2 * linux/arch/x86_64/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
6 * Copyright (C) 2002,2003 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
9 #include <linux/signal.h>
10 #include <linux/sched.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
13 #include <linux/string.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
16 #include <linux/mman.h>
18 #include <linux/swap.h>
19 #include <linux/smp.h>
20 #include <linux/init.h>
21 #include <linux/initrd.h>
22 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
23 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
24 #include <linux/memblock.h>
25 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
26 #include <linux/pci.h>
27 #include <linux/pfn.h>
28 #include <linux/poison.h>
29 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
30 #include <linux/module.h>
31 #include <linux/memory.h>
32 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
33 #include <linux/nmi.h>
34 #include <linux/gfp.h>
36 #include <asm/processor.h>
37 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
38 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
39 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
40 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
42 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
46 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
47 #include <asm/proto.h>
49 #include <asm/sections.h>
50 #include <asm/kdebug.h>
52 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
54 #include <asm/uv/uv.h>
55 #include <asm/setup.h>
57 #include "mm_internal.h"
59 static void ident_pmd_init(unsigned long pmd_flag
, pmd_t
*pmd_page
,
60 unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
)
63 for (; addr
< end
; addr
+= PMD_SIZE
) {
64 pmd_t
*pmd
= pmd_page
+ pmd_index(addr
);
66 if (!pmd_present(*pmd
))
67 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(addr
| pmd_flag
));
70 static int ident_pud_init(struct x86_mapping_info
*info
, pud_t
*pud_page
,
71 unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
)
75 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
) {
76 pud_t
*pud
= pud_page
+ pud_index(addr
);
79 next
= (addr
& PUD_MASK
) + PUD_SIZE
;
83 if (pud_present(*pud
)) {
84 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, 0);
85 ident_pmd_init(info
->pmd_flag
, pmd
, addr
, next
);
88 pmd
= (pmd_t
*)info
->alloc_pgt_page(info
->context
);
91 ident_pmd_init(info
->pmd_flag
, pmd
, addr
, next
);
92 set_pud(pud
, __pud(__pa(pmd
) | _KERNPG_TABLE
));
98 int kernel_ident_mapping_init(struct x86_mapping_info
*info
, pgd_t
*pgd_page
,
99 unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
)
103 int off
= info
->kernel_mapping
? pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET
) : 0;
105 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
) {
106 pgd_t
*pgd
= pgd_page
+ pgd_index(addr
) + off
;
109 next
= (addr
& PGDIR_MASK
) + PGDIR_SIZE
;
113 if (pgd_present(*pgd
)) {
114 pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, 0);
115 result
= ident_pud_init(info
, pud
, addr
, next
);
121 pud
= (pud_t
*)info
->alloc_pgt_page(info
->context
);
124 result
= ident_pud_init(info
, pud
, addr
, next
);
127 set_pgd(pgd
, __pgd(__pa(pud
) | _KERNPG_TABLE
));
133 static int __init
parse_direct_gbpages_off(char *arg
)
138 early_param("nogbpages", parse_direct_gbpages_off
);
140 static int __init
parse_direct_gbpages_on(char *arg
)
145 early_param("gbpages", parse_direct_gbpages_on
);
148 * NOTE: pagetable_init alloc all the fixmap pagetables contiguous on the
149 * physical space so we can cache the place of the first one and move
150 * around without checking the pgd every time.
153 pteval_t __supported_pte_mask __read_mostly
= ~_PAGE_IOMAP
;
154 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__supported_pte_mask
);
156 int force_personality32
;
160 * Control non executable heap for 32bit processes.
161 * To control the stack too use noexec=off
163 * on PROT_READ does not imply PROT_EXEC for 32-bit processes (default)
164 * off PROT_READ implies PROT_EXEC
166 static int __init
nonx32_setup(char *str
)
168 if (!strcmp(str
, "on"))
169 force_personality32
&= ~READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
;
170 else if (!strcmp(str
, "off"))
171 force_personality32
|= READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
;
174 __setup("noexec32=", nonx32_setup
);
177 * When memory was added/removed make sure all the processes MM have
178 * suitable PGD entries in the local PGD level page.
180 void sync_global_pgds(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
182 unsigned long address
;
184 for (address
= start
; address
<= end
; address
+= PGDIR_SIZE
) {
185 const pgd_t
*pgd_ref
= pgd_offset_k(address
);
188 if (pgd_none(*pgd_ref
))
191 spin_lock(&pgd_lock
);
192 list_for_each_entry(page
, &pgd_list
, lru
) {
194 spinlock_t
*pgt_lock
;
196 pgd
= (pgd_t
*)page_address(page
) + pgd_index(address
);
197 /* the pgt_lock only for Xen */
198 pgt_lock
= &pgd_page_get_mm(page
)->page_table_lock
;
202 set_pgd(pgd
, *pgd_ref
);
204 BUG_ON(pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd
)
205 != pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd_ref
));
207 spin_unlock(pgt_lock
);
209 spin_unlock(&pgd_lock
);
214 * NOTE: This function is marked __ref because it calls __init function
215 * (alloc_bootmem_pages). It's safe to do it ONLY when after_bootmem == 0.
