KVM: MMU: optimize to handle dirty bit

[mirror_ubuntu-zesty-kernel.git] / arch / x86 / kvm / paging_tmpl.h

/*
 * Kernel-based Virtual Machine driver for Linux
 *
 * This module enables machines with Intel VT-x extensions to run virtual
 * machines without emulation or binary translation.
 *
 * MMU support
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Qumranet, Inc.
 * Copyright 2010 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates.
 *
 * Authors:
 *   Yaniv Kamay  <yaniv@qumranet.com>
 *   Avi Kivity   <avi@qumranet.com>
 *
 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
 * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
 *
 */

/*
 * We need the mmu code to access both 32-bit and 64-bit guest ptes,
 * so the code in this file is compiled twice, once per pte size.
 */

#if PTTYPE == 64
        #define pt_element_t u64
        #define guest_walker guest_walker64
        #define FNAME(name) paging##64_##name
        #define PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
        #define PT_LVL_ADDR_MASK(lvl) PT64_LVL_ADDR_MASK(lvl)
        #define PT_LVL_OFFSET_MASK(lvl) PT64_LVL_OFFSET_MASK(lvl)
        #define PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT64_INDEX(addr, level)
        #define PT_LEVEL_BITS PT64_LEVEL_BITS
        #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
        #define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 4
        #define CMPXCHG cmpxchg
        #else
        #define CMPXCHG cmpxchg64
        #define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 2
        #endif
#elif PTTYPE == 32
        #define pt_element_t u32
        #define guest_walker guest_walker32
        #define FNAME(name) paging##32_##name
        #define PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT32_BASE_ADDR_MASK
        #define PT_LVL_ADDR_MASK(lvl) PT32_LVL_ADDR_MASK(lvl)
        #define PT_LVL_OFFSET_MASK(lvl) PT32_LVL_OFFSET_MASK(lvl)
        #define PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT32_INDEX(addr, level)
        #define PT_LEVEL_BITS PT32_LEVEL_BITS
        #define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 2
        #define CMPXCHG cmpxchg
#else
        #error Invalid PTTYPE value
#endif

#define gpte_to_gfn_lvl FNAME(gpte_to_gfn_lvl)
#define gpte_to_gfn(pte) gpte_to_gfn_lvl((pte), PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL)

/*
 * The guest_walker structure emulates the behavior of the hardware page
 * table walker.
 */
struct guest_walker {
        int level;
        gfn_t table_gfn[PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS];
        pt_element_t ptes[PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS];
        pt_element_t prefetch_ptes[PTE_PREFETCH_NUM];
        gpa_t pte_gpa[PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS];
        unsigned pt_access;
        unsigned pte_access;
        gfn_t gfn;
        struct x86_exception fault;
};

static gfn_t gpte_to_gfn_lvl(pt_element_t gpte, int lvl)
{
        return (gpte & PT_LVL_ADDR_MASK(lvl)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
}

static int FNAME(cmpxchg_gpte)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_mmu *mmu,
                               pt_element_t __user *ptep_user, unsigned index,
                               pt_element_t orig_pte, pt_element_t new_pte)
{
        int npages;
        pt_element_t ret;
        pt_element_t *table;
        struct page *page;

        npages = get_user_pages_fast((unsigned long)ptep_user, 1, 1, &page);
        /* Check if the user is doing something meaningless. */
        if (unlikely(npages != 1))
                return -EFAULT;

        table = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
        ret = CMPXCHG(&table[index], orig_pte, new_pte);
        kunmap_atomic(table, KM_USER0);

        kvm_release_page_dirty(page);

        return (ret != orig_pte);
}

static unsigned FNAME(gpte_access)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, pt_element_t gpte,
                                   bool last)
{
        unsigned access;

        access = (gpte & (PT_WRITABLE_MASK | PT_USER_MASK)) | ACC_EXEC_MASK;
        if (last && !is_dirty_gpte(gpte))
                access &= ~ACC_WRITE_MASK;

