregister(&nh->head, n);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&nh->lock, flags);
	synchronize_rcu();
	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(atomic_notifier_chain_unregister);

/**
 *	atomic_notifier_call_chain - Call functions in an atomic notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the atomic notifier chain
 *	@val: Value passed unmodified to notifier function
 *	@v: Pointer passed unmodified to notifier function
 *
 *	Calls each function in a notifier chain in turn.  The functions
 *	run in an atomic context, so they must not block.
 *	This routine uses RCU to synchronize with changes to the chain.
 *
 *	If the return value of the notifier can be and'ed
 *	with %NOTIFY_STOP_MASK then atomic_notifier_call_chain()
 *	will return immediately, with the return value of
 *	the notifier function which halted execution.
 *	Otherwise the return value is the return value
 *	of the last notifier function called.
 */
 
int __kprobes atomic_notifier_call_chain(struct atomic_notifier_head *nh,
		unsigned long val, void *v)
{
	int ret;

	rcu_read_lock();
	ret = notifier_call_chain(&nh->head, val, v);
	rcu_read_unlock();
	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(atomic_notifier_call_chain);

/*
 *	Blocking notifier chain routines.  All access to the chain is
 *	synchronized by an rwsem.
 */

/**
 *	blocking_notifier_chain_register - Add notifier to a blocking notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the blocking notifier chain
 *	@n: New entry in notifier chain
 *
 *	Adds a notifier to a blocking notifier chain.
 *	Must be called in process context.
 *
 *	Currently always returns zero.
 */
 
int blocking_notifier_chain_register(struct blocking_notifier_head *nh,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
	int ret;

	/*
	 * This code gets used during boot-up, when task switching is
	 * not yet working and interrupts must remain disabled.  At
	 * such times we must not call down_write().
	 */
	if (unlikely(system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING))
		return notifier_chain_register(&nh->head, n);

	down_write(&nh->rwsem);
	ret = notifier_chain_register(&nh->head, n);
	up_write(&nh->rwsem);
	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blocking_notifier_chain_register);

/**
 *	blocking_notifier_chain_unregister - Remove notifier from a blocking notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the blocking notifier chain
 *	@n: Entry to remove from notifier chain
 *
 *	Removes a notifier from a blocking notifier chain.
 *	Must be called from process context.
 *
 *	Returns zero on success or %-ENOENT on failure.
 */
int blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(struct blocking_notifier_head *nh,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
	int ret;

	/*
	 * This code gets used during boot-up, when task switching is
	 * not yet working and interrupts must remain disabled.  At
	 * such times we must not call down_write().
	 */
	if (unlikely(system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING))
		return notifier_chain_unregister(&nh->head, n);

	down_write(&nh->rwsem);
	ret = notifier_chain_unregister(&nh->head, n);
	up_write(&nh->rwsem);
	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blocking_notifier_chain_unregister);

/**
 *	blocking_notifier_call_chain - Call functions in a blocking notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the blocking notifier chain
 *	@val: Value passed unmodified to notifier function
 *	@v: Pointer passed unmodified to notifier function
 *
 *	Calls each function in a notifier chain in turn.  The functions
 *	run in a process context, so they are allowed to block.
 *
 *	If the return value of the notifier can be and'ed
 *	with %NOTIFY_STOP_MASK then blocking_notifier_call_chain()
 *	will return immediately, with the return value of
 *	the notifier function which halted execution.
 *	Otherwise the return value is the return value
 *	of the last notifier function called.
 */
 
int blocking_notifier_call_chain(struct blocking_notifier_head *nh,
		unsigned long val, void *v)
{
	int ret = NOTIFY_DONE;

	/*
	 * We check the head outside the lock, but if this access is
	 * racy then it does not matter what the result of the test
	 * is, we re-check the list after having taken the lock anyway:
	 */
	if (rcu_dereference(nh->head)) {
		down_read(&nh->rwsem);
		ret = notifier_call_chain(&nh->head, val, v);
		up_read(&nh->rwsem);
	}
	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blocking_notifier_call_chain);

/*
 *	Raw notifier chain routines.  There is no protection;
 *	the caller must provide it.  Use at your own risk!
 */

/**
 *	raw_notifier_chain_register - Add notifier to a raw notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the raw notifier chain
 *	@n: New entry in notifier chain
 *
 *	Adds a notifier to a raw notifier chain.
 *	All locking must be provided by the caller.
 *
 *	Currently always returns zero.
 */

int raw_notifier_chain_register(struct raw_notifier_head *nh,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
	return notifier_chain_register(&nh->head, n);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(raw_notifier_chain_register);

