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[mirror_ubuntu-artful-kernel.git] / drivers / gpu / drm / i915 / i915_gem_gtt.c

/*
 * Copyright © 2010 Daniel Vetter
 * Copyright © 2011-2014 Intel Corporation
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
 * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
 * Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 * IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include <linux/slab.h> /* fault-inject.h is not standalone! */

#include <linux/fault-inject.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stop_machine.h>

#include <asm/set_memory.h>

#include <drm/drmP.h>
#include <drm/i915_drm.h>

#include "i915_drv.h"
#include "i915_vgpu.h"
#include "i915_trace.h"
#include "intel_drv.h"
#include "intel_frontbuffer.h"

#define I915_GFP_DMA (GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM)

/**
 * DOC: Global GTT views
 *
 * Background and previous state
 *
 * Historically objects could exists (be bound) in global GTT space only as
 * singular instances with a view representing all of the object's backing pages
 * in a linear fashion. This view will be called a normal view.
 *
 * To support multiple views of the same object, where the number of mapped
 * pages is not equal to the backing store, or where the layout of the pages
 * is not linear, concept of a GGTT view was added.
 *
 * One example of an alternative view is a stereo display driven by a single
 * image. In this case we would have a framebuffer looking like this
 * (2x2 pages):
 *
 *    12
 *    34
 *
 * Above would represent a normal GGTT view as normally mapped for GPU or CPU
 * rendering. In contrast, fed to the display engine would be an alternative
 * view which could look something like this:
 *
 *   1212
 *   3434
 *
 * In this example both the size and layout of pages in the alternative view is
 * different from the normal view.
 *
 * Implementation and usage
 *
 * GGTT views are implemented using VMAs and are distinguished via enum
 * i915_ggtt_view_type and struct i915_ggtt_view.
 *
 * A new flavour of core GEM functions which work with GGTT bound objects were
 * added with the _ggtt_ infix, and sometimes with _view postfix to avoid
 * renaming  in large amounts of code. They take the struct i915_ggtt_view
 * parameter encapsulating all metadata required to implement a view.
 *
 * As a helper for callers which are only interested in the normal view,
 * globally const i915_ggtt_view_normal singleton instance exists. All old core
 * GEM API functions, the ones not taking the view parameter, are operating on,
 * or with the normal GGTT view.
 *
 * Code wanting to add or use a new GGTT view needs to:
 *
 * 1. Add a new enum with a suitable name.
 * 2. Extend the metadata in the i915_ggtt_view structure if required.
 * 3. Add support to i915_get_vma_pages().
 *
 * New views are required to build a scatter-gather table from within the
 * i915_get_vma_pages function. This table is stored in the vma.ggtt_view and
 * exists for the lifetime of an VMA.
 *
 * Core API is designed to have copy semantics which means that passed in
 * struct i915_ggtt_view does not need to be persistent (left around after
 * calling the core API functions).
 *
 */

static int
i915_get_ggtt_vma_pages(struct i915_vma *vma);

static void gen6_ggtt_invalidate(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        /* Note that as an uncached mmio write, this should flush the
         * WCB of the writes into the GGTT before it triggers the invalidate.
         */
        I915_WRITE(GFX_FLSH_CNTL_GEN6, GFX_FLSH_CNTL_EN);
}

static void guc_ggtt_invalidate(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        gen6_ggtt_invalidate(dev_priv);
        I915_WRITE(GEN8_GTCR, GEN8_GTCR_INVALIDATE);
}

static void gmch_ggtt_invalidate(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        intel_gtt_chipset_flush();
}

static inline void i915_ggtt_invalidate(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
        i915->ggtt.invalidate(i915);
}

int intel_sanitize_enable_ppgtt(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv,
                                int enable_ppgtt)
{
        bool has_aliasing_ppgtt;
        bool has_full_ppgtt;
        bool has_full_48bit_ppgtt;

        has_aliasing_ppgtt = dev_priv->info.has_aliasing_ppgtt;
        has_full_ppgtt = dev_priv->info.has_full_ppgtt;
        has_full_48bit_ppgtt = dev_priv->info.has_full_48bit_ppgtt;

        if (intel_vgpu_active(dev_priv)) {
                /* emulation is too hard */
                has_full_ppgtt = false;
                has_full_48bit_ppgtt = false;
        }

        if (!has_aliasing_ppgtt)
                return 0;

        /*
         * We don't allow disabling PPGTT for gen9+ as it's a requirement for
         * execlists, the sole mechanism available to submit work.
         */
        if (enable_ppgtt == 0 && INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) < 9)
                return 0;

        if (enable_ppgtt == 1)
                return 1;

        if (enable_ppgtt == 2 && has_full_ppgtt)
                return 2;

        if (enable_ppgtt == 3 && has_full_48bit_ppgtt)
                return 3;

#ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU
        /* Disable ppgtt on SNB if VT-d is on. */
        if (IS_GEN6(dev_priv) && intel_iommu_gfx_mapped) {
                DRM_INFO("Disabling PPGTT because VT-d is on\n");
                return 0;
        }
#endif

        /* Early VLV doesn't have this */
        if (IS_VALLEYVIEW(dev_priv) && dev_priv->drm.pdev->revision < 0xb) {
                DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("disabling PPGTT on pre-B3 step VLV\n");
                return 0;
        }

        if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 8 && i915.enable_execlists && has_full_ppgtt)
                return has_full_48bit_ppgtt ? 3 : 2;
        else
                return has_aliasing_ppgtt ? 1 : 0;
}

static int ppgtt_bind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma,
                          enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
                          u32 unused)
{
        u32 pte_flags;
        int ret;

        ret = vma->vm->allocate_va_range(vma->vm, vma->node.start, vma->size);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        vma->pages = vma->obj->mm.pages;

        /* Currently applicable only to VLV */
        pte_flags = 0;
        if (vma->obj->gt_ro)
                pte_flags |= PTE_READ_ONLY;

        vma->vm->insert_entries(vma->vm, vma->pages, vma->node.start,
                                cache_level, pte_flags);

        return 0;
}

static void ppgtt_unbind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
        vma->vm->clear_range(vma->vm, vma->node.start, vma->size);
}

static gen8_pte_t gen8_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
                                  enum i915_cache_level level)
{
        gen8_pte_t pte = _PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW;
        pte |= addr;

        switch (level) {
        case I915_CACHE_NONE:
                pte |= PPAT_UNCACHED_INDEX;
                break;
        case I915_CACHE_WT:
                pte |= PPAT_DISPLAY_ELLC_INDEX;
                break;
        default:
                pte |= PPAT_CACHED_INDEX;
                break;
        }

        return pte;
}

static gen8_pde_t gen8_pde_encode(const dma_addr_t addr,
                                  const enum i915_cache_level level)
{
        gen8_pde_t pde = _PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW;
        pde |= addr;
        if (level != I915_CACHE_NONE)
                pde |= PPAT_CACHED_PDE_INDEX;
        else
                pde |= PPAT_UNCACHED_INDEX;
        return pde;
}

#define gen8_pdpe_encode gen8_pde_encode
#define gen8_pml4e_encode gen8_pde_encode

static gen6_pte_t snb_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
                                 enum i915_cache_level level,
                                 u32 unused)
{
        gen6_pte_t pte = GEN6_PTE_VALID;
        pte |= GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

        switch (level) {
        case I915_CACHE_L3_LLC:
        case I915_CACHE_LLC:
                pte |= GEN6_PTE_CACHE_LLC;
                break;
        case I915_CACHE_NONE:
                pte |= GEN6_PTE_UNCACHED;
                break;
        default:
                MISSING_CASE(level);
        }

        return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t ivb_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
                                 enum i915_cache_level level,
                                 u32 unused)
{
        gen6_pte_t pte = GEN6_PTE_VALID;
        pte |= GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

        switch (level) {
        case I915_CACHE_L3_LLC:
                pte |= GEN7_PTE_CACHE_L3_LLC;
                break;
        case I915_CACHE_LLC:
                pte |= GEN6_PTE_CACHE_LLC;
                break;
        case I915_CACHE_NONE:
                pte |= GEN6_PTE_UNCACHED;
                break;
        default:
                MISSING_CASE(level);
        }

        return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t byt_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
                                 enum i915_cache_level level,
                                 u32 flags)
{
        gen6_pte_t pte = GEN6_PTE_VALID;
        pte |= GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

        if (!(flags & PTE_READ_ONLY))
                pte |= BYT_PTE_WRITEABLE;

        if (level != I915_CACHE_NONE)
                pte |= BYT_PTE_SNOOPED_BY_CPU_CACHES;

        return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t hsw_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
                                 enum i915_cache_level level,
                                 u32 unused)
{
        gen6_pte_t pte = GEN6_PTE_VALID;
        pte |= HSW_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

        if (level != I915_CACHE_NONE)
                pte |= HSW_WB_LLC_AGE3;

        return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t iris_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
                                  enum i915_cache_level level,
                                  u32 unused)
{
        gen6_pte_t pte = GEN6_PTE_VALID;
        pte |= HSW_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

        switch (level) {
        case I915_CACHE_NONE:
                break;
        case I915_CACHE_WT:
                pte |= HSW_WT_ELLC_LLC_AGE3;
                break;
        default:
                pte |= HSW_WB_ELLC_LLC_AGE3;
                break;
        }

        return pte;
}

static struct page *vm_alloc_page(struct i915_address_space *vm, gfp_t gfp)
{
        struct page *page;

        if (I915_SELFTEST_ONLY(should_fail(&vm->fault_attr, 1)))
                i915_gem_shrink_all(vm->i915);

        if (vm->free_pages.nr)
                return vm->free_pages.pages[--vm->free_pages.nr];

        page = alloc_page(gfp);
        if (!page)
                return NULL;

        if (vm->pt_kmap_wc)
                set_pages_array_wc(&page, 1);

        return page;
}

static void vm_free_pages_release(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        GEM_BUG_ON(!pagevec_count(&vm->free_pages));

        if (vm->pt_kmap_wc)
                set_pages_array_wb(vm->free_pages.pages,
                                   pagevec_count(&vm->free_pages));

        __pagevec_release(&vm->free_pages);
}

static void vm_free_page(struct i915_address_space *vm, struct page *page)
{
        if (!pagevec_add(&vm->free_pages, page))
                vm_free_pages_release(vm);
}

static int __setup_page_dma(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                            struct i915_page_dma *p,
                            gfp_t gfp)
{
        p->page = vm_alloc_page(vm, gfp | __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_NORETRY);
        if (unlikely(!p->page))
                return -ENOMEM;

        p->daddr = dma_map_page(vm->dma, p->page, 0, PAGE_SIZE,
                                PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
        if (unlikely(dma_mapping_error(vm->dma, p->daddr))) {
                vm_free_page(vm, p->page);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int setup_page_dma(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                          struct i915_page_dma *p)
{
        return __setup_page_dma(vm, p, I915_GFP_DMA);
}

static void cleanup_page_dma(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                             struct i915_page_dma *p)
{
        dma_unmap_page(vm->dma, p->daddr, PAGE_SIZE, PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
        vm_free_page(vm, p->page);
}

#define kmap_atomic_px(px) kmap_atomic(px_base(px)->page)

#define setup_px(vm, px) setup_page_dma((vm), px_base(px))
#define cleanup_px(vm, px) cleanup_page_dma((vm), px_base(px))
#define fill_px(ppgtt, px, v) fill_page_dma((vm), px_base(px), (v))
#define fill32_px(ppgtt, px, v) fill_page_dma_32((vm), px_base(px), (v))

static void fill_page_dma(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                          struct i915_page_dma *p,
                          const u64 val)
{
        u64 * const vaddr = kmap_atomic(p->page);
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < 512; i++)
                vaddr[i] = val;

        kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
}

static void fill_page_dma_32(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                             struct i915_page_dma *p,
                             const u32 v)
{
        fill_page_dma(vm, p, (u64)v << 32 | v);
}

static int
setup_scratch_page(struct i915_address_space *vm, gfp_t gfp)
{
        return __setup_page_dma(vm, &vm->scratch_page, gfp | __GFP_ZERO);
}

static void cleanup_scratch_page(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        cleanup_page_dma(vm, &vm->scratch_page);
}

static struct i915_page_table *alloc_pt(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        struct i915_page_table *pt;

        pt = kmalloc(sizeof(*pt), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
        if (unlikely(!pt))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        if (unlikely(setup_px(vm, pt))) {
                kfree(pt);
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
        }

        pt->used_ptes = 0;
        return pt;
}

static void free_pt(struct i915_address_space *vm, struct i915_page_table *pt)
{
        cleanup_px(vm, pt);
        kfree(pt);
}

static void gen8_initialize_pt(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                               struct i915_page_table *pt)
{
        fill_px(vm, pt,
                gen8_pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr, I915_CACHE_LLC));
}

static void gen6_initialize_pt(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                               struct i915_page_table *pt)
{
        fill32_px(vm, pt,
                  vm->pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr, I915_CACHE_LLC, 0));
}

static struct i915_page_directory *alloc_pd(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        struct i915_page_directory *pd;

        pd = kzalloc(sizeof(*pd), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
        if (unlikely(!pd))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        if (unlikely(setup_px(vm, pd))) {
                kfree(pd);
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
        }

        pd->used_pdes = 0;
        return pd;
}

static void free_pd(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                    struct i915_page_directory *pd)
{
        cleanup_px(vm, pd);
        kfree(pd);
}

static void gen8_initialize_pd(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                               struct i915_page_directory *pd)
{
        unsigned int i;

        fill_px(vm, pd,
                gen8_pde_encode(px_dma(vm->scratch_pt), I915_CACHE_LLC));
        for (i = 0; i < I915_PDES; i++)
                pd->page_table[i] = vm->scratch_pt;
}

static int __pdp_init(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                      struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp)
{
        const unsigned int pdpes = i915_pdpes_per_pdp(vm);
        unsigned int i;

        pdp->page_directory = kmalloc_array(pdpes, sizeof(*pdp->page_directory),
                                            GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
        if (unlikely(!pdp->page_directory))
                return -ENOMEM;

        for (i = 0; i < pdpes; i++)
                pdp->page_directory[i] = vm->scratch_pd;

        return 0;
}

static void __pdp_fini(struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp)
{
        kfree(pdp->page_directory);
        pdp->page_directory = NULL;
}

static inline bool use_4lvl(const struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        return i915_vm_is_48bit(vm);
}

static struct i915_page_directory_pointer *
alloc_pdp(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp;
        int ret = -ENOMEM;