#if PTTYPE == 64
        if (vcpu->arch.mmu.nx)
                access &= ~(gpte >> PT64_NX_SHIFT);
#endif
        return access;
}

static bool FNAME(is_last_gpte)(struct guest_walker *walker,
                                struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_mmu *mmu,
                                pt_element_t gpte)
{
        if (walker->level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL)
                return true;

        if ((walker->level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL) && is_large_pte(gpte) &&
            (PTTYPE == 64 || is_pse(vcpu)))
                return true;

        if ((walker->level == PT_PDPE_LEVEL) && is_large_pte(gpte) &&
            (mmu->root_level == PT64_ROOT_LEVEL))
                return true;

        return false;
}

/*
 * Fetch a guest pte for a guest virtual address
 */
static int FNAME(walk_addr_generic)(struct guest_walker *walker,
                                    struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_mmu *mmu,
                                    gva_t addr, u32 access)
{
        pt_element_t pte;
        pt_element_t __user *uninitialized_var(ptep_user);
        gfn_t table_gfn;
        unsigned index, pt_access, uninitialized_var(pte_access);
        gpa_t pte_gpa;
        bool eperm;
        int offset;
        const int write_fault = access & PFERR_WRITE_MASK;
        const int user_fault  = access & PFERR_USER_MASK;
        const int fetch_fault = access & PFERR_FETCH_MASK;
        u16 errcode = 0;

        trace_kvm_mmu_pagetable_walk(addr, write_fault, user_fault,
                                     fetch_fault);
retry_walk:
        eperm = false;
        walker->level = mmu->root_level;
        pte           = mmu->get_cr3(vcpu);

#if PTTYPE == 64
        if (walker->level == PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL) {
                pte = kvm_pdptr_read_mmu(vcpu, mmu, (addr >> 30) & 3);
                trace_kvm_mmu_paging_element(pte, walker->level);
                if (!is_present_gpte(pte))
                        goto error;
                --walker->level;
        }
#endif
        ASSERT((!is_long_mode(vcpu) && is_pae(vcpu)) ||
               (mmu->get_cr3(vcpu) & CR3_NONPAE_RESERVED_BITS) == 0);

        pt_access = ACC_ALL;

        for (;;) {
                gfn_t real_gfn;
                unsigned long host_addr;

                index = PT_INDEX(addr, walker->level);

                table_gfn = gpte_to_gfn(pte);
                offset    = index * sizeof(pt_element_t);
                pte_gpa   = gfn_to_gpa(table_gfn) + offset;
                walker->table_gfn[walker->level - 1] = table_gfn;
                walker->pte_gpa[walker->level - 1] = pte_gpa;

                real_gfn = mmu->translate_gpa(vcpu, gfn_to_gpa(table_gfn),
                                              PFERR_USER_MASK|PFERR_WRITE_MASK);
                if (unlikely(real_gfn == UNMAPPED_GVA))
                        goto error;
                real_gfn = gpa_to_gfn(real_gfn);

                host_addr = gfn_to_hva(vcpu->kvm, real_gfn);
                if (unlikely(kvm_is_error_hva(host_addr)))
                        goto error;

                ptep_user = (pt_element_t __user *)((void *)host_addr + offset);
                if (unlikely(__copy_from_user(&pte, ptep_user, sizeof(pte))))
                        goto error;

                trace_kvm_mmu_paging_element(pte, walker->level);

                if (unlikely(!is_present_gpte(pte)))
                        goto error;

                if (unlikely(is_rsvd_bits_set(&vcpu->arch.mmu, pte,
                                              walker->level))) {
                        errcode |= PFERR_RSVD_MASK | PFERR_PRESENT_MASK;
                        goto error;
                }

                if (!check_write_user_access(vcpu, write_fault, user_fault,
                                          pte))
                        eperm = true;

#if PTTYPE == 64
                if (unlikely(fetch_fault && (pte & PT64_NX_MASK)))
                        eperm = true;
#endif

                if (!eperm && unlikely(!(pte & PT_ACCESSED_MASK))) {
                        int ret;
                        trace_kvm_mmu_set_accessed_bit(table_gfn, index,
                                                       sizeof(pte));
                        ret = FNAME(cmpxchg_gpte)(vcpu, mmu, ptep_user, index,
                                                  pte, pte|PT_ACCESSED_MASK);
                        if (unlikely(ret < 0))
                                goto error;
                        else if (ret)
                                goto retry_walk;

