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1/*
2 * Windows crashdump
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2018 Virtuozzo International GmbH
5 *
6 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
7 * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
8 *
9 */
10
11#include "qemu/osdep.h"
12#include "qemu/cutils.h"
13#include "elf.h"
14#include "cpu.h"
15#include "exec/hwaddr.h"
16#include "monitor/monitor.h"
17#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
18#include "sysemu/dump.h"
19#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
20#include "sysemu/memory_mapping.h"
21#include "sysemu/cpus.h"
22#include "qapi/error.h"
23#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
24#include "qemu/error-report.h"
25#include "hw/misc/vmcoreinfo.h"
26#include "win_dump.h"
27
28static size_t write_run(WinDumpPhyMemRun64 *run, int fd, Error **errp)
29{
30 void *buf;
31 uint64_t addr = run->BasePage << TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
32 uint64_t size = run->PageCount << TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
33 uint64_t len = size;
34
35 buf = cpu_physical_memory_map(addr, &len, false);
36 if (!buf) {
37 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to map run");
38 return 0;
39 }
40 if (len != size) {
41 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to map entire run");
42 len = 0;
43 goto out_unmap;
44 }
45
46 len = qemu_write_full(fd, buf, len);
47 if (len != size) {
48 error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
49 }
50
51out_unmap:
52 cpu_physical_memory_unmap(buf, addr, false, len);
53
54 return len;
55}
56
57static void write_runs(DumpState *s, WinDumpHeader64 *h, Error **errp)
58{
59 WinDumpPhyMemDesc64 *desc = &h->PhysicalMemoryBlock;
60 WinDumpPhyMemRun64 *run = desc->Run;
61 Error *local_err = NULL;
62 int i;
63
64 for (i = 0; i < desc->NumberOfRuns; i++) {
65 s->written_size += write_run(run + i, s->fd, &local_err);
66 if (local_err) {
67 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
68 return;
69 }
70 }
71}
72
73static void patch_mm_pfn_database(WinDumpHeader64 *h, Error **errp)
74{
75 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
76 h->KdDebuggerDataBlock + KDBG_MM_PFN_DATABASE_OFFSET64,
77 (uint8_t *)&h->PfnDatabase, sizeof(h->PfnDatabase), 0)) {
78 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read MmPfnDatabase");
79 return;
80 }
81}
82
83static void patch_bugcheck_data(WinDumpHeader64 *h, Error **errp)
84{
85 uint64_t KiBugcheckData;
86
87 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
88 h->KdDebuggerDataBlock + KDBG_KI_BUGCHECK_DATA_OFFSET64,
89 (uint8_t *)&KiBugcheckData, sizeof(KiBugcheckData), 0)) {
90 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read KiBugcheckData");
91 return;
92 }
93
94 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
95 KiBugcheckData,
96 h->BugcheckData, sizeof(h->BugcheckData), 0)) {
97 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read bugcheck data");
98 return;
99 }
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100
101 /*
102 * If BugcheckCode wasn't saved, we consider guest OS as alive.
103 */
104
105 if (!h->BugcheckCode) {
106 h->BugcheckCode = LIVE_SYSTEM_DUMP;
107 }
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108}
109
110/*
111 * This routine tries to correct mistakes in crashdump header.
