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[rustc.git] / src / tools / clippy / clippy_lints / src / needless_pass_by_value.rs
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1use clippy_utils::diagnostics::{multispan_sugg, span_lint_and_then};
2use clippy_utils::ptr::get_spans;
3use clippy_utils::source::{snippet, snippet_opt};
4use clippy_utils::ty::{implements_trait, is_copy, is_type_diagnostic_item};
5use clippy_utils::{get_trait_def_id, is_self, paths};
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6use if_chain::if_chain;
7use rustc_ast::ast::Attribute;
cdc7bbd5 8use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
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9use rustc_errors::{Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder};
10use rustc_hir::intravisit::FnKind;
11use rustc_hir::{BindingAnnotation, Body, FnDecl, GenericArg, HirId, Impl, ItemKind, Node, PatKind, QPath, TyKind};
cdc7bbd5 12use rustc_hir::{HirIdMap, HirIdSet};
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13use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
14use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
15use rustc_middle::mir::FakeReadCause;
16use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TypeFoldable};
17use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
18use rustc_span::symbol::kw;
19use rustc_span::{sym, Span};
20use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
21use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
22use rustc_trait_selection::traits::misc::can_type_implement_copy;
23use rustc_typeck::expr_use_visitor as euv;
24use std::borrow::Cow;
25
26declare_clippy_lint! {
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27 /// ### What it does
28 /// Checks for functions taking arguments by value, but not
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29 /// consuming them in its
30 /// body.
31 ///
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32 /// ### Why is this bad?
33 /// Taking arguments by reference is more flexible and can
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34 /// sometimes avoid
35 /// unnecessary allocations.
36 ///
94222f64 37 /// ### Known problems
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38 /// * This lint suggests taking an argument by reference,
39 /// however sometimes it is better to let users decide the argument type
40 /// (by using `Borrow` trait, for example), depending on how the function is used.
41 ///
94222f64 42 /// ### Example
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43 /// ```rust
44 /// fn foo(v: Vec<i32>) {
45 /// assert_eq!(v.len(), 42);
46 /// }
47 /// ```
48 /// should be
49 /// ```rust
50 /// fn foo(v: &[i32]) {
51 /// assert_eq!(v.len(), 42);
52 /// }
53 /// ```
54 pub NEEDLESS_PASS_BY_VALUE,
55 pedantic,
56 "functions taking arguments by value, but not consuming them in its body"
57}
58
59declare_lint_pass!(NeedlessPassByValue => [NEEDLESS_PASS_BY_VALUE]);
60
61macro_rules! need {
62 ($e: expr) => {
63 if let Some(x) = $e {
64 x
65 } else {
66 return;
67 }
68 };
69}
70
71impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NeedlessPassByValue {
72 #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
73 fn check_fn(
74 &mut self,
75 cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
76 kind: FnKind<'tcx>,
77 decl: &'tcx FnDecl<'_>,
78 body: &'tcx Body<'_>,
79 span: Span,
80 hir_id: HirId,
81 ) {
82 if span.from_expansion() {
83 return;
84 }
85
86 match kind {
87 FnKind::ItemFn(.., header, _) => {
88 let attrs = cx.tcx.hir().attrs(hir_id);
89 if header.abi != Abi::Rust || requires_exact_signature(attrs) {
90 return;
91 }
92 },
93 FnKind::Method(..) => (),
94 FnKind::Closure => return,
95 }
96
97 // Exclude non-inherent impls
98 if let Some(Node::Item(item)) = cx.tcx.hir().find(cx.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(hir_id)) {
99 if matches!(
100 item.kind,
101 ItemKind::Impl(Impl { of_trait: Some(_), .. }) | ItemKind::Trait(..)
102 ) {
103 return;
104 }
105 }
106
107 // Allow `Borrow` or functions to be taken by value
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108 let allowed_traits = [
109 need!(cx.tcx.lang_items().fn_trait()),
110 need!(cx.tcx.lang_items().fn_once_trait()),
111 need!(cx.tcx.lang_items().fn_mut_trait()),
112 need!(get_trait_def_id(cx, &paths::RANGE_ARGUMENT_TRAIT)),
113 ];
114
115 let sized_trait = need!(cx.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait());
116
117 let fn_def_id = cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id(hir_id);
118
119 let preds = traits::elaborate_predicates(cx.tcx, cx.param_env.caller_bounds().iter())
94222f64 120 .filter(|p| !p.is_global(cx.tcx))
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121 .filter_map(|obligation| {
122 // Note that we do not want to deal with qualified predicates here.
