install: fix passing missing root volume name

[pve-installer.git] / Proxmox / Install.pm

package Proxmox::Install;

use strict;
use warnings;

use Cwd 'abs_path';
use Encode;
use POSIX ":sys_wait_h";

use Proxmox::Install::ISOEnv;
use Proxmox::Install::RunEnv;

use Proxmox::Install::Config;
use Proxmox::Install::StorageConfig;

use Proxmox::Sys::Block qw(get_cached_disks wipe_disk partition_bootable_disk);
use Proxmox::Sys::Command qw(run_command syscmd);
use Proxmox::Sys::File qw(file_read_firstline file_write_all);
use Proxmox::UI;

# TODO: move somewhere better?
my $postfix_main_cf = <<_EOD;
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version

myhostname=__FQDN__

smtpd_banner = \$myhostname ESMTP \$mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h

alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
mydestination = \$myhostname, localhost.\$mydomain, localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
inet_interfaces = loopback-only
recipient_delimiter = +

compatibility_level = 2

_EOD

my ($last_display_change, $display_info_counter) = (0, 0);
my $display_info_items = [
    "extract1-license.htm",
    "extract2-rulesystem.htm",
    "extract3-spam.htm",
    "extract4-virus.htm",
];

sub reset_last_display_change {
    $last_display_change = 0;
}

sub display_info {
    my $min_display_time = 15;

    my $ctime = time();
    return if ($ctime - $last_display_change) < $min_display_time;

    my $page = $display_info_items->[$display_info_counter % scalar(@$display_info_items)];
    $display_info_counter++;

    Proxmox::UI::display_html($page);
    $last_display_change = time();
}


sub update_progress {
    my ($frac, $start, $end, $text) = @_;

    my $res = Proxmox::UI::progress($frac, $start, $end, $text);

    display_info() if $res < 0.9;

    Proxmox::UI::process_events();
}

my $fssetup = {
    ext4 => {
        mkfs => 'mkfs.ext4 -F',
        mkfs_root_opt => '',
        mkfs_data_opt => '-m 0',
        root_mountopt => 'errors=remount-ro',
    },
    xfs => {
        mkfs => 'mkfs.xfs -f',
        mkfs_root_opt => '',
        mkfs_data_opt => '',
        root_mountopt => '',
    },
};

sub create_filesystem {
    my ($dev, $name, $type, $start, $end, $fs, $fe) = @_;

    my $range = $end - $start;
    my $rs = $start + $range*$fs;
    my $re = $start + $range*$fe;
    my $max = 0;

    my $fsdata = $fssetup->{$type} || die "internal error - unknown file system '$type'";
    my $opts = $name eq 'root' ? $fsdata->{mkfs_root_opt} : $fsdata->{mkfs_data_opt};

    update_progress(0, $rs, $re, "creating $name filesystem");

    run_command("$fsdata->{mkfs} $opts $dev", sub {
        my $line = shift;

        if ($line =~ m/Writing inode tables:\s+(\d+)\/(\d+)/) {
            $max = $2;
        } elsif ($max && $line =~ m/(\d+)\/$max/) {
            update_progress(($1/$max)*0.9, $rs, $re);
        } elsif ($line =~ m/Creating journal.*done/) {
            update_progress(0.95, $rs, $re);
        } elsif ($line =~ m/Writing superblocks and filesystem.*done/) {
            update_progress(1, $rs, $re);
        }
    });
}

sub debconfig_set {
    my ($targetdir, $dcdata) = @_;

    my $cfgfile = "/tmp/debconf.txt";
    file_write_all("$targetdir/$cfgfile", $dcdata);
    syscmd("chroot $targetdir debconf-set-selections $cfgfile");
    unlink "$targetdir/$cfgfile";
}

sub diversion_add {
    my ($targetdir, $cmd, $new_cmd) = @_;

    syscmd("chroot $targetdir dpkg-divert --package proxmox --add --rename $cmd") == 0
        || die "unable to exec dpkg-divert\n";

    syscmd("ln -sf ${new_cmd} $targetdir/$cmd") == 0
        || die "unable to link diversion to ${new_cmd}\n";
}

sub diversion_remove {
    my  ($targetdir, $cmd) = @_;

    syscmd("mv $targetdir/${cmd}.distrib $targetdir/${cmd};") == 0
        || die "unable to remove $cmd diversion\n";

    syscmd("chroot $targetdir dpkg-divert --remove $cmd") == 0
        || die "unable to remove $cmd diversion\n";
}

sub btrfs_create {
    my ($partitions, $mode) = @_;

    die "unknown btrfs mode '$mode'"
        if !($mode eq 'single' || $mode eq 'raid0' || $mode eq 'raid1' || $mode eq 'raid10');

    my $cmd = ['mkfs.btrfs', '-f'];

    push @$cmd, '-d', $mode, '-m', $mode;

    push @$cmd, @$partitions;

    syscmd($cmd);
}

sub zfs_create_rpool {
    my ($vdev, $pool_name, $root_volume_name) = @_;

    my $iso_env = Proxmox::Install::ISOEnv::get();

    my $zfs_opts = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_zfs_opt();

    my $cmd = "zpool create -f -o cachefile=none";
    $cmd .= " -o ashift=$zfs_opts->{ashift}" if defined($zfs_opts->{ashift});

    syscmd("$cmd $pool_name $vdev") == 0 || die "unable to create zfs root pool\n";

    syscmd("zfs create $pool_name/ROOT")  == 0 || die "unable to create zfs $pool_name/ROOT volume\n";

    if ($iso_env->{product} eq 'pve') {
        syscmd("zfs create $pool_name/data")  == 0 || die "unable to create zfs $pool_name/data volume\n";
    }

    syscmd("zfs create $pool_name/ROOT/$root_volume_name")  == 0 ||
        die "unable to create zfs $pool_name/ROOT/$root_volume_name volume\n";

    # default to `relatime` on, fast enough for the installer and production
    syscmd("zfs set atime=on relatime=on $pool_name") == 0 || die "unable to set zfs properties\n";

    my $value = $zfs_opts->{compress} // 'on';
    syscmd("zfs set compression=$value $pool_name") if defined($value) && $value ne 'off';