        WARN_ON(!use_4lvl(vm));

        pdp = kzalloc(sizeof(*pdp), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!pdp)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        ret = __pdp_init(vm, pdp);
        if (ret)
                goto fail_bitmap;

        ret = setup_px(vm, pdp);
        if (ret)
                goto fail_page_m;

        return pdp;

fail_page_m:
        __pdp_fini(pdp);
fail_bitmap:
        kfree(pdp);

        return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

static void free_pdp(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                     struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp)
{
        __pdp_fini(pdp);

        if (!use_4lvl(vm))
                return;

        cleanup_px(vm, pdp);
        kfree(pdp);
}

static void gen8_initialize_pdp(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp)
{
        gen8_ppgtt_pdpe_t scratch_pdpe;

        scratch_pdpe = gen8_pdpe_encode(px_dma(vm->scratch_pd), I915_CACHE_LLC);

        fill_px(vm, pdp, scratch_pdpe);
}

static void gen8_initialize_pml4(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                 struct i915_pml4 *pml4)
{
        unsigned int i;

        fill_px(vm, pml4,
                gen8_pml4e_encode(px_dma(vm->scratch_pdp), I915_CACHE_LLC));
        for (i = 0; i < GEN8_PML4ES_PER_PML4; i++)
                pml4->pdps[i] = vm->scratch_pdp;
}

/* Broadwell Page Directory Pointer Descriptors */
static int gen8_write_pdp(struct drm_i915_gem_request *req,
                          unsigned entry,
                          dma_addr_t addr)
{
        struct intel_engine_cs *engine = req->engine;
        u32 *cs;

        BUG_ON(entry >= 4);

        cs = intel_ring_begin(req, 6);
        if (IS_ERR(cs))
                return PTR_ERR(cs);

        *cs++ = MI_LOAD_REGISTER_IMM(1);
        *cs++ = i915_mmio_reg_offset(GEN8_RING_PDP_UDW(engine, entry));
        *cs++ = upper_32_bits(addr);
        *cs++ = MI_LOAD_REGISTER_IMM(1);
        *cs++ = i915_mmio_reg_offset(GEN8_RING_PDP_LDW(engine, entry));
        *cs++ = lower_32_bits(addr);
        intel_ring_advance(req, cs);

        return 0;
}

static int gen8_mm_switch_3lvl(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                               struct drm_i915_gem_request *req)
{
        int i, ret;

        for (i = GEN8_3LVL_PDPES - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                const dma_addr_t pd_daddr = i915_page_dir_dma_addr(ppgtt, i);

                ret = gen8_write_pdp(req, i, pd_daddr);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int gen8_mm_switch_4lvl(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                               struct drm_i915_gem_request *req)
{
        return gen8_write_pdp(req, 0, px_dma(&ppgtt->pml4));
}

/* PDE TLBs are a pain to invalidate on GEN8+. When we modify
 * the page table structures, we mark them dirty so that
 * context switching/execlist queuing code takes extra steps
 * to ensure that tlbs are flushed.
 */
static void mark_tlbs_dirty(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
        ppgtt->pd_dirty_rings = INTEL_INFO(ppgtt->base.i915)->ring_mask;
}

/* Removes entries from a single page table, releasing it if it's empty.
 * Caller can use the return value to update higher-level entries.
 */
static bool gen8_ppgtt_clear_pt(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                struct i915_page_table *pt,
                                u64 start, u64 length)
{
        unsigned int num_entries = gen8_pte_count(start, length);
        unsigned int pte = gen8_pte_index(start);
        unsigned int pte_end = pte + num_entries;
        const gen8_pte_t scratch_pte =
                gen8_pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr, I915_CACHE_LLC);
        gen8_pte_t *vaddr;

        GEM_BUG_ON(num_entries > pt->used_ptes);

        pt->used_ptes -= num_entries;
        if (!pt->used_ptes)
                return true;

        vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pt);
        while (pte < pte_end)
                vaddr[pte++] = scratch_pte;
        kunmap_atomic(vaddr);

        return false;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_set_pde(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                               struct i915_page_directory *pd,
                               struct i915_page_table *pt,
                               unsigned int pde)
{
        gen8_pde_t *vaddr;

        pd->page_table[pde] = pt;

        vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pd);
        vaddr[pde] = gen8_pde_encode(px_dma(pt), I915_CACHE_LLC);
        kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
}

static bool gen8_ppgtt_clear_pd(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                struct i915_page_directory *pd,
                                u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_page_table *pt;
        u32 pde;

        gen8_for_each_pde(pt, pd, start, length, pde) {
                GEM_BUG_ON(pt == vm->scratch_pt);

                if (!gen8_ppgtt_clear_pt(vm, pt, start, length))
                        continue;

                gen8_ppgtt_set_pde(vm, pd, vm->scratch_pt, pde);
                GEM_BUG_ON(!pd->used_pdes);
                pd->used_pdes--;

                free_pt(vm, pt);
        }

        return !pd->used_pdes;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
                                struct i915_page_directory *pd,
                                unsigned int pdpe)
{
        gen8_ppgtt_pdpe_t *vaddr;

        pdp->page_directory[pdpe] = pd;
        if (!use_4lvl(vm))
                return;

        vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pdp);
        vaddr[pdpe] = gen8_pdpe_encode(px_dma(pd), I915_CACHE_LLC);
        kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
}

/* Removes entries from a single page dir pointer, releasing it if it's empty.
 * Caller can use the return value to update higher-level entries
 */
static bool gen8_ppgtt_clear_pdp(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                 struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
                                 u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_page_directory *pd;
        unsigned int pdpe;

        gen8_for_each_pdpe(pd, pdp, start, length, pdpe) {
                GEM_BUG_ON(pd == vm->scratch_pd);

                if (!gen8_ppgtt_clear_pd(vm, pd, start, length))
                        continue;

                gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(vm, pdp, vm->scratch_pd, pdpe);
                GEM_BUG_ON(!pdp->used_pdpes);
                pdp->used_pdpes--;

                free_pd(vm, pd);
        }

        return !pdp->used_pdpes;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_clear_3lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                  u64 start, u64 length)
{
        gen8_ppgtt_clear_pdp(vm, &i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm)->pdp, start, length);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_set_pml4e(struct i915_pml4 *pml4,
                                 struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
                                 unsigned int pml4e)
{
        gen8_ppgtt_pml4e_t *vaddr;

        pml4->pdps[pml4e] = pdp;

        vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pml4);
        vaddr[pml4e] = gen8_pml4e_encode(px_dma(pdp), I915_CACHE_LLC);
        kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
}

/* Removes entries from a single pml4.
 * This is the top-level structure in 4-level page tables used on gen8+.
 * Empty entries are always scratch pml4e.
 */
static void gen8_ppgtt_clear_4lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                  u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
        struct i915_pml4 *pml4 = &ppgtt->pml4;
        struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp;
        unsigned int pml4e;

        GEM_BUG_ON(!use_4lvl(vm));

        gen8_for_each_pml4e(pdp, pml4, start, length, pml4e) {
                GEM_BUG_ON(pdp == vm->scratch_pdp);

                if (!gen8_ppgtt_clear_pdp(vm, pdp, start, length))
                        continue;

                gen8_ppgtt_set_pml4e(pml4, vm->scratch_pdp, pml4e);

                free_pdp(vm, pdp);
        }
}

struct sgt_dma {
        struct scatterlist *sg;
        dma_addr_t dma, max;
};

struct gen8_insert_pte {
        u16 pml4e;
        u16 pdpe;
        u16 pde;
        u16 pte;
};

static __always_inline struct gen8_insert_pte gen8_insert_pte(u64 start)
{
        return (struct gen8_insert_pte) {
                 gen8_pml4e_index(start),
                 gen8_pdpe_index(start),
                 gen8_pde_index(start),
                 gen8_pte_index(start),
        };
}

static __always_inline bool
gen8_ppgtt_insert_pte_entries(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                              struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
                              struct sgt_dma *iter,
                              struct gen8_insert_pte *idx,
                              enum i915_cache_level cache_level)
{
        struct i915_page_directory *pd;
        const gen8_pte_t pte_encode = gen8_pte_encode(0, cache_level);
        gen8_pte_t *vaddr;
        bool ret;

        GEM_BUG_ON(idx->pdpe >= i915_pdpes_per_pdp(&ppgtt->base));
        pd = pdp->page_directory[idx->pdpe];
        vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pd->page_table[idx->pde]);
        do {
                vaddr[idx->pte] = pte_encode | iter->dma;

                iter->dma += PAGE_SIZE;
                if (iter->dma >= iter->max) {
                        iter->sg = __sg_next(iter->sg);
                        if (!iter->sg) {
                                ret = false;
                                break;
                        }

                        iter->dma = sg_dma_address(iter->sg);
                        iter->max = iter->dma + iter->sg->length;
                }

                if (++idx->pte == GEN8_PTES) {
                        idx->pte = 0;

                        if (++idx->pde == I915_PDES) {
                                idx->pde = 0;

                                /* Limited by sg length for 3lvl */
                                if (++idx->pdpe == GEN8_PML4ES_PER_PML4) {
                                        idx->pdpe = 0;
                                        ret = true;
                                        break;
                                }

                                GEM_BUG_ON(idx->pdpe >= i915_pdpes_per_pdp(&ppgtt->base));
                                pd = pdp->page_directory[idx->pdpe];
                        }

                        kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
                        vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pd->page_table[idx->pde]);
                }
        } while (1);
        kunmap_atomic(vaddr);

        return ret;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_insert_3lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                   struct sg_table *pages,
                                   u64 start,
                                   enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
                                   u32 unused)
{
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
        struct sgt_dma iter = {
                .sg = pages->sgl,
                .dma = sg_dma_address(iter.sg),
                .max = iter.dma + iter.sg->length,
        };
        struct gen8_insert_pte idx = gen8_insert_pte(start);

        gen8_ppgtt_insert_pte_entries(ppgtt, &ppgtt->pdp, &iter, &idx,
                                      cache_level);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_insert_4lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                   struct sg_table *pages,
                                   u64 start,
                                   enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
                                   u32 unused)
{
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
        struct sgt_dma iter = {
                .sg = pages->sgl,
                .dma = sg_dma_address(iter.sg),
                .max = iter.dma + iter.sg->length,
        };
        struct i915_page_directory_pointer **pdps = ppgtt->pml4.pdps;
        struct gen8_insert_pte idx = gen8_insert_pte(start);

        while (gen8_ppgtt_insert_pte_entries(ppgtt, pdps[idx.pml4e++], &iter,
                                             &idx, cache_level))
                GEM_BUG_ON(idx.pml4e >= GEN8_PML4ES_PER_PML4);
}

static void gen8_free_page_tables(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                  struct i915_page_directory *pd)
{
        int i;

        if (!px_page(pd))
                return;

        for (i = 0; i < I915_PDES; i++) {
                if (pd->page_table[i] != vm->scratch_pt)
                        free_pt(vm, pd->page_table[i]);
        }
}

static int gen8_init_scratch(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        int ret;

        ret = setup_scratch_page(vm, I915_GFP_DMA);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        vm->scratch_pt = alloc_pt(vm);
        if (IS_ERR(vm->scratch_pt)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(vm->scratch_pt);
                goto free_scratch_page;
        }

        vm->scratch_pd = alloc_pd(vm);
        if (IS_ERR(vm->scratch_pd)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(vm->scratch_pd);
                goto free_pt;
        }

        if (use_4lvl(vm)) {
                vm->scratch_pdp = alloc_pdp(vm);
                if (IS_ERR(vm->scratch_pdp)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(vm->scratch_pdp);
                        goto free_pd;
                }
        }

        gen8_initialize_pt(vm, vm->scratch_pt);
        gen8_initialize_pd(vm, vm->scratch_pd);
        if (use_4lvl(vm))
                gen8_initialize_pdp(vm, vm->scratch_pdp);

        return 0;

free_pd:
        free_pd(vm, vm->scratch_pd);
free_pt:
        free_pt(vm, vm->scratch_pt);
free_scratch_page:
        cleanup_scratch_page(vm);

        return ret;
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_notify_vgt(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt, bool create)
{
        struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->base;
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = vm->i915;
        enum vgt_g2v_type msg;
        int i;

        if (use_4lvl(vm)) {
                const u64 daddr = px_dma(&ppgtt->pml4);