123 match obligation.predicate.kind().no_bound_vars() {
94222f64 124 Some(ty::PredicateKind::Trait(pred)) if pred.def_id() != sized_trait => Some(pred),
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125 _ => None,
126 }
127 })
128 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
129
130 // Collect moved variables and spans which will need dereferencings from the
131 // function body.
132 let MovedVariablesCtxt {
133 moved_vars,
134 spans_need_deref,
135 ..
136 } = {
137 let mut ctx = MovedVariablesCtxt::default();
138 cx.tcx.infer_ctxt().enter(|infcx| {
139 euv::ExprUseVisitor::new(&mut ctx, &infcx, fn_def_id, cx.param_env, cx.typeck_results())
140 .consume_body(body);
141 });
142 ctx
143 };
144
145 let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id);
146 let fn_sig = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(fn_sig);
147
148 for (idx, ((input, &ty), arg)) in decl.inputs.iter().zip(fn_sig.inputs()).zip(body.params).enumerate() {
149 // All spans generated from a proc-macro invocation are the same...
150 if span == input.span {
151 return;
152 }
153
154 // Ignore `self`s.
155 if idx == 0 {
156 if let PatKind::Binding(.., ident, _) = arg.pat.kind {
157 if ident.name == kw::SelfLower {
158 continue;
159 }
160 }
161 }
162
163 //
164 // * Exclude a type that is specifically bounded by `Borrow`.
165 // * Exclude a type whose reference also fulfills its bound. (e.g., `std::convert::AsRef`,
166 // `serde::Serialize`)
167 let (implements_borrow_trait, all_borrowable_trait) = {
168 let preds = preds.iter().filter(|t| t.self_ty() == ty).collect::<Vec<_>>();
169
170 (
94222f64 171 preds.iter().any(|t| cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Borrow, t.def_id())),
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172 !preds.is_empty() && {
173 let ty_empty_region = cx.tcx.mk_imm_ref(cx.tcx.lifetimes.re_root_empty, ty);
174 preds.iter().all(|t| {
175 let ty_params = t.trait_ref.substs.iter().skip(1).collect::<Vec<_>>();
176 implements_trait(cx, ty_empty_region, t.def_id(), &ty_params)
177 })
178 },
179 )
180 };
181
182 if_chain! {
183 if !is_self(arg);
184 if !ty.is_mutable_ptr();
185 if !is_copy(cx, ty);
186 if !allowed_traits.iter().any(|&t| implements_trait(cx, ty, t, &[]));
187 if !implements_borrow_trait;
188 if !all_borrowable_trait;
189
190 if let PatKind::Binding(mode, canonical_id, ..) = arg.pat.kind;
191 if !moved_vars.contains(&canonical_id);
192 then {
193 if mode == BindingAnnotation::Mutable || mode == BindingAnnotation::RefMut {
194 continue;
195 }
196
197 // Dereference suggestion
198 let sugg = |diag: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>| {
199 if let ty::Adt(def, ..) = ty.kind() {
200 if let Some(span) = cx.tcx.hir().span_if_local(def.did) {
201 if can_type_implement_copy(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, ty).is_ok() {
202 diag.span_help(span, "consider marking this type as `Copy`");
203 }
204 }
205 }
206
207 let deref_span = spans_need_deref.get(&canonical_id);
208 if_chain! {
209 if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::vec_type);
210 if let Some(clone_spans) =
211 get_spans(cx, Some(body.id()), idx, &[("clone", ".to_owned()")]);
cdc7bbd5 212 if let TyKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, path)) = input.kind;
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213 if let Some(elem_ty) = path.segments.iter()
214 .find(|seg| seg.ident.name == sym::Vec)
215 .and_then(|ps| ps.args.as_ref())
216 .map(|params| params.args.iter().find_map(|arg| match arg {