    $value = $zfs_opts->{checksum} // 'on';
    syscmd("zfs set checksum=$value $pool_name") if defined($value) && $value ne 'on';

    $value = $zfs_opts->{copies} // 1;
    syscmd("zfs set copies=$value $pool_name") if defined($value) && $value != 1;
}

my $get_raid_devlist = sub {

    my $dev_name_hash = {};

    my $cached_disks = get_cached_disks();
    my $devlist = [];
    for (my $i = 0; $i < @$cached_disks; $i++) {
        next if !Proxmox::Install::Config::get_disk_selection($i);

        my $hd = $cached_disks->[$i];
        my ($disk, $devname, $size, $model, $logical_bsize) = @$hd;
        die "device '$devname' is used more than once\n" if $dev_name_hash->{$devname};
        $dev_name_hash->{$devname} = $hd;
        push @$devlist, $hd;
    }

    return $devlist;
};

sub zfs_mirror_size_check {
    my ($expected, $actual) = @_;

    die "mirrored disks must have same size\n"
        if abs($expected - $actual) > $expected / 10;
}

sub legacy_bios_4k_check {
    my ($lbs) = @_;
    my $run_env = Proxmox::Install::RunEnv::get();
    die "Booting from 4kn drive in legacy BIOS mode is not supported.\n"
        if $run_env->{boot_type} ne 'efi' && $lbs == 4096;
}

sub get_zfs_raid_setup {
    my $filesys = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_filesys();

    my $devlist = &$get_raid_devlist();

    my $diskcount = scalar(@$devlist);
    die "$filesys needs at least one device\n" if $diskcount < 1;

    my $cmd= '';
    if ($filesys eq 'zfs (RAID0)') {
        foreach my $hd (@$devlist) {
            legacy_bios_4k_check(@$hd[4]);
            $cmd .= " @$hd[1]";
        }
    } elsif ($filesys eq 'zfs (RAID1)') {
        die "zfs (RAID1) needs at least 2 device\n" if $diskcount < 2;
        $cmd .= ' mirror ';
        my $hd = @$devlist[0];
        my $expected_size = @$hd[2]; # all disks need approximately same size
        foreach my $hd (@$devlist) {
            zfs_mirror_size_check($expected_size, @$hd[2]);
            legacy_bios_4k_check(@$hd[4]);
            $cmd .= " @$hd[1]";
        }
    } elsif ($filesys eq 'zfs (RAID10)') {
        die "zfs (RAID10) needs at least 4 device\n" if $diskcount < 4;
        die "zfs (RAID10) needs an even number of devices\n" if $diskcount & 1;

        for (my $i = 0; $i < $diskcount; $i+=2) {
            my $hd1 = @$devlist[$i];
            my $hd2 = @$devlist[$i+1];
            zfs_mirror_size_check(@$hd1[2], @$hd2[2]); # pairs need approximately same size
            legacy_bios_4k_check(@$hd1[4]);
            legacy_bios_4k_check(@$hd2[4]);
            $cmd .= ' mirror ' . @$hd1[1] . ' ' . @$hd2[1];
        }

    } elsif ($filesys =~ m/^zfs \(RAIDZ-([123])\)$/) {
        my $level = $1;
        my $mindisks = 2 + $level;
        die "zfs (RAIDZ-$level) needs at least $mindisks devices\n" if scalar(@$devlist) < $mindisks;
        my $hd = @$devlist[0];
        my $expected_size = @$hd[2]; # all disks need approximately same size
        $cmd .= " raidz$level";
        foreach my $hd (@$devlist) {
            zfs_mirror_size_check($expected_size, @$hd[2]);
            legacy_bios_4k_check(@$hd[4]);
            $cmd .= " @$hd[1]";
        }
    } else {
        die "unknown zfs mode '$filesys'\n";
    }

    return ($devlist, $cmd);
}

sub get_btrfs_raid_setup {
    my $filesys = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_filesys();

    my $devlist = &$get_raid_devlist();

    my $diskcount = scalar(@$devlist);
    die "$filesys needs at least one device\n" if $diskcount < 1;

    my $mode;

    if ($diskcount == 1) {
        $mode = 'single';
    } else {
        if ($filesys eq 'btrfs (RAID0)') {
            $mode = 'raid0';
        } elsif ($filesys eq 'btrfs (RAID1)') {
            die "btrfs (RAID1) needs at least 2 device\n" if $diskcount < 2;
            $mode = 'raid1';
        } elsif ($filesys eq 'btrfs (RAID10)') {
            die "btrfs (RAID10) needs at least 4 device\n" if $diskcount < 4;
            $mode = 'raid10';
        } else {
            die "unknown btrfs mode '$filesys'\n";
        }
    }

    return ($devlist, $mode);
}

sub get_pv_list_from_vgname {
    my ($vgname) = @_;

    my $res;

    my $parser = sub {
        my $line = shift;
        $line =~ s/^\s+//;
        $line =~ s/\s+$//;
        return if !$line;
        my ($pv, $vg_uuid) = split(/\s+/, $line);

        if (!defined($res->{$vg_uuid}->{pvs})) {
            $res->{$vg_uuid}->{pvs} = "$pv";
        } else {
            $res->{$vg_uuid}->{pvs} .= ", $pv";
        }
    };
    run_command("pvs --noheadings -o pv_name,vg_uuid -S vg_name='$vgname'", $parser, undef, 1);

    return $res;
}

sub ask_existing_vg_rename_or_abort {
    my ($vgname) = @_;

    # this normally only happens if one put a disk with a PVE installation in
    # this server and that disk is not the installation target.
    my $duplicate_vgs = get_pv_list_from_vgname($vgname);
    return if !$duplicate_vgs;

    my $message = "Detected existing '$vgname' Volume Group(s)! Do you want to:\n";

    for my $vg_uuid (keys %$duplicate_vgs) {
        my $vg = $duplicate_vgs->{$vg_uuid};

