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1da177e4
LT
1/*
2 * linux/mm/swap_state.c
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
5 * Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
6 *
7 * Rewritten to use page cache, (C) 1998 Stephen Tweedie
8 */
1da177e4 9#include <linux/mm.h>
5a0e3ad6 10#include <linux/gfp.h>
1da177e4
LT
11#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
12#include <linux/swap.h>
46017e95 13#include <linux/swapops.h>
1da177e4
LT
14#include <linux/init.h>
15#include <linux/pagemap.h>
1da177e4 16#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
c484d410 17#include <linux/pagevec.h>
b20a3503 18#include <linux/migrate.h>
8c7c6e34 19#include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
1da177e4
LT
20
21#include <asm/pgtable.h>
22
23/*
24 * swapper_space is a fiction, retained to simplify the path through
7eaceacc 25 * vmscan's shrink_page_list.
1da177e4 26 */
f5e54d6e 27static const struct address_space_operations swap_aops = {
1da177e4 28 .writepage = swap_writepage,
aca50bd3 29 .set_page_dirty = __set_page_dirty_no_writeback,
e965f963 30 .migratepage = migrate_page,
1da177e4
LT
31};
32
33static struct backing_dev_info swap_backing_dev_info = {
d993831f 34 .name = "swap",
4f98a2fe 35 .capabilities = BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK | BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED,
1da177e4
LT
36};
37
38struct address_space swapper_space = {
39 .page_tree = RADIX_TREE_INIT(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN),
19fd6231 40 .tree_lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(swapper_space.tree_lock),
1da177e4
LT
41 .a_ops = &swap_aops,
42 .i_mmap_nonlinear = LIST_HEAD_INIT(swapper_space.i_mmap_nonlinear),
43 .backing_dev_info = &swap_backing_dev_info,
44};
1da177e4
LT
45
46#define INC_CACHE_INFO(x) do { swap_cache_info.x++; } while (0)
47
48static struct {
49 unsigned long add_total;
50 unsigned long del_total;
51 unsigned long find_success;
52 unsigned long find_total;
1da177e4
LT
53} swap_cache_info;
54
55void show_swap_cache_info(void)
56{
2c97b7fc
JW
57 printk("%lu pages in swap cache\n", total_swapcache_pages);
58 printk("Swap cache stats: add %lu, delete %lu, find %lu/%lu\n",
1da177e4 59 swap_cache_info.add_total, swap_cache_info.del_total,
bb63be0a 60 swap_cache_info.find_success, swap_cache_info.find_total);
07279cdf 61 printk("Free swap = %ldkB\n", nr_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
1da177e4
LT
62 printk("Total swap = %lukB\n", total_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
63}
64
65/*
31a56396 66 * __add_to_swap_cache resembles add_to_page_cache_locked on swapper_space,
1da177e4
LT
67 * but sets SwapCache flag and private instead of mapping and index.
68 */
31a56396 69static int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
1da177e4
LT
70{
71 int error;
72
51726b12
HD
73 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
74 VM_BUG_ON(PageSwapCache(page));
75 VM_BUG_ON(!PageSwapBacked(page));
76
31a56396
DN
77 page_cache_get(page);
78 SetPageSwapCache(page);
79 set_page_private(page, entry.val);
80
81 spin_lock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
82 error = radix_tree_insert(&swapper_space.page_tree, entry.val, page);
83 if (likely(!error)) {
84 total_swapcache_pages++;
85 __inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
86 INC_CACHE_INFO(add_total);
87 }
88 spin_unlock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
89
90 if (unlikely(error)) {
2ca4532a
DN
91 /*
92 * Only the context which have set SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag
93 * would call add_to_swap_cache().
94 * So add_to_swap_cache() doesn't returns -EEXIST.
95 */
96 VM_BUG_ON(error == -EEXIST);
31a56396
DN
97 set_page_private(page, 0UL);
98 ClearPageSwapCache(page);
99 page_cache_release(page);
100 }
101
102 return error;
103}
104
105
106int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
107{
108 int error;
109
35c754d7
BS
110 error = radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask);
111 if (!error) {
31a56396 112 error = __add_to_swap_cache(page, entry);
1da177e4 113 radix_tree_preload_end();
fa1de900 114 }
1da177e4
LT
115 return error;
116}
117
1da177e4
LT
118/*
119 * This must be called only on pages that have
120 * been verified to be in the swap cache.
