[mirror_ubuntu-zesty-kernel.git] / drivers / md / raid1.c

/*
 * raid1.c : Multiple Devices driver for Linux
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001 Ingo Molnar, Red Hat
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998 Ingo Molnar, Miguel de Icaza, Gadi Oxman
 *
 * RAID-1 management functions.
 *
 * Better read-balancing code written by Mika Kuoppala <miku@iki.fi>, 2000
 *
 * Fixes to reconstruction by Jakob Østergaard" <jakob@ostenfeld.dk>
 * Various fixes by Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
 *
 * Changes by Peter T. Breuer <ptb@it.uc3m.es> 31/1/2003 to support
 * bitmapped intelligence in resync:
 *
 *      - bitmap marked during normal i/o
 *      - bitmap used to skip nondirty blocks during sync
 *
 * Additions to bitmap code, (C) 2003-2004 Paul Clements, SteelEye Technology:
 * - persistent bitmap code
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
 * any later version.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * (for example /usr/src/linux/COPYING); if not, write to the Free
 * Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 */

#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
#include "md.h"
#include "raid1.h"
#include "bitmap.h"

/*
 * Number of guaranteed r1bios in case of extreme VM load:
 */
#define NR_RAID1_BIOS 256

/* when we get a read error on a read-only array, we redirect to another
 * device without failing the first device, or trying to over-write to
 * correct the read error.  To keep track of bad blocks on a per-bio
 * level, we store IO_BLOCKED in the appropriate 'bios' pointer
 */
#define IO_BLOCKED ((struct bio *)1)
/* When we successfully write to a known bad-block, we need to remove the
 * bad-block marking which must be done from process context.  So we record
 * the success by setting devs[n].bio to IO_MADE_GOOD
 */
#define IO_MADE_GOOD ((struct bio *)2)

#define BIO_SPECIAL(bio) ((unsigned long)bio <= 2)

/* When there are this many requests queue to be written by
 * the raid1 thread, we become 'congested' to provide back-pressure
 * for writeback.
 */
static int max_queued_requests = 1024;

static void allow_barrier(struct r1conf *conf, sector_t start_next_window,
                          sector_t bi_sector);
static void lower_barrier(struct r1conf *conf);

static void * r1bio_pool_alloc(gfp_t gfp_flags, void *data)
{
        struct pool_info *pi = data;
        int size = offsetof(struct r1bio, bios[pi->raid_disks]);

        /* allocate a r1bio with room for raid_disks entries in the bios array */
        return kzalloc(size, gfp_flags);
}

static void r1bio_pool_free(void *r1_bio, void *data)
{
        kfree(r1_bio);
}

#define RESYNC_BLOCK_SIZE (64*1024)
#define RESYNC_DEPTH 32
#define RESYNC_SECTORS (RESYNC_BLOCK_SIZE >> 9)
#define RESYNC_PAGES ((RESYNC_BLOCK_SIZE + PAGE_SIZE-1) / PAGE_SIZE)
#define RESYNC_WINDOW (RESYNC_BLOCK_SIZE * RESYNC_DEPTH)
#define RESYNC_WINDOW_SECTORS (RESYNC_WINDOW >> 9)
#define CLUSTER_RESYNC_WINDOW (16 * RESYNC_WINDOW)
#define CLUSTER_RESYNC_WINDOW_SECTORS (CLUSTER_RESYNC_WINDOW >> 9)
#define NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE (3 * RESYNC_WINDOW_SECTORS)

static void * r1buf_pool_alloc(gfp_t gfp_flags, void *data)
{
        struct pool_info *pi = data;
        struct r1bio *r1_bio;
        struct bio *bio;
        int need_pages;
        int i, j;

        r1_bio = r1bio_pool_alloc(gfp_flags, pi);
        if (!r1_bio)
                return NULL;

        /*
         * Allocate bios : 1 for reading, n-1 for writing
         */
        for (j = pi->raid_disks ; j-- ; ) {
                bio = bio_kmalloc(gfp_flags, RESYNC_PAGES);
                if (!bio)
                        goto out_free_bio;
                r1_bio->bios[j] = bio;
        }
        /*
         * Allocate RESYNC_PAGES data pages and attach them to
         * the first bio.
         * If this is a user-requested check/repair, allocate
         * RESYNC_PAGES for each bio.
         */
        if (test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, &pi->mddev->recovery))
                need_pages = pi->raid_disks;
        else
                need_pages = 1;
        for (j = 0; j < need_pages; j++) {
                bio = r1_bio->bios[j];
                bio->bi_vcnt = RESYNC_PAGES;

                if (bio_alloc_pages(bio, gfp_flags))
                        goto out_free_pages;
        }
        /* If not user-requests, copy the page pointers to all bios */
        if (!test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, &pi->mddev->recovery)) {
                for (i=0; i<RESYNC_PAGES ; i++)
                        for (j=1; j<pi->raid_disks; j++)
                                r1_bio->bios[j]->bi_io_vec[i].bv_page =
                                        r1_bio->bios[0]->bi_io_vec[i].bv_page;
        }

        r1_bio->master_bio = NULL;

        return r1_bio;

out_free_pages:
        while (--j >= 0)
                bio_free_pages(r1_bio->bios[j]);

out_free_bio:
        while (++j < pi->raid_disks)
                bio_put(r1_bio->bios[j]);
        r1bio_pool_free(r1_bio, data);
        return NULL;
}

static void r1buf_pool_free(void *__r1_bio, void *data)
{
        struct pool_info *pi = data;
        int i,j;
        struct r1bio *r1bio = __r1_bio;

        for (i = 0; i < RESYNC_PAGES; i++)
                for (j = pi->raid_disks; j-- ;) {
                        if (j == 0 ||
                            r1bio->bios[j]->bi_io_vec[i].bv_page !=
                            r1bio->bios[0]->bi_io_vec[i].bv_page)
                                safe_put_page(r1bio->bios[j]->bi_io_vec[i].bv_page);
                }
        for (i=0 ; i < pi->raid_disks; i++)
                bio_put(r1bio->bios[i]);

