2 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
4 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
6 * Memory region support
7 * David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
9 * Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
10 * Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
12 * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
13 * Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
15 * Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
16 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
21 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
24 #include <linux/sched.h>
26 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
27 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
28 #include <linux/ioport.h>
29 #include <linux/acpi.h>
30 #include <linux/sfi.h>
31 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
32 #include <linux/initrd.h>
33 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
34 #include <linux/memblock.h>
35 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
36 #include <linux/console.h>
37 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
38 #include <linux/highmem.h>
39 #include <linux/module.h>
40 #include <linux/efi.h>
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/edd.h>
43 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
44 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
45 #include <linux/kexec.h>
46 #include <linux/dmi.h>
47 #include <linux/pfn.h>
48 #include <linux/pci.h>
49 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
50 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
51 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
52 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
54 #include <linux/errno.h>
55 #include <linux/kernel.h>
56 #include <linux/stddef.h>
57 #include <linux/unistd.h>
58 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
59 #include <linux/user.h>
60 #include <linux/delay.h>
62 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
63 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
64 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
65 #include <linux/ctype.h>
66 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
68 #include <linux/percpu.h>
69 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
70 #include <linux/tboot.h>
71 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
73 #include <video/edid.h>
77 #include <asm/realmode.h>
79 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
80 #include <asm/setup.h>
82 #include <asm/timer.h>
83 #include <asm/i8259.h>
84 #include <asm/sections.h>
85 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
87 #include <asm/setup_arch.h>
88 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
89 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
90 #include <asm/processor.h>
93 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
97 #include <asm/iommu.h>
99 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
100 #include <asm/proto.h>
102 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
103 #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
104 #include <asm/olpc_ofw.h>
106 #include <asm/percpu.h>
107 #include <asm/topology.h>
108 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
109 #include <asm/amd_nb.h>
111 #include <asm/alternative.h>
112 #include <asm/prom.h>
115 * max_low_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn under 4GB
116 * max_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn over 4GB
118 * The direct mapping only covers E820_RAM regions, so the ranges and gaps are
119 * represented by pfn_mapped
121 unsigned long max_low_pfn_mapped
;
122 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped
;
125 RESERVE_BRK(dmi_alloc
, 65536);
129 static __initdata
unsigned long _brk_start
= (unsigned long)__brk_base
;
130 unsigned long _brk_end
= (unsigned long)__brk_base
;
133 int default_cpu_present_to_apicid(int mps_cpu
)
135 return __default_cpu_present_to_apicid(mps_cpu
);
138 int default_check_phys_apicid_present(int phys_apicid
)
140 return __default_check_phys_apicid_present(phys_apicid
);
144 struct boot_params boot_params
;
149 static struct resource data_resource
= {
150 .name
= "Kernel data",
153 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_MEM
156 static struct resource code_resource
= {
157 .name
= "Kernel code",
160 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_MEM
163 static struct resource bss_resource
= {
164 .name
= "Kernel bss",
167 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_MEM
172 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head.S */
173 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data
= {
176 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
177 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly
= {
180 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data
);
182 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp
;
184 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
185 unsigned int machine_id
;
186 unsigned int machine_submodel_id
;
187 unsigned int BIOS_revision
;
189 struct apm_info apm_info
;
190 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info
);
192 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
193 defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
194 struct ist_info ist_info
;
195 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info
);
197 struct ist_info ist_info
;
201 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly
= {
202 .x86_phys_bits
= MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS
,
204 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data
);
208 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
209 __visible
unsigned long mmu_cr4_features
;
211 __visible
unsigned long mmu_cr4_features
= X86_CR4_PAE
;
214 /* Boot loader ID and version as integers, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
215 int bootloader_type
, bootloader_version
;
220 struct screen_info screen_info
;
221 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info
);
222 struct edid_info edid_info
;
223 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info
);
225 extern int root_mountflags
;
227 unsigned long saved_video_mode
;
229 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK 0x07FF
230 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG 0x8000
231 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG 0x4000
233 static char __initdata command_line
[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
];
234 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
235 static char __initdata builtin_cmdline
[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
] = CONFIG_CMDLINE
;
238 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
240 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
244 * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
245 * from boot_params into a safe place.