121 */
122void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
123{
51726b12
HD
124 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
125 VM_BUG_ON(!PageSwapCache(page));
126 VM_BUG_ON(PageWriteback(page));
1da177e4 127
4c21e2f2
HD
128 radix_tree_delete(&swapper_space.page_tree, page_private(page));
129 set_page_private(page, 0);
1da177e4
LT
130 ClearPageSwapCache(page);
131 total_swapcache_pages--;
347ce434 132 __dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
1da177e4
LT
133 INC_CACHE_INFO(del_total);
134}
135
136/**
137 * add_to_swap - allocate swap space for a page
138 * @page: page we want to move to swap
139 *
140 * Allocate swap space for the page and add the page to the
141 * swap cache. Caller needs to hold the page lock.
142 */
ac47b003 143int add_to_swap(struct page *page)
1da177e4
LT
144{
145 swp_entry_t entry;
1da177e4
LT
146 int err;
147
51726b12
HD
148 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
149 VM_BUG_ON(!PageUptodate(page));
1da177e4 150
2ca4532a
DN
151 entry = get_swap_page();
152 if (!entry.val)
153 return 0;
154
3f04f62f
AA
155 if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
156 if (unlikely(split_huge_page(page))) {
157 swapcache_free(entry, NULL);
158 return 0;
159 }
160
2ca4532a
DN
161 /*
162 * Radix-tree node allocations from PF_MEMALLOC contexts could
163 * completely exhaust the page allocator. __GFP_NOMEMALLOC
164 * stops emergency reserves from being allocated.
165 *
166 * TODO: this could cause a theoretical memory reclaim
167 * deadlock in the swap out path.
168 */
169 /*
170 * Add it to the swap cache and mark it dirty
171 */
172 err = add_to_swap_cache(page, entry,
173 __GFP_HIGH|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NOWARN);
174
175 if (!err) { /* Success */
176 SetPageDirty(page);
177 return 1;
178 } else { /* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
bd53b714 179 /*
2ca4532a
DN
180 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
181 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
1da177e4 182 */
2ca4532a
DN
183 swapcache_free(entry, NULL);
184 return 0;
1da177e4
LT
185 }
186}
187
188/*
189 * This must be called only on pages that have
190 * been verified to be in the swap cache and locked.
191 * It will never put the page into the free list,
192 * the caller has a reference on the page.
193 */
194void delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
195{
196 swp_entry_t entry;
197
4c21e2f2 198 entry.val = page_private(page);
1da177e4 199
19fd6231 200 spin_lock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
1da177e4 201 __delete_from_swap_cache(page);
19fd6231 202 spin_unlock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
1da177e4 203
cb4b86ba 204 swapcache_free(entry, page);
1da177e4
LT
205 page_cache_release(page);
206}
207
1da177e4
LT
208/*
209 * If we are the only user, then try to free up the swap cache.
210 *
211 * Its ok to check for PageSwapCache without the page lock
a2c43eed
HD
212 * here because we are going to recheck again inside
213 * try_to_free_swap() _with_ the lock.
1da177e4
LT
214 * - Marcelo
215 */
216static inline void free_swap_cache(struct page *page)
217{
a2c43eed
HD
218 if (PageSwapCache(page) && !page_mapped(page) && trylock_page(page)) {
219 try_to_free_swap(page);
1da177e4
LT
220 unlock_page(page);
221 }
222}
223
224/*
225 * Perform a free_page(), also freeing any swap cache associated with
b8072f09 226 * this page if it is the last user of the page.
1da177e4
LT
227 */
228void free_page_and_swap_cache(struct page *page)
229{
230 free_swap_cache(page);
231 page_cache_release(page);
232}
233
234/*
235 * Passed an array of pages, drop them all from swapcache and then release
236 * them. They are removed from the LRU and freed if this is their last use.
237 */
238void free_pages_and_swap_cache(struct page **pages, int nr)
239{
1da177e4
LT
240 struct page **pagep = pages;
241
242 lru_add_drain();
243 while (nr) {
c484d410 244 int todo = min(nr, PAGEVEC_SIZE);
1da177e4
LT
245 int i;
246
247 for (i = 0; i < todo; i++)
248 free_swap_cache(pagep[i]);
249 release_pages(pagep, todo, 0);
250 pagep += todo;
251 nr -= todo;
252 }
253}
254
255/*
256 * Lookup a swap entry in the swap cache. A found page will be returned
257 * unlocked and with its refcount incremented - we rely on the kernel
258 * lock getting page table operations atomic even if we drop the page
259 * lock before returning.
260 */
261struct page * lookup_swap_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
262{
263 struct page *page;
264
265 page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, entry.val);
266
267 if (page)
268 INC_CACHE_INFO(find_success);
269
270 INC_CACHE_INFO(find_total);
271 return page;
272}
273
274/*
275 * Locate a page of swap in physical memory, reserving swap cache space
276 * and reading the disk if it is not already cached.