        r1bio_pool_free(r1bio, data);
}

static void put_all_bios(struct r1conf *conf, struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks * 2; i++) {
                struct bio **bio = r1_bio->bios + i;
                if (!BIO_SPECIAL(*bio))
                        bio_put(*bio);
                *bio = NULL;
        }
}

static void free_r1bio(struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = r1_bio->mddev->private;

        put_all_bios(conf, r1_bio);
        mempool_free(r1_bio, conf->r1bio_pool);
}

static void put_buf(struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = r1_bio->mddev->private;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks * 2; i++) {
                struct bio *bio = r1_bio->bios[i];
                if (bio->bi_end_io)
                        rdev_dec_pending(conf->mirrors[i].rdev, r1_bio->mddev);
        }

        mempool_free(r1_bio, conf->r1buf_pool);

        lower_barrier(conf);
}

static void reschedule_retry(struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct mddev *mddev = r1_bio->mddev;
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->device_lock, flags);
        list_add(&r1_bio->retry_list, &conf->retry_list);
        conf->nr_queued ++;
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->device_lock, flags);

        wake_up(&conf->wait_barrier);
        md_wakeup_thread(mddev->thread);
}

/*
 * raid_end_bio_io() is called when we have finished servicing a mirrored
 * operation and are ready to return a success/failure code to the buffer
 * cache layer.
 */
static void call_bio_endio(struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        struct bio *bio = r1_bio->master_bio;
        int done;
        struct r1conf *conf = r1_bio->mddev->private;
        sector_t start_next_window = r1_bio->start_next_window;
        sector_t bi_sector = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector;

        if (bio->bi_phys_segments) {
                unsigned long flags;
                spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->device_lock, flags);
                bio->bi_phys_segments--;
                done = (bio->bi_phys_segments == 0);
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->device_lock, flags);
                /*
                 * make_request() might be waiting for
                 * bi_phys_segments to decrease
                 */
                wake_up(&conf->wait_barrier);
        } else
                done = 1;

        if (!test_bit(R1BIO_Uptodate, &r1_bio->state))
                bio->bi_error = -EIO;

        if (done) {
                bio_endio(bio);
                /*
                 * Wake up any possible resync thread that waits for the device
                 * to go idle.
                 */
                allow_barrier(conf, start_next_window, bi_sector);
        }
}

static void raid_end_bio_io(struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        struct bio *bio = r1_bio->master_bio;

        /* if nobody has done the final endio yet, do it now */
        if (!test_and_set_bit(R1BIO_Returned, &r1_bio->state)) {
                pr_debug("raid1: sync end %s on sectors %llu-%llu\n",
                         (bio_data_dir(bio) == WRITE) ? "write" : "read",
                         (unsigned long long) bio->bi_iter.bi_sector,
                         (unsigned long long) bio_end_sector(bio) - 1);

                call_bio_endio(r1_bio);
        }
        free_r1bio(r1_bio);
}

/*
 * Update disk head position estimator based on IRQ completion info.
 */
static inline void update_head_pos(int disk, struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = r1_bio->mddev->private;

        conf->mirrors[disk].head_position =
                r1_bio->sector + (r1_bio->sectors);
}

/*
 * Find the disk number which triggered given bio
 */
static int find_bio_disk(struct r1bio *r1_bio, struct bio *bio)
{
        int mirror;
        struct r1conf *conf = r1_bio->mddev->private;
        int raid_disks = conf->raid_disks;

        for (mirror = 0; mirror < raid_disks * 2; mirror++)
                if (r1_bio->bios[mirror] == bio)
                        break;

        BUG_ON(mirror == raid_disks * 2);
        update_head_pos(mirror, r1_bio);

        return mirror;
}

static void raid1_end_read_request(struct bio *bio)
{
        int uptodate = !bio->bi_error;
        struct r1bio *r1_bio = bio->bi_private;
        struct r1conf *conf = r1_bio->mddev->private;
        struct md_rdev *rdev = conf->mirrors[r1_bio->read_disk].rdev;

        /*
         * this branch is our 'one mirror IO has finished' event handler:
         */
        update_head_pos(r1_bio->read_disk, r1_bio);

        if (uptodate)
                set_bit(R1BIO_Uptodate, &r1_bio->state);
        else {
                /* If all other devices have failed, we want to return
                 * the error upwards rather than fail the last device.
                 * Here we redefine "uptodate" to mean "Don't want to retry"
                 */
                unsigned long flags;
                spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->device_lock, flags);
                if (r1_bio->mddev->degraded == conf->raid_disks ||
                    (r1_bio->mddev->degraded == conf->raid_disks-1 &&
                     test_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags)))
                        uptodate = 1;
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->device_lock, flags);
        }

        if (uptodate) {
                raid_end_bio_io(r1_bio);
                rdev_dec_pending(rdev, conf->mddev);
        } else {
                /*
                 * oops, read error:
                 */
                char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
                printk_ratelimited(
                        KERN_ERR "md/raid1:%s: %s: "
                        "rescheduling sector %llu\n",
                        mdname(conf->mddev),
                        bdevname(rdev->bdev,
                                 b),
                        (unsigned long long)r1_bio->sector);
                set_bit(R1BIO_ReadError, &r1_bio->state);
                reschedule_retry(r1_bio);
                /* don't drop the reference on read_disk yet */
        }
}

static void close_write(struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        /* it really is the end of this request */
        if (test_bit(R1BIO_BehindIO, &r1_bio->state)) {
                /* free extra copy of the data pages */
                int i = r1_bio->behind_page_count;
                while (i--)
                        safe_put_page(r1_bio->behind_bvecs[i].bv_page);
                kfree(r1_bio->behind_bvecs);
                r1_bio->behind_bvecs = NULL;
        }
        /* clear the bitmap if all writes complete successfully */
        bitmap_endwrite(r1_bio->mddev->bitmap, r1_bio->sector,
                        r1_bio->sectors,
                        !test_bit(R1BIO_Degraded, &r1_bio->state),
                        test_bit(R1BIO_BehindIO, &r1_bio->state));
        md_write_end(r1_bio->mddev);
}