        # no high randomnes properties, but this is only for the cases where
        # we either have multiple "$vgname" vgs from multiple old PVE disks, or
        # we have a disk with both a "$vgname" and "$vgname-old"...
        my $short_uid = sprintf "%08X", rand(0xffffffff);
        $vg->{new_vgname} = "$vgname-OLD-$short_uid";

        $message .= "rename VG backed by PV '$vg->{pvs}' to '$vg->{new_vgname}'\n";
    }
    $message .= "or cancel the installation?";

    my $response = Proxmox::UI::prompt($message);

    if ($response eq 'ok') {
        for my $vg_uuid (keys %$duplicate_vgs) {
            my $vg = $duplicate_vgs->{$vg_uuid};
            my $new_vgname = $vg->{new_vgname};

            syscmd("vgrename $vg_uuid $new_vgname") == 0 ||
                die "could not rename VG from '$vg->{pvs}' ($vg_uuid) to '$new_vgname'!\n";
        }
    } else {
        warn "Canceled installation by user, due to already existing volume group '$vgname'\n";
        die "\n"; # causes abort without re-showing an error dialogue
    }
}

sub create_lvm_volumes {
    my ($lvmdev, $os_size, $swap_size) = @_;

    my $iso_env = Proxmox::Install::ISOEnv::get();
    my $vgname = $iso_env->{product};

    ask_existing_vg_rename_or_abort($vgname);

    my $rootdev = "/dev/$vgname/root";
    my $datadev = "/dev/$vgname/data";
    my $swapfile;

    # we use --metadatasize 250k, which results in "pe_start = 512"
    # so pe_start is aligned on a 128k boundary (advantage for SSDs)
    syscmd("/sbin/pvcreate --metadatasize 250k -y -ff $lvmdev") == 0 ||
        die "unable to initialize physical volume $lvmdev\n";
    syscmd("/sbin/vgcreate $vgname $lvmdev") == 0 ||
        die "unable to create volume group '$vgname'\n";

    my $hdgb = int($os_size / (1024 * 1024));

    # always leave some space at the end to avoid roudning issues with LVM's physical extent (PE)
    # size of 4 MB.
    my $space = $hdgb <= 32 ? 4 * 1024 : (($hdgb > 128 ? 16 : $hdgb / 8) * 1024 * 1024);

    my $rootsize;
    my $datasize = 0;

    if ($iso_env->{product} eq 'pve') {

        my $maxroot_mb;
        if (my $maxroot = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_maxroot()) {
            $maxroot_mb = $maxroot * 1024;
        } else {
            $maxroot_mb = 96 * 1024;
        }

        my $rest = $os_size - $swap_size;
        my $rest_mb = int($rest / 1024);

        my $rootsize_mb;
        if ($rest_mb < 12 * 1024) {
            # no point in wasting space, try to get us actually installed and align down to 4 MB
            $rootsize_mb = ($rest_mb - 0.1) & ~3;
        } elsif ($rest_mb < 48 * 1024) {
            my $masked = int($rest_mb / 2) & ~3; # align down to 4 MB
            $rootsize_mb = $masked;
        } else {
            $rootsize_mb = $rest_mb / 4 + 12 * 1024;
        }

        $rootsize_mb = $maxroot_mb if $rootsize_mb > $maxroot_mb;
        $rootsize = int($rootsize_mb * 1024);

        $rest -= $rootsize; # in KB

        my $minfree = $space;
        if (defined(my $cfg_minfree = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_minfree())) {
            $minfree = $cfg_minfree * 1024 * 1024 >= $rest ? $space : $cfg_minfree * 1024 * 1024;
        }

        $rest = int($rest - $minfree) & ~0xFFF; # align down to 4 MB boundaries

        if (defined(my $maxvz = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_maxvz())) {
            $rest = $maxvz * 1024 * 1024 <= $rest ? $maxvz * 1024 * 1024 : $rest;
        }

        $datasize = $rest;

    } else {
        my $cfg_minfree = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_minfree();
        my $minfree = defined($cfg_minfree) ? $cfg_minfree * 1024 * 1024 : $space;
        $rootsize = int($os_size - $minfree - $swap_size); # in KB
        $rootsize &= ~0xFFF; # align down to 4 MB boundaries
    }

    if ($swap_size) {
        syscmd("/sbin/lvcreate -Wy --yes -L${swap_size}K -nswap $vgname") == 0 ||
            die "unable to create swap volume\n";

        $swapfile = "/dev/$vgname/swap";
    }

    syscmd("/sbin/lvcreate -Wy --yes -L${rootsize}K -nroot $vgname") == 0 ||
        die "unable to create root volume\n";

    if ($datasize > 4 * 1024 * 1024) {
        my $metadatasize = $datasize/100; # default 1% of data
        $metadatasize = 1024*1024 if $metadatasize < 1024*1024; # but at least 1G
        $metadatasize = 16*1024*1024 if $metadatasize > 16*1024*1024; # but at most 16G

        # otherwise the metadata is taken out of $minfree
        $datasize -= 2 * $metadatasize;

        # 1 4MB PE to allow for rounding
        $datasize -= 4 * 1024;

        syscmd("/sbin/lvcreate -Wy --yes -L${datasize}K -ndata $vgname") == 0 ||
            die "unable to create data volume\n";

        syscmd("/sbin/lvconvert --yes --type thin-pool --poolmetadatasize ${metadatasize}K $vgname/data") == 0 ||
            die "unable to create data thin-pool\n";
    } else {
        my $maxvz = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_maxvz();
        if ($iso_env->{product} eq 'pve' && !defined($maxvz)) {
            Proxmox::UI::message("Skipping auto-creation of LVM thinpool for guest data due to low space.");
        }
        $datadev = undef;
    }

    syscmd("/sbin/vgchange -a y $vgname") == 0 ||
        die "unable to activate volume group\n";

    return ($rootdev, $swapfile, $datadev);
}

sub compute_swapsize {
    my ($hdsize) = @_;

    my $hdgb = int($hdsize/(1024*1024));