112 */
113static void patch_header(WinDumpHeader64 *h)
114{
115 Error *local_err = NULL;
116
117 h->RequiredDumpSpace = sizeof(WinDumpHeader64) +
118 (h->PhysicalMemoryBlock.NumberOfPages << TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
119 h->PhysicalMemoryBlock.unused = 0;
120 h->unused1 = 0;
121
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122 patch_mm_pfn_database(h, &local_err);
123 if (local_err) {
124 warn_report_err(local_err);
125 local_err = NULL;
126 }
127 patch_bugcheck_data(h, &local_err);
128 if (local_err) {
129 warn_report_err(local_err);
130 }
131}
132
133static void check_header(WinDumpHeader64 *h, Error **errp)
134{
135 const char Signature[] = "PAGE";
136 const char ValidDump[] = "DU64";
137
138 if (memcmp(h->Signature, Signature, sizeof(h->Signature))) {
139 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: invalid header, expected '%.4s',"
140 " got '%.4s'", Signature, h->Signature);
141 return;
142 }
143
144 if (memcmp(h->ValidDump, ValidDump, sizeof(h->ValidDump))) {
145 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: invalid header, expected '%.4s',"
146 " got '%.4s'", ValidDump, h->ValidDump);
147 return;
148 }
149}
150
151static void check_kdbg(WinDumpHeader64 *h, Error **errp)
152{
153 const char OwnerTag[] = "KDBG";
154 char read_OwnerTag[4];
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155 uint64_t KdDebuggerDataBlock = h->KdDebuggerDataBlock;
156 bool try_fallback = true;
2da91b54 157
2ababfcc 158try_again:
2da91b54 159 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
2ababfcc 160 KdDebuggerDataBlock + KDBG_OWNER_TAG_OFFSET64,
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161 (uint8_t *)&read_OwnerTag, sizeof(read_OwnerTag), 0)) {
162 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read OwnerTag");
163 return;
164 }
165
166 if (memcmp(read_OwnerTag, OwnerTag, sizeof(read_OwnerTag))) {
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167 if (try_fallback) {
168 /*
169 * If attempt to use original KDBG failed
170 * (most likely because of its encryption),
171 * we try to use KDBG obtained by guest driver.
172 */
173
174 KdDebuggerDataBlock = h->BugcheckParameter1;
175 try_fallback = false;
176 goto try_again;
177 } else {
178 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: invalid KDBG OwnerTag,"
179 " expected '%.4s', got '%.4s'",
180 OwnerTag, read_OwnerTag);
181 return;
182 }
2da91b54 183 }
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184
185 h->KdDebuggerDataBlock = KdDebuggerDataBlock;
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186}
187
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188struct saved_context {
189 WinContext ctx;
190 uint64_t addr;
191};
192
193static void patch_and_save_context(WinDumpHeader64 *h,
194 struct saved_context *saved_ctx,
195 Error **errp)
196{
197 uint64_t KiProcessorBlock;
198 uint16_t OffsetPrcbContext;
199 CPUState *cpu;
200 int i = 0;
201
202 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
203 h->KdDebuggerDataBlock + KDBG_KI_PROCESSOR_BLOCK_OFFSET64,
204 (uint8_t *)&KiProcessorBlock, sizeof(KiProcessorBlock), 0)) {
205 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read KiProcessorBlock");
206 return;
207 }
208
209 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
210 h->KdDebuggerDataBlock + KDBG_OFFSET_PRCB_CONTEXT_OFFSET64,
211 (uint8_t *)&OffsetPrcbContext, sizeof(OffsetPrcbContext), 0)) {
212 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read OffsetPrcbContext");
213 return;
214 }
215
216 CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
217 X86CPU *x86_cpu = X86_CPU(cpu);
218 CPUX86State *env = &x86_cpu->env;
219 uint64_t Prcb;
220 uint64_t Context;
221 WinContext ctx;
222
223 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
224 KiProcessorBlock + i * sizeof(uint64_t),
225 (uint8_t *)&Prcb, sizeof(Prcb), 0)) {
226 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read"
227 " CPU #%d PRCB location", i);
228 return;
229 }
230
231 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
232 Prcb + OffsetPrcbContext,
233 (uint8_t *)&Context, sizeof(Context), 0)) {
234 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read"
235 " CPU #%d ContextFrame location", i);
236 return;
237 }
238
239 saved_ctx[i].addr = Context;
240
241 ctx = (WinContext){
242 .ContextFlags = WIN_CTX_ALL,
243 .MxCsr = env->mxcsr,
244