static void r1_bio_write_done(struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&r1_bio->remaining))
                return;

        if (test_bit(R1BIO_WriteError, &r1_bio->state))
                reschedule_retry(r1_bio);
        else {
                close_write(r1_bio);
                if (test_bit(R1BIO_MadeGood, &r1_bio->state))
                        reschedule_retry(r1_bio);
                else
                        raid_end_bio_io(r1_bio);
        }
}

static void raid1_end_write_request(struct bio *bio)
{
        struct r1bio *r1_bio = bio->bi_private;
        int behind = test_bit(R1BIO_BehindIO, &r1_bio->state);
        struct r1conf *conf = r1_bio->mddev->private;
        struct bio *to_put = NULL;
        int mirror = find_bio_disk(r1_bio, bio);
        struct md_rdev *rdev = conf->mirrors[mirror].rdev;
        bool discard_error;

        discard_error = bio->bi_error && bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_DISCARD;

        /*
         * 'one mirror IO has finished' event handler:
         */
        if (bio->bi_error && !discard_error) {
                set_bit(WriteErrorSeen, &rdev->flags);
                if (!test_and_set_bit(WantReplacement, &rdev->flags))
                        set_bit(MD_RECOVERY_NEEDED, &
                                conf->mddev->recovery);

                set_bit(R1BIO_WriteError, &r1_bio->state);
        } else {
                /*
                 * Set R1BIO_Uptodate in our master bio, so that we
                 * will return a good error code for to the higher
                 * levels even if IO on some other mirrored buffer
                 * fails.
                 *
                 * The 'master' represents the composite IO operation
                 * to user-side. So if something waits for IO, then it
                 * will wait for the 'master' bio.
                 */
                sector_t first_bad;
                int bad_sectors;

                r1_bio->bios[mirror] = NULL;
                to_put = bio;
                /*
                 * Do not set R1BIO_Uptodate if the current device is
                 * rebuilding or Faulty. This is because we cannot use
                 * such device for properly reading the data back (we could
                 * potentially use it, if the current write would have felt
                 * before rdev->recovery_offset, but for simplicity we don't
                 * check this here.
                 */
                if (test_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags) &&
                    !test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags))
                        set_bit(R1BIO_Uptodate, &r1_bio->state);

                /* Maybe we can clear some bad blocks. */
                if (is_badblock(rdev, r1_bio->sector, r1_bio->sectors,
                                &first_bad, &bad_sectors) && !discard_error) {
                        r1_bio->bios[mirror] = IO_MADE_GOOD;
                        set_bit(R1BIO_MadeGood, &r1_bio->state);
                }
        }

        if (behind) {
                if (test_bit(WriteMostly, &rdev->flags))
                        atomic_dec(&r1_bio->behind_remaining);

                /*
                 * In behind mode, we ACK the master bio once the I/O
                 * has safely reached all non-writemostly
                 * disks. Setting the Returned bit ensures that this
                 * gets done only once -- we don't ever want to return
                 * -EIO here, instead we'll wait
                 */
                if (atomic_read(&r1_bio->behind_remaining) >= (atomic_read(&r1_bio->remaining)-1) &&
                    test_bit(R1BIO_Uptodate, &r1_bio->state)) {
                        /* Maybe we can return now */
                        if (!test_and_set_bit(R1BIO_Returned, &r1_bio->state)) {
                                struct bio *mbio = r1_bio->master_bio;
                                pr_debug("raid1: behind end write sectors"
                                         " %llu-%llu\n",
                                         (unsigned long long) mbio->bi_iter.bi_sector,
                                         (unsigned long long) bio_end_sector(mbio) - 1);
                                call_bio_endio(r1_bio);
                        }
                }
        }
        if (r1_bio->bios[mirror] == NULL)
                rdev_dec_pending(rdev, conf->mddev);

        /*
         * Let's see if all mirrored write operations have finished
         * already.
         */
        r1_bio_write_done(r1_bio);

        if (to_put)
                bio_put(to_put);
}

/*
 * This routine returns the disk from which the requested read should
 * be done. There is a per-array 'next expected sequential IO' sector
 * number - if this matches on the next IO then we use the last disk.
 * There is also a per-disk 'last know head position' sector that is
 * maintained from IRQ contexts, both the normal and the resync IO
 * completion handlers update this position correctly. If there is no
 * perfect sequential match then we pick the disk whose head is closest.
 *
 * If there are 2 mirrors in the same 2 devices, performance degrades
 * because position is mirror, not device based.
 *
 * The rdev for the device selected will have nr_pending incremented.
 */
static int read_balance(struct r1conf *conf, struct r1bio *r1_bio, int *max_sectors)
{
        const sector_t this_sector = r1_bio->sector;
        int sectors;
        int best_good_sectors;
        int best_disk, best_dist_disk, best_pending_disk;
        int has_nonrot_disk;
        int disk;
        sector_t best_dist;
        unsigned int min_pending;
        struct md_rdev *rdev;
        int choose_first;
        int choose_next_idle;

        rcu_read_lock();
        /*
         * Check if we can balance. We can balance on the whole
         * device if no resync is going on, or below the resync window.
         * We take the first readable disk when above the resync window.
         */
 retry:
        sectors = r1_bio->sectors;
        best_disk = -1;
        best_dist_disk = -1;
        best_dist = MaxSector;
        best_pending_disk = -1;
        min_pending = UINT_MAX;
        best_good_sectors = 0;
        has_nonrot_disk = 0;
        choose_next_idle = 0;

        if ((conf->mddev->recovery_cp < this_sector + sectors) ||
            (mddev_is_clustered(conf->mddev) &&
            md_cluster_ops->area_resyncing(conf->mddev, READ, this_sector,
                    this_sector + sectors)))
                choose_first = 1;
        else
                choose_first = 0;