217 static __ref
void *spp_getpage(void)
222 ptr
= (void *) get_zeroed_page(GFP_ATOMIC
| __GFP_NOTRACK
);
224 ptr
= alloc_bootmem_pages(PAGE_SIZE
);
226 if (!ptr
|| ((unsigned long)ptr
& ~PAGE_MASK
)) {
227 panic("set_pte_phys: cannot allocate page data %s\n",
228 after_bootmem
? "after bootmem" : "");
231 pr_debug("spp_getpage %p\n", ptr
);
236 static pud_t
*fill_pud(pgd_t
*pgd
, unsigned long vaddr
)
238 if (pgd_none(*pgd
)) {
239 pud_t
*pud
= (pud_t
*)spp_getpage();
240 pgd_populate(&init_mm
, pgd
, pud
);
241 if (pud
!= pud_offset(pgd
, 0))
242 printk(KERN_ERR
"PAGETABLE BUG #00! %p <-> %p\n",
243 pud
, pud_offset(pgd
, 0));
245 return pud_offset(pgd
, vaddr
);
248 static pmd_t
*fill_pmd(pud_t
*pud
, unsigned long vaddr
)
250 if (pud_none(*pud
)) {
251 pmd_t
*pmd
= (pmd_t
*) spp_getpage();
252 pud_populate(&init_mm
, pud
, pmd
);
253 if (pmd
!= pmd_offset(pud
, 0))
254 printk(KERN_ERR
"PAGETABLE BUG #01! %p <-> %p\n",
255 pmd
, pmd_offset(pud
, 0));
257 return pmd_offset(pud
, vaddr
);
260 static pte_t
*fill_pte(pmd_t
*pmd
, unsigned long vaddr
)
262 if (pmd_none(*pmd
)) {
263 pte_t
*pte
= (pte_t
*) spp_getpage();
264 pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm
, pmd
, pte
);
265 if (pte
!= pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, 0))
266 printk(KERN_ERR
"PAGETABLE BUG #02!\n");
268 return pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, vaddr
);
271 void set_pte_vaddr_pud(pud_t
*pud_page
, unsigned long vaddr
, pte_t new_pte
)
277 pud
= pud_page
+ pud_index(vaddr
);
278 pmd
= fill_pmd(pud
, vaddr
);
279 pte
= fill_pte(pmd
, vaddr
);
281 set_pte(pte
, new_pte
);
284 * It's enough to flush this one mapping.
285 * (PGE mappings get flushed as well)
287 __flush_tlb_one(vaddr
);
290 void set_pte_vaddr(unsigned long vaddr
, pte_t pteval
)
295 pr_debug("set_pte_vaddr %lx to %lx\n", vaddr
, native_pte_val(pteval
));
297 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(vaddr
);
298 if (pgd_none(*pgd
)) {
300 "PGD FIXMAP MISSING, it should be setup in head.S!\n");
303 pud_page
= (pud_t
*)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd
);
304 set_pte_vaddr_pud(pud_page
, vaddr
, pteval
);
307 pmd_t
* __init
populate_extra_pmd(unsigned long vaddr
)
312 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(vaddr
);
313 pud
= fill_pud(pgd
, vaddr
);
314 return fill_pmd(pud
, vaddr
);
317 pte_t
* __init
populate_extra_pte(unsigned long vaddr
)
321 pmd
= populate_extra_pmd(vaddr
);
322 return fill_pte(pmd
, vaddr
);
326 * Create large page table mappings for a range of physical addresses.