    my $swapsize_kb;
    if (defined(my $swapsize = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_swapsize())) {
        $swapsize_kb = $swapsize * 1024 * 1024;
    } else {
        my $run_env = Proxmox::Install::RunEnv::get();
        my $ss = int($run_env->{total_memory});
        $ss = 4096 if $ss < 4096 && $hdgb >= 64;
        $ss = 2048 if $ss < 2048 && $hdgb >= 32;
        $ss = 1024 if $ss >= 2048 && $hdgb <= 16;
        $ss = 512 if $ss < 512;
        $ss = int($hdgb * 128) if $ss > $hdgb * 128;
        $ss = 8192 if $ss > 8192;
        $swapsize_kb = int($ss * 1024) & ~0xFFF; # align to 4 MB to avoid all to odd SWAP size
    }

    return $swapsize_kb;
}

my sub chroot_chown {
    my ($root, $path, %param) = @_;

    my $recursive = $param{recursive} ? ' -R' : '';
    my $user = $param{user};
    die "can not chown without user parameter\n" if !defined($user);
    my $group = $param{group} // $user;

    syscmd("chroot $root /bin/chown $user:$group $recursive $path") == 0 ||
        die "chroot: unable to change owner for '$path'\n";
}

my sub chroot_chmod {
    my ($root, $path, %param) = @_;

    my $recursive = $param{recursive} ? ' -R' : '';
    my $mode = $param{mode};
    die "can not chmod without mode parameter\n" if !defined($mode);

    syscmd("chroot $root /bin/chmod $mode $recursive $path") == 0 ||
        die "chroot: unable to change permission mode for '$path'\n";
}

sub prepare_proxmox_boot_esp {
    my ($espdev, $targetdir) = @_;

    syscmd("chroot $targetdir proxmox-boot-tool init $espdev") == 0 ||
        die "unable to init ESP and install proxmox-boot loader on '$espdev'\n";
}

sub prepare_grub_efi_boot_esp {
    my ($dev, $espdev, $targetdir) = @_;

    syscmd("mount -n $espdev -t vfat $targetdir/boot/efi") == 0 ||
        die "unable to mount $espdev\n";

    eval {
        my $rc = syscmd("chroot $targetdir /usr/sbin/grub-install --target x86_64-efi --no-floppy --bootloader-id='proxmox' $dev");
        if ($rc != 0) {
            my $run_env = Proxmox::Install::RunEnv::get();
            if ($run_env->{boot_type} eq 'efi') {
                die "unable to install the EFI boot loader on '$dev'\n";
            } else {
                warn "unable to install the EFI boot loader on '$dev', ignoring (not booted using UEFI)\n";
            }
        }
        # also install fallback boot file (OVMF does not boot without)
        mkdir("$targetdir/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT");
        syscmd("cp $targetdir/boot/efi/EFI/proxmox/grubx64.efi $targetdir/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTx64.EFI") == 0 ||
            die "unable to copy efi boot loader\n";
    };
    my $err = $@;

    eval {
        syscmd("umount $targetdir/boot/efi") == 0 ||
            die "unable to umount $targetdir/boot/efi\n";
    };
    warn $@ if $@;

    die "failed to prepare EFI boot using Grub on '$espdev': $err" if $err;
}

sub extract_data {
    my $iso_env = Proxmox::Install::ISOEnv::get();
    my $run_env = Proxmox::Install::RunEnv::get();

    my $proxmox_libdir = $iso_env->{locations}->{lib};
    my $proxmox_cddir = $iso_env->{locations}->{iso};
    my $proxmox_pkgdir = "${proxmox_cddir}/proxmox/packages/";

    my $targetdir = is_test_mode() ? "target" : "/target";
    mkdir $targetdir;
    my $basefile = "${proxmox_cddir}/$iso_env->{product}-base.squashfs";

    die "target '$targetdir' does not exist\n" if ! -d  $targetdir;

    my $starttime = [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday];

    my $bootdevinfo = [];

    my ($swapfile, $rootdev, $datadev);
    my ($use_zfs, $use_btrfs) = (0, 0);

    my $filesys = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_filesys();
    my $hdsize = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_hdsize();

    my $zfs_pool_name = Proxmox::Install::StorageConfig::get_zfs_pool_name();
    my $zfs_root_volume_name = Proxmox::Install::StorageConfig::get_zfs_root_volume_name();

    if ($filesys =~ m/zfs/) {
        Proxmox::Install::Config::set_target_hd(undef); # do not use this config
        $use_zfs = 1;
        $targetdir = "/$zfs_pool_name/ROOT/$zfs_root_volume_name";
    } elsif ($filesys =~ m/btrfs/) {
        Proxmox::Install::Config::set_target_hd(undef); # do not use this config
        $use_btrfs = 1;
    }

    if ($use_zfs) {
        my $i;
        for ($i = 5; $i > 0; $i--) {
            syscmd("modprobe zfs");
            last if -c "/dev/zfs";
            sleep(1);
        }

        die "unable to load zfs kernel module\n" if !$i;
    }

    my $bootloader_err;

    eval {
        my $maxper = 0.25;

        update_progress(0, 0, $maxper, "cleanup root-disks");

        syscmd("vgchange -an") if !is_test_mode(); # deactivate all detected VGs

        if (is_test_mode()) {

            my $test_images = Proxmox::Install::ISOEnv::get_test_images();
            $rootdev = abs_path($test_images->[0]); # FIXME: use all selected for test too!
            syscmd("umount $rootdev");

            if ($use_btrfs) {

                die "unsupported btrfs mode (for testing environment)\n"
                    if $filesys ne 'btrfs (RAID0)';

                btrfs_create([$rootdev], 'single');

            } elsif ($use_zfs) {

                die "unsupported zfs mode (for testing environment)\n"
                    if $filesys ne 'zfs (RAID0)';

                syscmd("zpool destroy $zfs_pool_name");

                zfs_create_rpool($rootdev, $zfs_pool_name, $zfs_root_volume_name);