        for (disk = 0 ; disk < conf->raid_disks * 2 ; disk++) {
                sector_t dist;
                sector_t first_bad;
                int bad_sectors;
                unsigned int pending;
                bool nonrot;

                rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->mirrors[disk].rdev);
                if (r1_bio->bios[disk] == IO_BLOCKED
                    || rdev == NULL
                    || test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags))
                        continue;
                if (!test_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags) &&
                    rdev->recovery_offset < this_sector + sectors)
                        continue;
                if (test_bit(WriteMostly, &rdev->flags)) {
                        /* Don't balance among write-mostly, just
                         * use the first as a last resort */
                        if (best_dist_disk < 0) {
                                if (is_badblock(rdev, this_sector, sectors,
                                                &first_bad, &bad_sectors)) {
                                        if (first_bad <= this_sector)
                                                /* Cannot use this */
                                                continue;
                                        best_good_sectors = first_bad - this_sector;
                                } else
                                        best_good_sectors = sectors;
                                best_dist_disk = disk;
                                best_pending_disk = disk;
                        }
                        continue;
                }
                /* This is a reasonable device to use.  It might
                 * even be best.
                 */
                if (is_badblock(rdev, this_sector, sectors,
                                &first_bad, &bad_sectors)) {
                        if (best_dist < MaxSector)
                                /* already have a better device */
                                continue;
                        if (first_bad <= this_sector) {
                                /* cannot read here. If this is the 'primary'
                                 * device, then we must not read beyond
                                 * bad_sectors from another device..
                                 */
                                bad_sectors -= (this_sector - first_bad);
                                if (choose_first && sectors > bad_sectors)
                                        sectors = bad_sectors;
                                if (best_good_sectors > sectors)
                                        best_good_sectors = sectors;

                        } else {
                                sector_t good_sectors = first_bad - this_sector;
                                if (good_sectors > best_good_sectors) {
                                        best_good_sectors = good_sectors;
                                        best_disk = disk;
                                }
                                if (choose_first)
                                        break;
                        }
                        continue;
                } else
                        best_good_sectors = sectors;

                nonrot = blk_queue_nonrot(bdev_get_queue(rdev->bdev));
                has_nonrot_disk |= nonrot;
                pending = atomic_read(&rdev->nr_pending);
                dist = abs(this_sector - conf->mirrors[disk].head_position);
                if (choose_first) {
                        best_disk = disk;
                        break;
                }
                /* Don't change to another disk for sequential reads */
                if (conf->mirrors[disk].next_seq_sect == this_sector
                    || dist == 0) {
                        int opt_iosize = bdev_io_opt(rdev->bdev) >> 9;
                        struct raid1_info *mirror = &conf->mirrors[disk];

                        best_disk = disk;
                        /*
                         * If buffered sequential IO size exceeds optimal
                         * iosize, check if there is idle disk. If yes, choose
                         * the idle disk. read_balance could already choose an
                         * idle disk before noticing it's a sequential IO in
                         * this disk. This doesn't matter because this disk
                         * will idle, next time it will be utilized after the
                         * first disk has IO size exceeds optimal iosize. In
                         * this way, iosize of the first disk will be optimal
                         * iosize at least. iosize of the second disk might be
                         * small, but not a big deal since when the second disk
                         * starts IO, the first disk is likely still busy.
                         */
                        if (nonrot && opt_iosize > 0 &&
                            mirror->seq_start != MaxSector &&
                            mirror->next_seq_sect > opt_iosize &&
                            mirror->next_seq_sect - opt_iosize >=
                            mirror->seq_start) {
                                choose_next_idle = 1;
                                continue;
                        }
                        break;
                }
                /* If device is idle, use it */
                if (pending == 0) {
                        best_disk = disk;
                        break;
                }

                if (choose_next_idle)
                        continue;

                if (min_pending > pending) {
                        min_pending = pending;
                        best_pending_disk = disk;
                }

                if (dist < best_dist) {
                        best_dist = dist;
                        best_dist_disk = disk;
                }
        }

        /*
         * If all disks are rotational, choose the closest disk. If any disk is
         * non-rotational, choose the disk with less pending request even the
         * disk is rotational, which might/might not be optimal for raids with
         * mixed ratation/non-rotational disks depending on workload.
         */
        if (best_disk == -1) {
                if (has_nonrot_disk)
                        best_disk = best_pending_disk;
                else
                        best_disk = best_dist_disk;
        }

        if (best_disk >= 0) {
                rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->mirrors[best_disk].rdev);
                if (!rdev)
                        goto retry;
                atomic_inc(&rdev->nr_pending);
                sectors = best_good_sectors;

                if (conf->mirrors[best_disk].next_seq_sect != this_sector)
                        conf->mirrors[best_disk].seq_start = this_sector;

                conf->mirrors[best_disk].next_seq_sect = this_sector + sectors;
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
        *max_sectors = sectors;

        return best_disk;
}

static int raid1_congested(struct mddev *mddev, int bits)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        int i, ret = 0;

        if ((bits & (1 << WB_async_congested)) &&
            conf->pending_count >= max_queued_requests)
                return 1;

        rcu_read_lock();
        for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks * 2; i++) {
                struct md_rdev *rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->mirrors[i].rdev);
                if (rdev && !test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags)) {
                        struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(rdev->bdev);

                        BUG_ON(!q);

                        /* Note the '|| 1' - when read_balance prefers
                         * non-congested targets, it can be removed
                         */
                        if ((bits & (1 << WB_async_congested)) || 1)
                                ret |= bdi_congested(&q->backing_dev_info, bits);
                        else
                                ret &= bdi_congested(&q->backing_dev_info, bits);
                }
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
        return ret;
}

static void flush_pending_writes(struct r1conf *conf)
{
        /* Any writes that have been queued but are awaiting
         * bitmap updates get flushed here.
         */
        spin_lock_irq(&conf->device_lock);

        if (conf->pending_bio_list.head) {
                struct bio *bio;
                bio = bio_list_get(&conf->pending_bio_list);
                conf->pending_count = 0;
                spin_unlock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
                /* flush any pending bitmap writes to
                 * disk before proceeding w/ I/O */
                bitmap_unplug(conf->mddev->bitmap);
                wake_up(&conf->wait_barrier);

                while (bio) { /* submit pending writes */
                        struct bio *next = bio->bi_next;
                        bio->bi_next = NULL;
                        if (unlikely((bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_DISCARD) &&
                            !blk_queue_discard(bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev))))
                                /* Just ignore it */
                                bio_endio(bio);
                        else
                                generic_make_request(bio);
                        bio = next;
                }
        } else
                spin_unlock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
}