328 static void __init
__init_extra_mapping(unsigned long phys
, unsigned long size
,
335 BUG_ON((phys
& ~PMD_MASK
) || (size
& ~PMD_MASK
));
336 for (; size
; phys
+= PMD_SIZE
, size
-= PMD_SIZE
) {
337 pgd
= pgd_offset_k((unsigned long)__va(phys
));
338 if (pgd_none(*pgd
)) {
339 pud
= (pud_t
*) spp_getpage();
340 set_pgd(pgd
, __pgd(__pa(pud
) | _KERNPG_TABLE
|
343 pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, (unsigned long)__va(phys
));
344 if (pud_none(*pud
)) {
345 pmd
= (pmd_t
*) spp_getpage();
346 set_pud(pud
, __pud(__pa(pmd
) | _KERNPG_TABLE
|
349 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, phys
);
350 BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*pmd
));
351 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(phys
| pgprot_val(prot
)));
355 void __init
init_extra_mapping_wb(unsigned long phys
, unsigned long size
)
357 __init_extra_mapping(phys
, size
, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE
);
360 void __init
init_extra_mapping_uc(unsigned long phys
, unsigned long size
)
362 __init_extra_mapping(phys
, size
, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_NOCACHE
);
366 * The head.S code sets up the kernel high mapping:
368 * from __START_KERNEL_map to __START_KERNEL_map + size (== _end-_text)
370 * phys_addr holds the negative offset to the kernel, which is added
371 * to the compile time generated pmds. This results in invalid pmds up
372 * to the point where we hit the physaddr 0 mapping.
374 * We limit the mappings to the region from _text to _brk_end. _brk_end
375 * is rounded up to the 2MB boundary. This catches the invalid pmds as
376 * well, as they are located before _text:
378 void __init
cleanup_highmap(void)
380 unsigned long vaddr
= __START_KERNEL_map
;
381 unsigned long vaddr_end
= __START_KERNEL_map
+ KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE
;
382 unsigned long end
= roundup((unsigned long)_brk_end
, PMD_SIZE
) - 1;
383 pmd_t
*pmd
= level2_kernel_pgt
;
386 * Native path, max_pfn_mapped is not set yet.
387 * Xen has valid max_pfn_mapped set in
388 * arch/x86/xen/mmu.c:xen_setup_kernel_pagetable().
391 vaddr_end
= __START_KERNEL_map
+ (max_pfn_mapped
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
393 for (; vaddr
+ PMD_SIZE
- 1 < vaddr_end
; pmd
++, vaddr
+= PMD_SIZE
) {
396 if (vaddr
< (unsigned long) _text
|| vaddr
> end
)
397 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(0));
401 static unsigned long __meminit
402 phys_pte_init(pte_t
*pte_page
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
405 unsigned long pages
= 0, next
;
406 unsigned long last_map_addr
= end
;
409 pte_t
*pte
= pte_page
+ pte_index(addr
);
411 for (i
= pte_index(addr
); i
< PTRS_PER_PTE
; i
++, addr
= next
, pte
++) {
412 next
= (addr
& PAGE_MASK
) + PAGE_SIZE
;
414 if (!after_bootmem
&&
415 !e820_any_mapped(addr
& PAGE_MASK
, next
, E820_RAM
) &&
416 !e820_any_mapped(addr
& PAGE_MASK
, next
, E820_RESERVED_KERN
))
417 set_pte(pte
, __pte(0));
422 * We will re-use the existing mapping.
423 * Xen for example has some special requirements, like mapping
424 * pagetable pages as RO. So assume someone who pre-setup
425 * these mappings are more intelligent.
434 printk(" pte=%p addr=%lx pte=%016lx\n",
435 pte
, addr
, pfn_pte(addr
>> PAGE_SHIFT
, PAGE_KERNEL
).pte
);
437 set_pte(pte
, pfn_pte(addr
>> PAGE_SHIFT
, prot
));
438 last_map_addr
= (addr
& PAGE_MASK
) + PAGE_SIZE
;
441 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_4K
, pages
);
443 return last_map_addr
;
446 static unsigned long __meminit
447 phys_pmd_init(pmd_t
*pmd_page
, unsigned long address
, unsigned long end
,
448 unsigned long page_size_mask
, pgprot_t prot
)
450 unsigned long pages
= 0, next
;
451 unsigned long last_map_addr
= end
;
453 int i
= pmd_index(address
);
455 for (; i
< PTRS_PER_PMD
; i
++, address
= next
) {
456 pmd_t
*pmd
= pmd_page
+ pmd_index(address
);
458 pgprot_t new_prot
= prot
;
460 next
= (address
& PMD_MASK
) + PMD_SIZE
;
461 if (address
>= end
) {
462 if (!after_bootmem
&&
463 !e820_any_mapped(address
& PMD_MASK
, next
, E820_RAM
) &&
464 !e820_any_mapped(address
& PMD_MASK
, next
, E820_RESERVED_KERN
))
465 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(0));
470 if (!pmd_large(*pmd
)) {
471 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
472 pte
= (pte_t
*)pmd_page_vaddr(*pmd
);
473 last_map_addr
= phys_pte_init(pte
, address
,
475 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
479 * If we are ok with PG_LEVEL_2M mapping, then we will
480 * use the existing mapping,
