License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

[mirror_ubuntu-bionic-kernel.git] / arch / parisc / mm / init.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 *  linux/arch/parisc/mm/init.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
 *  Copyright 1999 SuSE GmbH
 *    changed by Philipp Rumpf
 *  Copyright 1999 Philipp Rumpf (prumpf@tux.org)
 *  Copyright 2004 Randolph Chung (tausq@debian.org)
 *  Copyright 2006-2007 Helge Deller (deller@gmx.de)
 *
 */


#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>          /* for hppa_dma_ops and pcxl_dma_ops */
#include <linux/initrd.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>     /* for node_online_map */
#include <linux/pagemap.h>      /* for release_pages */
#include <linux/compat.h>

#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/tlb.h>
#include <asm/pdc_chassis.h>
#include <asm/mmzone.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/msgbuf.h>

extern int  data_start;
extern void parisc_kernel_start(void);  /* Kernel entry point in head.S */

#if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS == 3
/* NOTE: This layout exactly conforms to the hybrid L2/L3 page table layout
 * with the first pmd adjacent to the pgd and below it. gcc doesn't actually
 * guarantee that global objects will be laid out in memory in the same order
 * as the order of declaration, so put these in different sections and use
 * the linker script to order them. */
pmd_t pmd0[PTRS_PER_PMD] __attribute__ ((__section__ (".data..vm0.pmd"), aligned(PAGE_SIZE)));
#endif

pgd_t swapper_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD] __attribute__ ((__section__ (".data..vm0.pgd"), aligned(PAGE_SIZE)));
pte_t pg0[PT_INITIAL * PTRS_PER_PTE] __attribute__ ((__section__ (".data..vm0.pte"), aligned(PAGE_SIZE)));

#ifdef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
struct node_map_data node_data[MAX_NUMNODES] __read_mostly;
signed char pfnnid_map[PFNNID_MAP_MAX] __read_mostly;
#endif

static struct resource data_resource = {
        .name   = "Kernel data",
        .flags  = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM,
};

static struct resource code_resource = {
        .name   = "Kernel code",
        .flags  = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM,
};

static struct resource pdcdata_resource = {
        .name   = "PDC data (Page Zero)",
        .start  = 0,
        .end    = 0x9ff,
        .flags  = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM,
};

static struct resource sysram_resources[MAX_PHYSMEM_RANGES] __read_mostly;

/* The following array is initialized from the firmware specific
 * information retrieved in kernel/inventory.c.
 */

physmem_range_t pmem_ranges[MAX_PHYSMEM_RANGES] __read_mostly;
int npmem_ranges __read_mostly;

/*
 * get_memblock() allocates pages via memblock.
 * We can't use memblock_find_in_range(0, KERNEL_INITIAL_SIZE) here since it
 * doesn't allocate from bottom to top which is needed because we only created
 * the initial mapping up to KERNEL_INITIAL_SIZE in the assembly bootup code.
 */
static void * __init get_memblock(unsigned long size)
{
        static phys_addr_t search_addr __initdata;
        phys_addr_t phys;

        if (!search_addr)
                search_addr = PAGE_ALIGN(__pa((unsigned long) &_end));
        search_addr = ALIGN(search_addr, size);
        while (!memblock_is_region_memory(search_addr, size) ||
                memblock_is_region_reserved(search_addr, size)) {
                search_addr += size;
        }
        phys = search_addr;

        if (phys)
                memblock_reserve(phys, size);
        else
                panic("get_memblock() failed.\n");

        memset(__va(phys), 0, size);

        return __va(phys);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
#define MAX_MEM         (~0UL)
#else /* !CONFIG_64BIT */
#define MAX_MEM         (3584U*1024U*1024U)
#endif /* !CONFIG_64BIT */

static unsigned long mem_limit __read_mostly = MAX_MEM;

static void __init mem_limit_func(void)
{
        char *cp, *end;
        unsigned long limit;