/**
 *	raw_notifier_chain_unregister - Remove notifier from a raw notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the raw notifier chain
 *	@n: Entry to remove from notifier chain
 *
 *	Removes a notifier from a raw notifier chain.
 *	All locking must be provided by the caller.
 *
 *	Returns zero on success or %-ENOENT on failure.
 */
int raw_notifier_chain_unregister(struct raw_notifier_head *nh,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
	return notifier_chain_unregister(&nh->head, n);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(raw_notifier_chain_unregister);

/**
 *	raw_notifier_call_chain - Call functions in a raw notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the raw notifier chain
 *	@val: Value passed unmodified to notifier function
 *	@v: Pointer passed unmodified to notifier function
 *
 *	Calls each function in a notifier chain in turn.  The functions
 *	run in an undefined context.
 *	All locking must be provided by the caller.
 *
 *	If the return value of the notifier can be and'ed
 *	with %NOTIFY_STOP_MASK then raw_notifier_call_chain()
 *	will return immediately, with the return value of
 *	the notifier function which halted execution.
 *	Otherwise the return value is the return value
 *	of the last notifier function called.
 */

int raw_notifier_call_chain(struct raw_notifier_head *nh,
		unsigned long val, void *v)
{
	return notifier_call_chain(&nh->head, val, v);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(raw_notifier_call_chain);

/*
 *	SRCU notifier chain routines.    Registration and unregistration
 *	use a mutex, and call_chain is synchronized by SRCU (no locks).
 */

/**
 *	srcu_notifier_chain_register - Add notifier to an SRCU notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the SRCU notifier chain
 *	@n: New entry in notifier chain
 *
 *	Adds a notifier to an SRCU notifier chain.
 *	Must be called in process context.
 *
 *	Currently always returns zero.
 */

int srcu_notifier_chain_register(struct srcu_notifier_head *nh,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
	int ret;

	/*
	 * This code gets used during boot-up, when task switching is
	 * not yet working and interrupts must remain disabled.  At
	 * such times we must not call mutex_lock().
	 */
	if (unlikely(system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING))
		return notifier_chain_register(&nh->head, n);

	mutex_lock(&nh->mutex);
	ret = notifier_chain_register(&nh->head, n);
	mutex_unlock(&nh->mutex);
	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(srcu_notifier_chain_register);

/**
 *	srcu_notifier_chain_unregister - Remove notifier from an SRCU notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the SRCU notifier chain
 *	@n: Entry to remove from notifier chain
 *
 *	Removes a notifier from an SRCU notifier chain.
 *	Must be called from process context.
 *
 *	Returns zero on success or %-ENOENT on failure.
 */
int srcu_notifier_chain_unregister(struct srcu_notifier_head *nh,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
	int ret;

	/*
	 * This code gets used during boot-up, when task switching is
	 * not yet working and interrupts must remain disabled.  At
	 * such times we must not call mutex_lock().
	 */
	if (unlikely(system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING))
		return notifier_chain_unregister(&nh->head, n);

	mutex_lock(&nh->mutex);
	ret = notifier_chain_unregister(&nh->head, n);
	mutex_unlock(&nh->mutex);
	synchronize_srcu(&nh->srcu);
	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(srcu_notifier_chain_unregister);

/**
 *	srcu_notifier_call_chain - Call functions in an SRCU notifier chain
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the SRCU notifier chain
 *	@val: Value passed unmodified to notifier function
 *	@v: Pointer passed unmodified to notifier function
 *
 *	Calls each function in a notifier chain in turn.  The functions
 *	run in a process context, so they are allowed to block.
 *
 *	If the return value of the notifier can be and'ed
 *	with %NOTIFY_STOP_MASK then srcu_notifier_call_chain()
 *	will return immediately, with the return value of
 *	the notifier function which halted execution.
 *	Otherwise the return value is the return value
 *	of the last notifier function called.
 */

int srcu_notifier_call_chain(struct srcu_notifier_head *nh,
		unsigned long val, void *v)
{
	int ret;
	int idx;

	idx = srcu_read_lock(&nh->srcu);
	ret = notifier_call_chain(&nh->head, val, v);
	srcu_read_unlock(&nh->srcu, idx);
	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(srcu_notifier_call_chain);