                        mark_page_dirty(vcpu->kvm, table_gfn);
                        pte |= PT_ACCESSED_MASK;
                }

                walker->ptes[walker->level - 1] = pte;

                if (FNAME(is_last_gpte)(walker, vcpu, mmu, pte)) {
                        int lvl = walker->level;
                        gpa_t real_gpa;
                        gfn_t gfn;
                        u32 ac;

                        /* check if the kernel is fetching from user page */
                        if (unlikely(pte_access & PT_USER_MASK) &&
                            kvm_read_cr4_bits(vcpu, X86_CR4_SMEP))
                                if (fetch_fault && !user_fault)
                                        eperm = true;

                        gfn = gpte_to_gfn_lvl(pte, lvl);
                        gfn += (addr & PT_LVL_OFFSET_MASK(lvl)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

                        if (PTTYPE == 32 &&
                            walker->level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL &&
                            is_cpuid_PSE36())
                                gfn += pse36_gfn_delta(pte);

                        ac = write_fault | fetch_fault | user_fault;

                        real_gpa = mmu->translate_gpa(vcpu, gfn_to_gpa(gfn),
                                                      ac);
                        if (real_gpa == UNMAPPED_GVA)
                                return 0;

                        walker->gfn = real_gpa >> PAGE_SHIFT;

                        break;
                }

                pt_access &= FNAME(gpte_access)(vcpu, pte, false);
                --walker->level;
        }

        if (unlikely(eperm)) {
                errcode |= PFERR_PRESENT_MASK;
                goto error;
        }

        if (write_fault && unlikely(!is_dirty_gpte(pte))) {
                int ret;

                trace_kvm_mmu_set_dirty_bit(table_gfn, index, sizeof(pte));
                ret = FNAME(cmpxchg_gpte)(vcpu, mmu, ptep_user, index,
                                          pte, pte|PT_DIRTY_MASK);
                if (unlikely(ret < 0))
                        goto error;
                else if (ret)
                        goto retry_walk;

                mark_page_dirty(vcpu->kvm, table_gfn);
                pte |= PT_DIRTY_MASK;
                walker->ptes[walker->level - 1] = pte;
        }

        pte_access = pt_access & FNAME(gpte_access)(vcpu, pte, true);
        walker->pt_access = pt_access;
        walker->pte_access = pte_access;
        pgprintk("%s: pte %llx pte_access %x pt_access %x\n",
                 __func__, (u64)pte, pte_access, pt_access);
        return 1;

error:
        errcode |= write_fault | user_fault;
        if (fetch_fault && (mmu->nx ||
                            kvm_read_cr4_bits(vcpu, X86_CR4_SMEP)))
                errcode |= PFERR_FETCH_MASK;

        walker->fault.vector = PF_VECTOR;
        walker->fault.error_code_valid = true;
        walker->fault.error_code = errcode;
        walker->fault.address = addr;
        walker->fault.nested_page_fault = mmu != vcpu->arch.walk_mmu;

        trace_kvm_mmu_walker_error(walker->fault.error_code);
        return 0;
}

static int FNAME(walk_addr)(struct guest_walker *walker,
                            struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr, u32 access)
{
        return FNAME(walk_addr_generic)(walker, vcpu, &vcpu->arch.mmu, addr,
                                        access);
}

static int FNAME(walk_addr_nested)(struct guest_walker *walker,
                                   struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr,
                                   u32 access)
{
        return FNAME(walk_addr_generic)(walker, vcpu, &vcpu->arch.nested_mmu,
                                        addr, access);
}

static bool FNAME(prefetch_invalid_gpte)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
                                    struct kvm_mmu_page *sp, u64 *spte,
                                    pt_element_t gpte)
{
        u64 nonpresent = shadow_trap_nonpresent_pte;

        if (is_rsvd_bits_set(&vcpu->arch.mmu, gpte, PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL))
                goto no_present;

        if (!is_present_gpte(gpte)) {
                if (!sp->unsync)
                        nonpresent = shadow_notrap_nonpresent_pte;
                goto no_present;
        }

        if (!(gpte & PT_ACCESSED_MASK))
                goto no_present;

        return false;

no_present:
        drop_spte(vcpu->kvm, spte, nonpresent);
        return true;
}

static void FNAME(update_pte)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_mmu_page *sp,
                              u64 *spte, const void *pte)
{
        pt_element_t gpte;
        unsigned pte_access;
        pfn_t pfn;

