Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
   4
   5 <book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
   6  <bookinfo>
   7   <title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
   8
   9   <legalnotice>
  10    <para>
  11      This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
  12      it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  13      License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  14      version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
  15      version.
  16    </para>
  17
  18    <para>
  19      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
  20      useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
  21      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  22      See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  23    </para>
  24
  25    <para>
  26      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  27      License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
  28      Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  29      MA 02111-1307 USA
  30    </para>
  31
  32    <para>
  33      For more details see the file COPYING in the source
  34      distribution of Linux.
  35    </para>
  36   </legalnotice>
  37  </bookinfo>
  38
  39 <toc></toc>
  40
  41   <chapter id="adt">
  42      <title>Data Types</title>
  43      <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
  44 !Iinclude/linux/list.h
  45      </sect1>
  46   </chapter>
  47
  48   <chapter id="libc">
  49      <title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
  50
  51      <para>
  52        When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
  53        from the C Library.  Some of the functions have been found generally
  54        useful and they are listed below.  The behaviour of these functions
  55        may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
  56        are noted in the text.
  57      </para>
  58
  59      <sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
  60 !Elib/vsprintf.c
  61      </sect1>
  62      <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
  63 <!-- All functions are exported at now
  64 X!Ilib/string.c
  65  -->
  66 !Elib/string.c
  67      </sect1>
  68      <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
  69 !Iarch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
  70      </sect1>
  71   </chapter>
  72
  73   <chapter id="kernel-lib">
  74      <title>Basic Kernel Library Functions</title>
  75
  76      <para>
  77        The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
  78      </para>
  79
  80      <sect1><title>Bitmap Operations</title>
  81 !Elib/bitmap.c
  82 !Ilib/bitmap.c
  83      </sect1>
  84
  85      <sect1><title>Command-line Parsing</title>
  86 !Elib/cmdline.c
  87      </sect1>
  88
  89      <sect1 id="crc"><title>CRC Functions</title>
  90 !Elib/crc7.c
  91 !Elib/crc16.c
  92 !Elib/crc-itu-t.c
  93 !Elib/crc32.c
  94 !Elib/crc-ccitt.c
  95      </sect1>
  96   </chapter>
  97
  98   <chapter id="mm">
  99      <title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
 100      <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
 101 !Iinclude/linux/slab.h
 102 !Emm/slab.c
 103      </sect1>
 104      <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
 105 !Iarch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h
 106 !Earch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
 107      </sect1>
 108      <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
 109 !Emm/readahead.c
 110 !Emm/filemap.c
 111 !Emm/memory.c
 112 !Emm/vmalloc.c
 113 !Imm/page_alloc.c
 114 !Emm/mempool.c
 115 !Emm/dmapool.c
 116 !Emm/page-writeback.c
 117 !Emm/truncate.c
 118      </sect1>
 119   </chapter>
 120
 121
 122   <chapter id="ipc">
 123      <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
 124
 125      <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
 126 !Iipc/util.c
 127      </sect1>
 128   </chapter>
 129
 130   <chapter id="kfifo">
 131      <title>FIFO Buffer</title>
 132      <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
 133 !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
 134      </sect1>
 135   </chapter>
 136
 137   <chapter id="relayfs">
 138      <title>relay interface support</title>
 139
 140      <para>
 141         Relay interface support
 142         is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
 143         facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
 144         user space.
 145      </para>
 146
 147      <sect1><title>relay interface</title>
 148 !Ekernel/relay.c
 149 !Ikernel/relay.c
 150      </sect1>
 151   </chapter>
 152
 153   <chapter id="modload">
 154      <title>Module Support</title>
 155      <sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
 156 !Ekernel/kmod.c
 157      </sect1>
 158      <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
 159         <para>
 160            Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
 161         </para>
 162 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 163 X!Ekernel/module.c
 164 -->
 165      </sect1>
 166   </chapter>
 167
 168   <chapter id="hardware">
 169      <title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
 170      <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
 171 !Ekernel/irq/manage.c
 172      </sect1>
 173
 174      <sect1><title>DMA Channels</title>
 175 !Ekernel/dma.c
 176      </sect1>
 177
 178      <sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
 179 !Ikernel/resource.c
 180 !Ekernel/resource.c
 181      </sect1>
 182
 183      <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
 184 !Earch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
 185      </sect1>
 186
 187      <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
 188 !Edrivers/pci/pci.c
 189 !Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
 190 !Edrivers/pci/remove.c
 191 !Edrivers/pci/search.c
 192 !Edrivers/pci/msi.c
 193 !Edrivers/pci/bus.c
 194 !Edrivers/pci/access.c
 195 !Edrivers/pci/irq.c
 196 !Edrivers/pci/htirq.c
 197 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 198 X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