            } else {

                # nothing to do
            }

        } elsif ($use_btrfs) {

            my ($devlist, $btrfs_mode) = get_btrfs_raid_setup();

            foreach my $hd (@$devlist) {
                wipe_disk(@$hd[1]);
            }

            update_progress(0, 0.02, $maxper, "create partitions");

            my $btrfs_partitions = [];
            foreach my $hd (@$devlist) {
                my $devname = @$hd[1];
                my $logical_bsize = @$hd[4];

                my ($size, $osdev, $efidev) = partition_bootable_disk($devname, $hdsize, '8300');
                $rootdev = $osdev if !defined($rootdev); # simply point to first disk
                my $by_id = Proxmox::Sys::Block::get_disk_by_id_path($devname);
                push @$bootdevinfo, {
                    esp => $efidev,
                    devname => $devname,
                    osdev => $osdev,
                    by_id => $by_id,
                    logical_bsize => $logical_bsize,
                };
                push @$btrfs_partitions, $osdev;
            }

            Proxmox::Sys::Block::udevadm_trigger_block();

            update_progress(0, 0.03, $maxper, "create btrfs");

            btrfs_create($btrfs_partitions, $btrfs_mode);

        } elsif ($use_zfs) {

            my ($devlist, $vdev) = get_zfs_raid_setup();

            foreach my $hd (@$devlist) {
                wipe_disk(@$hd[1]);
            }

            update_progress(0, 0.02, $maxper, "create partitions");

            # install esp/boot part on all, we can only win!
            for my $hd (@$devlist) {
                my $devname = @$hd[1];
                my $logical_bsize = @$hd[4];

                my ($size, $osdev, $efidev) = partition_bootable_disk($devname, $hdsize, 'BF01');

                push @$bootdevinfo, {
                    esp => $efidev,
                    devname => $devname,
                    osdev => $osdev,
                    logical_bsize => $logical_bsize,
                };
            }

            Proxmox::Sys::Block::udevadm_trigger_block();

            foreach my $di (@$bootdevinfo) {
                my $devname = $di->{devname};
                $di->{by_id} = Proxmox::Sys::Block::get_disk_by_id_path($devname);

                my $osdev = Proxmox::Sys::Block::get_disk_by_id_path($di->{osdev}) || $di->{osdev};

                $vdev =~ s/ $devname/ $osdev/;
            }

            foreach my $hd (@$devlist) {
                my $devname = @$hd[1];
                my $by_id = Proxmox::Sys::Block::get_disk_by_id_path($devname);

                $vdev =~ s/ $devname/ $by_id/ if $by_id;
            }

            update_progress(0, 0.03, $maxper, "create rpool");

            zfs_create_rpool($vdev, $zfs_pool_name, $zfs_root_volume_name);

        } else {
            my $target_hd = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_target_hd();
            die "target '$target_hd' is not a valid block device\n" if ! -b $target_hd;

            wipe_disk($target_hd);

            update_progress(0, 0.02, $maxper, "create partitions");

            my $logical_bsize = Proxmox::Sys::Block::logical_blocksize($target_hd);

            my ($os_size, $osdev, $efidev) = partition_bootable_disk($target_hd, $hdsize, '8E00');

            Proxmox::Sys::Block::udevadm_trigger_block();

            my $by_id = Proxmox::Sys::Block::get_disk_by_id_path($target_hd);
            push @$bootdevinfo, {
                esp => $efidev,
                devname => $target_hd,
                osdev => $osdev,
                by_id => $by_id,
                logical_bsize => $logical_bsize,
            };

            update_progress(0, 0.03, $maxper, "create LVs");

            my $swap_size = compute_swapsize($os_size);
            ($rootdev, $swapfile, $datadev) =
                create_lvm_volumes($osdev, $os_size, $swap_size);

            # trigger udev to create /dev/disk/by-uuid
            Proxmox::Sys::Block::udevadm_trigger_block(1);
        }

        if ($use_zfs) {
            # to be fast during installation
            syscmd("zfs set sync=disabled $zfs_pool_name") == 0 ||
                die "unable to set zfs properties\n";
        }

        update_progress(0.04, 0, $maxper, "create swap space");
        if ($swapfile) {
            syscmd("mkswap -f $swapfile") == 0 ||
                die "unable to create swap space\n";
        }

        update_progress(0.045, 0, $maxper, "creating root filesystems");

        foreach my $di (@$bootdevinfo) {
            next if !$di->{esp};
            # FIXME remove '-s1' once https://github.com/dosfstools/dosfstools/issues/111 is fixed
            my $vfat_extra_opts = ($di->{logical_bsize} == 4096) ? '-s1' : '';
            syscmd("mkfs.vfat $vfat_extra_opts -F32 $di->{esp}") == 0 ||
                die "unable to initialize EFI ESP on device $di->{esp}\n";
        }

        if ($use_zfs) {
            # do nothing
        } elsif ($use_btrfs) {
            # do nothing
        } else {
            create_filesystem($rootdev, 'root', $filesys, 0.05, $maxper, 0, 1);
        }

        update_progress(1, 0.05, $maxper, "mounting target $rootdev");

        if ($use_zfs) {
            # do nothing
        } else {
            my $mount_opts = 'noatime';
            $mount_opts .= ',nobarrier'
                if $use_btrfs || $filesys =~ /^ext\d$/;

            syscmd("mount -n $rootdev -o $mount_opts $targetdir") == 0 ||
                die "unable to mount $rootdev\n";
        }

        mkdir "$targetdir/boot";
        mkdir "$targetdir/boot/efi";

        mkdir "$targetdir/var";
        mkdir "$targetdir/var/lib";

        if ($iso_env->{product} eq 'pve') {
            mkdir "$targetdir/var/lib/vz";
            mkdir "$targetdir/var/lib/pve";

            if ($use_btrfs) {
                syscmd("btrfs subvolume create $targetdir/var/lib/pve/local-btrfs") == 0 ||
                    die "unable to create btrfs subvolume\n";
            }
        }

        mkdir "$targetdir/mnt";
        mkdir "$targetdir/mnt/hostrun";
        syscmd("mount --bind /run $targetdir/mnt/hostrun") == 0 ||
            die "unable to bindmount run on $targetdir/mnt/hostrun\n";

        update_progress(1, 0.05, $maxper, "extracting base system");

        my ($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid,$rdev,$size) = stat ($basefile);
        $ino || die "unable to open file '$basefile' - $!\n";

        my $files = file_read_firstline("${proxmox_cddir}/proxmox/$iso_env->{product}-base.cnt") ||
            die "unable to read base file count\n";

