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1 Intro
2 =====
3
4 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
5 software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels.
6
7 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
8 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
9 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
10 'net).
11
12 Current Minimal Requirements
13 ============================
14
15 Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
16 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
17 running, the suggested command should tell you.
18
19 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
20 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
21 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
22 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
23
24 o GNU C 3.2 # gcc --version
25 o GNU make 3.80 # make --version
26 o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
27 o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
28 o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
29 o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
30 o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
31 o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V
32 o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
33 o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
34 o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
35 o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
36 o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
37 o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
38 o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
39 o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
40 o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
41 o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
42 o udev 081 # udevd --version
43 o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version
44 o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version
45 o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V
46 o openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 # openssl version
47 o bc 1.06.95 # bc --version
48
49
50 Kernel compilation
51 ==================
52
53 GCC
54 ---
55
56 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
57 computer.
58
59 Make
60 ----
61
62 You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
63
64 Binutils
65 --------
66
67 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
68 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
69 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
70 release of binutils.
71
72 Perl
73 ----
74
75 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
76 File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
77
78 BC
79 --
80
81 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
82
83
84 OpenSSL
85 -------
86
87 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
88 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
89
90 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
91 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
92 and higher.
93
94
95 System utilities
96 ================
97
98 Architectural changes
99 ---------------------
100
101 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
102 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
103
104 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
105
106 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
107 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
108 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
109 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
110 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
111 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
112 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
113 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
114
115 Util-linux
116 ----------
117
118 New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
119 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
120 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
121 You'll probably want to upgrade.
122
123 Ksymoops
124 --------
125
126 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
127 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
128 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so
129 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
130 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
131 is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and
132 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
133 with ksymoops.
134
135 Module-Init-Tools
136 -----------------
137
138 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
139 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
140
141 Mkinitrd
142 --------
143
144 These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
145 mkinitrd be upgraded.
146
147 E2fsprogs
148 ---------
149
150 The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
151 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
152
153 JFSutils
154 --------
155
156 The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
157 The following utilities are available:
158 o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
159 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
160 o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
161 o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
162
163 Reiserfsprogs
164 -------------
165
166 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
167 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
168 versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
169 reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
170
171 Xfsprogs
172 --------
173
174 The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
175 xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
176 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
177 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
178 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
179
180 PCMCIAutils
181 -----------
182
183 PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs. It properly sets up
184 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
185 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
186 subsystem is used.
187
188 Quota-tools
189 -----------
190
191 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
192 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
193 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
194 from the table above.
195
196 Intel IA32 microcode
197 --------------------
198
199 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
200 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
201 udev you may need to:
202
203 mkdir /dev/cpu
204 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
205 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
206
207 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
208 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
209
210 udev
211 ----
212 udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
213 only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
214 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
215 devices.
216
217 FUSE
218 ----
219
220 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
221 options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
222
223 Networking
224 ==========
225
226 General changes
227 ---------------
228
229 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
230 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
231
232 Packet Filter / NAT
233 -------------------
234 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
235 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
236 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
237
238 PPP
239 ---
240
241 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
242 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
243 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
244
245 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
246 which can be made by:
247
248 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
249
250 as root.
251
252 Isdn4k-utils
253 ------------
254
255 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
256 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
257
258 NFS-utils
259 ---------
260
261 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
262 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
263 information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
264 mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
265 would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
266
267 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
268 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
269 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
270 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
271
272 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
273 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
274 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
275 dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about
276 currently active clients.
277
278 To enable this new functionality, you need to:
279
280 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
281
282 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
283 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
284 that is possible.
285
286 mcelog
287 ------
288
289 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
290 events when CONFIG_X86_MCE is enabled. Machine check events are errors reported
291 by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
292
293 Getting updated software
294 ========================
295
296 Kernel compilation
297 ******************
298
299 gcc
300 ---
301 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
302
303 Make
304 ----
305 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
306
307 Binutils
308 --------
309 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
310
311 OpenSSL
312 -------
313 o <https://www.openssl.org/>
314
315 System utilities
316 ****************
317
318 Util-linux
319 ----------
320 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
321
322 Ksymoops
323 --------
324 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
325
326 Module-Init-Tools
327 -----------------
328 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
329
330 Mkinitrd
331 --------
332 o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
333
334 E2fsprogs
335 ---------
336 o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
337
338 JFSutils
339 --------
340 o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
341
342 Reiserfsprogs
343 -------------
344 o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
345
346 Xfsprogs
347 --------
348 o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
349
350 Pcmciautils
351 -----------
352 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
353
354 Quota-tools
355 ----------
356 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
357
358 DocBook Stylesheets
359 -------------------
360 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
361
362 XMLTO XSLT Frontend
363 -------------------
364 o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
365
366 Intel P6 microcode
367 ------------------
368 o <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
369
370 udev
371 ----
372 o <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
373
374 FUSE
375 ----
376 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
377
378 mcelog
379 ------
380 o <http://www.mcelog.org/>
381
382 Networking
383 **********
384
385 PPP
386 ---
387 o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
388
389 Isdn4k-utils
390 ------------
391 o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
392
393 NFS-utils
394 ---------
395 o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
396
397 Iptables
398 --------
399 o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
400
401 Ip-route2
402 ---------
403 o <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
404
405 OProfile
406 --------
407 o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
408
409 NFS-Utils
410 ---------
411 o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>