248 static inline void __init
copy_edd(void)
250 memcpy(edd
.mbr_signature
, boot_params
.edd_mbr_sig_buffer
,
251 sizeof(edd
.mbr_signature
));
252 memcpy(edd
.edd_info
, boot_params
.eddbuf
, sizeof(edd
.edd_info
));
253 edd
.mbr_signature_nr
= boot_params
.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries
;
254 edd
.edd_info_nr
= boot_params
.eddbuf_entries
;
257 static inline void __init
copy_edd(void)
262 void * __init
extend_brk(size_t size
, size_t align
)
264 size_t mask
= align
- 1;
267 BUG_ON(_brk_start
== 0);
268 BUG_ON(align
& mask
);
270 _brk_end
= (_brk_end
+ mask
) & ~mask
;
271 BUG_ON((char *)(_brk_end
+ size
) > __brk_limit
);
273 ret
= (void *)_brk_end
;
276 memset(ret
, 0, size
);
282 static void __init
cleanup_highmap(void)
287 static void __init
reserve_brk(void)
289 if (_brk_end
> _brk_start
)
290 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_brk_start
),
291 _brk_end
- _brk_start
);
293 /* Mark brk area as locked down and no longer taking any
298 u64 relocated_ramdisk
;
300 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
302 static u64 __init
get_ramdisk_image(void)
304 u64 ramdisk_image
= boot_params
.hdr
.ramdisk_image
;
306 ramdisk_image
|= (u64
)boot_params
.ext_ramdisk_image
<< 32;
308 return ramdisk_image
;
310 static u64 __init
get_ramdisk_size(void)
312 u64 ramdisk_size
= boot_params
.hdr
.ramdisk_size
;
314 ramdisk_size
|= (u64
)boot_params
.ext_ramdisk_size
<< 32;
319 #define MAX_MAP_CHUNK (NR_FIX_BTMAPS << PAGE_SHIFT)
320 static void __init
relocate_initrd(void)
322 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
323 u64 ramdisk_image
= get_ramdisk_image();
324 u64 ramdisk_size
= get_ramdisk_size();
325 u64 area_size
= PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_size
);
326 unsigned long slop
, clen
, mapaddr
;
329 /* We need to move the initrd down into directly mapped mem */
330 relocated_ramdisk
= memblock_find_in_range(0, PFN_PHYS(max_pfn_mapped
),
331 area_size
, PAGE_SIZE
);
333 if (!relocated_ramdisk
)
334 panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
337 /* Note: this includes all the mem currently occupied by
338 the initrd, we rely on that fact to keep the data intact. */
339 memblock_reserve(relocated_ramdisk
, area_size
);
340 initrd_start
= relocated_ramdisk
+ PAGE_OFFSET
;
341 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ ramdisk_size
;
342 printk(KERN_INFO
"Allocated new RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
343 relocated_ramdisk
, relocated_ramdisk
+ ramdisk_size
- 1);
345 q
= (char *)initrd_start
;
347 /* Copy the initrd */
348 while (ramdisk_size
) {
349 slop
= ramdisk_image
& ~PAGE_MASK
;
351 if (clen
> MAX_MAP_CHUNK
-slop
)
352 clen
= MAX_MAP_CHUNK
-slop
;
353 mapaddr
= ramdisk_image
& PAGE_MASK
;
354 p
= early_memremap(mapaddr
, clen
+slop
);
355 memcpy(q
, p
+slop
, clen
);
356 early_iounmap(p
, clen
+slop
);
358 ramdisk_image
+= clen
;
359 ramdisk_size
-= clen
;
362 ramdisk_image
= get_ramdisk_image();
363 ramdisk_size
= get_ramdisk_size();
364 printk(KERN_INFO
"Move RAMDISK from [mem %#010llx-%#010llx] to"
365 " [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
366 ramdisk_image
, ramdisk_image
+ ramdisk_size
- 1,
367 relocated_ramdisk
, relocated_ramdisk
+ ramdisk_size
- 1);
370 static void __init
early_reserve_initrd(void)
372 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
373 u64 ramdisk_image
