2 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
4 * Pentium III FXSR, SSE support
5 * Gareth Hughes <gareth@valinux.com>, May 2000
10 * CPU hotplug support - ashok.raj@intel.com
14 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of process handling..
17 #include <linux/cpu.h>
18 #include <linux/errno.h>
19 #include <linux/sched.h>
21 #include <linux/kernel.h>
23 #include <linux/elfcore.h>
24 #include <linux/smp.h>
25 #include <linux/slab.h>
26 #include <linux/user.h>
27 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
28 #include <linux/delay.h>
29 #include <linux/export.h>
30 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
31 #include <linux/notifier.h>
32 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
33 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
34 #include <linux/prctl.h>
35 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
37 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
39 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
40 #include <asm/processor.h>
41 #include <asm/fpu/internal.h>
42 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
43 #include <asm/prctl.h>
45 #include <asm/proto.h>
48 #include <asm/syscalls.h>
49 #include <asm/debugreg.h>
50 #include <asm/switch_to.h>
51 #include <asm/xen/hypervisor.h>
54 __visible
DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, rsp_scratch
);
56 /* Prints also some state that isn't saved in the pt_regs */
57 void __show_regs(struct pt_regs
*regs
, int all
)
59 unsigned long cr0
= 0L, cr2
= 0L, cr3
= 0L, cr4
= 0L, fs
, gs
, shadowgs
;
60 unsigned long d0
, d1
, d2
, d3
, d6
, d7
;
61 unsigned int fsindex
, gsindex
;
62 unsigned int ds
, cs
, es
;
64 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"RIP: %04lx:[<%016lx>] ", regs
->cs
& 0xffff, regs
->ip
);
65 printk_address(regs
->ip
);
66 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"RSP: %04lx:%016lx EFLAGS: %08lx\n", regs
->ss
,
67 regs
->sp
, regs
->flags
);
68 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"RAX: %016lx RBX: %016lx RCX: %016lx\n",
69 regs
->ax
, regs
->bx
, regs
->cx
);
70 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"RDX: %016lx RSI: %016lx RDI: %016lx\n",
71 regs
->dx
, regs
->si
, regs
->di
);
72 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"RBP: %016lx R08: %016lx R09: %016lx\n",
73 regs
->bp
, regs
->r8
, regs
->r9
);
74 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"R10: %016lx R11: %016lx R12: %016lx\n",
75 regs
->r10
, regs
->r11
, regs
->r12
);
76 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"R13: %016lx R14: %016lx R15: %016lx\n",
77 regs
->r13
, regs
->r14
, regs
->r15
);
79 asm("movl %%ds,%0" : "=r" (ds
));
80 asm("movl %%cs,%0" : "=r" (cs
));
81 asm("movl %%es,%0" : "=r" (es
));
82 asm("movl %%fs,%0" : "=r" (fsindex
));
83 asm("movl %%gs,%0" : "=r" (gsindex
));
85 rdmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE
, fs
);
86 rdmsrl(MSR_GS_BASE
, gs
);
87 rdmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE
, shadowgs
);
97 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"FS: %016lx(%04x) GS:%016lx(%04x) knlGS:%016lx\n",
98 fs
, fsindex
, gs
, gsindex
, shadowgs
);
99 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"CS: %04x DS: %04x ES: %04x CR0: %016lx\n", cs
, ds
,
101 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"CR2: %016lx CR3: %016lx CR4: %016lx\n", cr2
, cr3
,
111 /* Only print out debug registers if they are in their non-default state. */
112 if (!((d0
== 0) && (d1
== 0) && (d2
== 0) && (d3
== 0) &&
113 (d6
== DR6_RESERVED
) && (d7
== 0x400))) {
114 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"DR0: %016lx DR1: %016lx DR2: %016lx\n",
116 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"DR3: %016lx DR6: %016lx DR7: %016lx\n",
120 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_OSPKE
))
121 printk(KERN_DEFAULT
"PKRU: %08x\n", read_pkru());
124 void release_thread(struct task_struct
*dead_task
)