        gpte = *(const pt_element_t *)pte;
        if (FNAME(prefetch_invalid_gpte)(vcpu, sp, spte, gpte))
                return;

        pgprintk("%s: gpte %llx spte %p\n", __func__, (u64)gpte, spte);
        pte_access = sp->role.access & FNAME(gpte_access)(vcpu, gpte, true);
        pfn = gfn_to_pfn_atomic(vcpu->kvm, gpte_to_gfn(gpte));
        if (is_error_pfn(pfn)) {
                kvm_release_pfn_clean(pfn);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * we call mmu_set_spte() with host_writable = true because that
         * vcpu->arch.update_pte.pfn was fetched from get_user_pages(write = 1).
         */
        mmu_set_spte(vcpu, spte, sp->role.access, pte_access, 0, 0,
                     NULL, PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL,
                     gpte_to_gfn(gpte), pfn, true, true);
}

static bool FNAME(gpte_changed)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
                                struct guest_walker *gw, int level)
{
        pt_element_t curr_pte;
        gpa_t base_gpa, pte_gpa = gw->pte_gpa[level - 1];
        u64 mask;
        int r, index;

        if (level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL) {
                mask = PTE_PREFETCH_NUM * sizeof(pt_element_t) - 1;
                base_gpa = pte_gpa & ~mask;
                index = (pte_gpa - base_gpa) / sizeof(pt_element_t);

                r = kvm_read_guest_atomic(vcpu->kvm, base_gpa,
                                gw->prefetch_ptes, sizeof(gw->prefetch_ptes));
                curr_pte = gw->prefetch_ptes[index];
        } else
                r = kvm_read_guest_atomic(vcpu->kvm, pte_gpa,
                                  &curr_pte, sizeof(curr_pte));

        return r || curr_pte != gw->ptes[level - 1];
}

static void FNAME(pte_prefetch)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct guest_walker *gw,
                                u64 *sptep)
{
        struct kvm_mmu_page *sp;
        pt_element_t *gptep = gw->prefetch_ptes;
        u64 *spte;
        int i;

        sp = page_header(__pa(sptep));

        if (sp->role.level > PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL)
                return;

        if (sp->role.direct)
                return __direct_pte_prefetch(vcpu, sp, sptep);

        i = (sptep - sp->spt) & ~(PTE_PREFETCH_NUM - 1);
        spte = sp->spt + i;

        for (i = 0; i < PTE_PREFETCH_NUM; i++, spte++) {
                pt_element_t gpte;
                unsigned pte_access;
                gfn_t gfn;
                pfn_t pfn;

                if (spte == sptep)
                        continue;

                if (*spte != shadow_trap_nonpresent_pte)
                        continue;

                gpte = gptep[i];

                if (FNAME(prefetch_invalid_gpte)(vcpu, sp, spte, gpte))
                        continue;

                pte_access = sp->role.access & FNAME(gpte_access)(vcpu, gpte,
                                                                  true);
                gfn = gpte_to_gfn(gpte);
                pfn = pte_prefetch_gfn_to_pfn(vcpu, gfn,
                                      pte_access & ACC_WRITE_MASK);
                if (is_error_pfn(pfn)) {
                        kvm_release_pfn_clean(pfn);
                        break;
                }

                mmu_set_spte(vcpu, spte, sp->role.access, pte_access, 0, 0,
                             NULL, PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL, gfn,
                             pfn, true, true);
        }
}

/*
 * Fetch a shadow pte for a specific level in the paging hierarchy.
 */
static u64 *FNAME(fetch)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr,
                         struct guest_walker *gw,
                         int user_fault, int write_fault, int hlevel,
                         int *ptwrite, pfn_t pfn, bool map_writable,
                         bool prefault)
{
        unsigned access = gw->pt_access;
        struct kvm_mmu_page *sp = NULL;
        int top_level;
        unsigned direct_access;
        struct kvm_shadow_walk_iterator it;

        if (!is_present_gpte(gw->ptes[gw->level - 1]))
                return NULL;

        direct_access = gw->pt_access & gw->pte_access;

        top_level = vcpu->arch.mmu.root_level;
        if (top_level == PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL)
                top_level = PT32_ROOT_LEVEL;
        /*
         * Verify that the top-level gpte is still there.  Since the page
         * is a root page, it is either write protected (and cannot be
         * changed from now on) or it is invalid (in which case, we don't
         * really care if it changes underneath us after this point).
         */
        if (FNAME(gpte_changed)(vcpu, gw, top_level))
                goto out_gpte_changed;