        my $per = 0;
        my $count = 0;

        run_command("unsquashfs -f -dest $targetdir -i $basefile", sub {
            my $line = shift;
            return if $line !~ m/^$targetdir/;
            $count++;
            my $nper = int (($count *100)/$files);
            if ($nper != $per) {
                $per = $nper;
                my $frac = $per > 100 ? 1 : $per/100;
                update_progress($frac, $maxper, 0.5);
            }
        });

        syscmd("mount -n -t tmpfs tmpfs $targetdir/tmp") == 0 || die "unable to mount tmpfs on $targetdir/tmp\n";

        mkdir "$targetdir/tmp/pkg";
        syscmd("mount -n --bind '$proxmox_pkgdir' '$targetdir/tmp/pkg'") == 0
            || die "unable to bind-mount packages on $targetdir/tmp/pkg\n";
        syscmd("mount -n -t proc proc $targetdir/proc") == 0 || die "unable to mount proc on $targetdir/proc\n";
        syscmd("mount -n -t sysfs sysfs $targetdir/sys") == 0 || die "unable to mount sysfs on $targetdir/sys\n";
        if ($run_env->{boot_type} eq 'efi') {
            syscmd("mount -n -t efivarfs efivarfs $targetdir/sys/firmware/efi/efivars") == 0 ||
                die "unable to mount efivarfs on $targetdir/sys/firmware/efi/efivars: $!\n";
        }
        syscmd("chroot $targetdir mount --bind /mnt/hostrun /run") == 0 ||
            die "unable to re-bindmount hostrun on /run in chroot\n";

        update_progress(1, $maxper, 0.5, "configuring base system");

        # configure hosts
        my $hostname = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_hostname();
        my $domain = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_domain();
        my $ip_addr = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_ip_addr();

        my $hosts =
            "127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost\n" .
            "$ip_addr $hostname.$domain $hostname\n\n" .
            "# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n\n" .
            "::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" .
            "fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n" .
            "ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n" .
            "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" .
            "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" .
            "ff02::3 ip6-allhosts\n";

        file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/hosts", $hosts);

        file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/hostname", "$hostname\n");

        syscmd("/bin/hostname $hostname") if !is_test_mode();

        # configure interfaces

        my $ifaces = "auto lo\niface lo inet loopback\n\n";

        my $ip_version = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_ip_version();
        my $ntype = $ip_version == 4 ? 'inet' : 'inet6';

        my $ethdev = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_mngmt_nic();
        my $cidr = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_cidr();
        my $gateway = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_gateway();

        if ($iso_env->{cfg}->{bridged_network}) {
            $ifaces .= "iface $ethdev $ntype manual\n";

            $ifaces .=
                "\nauto vmbr0\niface vmbr0 $ntype static\n" .
                "\taddress $cidr\n" .
                "\tgateway $gateway\n" .
                "\tbridge-ports $ethdev\n" .
                "\tbridge-stp off\n" .
                "\tbridge-fd 0\n";
        } else {
            $ifaces .= "auto $ethdev\n" .
                "iface $ethdev $ntype static\n" .
                "\taddress $cidr\n" .
                "\tgateway $gateway\n";
        }

        my $ipconf = $run_env->{ipconf};
        foreach my $iface (sort keys %{$ipconf->{ifaces}}) {
            my $name = $ipconf->{ifaces}->{$iface}->{name};
            next if $name eq $ethdev;

            $ifaces .= "\niface $name $ntype manual\n";
        }

        file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/network/interfaces", $ifaces);

        # configure dns

        my $dnsserver = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_dns();
        my $resolvconf = "search $domain\nnameserver $dnsserver\n";
        file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/resolv.conf", $resolvconf);

        # configure fstab

        my $fstab = "# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>\n";

        if ($use_zfs) {
            # do nothing
        } elsif ($use_btrfs) {
            my $fsuuid;
            my $cmd = "blkid -u filesystem -t TYPE=btrfs -o export $rootdev";
            run_command($cmd, sub {
                my $line = shift;

                if ($line =~ m/^UUID=([A-Fa-f0-9\-]+)$/) {
                    $fsuuid = $1;
                }
            });

            die "unable to detect FS UUID" if !defined($fsuuid);

            $fstab .= "UUID=$fsuuid / btrfs defaults 0 1\n";
        } else {
            my $root_mountopt = $fssetup->{$filesys}->{root_mountopt} || 'defaults';
            $fstab .= "$rootdev / $filesys ${root_mountopt} 0 1\n";
        }

        # mount /boot/efi
        # Note: this is required by current grub, but really dangerous, because
        # vfat does not have journaling, so it triggers manual fsck after each crash
        # so we only mount /boot/efi if really required (efi systems).
        if ($run_env->{boot_type} eq 'efi' && !$use_zfs) {
            if (scalar(@$bootdevinfo)) {
                my $di = @$bootdevinfo[0]; # simply use first disk

                if ($di->{esp}) {
                    my $efi_boot_uuid = $di->{esp};
                    if (my $uuid = Proxmox::Sys::Block::get_dev_uuid($di->{esp})) {
                        $efi_boot_uuid = "UUID=$uuid";
                    }

                    $fstab .= "${efi_boot_uuid} /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1\n";
                }
            }
        }


        $fstab .= "$swapfile none swap sw 0 0\n" if $swapfile;