127 #ifdef CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL
128 if (dead_task
->mm
->context
.ldt
) {
129 pr_warn("WARNING: dead process %s still has LDT? <%p/%d>\n",
131 dead_task
->mm
->context
.ldt
->entries
,
132 dead_task
->mm
->context
.ldt
->size
);
139 int copy_thread_tls(unsigned long clone_flags
, unsigned long sp
,
140 unsigned long arg
, struct task_struct
*p
, unsigned long tls
)
143 struct pt_regs
*childregs
;
144 struct fork_frame
*fork_frame
;
145 struct inactive_task_frame
*frame
;
146 struct task_struct
*me
= current
;
148 p
->thread
.sp0
= (unsigned long)task_stack_page(p
) + THREAD_SIZE
;
149 childregs
= task_pt_regs(p
);
150 fork_frame
= container_of(childregs
, struct fork_frame
, regs
);
151 frame
= &fork_frame
->frame
;
153 frame
->ret_addr
= (unsigned long) ret_from_fork
;
154 p
->thread
.sp
= (unsigned long) fork_frame
;
155 p
->thread
.io_bitmap_ptr
= NULL
;
157 savesegment(gs
, p
->thread
.gsindex
);
158 p
->thread
.gsbase
= p
->thread
.gsindex
? 0 : me
->thread
.gsbase
;
159 savesegment(fs
, p
->thread
.fsindex
);
160 p
->thread
.fsbase
= p
->thread
.fsindex
? 0 : me
->thread
.fsbase
;
161 savesegment(es
, p
->thread
.es
);
162 savesegment(ds
, p
->thread
.ds
);
163 memset(p
->thread
.ptrace_bps
, 0, sizeof(p
->thread
.ptrace_bps
));
165 if (unlikely(p
->flags
& PF_KTHREAD
)) {
167 memset(childregs
, 0, sizeof(struct pt_regs
));
168 frame
->bx
= sp
; /* function */
173 *childregs
= *current_pt_regs();
180 if (unlikely(test_tsk_thread_flag(me
, TIF_IO_BITMAP
))) {
181 p
->thread
.io_bitmap_ptr
= kmemdup(me
->thread
.io_bitmap_ptr
,
182 IO_BITMAP_BYTES
, GFP_KERNEL
);
183 if (!p
->thread
.io_bitmap_ptr
) {
184 p
->thread
.io_bitmap_max
= 0;
187 set_tsk_thread_flag(p
, TIF_IO_BITMAP
);
191 * Set a new TLS for the child thread?
193 if (clone_flags
& CLONE_SETTLS
) {
194 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
195 if (in_ia32_syscall())
196 err
= do_set_thread_area(p
, -1,
197 (struct user_desc __user
*)tls
, 0);
200 err
= do_arch_prctl(p
, ARCH_SET_FS
, tls
);
206 if (err
&& p
->thread
.io_bitmap_ptr
) {
207 kfree(p
->thread
.io_bitmap_ptr
);
208 p
->thread
.io_bitmap_max
= 0;
215 start_thread_common(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned long new_ip
,
216 unsigned long new_sp
,
217 unsigned int _cs
, unsigned int _ss
, unsigned int _ds
)
220 loadsegment(es
, _ds
);
221 loadsegment(ds
, _ds
);
227 regs
->flags
= X86_EFLAGS_IF
;
232 start_thread(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned long new_ip
, unsigned long new_sp
)
234 start_thread_common(regs
, new_ip
, new_sp
,
235 __USER_CS
, __USER_DS
, 0);
239 void compat_start_thread(struct pt_regs
*regs
, u32 new_ip
, u32 new_sp
)
241 start_thread_common(regs
, new_ip
, new_sp
,
242 test_thread_flag(TIF_X32
)
243 ? __USER_CS
: __USER32_CS
,
244 __USER_DS
, __USER_DS
);
249 * switch_to(x,y) should switch tasks from x to y.
251 * This could still be optimized:
252 * - fold all the options into a flag word and test it with a single test.
253 * - could test fs/gs bitsliced
255 * Kprobes not supported here. Set the probe on schedule instead.
256 * Function graph tracer not supported too.
258 __visible __notrace_funcgraph
struct task_struct
*
259 __switch_to(struct task_struct
*prev_p
, struct task_struct
*next_p
)
261 struct thread_struct
*prev
= &prev_p
->thread
;
262 struct thread_struct
*next
= &next_p
->thread
;
263 struct fpu
*prev_fpu
= &prev
->fpu
;
264 struct fpu
*next_fpu
= &next
->fpu
;
265 int cpu
= smp_processor_id();
266 struct tss_struct
*tss
= &per_cpu(cpu_tss
, cpu
);
267 unsigned prev_fsindex
, prev_gsindex
;
269 switch_fpu_prepare(prev_fpu
, cpu
);
271 /* We must save %fs and %gs before load_TLS() because
272 * %fs and %gs may be cleared by load_TLS().
274 * (e.g. xen_load_tls())
276 savesegment(fs
, prev_fsindex
);
277 savesegment(gs
, prev_gsindex
);
280 * Load TLS before restoring any segments so that segment loads
281 * reference the correct GDT entries.
