ovsdb: Introduce experimental support for clustered databases.

[mirror_ovs.git] / ovsdb / ovsdb-tool.1.in

.\" -*- nroff -*-
.de IQ
.  br
.  ns
.  IP "\\$1"
..
.\" -*- nroff -*-
.TH ovsdb\-tool 1 "@VERSION@" "Open vSwitch" "Open vSwitch Manual"
.ds PN ovsdb\-tool
.
.SH NAME
ovsdb\-tool \- Open vSwitch database management utility
.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.IP "Database Creation Commands:"
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBcreate \fR[\fIdb\fR [\fIschema\fR]]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBcreate\-cluster \fIdb contents address\fR
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] [\fB\-\-cid=\fIuuid\fR] \fBjoin\-cluster\fI db name local remote\fR...
.IP "Version Management Commands:"
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBconvert \fR[\fIdb\fR [\fIschema
\fR[\fItarget\fR]]]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBneeds\-conversion \fR[\fIdb\fR [\fIschema\fR]]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBdb\-version \fR[\fIdb\fR]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBschema\-version \fR[\fIschema\fR]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBdb\-cksum \fR[\fIdb\fR]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBschema\-cksum \fR[\fIschema\fR]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBcompare-versions\fI a op b\fR
.IP "Other commands:"
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBcompact \fR[\fIdb\fR [\fItarget\fR]]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] [\fB\-\-rbac\-role=\fIrole\fR] \fBquery \fR[\fIdb\fR] \fItransaction\fR
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] [\fB\-\-rbac\-role=\fIrole\fR] \fBtransact \fR[\fIdb\fR] \fItransaction\fR
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] [\fB\-m\fR | \fB\-\-more\fR]... \fBshow\-log \fR[\fIdb\fR]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBcheck\-cluster \fIdb\fR...
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBdb\-name \fR[\fIdb\fR]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBschema\-name \fR[\fIschema\fR]
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBdb\-cid\fI db\fR
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBdb\-sid\fI db\fR
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool \fR[\fIoptions\fR] \fBdb\-local\-address db\fR
.br
\fBovsdb\-tool help\fR
.so lib/vlog-syn.man
.so lib/common-syn.man
.
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBovsdb\-tool\fR program is a command-line tool for managing Open
vSwitch database (OVSDB) files.  It does not interact directly with
running Open vSwitch database servers (instead, use
\fBovsdb\-client\fR).
For an introduction to OVSDB and its implementation in Open vSwitch,
see \fBovsdb\fR(7).
.PP
Each command that takes an optional \fIdb\fR or \fIschema\fR argument
has a default file location if it is not specified..  The default
\fIdb\fR is \fB@DBDIR@/conf.db\fR.  The default \fIschema\fR is
\fB@pkgdatadir@/vswitch.ovsschema\fR.
.PP
This OVSDB implementation supports standalone and active-backup
database service models with one on-disk format and a clustered
database service model with a different format.  \fBovsdb\-tool\fR
supports both formats, but some commands are appropriate for only one
format, as documented for individual commands below.  For a
specification of these formats, see \fBovsdb\fR(5).  For more
information on OVSDB service models, see the \fBService Models\fR
section in \fBovsdb\fR(7).
.
.SS "Database Creation Commands"
These commands create a new OVSDB database file.
They will not overwrite an existing database file.  To
replace an existing database with a new one, first delete the old one.
.
.IP "\fBcreate \fR[\fIdb\fR [\fIschema\fR]]"
Use this command to create the database for controlling
\fBovs\-vswitchd\fR or another standalone or active-backup database.
It creates database file \fIdb\fR with the given \fIschema\fR, which
must be the name of a file that contains an OVSDB schema in JSON
format, as specified in the OVSDB specification.  The new database is
initially empty.  (You can use \fBcp\fR to copy a database including
both its schema and data.)
.