/**
 *	srcu_init_notifier_head - Initialize an SRCU notifier head
 *	@nh: Pointer to head of the srcu notifier chain
 *
 *	Unlike other sorts of notifier heads, SRCU notifier heads require
 *	dynamic initialization.  Be sure to call this routine before
 *	calling any of the other SRCU notifier routines for this head.
 *
 *	If an SRCU notifier head is deallocated, it must first be cleaned
 *	up by calling srcu_cleanup_notifier_head().  Otherwise the head's
 *	per-cpu data (used by the SRCU mechanism) will leak.
 */

void srcu_init_notifier_head(struct srcu_notifier_head *nh)
{
	mutex_init(&nh->mutex);
	if (init_srcu_struct(&nh->srcu) < 0)
		BUG();
	nh->head = NULL;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(srcu_init_notifier_head);

/**
 *	register_reboot_notifier - Register function to be called at reboot time
 *	@nb: Info about notifier function to be called
 *
 *	Registers a function with the list of functions
 *	to be called at reboot time.
 *
 *	Currently always returns zero, as blocking_notifier_chain_register()
 *	always returns zero.
 */
 
int register_reboot_notifier(struct notifier_block * nb)
{
	return blocking_notifier_chain_register(&reboot_notifier_list, nb);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_reboot_notifier);

/**
 *	unregister_reboot_notifier - Unregister previously registered reboot notifier
 *	@nb: Hook to be unregistered
 *
 *	Unregisters a previously registered reboot
 *	notifier function.
 *
 *	Returns zero on success, or %-ENOENT on failure.
 */
 
int unregister_reboot_notifier(struct notifier_block * nb)
{
	return blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(&reboot_notifier_list, nb);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_reboot_notifier);

static int set_one_prio(struct task_struct *p, int niceval, int error)
{
	int no_nice;

	if (p->uid != current->euid &&
		p->euid != current->euid && !capable(CAP_SYS_NICE)) {
		error = -EPERM;
		goto out;
	}
	if (niceval < task_nice(p) && !can_nice(p, niceval)) {
		error = -EACCES;
		goto out;
	}
	no_nice = security_task_setnice(p, niceval);
	if (no_nice) {
		error = no_nice;
		goto out;
	}
	if (error == -ESRCH)
		error = 0;
	set_user_nice(p, niceval);
out:
	return error;
}

asmlinkage long sys_setpriority(int which, int who, int niceval)
{
	struct task_struct *g, *p;
	struct user_struct *user;
	int error = -EINVAL;

	if (which > 2 || which < 0)
		goto out;

	/* normalize: avoid signed division (rounding problems) */
	error = -ESRCH;
	if (niceval < -20)
		niceval = -20;
	if (niceval > 19)
		niceval = 19;

	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	switch (which) {
		case PRIO_PROCESS:
			if (!who)
				who = current->pid;
			p = find_task_by_pid(who);
			if (p)
				error = set_one_prio(p, niceval, error);
			break;
		case PRIO_PGRP:
			if (!who)
				who = process_group(current);
			do_each_task_pid(who, PIDTYPE_PGID, p) {
				error = set_one_prio(p, niceval, error);
			} while_each_task_pid(who, PIDTYPE_PGID, p);
			break;
		case PRIO_USER:
			user = current->user;
			if (!who)
				who = current->uid;
			else
				if ((who != current->uid) && !(user = find_user(who)))
					goto out_unlock;	/* No processes for this user */

			do_each_thread(g, p)
				if (p->uid == who)
					error = set_one_prio(p, niceval, error);
			while_each_thread(g, p);
			if (who != current->uid)
				free_uid(user);		/* For find_user() */
			break;
	}
out_unlock:
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
out:
	return error;
}

