2 * linux/arch/x86_64/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
6 * Copyright (C) 2002,2003 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
9 #include <linux/signal.h>
10 #include <linux/sched.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
13 #include <linux/string.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
16 #include <linux/mman.h>
18 #include <linux/swap.h>
19 #include <linux/smp.h>
20 #include <linux/init.h>
21 #include <linux/initrd.h>
22 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
23 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
24 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
25 #include <linux/pci.h>
26 #include <linux/pfn.h>
27 #include <linux/poison.h>
28 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
29 #include <linux/module.h>
30 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
31 #include <linux/nmi.h>
33 #include <asm/processor.h>
34 #include <asm/system.h>
35 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
36 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
37 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
39 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
43 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
44 #include <asm/proto.h>
46 #include <asm/sections.h>
47 #include <asm/kdebug.h>
49 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
52 * end_pfn only includes RAM, while max_pfn_mapped includes all e820 entries.
53 * The direct mapping extends to max_pfn_mapped, so that we can directly access
54 * apertures, ACPI and other tables without having to play with fixmaps.
56 unsigned long max_low_pfn_mapped
;
57 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped
;
59 static unsigned long dma_reserve __initdata
;
61 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mmu_gather
, mmu_gathers
);
64 #ifdef CONFIG_DIRECT_GBPAGES
69 static int __init
parse_direct_gbpages_off(char *arg
)
74 early_param("nogbpages", parse_direct_gbpages_off
);
76 static int __init
parse_direct_gbpages_on(char *arg
)
81 early_param("gbpages", parse_direct_gbpages_on
);
84 * NOTE: pagetable_init alloc all the fixmap pagetables contiguous on the
85 * physical space so we can cache the place of the first one and move
86 * around without checking the pgd every time.
92 * NOTE: This function is marked __ref because it calls __init function
93 * (alloc_bootmem_pages). It's safe to do it ONLY when after_bootmem == 0.
95 static __ref
void *spp_getpage(void)
100 ptr
= (void *) get_zeroed_page(GFP_ATOMIC
);
102 ptr
= alloc_bootmem_pages(PAGE_SIZE
);
104 if (!ptr
|| ((unsigned long)ptr
& ~PAGE_MASK
)) {
105 panic("set_pte_phys: cannot allocate page data %s\n",
106 after_bootmem
? "after bootmem" : "");
109 pr_debug("spp_getpage %p\n", ptr
);
115 set_pte_vaddr_pud(pud_t
*pud_page
, unsigned long vaddr
, pte_t new_pte
)
121 pud
= pud_page
+ pud_index(vaddr
);
122 if (pud_none(*pud
)) {
123 pmd
= (pmd_t
*) spp_getpage();
124 pud_populate(&init_mm
, pud
, pmd
);
125 if (pmd
!= pmd_offset(pud
, 0)) {
126 printk(KERN_ERR
"PAGETABLE BUG #01! %p <-> %p\n",
127 pmd
, pmd_offset(pud
, 0));
131 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, vaddr
);
132 if (pmd_none(*pmd
)) {
133 pte
= (pte_t
*) spp_getpage();
134 pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm
, pmd
, pte
);
135 if (pte
!= pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, 0)) {
136 printk(KERN_ERR
"PAGETABLE BUG #02!\n");
141 pte
= pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, vaddr
);
142 if (!pte_none(*pte
) && pte_val(new_pte
) &&
143 pte_val(*pte
) != (pte_val(new_pte
) & __supported_pte_mask
))
145 set_pte(pte
, new_pte
);
148 * It's enough to flush this one mapping.
149 * (PGE mappings get flushed as well)
151 __flush_tlb_one(vaddr
);
155 set_pte_vaddr(unsigned long vaddr
, pte_t pteval
)
160 pr_debug("set_pte_vaddr %lx to %lx\n", vaddr
, native_pte_val(pteval
));
162 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(vaddr
);
163 if (pgd_none(*pgd
)) {
165 "PGD FIXMAP MISSING, it should be setup in head.S!\n");
168 pud_page
= (pud_t
*)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd
);
169 set_pte_vaddr_pud(pud_page
, vaddr
, pteval
);
173 * Create large page table mappings for a range of physical addresses.