        /* We need this before __setup() functions are called */

        limit = MAX_MEM;
        for (cp = boot_command_line; *cp; ) {
                if (memcmp(cp, "mem=", 4) == 0) {
                        cp += 4;
                        limit = memparse(cp, &end);
                        if (end != cp)
                                break;
                        cp = end;
                } else {
                        while (*cp != ' ' && *cp)
                                ++cp;
                        while (*cp == ' ')
                                ++cp;
                }
        }

        if (limit < mem_limit)
                mem_limit = limit;
}

#define MAX_GAP (0x40000000UL >> PAGE_SHIFT)

static void __init setup_bootmem(void)
{
        unsigned long mem_max;
#ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
        physmem_range_t pmem_holes[MAX_PHYSMEM_RANGES - 1];
        int npmem_holes;
#endif
        int i, sysram_resource_count;

        disable_sr_hashing(); /* Turn off space register hashing */

        /*
         * Sort the ranges. Since the number of ranges is typically
         * small, and performance is not an issue here, just do
         * a simple insertion sort.
         */

        for (i = 1; i < npmem_ranges; i++) {
                int j;

                for (j = i; j > 0; j--) {
                        unsigned long tmp;

                        if (pmem_ranges[j-1].start_pfn <
                            pmem_ranges[j].start_pfn) {

                                break;
                        }
                        tmp = pmem_ranges[j-1].start_pfn;
                        pmem_ranges[j-1].start_pfn = pmem_ranges[j].start_pfn;
                        pmem_ranges[j].start_pfn = tmp;
                        tmp = pmem_ranges[j-1].pages;
                        pmem_ranges[j-1].pages = pmem_ranges[j].pages;
                        pmem_ranges[j].pages = tmp;
                }
        }

#ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
        /*
         * Throw out ranges that are too far apart (controlled by
         * MAX_GAP).
         */

        for (i = 1; i < npmem_ranges; i++) {
                if (pmem_ranges[i].start_pfn -
                        (pmem_ranges[i-1].start_pfn +
                         pmem_ranges[i-1].pages) > MAX_GAP) {
                        npmem_ranges = i;
                        printk("Large gap in memory detected (%ld pages). "
                               "Consider turning on CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM\n",
                               pmem_ranges[i].start_pfn -
                               (pmem_ranges[i-1].start_pfn +
                                pmem_ranges[i-1].pages));
                        break;
                }
        }
#endif

        /* Print the memory ranges */
        pr_info("Memory Ranges:\n");

        for (i = 0; i < npmem_ranges; i++) {
                struct resource *res = &sysram_resources[i];
                unsigned long start;
                unsigned long size;

                size = (pmem_ranges[i].pages << PAGE_SHIFT);
                start = (pmem_ranges[i].start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
                pr_info("%2d) Start 0x%016lx End 0x%016lx Size %6ld MB\n",
                        i, start, start + (size - 1), size >> 20);

                /* request memory resource */
                res->name = "System RAM";
                res->start = start;
                res->end = start + size - 1;
                res->flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
                request_resource(&iomem_resource, res);
        }

        sysram_resource_count = npmem_ranges;

        /*
         * For 32 bit kernels we limit the amount of memory we can
         * support, in order to preserve enough kernel address space
         * for other purposes. For 64 bit kernels we don't normally
         * limit the memory, but this mechanism can be used to
         * artificially limit the amount of memory (and it is written
         * to work with multiple memory ranges).
         */

        mem_limit_func();       /* check for "mem=" argument */

        mem_max = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < npmem_ranges; i++) {
                unsigned long rsize;

                rsize = pmem_ranges[i].pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
                if ((mem_max + rsize) > mem_limit) {
                        printk(KERN_WARNING "Memory truncated to %ld MB\n", mem_limit >> 20);
                        if (mem_max == mem_limit)
                                npmem_ranges = i;
                        else {
                                pmem_ranges[i].pages =   (mem_limit >> PAGE_SHIFT)
                                                       - (mem_max >> PAGE_SHIFT);
                                npmem_ranges = i + 1;
                                mem_max = mem_limit;
                        }
                        break;
                }
                mem_max += rsize;
        }

        printk(KERN_INFO "Total Memory: %ld MB\n",mem_max >> 20);

#ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
        /* Merge the ranges, keeping track of the holes */

        {
                unsigned long end_pfn;
                unsigned long hole_pages;

                npmem_holes = 0;
                end_pfn = pmem_ranges[0].start_pfn + pmem_ranges[0].pages;
                for (i = 1; i < npmem_ranges; i++) {