/*
 * Ugh. To avoid negative return values, "getpriority()" will
 * not return the normal nice-value, but a negated value that
 * has been offset by 20 (ie it returns 40..1 instead of -20..19)
 * to stay compatible.
 */
asmlinkage long sys_getpriority(int which, int who)
{
	struct task_struct *g, *p;
	struct user_struct *user;
	long niceval, retval = -ESRCH;

	if (which > 2 || which < 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	switch (which) {
		case PRIO_PROCESS:
			if (!who)
				who = current->pid;
			p = find_task_by_pid(who);
			if (p) {
				niceval = 20 - task_nice(p);
				if (niceval > retval)
					retval = niceval;
			}
			break;
		case PRIO_PGRP:
			if (!who)
				who = process_group(current);
			do_each_task_pid(who, PIDTYPE_PGID, p) {
				niceval = 20 - task_nice(p);
				if (niceval > retval)
					retval = niceval;
			} while_each_task_pid(who, PIDTYPE_PGID, p);
			break;
		case PRIO_USER:
			user = current->user;
			if (!who)
				who = current->uid;
			else
				if ((who != current->uid) && !(user = find_user(who)))
					goto out_unlock;	/* No processes for this user */

			do_each_thread(g, p)
				if (p->uid == who) {
					niceval = 20 - task_nice(p);
					if (niceval > retval)
						retval = niceval;
				}
			while_each_thread(g, p);
			if (who != current->uid)
				free_uid(user);		/* for find_user() */
			break;
	}
out_unlock:
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

	return retval;
}

/**
 *	emergency_restart - reboot the system
 *
 *	Without shutting down any hardware or taking any locks
 *	reboot the system.  This is called when we know we are in
 *	trouble so this is our best effort to reboot.  This is
 *	safe to call in interrupt context.
 */
void emergency_restart(void)
{
	machine_emergency_restart();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(emergency_restart);

static void kernel_restart_prepare(char *cmd)
{
	blocking_notifier_call_chain(&reboot_notifier_list, SYS_RESTART, cmd);
	system_state = SYSTEM_RESTART;
	device_shutdown();
}

/**
 *	kernel_restart - reboot the system
 *	@cmd: pointer to buffer containing command to execute for restart
 *		or %NULL
 *
 *	Shutdown everything and perform a clean reboot.
 *	This is not safe to call in interrupt context.
 */
void kernel_restart(char *cmd)
{
	kernel_restart_prepare(cmd);
	if (!cmd)
		printk(KERN_EMERG "Restarting system.\n");
	else
		printk(KERN_EMERG "Restarting system with command '%s'.\n", cmd);
	machine_restart(cmd);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kernel_restart);

/**
 *	kernel_kexec - reboot the system
 *
 *	Move into place and start executing a preloaded standalone
 *	executable.  If nothing was preloaded return an error.
 */
static void kernel_kexec(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC
	struct kimage *image;
	image = xchg(&kexec_image, NULL);
	if (!image)
		return;
	kernel_restart_prepare(NULL);
	printk(KERN_EMERG "Starting new kernel\n");
	machine_shutdown();
	machine_kexec(image);
#endif
}

void kernel_shutdown_prepare(enum system_states state)
{
	blocking_notifier_call_chain(&reboot_notifier_list,
		(state == SYSTEM_HALT)?SYS_HALT:SYS_POWER_OFF, NULL);
	system_state = state;
	device_shutdown();
}
/**
 *	kernel_halt - halt the system
 *
 *	Shutdown everything and perform a clean system halt.
 */
void kernel_halt(void)
{
	kernel_shutdown_prepare(SYSTEM_HALT);
	printk(KERN_EMERG "System halted.\n");
	machine_halt();
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kernel_halt);

/**
 *	kernel_power_off - power_off the system
 *
 *	Shutdown everything and perform a clean system power_off.
 */
void kernel_power_off(void)
{
	kernel_shutdown_prepare(SYSTEM_POWER_OFF);
	printk(KERN_EMERG "Power down.\n");
	machine_power_off();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kernel_power_off);
/*
 * Reboot system call: for obvious reasons only root may call it,
 * and even root needs to set up some magic numbers in the registers
 * so that some mistake won't make this reboot the whole machine.
 * You can also set the meaning of the ctrl-alt-del-key here.
 *
 * reboot doesn't sync: do that yourself before calling this.
 */
asmlinkage long sys_reboot(int magic1, int magic2, unsigned int cmd, void __user * arg)
{
	char buffer[256];

	/* We only trust the superuser with rebooting the system. */
	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_BOOT))
		return -EPERM;

	/* For safety, we require "magic" arguments. */
	if (magic1 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1 ||
	    (magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2 &&
	                magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2A &&
			magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2B &&
	                magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2C))
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Instead of trying to make the power_off code look like
	 * halt when pm_power_off is not set do it the easy way.
	 */
	if ((cmd == LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF) && !pm_power_off)
		cmd = LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT;

	lock_kernel();
	switch (cmd) {
	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART:
		kernel_restart(NULL);
		break;