        for (shadow_walk_init(&it, vcpu, addr);
             shadow_walk_okay(&it) && it.level > gw->level;
             shadow_walk_next(&it)) {
                gfn_t table_gfn;

                drop_large_spte(vcpu, it.sptep);

                sp = NULL;
                if (!is_shadow_present_pte(*it.sptep)) {
                        table_gfn = gw->table_gfn[it.level - 2];
                        sp = kvm_mmu_get_page(vcpu, table_gfn, addr, it.level-1,
                                              false, access, it.sptep);
                }

                /*
                 * Verify that the gpte in the page we've just write
                 * protected is still there.
                 */
                if (FNAME(gpte_changed)(vcpu, gw, it.level - 1))
                        goto out_gpte_changed;

                if (sp)
                        link_shadow_page(it.sptep, sp);
        }

        for (;
             shadow_walk_okay(&it) && it.level > hlevel;
             shadow_walk_next(&it)) {
                gfn_t direct_gfn;

                validate_direct_spte(vcpu, it.sptep, direct_access);

                drop_large_spte(vcpu, it.sptep);

                if (is_shadow_present_pte(*it.sptep))
                        continue;

                direct_gfn = gw->gfn & ~(KVM_PAGES_PER_HPAGE(it.level) - 1);

                sp = kvm_mmu_get_page(vcpu, direct_gfn, addr, it.level-1,
                                      true, direct_access, it.sptep);
                link_shadow_page(it.sptep, sp);
        }

        mmu_set_spte(vcpu, it.sptep, access, gw->pte_access & access,
                     user_fault, write_fault, ptwrite, it.level,
                     gw->gfn, pfn, prefault, map_writable);
        FNAME(pte_prefetch)(vcpu, gw, it.sptep);

        return it.sptep;

out_gpte_changed:
        if (sp)
                kvm_mmu_put_page(sp, it.sptep);
        kvm_release_pfn_clean(pfn);
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * Page fault handler.  There are several causes for a page fault:
 *   - there is no shadow pte for the guest pte
 *   - write access through a shadow pte marked read only so that we can set
 *     the dirty bit
 *   - write access to a shadow pte marked read only so we can update the page
 *     dirty bitmap, when userspace requests it
 *   - mmio access; in this case we will never install a present shadow pte
 *   - normal guest page fault due to the guest pte marked not present, not
 *     writable, or not executable
 *
 *  Returns: 1 if we need to emulate the instruction, 0 otherwise, or
 *           a negative value on error.
 */
static int FNAME(page_fault)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr, u32 error_code,
                             bool prefault)
{
        int write_fault = error_code & PFERR_WRITE_MASK;
        int user_fault = error_code & PFERR_USER_MASK;
        struct guest_walker walker;
        u64 *sptep;
        int write_pt = 0;
        int r;
        pfn_t pfn;
        int level = PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL;
        int force_pt_level;
        unsigned long mmu_seq;
        bool map_writable;

        pgprintk("%s: addr %lx err %x\n", __func__, addr, error_code);

        r = mmu_topup_memory_caches(vcpu);
        if (r)
                return r;

        /*
         * Look up the guest pte for the faulting address.
         */
        r = FNAME(walk_addr)(&walker, vcpu, addr, error_code);

        /*
         * The page is not mapped by the guest.  Let the guest handle it.
         */
        if (!r) {
                pgprintk("%s: guest page fault\n", __func__);
                if (!prefault) {
                        inject_page_fault(vcpu, &walker.fault);
                        /* reset fork detector */
                        vcpu->arch.last_pt_write_count = 0;
                }
                return 0;
        }

        if (walker.level >= PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL)
                force_pt_level = mapping_level_dirty_bitmap(vcpu, walker.gfn);
        else
                force_pt_level = 1;
        if (!force_pt_level) {
                level = min(walker.level, mapping_level(vcpu, walker.gfn));
                walker.gfn = walker.gfn & ~(KVM_PAGES_PER_HPAGE(level) - 1);
        }

        mmu_seq = vcpu->kvm->mmu_notifier_seq;
        smp_rmb();

        if (try_async_pf(vcpu, prefault, walker.gfn, addr, &pfn, write_fault,
                         &map_writable))
                return 0;