175 static void __init
__init_extra_mapping(unsigned long phys
, unsigned long size
,
182 BUG_ON((phys
& ~PMD_MASK
) || (size
& ~PMD_MASK
));
183 for (; size
; phys
+= PMD_SIZE
, size
-= PMD_SIZE
) {
184 pgd
= pgd_offset_k((unsigned long)__va(phys
));
185 if (pgd_none(*pgd
)) {
186 pud
= (pud_t
*) spp_getpage();
187 set_pgd(pgd
, __pgd(__pa(pud
) | _KERNPG_TABLE
|
190 pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, (unsigned long)__va(phys
));
191 if (pud_none(*pud
)) {
192 pmd
= (pmd_t
*) spp_getpage();
193 set_pud(pud
, __pud(__pa(pmd
) | _KERNPG_TABLE
|
196 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, phys
);
197 BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*pmd
));
198 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(phys
| pgprot_val(prot
)));
202 void __init
init_extra_mapping_wb(unsigned long phys
, unsigned long size
)
204 __init_extra_mapping(phys
, size
, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE
);
207 void __init
init_extra_mapping_uc(unsigned long phys
, unsigned long size
)
209 __init_extra_mapping(phys
, size
, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_NOCACHE
);
213 * The head.S code sets up the kernel high mapping:
215 * from __START_KERNEL_map to __START_KERNEL_map + size (== _end-_text)
217 * phys_addr holds the negative offset to the kernel, which is added
218 * to the compile time generated pmds. This results in invalid pmds up
219 * to the point where we hit the physaddr 0 mapping.
221 * We limit the mappings to the region from _text to _end. _end is
222 * rounded up to the 2MB boundary. This catches the invalid pmds as
223 * well, as they are located before _text:
225 void __init
cleanup_highmap(void)
227 unsigned long vaddr
= __START_KERNEL_map
;
228 unsigned long end
= round_up((unsigned long)_end
, PMD_SIZE
) - 1;
229 pmd_t
*pmd
= level2_kernel_pgt
;
230 pmd_t
*last_pmd
= pmd
+ PTRS_PER_PMD
;
232 for (; pmd
< last_pmd
; pmd
++, vaddr
+= PMD_SIZE
) {
235 if (vaddr
< (unsigned long) _text
|| vaddr
> end
)
236 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(0));
240 static unsigned long __initdata table_start
;
241 static unsigned long __meminitdata table_end
;
242 static unsigned long __meminitdata table_top
;
244 static __ref
void *alloc_low_page(unsigned long *phys
)
246 unsigned long pfn
= table_end
++;
250 adr
= (void *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_ATOMIC
);
256 if (pfn
>= table_top
)
257 panic("alloc_low_page: ran out of memory");
259 adr
= early_ioremap(pfn
* PAGE_SIZE
, PAGE_SIZE
);
260 memset(adr
, 0, PAGE_SIZE
);
261 *phys
= pfn
* PAGE_SIZE
;
265 static __ref
void unmap_low_page(void *adr
)
270 early_iounmap(adr
, PAGE_SIZE
);
273 static int physical_mapping_iter
;
275 static unsigned long __meminit
276 phys_pte_init(pte_t
*pte_page
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
)
279 unsigned long last_map_addr
= end
;
282 pte_t
*pte
= pte_page
+ pte_index(addr
);
284 for(i
= pte_index(addr
); i
< PTRS_PER_PTE
; i
++, addr
+= PAGE_SIZE
, pte
++) {
287 if (!after_bootmem
) {
288 for(; i
< PTRS_PER_PTE
; i
++, pte
++)
289 set_pte(pte
, __pte(0));
298 printk(" pte=%p addr=%lx pte=%016lx\n",
299 pte
, addr
, pfn_pte(addr
>> PAGE_SHIFT
, PAGE_KERNEL
).pte
);
302 set_pte(pte
, pfn_pte(addr
>> PAGE_SHIFT
, PAGE_KERNEL
));
303 last_map_addr
= (addr
& PAGE_MASK
) + PAGE_SIZE
;
306 if (physical_mapping_iter
== 1)
307 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_4K
, pages
);
309 return last_map_addr
;
312 static unsigned long __meminit
313 phys_pte_update(pmd_t
*pmd
, unsigned long address
, unsigned long end
)
315 pte_t
*pte
= (pte_t
*)pmd_page_vaddr(*pmd
);
317 return phys_pte_init(pte
, address
, end
);
320 static unsigned long __meminit
321 phys_pmd_init(pmd_t
*pmd_page
, unsigned long address
, unsigned long end
,
322 unsigned long page_size_mask
)
324 unsigned long pages
= 0;
325 unsigned long last_map_addr
= end
;
327 int i
= pmd_index(address
);
329 for (; i
< PTRS_PER_PMD
; i
++, address
+= PMD_SIZE
) {
330 unsigned long pte_phys
;
331 pmd_t
*pmd
= pmd_page
+ pmd_index(address
);