        $fstab .= "proc /proc proc defaults 0 0\n";

        file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/fstab", $fstab);
        file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/mtab", "");

        syscmd("cp ${proxmox_libdir}/policy-disable-rc.d $targetdir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d") == 0 ||
                die "unable to copy policy-rc.d\n";
        syscmd("cp ${proxmox_libdir}/fake-start-stop-daemon $targetdir/sbin/") == 0 ||
                die "unable to copy start-stop-daemon\n";

        diversion_add($targetdir, "/sbin/start-stop-daemon", "/sbin/fake-start-stop-daemon");
        diversion_add($targetdir, "/usr/sbin/update-grub", "/bin/true");
        diversion_add($targetdir, "/usr/sbin/update-initramfs", "/bin/true");

        my $machine_id = run_command("systemd-id128 new");
        die "unable to create a new machine-id\n" if ! $machine_id;
        file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/machine-id", $machine_id);

        syscmd("cp /etc/hostid $targetdir/etc/") == 0 ||
            die "unable to copy hostid\n";

        syscmd("touch  $targetdir/proxmox_install_mode");

        my $grub_install_devices_txt = '';
        foreach my $di (@$bootdevinfo) {
            $grub_install_devices_txt .= ', ' if $grub_install_devices_txt;
            $grub_install_devices_txt .= $di->{by_id} || $di->{devname};
        }

        my $keymap = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_keymap();
        # Note: keyboard-configuration/xbkb-keymap is used by console-setup
        my $xkmap = $iso_env->{locales}->{kmap}->{$keymap}->{x11} // 'us';

        debconfig_set ($targetdir, <<_EOD);
locales locales/default_environment_locale select en_US.UTF-8
locales locales/locales_to_be_generated select en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
samba-common samba-common/dhcp boolean false
samba-common samba-common/workgroup string WORKGROUP
postfix postfix/main_mailer_type select No configuration
keyboard-configuration keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select $xkmap
d-i debian-installer/locale select en_US.UTF-8
grub-pc grub-pc/install_devices select $grub_install_devices_txt
_EOD

        my $pkg_count = 0;
        while (<${proxmox_pkgdir}/*.deb>) { $pkg_count++ };

        # btrfs/dpkg is extremely slow without --force-unsafe-io
        my $dpkg_opts = $use_btrfs ? "--force-unsafe-io" : "";

        $count = 0;
        while (<${proxmox_pkgdir}/*.deb>) {
            chomp;
            my $path = $_;
            my ($deb) = $path =~ m/${proxmox_pkgdir}\/(.*\.deb)/;
            update_progress($count/$pkg_count, 0.5, 0.75, "extracting $deb");
            print STDERR "extracting: $deb\n";
            syscmd("chroot $targetdir dpkg $dpkg_opts --force-depends --no-triggers --unpack /tmp/pkg/$deb") == 0
                || die "installation of package $deb failed\n";
            update_progress((++$count)/$pkg_count, 0.5, 0.75);
        }

        # needed for postfix postinst in case no other NIC is active
        syscmd("chroot $targetdir ifup lo");

        my $cmd = "chroot $targetdir dpkg $dpkg_opts --force-confold --configure -a";
        $count = 0;
        run_command($cmd, sub {
            my $line = shift;
            if ($line =~ m/Setting up\s+(\S+)/) {
                update_progress((++$count)/$pkg_count, 0.75, 0.95, "configuring $1");
            }
        });

        unlink "$targetdir/etc/mailname";
        $postfix_main_cf =~ s/__FQDN__/${hostname}.${domain}/;
        file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/postfix/main.cf", $postfix_main_cf);

        # make sure we have all postfix directories
        syscmd("chroot $targetdir /usr/sbin/postfix check");
        # cleanup mail queue
        syscmd("chroot $targetdir /usr/sbin/postsuper -d ALL");
        # create /etc/aliases.db (/etc/aliases is shipped in the base squashfs)
        syscmd("chroot $targetdir /usr/bin/newaliases");

        unlink  "$targetdir/proxmox_install_mode";

        my $country = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_country();
        my $timezone = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_timezone();

        # set timezone
        unlink ("$targetdir/etc/localtime");
        symlink ("/usr/share/zoneinfo/$timezone", "$targetdir/etc/localtime");
        file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/timezone", "$timezone\n");

        # set apt mirror
        if (my $mirror = $iso_env->{locales}->{country}->{$country}->{mirror}) {
            my $fn = "$targetdir/etc/apt/sources.list";
            syscmd("sed -i 's/ftp\\.debian\\.org/$mirror/' '$fn'");
        }

        # create extended_states for apt (avoid cron job warning if that
        # file does not exist)
        file_write_all("$targetdir/var/lib/apt/extended_states", '');

        # allow ssh root login
        syscmd(['sed', '-i', 's/^#\?PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin yes/', "$targetdir/etc/ssh/sshd_config"]);

        if ($iso_env->{product} eq 'pmg') {
            # install initial clamav DB
            my $srcdir = "${proxmox_cddir}/proxmox/clamav";
            foreach my $fn ("main.cvd", "bytecode.cvd", "daily.cvd", "safebrowsing.cvd") {
                syscmd("cp \"$srcdir/$fn\" \"$targetdir/var/lib/clamav\"") == 0 ||
                    die "installation of clamav db file '$fn' failed\n";
            }
            syscmd("chroot $targetdir /bin/chown clamav:clamav -R /var/lib/clamav") == 0 ||
                die "unable to set owner for clamav database files\n";
        }

        if ($iso_env->{product} eq 'pve') {
            # save installer settings
            my $ucc = uc ($country);
            debconfig_set($targetdir, "pve-manager pve-manager/country string $ucc\n");
        }

        update_progress(0.8, 0.95, 1, "make system bootable");

        if ($use_zfs) {
            # add ZFS options while preserving existing kernel cmdline
            my $zfs_snippet = "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"\$GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX root=ZFS=$zfs_pool_name/ROOT/$zfs_root_volume_name boot=zfs\"";
            file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/default/grub.d/zfs.cfg", $zfs_snippet);

            file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/kernel/cmdline", "root=ZFS=$zfs_pool_name/ROOT/$zfs_root_volume_name boot=zfs\n");