        /* mmio */
        if (is_error_pfn(pfn))
                return kvm_handle_bad_page(vcpu, mmu_is_nested(vcpu) ? 0 :
                                      addr, walker.pte_access, walker.gfn, pfn);
        spin_lock(&vcpu->kvm->mmu_lock);
        if (mmu_notifier_retry(vcpu, mmu_seq))
                goto out_unlock;

        trace_kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, AUDIT_PRE_PAGE_FAULT);
        kvm_mmu_free_some_pages(vcpu);
        if (!force_pt_level)
                transparent_hugepage_adjust(vcpu, &walker.gfn, &pfn, &level);
        sptep = FNAME(fetch)(vcpu, addr, &walker, user_fault, write_fault,
                             level, &write_pt, pfn, map_writable, prefault);
        (void)sptep;
        pgprintk("%s: shadow pte %p %llx ptwrite %d\n", __func__,
                 sptep, *sptep, write_pt);

        if (!write_pt)
                vcpu->arch.last_pt_write_count = 0; /* reset fork detector */

        ++vcpu->stat.pf_fixed;
        trace_kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, AUDIT_POST_PAGE_FAULT);
        spin_unlock(&vcpu->kvm->mmu_lock);

        return write_pt;

out_unlock:
        spin_unlock(&vcpu->kvm->mmu_lock);
        kvm_release_pfn_clean(pfn);
        return 0;
}

static void FNAME(invlpg)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t gva)
{
        struct kvm_shadow_walk_iterator iterator;
        struct kvm_mmu_page *sp;
        gpa_t pte_gpa = -1;
        int level;
        u64 *sptep;
        int need_flush = 0;

        vcpu_clear_mmio_info(vcpu, gva);

        spin_lock(&vcpu->kvm->mmu_lock);

        for_each_shadow_entry(vcpu, gva, iterator) {
                level = iterator.level;
                sptep = iterator.sptep;

                sp = page_header(__pa(sptep));
                if (is_last_spte(*sptep, level)) {
                        int offset, shift;

                        if (!sp->unsync)
                                break;

                        shift = PAGE_SHIFT -
                                  (PT_LEVEL_BITS - PT64_LEVEL_BITS) * level;
                        offset = sp->role.quadrant << shift;

                        pte_gpa = (sp->gfn << PAGE_SHIFT) + offset;
                        pte_gpa += (sptep - sp->spt) * sizeof(pt_element_t);

                        if (is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep)) {
                                if (is_large_pte(*sptep))
                                        --vcpu->kvm->stat.lpages;
                                drop_spte(vcpu->kvm, sptep,
                                          shadow_trap_nonpresent_pte);
                                need_flush = 1;
                        } else
                                __set_spte(sptep, shadow_trap_nonpresent_pte);
                        break;
                }

                if (!is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep) || !sp->unsync_children)
                        break;
        }

        if (need_flush)
                kvm_flush_remote_tlbs(vcpu->kvm);

        atomic_inc(&vcpu->kvm->arch.invlpg_counter);

        spin_unlock(&vcpu->kvm->mmu_lock);

        if (pte_gpa == -1)
                return;

        if (mmu_topup_memory_caches(vcpu))
                return;
        kvm_mmu_pte_write(vcpu, pte_gpa, NULL, sizeof(pt_element_t), 0);
}

static gpa_t FNAME(gva_to_gpa)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t vaddr, u32 access,
                               struct x86_exception *exception)
{
        struct guest_walker walker;
        gpa_t gpa = UNMAPPED_GVA;
        int r;

        r = FNAME(walk_addr)(&walker, vcpu, vaddr, access);

        if (r) {
                gpa = gfn_to_gpa(walker.gfn);
                gpa |= vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK;
        } else if (exception)
                *exception = walker.fault;

        return gpa;
}

static gpa_t FNAME(gva_to_gpa_nested)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t vaddr,
                                      u32 access,
                                      struct x86_exception *exception)
{
        struct guest_walker walker;
        gpa_t gpa = UNMAPPED_GVA;
        int r;

        r = FNAME(walk_addr_nested)(&walker, vcpu, vaddr, access);