334 if (address
>= end
) {
335 if (!after_bootmem
) {
336 for (; i
< PTRS_PER_PMD
; i
++, pmd
++)
337 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(0));
343 if (!pmd_large(*pmd
)) {
344 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
345 last_map_addr
= phys_pte_update(pmd
, address
,
347 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
353 if (page_size_mask
& (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M
)) {
356 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
357 set_pte((pte_t
*)pmd
,
358 pfn_pte(address
>> PAGE_SHIFT
, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE
));
359 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
360 last_map_addr
= (address
& PMD_MASK
) + PMD_SIZE
;
364 pte
= alloc_low_page(&pte_phys
);
365 last_map_addr
= phys_pte_init(pte
, address
, end
);
368 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
369 pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm
, pmd
, __va(pte_phys
));
370 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
372 if (physical_mapping_iter
== 1)
373 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_2M
, pages
);
374 return last_map_addr
;
377 static unsigned long __meminit
378 phys_pmd_update(pud_t
*pud
, unsigned long address
, unsigned long end
,
379 unsigned long page_size_mask
)
381 pmd_t
*pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, 0);
382 unsigned long last_map_addr
;
384 last_map_addr
= phys_pmd_init(pmd
, address
, end
, page_size_mask
);
386 return last_map_addr
;
389 static unsigned long __meminit
390 phys_pud_init(pud_t
*pud_page
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
391 unsigned long page_size_mask
)
393 unsigned long pages
= 0;
394 unsigned long last_map_addr
= end
;
395 int i
= pud_index(addr
);
397 for (; i
< PTRS_PER_PUD
; i
++, addr
= (addr
& PUD_MASK
) + PUD_SIZE
) {
398 unsigned long pmd_phys
;
399 pud_t
*pud
= pud_page
+ pud_index(addr
);
405 if (!after_bootmem
&&
406 !e820_any_mapped(addr
, addr
+PUD_SIZE
, 0)) {
407 set_pud(pud
, __pud(0));
412 if (!pud_large(*pud
)) {
413 last_map_addr
= phys_pmd_update(pud
, addr
, end
,
421 if (page_size_mask
& (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G
)) {
424 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
425 set_pte((pte_t
*)pud
,
426 pfn_pte(addr
>> PAGE_SHIFT
, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE
));
427 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
428 last_map_addr
= (addr
& PUD_MASK
) + PUD_SIZE
;
432 pmd
= alloc_low_page(&pmd_phys
);
433 last_map_addr
= phys_pmd_init(pmd
, addr
, end
, page_size_mask
);
436 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
437 pud_populate(&init_mm
, pud
, __va(pmd_phys
));
438 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
442 if (physical_mapping_iter
== 1)
443 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_1G
, pages
);
445 return last_map_addr
;
448 static unsigned long __meminit
449 phys_pud_update(pgd_t
*pgd
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
450 unsigned long page_size_mask
)
454 pud
= (pud_t
*)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd
);
456 return phys_pud_init(pud
, addr
, end
, page_size_mask
);
459 static void __init
find_early_table_space(unsigned long end
, int use_pse
,
462 unsigned long puds
, pmds
, ptes
, tables
, start
;
464 puds
= (end
+ PUD_SIZE
- 1) >> PUD_SHIFT
;
465 tables
= round_up(puds
* sizeof(pud_t
), PAGE_SIZE
);
468 extra
= end
- ((end
>>PUD_SHIFT
) << PUD_SHIFT
);
469 pmds
= (extra
+ PMD_SIZE
- 1) >> PMD_SHIFT
;
471 pmds
= (end
+ PMD_SIZE
- 1) >> PMD_SHIFT
;
472 tables
+= round_up(pmds
* sizeof(pmd_t
), PAGE_SIZE
);
476 extra
= end
- ((end
>>PMD_SHIFT
) << PMD_SHIFT
);
477 ptes
= (extra
+ PAGE_SIZE
- 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT
;
479 ptes
= (end
+ PAGE_SIZE
- 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT
;
480 tables
+= round_up(ptes
* sizeof(pte_t
), PAGE_SIZE
);
483 * RED-PEN putting page tables only on node 0 could
484 * cause a hotspot and fill up ZONE_DMA. The page tables
485 * need roughly 0.5KB per GB.