482 * Otherwise, we will split the large page mapping but
483 * use the same existing protection bits except for
484 * large page, so that we don't violate Intel's TLB
485 * Application note (317080) which says, while changing
486 * the page sizes, new and old translations should
487 * not differ with respect to page frame and
490 if (page_size_mask
& (1 << PG_LEVEL_2M
)) {
493 last_map_addr
= next
;
496 new_prot
= pte_pgprot(pte_clrhuge(*(pte_t
*)pmd
));
499 if (page_size_mask
& (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M
)) {
501 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
502 set_pte((pte_t
*)pmd
,
503 pfn_pte((address
& PMD_MASK
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
,
504 __pgprot(pgprot_val(prot
) | _PAGE_PSE
)));
505 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
506 last_map_addr
= next
;
510 pte
= alloc_low_page();
511 last_map_addr
= phys_pte_init(pte
, address
, end
, new_prot
);
513 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
514 pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm
, pmd
, pte
);
515 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
517 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_2M
, pages
);
518 return last_map_addr
;
521 static unsigned long __meminit
522 phys_pud_init(pud_t
*pud_page
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
523 unsigned long page_size_mask
)
525 unsigned long pages
= 0, next
;
526 unsigned long last_map_addr
= end
;
527 int i
= pud_index(addr
);
529 for (; i
< PTRS_PER_PUD
; i
++, addr
= next
) {
530 pud_t
*pud
= pud_page
+ pud_index(addr
);
532 pgprot_t prot
= PAGE_KERNEL
;
534 next
= (addr
& PUD_MASK
) + PUD_SIZE
;
536 if (!after_bootmem
&&
537 !e820_any_mapped(addr
& PUD_MASK
, next
, E820_RAM
) &&
538 !e820_any_mapped(addr
& PUD_MASK
, next
, E820_RESERVED_KERN
))
539 set_pud(pud
, __pud(0));
544 if (!pud_large(*pud
)) {
545 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, 0);
546 last_map_addr
= phys_pmd_init(pmd
, addr
, end
,
547 page_size_mask
, prot
);
552 * If we are ok with PG_LEVEL_1G mapping, then we will
553 * use the existing mapping.
555 * Otherwise, we will split the gbpage mapping but use
556 * the same existing protection bits except for large
557 * page, so that we don't violate Intel's TLB
558 * Application note (317080) which says, while changing
559 * the page sizes, new and old translations should
560 * not differ with respect to page frame and
563 if (page_size_mask
& (1 << PG_LEVEL_1G
)) {
566 last_map_addr
= next
;
569 prot
= pte_pgprot(pte_clrhuge(*(pte_t
*)pud
));
572 if (page_size_mask
& (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G
)) {
574 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
575 set_pte((pte_t
*)pud
,
576 pfn_pte((addr
& PUD_MASK
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
,
578 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
579 last_map_addr
= next
;
583 pmd
= alloc_low_page();
584 last_map_addr
= phys_pmd_init(pmd
, addr
, end
, page_size_mask
,
587 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
588 pud_populate(&init_mm
, pud
, pmd
);
589 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
593 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_1G
, pages
);
595 return last_map_addr
;
598 unsigned long __meminit
599 kernel_physical_mapping_init(unsigned long start
,
601 unsigned long page_size_mask
)
603 bool pgd_changed
= false;
604 unsigned long next
, last_map_addr
= end
;
607 start
= (unsigned long)__va(start
);
608 end
= (unsigned long)__va(end
);
611 for (; start
< end
; start
= next
) {
612 pgd_t
*pgd
= pgd_offset_k(start
);
615 next
= (start
& PGDIR_MASK
) + PGDIR_SIZE
;
618 pud
= (pud_t
*)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd
);
619 last_map_addr
= phys_pud_init(pud
, __pa(start
),
620 __pa(end
), page_size_mask
);
624 pud
= alloc_low_page();
625 last_map_addr
= phys_pud_init(pud
, __pa(start
), __pa(end
),
628 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
629 pgd_populate(&init_mm
, pgd
, pud
);
630 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
635 sync_global_pgds(addr
, end
- 1);
639 return last_map_addr
;
643 void __init
initmem_init(void)
645 memblock_set_node(0, (phys_addr_t
)ULLONG_MAX
, 0);
649 void __init
paging_init(void)
651 sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(MAX_NUMNODES
);
655 * clear the default setting with node 0
656 * note: don't use nodes_clear here, that is really clearing when
657 * numa support is not compiled in, and later node_set_state
658 * will not set it back.
