]> git.proxmox.com Git - mirror_ubuntu-artful-kernel.git/blob - Documentation/Changes
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial
[mirror_ubuntu-artful-kernel.git] / Documentation / Changes
1 Intro
2 =====
3
4 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
5 software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels.
6
7 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
8 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
9 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
10 'net).
11
12 Current Minimal Requirements
13 ============================
14
15 Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
16 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
17 running, the suggested command should tell you.
18
19 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
20 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
21 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
22 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
23
24 o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
25 o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version
26 o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
27 o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
28 o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
29 o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
30 o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
31 o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V
32 o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
33 o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
34 o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
35 o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
36 o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
37 o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
38 o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
39 o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
40 o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
41 o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
42 o udev 081 # udevd --version
43 o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version
44 o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version
45 o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V
46
47
48 Kernel compilation
49 ==================
50
51 GCC
52 ---
53
54 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
55 computer.
56
57 Make
58 ----
59
60 You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
61
62 Binutils
63 --------
64
65 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
66 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
67 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
68 release of binutils.
69
70 Perl
71 ----
72
73 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
74 File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
75
76 BC
77 --
78
79 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
80
81
82 System utilities
83 ================
84
85 Architectural changes
86 ---------------------
87
88 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
89 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
90
91 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
92
93 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
94 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
95 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
96 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
97 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
98 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
99 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
100 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
101
102 Util-linux
103 ----------
104
105 New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
106 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
107 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
108 You'll probably want to upgrade.
109
110 Ksymoops
111 --------
112
113 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
114 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
115 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so
116 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
117 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
118 is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and
119 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
120 with ksymoops.
121
122 Module-Init-Tools
123 -----------------
124
125 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
126 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
127
128 Mkinitrd
129 --------
130
131 These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
132 mkinitrd be upgraded.
133
134 E2fsprogs
135 ---------
136
137 The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
138 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
139
140 JFSutils
141 --------
142
143 The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
144 The following utilities are available:
145 o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
146 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
147 o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
148 o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
149
150 Reiserfsprogs
151 -------------
152
153 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
154 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
155 versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
156 reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
157
158 Xfsprogs
159 --------
160
161 The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
162 xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
163 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
164 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
165 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
166
167 PCMCIAutils
168 -----------
169
170 PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs. It properly sets up
171 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
172 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
173 subsystem is used.
174
175 Quota-tools
176 -----------
177
178 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
179 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
180 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
181 from the table above.
182
183 Intel IA32 microcode
184 --------------------
185
186 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
187 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
188 udev you may need to:
189
190 mkdir /dev/cpu
191 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
192 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
193
194 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
195 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
196
197 udev
198 ----
199 udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
200 only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
201 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
202 devices.
203
204 FUSE
205 ----
206
207 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
208 options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
209
210 Networking
211 ==========
212
213 General changes
214 ---------------
215
216 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
217 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
218
219 Packet Filter / NAT
220 -------------------
221 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
222 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
223 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
224
225 PPP
226 ---
227
228 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
229 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
230 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
231
232 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
233 which can be made by:
234
235 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
236
237 as root.
238
239 Isdn4k-utils
240 ------------
241
242 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
243 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
244
245 NFS-utils
246 ---------
247
248 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
249 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
250 information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
251 mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
252 would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
253
254 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
255 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
256 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
257 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
258
259 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
260 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
261 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
262 dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about
263 currently active clients.
264
265 To enable this new functionality, you need to:
266
267 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
268
269 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
270 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
271 that is possible.
272
273 mcelog
274 ------
275
276 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
277 events when CONFIG_X86_MCE is enabled. Machine check events are errors reported
278 by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
279
280 Getting updated software
281 ========================
282
283 Kernel compilation
284 ******************
285
286 gcc
287 ---
288 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
289
290 Make
291 ----
292 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
293
294 Binutils
295 --------
296 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
297
298 System utilities
299 ****************
300
301 Util-linux
302 ----------
303 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
304
305 Ksymoops
306 --------
307 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
308
309 Module-Init-Tools
310 -----------------
311 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
312
313 Mkinitrd
314 --------
315 o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
316
317 E2fsprogs
318 ---------
319 o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
320
321 JFSutils
322 --------
323 o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
324
325 Reiserfsprogs
326 -------------
327 o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
328
329 Xfsprogs
330 --------
331 o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
332
333 Pcmciautils
334 -----------
335 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
336
337 Quota-tools
338 ----------
339 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
340
341 DocBook Stylesheets
342 -------------------
343 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
344
345 XMLTO XSLT Frontend
346 -------------------
347 o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
348
349 Intel P6 microcode
350 ------------------
351 o <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
352
353 udev
354 ----
355 o <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
356
357 FUSE
358 ----
359 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
360
361 mcelog
362 ------
363 o <http://www.mcelog.org/>
364
365 Networking
366 **********
367
368 PPP
369 ---
370 o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
371
372 Isdn4k-utils
373 ------------
374 o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
375
376 NFS-utils
377 ---------
378 o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
379
380 Iptables
381 --------
382 o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
383
384 Ip-route2
385 ---------
386 o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
387
388 OProfile
389 --------
390 o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
391
392 NFS-Utils
393 ---------
394 o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
395