= get_ramdisk_image();
374 u64 ramdisk_size
= get_ramdisk_size();
375 u64 ramdisk_end
= PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image
+ ramdisk_size
);
377 if (!boot_params
.hdr
.type_of_loader
||
378 !ramdisk_image
|| !ramdisk_size
)
379 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
381 memblock_reserve(ramdisk_image
, ramdisk_end
- ramdisk_image
);
383 static void __init
reserve_initrd(void)
385 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
386 u64 ramdisk_image
= get_ramdisk_image();
387 u64 ramdisk_size
= get_ramdisk_size();
388 u64 ramdisk_end
= PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image
+ ramdisk_size
);
391 if (!boot_params
.hdr
.type_of_loader
||
392 !ramdisk_image
|| !ramdisk_size
)
393 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
397 mapped_size
= memblock_mem_size(max_pfn_mapped
);
398 if (ramdisk_size
>= (mapped_size
>>1))
399 panic("initrd too large to handle, "
400 "disabling initrd (%lld needed, %lld available)\n",
401 ramdisk_size
, mapped_size
>>1);
403 printk(KERN_INFO
"RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n", ramdisk_image
,
406 if (pfn_range_is_mapped(PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_image
),
407 PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_end
))) {
408 /* All are mapped, easy case */
409 initrd_start
= ramdisk_image
+ PAGE_OFFSET
;
410 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ ramdisk_size
;
416 memblock_free(ramdisk_image
, ramdisk_end
- ramdisk_image
);
419 static void __init
early_reserve_initrd(void)
422 static void __init
reserve_initrd(void)
425 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
427 static void __init
parse_setup_data(void)
429 struct setup_data
*data
;
430 u64 pa_data
, pa_next
;
432 pa_data
= boot_params
.hdr
.setup_data
;
434 u32 data_len
, map_len
, data_type
;
436 map_len
= max(PAGE_SIZE
- (pa_data
& ~PAGE_MASK
),
437 (u64
)sizeof(struct setup_data
));
438 data
= early_memremap(pa_data
, map_len
);
439 data_len
= data
->len
+ sizeof(struct setup_data
);
440 data_type
= data
->type
;
441 pa_next
= data
->next
;
442 early_iounmap(data
, map_len
);
446 parse_e820_ext(pa_data
, data_len
);
452 parse_efi_setup(pa_data
, data_len
);
461 static void __init
e820_reserve_setup_data(void)
463 struct setup_data
*data
;
467 pa_data
= boot_params
.hdr
.setup_data
;
469 data
= early_memremap(pa_data
, sizeof(*data
));
470 e820_update_range(pa_data
, sizeof(*data
)+data
->len
,
471 E820_RAM
, E820_RESERVED_KERN
);
473 pa_data
= data
->next
;
474 early_iounmap(data
, sizeof(*data
));
479 sanitize_e820_map(e820
.map
, ARRAY_SIZE(e820
.map
), &e820
.nr_map
);
480 memcpy(&e820_saved
, &e820
, sizeof(struct e820map
));
481 printk(KERN_INFO
"extended physical RAM map:\n");
482 e820_print_map("reserve setup_data");
485 static void __init
memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data(void)
487 struct setup_data
*data
;
490 pa_data
= boot_params
.hdr
.setup_data
;
492 data
= early_memremap(pa_data
, sizeof(*data
));
493 memblock_reserve(pa_data
, sizeof(*data
) + data
->len
);
494 pa_data
= data
->next
;
495 early_iounmap(data
, sizeof(*data
));
500 * --------- Crashkernel reservation ------------------------------
506 * Keep the crash kernel below this limit. On 32 bits earlier kernels
507 * would limit the kernel to the low 512 MiB due to mapping restrictions.