660 node_clear_state(0, N_MEMORY
);
661 if (N_MEMORY
!= N_NORMAL_MEMORY
)
662 node_clear_state(0, N_NORMAL_MEMORY
);
668 * Memory hotplug specific functions
670 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
672 * After memory hotplug the variables max_pfn, max_low_pfn and high_memory need
675 static void update_end_of_memory_vars(u64 start
, u64 size
)
677 unsigned long end_pfn
= PFN_UP(start
+ size
);
679 if (end_pfn
> max_pfn
) {
681 max_low_pfn
= end_pfn
;
682 high_memory
= (void *)__va(max_pfn
* PAGE_SIZE
- 1) + 1;
687 * Memory is added always to NORMAL zone. This means you will never get
688 * additional DMA/DMA32 memory.
690 int arch_add_memory(int nid
, u64 start
, u64 size
)
692 struct pglist_data
*pgdat
= NODE_DATA(nid
);
693 struct zone
*zone
= pgdat
->node_zones
+ ZONE_NORMAL
;
694 unsigned long start_pfn
= start
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
695 unsigned long nr_pages
= size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
698 init_memory_mapping(start
, start
+ size
);
700 ret
= __add_pages(nid
, zone
, start_pfn
, nr_pages
);
703 /* update max_pfn, max_low_pfn and high_memory */
704 update_end_of_memory_vars(start
, size
);
708 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(arch_add_memory
);
710 #define PAGE_INUSE 0xFD
712 static void __meminit
free_pagetable(struct page
*page
, int order
)
715 bool bootmem
= false;
717 unsigned int nr_pages
= 1 << order
;
719 /* bootmem page has reserved flag */
720 if (PageReserved(page
)) {
721 __ClearPageReserved(page
);
724 magic
= (unsigned long)page
->lru
.next
;
725 if (magic
== SECTION_INFO
|| magic
== MIX_SECTION_INFO
) {
727 put_page_bootmem(page
++);
729 __free_pages_bootmem(page
, order
);
731 free_pages((unsigned long)page_address(page
), order
);
734 * SECTION_INFO pages and MIX_SECTION_INFO pages
735 * are all allocated by bootmem.
738 zone
= page_zone(page
);
739 zone_span_writelock(zone
);
740 zone
->present_pages
+= nr_pages
;
741 zone_span_writeunlock(zone
);
742 totalram_pages
+= nr_pages
;
746 static void __meminit
free_pte_table(pte_t
*pte_start
, pmd_t
*pmd
)
751 for (i
= 0; i
< PTRS_PER_PTE
; i
++) {
757 /* free a pte talbe */
758 free_pagetable(pmd_page(*pmd
), 0);
759 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
761 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
764 static void __meminit
free_pmd_table(pmd_t
*pmd_start
, pud_t
*pud
)
769 for (i
= 0; i
< PTRS_PER_PMD
; i
++) {
775 /* free a pmd talbe */
776 free_pagetable(pud_page(*pud
), 0);
777 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
779 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
782 /* Return true if pgd is changed, otherwise return false. */
783 static bool __meminit
free_pud_table(pud_t
*pud_start
, pgd_t
*pgd
)
788 for (i
= 0; i
< PTRS_PER_PUD
; i
++) {
794 /* free a pud table */
795 free_pagetable(pgd_page(*pgd
), 0);
796 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
798 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
803 static void __meminit
804 remove_pte_table(pte_t
*pte_start
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
807 unsigned long next
, pages
= 0;
810 phys_addr_t phys_addr
;
812 pte
= pte_start
+ pte_index(addr
);
813 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
, pte
++) {
814 next
= (addr
+ PAGE_SIZE
) & PAGE_MASK
;
818 if (!pte_present(*pte
))
822 * We mapped [0,1G) memory as identity mapping when
823 * initializing, in arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S. These
824 * pagetables cannot be removed.
826 phys_addr
= pte_val(*pte
) + (addr
& PAGE_MASK
);
827 if (phys_addr
< (phys_addr_t
)0x40000000)
830 if (IS_ALIGNED(addr
, PAGE_SIZE
) &&
831 IS_ALIGNED(next
, PAGE_SIZE
)) {
833 * Do not free direct mapping pages since they were
834 * freed when offlining, or simplely not in use.
837 free_pagetable(pte_page(*pte
), 0);
839 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
840 pte_clear(&init_mm
, addr
, pte
);
841 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
843 /* For non-direct mapping, pages means nothing. */
847 * If we are here, we are freeing vmemmap pages since
848 * direct mapped memory ranges to be freed are aligned.