/* Barriers....
 * Sometimes we need to suspend IO while we do something else,
 * either some resync/recovery, or reconfigure the array.
 * To do this we raise a 'barrier'.
 * The 'barrier' is a counter that can be raised multiple times
 * to count how many activities are happening which preclude
 * normal IO.
 * We can only raise the barrier if there is no pending IO.
 * i.e. if nr_pending == 0.
 * We choose only to raise the barrier if no-one is waiting for the
 * barrier to go down.  This means that as soon as an IO request
 * is ready, no other operations which require a barrier will start
 * until the IO request has had a chance.
 *
 * So: regular IO calls 'wait_barrier'.  When that returns there
 *    is no backgroup IO happening,  It must arrange to call
 *    allow_barrier when it has finished its IO.
 * backgroup IO calls must call raise_barrier.  Once that returns
 *    there is no normal IO happeing.  It must arrange to call
 *    lower_barrier when the particular background IO completes.
 */
static void raise_barrier(struct r1conf *conf, sector_t sector_nr)
{
        spin_lock_irq(&conf->resync_lock);

        /* Wait until no block IO is waiting */
        wait_event_lock_irq(conf->wait_barrier, !conf->nr_waiting,
                            conf->resync_lock);

        /* block any new IO from starting */
        conf->barrier++;
        conf->next_resync = sector_nr;

        /* For these conditions we must wait:
         * A: while the array is in frozen state
         * B: while barrier >= RESYNC_DEPTH, meaning resync reach
         *    the max count which allowed.
         * C: next_resync + RESYNC_SECTORS > start_next_window, meaning
         *    next resync will reach to the window which normal bios are
         *    handling.
         * D: while there are any active requests in the current window.
         */
        wait_event_lock_irq(conf->wait_barrier,
                            !conf->array_frozen &&
                            conf->barrier < RESYNC_DEPTH &&
                            conf->current_window_requests == 0 &&
                            (conf->start_next_window >=
                             conf->next_resync + RESYNC_SECTORS),
                            conf->resync_lock);

        conf->nr_pending++;
        spin_unlock_irq(&conf->resync_lock);
}

static void lower_barrier(struct r1conf *conf)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        BUG_ON(conf->barrier <= 0);
        spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->resync_lock, flags);
        conf->barrier--;
        conf->nr_pending--;
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->resync_lock, flags);
        wake_up(&conf->wait_barrier);
}

static bool need_to_wait_for_sync(struct r1conf *conf, struct bio *bio)
{
        bool wait = false;

        if (conf->array_frozen || !bio)
                wait = true;
        else if (conf->barrier && bio_data_dir(bio) == WRITE) {
                if ((conf->mddev->curr_resync_completed
                     >= bio_end_sector(bio)) ||
                    (conf->next_resync + NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE
                     <= bio->bi_iter.bi_sector))
                        wait = false;
                else
                        wait = true;
        }

        return wait;
}

static sector_t wait_barrier(struct r1conf *conf, struct bio *bio)
{
        sector_t sector = 0;

        spin_lock_irq(&conf->resync_lock);
        if (need_to_wait_for_sync(conf, bio)) {
                conf->nr_waiting++;
                /* Wait for the barrier to drop.
                 * However if there are already pending
                 * requests (preventing the barrier from
                 * rising completely), and the
                 * per-process bio queue isn't empty,
                 * then don't wait, as we need to empty
                 * that queue to allow conf->start_next_window
                 * to increase.
                 */
                wait_event_lock_irq(conf->wait_barrier,
                                    !conf->array_frozen &&
                                    (!conf->barrier ||
                                     ((conf->start_next_window <
                                       conf->next_resync + RESYNC_SECTORS) &&
                                      current->bio_list &&
                                      !bio_list_empty(current->bio_list))),
                                    conf->resync_lock);
                conf->nr_waiting--;
        }

        if (bio && bio_data_dir(bio) == WRITE) {
                if (bio->bi_iter.bi_sector >= conf->next_resync) {
                        if (conf->start_next_window == MaxSector)
                                conf->start_next_window =
                                        conf->next_resync +
                                        NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE;

                        if ((conf->start_next_window + NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE)
                            <= bio->bi_iter.bi_sector)
                                conf->next_window_requests++;
                        else
                                conf->current_window_requests++;
                        sector = conf->start_next_window;
                }
        }

        conf->nr_pending++;
        spin_unlock_irq(&conf->resync_lock);
        return sector;
}

static void allow_barrier(struct r1conf *conf, sector_t start_next_window,
                          sector_t bi_sector)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->resync_lock, flags);
        conf->nr_pending--;
        if (start_next_window) {
                if (start_next_window == conf->start_next_window) {
                        if (conf->start_next_window + NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE
                            <= bi_sector)
                                conf->next_window_requests--;
                        else
                                conf->current_window_requests--;
                } else
                        conf->current_window_requests--;

                if (!conf->current_window_requests) {
                        if (conf->next_window_requests) {
                                conf->current_window_requests =
                                        conf->next_window_requests;
                                conf->next_window_requests = 0;
                                conf->start_next_window +=
                                        NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE;
                        } else
                                conf->start_next_window = MaxSector;
                }
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->resync_lock, flags);
        wake_up(&conf->wait_barrier);
}

static void freeze_array(struct r1conf *conf, int extra)
{
        /* stop syncio and normal IO and wait for everything to
         * go quite.
         * We wait until nr_pending match nr_queued+extra
         * This is called in the context of one normal IO request
         * that has failed. Thus any sync request that might be pending
         * will be blocked by nr_pending, and we need to wait for
         * pending IO requests to complete or be queued for re-try.
         * Thus the number queued (nr_queued) plus this request (extra)
         * must match the number of pending IOs (nr_pending) before
         * we continue.
         */
        spin_lock_irq(&conf->resync_lock);
        conf->array_frozen = 1;
        wait_event_lock_irq_cmd(conf->wait_barrier,
                                conf->nr_pending == conf->nr_queued+extra,
                                conf->resync_lock,
                                flush_pending_writes(conf));
        spin_unlock_irq(&conf->resync_lock);
}
static void unfreeze_array(struct r1conf *conf)
{
        /* reverse the effect of the freeze */
        spin_lock_irq(&conf->resync_lock);
        conf->array_frozen = 0;
        wake_up(&conf->wait_barrier);
        spin_unlock_irq(&conf->resync_lock);
}

