arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/opt.c

   1 /*
   2  *  Kernel Probes Jump Optimization (Optprobes)
   3  *
   4  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   5  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   6  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   7  * (at your option) any later version.
   8  *
   9  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  12  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  13  *
  14  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  15  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  16  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  17  *
  18  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004
  19  * Copyright (C) Hitachi Ltd., 2012
  20  */
  21 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
  22 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
  23 #include <linux/string.h>
  24 #include <linux/slab.h>
  25 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
  26 #include <linux/preempt.h>
  27 #include <linux/module.h>
  28 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
  29 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
  30 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
  31
  32 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
  33 #include <asm/desc.h>
  34 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
  35 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
  36 #include <asm/alternative.h>
  37 #include <asm/insn.h>
  38 #include <asm/debugreg.h>
  39
  40 #include "common.h"
  41
  42 unsigned long __recover_optprobed_insn(kprobe_opcode_t *buf, unsigned long addr)
  43 {
  44         struct optimized_kprobe *op;
  45         struct kprobe *kp;
  46         long offs;
  47         int i;
  48
  49         for (i = 0; i < RELATIVEJUMP_SIZE; i++) {
  50                 kp = get_kprobe((void *)addr - i);
  51                 /* This function only handles jump-optimized kprobe */
  52                 if (kp && kprobe_optimized(kp)) {
  53                         op = container_of(kp, struct optimized_kprobe, kp);
  54                         /* If op->list is not empty, op is under optimizing */
  55                         if (list_empty(&op->list))
  56                                 goto found;
  57                 }
  58         }
  59
  60         return addr;
  61 found:
  62         /*
  63          * If the kprobe can be optimized, original bytes which can be
  64          * overwritten by jump destination address. In this case, original
  65          * bytes must be recovered from op->optinsn.copied_insn buffer.
  66          */
  67         memcpy(buf, (void *)addr, MAX_INSN_SIZE * sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
  68         if (addr == (unsigned long)kp->addr) {
  69                 buf[0] = kp->opcode;
  70                 memcpy(buf + 1, op->optinsn.copied_insn, RELATIVE_ADDR_SIZE);
  71         } else {
  72                 offs = addr - (unsigned long)kp->addr - 1;
  73                 memcpy(buf, op->optinsn.copied_insn + offs, RELATIVE_ADDR_SIZE - offs);
  74         }
  75
  76         return (unsigned long)buf;
  77 }
  78
  79 /* Insert a move instruction which sets a pointer to eax/rdi (1st arg). */
  80 static void synthesize_set_arg1(kprobe_opcode_t *addr, unsigned long val)
  81 {
  82 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
  83         *addr++ = 0x48;
  84         *addr++ = 0xbf;
  85 #else
  86         *addr++ = 0xb8;
  87 #endif
  88         *(unsigned long *)addr = val;
  89 }
  90
  91 asm (
  92                         ".global optprobe_template_entry\n"
  93                         "optprobe_template_entry:\n"
  94 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
  95                         /* We don't bother saving the ss register */
  96                         "       pushq %rsp\n"
  97                         "       pushfq\n"
  98                         SAVE_REGS_STRING
  99                         "       movq %rsp, %rsi\n"
 100                         ".global optprobe_template_val\n"
 101                         "optprobe_template_val:\n"
 102                         ASM_NOP5
 103                         ASM_NOP5
 104                         ".global optprobe_template_call\n"
 105                         "optprobe_template_call:\n"
 106                         ASM_NOP5
 107                         /* Move flags to rsp */
 108                         "       movq 144(%rsp), %rdx\n"
 109                         "       movq %rdx, 152(%rsp)\n"
 110                         RESTORE_REGS_STRING
 111                         /* Skip flags entry */
 112                         "       addq $8, %rsp\n"
 113                         "       popfq\n"
 114 #else /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
 115                         "       pushf\n"
 116                         SAVE_REGS_STRING
 117                         "       movl %esp, %edx\n"
 118                         ".global optprobe_template_val\n"