488 table_start
= find_e820_area(start
, end
, tables
, PAGE_SIZE
);
489 if (table_start
== -1UL)
490 panic("Cannot find space for the kernel page tables");
492 table_start
>>= PAGE_SHIFT
;
493 table_end
= table_start
;
494 table_top
= table_start
+ (tables
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
496 printk(KERN_DEBUG
"kernel direct mapping tables up to %lx @ %lx-%lx\n",
497 end
, table_start
<< PAGE_SHIFT
, table_top
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
500 static void __init
init_gbpages(void)
502 if (direct_gbpages
&& cpu_has_gbpages
)
503 printk(KERN_INFO
"Using GB pages for direct mapping\n");
508 static int is_kernel(unsigned long pfn
)
510 unsigned long pg_addresss
= pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
;
512 if (pg_addresss
>= (unsigned long) __pa(_text
) &&
513 pg_addresss
< (unsigned long) __pa(_end
))
519 static unsigned long __init
kernel_physical_mapping_init(unsigned long start
,
521 unsigned long page_size_mask
)
524 unsigned long next
, last_map_addr
;
525 u64 cached_supported_pte_mask
= __supported_pte_mask
;
526 unsigned long cache_start
= start
;
527 unsigned long cache_end
= end
;
530 * First iteration will setup identity mapping using large/small pages
531 * based on page_size_mask, with other attributes same as set by
532 * the early code in head_64.S
534 * Second iteration will setup the appropriate attributes
535 * as desired for the kernel identity mapping.
537 * This two pass mechanism conforms to the TLB app note which says:
539 * "Software should not write to a paging-structure entry in a way
540 * that would change, for any linear address, both the page size
541 * and either the page frame or attributes."
543 * For now, only difference between very early PTE attributes used in
544 * head_64.S and here is _PAGE_NX.
546 BUILD_BUG_ON((__PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE
& ~__PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC
)
548 __supported_pte_mask
&= ~(_PAGE_NX
);
549 physical_mapping_iter
= 1;
552 last_map_addr
= cache_end
;
554 start
= (unsigned long)__va(cache_start
);
555 end
= (unsigned long)__va(cache_end
);
557 for (; start
< end
; start
= next
) {
558 pgd_t
*pgd
= pgd_offset_k(start
);
559 unsigned long pud_phys
;
562 next
= (start
+ PGDIR_SIZE
) & PGDIR_MASK
;
568 * Static identity mappings will be overwritten
569 * with run-time mappings. For example, this allows
570 * the static 0-1GB identity mapping to be mapped
571 * non-executable with this.
573 if (is_kernel(pte_pfn(*((pte_t
*) pgd
))))
576 last_map_addr
= phys_pud_update(pgd
, __pa(start
),
577 __pa(end
), page_size_mask
);
582 pud
= alloc_low_page(&pud_phys
);
583 last_map_addr
= phys_pud_init(pud
, __pa(start
), __pa(next
),
587 spin_lock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
588 pgd_populate(&init_mm
, pgd
, __va(pud_phys
));
589 spin_unlock(&init_mm
.page_table_lock
);
593 if (physical_mapping_iter
== 1) {
594 physical_mapping_iter
= 2;
596 * Second iteration will set the actual desired PTE attributes.
598 __supported_pte_mask
= cached_supported_pte_mask
;
602 return last_map_addr
;
608 unsigned page_size_mask
;
611 #define NR_RANGE_MR 5
613 static int save_mr(struct map_range
*mr
, int nr_range
,
614 unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
,
615 unsigned long page_size_mask
)
618 if (start_pfn
< end_pfn
) {
619 if (nr_range
>= NR_RANGE_MR
)
620 panic("run out of range for init_memory_mapping\n");
621 mr
[nr_range
].start
= start_pfn
<<PAGE_SHIFT
;
622 mr
[nr_range
].end
= end_pfn
<<PAGE_SHIFT
;
623 mr
[nr_range
].page_size_mask
= page_size_mask
;
631 * Setup the direct mapping of the physical memory at PAGE_OFFSET.