	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_ON:
		C_A_D = 1;
		break;

	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_OFF:
		C_A_D = 0;
		break;

	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT:
		kernel_halt();
		unlock_kernel();
		do_exit(0);
		break;

	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF:
		kernel_power_off();
		unlock_kernel();
		do_exit(0);
		break;

	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2:
		if (strncpy_from_user(&buffer[0], arg, sizeof(buffer) - 1) < 0) {
			unlock_kernel();
			return -EFAULT;
		}
		buffer[sizeof(buffer) - 1] = '\0';

		kernel_restart(buffer);
		break;

	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC:
		kernel_kexec();
		unlock_kernel();
		return -EINVAL;

#ifdef CONFIG_SOFTWARE_SUSPEND
	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_SW_SUSPEND:
		{
			int ret = software_suspend();
			unlock_kernel();
			return ret;
		}
#endif

	default:
		unlock_kernel();
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	unlock_kernel();
	return 0;
}

static void deferred_cad(struct work_struct *dummy)
{
	kernel_restart(NULL);
}

/*
 * This function gets called by ctrl-alt-del - ie the keyboard interrupt.
 * As it's called within an interrupt, it may NOT sync: the only choice
 * is whether to reboot at once, or just ignore the ctrl-alt-del.
 */
void ctrl_alt_del(void)
{
	static DECLARE_WORK(cad_work, deferred_cad);

	if (C_A_D)
		schedule_work(&cad_work);
	else
		kill_cad_pid(SIGINT, 1);
}
	
/*
 * Unprivileged users may change the real gid to the effective gid
 * or vice versa.  (BSD-style)
 *
 * If you set the real gid at all, or set the effective gid to a value not
 * equal to the real gid, then the saved gid is set to the new effective gid.
 *
 * This makes it possible for a setgid program to completely drop its
 * privileges, which is often a useful assertion to make when you are doing
 * a security audit over a program.
 *
 * The general idea is that a program which uses just setregid() will be
 * 100% compatible with BSD.  A program which uses just setgid() will be
 * 100% compatible with POSIX with saved IDs. 
 *
 * SMP: There are not races, the GIDs are checked only by filesystem
 *      operations (as far as semantic preservation is concerned).
 */
asmlinkage long sys_setregid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid)
{
	int old_rgid = current->gid;
	int old_egid = current->egid;
	int new_rgid = old_rgid;
	int new_egid = old_egid;
	int retval;

	retval = security_task_setgid(rgid, egid, (gid_t)-1, LSM_SETID_RE);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	if (rgid != (gid_t) -1) {
		if ((old_rgid == rgid) ||
		    (current->egid==rgid) ||
		    capable(CAP_SETGID))
			new_rgid = rgid;
		else
			return -EPERM;
	}
	if (egid != (gid_t) -1) {
		if ((old_rgid == egid) ||
		    (current->egid == egid) ||
		    (current->sgid == egid) ||
		    capable(CAP_SETGID))
			new_egid = egid;
		else
			return -EPERM;
	}
	if (new_egid != old_egid) {
		current->mm->dumpable = suid_dumpable;
		smp_wmb();
	}
	if (rgid != (gid_t) -1 ||
	    (egid != (gid_t) -1 && egid != old_rgid))
		current->sgid = new_egid;
	current->fsgid = new_egid;
	current->egid = new_egid;
	current->gid = new_rgid;
	key_fsgid_changed(current);
	proc_id_connector(current, PROC_EVENT_GID);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * setgid() is implemented like SysV w/ SAVED_IDS 
 *
 * SMP: Same implicit races as above.
 */
asmlinkage long sys_setgid(gid_t gid)
{
	int old_egid = current->egid;
	int retval;

	retval = security_task_setgid(gid, (gid_t)-1, (gid_t)-1, LSM_SETID_ID);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	if (capable(CAP_SETGID)) {
		if (old_egid != gid) {
			current->mm->dumpable = suid_dumpable;
			smp_wmb();
		}
		current->gid = current->egid = current->sgid = current->fsgid = gid;
	} else if ((gid == current->gid) || (gid == current->sgid)) {
		if (old_egid != gid) {
			current->mm->dumpable = suid_dumpable;
			smp_wmb();
		}
		current->egid = current->fsgid = gid;
	}
	else
		return -EPERM;

	key_fsgid_changed(current);
	proc_id_connector(current, PROC_EVENT_GID);
	return 0;
}
  