                        hole_pages = pmem_ranges[i].start_pfn - end_pfn;
                        if (hole_pages) {
                                pmem_holes[npmem_holes].start_pfn = end_pfn;
                                pmem_holes[npmem_holes++].pages = hole_pages;
                                end_pfn += hole_pages;
                        }
                        end_pfn += pmem_ranges[i].pages;
                }

                pmem_ranges[0].pages = end_pfn - pmem_ranges[0].start_pfn;
                npmem_ranges = 1;
        }
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_PHYSMEM_RANGES; i++) {
                memset(NODE_DATA(i), 0, sizeof(pg_data_t));
        }
        memset(pfnnid_map, 0xff, sizeof(pfnnid_map));

        for (i = 0; i < npmem_ranges; i++) {
                node_set_state(i, N_NORMAL_MEMORY);
                node_set_online(i);
        }
#endif

        /*
         * Initialize and free the full range of memory in each range.
         */

        max_pfn = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < npmem_ranges; i++) {
                unsigned long start_pfn;
                unsigned long npages;
                unsigned long start;
                unsigned long size;

                start_pfn = pmem_ranges[i].start_pfn;
                npages = pmem_ranges[i].pages;

                start = start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
                size = npages << PAGE_SHIFT;

                /* add system RAM memblock */
                memblock_add(start, size);

                if ((start_pfn + npages) > max_pfn)
                        max_pfn = start_pfn + npages;
        }

        /* IOMMU is always used to access "high mem" on those boxes
         * that can support enough mem that a PCI device couldn't
         * directly DMA to any physical addresses.
         * ISA DMA support will need to revisit this.
         */
        max_low_pfn = max_pfn;

        /* reserve PAGE0 pdc memory, kernel text/data/bss & bootmap */

#define PDC_CONSOLE_IO_IODC_SIZE 32768

        memblock_reserve(0UL, (unsigned long)(PAGE0->mem_free +
                                PDC_CONSOLE_IO_IODC_SIZE));
        memblock_reserve(__pa(KERNEL_BINARY_TEXT_START),
                        (unsigned long)(_end - KERNEL_BINARY_TEXT_START));

#ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM

        /* reserve the holes */

        for (i = 0; i < npmem_holes; i++) {
                memblock_reserve((pmem_holes[i].start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT),
                                (pmem_holes[i].pages << PAGE_SHIFT));
        }
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
        if (initrd_start) {
                printk(KERN_INFO "initrd: %08lx-%08lx\n", initrd_start, initrd_end);
                if (__pa(initrd_start) < mem_max) {
                        unsigned long initrd_reserve;

                        if (__pa(initrd_end) > mem_max) {
                                initrd_reserve = mem_max - __pa(initrd_start);
                        } else {
                                initrd_reserve = initrd_end - initrd_start;
                        }
                        initrd_below_start_ok = 1;
                        printk(KERN_INFO "initrd: reserving %08lx-%08lx (mem_max %08lx)\n", __pa(initrd_start), __pa(initrd_start) + initrd_reserve, mem_max);

                        memblock_reserve(__pa(initrd_start), initrd_reserve);
                }
        }
#endif

        data_resource.start =  virt_to_phys(&data_start);
        data_resource.end = virt_to_phys(_end) - 1;
        code_resource.start = virt_to_phys(_text);
        code_resource.end = virt_to_phys(&data_start)-1;

        /* We don't know which region the kernel will be in, so try
         * all of them.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < sysram_resource_count; i++) {
                struct resource *res = &sysram_resources[i];
                request_resource(res, &code_resource);
                request_resource(res, &data_resource);
        }
        request_resource(&sysram_resources[0], &pdcdata_resource);