                I915_WRITE(vgtif_reg(pdp[0].lo), lower_32_bits(daddr));
                I915_WRITE(vgtif_reg(pdp[0].hi), upper_32_bits(daddr));

                msg = (create ? VGT_G2V_PPGTT_L4_PAGE_TABLE_CREATE :
                                VGT_G2V_PPGTT_L4_PAGE_TABLE_DESTROY);
        } else {
                for (i = 0; i < GEN8_3LVL_PDPES; i++) {
                        const u64 daddr = i915_page_dir_dma_addr(ppgtt, i);

                        I915_WRITE(vgtif_reg(pdp[i].lo), lower_32_bits(daddr));
                        I915_WRITE(vgtif_reg(pdp[i].hi), upper_32_bits(daddr));
                }

                msg = (create ? VGT_G2V_PPGTT_L3_PAGE_TABLE_CREATE :
                                VGT_G2V_PPGTT_L3_PAGE_TABLE_DESTROY);
        }

        I915_WRITE(vgtif_reg(g2v_notify), msg);

        return 0;
}

static void gen8_free_scratch(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        if (use_4lvl(vm))
                free_pdp(vm, vm->scratch_pdp);
        free_pd(vm, vm->scratch_pd);
        free_pt(vm, vm->scratch_pt);
        cleanup_scratch_page(vm);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_cleanup_3lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                    struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp)
{
        const unsigned int pdpes = i915_pdpes_per_pdp(vm);
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < pdpes; i++) {
                if (pdp->page_directory[i] == vm->scratch_pd)
                        continue;

                gen8_free_page_tables(vm, pdp->page_directory[i]);
                free_pd(vm, pdp->page_directory[i]);
        }

        free_pdp(vm, pdp);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_cleanup_4lvl(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < GEN8_PML4ES_PER_PML4; i++) {
                if (ppgtt->pml4.pdps[i] == ppgtt->base.scratch_pdp)
                        continue;

                gen8_ppgtt_cleanup_3lvl(&ppgtt->base, ppgtt->pml4.pdps[i]);
        }

        cleanup_px(&ppgtt->base, &ppgtt->pml4);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_cleanup(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = vm->i915;
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);

        if (intel_vgpu_active(dev_priv))
                gen8_ppgtt_notify_vgt(ppgtt, false);

        if (use_4lvl(vm))
                gen8_ppgtt_cleanup_4lvl(ppgtt);
        else
                gen8_ppgtt_cleanup_3lvl(&ppgtt->base, &ppgtt->pdp);

        gen8_free_scratch(vm);
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_alloc_pd(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                               struct i915_page_directory *pd,
                               u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_page_table *pt;
        u64 from = start;
        unsigned int pde;

        gen8_for_each_pde(pt, pd, start, length, pde) {
                if (pt == vm->scratch_pt) {
                        pt = alloc_pt(vm);
                        if (IS_ERR(pt))
                                goto unwind;

                        gen8_initialize_pt(vm, pt);

                        gen8_ppgtt_set_pde(vm, pd, pt, pde);
                        pd->used_pdes++;
                        GEM_BUG_ON(pd->used_pdes > I915_PDES);
                }

                pt->used_ptes += gen8_pte_count(start, length);
        }
        return 0;

unwind:
        gen8_ppgtt_clear_pd(vm, pd, from, start - from);
        return -ENOMEM;
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_alloc_pdp(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
                                u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_page_directory *pd;
        u64 from = start;
        unsigned int pdpe;
        int ret;

        gen8_for_each_pdpe(pd, pdp, start, length, pdpe) {
                if (pd == vm->scratch_pd) {
                        pd = alloc_pd(vm);
                        if (IS_ERR(pd))
                                goto unwind;

                        gen8_initialize_pd(vm, pd);
                        gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(vm, pdp, pd, pdpe);
                        pdp->used_pdpes++;
                        GEM_BUG_ON(pdp->used_pdpes > i915_pdpes_per_pdp(vm));

                        mark_tlbs_dirty(i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm));
                }

                ret = gen8_ppgtt_alloc_pd(vm, pd, start, length);
                if (unlikely(ret))
                        goto unwind_pd;
        }

        return 0;

unwind_pd:
        if (!pd->used_pdes) {
                gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(vm, pdp, vm->scratch_pd, pdpe);
                GEM_BUG_ON(!pdp->used_pdpes);
                pdp->used_pdpes--;
                free_pd(vm, pd);
        }
unwind:
        gen8_ppgtt_clear_pdp(vm, pdp, from, start - from);
        return -ENOMEM;
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_alloc_3lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                 u64 start, u64 length)
{
        return gen8_ppgtt_alloc_pdp(vm,
                                    &i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm)->pdp, start, length);
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_alloc_4lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                 u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
        struct i915_pml4 *pml4 = &ppgtt->pml4;
        struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp;
        u64 from = start;
        u32 pml4e;
        int ret;

        gen8_for_each_pml4e(pdp, pml4, start, length, pml4e) {
                if (pml4->pdps[pml4e] == vm->scratch_pdp) {
                        pdp = alloc_pdp(vm);
                        if (IS_ERR(pdp))
                                goto unwind;

                        gen8_initialize_pdp(vm, pdp);
                        gen8_ppgtt_set_pml4e(pml4, pdp, pml4e);
                }

                ret = gen8_ppgtt_alloc_pdp(vm, pdp, start, length);
                if (unlikely(ret))
                        goto unwind_pdp;
        }

        return 0;

unwind_pdp:
        if (!pdp->used_pdpes) {
                gen8_ppgtt_set_pml4e(pml4, vm->scratch_pdp, pml4e);
                free_pdp(vm, pdp);
        }
unwind:
        gen8_ppgtt_clear_4lvl(vm, from, start - from);
        return -ENOMEM;
}

static void gen8_dump_pdp(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                          struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
                          u64 start, u64 length,
                          gen8_pte_t scratch_pte,
                          struct seq_file *m)
{
        struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->base;
        struct i915_page_directory *pd;
        u32 pdpe;

        gen8_for_each_pdpe(pd, pdp, start, length, pdpe) {
                struct i915_page_table *pt;
                u64 pd_len = length;
                u64 pd_start = start;
                u32 pde;

                if (pdp->page_directory[pdpe] == ppgtt->base.scratch_pd)
                        continue;

                seq_printf(m, "\tPDPE #%d\n", pdpe);
                gen8_for_each_pde(pt, pd, pd_start, pd_len, pde) {
                        u32 pte;
                        gen8_pte_t *pt_vaddr;

                        if (pd->page_table[pde] == ppgtt->base.scratch_pt)
                                continue;

                        pt_vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pt);
                        for (pte = 0; pte < GEN8_PTES; pte += 4) {
                                u64 va = (pdpe << GEN8_PDPE_SHIFT |
                                          pde << GEN8_PDE_SHIFT |
                                          pte << GEN8_PTE_SHIFT);
                                int i;
                                bool found = false;

                                for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                                        if (pt_vaddr[pte + i] != scratch_pte)
                                                found = true;
                                if (!found)
                                        continue;

                                seq_printf(m, "\t\t0x%llx [%03d,%03d,%04d]: =", va, pdpe, pde, pte);
                                for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                                        if (pt_vaddr[pte + i] != scratch_pte)
                                                seq_printf(m, " %llx", pt_vaddr[pte + i]);
                                        else
                                                seq_puts(m, "  SCRATCH ");
                                }
                                seq_puts(m, "\n");
                        }
                        kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);
                }
        }
}

static void gen8_dump_ppgtt(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt, struct seq_file *m)
{
        struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->base;
        const gen8_pte_t scratch_pte =
                gen8_pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr, I915_CACHE_LLC);
        u64 start = 0, length = ppgtt->base.total;

        if (use_4lvl(vm)) {
                u64 pml4e;
                struct i915_pml4 *pml4 = &ppgtt->pml4;
                struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp;

                gen8_for_each_pml4e(pdp, pml4, start, length, pml4e) {
                        if (pml4->pdps[pml4e] == ppgtt->base.scratch_pdp)
                                continue;

                        seq_printf(m, "    PML4E #%llu\n", pml4e);
                        gen8_dump_pdp(ppgtt, pdp, start, length, scratch_pte, m);
                }
        } else {
                gen8_dump_pdp(ppgtt, &ppgtt->pdp, start, length, scratch_pte, m);
        }
}

static int gen8_preallocate_top_level_pdp(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
        struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->base;
        struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp = &ppgtt->pdp;
        struct i915_page_directory *pd;
        u64 start = 0, length = ppgtt->base.total;
        u64 from = start;
        unsigned int pdpe;

        gen8_for_each_pdpe(pd, pdp, start, length, pdpe) {
                pd = alloc_pd(vm);
                if (IS_ERR(pd))
                        goto unwind;

                gen8_initialize_pd(vm, pd);
                gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(vm, pdp, pd, pdpe);
                pdp->used_pdpes++;
        }

        pdp->used_pdpes++; /* never remove */
        return 0;

unwind:
        start -= from;
        gen8_for_each_pdpe(pd, pdp, from, start, pdpe) {
                gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(vm, pdp, vm->scratch_pd, pdpe);
                free_pd(vm, pd);
        }
        pdp->used_pdpes = 0;
        return -ENOMEM;
}

/*
 * GEN8 legacy ppgtt programming is accomplished through a max 4 PDP registers
 * with a net effect resembling a 2-level page table in normal x86 terms. Each
 * PDP represents 1GB of memory 4 * 512 * 512 * 4096 = 4GB legacy 32b address
 * space.
 *
 */
static int gen8_ppgtt_init(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
        struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->base;
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = vm->i915;
        int ret;

        ppgtt->base.total = USES_FULL_48BIT_PPGTT(dev_priv) ?
                1ULL << 48 :
                1ULL << 32;

        ret = gen8_init_scratch(&ppgtt->base);
        if (ret) {
                ppgtt->base.total = 0;
                return ret;
        }

        /* There are only few exceptions for gen >=6. chv and bxt.
         * And we are not sure about the latter so play safe for now.
         */
        if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev_priv) || IS_BROXTON(dev_priv))
                ppgtt->base.pt_kmap_wc = true;

        if (use_4lvl(vm)) {
                ret = setup_px(&ppgtt->base, &ppgtt->pml4);
                if (ret)
                        goto free_scratch;

                gen8_initialize_pml4(&ppgtt->base, &ppgtt->pml4);

                ppgtt->switch_mm = gen8_mm_switch_4lvl;
                ppgtt->base.allocate_va_range = gen8_ppgtt_alloc_4lvl;
                ppgtt->base.insert_entries = gen8_ppgtt_insert_4lvl;
                ppgtt->base.clear_range = gen8_ppgtt_clear_4lvl;
        } else {
                ret = __pdp_init(&ppgtt->base, &ppgtt->pdp);
                if (ret)
                        goto free_scratch;

                if (intel_vgpu_active(dev_priv)) {
                        ret = gen8_preallocate_top_level_pdp(ppgtt);
                        if (ret) {
                                __pdp_fini(&ppgtt->pdp);
                                goto free_scratch;
                        }
                }

                ppgtt->switch_mm = gen8_mm_switch_3lvl;
                ppgtt->base.allocate_va_range = gen8_ppgtt_alloc_3lvl;
                ppgtt->base.insert_entries = gen8_ppgtt_insert_3lvl;
                ppgtt->base.clear_range = gen8_ppgtt_clear_3lvl;
        }

        if (intel_vgpu_active(dev_priv))
                gen8_ppgtt_notify_vgt(ppgtt, true);

        ppgtt->base.cleanup = gen8_ppgtt_cleanup;
        ppgtt->base.unbind_vma = ppgtt_unbind_vma;
        ppgtt->base.bind_vma = ppgtt_bind_vma;
        ppgtt->debug_dump = gen8_dump_ppgtt;

        return 0;

free_scratch:
        gen8_free_scratch(&ppgtt->base);
        return ret;
}

static void gen6_dump_ppgtt(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt, struct seq_file *m)
{
        struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->base;
        struct i915_page_table *unused;
        gen6_pte_t scratch_pte;
        u32 pd_entry, pte, pde;
        u32 start = 0, length = ppgtt->base.total;

        scratch_pte = vm->pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr,
                                     I915_CACHE_LLC, 0);

        gen6_for_each_pde(unused, &ppgtt->pd, start, length, pde) {
                u32 expected;
                gen6_pte_t *pt_vaddr;
                const dma_addr_t pt_addr = px_dma(ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde]);
                pd_entry = readl(ppgtt->pd_addr + pde);
                expected = (GEN6_PDE_ADDR_ENCODE(pt_addr) | GEN6_PDE_VALID);

                if (pd_entry != expected)
                        seq_printf(m, "\tPDE #%d mismatch: Actual PDE: %x Expected PDE: %x\n",
                                   pde,
                                   pd_entry,
                                   expected);
                seq_printf(m, "\tPDE: %x\n", pd_entry);

                pt_vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde]);

                for (pte = 0; pte < GEN6_PTES; pte+=4) {
                        unsigned long va =
                                (pde * PAGE_SIZE * GEN6_PTES) +
                                (pte * PAGE_SIZE);
                        int i;
                        bool found = false;
                        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                                if (pt_vaddr[pte + i] != scratch_pte)
                                        found = true;
                        if (!found)
                                continue;