850 * If we are not removing the whole page, it means
851 * other page structs in this page are being used and
852 * we canot remove them. So fill the unused page_structs
853 * with 0xFD, and remove the page when it is wholly
856 memset((void *)addr
, PAGE_INUSE
, next
- addr
);
858 page_addr
= page_address(pte_page(*pte
));
859 if (!memchr_inv(page_addr
, PAGE_INUSE
, PAGE_SIZE
)) {
860 free_pagetable(pte_page(*pte
), 0);
862 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
863 pte_clear(&init_mm
, addr
, pte
);
864 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
869 /* Call free_pte_table() in remove_pmd_table(). */
872 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_4K
, -pages
);
875 static void __meminit
876 remove_pmd_table(pmd_t
*pmd_start
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
879 unsigned long next
, pages
= 0;
884 pmd
= pmd_start
+ pmd_index(addr
);
885 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
, pmd
++) {
886 next
= pmd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
888 if (!pmd_present(*pmd
))
891 if (pmd_large(*pmd
)) {
892 if (IS_ALIGNED(addr
, PMD_SIZE
) &&
893 IS_ALIGNED(next
, PMD_SIZE
)) {
895 free_pagetable(pmd_page(*pmd
),
896 get_order(PMD_SIZE
));
898 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
900 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
903 /* If here, we are freeing vmemmap pages. */
904 memset((void *)addr
, PAGE_INUSE
, next
- addr
);
906 page_addr
= page_address(pmd_page(*pmd
));
907 if (!memchr_inv(page_addr
, PAGE_INUSE
,
909 free_pagetable(pmd_page(*pmd
),
910 get_order(PMD_SIZE
));
912 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
914 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
921 pte_base
= (pte_t
*)pmd_page_vaddr(*pmd
);
922 remove_pte_table(pte_base
, addr
, next
, direct
);
923 free_pte_table(pte_base
, pmd
);
926 /* Call free_pmd_table() in remove_pud_table(). */
928 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_2M
, -pages
);
931 static void __meminit
932 remove_pud_table(pud_t
*pud_start
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
935 unsigned long next
, pages
= 0;
940 pud
= pud_start
+ pud_index(addr
);
941 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
, pud
++) {
942 next
= pud_addr_end(addr
, end
);
944 if (!pud_present(*pud
))
947 if (pud_large(*pud
)) {
948 if (IS_ALIGNED(addr
, PUD_SIZE
) &&
949 IS_ALIGNED(next
, PUD_SIZE
)) {
951 free_pagetable(pud_page(*pud
),
952 get_order(PUD_SIZE
));
954 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
956 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
959 /* If here, we are freeing vmemmap pages. */
960 memset((void *)addr
, PAGE_INUSE
, next
- addr
);
962 page_addr
= page_address(pud_page(*pud
));
963 if (!memchr_inv(page_addr
, PAGE_INUSE
,
965 free_pagetable(pud_page(*pud
),
966 get_order(PUD_SIZE
));
968 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
970 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
977 pmd_base
= (pmd_t
*)pud_page_vaddr(*pud
);
978 remove_pmd_table(pmd_base
, addr
, next
, direct
);
979 free_pmd_table(pmd_base
, pud
);
983 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_1G
, -pages
);
986 /* start and end are both virtual address. */
987 static void __meminit
988 remove_pagetable(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
, bool direct
)
993 bool pgd_changed
= false;
995 for (; start
< end
; start
= next
) {
996 next
= pgd_addr_end(start
, end
);
998 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(start
);
999 if (!pgd_present(*pgd
))
1002 pud
= (pud_t
*)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd
);
1003 remove_pud_table(pud
, start
, next
, direct
);
1004 if (free_pud_table(pud
, pgd
))
1009 sync_global_pgds(start
, end
- 1);
1014 void __ref
vmemmap_free(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
1016 remove_pagetable(start
, end
, false);
1019 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
1020 static void __meminit
1021 kernel_physical_mapping_remove(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
1023 start
= (unsigned long)__va(start
);
1024 end
= (unsigned long)__va(end
);
1026 remove_pagetable(start
, end
, true);
1029 int __ref
arch_remove_memory(u64 start
, u64 size
)
1031 unsigned long start_pfn
= start
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
1032 unsigned long nr_pages
= size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
1036 zone
= page_zone(pfn_to_page(start_pfn
));
1037 kernel_physical_mapping_remove(start
, start
+ size
);
1038 ret
= __remove_pages(zone
, start_pfn
, nr_pages
);
1044 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
1046 static struct kcore_list kcore_vsyscall
;
1048 static void __init
register_page_bootmem_info(void)
1053 for_each_online_node(i
)
1054 register_page_bootmem_info_node(NODE_DATA(i
));
1058 void __init
mem_init(void)
1060 long codesize
, reservedpages
, datasize
, initsize
;
1061 unsigned long absent_pages
;
1065 /* clear_bss() already clear the empty_zero_page */
1067 register_page_bootmem_info();
1069 /* this will put all memory onto the freelists */
1070 totalram_pages
= free_all_bootmem();
1072 absent_pages
= absent_pages_in_range(0, max_pfn
);
1073 reservedpages
= max_pfn
- totalram_pages
- absent_pages
;
1076 codesize
= (unsigned long) &_etext
- (unsigned long) &_text
;
1077 datasize
= (unsigned long) &_edata
- (unsigned long) &_etext
;
1078 initsize
= (unsigned long) &__init_end
- (unsigned long) &__init_begin