632 * This runs before bootmem is initialized and gets pages directly from
633 * the physical memory. To access them they are temporarily mapped.
635 unsigned long __init_refok
init_memory_mapping(unsigned long start
,
638 unsigned long last_map_addr
= 0;
639 unsigned long page_size_mask
= 0;
640 unsigned long start_pfn
, end_pfn
;
642 struct map_range mr
[NR_RANGE_MR
];
644 int use_pse
, use_gbpages
;
646 printk(KERN_INFO
"init_memory_mapping\n");
649 * Find space for the kernel direct mapping tables.
651 * Later we should allocate these tables in the local node of the
652 * memory mapped. Unfortunately this is done currently before the
653 * nodes are discovered.
658 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
660 * For CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, identity mapping will use small pages.
661 * This will simplify cpa(), which otherwise needs to support splitting
662 * large pages into small in interrupt context, etc.
664 use_pse
= use_gbpages
= 0;
666 use_pse
= cpu_has_pse
;
667 use_gbpages
= direct_gbpages
;
671 page_size_mask
|= 1 << PG_LEVEL_1G
;
673 page_size_mask
|= 1 << PG_LEVEL_2M
;
675 memset(mr
, 0, sizeof(mr
));
678 /* head if not big page alignment ?*/
679 start_pfn
= start
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
680 end_pfn
= ((start
+ (PMD_SIZE
- 1)) >> PMD_SHIFT
)
681 << (PMD_SHIFT
- PAGE_SHIFT
);
682 nr_range
= save_mr(mr
, nr_range
, start_pfn
, end_pfn
, 0);
684 /* big page (2M) range*/
685 start_pfn
= ((start
+ (PMD_SIZE
- 1))>>PMD_SHIFT
)
686 << (PMD_SHIFT
- PAGE_SHIFT
);
687 end_pfn
= ((start
+ (PUD_SIZE
- 1))>>PUD_SHIFT
)
688 << (PUD_SHIFT
- PAGE_SHIFT
);
689 if (end_pfn
> ((end
>>PUD_SHIFT
)<<(PUD_SHIFT
- PAGE_SHIFT
)))
690 end_pfn
= ((end
>>PUD_SHIFT
)<<(PUD_SHIFT
- PAGE_SHIFT
));
691 nr_range
= save_mr(mr
, nr_range
, start_pfn
, end_pfn
,
692 page_size_mask
& (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M
));
694 /* big page (1G) range */
696 end_pfn
= (end
>>PUD_SHIFT
) << (PUD_SHIFT
- PAGE_SHIFT
);
697 nr_range
= save_mr(mr
, nr_range
, start_pfn
, end_pfn
,
699 ((1<<PG_LEVEL_2M
)|(1<<PG_LEVEL_1G
)));
701 /* tail is not big page (1G) alignment */
703 end_pfn
= (end
>>PMD_SHIFT
) << (PMD_SHIFT
- PAGE_SHIFT
);
704 nr_range
= save_mr(mr
, nr_range
, start_pfn
, end_pfn
,
705 page_size_mask
& (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M
));
707 /* tail is not big page (2M) alignment */
709 end_pfn
= end
>>PAGE_SHIFT
;
710 nr_range
= save_mr(mr
, nr_range
, start_pfn
, end_pfn
, 0);
712 /* try to merge same page size and continuous */
713 for (i
= 0; nr_range
> 1 && i
< nr_range
- 1; i
++) {
714 unsigned long old_start
;
715 if (mr
[i
].end
!= mr
[i
+1].start
||
716 mr
[i
].page_size_mask
!= mr
[i
+1].page_size_mask
)
719 old_start
= mr
[i
].start
;
720 memmove(&mr
[i
], &mr
[i
+1],
721 (nr_range
- 1 - i
) * sizeof (struct map_range
));
722 mr
[i
].start
= old_start
;
726 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_range
; i
++)
727 printk(KERN_DEBUG
" %010lx - %010lx page %s\n",
728 mr
[i
].start
, mr
[i
].end
,
729 (mr
[i
].page_size_mask
& (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G
))?"1G":(
730 (mr
[i
].page_size_mask
& (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M
))?"2M":"4k"));
733 find_early_table_space(end