        /* Initialize Page Deallocation Table (PDT) and check for bad memory. */
        pdc_pdt_init();
}

static int __init parisc_text_address(unsigned long vaddr)
{
        static unsigned long head_ptr __initdata;

        if (!head_ptr)
                head_ptr = PAGE_MASK & (unsigned long)
                        dereference_function_descriptor(&parisc_kernel_start);

        return core_kernel_text(vaddr) || vaddr == head_ptr;
}

static void __init map_pages(unsigned long start_vaddr,
                             unsigned long start_paddr, unsigned long size,
                             pgprot_t pgprot, int force)
{
        pgd_t *pg_dir;
        pmd_t *pmd;
        pte_t *pg_table;
        unsigned long end_paddr;
        unsigned long start_pmd;
        unsigned long start_pte;
        unsigned long tmp1;
        unsigned long tmp2;
        unsigned long address;
        unsigned long vaddr;
        unsigned long ro_start;
        unsigned long ro_end;
        unsigned long kernel_end;

        ro_start = __pa((unsigned long)_text);
        ro_end   = __pa((unsigned long)&data_start);
        kernel_end  = __pa((unsigned long)&_end);

        end_paddr = start_paddr + size;

        pg_dir = pgd_offset_k(start_vaddr);

#if PTRS_PER_PMD == 1
        start_pmd = 0;
#else
        start_pmd = ((start_vaddr >> PMD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PMD - 1));
#endif
        start_pte = ((start_vaddr >> PAGE_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PTE - 1));

        address = start_paddr;
        vaddr = start_vaddr;
        while (address < end_paddr) {
#if PTRS_PER_PMD == 1
                pmd = (pmd_t *)__pa(pg_dir);
#else
                pmd = (pmd_t *)pgd_address(*pg_dir);

                /*
                 * pmd is physical at this point
                 */

                if (!pmd) {
                        pmd = (pmd_t *) get_memblock(PAGE_SIZE << PMD_ORDER);
                        pmd = (pmd_t *) __pa(pmd);
                }

                pgd_populate(NULL, pg_dir, __va(pmd));
#endif
                pg_dir++;

                /* now change pmd to kernel virtual addresses */

                pmd = (pmd_t *)__va(pmd) + start_pmd;
                for (tmp1 = start_pmd; tmp1 < PTRS_PER_PMD; tmp1++, pmd++) {

                        /*
                         * pg_table is physical at this point
                         */

                        pg_table = (pte_t *)pmd_address(*pmd);
                        if (!pg_table) {
                                pg_table = (pte_t *) get_memblock(PAGE_SIZE);
                                pg_table = (pte_t *) __pa(pg_table);
                        }

                        pmd_populate_kernel(NULL, pmd, __va(pg_table));

                        /* now change pg_table to kernel virtual addresses */

                        pg_table = (pte_t *) __va(pg_table) + start_pte;
                        for (tmp2 = start_pte; tmp2 < PTRS_PER_PTE; tmp2++, pg_table++) {
                                pte_t pte;

                                if (force)
                                        pte =  __mk_pte(address, pgprot);
                                else if (parisc_text_address(vaddr)) {
                                        pte = __mk_pte(address, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
                                        if (address >= ro_start && address < kernel_end)
                                                pte = pte_mkhuge(pte);
                                }
                                else
#if defined(CONFIG_PARISC_PAGE_SIZE_4KB)
                                if (address >= ro_start && address < ro_end) {
                                        pte = __mk_pte(address, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
                                        pte = pte_mkhuge(pte);
                                } else
#endif
                                {
                                        pte = __mk_pte(address, pgprot);
                                        if (address >= ro_start && address < kernel_end)
                                                pte = pte_mkhuge(pte);
                                }

                                if (address >= end_paddr) {
                                        if (force)
                                                break;
                                        else
                                                pte_val(pte) = 0;
                                }

                                set_pte(pg_table, pte);

                                address += PAGE_SIZE;
                                vaddr += PAGE_SIZE;
                        }
                        start_pte = 0;

                        if (address >= end_paddr)
                            break;
                }
                start_pmd = 0;
        }
}

void free_initmem(void)
{
        unsigned long init_begin = (unsigned long)__init_begin;
        unsigned long init_end = (unsigned long)__init_end;

        /* The init text pages are marked R-X.  We have to
         * flush the icache and mark them RW-
         *
         * This is tricky, because map_pages is in the init section.
         * Do a dummy remap of the data section first (the data
         * section is already PAGE_KERNEL) to pull in the TLB entries
         * for map_kernel */
        map_pages(init_begin, __pa(init_begin), init_end - init_begin,
                  PAGE_KERNEL_RWX, 1);
        /* now remap at PAGE_KERNEL since the TLB is pre-primed to execute
         * map_pages */
        map_pages(init_begin, __pa(init_begin), init_end - init_begin,
                  PAGE_KERNEL, 1);