;
1080 /* Register memory areas for /proc/kcore */
1081 kclist_add(&kcore_vsyscall
, (void *)VSYSCALL_START
,
1082 VSYSCALL_END
- VSYSCALL_START
, KCORE_OTHER
);
1084 printk(KERN_INFO
"Memory: %luk/%luk available (%ldk kernel code, "
1085 "%ldk absent, %ldk reserved, %ldk data, %ldk init)\n",
1086 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
1087 max_pfn
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
1089 absent_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
1090 reservedpages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
1095 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
1096 const int rodata_test_data
= 0xC3;
1097 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rodata_test_data
);
1099 int kernel_set_to_readonly
;
1101 void set_kernel_text_rw(void)
1103 unsigned long start
= PFN_ALIGN(_text
);
1104 unsigned long end
= PFN_ALIGN(__stop___ex_table
);
1106 if (!kernel_set_to_readonly
)
1109 pr_debug("Set kernel text: %lx - %lx for read write\n",
1113 * Make the kernel identity mapping for text RW. Kernel text
1114 * mapping will always be RO. Refer to the comment in
1115 * static_protections() in pageattr.c
1117 set_memory_rw(start
, (end
- start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1120 void set_kernel_text_ro(void)
1122 unsigned long start
= PFN_ALIGN(_text
);
1123 unsigned long end
= PFN_ALIGN(__stop___ex_table
);
1125 if (!kernel_set_to_readonly
)
1128 pr_debug("Set kernel text: %lx - %lx for read only\n",
1132 * Set the kernel identity mapping for text RO.
1134 set_memory_ro(start
, (end
- start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1137 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
1139 unsigned long start
= PFN_ALIGN(_text
);
1140 unsigned long rodata_start
= PFN_ALIGN(__start_rodata
);
1141 unsigned long end
= (unsigned long) &__end_rodata_hpage_align
;
1142 unsigned long text_end
= PFN_ALIGN(&__stop___ex_table
);
1143 unsigned long rodata_end
= PFN_ALIGN(&__end_rodata
);
1144 unsigned long all_end
= PFN_ALIGN(&_end
);
1146 printk(KERN_INFO
"Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
1147 (end
- start
) >> 10);
1148 set_memory_ro(start
, (end
- start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1150 kernel_set_to_readonly
= 1;
1153 * The rodata/data/bss/brk section (but not the kernel text!)
1154 * should also be not-executable.
1156 set_memory_nx(rodata_start
, (all_end
- rodata_start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1160 #ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
1161 printk(KERN_INFO
"Testing CPA: undo %lx-%lx\n", start
, end
);
1162 set_memory_rw(start
, (end
-start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1164 printk(KERN_INFO
"Testing CPA: again\n");
1165 set_memory_ro(start
, (end
-start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1168 free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
1169 (unsigned long) __va(__pa_symbol(text_end
)),
1170 (unsigned long) __va(__pa_symbol(rodata_start
)));
1172 free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
1173 (unsigned long) __va(__pa_symbol(rodata_end
)),
1174 (unsigned long) __va(__pa_symbol(_sdata
)));
1179 int kern_addr_valid(unsigned long addr
)
1181 unsigned long above
= ((long)addr
) >> __VIRTUAL_MASK_SHIFT
;
1187 if (above
!= 0 && above
!= -1UL)
1190 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(addr
);
1194 pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, addr
);
1198 if (pud_large(*pud
))
1199 return pfn_valid(pud_pfn(*pud
));
1201 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
1205 if (pmd_large(*pmd
))
1206 return pfn_valid(pmd_pfn(*pmd
));
1208 pte
= pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, addr
);
1212 return pfn_valid(pte_pfn(*pte
));
1216 * A pseudo VMA to allow ptrace access for the vsyscall page. This only
1217 * covers the 64bit vsyscall page now. 32bit has a real VMA now and does
1218 * not need special handling anymore:
1220 static struct vm_area_struct gate_vma
= {
1221 .vm_start
= VSYSCALL_START
,
1222 .vm_end
= VSYSCALL_START
+ (VSYSCALL_MAPPED_PAGES
* PAGE_SIZE
),
1223 .vm_page_prot
= PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
,
1224 .vm_flags
= VM_READ
| VM_EXEC
1227 struct vm_area_struct
*get_gate_vma(struct mm_struct
*mm
)
1229 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
1230 if (!mm
|| mm
->context
.ia32_compat
)
1236 int in_gate_area(struct mm_struct
*mm
, unsigned long addr
)
1238 struct vm_area_struct
*vma
= get_gate_vma(mm
);
1243 return (addr
>= vma
->vm_start
) && (addr
< vma
->vm_end
);
1247 * Use this when you have no reliable mm, typically from interrupt
1248 * context. It is less reliable than using a task's mm and may give
1251 int in_gate_area_no_mm(unsigned long addr
)
1253 return (addr
>= VSYSCALL_START
) && (addr
< VSYSCALL_END
);
1256 const char *arch_vma_name(struct vm_area_struct
*vma
)
1258 if (vma
->vm_mm
&& vma
->vm_start
== (long)vma
->vm_mm
->context
.vdso
)
1260 if (vma
== &gate_vma
)
1261 return "[vsyscall]";
1265 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_UV
1266 unsigned long memory_block_size_bytes(void)
1268 if (is_uv_system()) {
1269 printk(KERN_INFO
"UV: memory block size 2GB\n");
1270 return 2UL * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
1272 return MIN_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE
;
1276 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
1278 * Initialise the sparsemem vmemmap using huge-pages at the PMD level.