                        seq_printf(m, "\t\t0x%lx [%03d,%04d]: =", va, pde, pte);
                        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                                if (pt_vaddr[pte + i] != scratch_pte)
                                        seq_printf(m, " %08x", pt_vaddr[pte + i]);
                                else
                                        seq_puts(m, "  SCRATCH ");
                        }
                        seq_puts(m, "\n");
                }
                kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);
        }
}

/* Write pde (index) from the page directory @pd to the page table @pt */
static inline void gen6_write_pde(const struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                                  const unsigned int pde,
                                  const struct i915_page_table *pt)
{
        /* Caller needs to make sure the write completes if necessary */
        writel_relaxed(GEN6_PDE_ADDR_ENCODE(px_dma(pt)) | GEN6_PDE_VALID,
                       ppgtt->pd_addr + pde);
}

/* Write all the page tables found in the ppgtt structure to incrementing page
 * directories. */
static void gen6_write_page_range(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                                  u32 start, u32 length)
{
        struct i915_page_table *pt;
        unsigned int pde;

        gen6_for_each_pde(pt, &ppgtt->pd, start, length, pde)
                gen6_write_pde(ppgtt, pde, pt);

        mark_tlbs_dirty(ppgtt);
        wmb();
}

static inline u32 get_pd_offset(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
        GEM_BUG_ON(ppgtt->pd.base.ggtt_offset & 0x3f);
        return ppgtt->pd.base.ggtt_offset << 10;
}

static int hsw_mm_switch(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                         struct drm_i915_gem_request *req)
{
        struct intel_engine_cs *engine = req->engine;
        u32 *cs;

        /* NB: TLBs must be flushed and invalidated before a switch */
        cs = intel_ring_begin(req, 6);
        if (IS_ERR(cs))
                return PTR_ERR(cs);

        *cs++ = MI_LOAD_REGISTER_IMM(2);
        *cs++ = i915_mmio_reg_offset(RING_PP_DIR_DCLV(engine));
        *cs++ = PP_DIR_DCLV_2G;
        *cs++ = i915_mmio_reg_offset(RING_PP_DIR_BASE(engine));
        *cs++ = get_pd_offset(ppgtt);
        *cs++ = MI_NOOP;
        intel_ring_advance(req, cs);

        return 0;
}

static int gen7_mm_switch(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                          struct drm_i915_gem_request *req)
{
        struct intel_engine_cs *engine = req->engine;
        u32 *cs;

        /* NB: TLBs must be flushed and invalidated before a switch */
        cs = intel_ring_begin(req, 6);
        if (IS_ERR(cs))
                return PTR_ERR(cs);

        *cs++ = MI_LOAD_REGISTER_IMM(2);
        *cs++ = i915_mmio_reg_offset(RING_PP_DIR_DCLV(engine));
        *cs++ = PP_DIR_DCLV_2G;
        *cs++ = i915_mmio_reg_offset(RING_PP_DIR_BASE(engine));
        *cs++ = get_pd_offset(ppgtt);
        *cs++ = MI_NOOP;
        intel_ring_advance(req, cs);

        return 0;
}

static int gen6_mm_switch(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                          struct drm_i915_gem_request *req)
{
        struct intel_engine_cs *engine = req->engine;
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = req->i915;

        I915_WRITE(RING_PP_DIR_DCLV(engine), PP_DIR_DCLV_2G);
        I915_WRITE(RING_PP_DIR_BASE(engine), get_pd_offset(ppgtt));
        return 0;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_enable(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
        enum intel_engine_id id;

        for_each_engine(engine, dev_priv, id) {
                u32 four_level = USES_FULL_48BIT_PPGTT(dev_priv) ?
                                 GEN8_GFX_PPGTT_48B : 0;
                I915_WRITE(RING_MODE_GEN7(engine),
                           _MASKED_BIT_ENABLE(GFX_PPGTT_ENABLE | four_level));
        }
}

static void gen7_ppgtt_enable(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
        u32 ecochk, ecobits;
        enum intel_engine_id id;

        ecobits = I915_READ(GAC_ECO_BITS);
        I915_WRITE(GAC_ECO_BITS, ecobits | ECOBITS_PPGTT_CACHE64B);

        ecochk = I915_READ(GAM_ECOCHK);
        if (IS_HASWELL(dev_priv)) {
                ecochk |= ECOCHK_PPGTT_WB_HSW;
        } else {
                ecochk |= ECOCHK_PPGTT_LLC_IVB;
                ecochk &= ~ECOCHK_PPGTT_GFDT_IVB;
        }
        I915_WRITE(GAM_ECOCHK, ecochk);

        for_each_engine(engine, dev_priv, id) {
                /* GFX_MODE is per-ring on gen7+ */
                I915_WRITE(RING_MODE_GEN7(engine),
                           _MASKED_BIT_ENABLE(GFX_PPGTT_ENABLE));
        }
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_enable(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        u32 ecochk, gab_ctl, ecobits;

        ecobits = I915_READ(GAC_ECO_BITS);
        I915_WRITE(GAC_ECO_BITS, ecobits | ECOBITS_SNB_BIT |
                   ECOBITS_PPGTT_CACHE64B);

        gab_ctl = I915_READ(GAB_CTL);
        I915_WRITE(GAB_CTL, gab_ctl | GAB_CTL_CONT_AFTER_PAGEFAULT);

        ecochk = I915_READ(GAM_ECOCHK);
        I915_WRITE(GAM_ECOCHK, ecochk | ECOCHK_SNB_BIT | ECOCHK_PPGTT_CACHE64B);

        I915_WRITE(GFX_MODE, _MASKED_BIT_ENABLE(GFX_PPGTT_ENABLE));
}

/* PPGTT support for Sandybdrige/Gen6 and later */
static void gen6_ppgtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                   u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
        unsigned int first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        unsigned int pde = first_entry / GEN6_PTES;
        unsigned int pte = first_entry % GEN6_PTES;
        unsigned int num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        gen6_pte_t scratch_pte =
                vm->pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr, I915_CACHE_LLC, 0);

        while (num_entries) {
                struct i915_page_table *pt = ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde++];
                unsigned int end = min(pte + num_entries, GEN6_PTES);
                gen6_pte_t *vaddr;

                num_entries -= end - pte;

                /* Note that the hw doesn't support removing PDE on the fly
                 * (they are cached inside the context with no means to
                 * invalidate the cache), so we can only reset the PTE
                 * entries back to scratch.
                 */

                vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pt);
                do {
                        vaddr[pte++] = scratch_pte;
                } while (pte < end);
                kunmap_atomic(vaddr);

                pte = 0;
        }
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                      struct sg_table *pages,
                                      u64 start,
                                      enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
                                      u32 flags)
{
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
        unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        unsigned act_pt = first_entry / GEN6_PTES;
        unsigned act_pte = first_entry % GEN6_PTES;
        const u32 pte_encode = vm->pte_encode(0, cache_level, flags);
        struct sgt_dma iter;
        gen6_pte_t *vaddr;

        vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(ppgtt->pd.page_table[act_pt]);
        iter.sg = pages->sgl;
        iter.dma = sg_dma_address(iter.sg);
        iter.max = iter.dma + iter.sg->length;
        do {
                vaddr[act_pte] = pte_encode | GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(iter.dma);

                iter.dma += PAGE_SIZE;
                if (iter.dma == iter.max) {
                        iter.sg = __sg_next(iter.sg);
                        if (!iter.sg)
                                break;

                        iter.dma = sg_dma_address(iter.sg);
                        iter.max = iter.dma + iter.sg->length;
                }

                if (++act_pte == GEN6_PTES) {
                        kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
                        vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(ppgtt->pd.page_table[++act_pt]);
                        act_pte = 0;
                }
        } while (1);
        kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
}

static int gen6_alloc_va_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                               u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
        struct i915_page_table *pt;
        u64 from = start;
        unsigned int pde;
        bool flush = false;

        gen6_for_each_pde(pt, &ppgtt->pd, start, length, pde) {
                if (pt == vm->scratch_pt) {
                        pt = alloc_pt(vm);
                        if (IS_ERR(pt))
                                goto unwind_out;

                        gen6_initialize_pt(vm, pt);
                        ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde] = pt;
                        gen6_write_pde(ppgtt, pde, pt);
                        flush = true;
                }
        }

        if (flush) {
                mark_tlbs_dirty(ppgtt);
                wmb();
        }

        return 0;

unwind_out:
        gen6_ppgtt_clear_range(vm, from, start);
        return -ENOMEM;
}

static int gen6_init_scratch(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        int ret;

        ret = setup_scratch_page(vm, I915_GFP_DMA);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        vm->scratch_pt = alloc_pt(vm);
        if (IS_ERR(vm->scratch_pt)) {
                cleanup_scratch_page(vm);
                return PTR_ERR(vm->scratch_pt);
        }

        gen6_initialize_pt(vm, vm->scratch_pt);

        return 0;
}

static void gen6_free_scratch(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        free_pt(vm, vm->scratch_pt);
        cleanup_scratch_page(vm);
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_cleanup(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
        struct i915_page_directory *pd = &ppgtt->pd;
        struct i915_page_table *pt;
        u32 pde;

        drm_mm_remove_node(&ppgtt->node);

        gen6_for_all_pdes(pt, pd, pde)
                if (pt != vm->scratch_pt)
                        free_pt(vm, pt);

        gen6_free_scratch(vm);
}

static int gen6_ppgtt_allocate_page_directories(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
        struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->base;
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ppgtt->base.i915;
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
        int ret;

        /* PPGTT PDEs reside in the GGTT and consists of 512 entries. The
         * allocator works in address space sizes, so it's multiplied by page
         * size. We allocate at the top of the GTT to avoid fragmentation.
         */
        BUG_ON(!drm_mm_initialized(&ggtt->base.mm));

        ret = gen6_init_scratch(vm);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = i915_gem_gtt_insert(&ggtt->base, &ppgtt->node,
                                  GEN6_PD_SIZE, GEN6_PD_ALIGN,
                                  I915_COLOR_UNEVICTABLE,
                                  0, ggtt->base.total,
                                  PIN_HIGH);
        if (ret)
                goto err_out;

        if (ppgtt->node.start < ggtt->mappable_end)
                DRM_DEBUG("Forced to use aperture for PDEs\n");

        ppgtt->pd.base.ggtt_offset =
                ppgtt->node.start / PAGE_SIZE * sizeof(gen6_pte_t);

        ppgtt->pd_addr = (gen6_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm +
                ppgtt->pd.base.ggtt_offset / sizeof(gen6_pte_t);

        return 0;

err_out:
        gen6_free_scratch(vm);
        return ret;
}

static int gen6_ppgtt_alloc(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
        return gen6_ppgtt_allocate_page_directories(ppgtt);
}

static void gen6_scratch_va_range(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                                  u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_page_table *unused;
        u32 pde;

        gen6_for_each_pde(unused, &ppgtt->pd, start, length, pde)
                ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde] = ppgtt->base.scratch_pt;
}

static int gen6_ppgtt_init(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ppgtt->base.i915;
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
        int ret;

        ppgtt->base.pte_encode = ggtt->base.pte_encode;
        if (intel_vgpu_active(dev_priv) || IS_GEN6(dev_priv))
                ppgtt->switch_mm = gen6_mm_switch;
        else if (IS_HASWELL(dev_priv))
                ppgtt->switch_mm = hsw_mm_switch;
        else if (IS_GEN7(dev_priv))
                ppgtt->switch_mm = gen7_mm_switch;
        else
                BUG();

        ret = gen6_ppgtt_alloc(ppgtt);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ppgtt->base.total = I915_PDES * GEN6_PTES * PAGE_SIZE;

        gen6_scratch_va_range(ppgtt, 0, ppgtt->base.total);
        gen6_write_page_range(ppgtt, 0, ppgtt->base.total);

        ret = gen6_alloc_va_range(&ppgtt->base, 0, ppgtt->base.total);
        if (ret) {
                gen6_ppgtt_cleanup(&ppgtt->base);
                return ret;
        }

        ppgtt->base.clear_range = gen6_ppgtt_clear_range;
        ppgtt->base.insert_entries = gen6_ppgtt_insert_entries;
        ppgtt->base.unbind_vma = ppgtt_unbind_vma;
        ppgtt->base.bind_vma = ppgtt_bind_vma;
        ppgtt->base.cleanup = gen6_ppgtt_cleanup;
        ppgtt->debug_dump = gen6_dump_ppgtt;

        DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("Allocated pde space (%lldM) at GTT entry: %llx\n",
                         ppgtt->node.size >> 20,
                         ppgtt->node.start / PAGE_SIZE);

        DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("Adding PPGTT at offset %x\n",
                         ppgtt->pd.base.ggtt_offset << 10);

        return 0;
}

static int __hw_ppgtt_init(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
                           struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        ppgtt->base.i915 = dev_priv;
        ppgtt->base.dma = &dev_priv->drm.pdev->dev;

        if (INTEL_INFO(dev_priv)->gen < 8)
                return gen6_ppgtt_init(ppgtt);
        else
                return gen8_ppgtt_init(ppgtt);
}

static void i915_address_space_init(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                    struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv,
                                    const char *name)
{
        i915_gem_timeline_init(dev_priv, &vm->timeline, name);

        drm_mm_init(&vm->mm, 0, vm->total);
        vm->mm.head_node.color = I915_COLOR_UNEVICTABLE;

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vm->active_list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vm->inactive_list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vm->unbound_list);

        list_add_tail(&vm->global_link, &dev_priv->vm_list);
        pagevec_init(&vm->free_pages, false);
}

static void i915_address_space_fini(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        if (pagevec_count(&vm->free_pages))
                vm_free_pages_release(vm);

        i915_gem_timeline_fini(&vm->timeline);
        drm_mm_takedown(&vm->mm);
        list_del(&vm->global_link);
}

static void gtt_write_workarounds(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        /* This function is for gtt related workarounds. This function is
         * called on driver load and after a GPU reset, so you can place
         * workarounds here even if they get overwritten by GPU reset.
         */
        /* WaIncreaseDefaultTLBEntries:chv,bdw,skl,bxt,kbl,glk */
        if (IS_BROADWELL(dev_priv))
                I915_WRITE(GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU, GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU_DEFAULT_VALUE_BDW);
        else if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev_priv))
                I915_WRITE(GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU, GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU_DEFAULT_VALUE_CHV);
        else if (IS_GEN9_BC(dev_priv))
                I915_WRITE(GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU, GEN9_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU_DEFAULT_VALUE_SKL);
        else if (IS_GEN9_LP(dev_priv))
                I915_WRITE(GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU, GEN9_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU_DEFAULT_VALUE_BXT);
}

int i915_ppgtt_init_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        gtt_write_workarounds(dev_priv);

        /* In the case of execlists, PPGTT is enabled by the context descriptor
         * and the PDPs are contained within the context itself.  We don't
         * need to do anything here. */
        if (i915.enable_execlists)
                return 0;

        if (!USES_PPGTT(dev_priv))
                return 0;

        if (IS_GEN6(dev_priv))
                gen6_ppgtt_enable(dev_priv);
        else if (IS_GEN7(dev_priv))
                gen7_ppgtt_enable(dev_priv);
        else if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 8)
                gen8_ppgtt_enable(dev_priv);
        else
                MISSING_CASE(INTEL_GEN(dev_priv));

        return 0;
}

struct i915_hw_ppgtt *
i915_ppgtt_create(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv,
                  struct drm_i915_file_private *fpriv,
                  const char *name)
{
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;
        int ret;

        ppgtt = kzalloc(sizeof(*ppgtt), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ppgtt)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        ret = __hw_ppgtt_init(ppgtt, dev_priv);
        if (ret) {
                kfree(ppgtt);
                return ERR_PTR(ret);
        }

        kref_init(&ppgtt->ref);
        i915_address_space_init(&ppgtt->base, dev_priv, name);
        ppgtt->base.file = fpriv;

        trace_i915_ppgtt_create(&ppgtt->base);

        return ppgtt;
}

void i915_ppgtt_close(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        struct list_head *phases[] = {
                &vm->active_list,
                &vm->inactive_list,
                &vm->unbound_list,
                NULL,
        }, **phase;

        GEM_BUG_ON(vm->closed);
        vm->closed = true;

        for (phase = phases; *phase; phase++) {
                struct i915_vma *vma, *vn;

                list_for_each_entry_safe(vma, vn, *phase, vm_link)
                        if (!i915_vma_is_closed(vma))
                                i915_vma_close(vma);
        }
}

void i915_ppgtt_release(struct kref *kref)
{
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
                container_of(kref, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, ref);

        trace_i915_ppgtt_release(&ppgtt->base);

        /* vmas should already be unbound and destroyed */
        WARN_ON(!list_empty(&ppgtt->base.active_list));
        WARN_ON(!list_empty(&ppgtt->base.inactive_list));
        WARN_ON(!list_empty(&ppgtt->base.unbound_list));

        ppgtt->base.cleanup(&ppgtt->base);
        i915_address_space_fini(&ppgtt->base);
        kfree(ppgtt);
}

/* Certain Gen5 chipsets require require idling the GPU before
 * unmapping anything from the GTT when VT-d is enabled.
 */
static bool needs_idle_maps(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU
        /* Query intel_iommu to see if we need the workaround. Presumably that
         * was loaded first.
         */
        if (IS_GEN5(dev_priv) && IS_MOBILE(dev_priv) && intel_iommu_gfx_mapped)
                return true;
#endif
        return false;
}

void i915_check_and_clear_faults(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
        enum intel_engine_id id;

        if (INTEL_INFO(dev_priv)->gen < 6)
                return;

        for_each_engine(engine, dev_priv, id) {
                u32 fault_reg;
                fault_reg = I915_READ(RING_FAULT_REG(engine));
                if (fault_reg & RING_FAULT_VALID) {
                        DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("Unexpected fault\n"
                                         "\tAddr: 0x%08lx\n"
                                         "\tAddress space: %s\n"
                                         "\tSource ID: %d\n"
                                         "\tType: %d\n",
                                         fault_reg & PAGE_MASK,
                                         fault_reg & RING_FAULT_GTTSEL_MASK ? "GGTT" : "PPGTT",
                                         RING_FAULT_SRCID(fault_reg),
                                         RING_FAULT_FAULT_TYPE(fault_reg));
                        I915_WRITE(RING_FAULT_REG(engine),
                                   fault_reg & ~RING_FAULT_VALID);
                }
        }

        /* Engine specific init may not have been done till this point. */
        if (dev_priv->engine[RCS])
                POSTING_READ(RING_FAULT_REG(dev_priv->engine[RCS]));
}

void i915_gem_suspend_gtt_mappings(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;

        /* Don't bother messing with faults pre GEN6 as we have little
         * documentation supporting that it's a good idea.
         */
        if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) < 6)
                return;

        i915_check_and_clear_faults(dev_priv);

        ggtt->base.clear_range(&ggtt->base, 0, ggtt->base.total);

        i915_ggtt_invalidate(dev_priv);
}

int i915_gem_gtt_prepare_pages(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
                               struct sg_table *pages)
{
        do {
                if (dma_map_sg(&obj->base.dev->pdev->dev,
                               pages->sgl, pages->nents,
                               PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL))
                        return 0;

                /* If the DMA remap fails, one cause can be that we have
                 * too many objects pinned in a small remapping table,
                 * such as swiotlb. Incrementally purge all other objects and
                 * try again - if there are no more pages to remove from
                 * the DMA remapper, i915_gem_shrink will return 0.
                 */
                GEM_BUG_ON(obj->mm.pages == pages);
        } while (i915_gem_shrink(to_i915(obj->base.dev),
                                 obj->base.size >> PAGE_SHIFT,
                                 I915_SHRINK_BOUND |
                                 I915_SHRINK_UNBOUND |
                                 I915_SHRINK_ACTIVE));

        return -ENOSPC;
}

static void gen8_set_pte(void __iomem *addr, gen8_pte_t pte)
{
        writeq(pte, addr);
}

static void gen8_ggtt_insert_page(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                  dma_addr_t addr,
                                  u64 offset,
                                  enum i915_cache_level level,
                                  u32 unused)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
        gen8_pte_t __iomem *pte =
                (gen8_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm + (offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);

        gen8_set_pte(pte, gen8_pte_encode(addr, level));

        ggtt->invalidate(vm->i915);
}

static void gen8_ggtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                     struct sg_table *st,
                                     u64 start,
                                     enum i915_cache_level level,
                                     u32 unused)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
        struct sgt_iter sgt_iter;
        gen8_pte_t __iomem *gtt_entries;
        const gen8_pte_t pte_encode = gen8_pte_encode(0, level);
        dma_addr_t addr;

        gtt_entries = (gen8_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm;
        gtt_entries += start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        for_each_sgt_dma(addr, sgt_iter, st)
                gen8_set_pte(gtt_entries++, pte_encode | addr);

        wmb();

        /* This next bit makes the above posting read even more important. We
         * want to flush the TLBs only after we're certain all the PTE updates
         * have finished.
         */
        ggtt->invalidate(vm->i915);
}

static void gen6_ggtt_insert_page(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                  dma_addr_t addr,
                                  u64 offset,
                                  enum i915_cache_level level,
                                  u32 flags)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
        gen6_pte_t __iomem *pte =
                (gen6_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm + (offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);

        iowrite32(vm->pte_encode(addr, level, flags), pte);

        ggtt->invalidate(vm->i915);
}

/*
 * Binds an object into the global gtt with the specified cache level. The object
 * will be accessible to the GPU via commands whose operands reference offsets
 * within the global GTT as well as accessible by the GPU through the GMADR
 * mapped BAR (dev_priv->mm.gtt->gtt).
 */
static void gen6_ggtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                     struct sg_table *st,
                                     u64 start,
                                     enum i915_cache_level level,
                                     u32 flags)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
        gen6_pte_t __iomem *entries = (gen6_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm;
        unsigned int i = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        struct sgt_iter iter;
        dma_addr_t addr;
        for_each_sgt_dma(addr, iter, st)
                iowrite32(vm->pte_encode(addr, level, flags), &entries[i++]);
        wmb();

        /* This next bit makes the above posting read even more important. We
         * want to flush the TLBs only after we're certain all the PTE updates
         * have finished.
         */
        ggtt->invalidate(vm->i915);
}

static void nop_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                            u64 start, u64 length)
{
}

static void gen8_ggtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                  u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
        unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        unsigned num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        const gen8_pte_t scratch_pte =
                gen8_pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr, I915_CACHE_LLC);
        gen8_pte_t __iomem *gtt_base =
                (gen8_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm + first_entry;
        const int max_entries = ggtt_total_entries(ggtt) - first_entry;
        int i;

        if (WARN(num_entries > max_entries,
                 "First entry = %d; Num entries = %d (max=%d)\n",
                 first_entry, num_entries, max_entries))
                num_entries = max_entries;

        for (i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
                gen8_set_pte(&gtt_base[i], scratch_pte);
}

static void gen6_ggtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                  u64 start, u64 length)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
        unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        unsigned num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        gen6_pte_t scratch_pte, __iomem *gtt_base =
                (gen6_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm + first_entry;
        const int max_entries = ggtt_total_entries(ggtt) - first_entry;
        int i;

        if (WARN(num_entries > max_entries,
                 "First entry = %d; Num entries = %d (max=%d)\n",
                 first_entry, num_entries, max_entries))
                num_entries = max_entries;

        scratch_pte = vm->pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr,
                                     I915_CACHE_LLC, 0);

        for (i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
                iowrite32(scratch_pte, &gtt_base[i]);
}

static void i915_ggtt_insert_page(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                  dma_addr_t addr,
                                  u64 offset,
                                  enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
                                  u32 unused)
{
        unsigned int flags = (cache_level == I915_CACHE_NONE) ?
                AGP_USER_MEMORY : AGP_USER_CACHED_MEMORY;

        intel_gtt_insert_page(addr, offset >> PAGE_SHIFT, flags);
}

static void i915_ggtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                     struct sg_table *pages,
                                     u64 start,
                                     enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
                                     u32 unused)
{
        unsigned int flags = (cache_level == I915_CACHE_NONE) ?
                AGP_USER_MEMORY : AGP_USER_CACHED_MEMORY;

        intel_gtt_insert_sg_entries(pages, start >> PAGE_SHIFT, flags);
}

static void i915_ggtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                                  u64 start, u64 length)
{
        intel_gtt_clear_range(start >> PAGE_SHIFT, length >> PAGE_SHIFT);
}

static int ggtt_bind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma,
                         enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
                         u32 flags)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *i915 = vma->vm->i915;
        struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = vma->obj;
        u32 pte_flags;

        if (unlikely(!vma->pages)) {
                int ret = i915_get_ggtt_vma_pages(vma);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        /* Currently applicable only to VLV */
        pte_flags = 0;
        if (obj->gt_ro)
                pte_flags |= PTE_READ_ONLY;

        intel_runtime_pm_get(i915);
        vma->vm->insert_entries(vma->vm, vma->pages, vma->node.start,
                                cache_level, pte_flags);
        intel_runtime_pm_put(i915);