508 * On 64bit, old kexec-tools need to under 896MiB.
511 # define CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_LOW_MAX (512 << 20)
512 # define CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_HIGH_MAX (512 << 20)
514 # define CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_LOW_MAX (896UL<<20)
515 # define CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_HIGH_MAX MAXMEM
518 static void __init
reserve_crashkernel_low(void)
521 const unsigned long long alignment
= 16<<20; /* 16M */
522 unsigned long long low_base
= 0, low_size
= 0;
523 unsigned long total_low_mem
;
524 unsigned long long base
;
525 bool auto_set
= false;
528 total_low_mem
= memblock_mem_size(1UL<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT
));
529 /* crashkernel=Y,low */
530 ret
= parse_crashkernel_low(boot_command_line
, total_low_mem
,
534 * two parts from lib/swiotlb.c:
535 * swiotlb size: user specified with swiotlb= or default.
536 * swiotlb overflow buffer: now is hardcoded to 32k.
537 * We round it to 8M for other buffers that
538 * may need to stay low too.
540 low_size
= swiotlb_size_or_default() + (8UL<<20);
543 /* passed with crashkernel=0,low ? */
548 low_base
= memblock_find_in_range(low_size
, (1ULL<<32),
549 low_size
, alignment
);
553 pr_info("crashkernel low reservation failed - No suitable area found.\n");
558 memblock_reserve(low_base
, low_size
);
559 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of low memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System low RAM: %ldMB)\n",
560 (unsigned long)(low_size
>> 20),
561 (unsigned long)(low_base
>> 20),
562 (unsigned long)(total_low_mem
>> 20));
563 crashk_low_res
.start
= low_base
;
564 crashk_low_res
.end
= low_base
+ low_size
- 1;
565 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &crashk_low_res
);
569 static void __init
reserve_crashkernel(void)
571 const unsigned long long alignment
= 16<<20; /* 16M */
572 unsigned long long total_mem
;
573 unsigned long long crash_size
, crash_base
;
577 total_mem
= memblock_phys_mem_size();
580 ret
= parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line
, total_mem
,
581 &crash_size
, &crash_base
);
582 if (ret
!= 0 || crash_size
<= 0) {
583 /* crashkernel=X,high */
584 ret
= parse_crashkernel_high(boot_command_line
, total_mem
,
585 &crash_size
, &crash_base
);
586 if (ret
!= 0 || crash_size
<= 0)
591 /* 0 means: find the address automatically */
592 if (crash_base
<= 0) {
594 * kexec want bzImage is below CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_MAX
596 crash_base
= memblock_find_in_range(alignment
,
597 high
? CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_HIGH_MAX
:
598 CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_LOW_MAX
,
599 crash_size
, alignment
);
602 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - No suitable area found.\n");
607 unsigned long long start
;
609 start
= memblock_find_in_range(crash_base
,
610 crash_base
+ crash_size
, crash_size
, 1<<20);
611 if (start
!= crash_base
) {
612 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
616 memblock_reserve(crash_base
, crash_size
);
618 printk(KERN_INFO
"Reserving %ldMB of memory at %ldMB "
619 "for crashkernel (System RAM: %ldMB)\n",
620 (unsigned long)(crash_size
>> 20),
621 (unsigned long)(crash_base
>> 20),
622 (unsigned long)(total_mem
>> 20));
624 crashk_res
.start
= crash_base
;
625 crashk_res
.end
= crash_base
+ crash_size
- 1;
626 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &crashk_res
);
628 if (crash_base
>= (1ULL<<32))
629 reserve_crashkernel_low();
632 static void __init
reserve_crashkernel(void)
637 static struct resource standard_io_resources
[] = {
638 { .name
= "dma1", .start
= 0x00, .end
= 0x1f,
639 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
640 { .name
= "pic1", .start
= 0x20, .end
= 0x21,
641 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
642 { .name