/* duplicate the data pages for behind I/O
 */
static void alloc_behind_pages(struct bio *bio, struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        int i;
        struct bio_vec *bvec;
        struct bio_vec *bvecs = kzalloc(bio->bi_vcnt * sizeof(struct bio_vec),
                                        GFP_NOIO);
        if (unlikely(!bvecs))
                return;

        bio_for_each_segment_all(bvec, bio, i) {
                bvecs[i] = *bvec;
                bvecs[i].bv_page = alloc_page(GFP_NOIO);
                if (unlikely(!bvecs[i].bv_page))
                        goto do_sync_io;
                memcpy(kmap(bvecs[i].bv_page) + bvec->bv_offset,
                       kmap(bvec->bv_page) + bvec->bv_offset, bvec->bv_len);
                kunmap(bvecs[i].bv_page);
                kunmap(bvec->bv_page);
        }
        r1_bio->behind_bvecs = bvecs;
        r1_bio->behind_page_count = bio->bi_vcnt;
        set_bit(R1BIO_BehindIO, &r1_bio->state);
        return;

do_sync_io:
        for (i = 0; i < bio->bi_vcnt; i++)
                if (bvecs[i].bv_page)
                        put_page(bvecs[i].bv_page);
        kfree(bvecs);
        pr_debug("%dB behind alloc failed, doing sync I/O\n",
                 bio->bi_iter.bi_size);
}

struct raid1_plug_cb {
        struct blk_plug_cb      cb;
        struct bio_list         pending;
        int                     pending_cnt;
};

static void raid1_unplug(struct blk_plug_cb *cb, bool from_schedule)
{
        struct raid1_plug_cb *plug = container_of(cb, struct raid1_plug_cb,
                                                  cb);
        struct mddev *mddev = plug->cb.data;
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        struct bio *bio;

        if (from_schedule || current->bio_list) {
                spin_lock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
                bio_list_merge(&conf->pending_bio_list, &plug->pending);
                conf->pending_count += plug->pending_cnt;
                spin_unlock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
                wake_up(&conf->wait_barrier);
                md_wakeup_thread(mddev->thread);
                kfree(plug);
                return;
        }

        /* we aren't scheduling, so we can do the write-out directly. */
        bio = bio_list_get(&plug->pending);
        bitmap_unplug(mddev->bitmap);
        wake_up(&conf->wait_barrier);

        while (bio) { /* submit pending writes */
                struct bio *next = bio->bi_next;
                bio->bi_next = NULL;
                if (unlikely((bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_DISCARD) &&
                    !blk_queue_discard(bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev))))
                        /* Just ignore it */
                        bio_endio(bio);
                else
                        generic_make_request(bio);
                bio = next;
        }
        kfree(plug);
}

static void raid1_make_request(struct mddev *mddev, struct bio * bio)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        struct raid1_info *mirror;
        struct r1bio *r1_bio;
        struct bio *read_bio;
        int i, disks;
        struct bitmap *bitmap;
        unsigned long flags;
        const int op = bio_op(bio);
        const int rw = bio_data_dir(bio);
        const unsigned long do_sync = (bio->bi_opf & REQ_SYNC);
        const unsigned long do_flush_fua = (bio->bi_opf &
                                                (REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FUA));
        struct md_rdev *blocked_rdev;
        struct blk_plug_cb *cb;
        struct raid1_plug_cb *plug = NULL;
        int first_clone;
        int sectors_handled;
        int max_sectors;
        sector_t start_next_window;

        /*
         * Register the new request and wait if the reconstruction
         * thread has put up a bar for new requests.
         * Continue immediately if no resync is active currently.
         */

        md_write_start(mddev, bio); /* wait on superblock update early */

        if (bio_data_dir(bio) == WRITE &&
            ((bio_end_sector(bio) > mddev->suspend_lo &&
            bio->bi_iter.bi_sector < mddev->suspend_hi) ||
            (mddev_is_clustered(mddev) &&
             md_cluster_ops->area_resyncing(mddev, WRITE,
                     bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, bio_end_sector(bio))))) {
                /* As the suspend_* range is controlled by
                 * userspace, we want an interruptible
                 * wait.
                 */
                DEFINE_WAIT(w);
                for (;;) {
                        flush_signals(current);
                        prepare_to_wait(&conf->wait_barrier,
                                        &w, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                        if (bio_end_sector(bio) <= mddev->suspend_lo ||
                            bio->bi_iter.bi_sector >= mddev->suspend_hi ||
                            (mddev_is_clustered(mddev) &&
                             !md_cluster_ops->area_resyncing(mddev, WRITE,
                                     bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, bio_end_sector(bio))))
                                break;
                        schedule();
                }
                finish_wait(&conf->wait_barrier, &w);
        }

        start_next_window = wait_barrier(conf, bio);

        bitmap = mddev->bitmap;

        /*
         * make_request() can abort the operation when read-ahead is being
         * used and no empty request is available.
         *
         */
        r1_bio = mempool_alloc(conf->r1bio_pool, GFP_NOIO);

        r1_bio->master_bio = bio;
        r1_bio->sectors = bio_sectors(bio);
        r1_bio->state = 0;
        r1_bio->mddev = mddev;
        r1_bio->sector = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector;