        /*
         * Without aliasing PPGTT there's no difference between
         * GLOBAL/LOCAL_BIND, it's all the same ptes. Hence unconditionally
         * upgrade to both bound if we bind either to avoid double-binding.
         */
        vma->flags |= I915_VMA_GLOBAL_BIND | I915_VMA_LOCAL_BIND;

        return 0;
}

static void ggtt_unbind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *i915 = vma->vm->i915;

        intel_runtime_pm_get(i915);
        vma->vm->clear_range(vma->vm, vma->node.start, vma->size);
        intel_runtime_pm_put(i915);
}

static int aliasing_gtt_bind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma,
                                 enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
                                 u32 flags)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *i915 = vma->vm->i915;
        u32 pte_flags;
        int ret;

        if (unlikely(!vma->pages)) {
                ret = i915_get_ggtt_vma_pages(vma);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        /* Currently applicable only to VLV */
        pte_flags = 0;
        if (vma->obj->gt_ro)
                pte_flags |= PTE_READ_ONLY;

        if (flags & I915_VMA_LOCAL_BIND) {
                struct i915_hw_ppgtt *appgtt = i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt;

                if (appgtt->base.allocate_va_range) {
                        ret = appgtt->base.allocate_va_range(&appgtt->base,
                                                             vma->node.start,
                                                             vma->node.size);
                        if (ret)
                                goto err_pages;
                }

                appgtt->base.insert_entries(&appgtt->base,
                                            vma->pages, vma->node.start,
                                            cache_level, pte_flags);
        }

        if (flags & I915_VMA_GLOBAL_BIND) {
                intel_runtime_pm_get(i915);
                vma->vm->insert_entries(vma->vm,
                                        vma->pages, vma->node.start,
                                        cache_level, pte_flags);
                intel_runtime_pm_put(i915);
        }

        return 0;

err_pages:
        if (!(vma->flags & (I915_VMA_GLOBAL_BIND | I915_VMA_LOCAL_BIND))) {
                if (vma->pages != vma->obj->mm.pages) {
                        GEM_BUG_ON(!vma->pages);
                        sg_free_table(vma->pages);
                        kfree(vma->pages);
                }
                vma->pages = NULL;
        }
        return ret;
}

static void aliasing_gtt_unbind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *i915 = vma->vm->i915;

        if (vma->flags & I915_VMA_GLOBAL_BIND) {
                intel_runtime_pm_get(i915);
                vma->vm->clear_range(vma->vm, vma->node.start, vma->size);
                intel_runtime_pm_put(i915);
        }

        if (vma->flags & I915_VMA_LOCAL_BIND) {
                struct i915_address_space *vm = &i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt->base;

                vm->clear_range(vm, vma->node.start, vma->size);
        }
}

void i915_gem_gtt_finish_pages(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
                               struct sg_table *pages)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = to_i915(obj->base.dev);
        struct device *kdev = &dev_priv->drm.pdev->dev;
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;

        if (unlikely(ggtt->do_idle_maps)) {
                if (i915_gem_wait_for_idle(dev_priv, 0)) {
                        DRM_ERROR("Failed to wait for idle; VT'd may hang.\n");
                        /* Wait a bit, in hopes it avoids the hang */
                        udelay(10);
                }
        }

        dma_unmap_sg(kdev, pages->sgl, pages->nents, PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
}

static void i915_gtt_color_adjust(const struct drm_mm_node *node,
                                  unsigned long color,
                                  u64 *start,
                                  u64 *end)
{
        if (node->allocated && node->color != color)
                *start += I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;

        /* Also leave a space between the unallocated reserved node after the
         * GTT and any objects within the GTT, i.e. we use the color adjustment
         * to insert a guard page to prevent prefetches crossing over the
         * GTT boundary.
         */
        node = list_next_entry(node, node_list);
        if (node->color != color)
                *end -= I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;
}

int i915_gem_init_aliasing_ppgtt(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &i915->ggtt;
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;
        int err;

        ppgtt = i915_ppgtt_create(i915, ERR_PTR(-EPERM), "[alias]");
        if (IS_ERR(ppgtt))
                return PTR_ERR(ppgtt);

        if (WARN_ON(ppgtt->base.total < ggtt->base.total)) {
                err = -ENODEV;
                goto err_ppgtt;
        }

        if (ppgtt->base.allocate_va_range) {
                /* Note we only pre-allocate as far as the end of the global
                 * GTT. On 48b / 4-level page-tables, the difference is very,
                 * very significant! We have to preallocate as GVT/vgpu does
                 * not like the page directory disappearing.
                 */
                err = ppgtt->base.allocate_va_range(&ppgtt->base,
                                                    0, ggtt->base.total);
                if (err)
                        goto err_ppgtt;
        }

        i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt = ppgtt;

        WARN_ON(ggtt->base.bind_vma != ggtt_bind_vma);
        ggtt->base.bind_vma = aliasing_gtt_bind_vma;

        WARN_ON(ggtt->base.unbind_vma != ggtt_unbind_vma);
        ggtt->base.unbind_vma = aliasing_gtt_unbind_vma;

        return 0;

err_ppgtt:
        i915_ppgtt_put(ppgtt);
        return err;
}

void i915_gem_fini_aliasing_ppgtt(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &i915->ggtt;
        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;

        ppgtt = fetch_and_zero(&i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt);
        if (!ppgtt)
                return;

        i915_ppgtt_put(ppgtt);

        ggtt->base.bind_vma = ggtt_bind_vma;
        ggtt->base.unbind_vma = ggtt_unbind_vma;
}

int i915_gem_init_ggtt(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        /* Let GEM Manage all of the aperture.
         *
         * However, leave one page at the end still bound to the scratch page.
         * There are a number of places where the hardware apparently prefetches
         * past the end of the object, and we've seen multiple hangs with the
         * GPU head pointer stuck in a batchbuffer bound at the last page of the
         * aperture.  One page should be enough to keep any prefetching inside
         * of the aperture.
         */
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
        unsigned long hole_start, hole_end;
        struct drm_mm_node *entry;
        int ret;

        ret = intel_vgt_balloon(dev_priv);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        /* Reserve a mappable slot for our lockless error capture */
        ret = drm_mm_insert_node_in_range(&ggtt->base.mm, &ggtt->error_capture,
                                          PAGE_SIZE, 0, I915_COLOR_UNEVICTABLE,
                                          0, ggtt->mappable_end,
                                          DRM_MM_INSERT_LOW);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        /* Clear any non-preallocated blocks */
        drm_mm_for_each_hole(entry, &ggtt->base.mm, hole_start, hole_end) {
                DRM_DEBUG_KMS("clearing unused GTT space: [%lx, %lx]\n",
                              hole_start, hole_end);
                ggtt->base.clear_range(&ggtt->base, hole_start,
                                       hole_end - hole_start);
        }

        /* And finally clear the reserved guard page */
        ggtt->base.clear_range(&ggtt->base,
                               ggtt->base.total - PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);

        if (USES_PPGTT(dev_priv) && !USES_FULL_PPGTT(dev_priv)) {
                ret = i915_gem_init_aliasing_ppgtt(dev_priv);
                if (ret)
                        goto err;
        }

        return 0;

err:
        drm_mm_remove_node(&ggtt->error_capture);
        return ret;
}

/**
 * i915_ggtt_cleanup_hw - Clean up GGTT hardware initialization
 * @dev_priv: i915 device
 */
void i915_ggtt_cleanup_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
        struct i915_vma *vma, *vn;

        ggtt->base.closed = true;

        mutex_lock(&dev_priv->drm.struct_mutex);
        WARN_ON(!list_empty(&ggtt->base.active_list));
        list_for_each_entry_safe(vma, vn, &ggtt->base.inactive_list, vm_link)
                WARN_ON(i915_vma_unbind(vma));
        mutex_unlock(&dev_priv->drm.struct_mutex);

        i915_gem_cleanup_stolen(&dev_priv->drm);

        mutex_lock(&dev_priv->drm.struct_mutex);
        i915_gem_fini_aliasing_ppgtt(dev_priv);

        if (drm_mm_node_allocated(&ggtt->error_capture))
                drm_mm_remove_node(&ggtt->error_capture);

        if (drm_mm_initialized(&ggtt->base.mm)) {
                intel_vgt_deballoon(dev_priv);
                i915_address_space_fini(&ggtt->base);
        }

        ggtt->base.cleanup(&ggtt->base);
        mutex_unlock(&dev_priv->drm.struct_mutex);

        arch_phys_wc_del(ggtt->mtrr);
        io_mapping_fini(&ggtt->mappable);
}

static unsigned int gen6_get_total_gtt_size(u16 snb_gmch_ctl)
{
        snb_gmch_ctl >>= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_SHIFT;
        snb_gmch_ctl &= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_MASK;
        return snb_gmch_ctl << 20;
}

static unsigned int gen8_get_total_gtt_size(u16 bdw_gmch_ctl)
{
        bdw_gmch_ctl >>= BDW_GMCH_GGMS_SHIFT;
        bdw_gmch_ctl &= BDW_GMCH_GGMS_MASK;
        if (bdw_gmch_ctl)
                bdw_gmch_ctl = 1 << bdw_gmch_ctl;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
        /* Limit 32b platforms to a 2GB GGTT: 4 << 20 / pte size * PAGE_SIZE */
        if (bdw_gmch_ctl > 4)
                bdw_gmch_ctl = 4;
#endif

        return bdw_gmch_ctl << 20;
}

static unsigned int chv_get_total_gtt_size(u16 gmch_ctrl)
{
        gmch_ctrl >>= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_SHIFT;
        gmch_ctrl &= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_MASK;

        if (gmch_ctrl)
                return 1 << (20 + gmch_ctrl);

        return 0;
}

static size_t gen6_get_stolen_size(u16 snb_gmch_ctl)
{
        snb_gmch_ctl >>= SNB_GMCH_GMS_SHIFT;
        snb_gmch_ctl &= SNB_GMCH_GMS_MASK;
        return snb_gmch_ctl << 25; /* 32 MB units */
}

static size_t gen8_get_stolen_size(u16 bdw_gmch_ctl)
{
        bdw_gmch_ctl >>= BDW_GMCH_GMS_SHIFT;
        bdw_gmch_ctl &= BDW_GMCH_GMS_MASK;
        return bdw_gmch_ctl << 25; /* 32 MB units */
}

static size_t chv_get_stolen_size(u16 gmch_ctrl)
{
        gmch_ctrl >>= SNB_GMCH_GMS_SHIFT;
        gmch_ctrl &= SNB_GMCH_GMS_MASK;

        /*
         * 0x0  to 0x10: 32MB increments starting at 0MB
         * 0x11 to 0x16: 4MB increments starting at 8MB
         * 0x17 to 0x1d: 4MB increments start at 36MB
         */
        if (gmch_ctrl < 0x11)
                return gmch_ctrl << 25;
        else if (gmch_ctrl < 0x17)
                return (gmch_ctrl - 0x11 + 2) << 22;
        else
                return (gmch_ctrl - 0x17 + 9) << 22;
}

static size_t gen9_get_stolen_size(u16 gen9_gmch_ctl)
{
        gen9_gmch_ctl >>= BDW_GMCH_GMS_SHIFT;
        gen9_gmch_ctl &= BDW_GMCH_GMS_MASK;

        if (gen9_gmch_ctl < 0xf0)
                return gen9_gmch_ctl << 25; /* 32 MB units */
        else
                /* 4MB increments starting at 0xf0 for 4MB */
                return (gen9_gmch_ctl - 0xf0 + 1) << 22;
}

static int ggtt_probe_common(struct i915_ggtt *ggtt, u64 size)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ggtt->base.i915;
        struct pci_dev *pdev = dev_priv->drm.pdev;
        phys_addr_t phys_addr;
        int ret;

        /* For Modern GENs the PTEs and register space are split in the BAR */
        phys_addr = pci_resource_start(pdev, 0) + pci_resource_len(pdev, 0) / 2;

        /*
         * On BXT writes larger than 64 bit to the GTT pagetable range will be
         * dropped. For WC mappings in general we have 64 byte burst writes
         * when the WC buffer is flushed, so we can't use it, but have to
         * resort to an uncached mapping. The WC issue is easily caught by the
         * readback check when writing GTT PTE entries.
         */
        if (IS_GEN9_LP(dev_priv))
                ggtt->gsm = ioremap_nocache(phys_addr, size);
        else
                ggtt->gsm = ioremap_wc(phys_addr, size);
        if (!ggtt->gsm) {
                DRM_ERROR("Failed to map the ggtt page table\n");
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        ret = setup_scratch_page(&ggtt->base, GFP_DMA32);
        if (ret) {
                DRM_ERROR("Scratch setup failed\n");
                /* iounmap will also get called at remove, but meh */
                iounmap(ggtt->gsm);
                return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

/* The GGTT and PPGTT need a private PPAT setup in order to handle cacheability
 * bits. When using advanced contexts each context stores its own PAT, but
 * writing this data shouldn't be harmful even in those cases. */
static void bdw_setup_private_ppat(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        u64 pat;

        pat = GEN8_PPAT(0, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLC)     | /* for normal objects, no eLLC */
              GEN8_PPAT(1, GEN8_PPAT_WC | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC) | /* for something pointing to ptes? */
              GEN8_PPAT(2, GEN8_PPAT_WT | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC) | /* for scanout with eLLC */
              GEN8_PPAT(3, GEN8_PPAT_UC)                     | /* Uncached objects, mostly for scanout */
              GEN8_PPAT(4, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(0)) |
              GEN8_PPAT(5, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(1)) |
              GEN8_PPAT(6, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(2)) |
              GEN8_PPAT(7, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(3));

        if (!USES_PPGTT(dev_priv))
                /* Spec: "For GGTT, there is NO pat_sel[2:0] from the entry,
                 * so RTL will always use the value corresponding to
                 * pat_sel = 000".
                 * So let's disable cache for GGTT to avoid screen corruptions.
                 * MOCS still can be used though.
                 * - System agent ggtt writes (i.e. cpu gtt mmaps) already work
                 * before this patch, i.e. the same uncached + snooping access
                 * like on gen6/7 seems to be in effect.
                 * - So this just fixes blitter/render access. Again it looks
                 * like it's not just uncached access, but uncached + snooping.
                 * So we can still hold onto all our assumptions wrt cpu
                 * clflushing on LLC machines.
                 */
                pat = GEN8_PPAT(0, GEN8_PPAT_UC);