 119                         "optprobe_template_val:\n"
 120                         ASM_NOP5
 121                         ".global optprobe_template_call\n"
 122                         "optprobe_template_call:\n"
 123                         ASM_NOP5
 124                         RESTORE_REGS_STRING
 125                         "       addl $4, %esp\n"        /* skip cs */
 126                         "       popf\n"
 127 #endif
 128                         ".global optprobe_template_end\n"
 129                         "optprobe_template_end:\n");
 130
 131 #define TMPL_MOVE_IDX \
 132         ((long)&optprobe_template_val - (long)&optprobe_template_entry)
 133 #define TMPL_CALL_IDX \
 134         ((long)&optprobe_template_call - (long)&optprobe_template_entry)
 135 #define TMPL_END_IDX \
 136         ((long)&optprobe_template_end - (long)&optprobe_template_entry)
 137
 138 #define INT3_SIZE sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t)
 139
 140 /* Optimized kprobe call back function: called from optinsn */
 141 static void
 142 optimized_callback(struct optimized_kprobe *op, struct pt_regs *regs)
 143 {
 144         struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
 145         unsigned long flags;
 146
 147         /* This is possible if op is under delayed unoptimizing */
 148         if (kprobe_disabled(&op->kp))
 149                 return;
 150
 151         local_irq_save(flags);
 152         if (kprobe_running()) {
 153                 kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(&op->kp);
 154         } else {
 155                 /* Save skipped registers */
 156 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 157                 regs->cs = __KERNEL_CS;
 158 #else
 159                 regs->cs = __KERNEL_CS | get_kernel_rpl();
 160                 regs->gs = 0;
 161 #endif
 162                 regs->ip = (unsigned long)op->kp.addr + INT3_SIZE;
 163                 regs->orig_ax = ~0UL;
 164
 165                 __this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, &op->kp);
 166                 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;
 167                 opt_pre_handler(&op->kp, regs);
 168                 __this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, NULL);
 169         }
 170         local_irq_restore(flags);
 171 }
 172 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(optimized_callback);
 173
 174 static int copy_optimized_instructions(u8 *dest, u8 *src)
 175 {
 176         int len = 0, ret;
 177
 178         while (len < RELATIVEJUMP_SIZE) {
 179                 ret = __copy_instruction(dest + len, src + len);
 180                 if (!ret || !can_boost(dest + len))
 181                         return -EINVAL;
 182                 len += ret;
 183         }
 184         /* Check whether the address range is reserved */
 185         if (ftrace_text_reserved(src, src + len - 1) ||
 186             alternatives_text_reserved(src, src + len - 1) ||
 187             jump_label_text_reserved(src, src + len - 1))
 188                 return -EBUSY;
 189
 190         return len;
 191 }
 192
 193 /* Check whether insn is indirect jump */
 194 static int insn_is_indirect_jump(struct insn *insn)
 195 {
 196         return ((insn->opcode.bytes[0] == 0xff &&
 197                 (X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.value) & 6) == 4) || /* Jump */
 198                 insn->opcode.bytes[0] == 0xea); /* Segment based jump */
 199 }
 200
 201 /* Check whether insn jumps into specified address range */
 202 static int insn_jump_into_range(struct insn *insn, unsigned long start, int len)
 203 {
 204         unsigned long target = 0;
 205
 206         switch (insn->opcode.bytes[0]) {
 207         case 0xe0:      /* loopne */
 208         case 0xe1:      /* loope */
 209         case 0xe2:      /* loop */
 210         case 0xe3:      /* jcxz */
 211         case 0xe9:      /* near relative jump */
 212         case 0xeb:      /* short relative jump */
 213                 break;
 214         case 0x0f:
 215                 if ((insn->opcode.bytes[1] & 0xf0) == 0x80) /* jcc near */
 216                         break;
 217                 return 0;
 218         default:
 219                 if ((insn->opcode.bytes[0] & 0xf0) == 0x70) /* jcc short */
 220                         break;
 221                 return 0;
 222         }
 223         target = (unsigned long)insn->next_byte + insn->immediate.value;
 224
 225         return (start <= target && target <= start + len);
 226 }
 227
 228 /* Decode whole function to ensure any instructions don't jump into target */
 229 static int can_optimize(unsigned long paddr)
 230 {
 231         unsigned long addr, size = 0, offset = 0;
 232         struct insn insn;
 233         kprobe_opcode_t buf[MAX_INSN_SIZE];
 234
 235         /* Lookup symbol including addr */
 236         if (!kallsyms_lookup_size_offset(paddr, &size, &offset))
 237                 return 0;
 238
 239         /*
 240          * Do not optimize in the entry code due to the unstable
 241          * stack handling.
