Documentation/arm64/memory.txt

   1                      Memory Layout on AArch64 Linux
   2                      ==============================
   3
   4 Author: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
   5 Date  : 20 February 2012
   6
   7 This document describes the virtual memory layout used by the AArch64
   8 Linux kernel. The architecture allows up to 4 levels of translation
   9 tables with a 4KB page size and up to 3 levels with a 64KB page size.
  10
  11 AArch64 Linux uses 3 levels of translation tables with the 4KB page
  12 configuration, allowing 39-bit (512GB) virtual addresses for both user
  13 and kernel. With 64KB pages, only 2 levels of translation tables are
  14 used but the memory layout is the same.
  15
  16 User addresses have bits 63:39 set to 0 while the kernel addresses have
  17 the same bits set to 1. TTBRx selection is given by bit 63 of the
  18 virtual address. The swapper_pg_dir contains only kernel (global)
  19 mappings while the user pgd contains only user (non-global) mappings.
  20 The swapper_pgd_dir address is written to TTBR1 and never written to
  21 TTBR0.
  22
  23
  24 AArch64 Linux memory layout with 4KB pages:
  25
  26 Start                   End                     Size            Use
  27 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  28 0000000000000000        0000007fffffffff         512GB          user
  29
  30 ffffff8000000000        ffffffbbfffeffff        ~240GB          vmalloc
  31
  32 ffffffbbffff0000        ffffffbbffffffff          64KB          [guard page]
  33
  34 ffffffbc00000000        ffffffbdffffffff           8GB          vmemmap
  35
  36 ffffffbe00000000        ffffffbffbbfffff          ~8GB          [guard, future vmmemap]
  37
  38 ffffffbffa000000        ffffffbffaffffff          16MB          PCI I/O space
  39
  40 ffffffbffb000000        ffffffbffbbfffff          12MB          [guard]
  41
  42 ffffffbffbc00000        ffffffbffbdfffff           2MB          fixed mappings
  43
  44 ffffffbffbe00000        ffffffbffbffffff           2MB          [guard]
  45
  46 ffffffbffc000000        ffffffbfffffffff          64MB          modules
  47
  48 ffffffc000000000        ffffffffffffffff         256GB          kernel logical memory map
  49
  50
  51 AArch64 Linux memory layout with 64KB pages:
  52
  53 Start                   End                     Size            Use
  54 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  55 0000000000000000        000003ffffffffff           4TB          user
  56
  57 fffffc0000000000        fffffdfbfffeffff          ~2TB          vmalloc
  58
  59 fffffdfbffff0000        fffffdfbffffffff          64KB          [guard page]
  60
  61 fffffdfc00000000        fffffdfdffffffff           8GB          vmemmap
  62
  63 fffffdfe00000000        fffffdfffbbfffff          ~8GB          [guard, future vmmemap]
  64
  65 fffffdfffa000000        fffffdfffaffffff          16MB          PCI I/O space
  66
  67 fffffdfffb000000        fffffdfffbbfffff          12MB          [guard]
  68
  69 fffffdfffbc00000        fffffdfffbdfffff           2MB          fixed mappings
  70
  71 fffffdfffbe00000        fffffdfffbffffff           2MB          [guard]
  72
  73 fffffdfffc000000        fffffdffffffffff          64MB          modules
  74
  75 fffffe0000000000        ffffffffffffffff           2TB          kernel logical memory map
  76
  77
  78 Translation table lookup with 4KB pages:
  79
  80 +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
  81 |63    56|55    48|47    40|39    32|31    24|23    16|15     8|7      0|
  82 +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
  83  |                 |         |         |         |         |
  84  |                 |         |         |         |         v
  85  |                 |         |         |         |   [11:0]  in-page offset
  86  |                 |         |         |         +-> [20:12] L3 index
  87  |                 |         |         +-----------> [29:21] L2 index
  88  |                 |         +---------------------> [38:30] L1 index
  89  |                 +-------------------------------> [47:39] L0 index (not used)
  90  +-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1
  91
  92
  93 Translation table lookup with 64KB pages:
  94
  95 +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
  96 |63    56|55    48|47    40|39    32|31    24|23    16|15     8|7      0|
  97 +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
  98  |                 |    |               |              |
  99  |                 |    |               |              v
 100  |                 |    |               |            [15:0]  in-page offset
 101  |                 |    |               +----------> [28:16] L3 index
 102  |                 |    +--------------------------> [41:29] L2 index (only 38:29 used)
 103  |                 +-------------------------------> [47:42] L1 index (not used)
 104  +-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1
 105
 106 When using KVM, the hypervisor maps kernel pages in EL2, at a fixed
 107 offset from the kernel VA (top 24bits of the kernel VA set to zero):
 108
 109 Start                   End                     Size            Use
 110 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 111 0000004000000000        0000007fffffffff         256GB          kernel objects mapped in HYP