        /* XXX: spec defines this as 2 distinct registers. It's unclear if a 64b
         * write would work. */
        I915_WRITE(GEN8_PRIVATE_PAT_LO, pat);
        I915_WRITE(GEN8_PRIVATE_PAT_HI, pat >> 32);
}

static void chv_setup_private_ppat(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        u64 pat;

        /*
         * Map WB on BDW to snooped on CHV.
         *
         * Only the snoop bit has meaning for CHV, the rest is
         * ignored.
         *
         * The hardware will never snoop for certain types of accesses:
         * - CPU GTT (GMADR->GGTT->no snoop->memory)
         * - PPGTT page tables
         * - some other special cycles
         *
         * As with BDW, we also need to consider the following for GT accesses:
         * "For GGTT, there is NO pat_sel[2:0] from the entry,
         * so RTL will always use the value corresponding to
         * pat_sel = 000".
         * Which means we must set the snoop bit in PAT entry 0
         * in order to keep the global status page working.
         */
        pat = GEN8_PPAT(0, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP) |
              GEN8_PPAT(1, 0) |
              GEN8_PPAT(2, 0) |
              GEN8_PPAT(3, 0) |
              GEN8_PPAT(4, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP) |
              GEN8_PPAT(5, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP) |
              GEN8_PPAT(6, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP) |
              GEN8_PPAT(7, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP);

        I915_WRITE(GEN8_PRIVATE_PAT_LO, pat);
        I915_WRITE(GEN8_PRIVATE_PAT_HI, pat >> 32);
}

static void gen6_gmch_remove(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);

        iounmap(ggtt->gsm);
        cleanup_scratch_page(vm);
}

static int gen8_gmch_probe(struct i915_ggtt *ggtt)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ggtt->base.i915;
        struct pci_dev *pdev = dev_priv->drm.pdev;
        unsigned int size;
        u16 snb_gmch_ctl;

        /* TODO: We're not aware of mappable constraints on gen8 yet */
        ggtt->mappable_base = pci_resource_start(pdev, 2);
        ggtt->mappable_end = pci_resource_len(pdev, 2);

        if (!pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(39)))
                pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(39));

        pci_read_config_word(pdev, SNB_GMCH_CTRL, &snb_gmch_ctl);

        if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 9) {
                ggtt->stolen_size = gen9_get_stolen_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
                size = gen8_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
        } else if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev_priv)) {
                ggtt->stolen_size = chv_get_stolen_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
                size = chv_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
        } else {
                ggtt->stolen_size = gen8_get_stolen_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
                size = gen8_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
        }

        ggtt->base.total = (size / sizeof(gen8_pte_t)) << PAGE_SHIFT;

        if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev_priv) || IS_GEN9_LP(dev_priv))
                chv_setup_private_ppat(dev_priv);
        else
                bdw_setup_private_ppat(dev_priv);

        ggtt->base.cleanup = gen6_gmch_remove;
        ggtt->base.bind_vma = ggtt_bind_vma;
        ggtt->base.unbind_vma = ggtt_unbind_vma;
        ggtt->base.insert_page = gen8_ggtt_insert_page;
        ggtt->base.clear_range = nop_clear_range;
        if (!USES_FULL_PPGTT(dev_priv) || intel_scanout_needs_vtd_wa(dev_priv))
                ggtt->base.clear_range = gen8_ggtt_clear_range;

        ggtt->base.insert_entries = gen8_ggtt_insert_entries;

        ggtt->invalidate = gen6_ggtt_invalidate;

        return ggtt_probe_common(ggtt, size);
}

static int gen6_gmch_probe(struct i915_ggtt *ggtt)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ggtt->base.i915;
        struct pci_dev *pdev = dev_priv->drm.pdev;
        unsigned int size;
        u16 snb_gmch_ctl;

        ggtt->mappable_base = pci_resource_start(pdev, 2);
        ggtt->mappable_end = pci_resource_len(pdev, 2);

        /* 64/512MB is the current min/max we actually know of, but this is just
         * a coarse sanity check.
         */
        if (ggtt->mappable_end < (64<<20) || ggtt->mappable_end > (512<<20)) {
                DRM_ERROR("Unknown GMADR size (%llx)\n", ggtt->mappable_end);
                return -ENXIO;
        }

        if (!pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(40)))
                pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(40));
        pci_read_config_word(pdev, SNB_GMCH_CTRL, &snb_gmch_ctl);

        ggtt->stolen_size = gen6_get_stolen_size(snb_gmch_ctl);

        size = gen6_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
        ggtt->base.total = (size / sizeof(gen6_pte_t)) << PAGE_SHIFT;

        ggtt->base.clear_range = gen6_ggtt_clear_range;
        ggtt->base.insert_page = gen6_ggtt_insert_page;
        ggtt->base.insert_entries = gen6_ggtt_insert_entries;
        ggtt->base.bind_vma = ggtt_bind_vma;
        ggtt->base.unbind_vma = ggtt_unbind_vma;
        ggtt->base.cleanup = gen6_gmch_remove;

        ggtt->invalidate = gen6_ggtt_invalidate;

        if (HAS_EDRAM(dev_priv))
                ggtt->base.pte_encode = iris_pte_encode;
        else if (IS_HASWELL(dev_priv))
                ggtt->base.pte_encode = hsw_pte_encode;
        else if (IS_VALLEYVIEW(dev_priv))
                ggtt->base.pte_encode = byt_pte_encode;
        else if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 7)
                ggtt->base.pte_encode = ivb_pte_encode;
        else
                ggtt->base.pte_encode = snb_pte_encode;

        return ggtt_probe_common(ggtt, size);
}

static void i915_gmch_remove(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
        intel_gmch_remove();
}

static int i915_gmch_probe(struct i915_ggtt *ggtt)
{
        struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ggtt->base.i915;
        int ret;

        ret = intel_gmch_probe(dev_priv->bridge_dev, dev_priv->drm.pdev, NULL);
        if (!ret) {
                DRM_ERROR("failed to set up gmch\n");
                return -EIO;
        }

        intel_gtt_get(&ggtt->base.total,
                      &ggtt->stolen_size,
                      &ggtt->mappable_base,
                      &ggtt->mappable_end);

        ggtt->do_idle_maps = needs_idle_maps(dev_priv);
        ggtt->base.insert_page = i915_ggtt_insert_page;
        ggtt->base.insert_entries = i915_ggtt_insert_entries;
        ggtt->base.clear_range = i915_ggtt_clear_range;
        ggtt->base.bind_vma = ggtt_bind_vma;
        ggtt->base.unbind_vma = ggtt_unbind_vma;
        ggtt->base.cleanup = i915_gmch_remove;

        ggtt->invalidate = gmch_ggtt_invalidate;

        if (unlikely(ggtt->do_idle_maps))
                DRM_INFO("applying Ironlake quirks for intel_iommu\n");

        return 0;
}

/**
 * i915_ggtt_probe_hw - Probe GGTT hardware location
 * @dev_priv: i915 device
 */
int i915_ggtt_probe_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
        int ret;

        ggtt->base.i915 = dev_priv;
        ggtt->base.dma = &dev_priv->drm.pdev->dev;

        if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) <= 5)
                ret = i915_gmch_probe(ggtt);
        else if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) < 8)
                ret = gen6_gmch_probe(ggtt);
        else
                ret = gen8_gmch_probe(ggtt);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        /* Trim the GGTT to fit the GuC mappable upper range (when enabled).
         * This is easier than doing range restriction on the fly, as we
         * currently don't have any bits spare to pass in this upper
         * restriction!
         */
        if (HAS_GUC(dev_priv) && i915.enable_guc_loading) {
                ggtt->base.total = min_t(u64, ggtt->base.total, GUC_GGTT_TOP);
                ggtt->mappable_end = min(ggtt->mappable_end, ggtt->base.total);
        }

        if ((ggtt->base.total - 1) >> 32) {
                DRM_ERROR("We never expected a Global GTT with more than 32bits"
                          " of address space! Found %lldM!\n",
                          ggtt->base.total >> 20);
                ggtt->base.total = 1ULL << 32;
                ggtt->mappable_end = min(ggtt->mappable_end, ggtt->base.total);
        }

        if (ggtt->mappable_end > ggtt->base.total) {
                DRM_ERROR("mappable aperture extends past end of GGTT,"
                          " aperture=%llx, total=%llx\n",
                          ggtt->mappable_end, ggtt->base.total);
                ggtt->mappable_end = ggtt->base.total;
        }

        /* GMADR is the PCI mmio aperture into the global GTT. */
        DRM_INFO("Memory usable by graphics device = %lluM\n",
                 ggtt->base.total >> 20);
        DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("GMADR size = %lldM\n", ggtt->mappable_end >> 20);
        DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("GTT stolen size = %uM\n", ggtt->stolen_size >> 20);
#ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU
        if (intel_iommu_gfx_mapped)
                DRM_INFO("VT-d active for gfx access\n");
#endif

        return 0;
}

/**
 * i915_ggtt_init_hw - Initialize GGTT hardware
 * @dev_priv: i915 device
 */
int i915_ggtt_init_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
        int ret;

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev_priv->vm_list);

        /* Note that we use page colouring to enforce a guard page at the
         * end of the address space. This is required as the CS may prefetch
         * beyond the end of the batch buffer, across the page boundary,
         * and beyond the end of the GTT if we do not provide a guard.
         */
        mutex_lock(&dev_priv->drm.struct_mutex);
        i915_address_space_init(&ggtt->base, dev_priv, "[global]");
        if (!HAS_LLC(dev_priv) && !USES_PPGTT(dev_priv))
                ggtt->base.mm.color_adjust = i915_gtt_color_adjust;
        mutex_unlock(&dev_priv->drm.struct_mutex);

        if (!io_mapping_init_wc(&dev_priv->ggtt.mappable,
                                dev_priv->ggtt.mappable_base,
                                dev_priv->ggtt.mappable_end)) {
                ret = -EIO;
                goto out_gtt_cleanup;
        }

        ggtt->mtrr = arch_phys_wc_add(ggtt->mappable_base, ggtt->mappable_end);

        /*
         * Initialise stolen early so that we may reserve preallocated
         * objects for the BIOS to KMS transition.
         */
        ret = i915_gem_init_stolen(dev_priv);
        if (ret)
                goto out_gtt_cleanup;

        return 0;

out_gtt_cleanup:
        ggtt->base.cleanup(&ggtt->base);
        return ret;
}

int i915_ggtt_enable_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) < 6 && !intel_enable_gtt())
                return -EIO;

        return 0;
}

void i915_ggtt_enable_guc(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
        i915->ggtt.invalidate = guc_ggtt_invalidate;
}

void i915_ggtt_disable_guc(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
        i915->ggtt.invalidate = gen6_ggtt_invalidate;
}

void i915_gem_restore_gtt_mappings(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
        struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
        struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, *on;

        i915_check_and_clear_faults(dev_priv);

        /* First fill our portion of the GTT with scratch pages */
        ggtt->base.clear_range(&ggtt->base, 0, ggtt->base.total);

        ggtt->base.closed = true; /* skip rewriting PTE on VMA unbind */

        /* clflush objects bound into the GGTT and rebind them. */
        list_for_each_entry_safe(obj, on,
                                 &dev_priv->mm.bound_list, global_link) {
                bool ggtt_bound = false;
                struct i915_vma *vma;

                list_for_each_entry(vma, &obj->vma_list, obj_link) {
                        if (vma->vm != &ggtt->base)
                                continue;

                        if (!i915_vma_unbind(vma))
                                continue;

                        WARN_ON(i915_vma_bind(vma, obj->cache_level,
                                              PIN_UPDATE));
                        ggtt_bound = true;
                }

                if (ggtt_bound)
                        WARN_ON(i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(obj, false));
        }

        ggtt->base.closed = false;

        if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 8) {
                if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev_priv) || IS_GEN9_LP(dev_priv))
                        chv_setup_private_ppat(dev_priv);
                else
                        bdw_setup_private_ppat(dev_priv);

                return;
        }

        if (USES_PPGTT(dev_priv)) {
                struct i915_address_space *vm;

                list_for_each_entry(vm, &dev_priv->vm_list, global_link) {
                        struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;

                        if (i915_is_ggtt(vm))
                                ppgtt = dev_priv->mm.aliasing_ppgtt;
                        else
                                ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);