 242          */
 243         if ((paddr >= (unsigned long)__entry_text_start) &&
 244             (paddr <  (unsigned long)__entry_text_end))
 245                 return 0;
 246
 247         /* Check there is enough space for a relative jump. */
 248         if (size - offset < RELATIVEJUMP_SIZE)
 249                 return 0;
 250
 251         /* Decode instructions */
 252         addr = paddr - offset;
 253         while (addr < paddr - offset + size) { /* Decode until function end */
 254                 if (search_exception_tables(addr))
 255                         /*
 256                          * Since some fixup code will jumps into this function,
 257                          * we can't optimize kprobe in this function.
 258                          */
 259                         return 0;
 260                 kernel_insn_init(&insn, (void *)recover_probed_instruction(buf, addr));
 261                 insn_get_length(&insn);
 262                 /* Another subsystem puts a breakpoint */
 263                 if (insn.opcode.bytes[0] == BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION)
 264                         return 0;
 265                 /* Recover address */
 266                 insn.kaddr = (void *)addr;
 267                 insn.next_byte = (void *)(addr + insn.length);
 268                 /* Check any instructions don't jump into target */
 269                 if (insn_is_indirect_jump(&insn) ||
 270                     insn_jump_into_range(&insn, paddr + INT3_SIZE,
 271                                          RELATIVE_ADDR_SIZE))
 272                         return 0;
 273                 addr += insn.length;
 274         }
 275
 276         return 1;
 277 }
 278
 279 /* Check optimized_kprobe can actually be optimized. */
 280 int arch_check_optimized_kprobe(struct optimized_kprobe *op)
 281 {
 282         int i;
 283         struct kprobe *p;
 284
 285         for (i = 1; i < op->optinsn.size; i++) {
 286                 p = get_kprobe(op->kp.addr + i);
 287                 if (p && !kprobe_disabled(p))
 288                         return -EEXIST;
 289         }
 290
 291         return 0;
 292 }
 293
 294 /* Check the addr is within the optimized instructions. */
 295 int arch_within_optimized_kprobe(struct optimized_kprobe *op,
 296                                  unsigned long addr)
 297 {
 298         return ((unsigned long)op->kp.addr <= addr &&
 299                 (unsigned long)op->kp.addr + op->optinsn.size > addr);
 300 }
 301
 302 /* Free optimized instruction slot */
 303 static
 304 void __arch_remove_optimized_kprobe(struct optimized_kprobe *op, int dirty)
 305 {
 306         if (op->optinsn.insn) {
 307                 free_optinsn_slot(op->optinsn.insn, dirty);
 308                 op->optinsn.insn = NULL;
 309                 op->optinsn.size = 0;
 310         }
 311 }
 312
 313 void arch_remove_optimized_kprobe(struct optimized_kprobe *op)
 314 {
 315         __arch_remove_optimized_kprobe(op, 1);
 316 }
 317
 318 /*
 319  * Copy replacing target instructions
 320  * Target instructions MUST be relocatable (checked inside)
 321  * This is called when new aggr(opt)probe is allocated or reused.
 322  */
 323 int arch_prepare_optimized_kprobe(struct optimized_kprobe *op)
 324 {
 325         u8 *buf;
 326         int ret;
 327         long rel;
 328
 329         if (!can_optimize((unsigned long)op->kp.addr))
 330                 return -EILSEQ;
 331
 332         op->optinsn.insn = get_optinsn_slot();
 333         if (!op->optinsn.insn)
 334                 return -ENOMEM;
 335
 336         /*
 337          * Verify if the address gap is in 2GB range, because this uses
 338          * a relative jump.