 199 -->
 200 !Edrivers/pci/probe.c
 201 !Edrivers/pci/slot.c
 202 !Edrivers/pci/rom.c
 203 !Edrivers/pci/iov.c
 204 !Idrivers/pci/pci-sysfs.c
 205      </sect1>
 206      <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
 207 !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
 208      </sect1>
 209      <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title>
 210         <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title>
 211            <para>
 212               Refer to the file arch/x86/kernel/mca_32.c for more information.
 213            </para>
 214 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 215 X!Earch/x86/kernel/mca_32.c
 216 -->
 217         </sect2>
 218         <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title>
 219 !Iarch/x86/include/asm/mca_dma.h
 220         </sect2>
 221      </sect1>
 222   </chapter>
 223
 224   <chapter id="firmware">
 225      <title>Firmware Interfaces</title>
 226      <sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title>
 227 !Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
 228      </sect1>
 229      <sect1><title>EDD Interfaces</title>
 230 !Idrivers/firmware/edd.c
 231      </sect1>
 232   </chapter>
 233
 234   <chapter id="security">
 235      <title>Security Framework</title>
 236 !Isecurity/security.c
 237 !Esecurity/inode.c
 238   </chapter>
 239
 240   <chapter id="audit">
 241      <title>Audit Interfaces</title>
 242 !Ekernel/audit.c
 243 !Ikernel/auditsc.c
 244 !Ikernel/auditfilter.c
 245   </chapter>
 246
 247   <chapter id="accounting">
 248      <title>Accounting Framework</title>
 249 !Ikernel/acct.c
 250   </chapter>
 251
 252   <chapter id="blkdev">
 253      <title>Block Devices</title>
 254 !Eblock/blk-core.c
 255 !Iblock/blk-core.c
 256 !Eblock/blk-map.c
 257 !Iblock/blk-sysfs.c
 258 !Eblock/blk-settings.c
 259 !Eblock/blk-exec.c
 260 !Eblock/blk-barrier.c
 261 !Eblock/blk-tag.c
 262 !Iblock/blk-tag.c
 263 !Eblock/blk-integrity.c
 264 !Ikernel/trace/blktrace.c
 265 !Iblock/genhd.c
 266 !Eblock/genhd.c
 267   </chapter>
 268
 269   <chapter id="chrdev">
 270         <title>Char devices</title>
 271 !Efs/char_dev.c
 272   </chapter>
 273
 274   <chapter id="miscdev">
 275      <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
 276 !Edrivers/char/misc.c
 277   </chapter>
 278
 279   <chapter id="clk">
 280      <title>Clock Framework</title>
 281
 282      <para>
 283         The clock framework defines programming interfaces to support
 284         software management of the system clock tree.
 285         This framework is widely used with System-On-Chip (SOC) platforms
 286         to support power management and various devices which may need
 287         custom clock rates.
 288         Note that these "clocks" don't relate to timekeeping or real
 289         time clocks (RTCs), each of which have separate frameworks.
 290         These <structname>struct clk</structname> instances may be used
 291         to manage for example a 96 MHz signal that is used to shift bits
 292         into and out of peripherals or busses, or otherwise trigger
 293         synchronous state machine transitions in system hardware.
 294      </para>
 295
 296      <para>
 297         Power management is supported by explicit software clock gating:
 298         unused clocks are disabled, so the system doesn't waste power
 299         changing the state of transistors that aren't in active use.
 300         On some systems this may be backed by hardware clock gating,
 301         where clocks are gated without being disabled in software.
 302         Sections of chips that are powered but not clocked may be able
 303         to retain their last state.
 304         This low power state is often called a <emphasis>retention
 305         mode</emphasis>.
 306         This mode still incurs leakage currents, especially with finer
 307         circuit geometries, but for CMOS circuits power is mostly used
 308         by clocked state changes.
 309      </para>
 310
 311      <para>
 312         Power-aware drivers only enable their clocks when the device
 313         they manage is in active use.  Also, system sleep states often
 314         differ according to which clock domains are active:  while a
 315         "standby" state may allow wakeup from several active domains, a
 316         "mem" (suspend-to-RAM) state may require a more wholesale shutdown
 317         of clocks derived from higher speed PLLs and oscillators, limiting
 318         the number of possible wakeup event sources.  A driver's suspend
 319         method may need to be aware of system-specific clock constraints
 320         on the target sleep state.
 321      </para>
 322
 323      <para>
 324         Some platforms support programmable clock generators.  These
 325         can be used by external chips of various kinds, such as other
 326         CPUs, multimedia codecs, and devices with strict requirements
 327         for interface clocking.
 328      </para>
 329
 330 !Iinclude/linux/clk.h
 331   </chapter>
 332
 333 </book>