, use_pse
, use_gbpages
);
735 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_range
; i
++)
736 last_map_addr
= kernel_physical_mapping_init(
737 mr
[i
].start
, mr
[i
].end
,
738 mr
[i
].page_size_mask
);
741 mmu_cr4_features
= read_cr4();
744 if (!after_bootmem
&& table_end
> table_start
)
745 reserve_early(table_start
<< PAGE_SHIFT
,
746 table_end
<< PAGE_SHIFT
, "PGTABLE");
748 printk(KERN_INFO
"last_map_addr: %lx end: %lx\n",
752 early_memtest(start
, end
);
754 return last_map_addr
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
758 void __init
initmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
760 unsigned long bootmap_size
, bootmap
;
762 bootmap_size
= bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn
)<<PAGE_SHIFT
;
763 bootmap
= find_e820_area(0, end_pfn
<<PAGE_SHIFT
, bootmap_size
,
766 panic("Cannot find bootmem map of size %ld\n", bootmap_size
);
767 /* don't touch min_low_pfn */
768 bootmap_size
= init_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(0), bootmap
>> PAGE_SHIFT
,
770 e820_register_active_regions(0, start_pfn
, end_pfn
);
771 free_bootmem_with_active_regions(0, end_pfn
);
772 early_res_to_bootmem(0, end_pfn
<<PAGE_SHIFT
);
773 reserve_bootmem(bootmap
, bootmap_size
, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT
);
776 void __init
paging_init(void)
778 unsigned long max_zone_pfns
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
780 memset(max_zone_pfns
, 0, sizeof(max_zone_pfns
));
781 max_zone_pfns
[ZONE_DMA
] = MAX_DMA_PFN
;
782 max_zone_pfns
[ZONE_DMA32
] = MAX_DMA32_PFN
;
783 max_zone_pfns
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = max_pfn
;
785 memory_present(0, 0, max_pfn
);
787 free_area_init_nodes(max_zone_pfns
);
792 * Memory hotplug specific functions
794 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
796 * Memory is added always to NORMAL zone. This means you will never get
797 * additional DMA/DMA32 memory.
799 int arch_add_memory(int nid
, u64 start
, u64 size
)
801 struct pglist_data
*pgdat
= NODE_DATA(nid
);
802 struct zone
*zone
= pgdat
->node_zones
+ ZONE_NORMAL
;
803 unsigned long last_mapped_pfn
, start_pfn
= start
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
804 unsigned long nr_pages
= size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
807 last_mapped_pfn
= init_memory_mapping(start
, start
+ size
-1);
808 if (last_mapped_pfn
> max_pfn_mapped
)
809 max_pfn_mapped
= last_mapped_pfn
;
811 ret
= __add_pages(zone
, start_pfn
, nr_pages
);
816 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(arch_add_memory
);
818 #if !defined(CONFIG_ACPI_NUMA) && defined(CONFIG_NUMA)
819 int memory_add_physaddr_to_nid(u64 start
)
823 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(memory_add_physaddr_to_nid
);
826 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
829 * devmem_is_allowed() checks to see if /dev/mem access to a certain address
830 * is valid. The argument is a physical page number.
833 * On x86, access has to be given to the first megabyte of ram because that area
834 * contains bios code and data regions used by X and dosemu and similar apps.
835 * Access has to be given to non-kernel-ram areas as well, these contain the PCI
836 * mmio resources as well as potential bios/acpi data regions.