 339          */
 340         rel = (long)op->optinsn.insn - (long)op->kp.addr + RELATIVEJUMP_SIZE;
 341         if (abs(rel) > 0x7fffffff) {
 342                 __arch_remove_optimized_kprobe(op, 0);
 343                 return -ERANGE;
 344         }
 345
 346         buf = (u8 *)op->optinsn.insn;
 347
 348         /* Copy instructions into the out-of-line buffer */
 349         ret = copy_optimized_instructions(buf + TMPL_END_IDX, op->kp.addr);
 350         if (ret < 0) {
 351                 __arch_remove_optimized_kprobe(op, 0);
 352                 return ret;
 353         }
 354         op->optinsn.size = ret;
 355
 356         /* Copy arch-dep-instance from template */
 357         memcpy(buf, &optprobe_template_entry, TMPL_END_IDX);
 358
 359         /* Set probe information */
 360         synthesize_set_arg1(buf + TMPL_MOVE_IDX, (unsigned long)op);
 361
 362         /* Set probe function call */
 363         synthesize_relcall(buf + TMPL_CALL_IDX, optimized_callback);
 364
 365         /* Set returning jmp instruction at the tail of out-of-line buffer */
 366         synthesize_reljump(buf + TMPL_END_IDX + op->optinsn.size,
 367                            (u8 *)op->kp.addr + op->optinsn.size);
 368
 369         flush_icache_range((unsigned long) buf,
 370                            (unsigned long) buf + TMPL_END_IDX +
 371                            op->optinsn.size + RELATIVEJUMP_SIZE);
 372         return 0;
 373 }
 374
 375 /*
 376  * Replace breakpoints (int3) with relative jumps.
 377  * Caller must call with locking kprobe_mutex and text_mutex.
 378  */
 379 void arch_optimize_kprobes(struct list_head *oplist)
 380 {
 381         struct optimized_kprobe *op, *tmp;
 382         u8 insn_buf[RELATIVEJUMP_SIZE];
 383
 384         list_for_each_entry_safe(op, tmp, oplist, list) {
 385                 s32 rel = (s32)((long)op->optinsn.insn -
 386                         ((long)op->kp.addr + RELATIVEJUMP_SIZE));
 387
 388                 WARN_ON(kprobe_disabled(&op->kp));
 389
 390                 /* Backup instructions which will be replaced by jump address */
 391                 memcpy(op->optinsn.copied_insn, op->kp.addr + INT3_SIZE,
 392                        RELATIVE_ADDR_SIZE);
 393
 394                 insn_buf[0] = RELATIVEJUMP_OPCODE;
 395                 *(s32 *)(&insn_buf[1]) = rel;
 396
 397                 text_poke_bp(op->kp.addr, insn_buf, RELATIVEJUMP_SIZE,
 398                              op->optinsn.insn);
 399
 400                 list_del_init(&op->list);
 401         }
 402 }
 403
 404 /* Replace a relative jump with a breakpoint (int3).  */
 405 void arch_unoptimize_kprobe(struct optimized_kprobe *op)
 406 {
 407         u8 insn_buf[RELATIVEJUMP_SIZE];
 408
 409         /* Set int3 to first byte for kprobes */
 410         insn_buf[0] = BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION;
 411         memcpy(insn_buf + 1, op->optinsn.copied_insn, RELATIVE_ADDR_SIZE);
 412         text_poke_bp(op->kp.addr, insn_buf, RELATIVEJUMP_SIZE,
 413                      op->optinsn.insn);
 414 }
 415
 416 /*
 417  * Recover original instructions and breakpoints from relative jumps.
 418  * Caller must call with locking kprobe_mutex.
 419  */
 420 extern void arch_unoptimize_kprobes(struct list_head *oplist,
 421                                     struct list_head *done_list)
 422 {
 423         struct optimized_kprobe *op, *tmp;
 424
 425         list_for_each_entry_safe(op, tmp, oplist, list) {
 426                 arch_unoptimize_kprobe(op);
 427                 list_move(&op->list, done_list);
 428         }
 429 }
 430
 431 int setup_detour_execution(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs, int reenter)
 432 {
 433         struct optimized_kprobe *op;
 434
 435         if (p->flags & KPROBE_FLAG_OPTIMIZED) {
 436                 /* This kprobe is really able to run optimized path. */
 437                 op = container_of(p, struct optimized_kprobe, kp);
 438                 /* Detour through copied instructions */
 439                 regs->ip = (unsigned long)op->optinsn.insn + TMPL_END_IDX;
 440                 if (!reenter)
 441                         reset_current_kprobe();
 442                 preempt_enable_no_resched();
 443                 return 1;
 444         }
 445         return 0;
 446 }
 447 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(setup_detour_execution);