static int set_user(uid_t new_ruid, int dumpclear)
{
	struct user_struct *new_user;

	new_user = alloc_uid(new_ruid);
	if (!new_user)
		return -EAGAIN;

	if (atomic_read(&new_user->processes) >=
				current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur &&
			new_user != &root_user) {
		free_uid(new_user);
		return -EAGAIN;
	}

	switch_uid(new_user);

	if (dumpclear) {
		current->mm->dumpable = suid_dumpable;
		smp_wmb();
	}
	current->uid = new_ruid;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Unprivileged users may change the real uid to the effective uid
 * or vice versa.  (BSD-style)
 *
 * If you set the real uid at all, or set the effective uid to a value not
 * equal to the real uid, then the saved uid is set to the new effective uid.
 *
 * This makes it possible for a setuid program to completely drop its
 * privileges, which is often a useful assertion to make when you are doing
 * a security audit over a program.
 *
 * The general idea is that a program which uses just setreuid() will be
 * 100% compatible with BSD.  A program which uses just setuid() will be
 * 100% compatible with POSIX with saved IDs. 
 */
asmlinkage long sys_setreuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid)
{
	int old_ruid, old_euid, old_suid, new_ruid, new_euid;
	int retval;

	retval = security_task_setuid(ruid, euid, (uid_t)-1, LSM_SETID_RE);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	new_ruid = old_ruid = current->uid;
	new_euid = old_euid = current->euid;
	old_suid = current->suid;

	if (ruid != (uid_t) -1) {
		new_ruid = ruid;
		if ((old_ruid != ruid) &&
		    (current->euid != ruid) &&
		    !capable(CAP_SETUID))
			return -EPERM;
	}

	if (euid != (uid_t) -1) {
		new_euid = euid;
		if ((old_ruid != euid) &&
		    (current->euid != euid) &&
		    (current->suid != euid) &&
		    !capable(CAP_SETUID))
			return -EPERM;
	}

	if (new_ruid != old_ruid && set_user(new_ruid, new_euid != old_euid) < 0)
		return -EAGAIN;

	if (new_euid != old_euid) {
		current->mm->dumpable = suid_dumpable;
		smp_wmb();
	}
	current->fsuid = current->euid = new_euid;
	if (ruid != (uid_t) -1 ||
	    (euid != (uid_t) -1 && euid != old_ruid))
		current->suid = current->euid;
	current->fsuid = current->euid;

	key_fsuid_changed(current);
	proc_id_connector(current, PROC_EVENT_UID);

	return security_task_post_setuid(old_ruid, old_euid, old_suid, LSM_SETID_RE);
}


/*
 * setuid() is implemented like SysV with SAVED_IDS 
 * 
 * Note that SAVED_ID's is deficient in that a setuid root program
 * like sendmail, for example, cannot set its uid to be a normal 
 * user and then switch back, because if you're root, setuid() sets
 * the saved uid too.  If you don't like this, blame the bright people
 * in the POSIX committee and/or USG.  Note that the BSD-style setreuid()
 * will allow a root program to temporarily drop privileges and be able to
 * regain them by swapping the real and effective uid.  
 */
asmlinkage long sys_setuid(uid_t uid)
{
	int old_euid = current->euid;
	int old_ruid, old_suid, new_suid;
	int retval;

	retval = security_task_setuid(uid, (uid_t)-1, (uid_t)-1, LSM_SETID_ID);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	old_ruid = current->uid;
	old_suid = current->suid;
	new_suid = old_suid;
	
	if (capable(CAP_SETUID)) {
		if (uid != old_ruid && set_user(uid, old_euid != uid) < 0)
			return -EAGAIN;
		new_suid = uid;
	} else if ((uid != current->uid) && (uid != new_suid))
		return -EPERM;

	if (old_euid != uid) {
		current->mm->dumpable = suid_dumpable;
		smp_wmb();
	}
	current->fsuid = current->euid = uid;
	current->suid = new_suid;

	key_fsuid_changed(current);
	proc_id_connector(current, PROC_EVENT_UID);

	return security_task_post_setuid(old_ruid, old_euid, old_suid, LSM_SETID_ID);
}


/*
 * This function implements a generic ability to update ruid, euid,
 * and suid.  This allows you to implement the 4.4 compatible seteuid().
 */
asmlinkage long sys_setresuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid, uid_t suid)
{
	int old_ruid = current->uid;
	int old_euid = current->euid;
	int old_suid = current->suid;
	int retval;