838 int devmem_is_allowed(unsigned long pagenr
)
842 if (!page_is_ram(pagenr
))
848 static struct kcore_list kcore_mem
, kcore_vmalloc
, kcore_kernel
,
849 kcore_modules
, kcore_vsyscall
;
851 void __init
mem_init(void)
853 long codesize
, reservedpages
, datasize
, initsize
;
857 /* clear_bss() already clear the empty_zero_page */
861 /* this will put all low memory onto the freelists */
863 totalram_pages
= numa_free_all_bootmem();
865 totalram_pages
= free_all_bootmem();
867 reservedpages
= max_pfn
- totalram_pages
-
868 absent_pages_in_range(0, max_pfn
);
871 codesize
= (unsigned long) &_etext
- (unsigned long) &_text
;
872 datasize
= (unsigned long) &_edata
- (unsigned long) &_etext
;
873 initsize
= (unsigned long) &__init_end
- (unsigned long) &__init_begin
;
875 /* Register memory areas for /proc/kcore */
876 kclist_add(&kcore_mem
, __va(0), max_low_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
877 kclist_add(&kcore_vmalloc
, (void *)VMALLOC_START
,
878 VMALLOC_END
-VMALLOC_START
);
879 kclist_add(&kcore_kernel
, &_stext
, _end
- _stext
);
880 kclist_add(&kcore_modules
, (void *)MODULES_VADDR
, MODULES_LEN
);
881 kclist_add(&kcore_vsyscall
, (void *)VSYSCALL_START
,
882 VSYSCALL_END
- VSYSCALL_START
);
884 printk(KERN_INFO
"Memory: %luk/%luk available (%ldk kernel code, "
885 "%ldk reserved, %ldk data, %ldk init)\n",
886 (unsigned long) nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
887 max_pfn
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
889 reservedpages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
894 void free_init_pages(char *what
, unsigned long begin
, unsigned long end
)
896 unsigned long addr
= begin
;
902 * If debugging page accesses then do not free this memory but
903 * mark them not present - any buggy init-section access will
904 * create a kernel page fault:
906 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
907 printk(KERN_INFO
"debug: unmapping init memory %08lx..%08lx\n",
908 begin
, PAGE_ALIGN(end
));
909 set_memory_np(begin
, (end
- begin
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
911 printk(KERN_INFO
"Freeing %s: %luk freed\n", what
, (end
- begin
) >> 10);
913 for (; addr
< end
; addr
+= PAGE_SIZE
) {
914 ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(addr
));
915 init_page_count(virt_to_page(addr
));
916 memset((void *)(addr
& ~(PAGE_SIZE
-1)),
917 POISON_FREE_INITMEM
, PAGE_SIZE
);
924 void free_initmem(void)
926 free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
927 (unsigned long)(&__init_begin
),
928 (unsigned long)(&__init_end
));
931 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
932 const int rodata_test_data
= 0xC3;
933 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rodata_test_data
);
935 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
937 unsigned long start
= PFN_ALIGN(_stext
), end
= PFN_ALIGN(__end_rodata
);
938 unsigned long rodata_start
=
939 ((unsigned long)__start_rodata
+ PAGE_SIZE
- 1) & PAGE_MASK
;
941 #ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
942 /* Dynamic tracing modifies the kernel text section */
943 start
= rodata_start
;
946 printk(KERN_INFO
"Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
947 (end
- start
) >> 10);
948 set_memory_ro(start
, (end
- start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
951 * The rodata section (but not the kernel text!) should also be
954 set_memory_nx(rodata_start
, (end
- rodata_start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
958 #ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
959 printk(KERN_INFO
"Testing CPA: undo %lx-%lx\n", start
, end
);
960 set_memory_rw(start
, (end
-start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
962 printk(KERN_INFO
"Testing CPA: again\n");
963 set_memory_ro(start
, (end
-start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
969 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
970 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
972 free_init_pages("initrd memory", start
, end
);
976 int __init
reserve_bootmem_generic(unsigned long phys
, unsigned long len
,
983 unsigned long pfn
= phys
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
985 if (pfn
>= max_pfn
) {