= "timer0", .start
= 0x40, .end
= 0x43,
643 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
644 { .name
= "timer1", .start
= 0x50, .end
= 0x53,
645 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
646 { .name
= "keyboard", .start
= 0x60, .end
= 0x60,
647 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
648 { .name
= "keyboard", .start
= 0x64, .end
= 0x64,
649 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
650 { .name
= "dma page reg", .start
= 0x80, .end
= 0x8f,
651 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
652 { .name
= "pic2", .start
= 0xa0, .end
= 0xa1,
653 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
654 { .name
= "dma2", .start
= 0xc0, .end
= 0xdf,
655 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
},
656 { .name
= "fpu", .start
= 0xf0, .end
= 0xff,
657 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_IO
}
660 void __init
reserve_standard_io_resources(void)
664 /* request I/O space for devices used on all i[345]86 PCs */
665 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(standard_io_resources
); i
++)
666 request_resource(&ioport_resource
, &standard_io_resources
[i
]);
670 static __init
void reserve_ibft_region(void)
672 unsigned long addr
, size
= 0;
674 addr
= find_ibft_region(&size
);
677 memblock_reserve(addr
, size
);
680 static bool __init
snb_gfx_workaround_needed(void)
685 static const __initconst u16 snb_ids
[] = {
695 /* Assume no if something weird is going on with PCI */
696 if (!early_pci_allowed())
699 vendor
= read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_VENDOR_ID
);
700 if (vendor
!= 0x8086)
703 devid
= read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_DEVICE_ID
);
704 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(snb_ids
); i
++)
705 if (devid
== snb_ids
[i
])
713 * Sandy Bridge graphics has trouble with certain ranges, exclude
714 * them from allocation.
716 static void __init
trim_snb_memory(void)
718 static const __initconst
unsigned long bad_pages
[] = {
727 if (!snb_gfx_workaround_needed())
730 printk(KERN_DEBUG
"reserving inaccessible SNB gfx pages\n");
733 * Reserve all memory below the 1 MB mark that has not
734 * already been reserved.
736 memblock_reserve(0, 1<<20);
738 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(bad_pages
); i
++) {
739 if (memblock_reserve(bad_pages
[i
], PAGE_SIZE
))
740 printk(KERN_WARNING
"failed to reserve 0x%08lx\n",
746 * Here we put platform-specific memory range workarounds, i.e.
747 * memory known to be corrupt or otherwise in need to be reserved on
748 * specific platforms.
750 * If this gets used more widely it could use a real dispatch mechanism.
752 static void __init
trim_platform_memory_ranges(void)
757 static void __init
trim_bios_range(void)
760 * A special case is the first 4Kb of memory;
761 * This is a BIOS owned area, not kernel ram, but generally
762 * not listed as such in the E820 table.
764 * This typically reserves additional memory (64KiB by default)
765 * since some BIOSes are known to corrupt low memory. See the
766 * Kconfig help text for X86_RESERVE_LOW.
768 e820_update_range(0, PAGE_SIZE
, E820_RAM
, E820_RESERVED
);
771 * special case: Some BIOSen report the PC BIOS
772 * area (640->1Mb) as ram even though it is not.
775 e820_remove_range(BIOS_BEGIN
, BIOS_END
- BIOS_BEGIN
, E820_RAM
, 1);
777 sanitize_e820_map(e820
.map
, ARRAY_SIZE(e820
.map
), &e820
.nr_map
);
780 /* called before trim_bios_range() to spare extra sanitize */
781 static void __init
e820_add_kernel_range(void)
783 u64 start
= __pa_symbol(_text
);
784 u64 size
= __pa_symbol(_end
) - start
;
787 * Complain if .text .data and .bss are not marked as E820_RAM and
788 * attempt to fix it by adding the range. We may have a confused BIOS,
789 * or the user may have used memmap=exactmap or memmap=xxM$yyM to
790 * exclude kernel range. If we really are running on top non-RAM,
791 * we will crash later anyways.
