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Commit | Line | Data |
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bd371182 | 1 | % while Loops |
9346a6ac AL |
2 | |
3 | Rust also has a `while` loop. It looks like this: | |
4 | ||
62682a34 | 5 | ```rust |
d9579d0f | 6 | let mut x = 5; // mut x: i32 |
9346a6ac AL |
7 | let mut done = false; // mut done: bool |
8 | ||
9 | while !done { | |
10 | x += x - 3; | |
11 | ||
12 | println!("{}", x); | |
13 | ||
14 | if x % 5 == 0 { | |
15 | done = true; | |
16 | } | |
17 | } | |
18 | ``` | |
19 | ||
20 | `while` loops are the correct choice when you’re not sure how many times | |
21 | you need to loop. | |
22 | ||
23 | If you need an infinite loop, you may be tempted to write this: | |
24 | ||
25 | ```rust,ignore | |
26 | while true { | |
27 | ``` | |
28 | ||
29 | However, Rust has a dedicated keyword, `loop`, to handle this case: | |
30 | ||
31 | ```rust,ignore | |
32 | loop { | |
33 | ``` | |
34 | ||
35 | Rust’s control-flow analysis treats this construct differently than a `while | |
36 | true`, since we know that it will always loop. In general, the more information | |
37 | we can give to the compiler, the better it can do with safety and code | |
38 | generation, so you should always prefer `loop` when you plan to loop | |
39 | infinitely. | |
40 | ||
41 | ## Ending iteration early | |
42 | ||
43 | Let’s take a look at that `while` loop we had earlier: | |
44 | ||
45 | ```rust | |
46 | let mut x = 5; | |
47 | let mut done = false; | |
48 | ||
49 | while !done { | |
50 | x += x - 3; | |
51 | ||
52 | println!("{}", x); | |
53 | ||
54 | if x % 5 == 0 { | |
55 | done = true; | |
56 | } | |
57 | } | |
58 | ``` | |
59 | ||
60 | We had to keep a dedicated `mut` boolean variable binding, `done`, to know | |
61 | when we should exit out of the loop. Rust has two keywords to help us with | |
62 | modifying iteration: `break` and `continue`. | |
63 | ||
64 | In this case, we can write the loop in a better way with `break`: | |
65 | ||
66 | ```rust | |
67 | let mut x = 5; | |
68 | ||
69 | loop { | |
70 | x += x - 3; | |
71 | ||
72 | println!("{}", x); | |
73 | ||
74 | if x % 5 == 0 { break; } | |
75 | } | |
76 | ``` | |
77 | ||
78 | We now loop forever with `loop` and use `break` to break out early. | |
79 | ||
80 | `continue` is similar, but instead of ending the loop, goes to the next | |
81 | iteration. This will only print the odd numbers: | |
82 | ||
83 | ```rust | |
84 | for x in 0..10 { | |
85 | if x % 2 == 0 { continue; } | |
86 | ||
87 | println!("{}", x); | |
88 | } | |
89 | ``` | |
90 | ||
91 | Both `continue` and `break` are valid in both `while` loops and [`for` loops][for]. | |
92 | ||
93 | [for]: for-loops.html |