286 * Leave lazy mode, flushing any hypercalls made here. This
287 * must be done after loading TLS entries in the GDT but before
288 * loading segments that might reference them, and and it must
289 * be done before fpu__restore(), so the TS bit is up to
292 arch_end_context_switch(next_p
);
296 * Reading them only returns the selectors, but writing them (if
297 * nonzero) loads the full descriptor from the GDT or LDT. The
298 * LDT for next is loaded in switch_mm, and the GDT is loaded
301 * We therefore need to write new values to the segment
302 * registers on every context switch unless both the new and old
305 * Note that we don't need to do anything for CS and SS, as
306 * those are saved and restored as part of pt_regs.
308 savesegment(es
, prev
->es
);
309 if (unlikely(next
->es
| prev
->es
))
310 loadsegment(es
, next
->es
);
312 savesegment(ds
, prev
->ds
);
313 if (unlikely(next
->ds
| prev
->ds
))
314 loadsegment(ds
, next
->ds
);
319 * These are even more complicated than DS and ES: they have
320 * 64-bit bases are that controlled by arch_prctl. The bases
321 * don't necessarily match the selectors, as user code can do
322 * any number of things to cause them to be inconsistent.
324 * We don't promise to preserve the bases if the selectors are
325 * nonzero. We also don't promise to preserve the base if the
326 * selector is zero and the base doesn't match whatever was
327 * most recently passed to ARCH_SET_FS/GS. (If/when the
328 * FSGSBASE instructions are enabled, we'll need to offer
329 * stronger guarantees.)
332 * (fsbase != 0 && fsindex != 0) || (gsbase != 0 && gsindex != 0) is
336 /* Loading a nonzero value into FS sets the index and base. */
337 loadsegment(fs
, next
->fsindex
);
340 /* Next index is zero but next base is nonzero. */
343 wrmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE
, next
->fsbase
);
345 /* Next base and index are both zero. */
346 if (static_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_NULL_SEG
)) {
348 * We don't know the previous base and can't
349 * find out without RDMSR. Forcibly clear it.
351 loadsegment(fs
, __USER_DS
);
355 * If the previous index is zero and ARCH_SET_FS
356 * didn't change the base, then the base is
357 * also zero and we don't need to do anything.
359 if (prev
->fsbase
|| prev_fsindex
)
365 * Save the old state and preserve the invariant.
366 * NB: if prev_fsindex == 0, then we can't reliably learn the base
367 * without RDMSR because Intel user code can zero it without telling
368 * us and AMD user code can program any 32-bit value without telling
373 prev
->fsindex
= prev_fsindex
;
376 /* Loading a nonzero value into GS sets the index and base. */
377 load_gs_index(next
->gsindex
);
380 /* Next index is zero but next base is nonzero. */
383 wrmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE
, next
->gsbase
);
385 /* Next base and index are both zero. */
386 if (static_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_NULL_SEG
)) {
388 * We don't know the previous base and can't
389 * find out without RDMSR. Forcibly clear it.
391 * This contains a pointless SWAPGS pair.
392 * Fixing it would involve an explicit check
393 * for Xen or a new pvop.
395 load_gs_index(__USER_DS
);
399 * If the previous index is zero and ARCH_SET_GS
400 * didn't change the base, then the base is
401 * also zero and we don't need to do anything.
403 if (prev
->gsbase
|| prev_gsindex
)
409 * Save the old state and preserve the invariant.
410 * NB: if prev_gsindex == 0, then we can't reliably learn the base
411 * without RDMSR because Intel user code can zero it without telling
412 * us and AMD user code can program any 32-bit value without telling
417 prev
->gsindex
= prev_gsindex
;
419 switch_fpu_finish(next_fpu
, cpu
);
422 * Switch the PDA and FPU contexts.
424 this_cpu_write(current_task
, next_p
);
426 /* Reload esp0 and ss1. This changes current_thread_info(). */
430 * Now maybe reload the debug registers and handle I/O bitmaps
432 if (unlikely(task_thread_info(next_p
)->flags
& _TIF_WORK_CTXSW_NEXT
||
433 task_thread_info(prev_p
)->flags
& _TIF_WORK_CTXSW_PREV
))
434 __switch_to_xtra(prev_p
, next_p
, tss
);
438 * On Xen PV, IOPL bits in pt_regs->flags have no effect, and
439 * current_pt_regs()->flags may not match the current task's
440 * intended IOPL. We need to switch it manually.
442 if (unlikely(static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XENPV
) &&
443 prev
->iopl
!= next
->iopl
))
444 xen_set_iopl_mask(next
->iopl
);
447 if (static_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_SYSRET_SS_ATTRS
)) {
449 * AMD CPUs have a misfeature: SYSRET sets the SS selector but
450 * does not update the cached descriptor. As a result, if we
451 * do SYSRET while SS is NULL, we'll end up in user mode with
452 * SS apparently equal to __USER_DS but actually unusable.