793 if (e820_all_mapped(start
, start
+ size
, E820_RAM
))
796 pr_warn(".text .data .bss are not marked as E820_RAM!\n");
797 e820_remove_range(start
, size
, E820_RAM
, 0);
798 e820_add_region(start
, size
, E820_RAM
);
801 static unsigned reserve_low
= CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW
<< 10;
803 static int __init
parse_reservelow(char *p
)
805 unsigned long long size
;
810 size
= memparse(p
, &p
);
823 early_param("reservelow", parse_reservelow
);
825 static void __init
trim_low_memory_range(void)
827 memblock_reserve(0, ALIGN(reserve_low
, PAGE_SIZE
));
831 * Dump out kernel offset information on panic.
834 dump_kernel_offset(struct notifier_block
*self
, unsigned long v
, void *p
)
836 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: 0x%lx from 0x%lx "
837 "(relocation range: 0x%lx-0x%lx)\n",
838 (unsigned long)&_text
- __START_KERNEL
, __START_KERNEL
,
839 __START_KERNEL_map
, MODULES_VADDR
-1);
845 * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader. If so, then we have also been
846 * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
847 * for initialization. Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
848 * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
849 * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
852 * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
854 * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
857 void __init
setup_arch(char **cmdline_p
)
859 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_text
),
860 (unsigned long)__bss_stop
- (unsigned long)_text
);
862 early_reserve_initrd();
865 * At this point everything still needed from the boot loader
866 * or BIOS or kernel text should be early reserved or marked not
867 * RAM in e820. All other memory is free game.
871 memcpy(&boot_cpu_data
, &new_cpu_data
, sizeof(new_cpu_data
));
874 * copy kernel address range established so far and switch
875 * to the proper swapper page table
877 clone_pgd_range(swapper_pg_dir
+ KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY
,
878 initial_page_table
+ KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY
,
881 load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir
);
883 * Note: Quark X1000 CPUs advertise PGE incorrectly and require
884 * a cr3 based tlb flush, so the following __flush_tlb_all()
885 * will not flush anything because the cpu quirk which clears
886 * X86_FEATURE_PGE has not been invoked yet. Though due to the
887 * load_cr3() above the TLB has been flushed already. The
888 * quirk is invoked before subsequent calls to __flush_tlb_all()
889 * so proper operation is guaranteed.
893 printk(KERN_INFO
"Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line
);
897 * If we have OLPC OFW, we might end up relocating the fixmap due to
898 * reserve_top(), so do this before touching the ioremap area.
904 early_ioremap_init();
906 setup_olpc_ofw_pgd();
908 ROOT_DEV
= old_decode_dev(boot_params
.hdr
.root_dev
);
909 screen_info
= boot_params
.screen_info
;
910 edid_info
= boot_params
.edid_info
;
912 apm_info
.bios
= boot_params
.apm_bios_info
;
913 ist_info
= boot_params
.ist_info
;
914 if (boot_params
.sys_desc_table
.length
!= 0) {
915 machine_id
= boot_params
.sys_desc_table
.table
[0];
916 machine_submodel_id
= boot_params
.sys_desc_table
.table
[1];
917 BIOS_revision
= boot_params
.sys_desc_table
.table
[2];
920 saved_video_mode
= boot_params
.hdr
.vid_mode
;
921 bootloader_type
= boot_params
.hdr
.type_of_loader
;
922 if ((bootloader_type
>> 4) == 0xe) {
923 bootloader_type
&= 0xf;
924 bootloader_type
|= (boot_params
.hdr
.ext_loader_type
+0x10) << 4;
926 bootloader_version
= bootloader_type
& 0xf;
927 bootloader_version
|= boot_params
.hdr
.ext_loader_ver
<< 4;
929 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
930 rd_image_start
= boot_params
.hdr
.ram_size
& RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK
;
931 rd_prompt
= ((boot_params
.hdr
.ram_size
& RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG
) != 0);
932 rd_doload
= ((boot_params
.hdr
.ram_size
& RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG
) != 0);
935 if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params
.efi_info
.efi_loader_signature
,
936 EFI32_LOADER_SIGNATURE
, 4)) {
937 set_bit(EFI_BOOT
, &efi
.flags
);
938 } else if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params
.efi_info
.efi_loader_signature
,
939 EFI64_LOADER_SIGNATURE
, 4)) {
940 set_bit(EFI_BOOT
, &efi
.flags
);
941 set_bit(EFI_64BIT
, &efi