                        gen6_write_page_range(ppgtt, 0, ppgtt->base.total);
                }
        }

        i915_ggtt_invalidate(dev_priv);
}

static struct scatterlist *
rotate_pages(const dma_addr_t *in, unsigned int offset,
             unsigned int width, unsigned int height,
             unsigned int stride,
             struct sg_table *st, struct scatterlist *sg)
{
        unsigned int column, row;
        unsigned int src_idx;

        for (column = 0; column < width; column++) {
                src_idx = stride * (height - 1) + column;
                for (row = 0; row < height; row++) {
                        st->nents++;
                        /* We don't need the pages, but need to initialize
                         * the entries so the sg list can be happily traversed.
                         * The only thing we need are DMA addresses.
                         */
                        sg_set_page(sg, NULL, PAGE_SIZE, 0);
                        sg_dma_address(sg) = in[offset + src_idx];
                        sg_dma_len(sg) = PAGE_SIZE;
                        sg = sg_next(sg);
                        src_idx -= stride;
                }
        }

        return sg;
}

static noinline struct sg_table *
intel_rotate_pages(struct intel_rotation_info *rot_info,
                   struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
        const unsigned long n_pages = obj->base.size / PAGE_SIZE;
        unsigned int size = intel_rotation_info_size(rot_info);
        struct sgt_iter sgt_iter;
        dma_addr_t dma_addr;
        unsigned long i;
        dma_addr_t *page_addr_list;
        struct sg_table *st;
        struct scatterlist *sg;
        int ret = -ENOMEM;

        /* Allocate a temporary list of source pages for random access. */
        page_addr_list = drm_malloc_gfp(n_pages,
                                        sizeof(dma_addr_t),
                                        GFP_TEMPORARY);
        if (!page_addr_list)
                return ERR_PTR(ret);

        /* Allocate target SG list. */
        st = kmalloc(sizeof(*st), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!st)
                goto err_st_alloc;

        ret = sg_alloc_table(st, size, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (ret)
                goto err_sg_alloc;

        /* Populate source page list from the object. */
        i = 0;
        for_each_sgt_dma(dma_addr, sgt_iter, obj->mm.pages)
                page_addr_list[i++] = dma_addr;

        GEM_BUG_ON(i != n_pages);
        st->nents = 0;
        sg = st->sgl;

        for (i = 0 ; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rot_info->plane); i++) {
                sg = rotate_pages(page_addr_list, rot_info->plane[i].offset,
                                  rot_info->plane[i].width, rot_info->plane[i].height,
                                  rot_info->plane[i].stride, st, sg);
        }

        DRM_DEBUG_KMS("Created rotated page mapping for object size %zu (%ux%u tiles, %u pages)\n",
                      obj->base.size, rot_info->plane[0].width, rot_info->plane[0].height, size);

        drm_free_large(page_addr_list);

        return st;

err_sg_alloc:
        kfree(st);
err_st_alloc:
        drm_free_large(page_addr_list);

        DRM_DEBUG_KMS("Failed to create rotated mapping for object size %zu! (%ux%u tiles, %u pages)\n",
                      obj->base.size, rot_info->plane[0].width, rot_info->plane[0].height, size);

        return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

static noinline struct sg_table *
intel_partial_pages(const struct i915_ggtt_view *view,
                    struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
        struct sg_table *st;
        struct scatterlist *sg, *iter;
        unsigned int count = view->partial.size;
        unsigned int offset;
        int ret = -ENOMEM;

        st = kmalloc(sizeof(*st), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!st)
                goto err_st_alloc;

        ret = sg_alloc_table(st, count, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (ret)
                goto err_sg_alloc;

        iter = i915_gem_object_get_sg(obj, view->partial.offset, &offset);
        GEM_BUG_ON(!iter);

        sg = st->sgl;
        st->nents = 0;
        do {
                unsigned int len;

                len = min(iter->length - (offset << PAGE_SHIFT),
                          count << PAGE_SHIFT);
                sg_set_page(sg, NULL, len, 0);
                sg_dma_address(sg) =
                        sg_dma_address(iter) + (offset << PAGE_SHIFT);
                sg_dma_len(sg) = len;

                st->nents++;
                count -= len >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                if (count == 0) {
                        sg_mark_end(sg);
                        return st;
                }

                sg = __sg_next(sg);
                iter = __sg_next(iter);
                offset = 0;
        } while (1);

err_sg_alloc:
        kfree(st);
err_st_alloc:
        return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

static int
i915_get_ggtt_vma_pages(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
        int ret;

        /* The vma->pages are only valid within the lifespan of the borrowed
         * obj->mm.pages. When the obj->mm.pages sg_table is regenerated, so
         * must be the vma->pages. A simple rule is that vma->pages must only
         * be accessed when the obj->mm.pages are pinned.
         */
        GEM_BUG_ON(!i915_gem_object_has_pinned_pages(vma->obj));

        switch (vma->ggtt_view.type) {
        case I915_GGTT_VIEW_NORMAL:
                vma->pages = vma->obj->mm.pages;
                return 0;

        case I915_GGTT_VIEW_ROTATED:
                vma->pages =
                        intel_rotate_pages(&vma->ggtt_view.rotated, vma->obj);
                break;

        case I915_GGTT_VIEW_PARTIAL:
                vma->pages = intel_partial_pages(&vma->ggtt_view, vma->obj);
                break;

        default:
                WARN_ONCE(1, "GGTT view %u not implemented!\n",
                          vma->ggtt_view.type);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        ret = 0;
        if (unlikely(IS_ERR(vma->pages))) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(vma->pages);
                vma->pages = NULL;
                DRM_ERROR("Failed to get pages for VMA view type %u (%d)!\n",
                          vma->ggtt_view.type, ret);
        }
        return ret;
}

/**
 * i915_gem_gtt_reserve - reserve a node in an address_space (GTT)
 * @vm: the &struct i915_address_space
 * @node: the &struct drm_mm_node (typically i915_vma.mode)
 * @size: how much space to allocate inside the GTT,
 *        must be #I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE aligned
 * @offset: where to insert inside the GTT,
 *          must be #I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT aligned, and the node
 *          (@offset + @size) must fit within the address space
 * @color: color to apply to node, if this node is not from a VMA,
 *         color must be #I915_COLOR_UNEVICTABLE
 * @flags: control search and eviction behaviour
 *
 * i915_gem_gtt_reserve() tries to insert the @node at the exact @offset inside
 * the address space (using @size and @color). If the @node does not fit, it
 * tries to evict any overlapping nodes from the GTT, including any
 * neighbouring nodes if the colors do not match (to ensure guard pages between
 * differing domains). See i915_gem_evict_for_node() for the gory details
 * on the eviction algorithm. #PIN_NONBLOCK may used to prevent waiting on
 * evicting active overlapping objects, and any overlapping node that is pinned
 * or marked as unevictable will also result in failure.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, -ENOSPC if no suitable hole is found, -EINTR if
 * asked to wait for eviction and interrupted.
 */
int i915_gem_gtt_reserve(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                         struct drm_mm_node *node,
                         u64 size, u64 offset, unsigned long color,
                         unsigned int flags)
{
        int err;

        GEM_BUG_ON(!size);
        GEM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(size, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE));
        GEM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(offset, I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT));
        GEM_BUG_ON(range_overflows(offset, size, vm->total));
        GEM_BUG_ON(vm == &vm->i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt->base);
        GEM_BUG_ON(drm_mm_node_allocated(node));

        node->size = size;
        node->start = offset;
        node->color = color;

        err = drm_mm_reserve_node(&vm->mm, node);
        if (err != -ENOSPC)
                return err;

        err = i915_gem_evict_for_node(vm, node, flags);
        if (err == 0)
                err = drm_mm_reserve_node(&vm->mm, node);

        return err;
}

static u64 random_offset(u64 start, u64 end, u64 len, u64 align)
{
        u64 range, addr;

        GEM_BUG_ON(range_overflows(start, len, end));
        GEM_BUG_ON(round_up(start, align) > round_down(end - len, align));

        range = round_down(end - len, align) - round_up(start, align);
        if (range) {
                if (sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(u64)) {
                        addr = get_random_long();
                } else {
                        addr = get_random_int();
                        if (range > U32_MAX) {
                                addr <<= 32;
                                addr |= get_random_int();
                        }
                }
                div64_u64_rem(addr, range, &addr);
                start += addr;
        }

        return round_up(start, align);
}

/**
 * i915_gem_gtt_insert - insert a node into an address_space (GTT)
 * @vm: the &struct i915_address_space
 * @node: the &struct drm_mm_node (typically i915_vma.node)
 * @size: how much space to allocate inside the GTT,
 *        must be #I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE aligned
 * @alignment: required alignment of starting offset, may be 0 but
 *             if specified, this must be a power-of-two and at least
 *             #I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT
 * @color: color to apply to node
 * @start: start of any range restriction inside GTT (0 for all),
 *         must be #I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE aligned
 * @end: end of any range restriction inside GTT (U64_MAX for all),
 *       must be #I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE aligned if not U64_MAX
 * @flags: control search and eviction behaviour
 *
 * i915_gem_gtt_insert() first searches for an available hole into which
 * is can insert the node. The hole address is aligned to @alignment and
 * its @size must then fit entirely within the [@start, @end] bounds. The
 * nodes on either side of the hole must match @color, or else a guard page
 * will be inserted between the two nodes (or the node evicted). If no
 * suitable hole is found, first a victim is randomly selected and tested
 * for eviction, otherwise then the LRU list of objects within the GTT
 * is scanned to find the first set of replacement nodes to create the hole.
 * Those old overlapping nodes are evicted from the GTT (and so must be
 * rebound before any future use). Any node that is currently pinned cannot
 * be evicted (see i915_vma_pin()). Similar if the node's VMA is currently
 * active and #PIN_NONBLOCK is specified, that node is also skipped when
 * searching for an eviction candidate. See i915_gem_evict_something() for
 * the gory details on the eviction algorithm.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, -ENOSPC if no suitable hole is found, -EINTR if
 * asked to wait for eviction and interrupted.
 */
int i915_gem_gtt_insert(struct i915_address_space *vm,
                        struct drm_mm_node *node,
                        u64 size, u64 alignment, unsigned long color,
                        u64 start, u64 end, unsigned int flags)
{
        enum drm_mm_insert_mode mode;
        u64 offset;
        int err;

        lockdep_assert_held(&vm->i915->drm.struct_mutex);
        GEM_BUG_ON(!size);
        GEM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(size, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE));
        GEM_BUG_ON(alignment && !is_power_of_2(alignment));
        GEM_BUG_ON(alignment && !IS_ALIGNED(alignment, I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT));
        GEM_BUG_ON(start >= end);
        GEM_BUG_ON(start > 0  && !IS_ALIGNED(start, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE));
        GEM_BUG_ON(end < U64_MAX && !IS_ALIGNED(end, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE));
        GEM_BUG_ON(vm == &vm->i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt->base);
        GEM_BUG_ON(drm_mm_node_allocated(node));

        if (unlikely(range_overflows(start, size, end)))
                return -ENOSPC;

        if (unlikely(round_up(start, alignment) > round_down(end - size, alignment)))
                return -ENOSPC;

        mode = DRM_MM_INSERT_BEST;
        if (flags & PIN_HIGH)
                mode = DRM_MM_INSERT_HIGH;
        if (flags & PIN_MAPPABLE)
                mode = DRM_MM_INSERT_LOW;

        /* We only allocate in PAGE_SIZE/GTT_PAGE_SIZE (4096) chunks,
         * so we know that we always have a minimum alignment of 4096.
         * The drm_mm range manager is optimised to return results
         * with zero alignment, so where possible use the optimal
         * path.
         */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT > I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE);
        if (alignment <= I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT)
                alignment = 0;

        err = drm_mm_insert_node_in_range(&vm->mm, node,
                                          size, alignment, color,
                                          start, end, mode);
        if (err != -ENOSPC)
                return err;

        /* No free space, pick a slot at random.
         *
         * There is a pathological case here using a GTT shared between
         * mmap and GPU (i.e. ggtt/aliasing_ppgtt but not full-ppgtt):
         *
         *    |<-- 256 MiB aperture -->||<-- 1792 MiB unmappable -->|
         *         (64k objects)             (448k objects)
         *
         * Now imagine that the eviction LRU is ordered top-down (just because
         * pathology meets real life), and that we need to evict an object to
         * make room inside the aperture. The eviction scan then has to walk
         * the 448k list before it finds one within range. And now imagine that
         * it has to search for a new hole between every byte inside the memcpy,
         * for several simultaneous clients.
         *
         * On a full-ppgtt system, if we have run out of available space, there
         * will be lots and lots of objects in the eviction list! Again,
         * searching that LRU list may be slow if we are also applying any
         * range restrictions (e.g. restriction to low 4GiB) and so, for
         * simplicity and similarilty between different GTT, try the single
         * random replacement first.
         */
        offset = random_offset(start, end,
                               size, alignment ?: I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT);
        err = i915_gem_gtt_reserve(vm, node, size, offset, color, flags);
        if (err != -ENOSPC)
                return err;

        /* Randomly selected placement is pinned, do a search */
        err = i915_gem_evict_something(vm, size, alignment, color,
                                       start, end, flags);
        if (err)
                return err;

        return drm_mm_insert_node_in_range(&vm->mm, node,
                                           size, alignment, color,
                                           start, end, DRM_MM_INSERT_EVICT);
}

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DRM_I915_SELFTEST)
#include "selftests/mock_gtt.c"
#include "selftests/i915_gem_gtt.c"
#endif