.IP "\fBcreate\-cluster\fI db contents local"
Use this command to initialize the first server in a high-availability
cluster of 3 (or more) database servers, e.g. for an OVN northbound or
southbound database in an environment that cannot tolerate a single
point of failure.  It creates clustered database file \fIdb\fR and
configures the server to listen on \fIlocal\fR, which must take the
form \fIprotocol\fB:\fIip\fB:\fIport\fR, where \fIprotocol\fR is
\fBtcp\fR or \fBssl\fR, \fIip\fR is the server's IP (either an IPv4
address or an IPv6 address enclosed in square brackets), and
\fIport\fR is a TCP port number.  Only one address is specified, for
the first server in the cluster, ordinarily the one for the server
running \fBcreate\-cluster\fR.  The address is used for communication
within the cluster, not for communicating with OVSDB clients, and must
not use the same port used for the OVSDB protocol.
.IP
The new database is initialized with \fIcontents\fR, which must name a
file that contains either an OVSDB schema in JSON format or a
standalone OVSDB database.  If it is a schema file, the new database
will initially be empty, with the given schema.  If it is a database
file, the new database will have the same schema and contents.
.
.IP "[\fB\-\-cid=\fIuuid\fR] \fBjoin\-cluster\fI db name local remote\fR..."
Use this command to initialize each server after the first one in an
OVSDB high-availability cluster.  It creates clustered database file
\fIdb\fR for a database named \fIname\fR, and
configures the server to listen on \fIlocal\fR and to initially
connect to \fIremote\fR, which must be a server that already belongs
to the cluster.  \fIlocal\fR and \fIremote\fR use the same
\fIprotocol\fB:\fIip\fB:\fIport\fR syntax as \fBcreate\-cluster\fR.
.IP
The \fIname\fR must be the name of the schema or database passed to
\fBcreate\-cluster\fR.  For example, the name of the OVN Southbound
database schema is \fBOVN_Southbound\fR.  Use \fBovsdb\-tool\fR's
\fBschema\-name\fR or \fBdb\-name\fR command to find out the name of a
schema or database, respectively.
.IP
This command does not do any network access, which means that it
cannot actually join the new server to the cluster.  Instead, the
\fIdb\fR file that it creates prepares the server to join the cluster
the first time that \fBovsdb\-server\fR serves it.  As part of joining
the cluster, the new server retrieves the database schema and obtains
the list of all cluster members.  Only after that does it become a
full member of the cluster.
.IP
Optionally, more than one \fIremote\fR may be specified; for example,
in a cluster that already contains multiple servers, one could specify
all the existing servers.  This is beneficial if some of the existing
servers are down while the new server joins, but it is not otherwise
needed.
.IP
By default, the \fIdb\fR created by \fBjoin\-cluster\fR will join any
clustered database named \fIname\fR that is available at a
\fIremote\fR.  In theory, if machines go up and down and IP addresses
change in the right way, it could join the wrong database cluster.  To
avoid this possibility, specify \fB\-\-cid=\fIuuid\fR, where
\fIuuid\fR is the cluster ID of the cluster to join, as printed by
\fBovsdb\-tool get\-cid\fR.
.
.SS "Version Management Commands"
.so ovsdb/ovsdb-schemas.man
.PP
These commands work with different versions of OVSDB schemas and
databases.
.
.IP "\fBconvert \fR[\fIdb\fR [\fIschema \fR[\fItarget\fR]]]"
Reads \fIdb\fR, translating it into to the schema specified in
\fIschema\fR, and writes out the new interpretation.  If \fItarget\fR
is specified, the translated version is written as a new file named
\fItarget\fR, which must not already exist.  If \fItarget\fR is
omitted, then the translated version of the database replaces \fIdb\fR
in-place.  In-place conversion cannot take place if the database is
currently being served by \fBovsdb\-server\fR (instead, either stop
\fBovsdb\-server\fR first or use \fBovsdb\-client\fR's \fBconvert\fR
command).
.IP
This command can do simple ``upgrades'' and ``downgrades'' on a
database's schema.  The data in \fIdb\fR must be valid when
interpreted under \fIschema\fR, with only one exception: data in
\fIdb\fR for tables and columns that do not exist in \fIschema\fR are
ignored.  Columns that exist in \fIschema\fR but not in \fIdb\fR are
set to their default values.  All of \fIschema\fR's constraints apply
in full.
.IP
Some uses of this command can cause unrecoverable data loss.  For
example, converting a database from a schema that has a given column
or table to one that does not will delete all data in that column or
table.  Back up critical databases before converting them.
.IP
This command is for standalone and active-backup databases only.  For
clustered databases, use \fBovsdb\-client\fR's \fBconvert\fR command
to convert them online.
.