.flags
);
944 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT
))
945 efi_memblock_x86_reserve_range();
948 x86_init
.oem
.arch_setup();
950 iomem_resource
.end
= (1ULL << boot_cpu_data
.x86_phys_bits
) - 1;
956 if (!boot_params
.hdr
.root_flags
)
957 root_mountflags
&= ~MS_RDONLY
;
958 init_mm
.start_code
= (unsigned long) _text
;
959 init_mm
.end_code
= (unsigned long) _etext
;
960 init_mm
.end_data
= (unsigned long) _edata
;
961 init_mm
.brk
= _brk_end
;
963 mpx_mm_init(&init_mm
);
965 code_resource
.start
= __pa_symbol(_text
);
966 code_resource
.end
= __pa_symbol(_etext
)-1;
967 data_resource
.start
= __pa_symbol(_etext
);
968 data_resource
.end
= __pa_symbol(_edata
)-1;
969 bss_resource
.start
= __pa_symbol(__bss_start
);
970 bss_resource
.end
= __pa_symbol(__bss_stop
)-1;
972 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
973 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
974 strlcpy(boot_command_line
, builtin_cmdline
, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
976 if (builtin_cmdline
[0]) {
977 /* append boot loader cmdline to builtin */
978 strlcat(builtin_cmdline
, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
979 strlcat(builtin_cmdline
, boot_command_line
, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
980 strlcpy(boot_command_line
, builtin_cmdline
, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
985 strlcpy(command_line
, boot_command_line
, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
986 *cmdline_p
= command_line
;
989 * x86_configure_nx() is called before parse_early_param() to detect
990 * whether hardware doesn't support NX (so that the early EHCI debug
991 * console setup can safely call set_fixmap()). It may then be called
992 * again from within noexec_setup() during parsing early parameters
993 * to honor the respective command line option.
1001 /* after early param, so could get panic from serial */
1002 memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data();
1004 if (acpi_mps_check()) {
1005 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
1008 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_APIC
);
1012 if (pci_early_dump_regs
)
1013 early_dump_pci_devices();
1016 /* update the e820_saved too */
1017 e820_reserve_setup_data();
1018 finish_e820_parsing();
1020 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT
))
1025 dmi_set_dump_stack_arch_desc();
1028 * VMware detection requires dmi to be available, so this
1029 * needs to be done after dmi_scan_machine, for the BP.
1031 init_hypervisor_platform();
1033 x86_init
.resources
.probe_roms();
1035 /* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
1036 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &code_resource
);
1037 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &data_resource
);
1038 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &bss_resource
);
1040 e820_add_kernel_range();
1042 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1043 if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
1044 e820_update_range(0x70000000ULL
, 0x40000ULL
, E820_RAM
,
1046 sanitize_e820_map(e820
.map
, ARRAY_SIZE(e820
.map
), &e820
.nr_map
);
1047 printk(KERN_INFO
"fixed physical RAM map:\n");
1048 e820_print_map("bad_ppro");
1051 early_gart_iommu_check();
1055 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
1056 * we are rounding upwards:
1058 max_pfn
= e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
1060 /* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
1062 if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn
))
1063 max_pfn
= e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
1065 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1066 /* max_low_pfn get updated here */
1067 find_low_pfn_range();
1071 /* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
1072 /* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
1073 if (max_pfn
> (1UL<<(32 - PAGE_SHIFT
)))
1074 max_low_pfn
= e820_end_of_low_ram_pfn();
1076 max_low_pfn
= max_pfn
;
1078 high_memory
= (void *)__va(max_pfn
* PAGE_SIZE
- 1) + 1;
1082 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
1086 reserve_ibft_region();
1088 early_alloc_pgt_buf();
1091 * Need to conclude brk, before memblock_x86_fill()
1092 * it could use memblock_find_in_range, could overlap with
1099 memblock_set_current_limit(ISA_END_ADDRESS
);
1100 memblock_x86_fill();
1103 * The EFI specification says that boot service code won't be called
1104 * after ExitBootServices(). This is, in fact, a lie.