1280 static long __meminitdata addr_start
, addr_end
;
1281 static void __meminitdata
*p_start
, *p_end
;
1282 static int __meminitdata node_start
;
1284 static int __meminit
vmemmap_populate_hugepages(unsigned long start
,
1285 unsigned long end
, int node
)
1293 for (addr
= start
; addr
< end
; addr
= next
) {
1294 next
= pmd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
1296 pgd
= vmemmap_pgd_populate(addr
, node
);
1300 pud
= vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd
, addr
, node
);
1304 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
1305 if (pmd_none(*pmd
)) {
1308 p
= vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(PMD_SIZE
, node
);
1312 entry
= pfn_pte(__pa(p
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
,
1314 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(pte_val(entry
)));
1316 /* check to see if we have contiguous blocks */
1317 if (p_end
!= p
|| node_start
!= node
) {
1319 printk(KERN_DEBUG
" [%lx-%lx] PMD -> [%p-%p] on node %d\n",
1320 addr_start
, addr_end
-1, p_start
, p_end
-1, node_start
);
1326 addr_end
= addr
+ PMD_SIZE
;
1327 p_end
= p
+ PMD_SIZE
;
1330 } else if (pmd_large(*pmd
)) {
1331 vmemmap_verify((pte_t
*)pmd
, node
, addr
, next
);
1334 pr_warn_once("vmemmap: falling back to regular page backing\n");
1335 if (vmemmap_populate_basepages(addr
, next
, node
))
1341 int __meminit
vmemmap_populate(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
, int node
)
1346 err
= vmemmap_populate_hugepages(start
, end
, node
);
1348 err
= vmemmap_populate_basepages(start
, end
, node
);
1350 sync_global_pgds(start
, end
- 1);
1354 #if defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE) && defined(CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE)
1355 void register_page_bootmem_memmap(unsigned long section_nr
,
1356 struct page
*start_page
, unsigned long size
)
1358 unsigned long addr
= (unsigned long)start_page
;
1359 unsigned long end
= (unsigned long)(start_page
+ size
);
1364 unsigned int nr_pages
;
1367 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
) {
1370 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(addr
);
1371 if (pgd_none(*pgd
)) {
1372 next
= (addr
+ PAGE_SIZE
) & PAGE_MASK
;
1375 get_page_bootmem(section_nr
, pgd_page(*pgd
), MIX_SECTION_INFO
);
1377 pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, addr
);
1378 if (pud_none(*pud
)) {
1379 next
= (addr
+ PAGE_SIZE
) & PAGE_MASK
;
1382 get_page_bootmem(section_nr
, pud_page(*pud
), MIX_SECTION_INFO
);
1385 next
= (addr
+ PAGE_SIZE
) & PAGE_MASK
;
1386 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
1389 get_page_bootmem(section_nr
, pmd_page(*pmd
),
1392 pte
= pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, addr
);
1395 get_page_bootmem(section_nr
, pte_page(*pte
),
1398 next
= pmd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
1400 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
1404 nr_pages
= 1 << (get_order(PMD_SIZE
));
1405 page
= pmd_page(*pmd
);
1407 get_page_bootmem(section_nr
, page
++,
1414 void __meminit
vmemmap_populate_print_last(void)
1417 printk(KERN_DEBUG
" [%lx-%lx] PMD -> [%p-%p] on node %d\n",
1418 addr_start
, addr_end
-1, p_start
, p_end
-1, node_start
);