        /* force the kernel to see the new TLB entries */
        __flush_tlb_range(0, init_begin, init_end);

        /* finally dump all the instructions which were cached, since the
         * pages are no-longer executable */
        flush_icache_range(init_begin, init_end);
        
        free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM);

        /* set up a new led state on systems shipped LED State panel */
        pdc_chassis_send_status(PDC_CHASSIS_DIRECT_BCOMPLETE);
}


#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
void mark_rodata_ro(void)
{
        /* rodata memory was already mapped with KERNEL_RO access rights by
           pagetable_init() and map_pages(). No need to do additional stuff here */
        printk (KERN_INFO "Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
                (unsigned long)(__end_rodata - __start_rodata) >> 10);
}
#endif


/*
 * Just an arbitrary offset to serve as a "hole" between mapping areas
 * (between top of physical memory and a potential pcxl dma mapping
 * area, and below the vmalloc mapping area).
 *
 * The current 32K value just means that there will be a 32K "hole"
 * between mapping areas. That means that  any out-of-bounds memory
 * accesses will hopefully be caught. The vmalloc() routines leaves
 * a hole of 4kB between each vmalloced area for the same reason.
 */

 /* Leave room for gateway page expansion */
#if KERNEL_MAP_START < GATEWAY_PAGE_SIZE
#error KERNEL_MAP_START is in gateway reserved region
#endif
#define MAP_START (KERNEL_MAP_START)

#define VM_MAP_OFFSET  (32*1024)
#define SET_MAP_OFFSET(x) ((void *)(((unsigned long)(x) + VM_MAP_OFFSET) \
                                     & ~(VM_MAP_OFFSET-1)))

void *parisc_vmalloc_start __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(parisc_vmalloc_start);

#ifdef CONFIG_PA11
unsigned long pcxl_dma_start __read_mostly;
#endif

void __init mem_init(void)
{
        /* Do sanity checks on IPC (compat) structures */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct ipc64_perm) != 48);
#ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct semid64_ds) != 80);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct msqid64_ds) != 104);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct shmid64_ds) != 104);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct compat_ipc64_perm) != sizeof(struct ipc64_perm));
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct compat_semid64_ds) != 80);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct compat_msqid64_ds) != 104);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct compat_shmid64_ds) != 104);
#endif

        /* Do sanity checks on page table constants */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(PTE_ENTRY_SIZE != sizeof(pte_t));
        BUILD_BUG_ON(PMD_ENTRY_SIZE != sizeof(pmd_t));
        BUILD_BUG_ON(PGD_ENTRY_SIZE != sizeof(pgd_t));
        BUILD_BUG_ON(PAGE_SHIFT + BITS_PER_PTE + BITS_PER_PMD + BITS_PER_PGD
                        > BITS_PER_LONG);

        high_memory = __va((max_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT));
        set_max_mapnr(page_to_pfn(virt_to_page(high_memory - 1)) + 1);
        free_all_bootmem();

#ifdef CONFIG_PA11
        if (hppa_dma_ops == &pcxl_dma_ops) {
                pcxl_dma_start = (unsigned long)SET_MAP_OFFSET(MAP_START);
                parisc_vmalloc_start = SET_MAP_OFFSET(pcxl_dma_start
                                                + PCXL_DMA_MAP_SIZE);
        } else {
                pcxl_dma_start = 0;
                parisc_vmalloc_start = SET_MAP_OFFSET(MAP_START);
        }
#else
        parisc_vmalloc_start = SET_MAP_OFFSET(MAP_START);
#endif

        mem_init_print_info(NULL);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL /* double-sanity-check paranoia */
        printk("virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
               "    vmalloc : 0x%p - 0x%p   (%4ld MB)\n"
               "    memory  : 0x%p - 0x%p   (%4ld MB)\n"
               "      .init : 0x%p - 0x%p   (%4ld kB)\n"
               "      .data : 0x%p - 0x%p   (%4ld kB)\n"
               "      .text : 0x%p - 0x%p   (%4ld kB)\n",