245 .SegEs = env->segs[0].selector,
246 .SegCs = env->segs[1].selector,
247 .SegSs = env->segs[2].selector,
248 .SegDs = env->segs[3].selector,
249 .SegFs = env->segs[4].selector,
250 .SegGs = env->segs[5].selector,
251 .EFlags = cpu_compute_eflags(env),
252
253 .Dr0 = env->dr[0],
254 .Dr1 = env->dr[1],
255 .Dr2 = env->dr[2],
256 .Dr3 = env->dr[3],
257 .Dr6 = env->dr[6],
258 .Dr7 = env->dr[7],
259
260 .Rax = env->regs[R_EAX],
261 .Rbx = env->regs[R_EBX],
262 .Rcx = env->regs[R_ECX],
263 .Rdx = env->regs[R_EDX],
264 .Rsp = env->regs[R_ESP],
265 .Rbp = env->regs[R_EBP],
266 .Rsi = env->regs[R_ESI],
267 .Rdi = env->regs[R_EDI],
268 .R8 = env->regs[8],
269 .R9 = env->regs[9],
270 .R10 = env->regs[10],
271 .R11 = env->regs[11],
272 .R12 = env->regs[12],
273 .R13 = env->regs[13],
274 .R14 = env->regs[14],
275 .R15 = env->regs[15],
276
277 .Rip = env->eip,
278 .FltSave = {
279 .MxCsr = env->mxcsr,
280 },
281 };
282
283 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu, Context,
284 (uint8_t *)&saved_ctx[i].ctx, sizeof(WinContext), 0)) {
285 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to save CPU #%d context", i);
286 return;
287 }
288
289 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu, Context,
290 (uint8_t *)&ctx, sizeof(WinContext), 1)) {
291 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to write CPU #%d context", i);
292 return;
293 }
294
295 i++;
296 }
297}
298
299static void restore_context(WinDumpHeader64 *h,
300 struct saved_context *saved_ctx)
301{
302 int i;
303 Error *err = NULL;
304
305 for (i = 0; i < h->NumberProcessors; i++) {
306 if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu, saved_ctx[i].addr,
307 (uint8_t *)&saved_ctx[i].ctx, sizeof(WinContext), 1)) {
308 error_setg(&err, "win-dump: failed to restore CPU #%d context", i);
309 warn_report_err(err);
310 }
311 }
312}
313
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314void create_win_dump(DumpState *s, Error **errp)
315{
316 WinDumpHeader64 *h = (WinDumpHeader64 *)(s->guest_note +
317 VMCOREINFO_ELF_NOTE_HDR_SIZE);
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318 X86CPU *first_x86_cpu = X86_CPU(first_cpu);
319 uint64_t saved_cr3 = first_x86_cpu->env.cr[3];
2ad9b50f 320 struct saved_context *saved_ctx = NULL;
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321 Error *local_err = NULL;
322
323 if (s->guest_note_size != sizeof(WinDumpHeader64) +
324 VMCOREINFO_ELF_NOTE_HDR_SIZE) {
325 error_setg(errp, "win-dump: invalid vmcoreinfo note size");
326 return;
327 }
328
329 check_header(h, &local_err);
330 if (local_err) {
331 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
332 return;
333 }
334
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335 /*
336 * Further access to kernel structures by virtual addresses
337 * should be made from system context.
338 */
339
340 first_x86_cpu->env.cr[3] = h->DirectoryTableBase;
341
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342 check_kdbg(h, &local_err);
343 if (local_err) {
344 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
92d1b3d5 345 goto out_cr3;
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346 }
347
348 patch_header(h);
349
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350 saved_ctx = g_new(struct saved_context, h->NumberProcessors);
351
352 /*
353 * Always patch context because there is no way
354 * to determine if the system-saved context is valid
355 */
356
357 patch_and_save_context(h, saved_ctx, &local_err);
358 if (local_err) {
359 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
360 goto out_free;
361 }
362
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363 s->total_size = h->RequiredDumpSpace;
364
365 s->written_size = qemu_write_full(s->fd, h, sizeof(*h));
366 if (s->written_size != sizeof(*h)) {
367 error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
2ad9b50f 368 goto out_restore;
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369 }
370
371 write_runs(s, h, &local_err);
372 if (local_err) {
373 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2ad9b50f 374 goto out_restore;
2da91b54 375 }
92d1b3d5 376
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377out_restore:
378 restore_context(h, saved_ctx);
379out_free:
380 g_free(saved_ctx);
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381out_cr3:
382 first_x86_cpu->env.cr[3] = saved_cr3;
383
384 return;
2da91b54 385}