.IP "\fBneeds\-conversion \fR[\fIdb\fR [\fIschema\fR]]"
Reads the schema embedded in \fIdb\fR and the JSON schema from
\fIschema\fR and compares them.  If the schemas are the same, prints
\fBno\fR on stdout; if they differ, prints \fByes\fR.
.IP
This command is for standalone and active-backup databases only.  For
clustered databases, use \fBovsdb\-client\fR's \fBneeds-conversion\fR
command instead.
.
.IP "\fBdb\-version \fR[\fIdb\fR]"
.IQ "\fBschema\-version \fR[\fIschema\fR]"
Prints the version number in the schema embedded within the database
\fIdb\fR or in the JSON schema \fIschema\fR on stdout.
If \fIschema\fR or \fIdb\fR was created before schema versioning was
introduced, then it will not have a version number and this command
will print a blank line.
.IP
The \fBdb\-version\fR command is for standalone and active-backup
databases only.  For clustered databases, use \fBovsdb\-client\fR's
\fBschema\-version\fR command instead.
.
.IP "\fBdb\-cksum \fR[\fIdb\fR]"
.IQ "\fBschema\-cksum \fR[\fIschema\fR]"
Prints the checksum in the schema embedded within the database
\fIdb\fR or of the JSON schema \fIschema\fR on stdout.
If \fIschema\fR or \fIdb\fR was created before schema checksums were
introduced, then it will not have a checksum and this command
will print a blank line.
.IP
The \fBdb\-cksum\fR command is for standalone and active-backup
databases only.  For clustered databases, use \fBovsdb\-client\fR's
\fBschema\-cksum\fR command instead.
.
.IP "\fBcompare-versions\fI a op b\fR"
Compares \fIa\fR and \fIb\fR according to \fIop\fR.  Both \fIa\fR and
\fIb\fR must be OVSDB schema version numbers in the form
\fIx\fB.\fIy\fB.\fIz\fR, as described in \fBovsdb\fR(7), and \fIop\fR
must be one of \fB< <= == >= > !=\fR.  If the comparison is true,
exits with status 0; if it is false, exits with status 2.  (Exit
status 1 indicates an error, e.g. \fIa\fR or \fIb\fR is the wrong
syntax for an OVSDB version or \fIop\fR is not a valid comparison
operator.)
.
.SS "Other Commands"
.
.IP "\fBcompact \fR[\fIdb\fR [\fItarget\fR]]"
Reads \fIdb\fR and writes a compacted version.  If \fItarget\fR is
specified, the compacted version is written as a new file named
\fItarget\fR, which must not already exist.  If \fItarget\fR is
omitted, then the compacted version of the database replaces \fIdb\fR
in-place.  This command is not needed in normal operation because
\fBovsdb\-server\fR from time to time automatically compacts a
database that grows much larger than its minimum size.
.IP
This command does not work if \fIdb\fR is currently being served by
\fBovsdb\-server\fR, or if it is otherwise locked for writing by
another process.  This command also does not work with clustered
databases.  Instead, in either case, send the
\fBovsdb\-server/compact\fR command to \fBovsdb\-server\fR, via
\fBovs\-appctl\fR).
.
.IP "[\fB\-\-rbac\-role=\fIrole\fR] \fBquery \fR[\fIdb\fR] \fItransaction\fR"
Opens \fIdb\fR, executes \fItransaction\fR on it, and prints the
results.  The \fItransaction\fR must be a JSON array in the format of
the \fBparams\fR array for the JSON-RPC \fBtransact\fR method, as
described in the OVSDB specification.
.IP
This command opens \fIdb\fR for read-only access, so it may
safely run concurrently with other database activity, including
\fBovsdb\-server\fR and other database writers.  The \fItransaction\fR
may specify database modifications, but these will have no effect on
\fIdb\fR.
.IP
By default, the transaction is executed using the ``superuser'' RBAC
role.  Use \fB\-\-rbac\-role\fR to specify a different role.
.IP
This command does not work with clustered databases.  Instead, use
\fBovsdb-client\fR's \fBquery\fR command to send the query to
\fBovsdb\-server\fR.
.