        if (r) {
                gpa = gfn_to_gpa(walker.gfn);
                gpa |= vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK;
        } else if (exception)
                *exception = walker.fault;

        return gpa;
}

static void FNAME(prefetch_page)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
                                 struct kvm_mmu_page *sp)
{
        int i, j, offset, r;
        pt_element_t pt[256 / sizeof(pt_element_t)];
        gpa_t pte_gpa;

        if (sp->role.direct
            || (PTTYPE == 32 && sp->role.level > PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL)) {
                nonpaging_prefetch_page(vcpu, sp);
                return;
        }

        pte_gpa = gfn_to_gpa(sp->gfn);
        if (PTTYPE == 32) {
                offset = sp->role.quadrant << PT64_LEVEL_BITS;
                pte_gpa += offset * sizeof(pt_element_t);
        }

        for (i = 0; i < PT64_ENT_PER_PAGE; i += ARRAY_SIZE(pt)) {
                r = kvm_read_guest_atomic(vcpu->kvm, pte_gpa, pt, sizeof pt);
                pte_gpa += ARRAY_SIZE(pt) * sizeof(pt_element_t);
                for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(pt); ++j)
                        if (r || is_present_gpte(pt[j]))
                                sp->spt[i+j] = shadow_trap_nonpresent_pte;
                        else
                                sp->spt[i+j] = shadow_notrap_nonpresent_pte;
        }
}

/*
 * Using the cached information from sp->gfns is safe because:
 * - The spte has a reference to the struct page, so the pfn for a given gfn
 *   can't change unless all sptes pointing to it are nuked first.
 *
 * Note:
 *   We should flush all tlbs if spte is dropped even though guest is
 *   responsible for it. Since if we don't, kvm_mmu_notifier_invalidate_page
 *   and kvm_mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start detect the mapping page isn't
 *   used by guest then tlbs are not flushed, so guest is allowed to access the
 *   freed pages.
 *   And we increase kvm->tlbs_dirty to delay tlbs flush in this case.
 */
static int FNAME(sync_page)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_mmu_page *sp)
{
        int i, offset, nr_present;
        bool host_writable;
        gpa_t first_pte_gpa;

        offset = nr_present = 0;

        /* direct kvm_mmu_page can not be unsync. */
        BUG_ON(sp->role.direct);

        if (PTTYPE == 32)
                offset = sp->role.quadrant << PT64_LEVEL_BITS;

        first_pte_gpa = gfn_to_gpa(sp->gfn) + offset * sizeof(pt_element_t);

        for (i = 0; i < PT64_ENT_PER_PAGE; i++) {
                unsigned pte_access;
                pt_element_t gpte;
                gpa_t pte_gpa;
                gfn_t gfn;

                if (!is_shadow_present_pte(sp->spt[i]))
                        continue;

                pte_gpa = first_pte_gpa + i * sizeof(pt_element_t);

                if (kvm_read_guest_atomic(vcpu->kvm, pte_gpa, &gpte,
                                          sizeof(pt_element_t)))
                        return -EINVAL;

                gfn = gpte_to_gfn(gpte);

                if (FNAME(prefetch_invalid_gpte)(vcpu, sp, &sp->spt[i], gpte)) {
                        vcpu->kvm->tlbs_dirty++;
                        continue;
                }

                if (gfn != sp->gfns[i]) {
                        drop_spte(vcpu->kvm, &sp->spt[i],
                                      shadow_trap_nonpresent_pte);
                        vcpu->kvm->tlbs_dirty++;
                        continue;
                }

                nr_present++;
                pte_access = sp->role.access & FNAME(gpte_access)(vcpu, gpte,
                                                                  true);
                host_writable = sp->spt[i] & SPTE_HOST_WRITEABLE;

                set_spte(vcpu, &sp->spt[i], pte_access, 0, 0,
                         PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL, gfn,
                         spte_to_pfn(sp->spt[i]), true, false,
                         host_writable);
        }

        return !nr_present;
}

#undef pt_element_t
#undef guest_walker
#undef FNAME
#undef PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK
#undef PT_INDEX
#undef PT_LVL_ADDR_MASK
#undef PT_LVL_OFFSET_MASK
#undef PT_LEVEL_BITS
#undef PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS
#undef gpte_to_gfn
#undef gpte_to_gfn_lvl
#undef CMPXCHG