        /* We might need to issue multiple reads to different
         * devices if there are bad blocks around, so we keep
         * track of the number of reads in bio->bi_phys_segments.
         * If this is 0, there is only one r1_bio and no locking
         * will be needed when requests complete.  If it is
         * non-zero, then it is the number of not-completed requests.
         */
        bio->bi_phys_segments = 0;
        bio_clear_flag(bio, BIO_SEG_VALID);

        if (rw == READ) {
                /*
                 * read balancing logic:
                 */
                int rdisk;

read_again:
                rdisk = read_balance(conf, r1_bio, &max_sectors);

                if (rdisk < 0) {
                        /* couldn't find anywhere to read from */
                        raid_end_bio_io(r1_bio);
                        return;
                }
                mirror = conf->mirrors + rdisk;

                if (test_bit(WriteMostly, &mirror->rdev->flags) &&
                    bitmap) {
                        /* Reading from a write-mostly device must
                         * take care not to over-take any writes
                         * that are 'behind'
                         */
                        wait_event(bitmap->behind_wait,
                                   atomic_read(&bitmap->behind_writes) == 0);
                }
                r1_bio->read_disk = rdisk;
                r1_bio->start_next_window = 0;

                read_bio = bio_clone_mddev(bio, GFP_NOIO, mddev);
                bio_trim(read_bio, r1_bio->sector - bio->bi_iter.bi_sector,
                         max_sectors);

                r1_bio->bios[rdisk] = read_bio;

                read_bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = r1_bio->sector +
                        mirror->rdev->data_offset;
                read_bio->bi_bdev = mirror->rdev->bdev;
                read_bio->bi_end_io = raid1_end_read_request;
                bio_set_op_attrs(read_bio, op, do_sync);
                read_bio->bi_private = r1_bio;

                if (max_sectors < r1_bio->sectors) {
                        /* could not read all from this device, so we will
                         * need another r1_bio.
                         */

                        sectors_handled = (r1_bio->sector + max_sectors
                                           - bio->bi_iter.bi_sector);
                        r1_bio->sectors = max_sectors;
                        spin_lock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
                        if (bio->bi_phys_segments == 0)
                                bio->bi_phys_segments = 2;
                        else
                                bio->bi_phys_segments++;
                        spin_unlock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
                        /* Cannot call generic_make_request directly
                         * as that will be queued in __make_request
                         * and subsequent mempool_alloc might block waiting
                         * for it.  So hand bio over to raid1d.
                         */
                        reschedule_retry(r1_bio);

                        r1_bio = mempool_alloc(conf->r1bio_pool, GFP_NOIO);

                        r1_bio->master_bio = bio;
                        r1_bio->sectors = bio_sectors(bio) - sectors_handled;
                        r1_bio->state = 0;
                        r1_bio->mddev = mddev;
                        r1_bio->sector = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector +
                                sectors_handled;
                        goto read_again;
                } else
                        generic_make_request(read_bio);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * WRITE:
         */
        if (conf->pending_count >= max_queued_requests) {
                md_wakeup_thread(mddev->thread);
                wait_event(conf->wait_barrier,
                           conf->pending_count < max_queued_requests);
        }
        /* first select target devices under rcu_lock and
         * inc refcount on their rdev.  Record them by setting
         * bios[x] to bio
         * If there are known/acknowledged bad blocks on any device on
         * which we have seen a write error, we want to avoid writing those
         * blocks.
         * This potentially requires several writes to write around
         * the bad blocks.  Each set of writes gets it's own r1bio
         * with a set of bios attached.
         */

        disks = conf->raid_disks * 2;
 retry_write:
        r1_bio->start_next_window = start_next_window;
        blocked_rdev = NULL;
        rcu_read_lock();
        max_sectors = r1_bio->sectors;
        for (i = 0;  i < disks; i++) {
                struct md_rdev *rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->mirrors[i].rdev);
                if (rdev && unlikely(test_bit(Blocked, &rdev->flags))) {
                        atomic_inc(&rdev->nr_pending);
                        blocked_rdev = rdev;
                        break;
                }
                r1_bio->bios[i] = NULL;
                if (!rdev || test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags)) {
                        if (i < conf->raid_disks)
                                set_bit(R1BIO_Degraded, &r1_bio->state);
                        continue;
                }

                atomic_inc(&rdev->nr_pending);
                if (test_bit(WriteErrorSeen, &rdev->flags)) {
                        sector_t first_bad;
                        int bad_sectors;
                        int is_bad;

                        is_bad = is_badblock(rdev, r1_bio->sector,
                                             max_sectors,
                                             &first_bad, &bad_sectors);
                        if (is_bad < 0) {
                                /* mustn't write here until the bad block is
                                 * acknowledged*/
                                set_bit(BlockedBadBlocks, &rdev->flags);
                                blocked_rdev = rdev;
                                break;
                        }
                        if (is_bad && first_bad <= r1_bio->sector) {
                                /* Cannot write here at all */
                                bad_sectors -= (r1_bio->sector - first_bad);
                                if (bad_sectors < max_sectors)
                                        /* mustn't write more than bad_sectors
                                         * to other devices yet
                                         */
                                        max_sectors = bad_sectors;
                                rdev_dec_pending(rdev, mddev);
                                /* We don't set R1BIO_Degraded as that
                                 * only applies if the disk is
                                 * missing, so it might be re-added,
                                 * and we want to know to recover this
                                 * chunk.
                                 * In this case the device is here,
                                 * and the fact that this chunk is not
                                 * in-sync is recorded in the bad
                                 * block log
                                 */
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (is_bad) {
                                int good_sectors = first_bad - r1_bio->sector;
                                if (good_sectors < max_sectors)
                                        max_sectors = good_sectors;
                        }
                }
                r1_bio->bios[i] = bio;
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        if (unlikely(blocked_rdev)) {
                /* Wait for this device to become unblocked */
                int j;
                sector_t old = start_next_window;