1106 if (efi_enabled(EFI_MEMMAP
))
1107 efi_reserve_boot_services();
1109 /* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
1110 early_reserve_e820_mpc_new();
1112 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CHECK_BIOS_CORRUPTION
1113 setup_bios_corruption_check();
1116 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1117 printk(KERN_DEBUG
"initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-%#010lx]\n",
1118 (max_pfn_mapped
<<PAGE_SHIFT
) - 1);
1121 reserve_real_mode();
1123 trim_platform_memory_ranges();
1124 trim_low_memory_range();
1128 early_trap_pf_init();
1132 memblock_set_current_limit(get_max_mapped());
1135 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
1138 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
1139 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early
)
1140 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
1142 /* Allocate bigger log buffer */
1147 #if defined(CONFIG_ACPI) && defined(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD)
1148 acpi_initrd_override((void *)initrd_start
, initrd_end
- initrd_start
);
1156 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
1158 acpi_boot_table_init();
1160 early_acpi_boot_init();
1163 dma_contiguous_reserve(max_pfn_mapped
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
1166 * Reserve memory for crash kernel after SRAT is parsed so that it
1167 * won't consume hotpluggable memory.
1169 reserve_crashkernel();
1171 memblock_find_dma_reserve();
1173 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GUEST
1177 x86_init
.paging
.pagetable_init();
1179 if (boot_cpu_data
.cpuid_level
>= 0) {
1180 /* A CPU has %cr4 if and only if it has CPUID */
1181 mmu_cr4_features
= read_cr4();
1182 if (trampoline_cr4_features
)
1183 *trampoline_cr4_features
= mmu_cr4_features
;
1186 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1187 /* sync back kernel address range */
1188 clone_pgd_range(initial_page_table
+ KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY
,
1189 swapper_pg_dir
+ KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY
,
1195 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
1199 generic_apic_probe();
1204 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
1211 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
1213 if (smp_found_config
)
1216 prefill_possible_map();
1220 init_apic_mappings();
1221 if (x86_io_apic_ops
.init
)
1222 x86_io_apic_ops
.init();
1226 e820_reserve_resources();
1227 e820_mark_nosave_regions(max_low_pfn
);
1229 x86_init
.resources
.reserve_resources();
1234 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
1235 if (!efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT
) || (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY
))
1236 conswitchp
= &vga_con
;
1237 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
1238 conswitchp
= &dummy_con
;
1241 x86_init
.oem
.banner();
1243 x86_init
.timers
.wallclock_init();
1247 arch_init_ideal_nops();
1249 register_refined_jiffies(CLOCK_TICK_RATE
);
1252 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT
))
1253 efi_apply_memmap_quirks();
1257 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1259 static struct resource video_ram_resource
= {
1260 .name
= "Video RAM area",
1263 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_MEM
1266 void __init
i386_reserve_resources(void)
1268 request_resource(&iomem_resource
, &video_ram_resource
);
1269 reserve_standard_io_resources();
1272 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
1274 static struct notifier_block kernel_offset_notifier
= {
1275 .notifier_call
= dump_kernel_offset
1278 static int __init
register_kernel_offset_dumper(void)
1280 atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list
,
1281 &kernel_offset_notifier
);
1284 __initcall(register_kernel_offset_dumper
);