               (void*)VMALLOC_START, (void*)VMALLOC_END,
               (VMALLOC_END - VMALLOC_START) >> 20,

               __va(0), high_memory,
               ((unsigned long)high_memory - (unsigned long)__va(0)) >> 20,

               __init_begin, __init_end,
               ((unsigned long)__init_end - (unsigned long)__init_begin) >> 10,

               _etext, _edata,
               ((unsigned long)_edata - (unsigned long)_etext) >> 10,

               _text, _etext,
               ((unsigned long)_etext - (unsigned long)_text) >> 10);
#endif
}

unsigned long *empty_zero_page __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page);

/*
 * pagetable_init() sets up the page tables
 *
 * Note that gateway_init() places the Linux gateway page at page 0.
 * Since gateway pages cannot be dereferenced this has the desirable
 * side effect of trapping those pesky NULL-reference errors in the
 * kernel.
 */
static void __init pagetable_init(void)
{
        int range;

        /* Map each physical memory range to its kernel vaddr */

        for (range = 0; range < npmem_ranges; range++) {
                unsigned long start_paddr;
                unsigned long end_paddr;
                unsigned long size;

                start_paddr = pmem_ranges[range].start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
                size = pmem_ranges[range].pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
                end_paddr = start_paddr + size;

                map_pages((unsigned long)__va(start_paddr), start_paddr,
                          size, PAGE_KERNEL, 0);
        }

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
        if (initrd_end && initrd_end > mem_limit) {
                printk(KERN_INFO "initrd: mapping %08lx-%08lx\n", initrd_start, initrd_end);
                map_pages(initrd_start, __pa(initrd_start),
                          initrd_end - initrd_start, PAGE_KERNEL, 0);
        }
#endif

        empty_zero_page = get_memblock(PAGE_SIZE);
}

static void __init gateway_init(void)
{
        unsigned long linux_gateway_page_addr;
        /* FIXME: This is 'const' in order to trick the compiler
           into not treating it as DP-relative data. */
        extern void * const linux_gateway_page;

        linux_gateway_page_addr = LINUX_GATEWAY_ADDR & PAGE_MASK;

        /*
         * Setup Linux Gateway page.
         *
         * The Linux gateway page will reside in kernel space (on virtual
         * page 0), so it doesn't need to be aliased into user space.
         */

        map_pages(linux_gateway_page_addr, __pa(&linux_gateway_page),
                  PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_GATEWAY, 1);
}

void __init paging_init(void)
{
        int i;

        setup_bootmem();
        pagetable_init();
        gateway_init();
        flush_cache_all_local(); /* start with known state */
        flush_tlb_all_local(NULL);

        for (i = 0; i < npmem_ranges; i++) {
                unsigned long zones_size[MAX_NR_ZONES] = { 0, };

                zones_size[ZONE_NORMAL] = pmem_ranges[i].pages;

#ifdef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
                /* Need to initialize the pfnnid_map before we can initialize
                   the zone */
                {
                    int j;
                    for (j = (pmem_ranges[i].start_pfn >> PFNNID_SHIFT);
                         j <= ((pmem_ranges[i].start_pfn + pmem_ranges[i].pages) >> PFNNID_SHIFT);
                         j++) {
                        pfnnid_map[j] = i;
                    }
                }
#endif

                free_area_init_node(i, zones_size,
                                pmem_ranges[i].start_pfn, NULL);
        }
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PA20

/*
 * Currently, all PA20 chips have 18 bit protection IDs, which is the
 * limiting factor (space ids are 32 bits).
 */

#define NR_SPACE_IDS 262144

#else

/*
 * Currently we have a one-to-one relationship between space IDs and
 * protection IDs. Older parisc chips (PCXS, PCXT, PCXL, PCXL2) only
 * support 15 bit protection IDs, so that is the limiting factor.
 * PCXT' has 18 bit protection IDs, but only 16 bit spaceids, so it's
 * probably not worth the effort for a special case here.
 */