277 * A failure return means that either the page allocation failed or that
278 * the swap entry is no longer in use.
279 */
02098fea 280struct page *read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
1da177e4
LT
281 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
282{
283 struct page *found_page, *new_page = NULL;
284 int err;
285
286 do {
287 /*
288 * First check the swap cache. Since this is normally
289 * called after lookup_swap_cache() failed, re-calling
290 * that would confuse statistics.
291 */
292 found_page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, entry.val);
293 if (found_page)
294 break;
295
296 /*
297 * Get a new page to read into from swap.
298 */
299 if (!new_page) {
02098fea 300 new_page = alloc_page_vma(gfp_mask, vma, addr);
1da177e4
LT
301 if (!new_page)
302 break; /* Out of memory */
303 }
304
31a56396
DN
305 /*
306 * call radix_tree_preload() while we can wait.
307 */
308 err = radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask & GFP_KERNEL);
309 if (err)
310 break;
311
f000944d
HD
312 /*
313 * Swap entry may have been freed since our caller observed it.
314 */
355cfa73 315 err = swapcache_prepare(entry);
31a56396
DN
316 if (err == -EEXIST) { /* seems racy */
317 radix_tree_preload_end();
355cfa73 318 continue;
31a56396
DN
319 }
320 if (err) { /* swp entry is obsolete ? */
321 radix_tree_preload_end();
f000944d 322 break;
31a56396 323 }
f000944d 324
2ca4532a 325 /* May fail (-ENOMEM) if radix-tree node allocation failed. */
f45840b5 326 __set_page_locked(new_page);
b2e18538 327 SetPageSwapBacked(new_page);
31a56396 328 err = __add_to_swap_cache(new_page, entry);
529ae9aa 329 if (likely(!err)) {
31a56396 330 radix_tree_preload_end();
1da177e4
LT
331 /*
332 * Initiate read into locked page and return.
333 */
c5fdae46 334 lru_cache_add_anon(new_page);
aca8bf32 335 swap_readpage(new_page);
1da177e4
LT
336 return new_page;
337 }
31a56396 338 radix_tree_preload_end();
b2e18538 339 ClearPageSwapBacked(new_page);
f45840b5 340 __clear_page_locked(new_page);
2ca4532a
DN
341 /*
342 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
343 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
344 */
cb4b86ba 345 swapcache_free(entry, NULL);
f000944d 346 } while (err != -ENOMEM);
1da177e4
LT
347
348 if (new_page)
349 page_cache_release(new_page);
350 return found_page;
351}
46017e95
HD
352
353/**
354 * swapin_readahead - swap in pages in hope we need them soon
355 * @entry: swap entry of this memory
7682486b 356 * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags
46017e95
HD
357 * @vma: user vma this address belongs to
358 * @addr: target address for mempolicy
359 *
360 * Returns the struct page for entry and addr, after queueing swapin.
361 *
362 * Primitive swap readahead code. We simply read an aligned block of
363 * (1 << page_cluster) entries in the swap area. This method is chosen
364 * because it doesn't cost us any seek time. We also make sure to queue
365 * the 'original' request together with the readahead ones...
366 *
367 * This has been extended to use the NUMA policies from the mm triggering
368 * the readahead.
369 *
370 * Caller must hold down_read on the vma->vm_mm if vma is not NULL.
371 */
02098fea 372struct page *swapin_readahead(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
46017e95
HD
373 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
374{
46017e95 375 struct page *page;
67f96aa2
RR
376 unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
377 unsigned long start_offset, end_offset;
378 unsigned long mask = (1UL << page_cluster) - 1;
46017e95 379
67f96aa2
RR
380 /* Read a page_cluster sized and aligned cluster around offset. */
381 start_offset = offset & ~mask;
382 end_offset = offset | mask;
383 if (!start_offset) /* First page is swap header. */
384 start_offset++;
385
386 for (offset = start_offset; offset <= end_offset ; offset++) {
46017e95
HD
387 /* Ok, do the async read-ahead now */
388 page = read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry(swp_type(entry), offset),
02098fea 389 gfp_mask, vma, addr);
46017e95 390 if (!page)
67f96aa2 391 continue;
46017e95
HD
392 page_cache_release(page);
393 }
394 lru_add_drain(); /* Push any new pages onto the LRU now */
02098fea 395 return read_swap_cache_async(entry, gfp_mask, vma, addr);
46017e95 396}