        }

        diversion_remove($targetdir, "/usr/sbin/update-grub");
        diversion_remove($targetdir, "/usr/sbin/update-initramfs");

        my $kapi;
        foreach my $fn (<$targetdir/lib/modules/*>) {
            if ($fn =~ m!/(\d+\.\d+\.\d+-\d+-pve)$!) {
                die "found multiple kernels\n" if defined($kapi);
                $kapi = $1;
            }
        }
        die "unable to detect kernel version\n" if !defined($kapi);

        if (!is_test_mode()) {

            unlink ("$targetdir/etc/mtab");
            symlink ("/proc/mounts", "$targetdir/etc/mtab");
            syscmd("mount -n --bind /dev $targetdir/dev");

            my $bootloader_err_list = [];
            eval {
                syscmd("chroot $targetdir /usr/sbin/update-initramfs -c -k $kapi") == 0 ||
                    die "unable to install initramfs\n";

                my $native_4k_disk_bootable = 0;
                foreach my $di (@$bootdevinfo) {
                    $native_4k_disk_bootable |= ($di->{logical_bsize} == 4096);
                }

                foreach my $di (@$bootdevinfo) {
                    my $dev = $di->{devname};
                    if ($use_zfs) {
                        prepare_proxmox_boot_esp($di->{esp}, $targetdir);
                    } else {
                        if (!$native_4k_disk_bootable) {
                            eval {
                                syscmd("chroot $targetdir /usr/sbin/grub-install --target i386-pc --no-floppy --bootloader-id='proxmox' $dev") == 0 ||
                                        die "unable to install the i386-pc boot loader on '$dev'\n";
                            };
                            push @$bootloader_err_list, $@ if $@;
                        }

                        if (my $esp = $di->{esp}) {
                            eval { prepare_grub_efi_boot_esp($dev, $esp, $targetdir) };
                            push @$bootloader_err_list, $@ if $@;
                        }
                    }
                }

                syscmd("chroot $targetdir /usr/sbin/update-grub") == 0 ||
                    die "unable to update boot loader config\n";
            };
            push @$bootloader_err_list, $@ if $@;

            if (scalar(@$bootloader_err_list) > 0) {
                $bootloader_err = "bootloader setup errors:\n";
                map { $bootloader_err .= "- $_" } @$bootloader_err_list;
                warn $bootloader_err;
            }

            syscmd("umount $targetdir/dev");
        }

        # cleanup

        unlink "$targetdir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d";

        diversion_remove($targetdir, "/sbin/start-stop-daemon");

        # set root password
        my $octets = encode("utf-8", Proxmox::Install::Config::get_password());
        run_command("chroot $targetdir /usr/sbin/chpasswd", undef, "root:$octets\n");

        my $mailto = Proxmox::Install::Config::get_mailto();
        if ($iso_env->{product} eq 'pmg') {
            # save admin email
            file_write_all("$targetdir/etc/pmg/pmg.conf", "section: admin\n\temail ${mailto}\n");

        } elsif ($iso_env->{product} eq 'pve') {

            # create pmxcfs DB

            my $tmpdir = "$targetdir/tmp/pve";
            mkdir $tmpdir;

            # write vnc keymap to datacenter.cfg
            my $vnckmap = $iso_env->{locales}->{kmap}->{$keymap}->{kvm} || 'en-us';
            file_write_all("$tmpdir/datacenter.cfg", "keyboard: $vnckmap\n");

            # save admin email
            file_write_all("$tmpdir/user.cfg", "user:root\@pam:1:0:::${mailto}::\n");

            # write storage.cfg
            my $storage_cfg;
            if ($use_zfs) {
                $storage_cfg = Proxmox::Install::StorageConfig::get_zfs_config($iso_env);
            } elsif ($use_btrfs) {
                $storage_cfg = Proxmox::Install::StorageConfig::get_btrfs_config();
            } elsif ($datadev) {
                $storage_cfg = Proxmox::Install::StorageConfig::get_lvm_thin_config();
            } else {
                $storage_cfg = Proxmox::Install::StorageConfig::get_local_config();
            }
            file_write_all("$tmpdir/storage.cfg", $storage_cfg);

            run_command("chroot $targetdir /usr/bin/create_pmxcfs_db /tmp/pve /var/lib/pve-cluster/config.db");

            syscmd("rm -rf $tmpdir");
        } elsif ($iso_env->{product} eq 'pbs') {
            my $base_cfg_path = "/etc/proxmox-backup";
            mkdir "$targetdir/$base_cfg_path";

            chroot_chown($targetdir, $base_cfg_path, user => 'backup', recursive => 1);
            chroot_chmod($targetdir, $base_cfg_path, mode => '0700');

            my $user_cfg_fn = "$base_cfg_path/user.cfg";
            file_write_all("$targetdir/$user_cfg_fn", "user: root\@pam\n\temail ${mailto}\n");
            chroot_chown($targetdir, $user_cfg_fn, user => 'root', group => 'backup');
            chroot_chmod($targetdir, $user_cfg_fn, mode => '0640');
        }
    };

    my $err = $@;

    update_progress(1, 0, 1, "");

    print STDERR $err if $err && $err ne "\n";

    if (is_test_mode()) {
        my $elapsed = Time::HiRes::tv_interval($starttime);
        print STDERR "Elapsed extract time: $elapsed\n";

        syscmd("chroot $targetdir /usr/bin/dpkg-query -W --showformat='\${package}\n'> final.pkglist");
    }

    syscmd("umount $targetdir/run");
    syscmd("umount $targetdir/mnt/hostrun");
    syscmd("umount $targetdir/tmp/pkg");
    syscmd("umount $targetdir/tmp");
    syscmd("umount $targetdir/proc");
    syscmd("umount $targetdir/sys/firmware/efi/efivars");
    syscmd("umount $targetdir/sys");
    rmdir("$targetdir/mnt/hostrun");

    if ($use_zfs) {
        syscmd("zfs umount -a") == 0 ||
            die "unable to unmount zfs\n";
    } else {
        syscmd("umount -d $targetdir");
    }

    if (!$err && $use_zfs) {
        syscmd("zfs set sync=standard $zfs_pool_name") == 0 ||
            die "unable to set zfs properties\n";

        syscmd("zfs set mountpoint=/ $zfs_pool_name/ROOT/$zfs_root_volume_name") == 0 ||
            die "zfs set mountpoint failed\n";

        syscmd("zpool set bootfs=$zfs_pool_name/ROOT/$zfs_root_volume_name $zfs_pool_name") == 0 ||
            die "zpool set bootfs failed\n";
        syscmd("zpool export $zfs_pool_name");
    }

    if ($bootloader_err) {
        $err = $err && $err ne "\n" ? "$err\n$bootloader_err" : $bootloader_err;
    }

    die $err if $err;
}

1;