	retval = security_task_setuid(ruid, euid, suid, LSM_SETID_RES);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	if (!capable(CAP_SETUID)) {
		if ((ruid != (uid_t) -1) && (ruid != current->uid) &&
		    (ruid != current->euid) && (ruid != current->suid))
			return -EPERM;
		if ((euid != (uid_t) -1) && (euid != current->uid) &&
		    (euid != current->euid) && (euid != current->suid))
			return -EPERM;
		if ((suid != (uid_t) -1) && (suid != current->uid) &&
		    (suid != current->euid) && (suid != current->suid))
			return -EPERM;
	}
	if (ruid != (uid_t) -1) {
		if (ruid != current->uid && set_user(ruid, euid != current->euid) < 0)
			return -EAGAIN;
	}
	if (euid != (uid_t) -1) {
		if (euid != current->euid) {
			current->mm->dumpable = suid_dumpable;
			smp_wmb();
		}
		current->euid = euid;
	}
	current->fsuid = current->euid;
	if (suid != (uid_t) -1)
		current->suid = suid;

	key_fsuid_changed(current);
	proc_id_connector(current, PROC_EVENT_UID);

	return security_task_post_setuid(old_ruid, old_euid, old_suid, LSM_SETID_RES);
}

asmlinkage long sys_getresuid(uid_t __user *ruid, uid_t __user *euid, uid_t __user *suid)
{
	int retval;

	if (!(retval = put_user(current->uid, ruid)) &&
	    !(retval = put_user(current->euid, euid)))
		retval = put_user(current->suid, suid);

	return retval;
}

/*
 * Same as above, but for rgid, egid, sgid.
 */
asmlinkage long sys_setresgid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid, gid_t sgid)
{
	int retval;

	retval = security_task_setgid(rgid, egid, sgid, LSM_SETID_RES);
	if (retval)
		return retval;

	if (!capable(CAP_SETGID)) {
		if ((rgid != (gid_t) -1) && (rgid != current->gid) &&
		    (rgid != current->egid) && (rgid != current->sgid))
			return -EPERM;
		if ((egid != (gid_t) -1) && (egid != current->gid) &&
		    (egid != current->egid) && (egid != current->sgid))
			return -EPERM;
		if ((sgid != (gid_t) -1) && (sgid != current->gid) &&
		    (sgid != current->egid) && (sgid != current->sgid))
			return -EPERM;
	}
	if (egid != (gid_t) -1) {
		if (egid != current->egid) {
			current->mm->dumpable = suid_dumpable;
			smp_wmb();
		}
		current->egid = egid;
	}
	current->fsgid = current->egid;
	if (rgid != (gid_t) -1)
		current->gid = rgid;
	if (sgid != (gid_t) -1)
		current->sgid = sgid;

	key_fsgid_changed(current);
	proc_id_connector(current, PROC_EVENT_GID);
	return 0;
}

asmlinkage long sys_getresgid(gid_t __user *rgid, gid_t __user *egid, gid_t __user *sgid)
{
	int retval;

	if (!(retval = put_user(current->gid, rgid)) &&
	    !(retval = put_user(current->egid, egid)))
		retval = put_user(current->sgid, sgid);

	return retval;
}


/*
 * "setfsuid()" sets the fsuid - the uid used for filesystem checks. This
 * is used for "access()" and for the NFS daemon (letting nfsd stay at
 * whatever uid it wants to). It normally shadows "euid", except when
 * explicitly set by setfsuid() or for access..
 */
asmlinkage long sys_setfsuid(uid_t uid)
{
	int old_fsuid;

	old_fsuid = current->fsuid;
	if (security_task_setuid(uid, (uid_t)-1, (uid_t)-1, LSM_SETID_FS))
		return old_fsuid;

	if (uid == current->uid || uid == current->euid ||
	    uid == current->suid || uid == current->fsuid || 
	    capable(CAP_SETUID)) {
		if (uid != old_fsuid) {
			current->mm->dumpable = suid_dumpable;
			smp_wmb();
		}
		current->fsuid = uid;
	}

	key_fsuid_changed(current);
	proc_id_connector(current, PROC_EVENT_UID);

	security_task_post_setuid(old_fsuid, (uid_t)-1, (uid_t)-1, LSM_SETID_FS);

	return old_fsuid;
}

/*