217 GenericArg::Type(ty) => Some(ty),
218 _ => None,
219 }).unwrap());
220 then {
221 let slice_ty = format!("&[{}]", snippet(cx, elem_ty.span, "_"));
222 diag.span_suggestion(
223 input.span,
224 "consider changing the type to",
225 slice_ty,
226 Applicability::Unspecified,
227 );
228
229 for (span, suggestion) in clone_spans {
230 diag.span_suggestion(
231 span,
232 &snippet_opt(cx, span)
233 .map_or(
234 "change the call to".into(),
235 |x| Cow::from(format!("change `{}` to", x)),
236 ),
237 suggestion.into(),
238 Applicability::Unspecified,
239 );
240 }
241
242 // cannot be destructured, no need for `*` suggestion
243 assert!(deref_span.is_none());
244 return;
245 }
246 }
247
248 if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::string_type) {
249 if let Some(clone_spans) =
250 get_spans(cx, Some(body.id()), idx, &[("clone", ".to_string()"), ("as_str", "")]) {
251 diag.span_suggestion(
252 input.span,
253 "consider changing the type to",
254 "&str".to_string(),
255 Applicability::Unspecified,
256 );
257
258 for (span, suggestion) in clone_spans {
259 diag.span_suggestion(
260 span,
261 &snippet_opt(cx, span)
262 .map_or(
263 "change the call to".into(),
264 |x| Cow::from(format!("change `{}` to", x))
265 ),
266 suggestion.into(),
267 Applicability::Unspecified,
268 );
269 }
270
271 assert!(deref_span.is_none());
272 return;
273 }
274 }
275
276 let mut spans = vec![(input.span, format!("&{}", snippet(cx, input.span, "_")))];
277
278 // Suggests adding `*` to dereference the added reference.
279 if let Some(deref_span) = deref_span {
280 spans.extend(
281 deref_span
282 .iter()
cdc7bbd5 283 .copied()
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284 .map(|span| (span, format!("*{}", snippet(cx, span, "<expr>")))),
285 );
286 spans.sort_by_key(|&(span, _)| span);
287 }
288 multispan_sugg(diag, "consider taking a reference instead", spans);
289 };
290
291 span_lint_and_then(
292 cx,
293 NEEDLESS_PASS_BY_VALUE,
294 input.span,
295 "this argument is passed by value, but not consumed in the function body",
296 sugg,
297 );
298 }
299 }
300 }
301 }
302}
303
304/// Functions marked with these attributes must have the exact signature.
305fn requires_exact_signature(attrs: &[Attribute]) -> bool {
306 attrs.iter().any(|attr| {
307 [sym::proc_macro, sym::proc_macro_attribute, sym::proc_macro_derive]
308 .iter()
309 .any(|&allow| attr.has_name(allow))
310 })
311}
312
313#[derive(Default)]
314struct MovedVariablesCtxt {
cdc7bbd5 315 moved_vars: HirIdSet,
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316 /// Spans which need to be prefixed with `*` for dereferencing the
317 /// suggested additional reference.
cdc7bbd5 318 spans_need_deref: HirIdMap<FxHashSet<Span>>,
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319}
320
321impl MovedVariablesCtxt {
322 fn move_common(&mut self, cmt: &euv::PlaceWithHirId<'_>) {
323 if let euv::PlaceBase::Local(vid) = cmt.place.base {
324 self.moved_vars.insert(vid);
325 }
326 }
327}
328
329impl<'tcx> euv::Delegate<'tcx> for MovedVariablesCtxt {
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330 fn consume(&mut self, cmt: &euv::PlaceWithHirId<'tcx>, _: HirId) {
331 self.move_common(cmt);
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332 }
333
334 fn borrow(&mut self, _: &euv::PlaceWithHirId<'tcx>, _: HirId, _: ty::BorrowKind) {}
335
336 fn mutate(&mut self, _: &euv::PlaceWithHirId<'tcx>, _: HirId) {}
337
cdc7bbd5 338 fn fake_read(&mut self, _: rustc_typeck::expr_use_visitor::Place<'tcx>, _: FakeReadCause, _: HirId) {}
f20569fa 339}