987 * This can happen with kdump kernels when accessing
990 if (pfn
< max_pfn_mapped
)
993 printk(KERN_ERR
"reserve_bootmem: illegal reserve %lx %lu\n",
998 /* Should check here against the e820 map to avoid double free */
1000 nid
= phys_to_nid(phys
);
1001 next_nid
= phys_to_nid(phys
+ len
- 1);
1002 if (nid
== next_nid
)
1003 ret
= reserve_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(nid
), phys
, len
, flags
);
1005 ret
= reserve_bootmem(phys
, len
, flags
);
1011 reserve_bootmem(phys
, len
, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT
);
1014 if (phys
+len
<= MAX_DMA_PFN
*PAGE_SIZE
) {
1015 dma_reserve
+= len
/ PAGE_SIZE
;
1016 set_dma_reserve(dma_reserve
);
1022 int kern_addr_valid(unsigned long addr
)
1024 unsigned long above
= ((long)addr
) >> __VIRTUAL_MASK_SHIFT
;
1030 if (above
!= 0 && above
!= -1UL)
1033 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(addr
);
1037 pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, addr
);
1041 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
1045 if (pmd_large(*pmd
))
1046 return pfn_valid(pmd_pfn(*pmd
));
1048 pte
= pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, addr
);
1052 return pfn_valid(pte_pfn(*pte
));
1056 * A pseudo VMA to allow ptrace access for the vsyscall page. This only
1057 * covers the 64bit vsyscall page now. 32bit has a real VMA now and does
1058 * not need special handling anymore:
1060 static struct vm_area_struct gate_vma
= {
1061 .vm_start
= VSYSCALL_START
,
1062 .vm_end
= VSYSCALL_START
+ (VSYSCALL_MAPPED_PAGES
* PAGE_SIZE
),
1063 .vm_page_prot
= PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
,
1064 .vm_flags
= VM_READ
| VM_EXEC
1067 struct vm_area_struct
*get_gate_vma(struct task_struct
*tsk
)
1069 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
1070 if (test_tsk_thread_flag(tsk
, TIF_IA32
))
1076 int in_gate_area(struct task_struct
*task
, unsigned long addr
)
1078 struct vm_area_struct
*vma
= get_gate_vma(task
);
1083 return (addr
>= vma
->vm_start
) && (addr
< vma
->vm_end
);
1087 * Use this when you have no reliable task/vma, typically from interrupt
1088 * context. It is less reliable than using the task's vma and may give
1091 int in_gate_area_no_task(unsigned long addr
)
1093 return (addr
>= VSYSCALL_START
) && (addr
< VSYSCALL_END
);
1096 const char *arch_vma_name(struct vm_area_struct
*vma
)
1098 if (vma
->vm_mm
&& vma
->vm_start
== (long)vma
->vm_mm
->context
.vdso
)
1100 if (vma
== &gate_vma
)
1101 return "[vsyscall]";
1105 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
1107 * Initialise the sparsemem vmemmap using huge-pages at the PMD level.
1109 static long __meminitdata addr_start
, addr_end
;
1110 static void __meminitdata
*p_start
, *p_end
;
1111 static int __meminitdata node_start
;
1114 vmemmap_populate(struct page
*start_page
, unsigned long size
, int node
)
1116 unsigned long addr
= (unsigned long)start_page
;
1117 unsigned long end
= (unsigned long)(start_page
+ size
);
1123 for (; addr
< end
; addr
= next
) {
1126 pgd
= vmemmap_pgd_populate(addr
, node
);
1130 pud
= vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd
, addr
, node
);
1135 next
= (addr
+ PAGE_SIZE
) & PAGE_MASK
;
1136 pmd
= vmemmap_pmd_populate(pud
, addr
, node
);
1141 p
= vmemmap_pte_populate(pmd
, addr
, node
);
1146 addr_end
= addr
+ PAGE_SIZE
;
1147 p_end
= p
+ PAGE_SIZE
;
1149 next
= pmd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
1151 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
1152 if (pmd_none(*pmd
)) {
1155 p
= vmemmap_alloc_block(PMD_SIZE
, node
);
1159 entry
= pfn_pte(__pa(p
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
,
1161 set_pmd(pmd
, __pmd(pte_val(entry
)));
1163 /* check to see if we have contiguous blocks */
1164 if (p_end
!= p
|| node_start
!= node
) {
1166 printk(KERN_DEBUG
" [%lx-%lx] PMD -> [%p-%p] on node %d\n",
1167 addr_start
, addr_end
-1, p_start
, p_end
-1, node_start
);
1173 addr_end
= addr
+ PMD_SIZE
;
1174 p_end
= p
+ PMD_SIZE
;
1176 vmemmap_verify((pte_t
*)pmd
, node
, addr
, next
);
1183 void __meminit
vmemmap_populate_print_last(void)
1186 printk(KERN_DEBUG
" [%lx-%lx] PMD -> [%p-%p] on node %d\n",
1187 addr_start
, addr_end
-1, p_start
, p_end
-1, node_start
);