#define NR_SPACE_IDS 32768

#endif  /* !CONFIG_PA20 */

#define RECYCLE_THRESHOLD (NR_SPACE_IDS / 2)
#define SID_ARRAY_SIZE  (NR_SPACE_IDS / (8 * sizeof(long)))

static unsigned long space_id[SID_ARRAY_SIZE] = { 1 }; /* disallow space 0 */
static unsigned long dirty_space_id[SID_ARRAY_SIZE];
static unsigned long space_id_index;
static unsigned long free_space_ids = NR_SPACE_IDS - 1;
static unsigned long dirty_space_ids = 0;

static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(sid_lock);

unsigned long alloc_sid(void)
{
        unsigned long index;

        spin_lock(&sid_lock);

        if (free_space_ids == 0) {
                if (dirty_space_ids != 0) {
                        spin_unlock(&sid_lock);
                        flush_tlb_all(); /* flush_tlb_all() calls recycle_sids() */
                        spin_lock(&sid_lock);
                }
                BUG_ON(free_space_ids == 0);
        }

        free_space_ids--;

        index = find_next_zero_bit(space_id, NR_SPACE_IDS, space_id_index);
        space_id[index >> SHIFT_PER_LONG] |= (1L << (index & (BITS_PER_LONG - 1)));
        space_id_index = index;

        spin_unlock(&sid_lock);

        return index << SPACEID_SHIFT;
}

void free_sid(unsigned long spaceid)
{
        unsigned long index = spaceid >> SPACEID_SHIFT;
        unsigned long *dirty_space_offset;

        dirty_space_offset = dirty_space_id + (index >> SHIFT_PER_LONG);
        index &= (BITS_PER_LONG - 1);

        spin_lock(&sid_lock);

        BUG_ON(*dirty_space_offset & (1L << index)); /* attempt to free space id twice */

        *dirty_space_offset |= (1L << index);
        dirty_space_ids++;

        spin_unlock(&sid_lock);
}


#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static void get_dirty_sids(unsigned long *ndirtyptr,unsigned long *dirty_array)
{
        int i;

        /* NOTE: sid_lock must be held upon entry */

        *ndirtyptr = dirty_space_ids;
        if (dirty_space_ids != 0) {
            for (i = 0; i < SID_ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
                dirty_array[i] = dirty_space_id[i];
                dirty_space_id[i] = 0;
            }
            dirty_space_ids = 0;
        }

        return;
}

static void recycle_sids(unsigned long ndirty,unsigned long *dirty_array)
{
        int i;

        /* NOTE: sid_lock must be held upon entry */

        if (ndirty != 0) {
                for (i = 0; i < SID_ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
                        space_id[i] ^= dirty_array[i];
                }

                free_space_ids += ndirty;
                space_id_index = 0;
        }
}

#else /* CONFIG_SMP */

static void recycle_sids(void)
{
        int i;

        /* NOTE: sid_lock must be held upon entry */

        if (dirty_space_ids != 0) {
                for (i = 0; i < SID_ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
                        space_id[i] ^= dirty_space_id[i];
                        dirty_space_id[i] = 0;
                }

                free_space_ids += dirty_space_ids;
                dirty_space_ids = 0;
                space_id_index = 0;
        }
}
#endif

/*
 * flush_tlb_all() calls recycle_sids(), since whenever the entire tlb is
 * purged, we can safely reuse the space ids that were released but
 * not flushed from the tlb.
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

static unsigned long recycle_ndirty;
static unsigned long recycle_dirty_array[SID_ARRAY_SIZE];
static unsigned int recycle_inuse;

void flush_tlb_all(void)
{
        int do_recycle;

        __inc_irq_stat(irq_tlb_count);
        do_recycle = 0;
        spin_lock(&sid_lock);
        if (dirty_space_ids > RECYCLE_THRESHOLD) {
            BUG_ON(recycle_inuse);  /* FIXME: Use a semaphore/wait queue here */
            get_dirty_sids(&recycle_ndirty,recycle_dirty_array);
            recycle_inuse++;
            do_recycle++;
        }
        spin_unlock(&sid_lock);
        on_each_cpu(flush_tlb_all_local, NULL, 1);
        if (do_recycle) {
            spin_lock(&sid_lock);
            recycle_sids(recycle_ndirty,recycle_dirty_array);
            recycle_inuse = 0;
            spin_unlock(&sid_lock);
        }
}
#else
void flush_tlb_all(void)
{
        __inc_irq_stat(irq_tlb_count);
        spin_lock(&sid_lock);
        flush_tlb_all_local(NULL);
        recycle_sids();
        spin_unlock(&sid_lock);
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
        free_reserved_area((void *)start, (void *)end, -1, "initrd");
}
#endif