454 * The straightforward workaround would be to fix it up just
455 * before SYSRET, but that would slow down the system call
456 * fast paths. Instead, we ensure that SS is never NULL in
457 * system call context. We do this by replacing NULL SS
458 * selectors at every context switch. SYSCALL sets up a valid
459 * SS, so the only way to get NULL is to re-enter the kernel
460 * from CPL 3 through an interrupt. Since that can't happen
461 * in the same task as a running syscall, we are guaranteed to
462 * context switch between every interrupt vector entry and a
465 * We read SS first because SS reads are much faster than
466 * writes. Out of caution, we force SS to __KERNEL_DS even if
467 * it previously had a different non-NULL value.
469 unsigned short ss_sel
;
470 savesegment(ss
, ss_sel
);
471 if (ss_sel
!= __KERNEL_DS
)
472 loadsegment(ss
, __KERNEL_DS
);
478 void set_personality_64bit(void)
480 /* inherit personality from parent */
482 /* Make sure to be in 64bit mode */
483 clear_thread_flag(TIF_IA32
);
484 clear_thread_flag(TIF_ADDR32
);
485 clear_thread_flag(TIF_X32
);
487 /* Ensure the corresponding mm is not marked. */
489 current
->mm
->context
.ia32_compat
= 0;
491 /* TBD: overwrites user setup. Should have two bits.
492 But 64bit processes have always behaved this way,
493 so it's not too bad. The main problem is just that
494 32bit childs are affected again. */
495 current
->personality
&= ~READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
;
498 void set_personality_ia32(bool x32
)
500 /* inherit personality from parent */
502 /* Make sure to be in 32bit mode */
503 set_thread_flag(TIF_ADDR32
);
505 /* Mark the associated mm as containing 32-bit tasks. */
507 clear_thread_flag(TIF_IA32
);
508 set_thread_flag(TIF_X32
);
510 current
->mm
->context
.ia32_compat
= TIF_X32
;
511 current
->personality
&= ~READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
;
512 /* in_compat_syscall() uses the presence of the x32
513 syscall bit flag to determine compat status */
514 current
->thread
.status
&= ~TS_COMPAT
;
516 set_thread_flag(TIF_IA32
);
517 clear_thread_flag(TIF_X32
);
519 current
->mm
->context
.ia32_compat
= TIF_IA32
;
520 current
->personality
|= force_personality32
;
521 /* Prepare the first "return" to user space */
522 current
->thread
.status
|= TS_COMPAT
;
525 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(set_personality_ia32
);
527 #ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
528 static long prctl_map_vdso(const struct vdso_image
*image
, unsigned long addr
)
532 ret
= map_vdso_once(image
, addr
);
536 return (long)image
->size
;
540 long do_arch_prctl(struct task_struct
*task
, int code
, unsigned long addr
)
543 int doit
= task
== current
;
548 if (addr
>= TASK_SIZE_MAX
)
551 task
->thread
.gsindex
= 0;
552 task
->thread
.gsbase
= addr
;
555 ret
= wrmsrl_safe(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE
, addr
);
560 /* Not strictly needed for fs, but do it for symmetry
562 if (addr
>= TASK_SIZE_MAX
)
565 task
->thread
.fsindex
= 0;
566 task
->thread
.fsbase
= addr
;
568 /* set the selector to 0 to not confuse __switch_to */
570 ret
= wrmsrl_safe(MSR_FS_BASE
, addr
);
577 rdmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE
, base
);
579 base
= task
->thread
.fsbase
;
580 ret
= put_user(base
, (unsigned long __user
*)addr
);
586 rdmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE
, base
);
588 base
= task
->thread
.gsbase
;
589 ret
= put_user(base
, (unsigned long __user
*)addr
);
593 #ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
594 # ifdef CONFIG_X86_X32_ABI
595 case ARCH_MAP_VDSO_X32
:
596 return prctl_map_vdso(&vdso_image_x32
, addr
);
598 # if defined CONFIG_X86_32 || defined CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
599 case ARCH_MAP_VDSO_32
:
600 return prctl_map_vdso(&vdso_image_32
, addr
);
602 case ARCH_MAP_VDSO_64
:
603 return prctl_map_vdso(&vdso_image_64
, addr
);
614 long sys_arch_prctl(int code
, unsigned long addr
)
616 return do_arch_prctl(current
, code
, addr
);
619 unsigned long KSTK_ESP(struct task_struct
*task
)
621 return task_pt_regs(task
)->sp
;