.IP "[\fB\-\-rbac\-role=\fIrole\fR] \fBtransact \fR[\fIdb\fR] \fItransaction\fR"
Opens \fIdb\fR, executes \fItransaction\fR on it, prints the results,
and commits any changes to \fIdb\fR.  The \fItransaction\fR must be a
JSON array in the format of the \fBparams\fR array for the JSON-RPC
\fBtransact\fR method, as described in the OVSDB specification.
.IP
This command does not work if \fIdb\fR is currently being served by
\fBovsdb\-server\fR, or if it is otherwise locked for writing by
another process.  This command also does not work with clustered
databases.  Instead, in either case, use \fBovsdb\-client\fR's
\fBtransact\fR command to send the query to \fBovsdb\-server\fR.
.IP
By default, the transaction is executed using the ``superuser'' RBAC
role.  Use \fB\-\-rbac\-role\fR to specify a different role.
.
.IP "[\fB\-m\fR | \fB\-\-more\fR]... \fBshow\-log \fR[\fIdb\fR]"
Prints a summary of the records in \fIdb\fR's log, including the time
and date at which each database change occurred and any associated
comment.  This may be useful for debugging.
.IP
To increase the verbosity of output, add \fB\-m\fR (or \fB\-\-more\fR)
one or more times to the command line.  With one \fB\-m\fR,
\fBshow\-log\fR prints a summary of the records added, deleted, or
modified by each transaction.  With two \fB\-m\fRs, \fBshow\-log\fR
also prints the values of the columns modified by each change to a
record.
.IP
This command works with standalone and active-backup databases and
with clustered databases, but the output formats are different.
.
.IP "\fBcheck\-cluster \fIdb\fR..."
Reads all of the records in the supplied databases, which must be
collected from different servers (and ideally all the servers) in a
single cluster.  Checks each database for self-consistency and the set
together for cross-consistency.  If \fBovsdb\-tool\fR detects unusual
but not necessarily incorrect content, it prints a warning or warnings
on stdout.  If \fBovsdb\-tool\fR find consistency errors, it prints an
error on stderr and exits with status 1.  Errors typically indicate
bugs in \fBovsdb\-server\fR; please consider reporting them to the
Open vSwitch developers.
.
.IP "\fBdb\-name \fR[\fIdb\fR]"
.IQ "\fBschema\-name \fR[\fIschema\fR]"
Prints the name of the schema embedded within the database \fIdb\fR or
in the JSON schema \fIschema\fR on stdout.
.
.IP "\fBdb\-cid\fI db\fR"
Prints the cluster ID, which is a UUID that identifies the cluster,
for \fIdb\fR.  If \fIdb\fR is a database newly created by
\fBovsdb\-tool cluster\-join\fR that has not yet successfully joined
its cluster, and \fB\-\-cid\fR was not specified on the
\fBcluster\-join\fR command line, then this command will output an
error, and exit with status 2, because the cluster ID is not yet
known.  This command works only with clustered databases.
.IP
The all-zeros UUID is not a valid cluster ID.
.
.IP "\fBdb\-sid\fI db\fR"
Prints the server ID, which is a UUID that identifies the server, for
\fIdb\fR.  This command works only with clustered databases.  It works
even if \fIdb\fR is a database newly created by \fBovsdb\-tool
cluster\-join\fR that has not yet successfully joined its cluster.
.
.IP "\fBdb\-local\-address db\fR"
Prints the local address used for database clustering for \fIdb\fR, in
the same \fIprotocol\fB:\fIip\fB:\fIport\fR form used on
\fBcreate\-cluster\fR and \fBjoin\-cluster\fR.
.
.IP "\fBdb\-is\-clustered\fI db\fR"
.IQ "\fBdb\-is\-standalone\fI db\fR"
Tests whether \fIdb\fR is a database file in clustered or standalone
format, respectively.  If so, exits with status 0; if not, exits with
status 2.  (Exit status 1 indicates an error, e.g. \fIdb\fR is not an
OVSDB database or does not exist.)
.
.SH OPTIONS
.SS "Logging Options"
.so lib/vlog.man
.SS "Other Options"
.so lib/common.man
.SH "FILES"
The default \fIdb\fR is \fB@DBDIR@/conf.db\fR.  The
default \fIschema\fR is \fB@pkgdatadir@/vswitch.ovsschema\fR.  The
\fBhelp\fR command also displays these defaults.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.
\fBovsdb\fR(7),
\fBovsdb\-server\fR(1),
\fBovsdb\-client\fR(1).