                for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
                        if (r1_bio->bios[j])
                                rdev_dec_pending(conf->mirrors[j].rdev, mddev);
                r1_bio->state = 0;
                allow_barrier(conf, start_next_window, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector);
                md_wait_for_blocked_rdev(blocked_rdev, mddev);
                start_next_window = wait_barrier(conf, bio);
                /*
                 * We must make sure the multi r1bios of bio have
                 * the same value of bi_phys_segments
                 */
                if (bio->bi_phys_segments && old &&
                    old != start_next_window)
                        /* Wait for the former r1bio(s) to complete */
                        wait_event(conf->wait_barrier,
                                   bio->bi_phys_segments == 1);
                goto retry_write;
        }

        if (max_sectors < r1_bio->sectors) {
                /* We are splitting this write into multiple parts, so
                 * we need to prepare for allocating another r1_bio.
                 */
                r1_bio->sectors = max_sectors;
                spin_lock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
                if (bio->bi_phys_segments == 0)
                        bio->bi_phys_segments = 2;
                else
                        bio->bi_phys_segments++;
                spin_unlock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
        }
        sectors_handled = r1_bio->sector + max_sectors - bio->bi_iter.bi_sector;

        atomic_set(&r1_bio->remaining, 1);
        atomic_set(&r1_bio->behind_remaining, 0);

        first_clone = 1;
        for (i = 0; i < disks; i++) {
                struct bio *mbio;
                if (!r1_bio->bios[i])
                        continue;

                mbio = bio_clone_mddev(bio, GFP_NOIO, mddev);
                bio_trim(mbio, r1_bio->sector - bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, max_sectors);

                if (first_clone) {
                        /* do behind I/O ?
                         * Not if there are too many, or cannot
                         * allocate memory, or a reader on WriteMostly
                         * is waiting for behind writes to flush */
                        if (bitmap &&
                            (atomic_read(&bitmap->behind_writes)
                             < mddev->bitmap_info.max_write_behind) &&
                            !waitqueue_active(&bitmap->behind_wait))
                                alloc_behind_pages(mbio, r1_bio);

                        bitmap_startwrite(bitmap, r1_bio->sector,
                                          r1_bio->sectors,
                                          test_bit(R1BIO_BehindIO,
                                                   &r1_bio->state));
                        first_clone = 0;
                }
                if (r1_bio->behind_bvecs) {
                        struct bio_vec *bvec;
                        int j;

                        /*
                         * We trimmed the bio, so _all is legit
                         */
                        bio_for_each_segment_all(bvec, mbio, j)
                                bvec->bv_page = r1_bio->behind_bvecs[j].bv_page;
                        if (test_bit(WriteMostly, &conf->mirrors[i].rdev->flags))
                                atomic_inc(&r1_bio->behind_remaining);
                }

                r1_bio->bios[i] = mbio;

                mbio->bi_iter.bi_sector = (r1_bio->sector +
                                   conf->mirrors[i].rdev->data_offset);
                mbio->bi_bdev = conf->mirrors[i].rdev->bdev;
                mbio->bi_end_io = raid1_end_write_request;
                bio_set_op_attrs(mbio, op, do_flush_fua | do_sync);
                mbio->bi_private = r1_bio;

                atomic_inc(&r1_bio->remaining);

                cb = blk_check_plugged(raid1_unplug, mddev, sizeof(*plug));
                if (cb)
                        plug = container_of(cb, struct raid1_plug_cb, cb);
                else
                        plug = NULL;
                spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->device_lock, flags);
                if (plug) {
                        bio_list_add(&plug->pending, mbio);
                        plug->pending_cnt++;
                } else {
                        bio_list_add(&conf->pending_bio_list, mbio);
                        conf->pending_count++;
                }
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->device_lock, flags);
                if (!plug)
                        md_wakeup_thread(mddev->thread);
        }
        /* Mustn't call r1_bio_write_done before this next test,
         * as it could result in the bio being freed.
         */
        if (sectors_handled < bio_sectors(bio)) {
                r1_bio_write_done(r1_bio);
                /* We need another r1_bio.  It has already been counted
                 * in bio->bi_phys_segments
                 */
                r1_bio = mempool_alloc(conf->r1bio_pool, GFP_NOIO);
                r1_bio->master_bio = bio;
                r1_bio->sectors = bio_sectors(bio) - sectors_handled;
                r1_bio->state = 0;
                r1_bio->mddev = mddev;
                r1_bio->sector = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector + sectors_handled;
                goto retry_write;
        }

        r1_bio_write_done(r1_bio);

        /* In case raid1d snuck in to freeze_array */
        wake_up(&conf->wait_barrier);
}

static void raid1_status(struct seq_file *seq, struct mddev *mddev)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        int i;

        seq_printf(seq, " [%d/%d] [", conf->raid_disks,
                   conf->raid_disks - mddev->degraded);
        rcu_read_lock();
        for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks; i++) {
                struct md_rdev *rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->mirrors[i].rdev);
                seq_printf(seq, "%s",
                           rdev && test_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags) ? "U" : "_");
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
        seq_printf(seq, "]");
}

static void raid1_error(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev)
{
        char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        unsigned long flags;

        /*
         * If it is not operational, then we have already marked it as dead
         * else if it is the last working disks, ignore the error, let the
         * next level up know.
         * else mark the drive as failed
         */
        if (test_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags)
            && (conf->raid_disks - mddev->degraded) == 1) {
                /*
                 * Don't fail the drive, act as though we were just a
                 * normal single drive.
                 * However don't try a recovery from this drive as
                 * it is very likely to fail.
                 */
                conf->recovery_disabled = mddev->recovery_disabled;
                return;
        }
        set_bit(Blocked, &rdev->flags);
        spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->device_lock, flags);
        if (test_and_clear_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags)) {
                mddev->degraded++;
                set_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags);
        } else
                set_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags);
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->device_lock, flags);
        /*
         * if recovery is running, make sure it aborts.
         */
        set_bit(MD_RECOVERY_INTR, &mddev->recovery);
        set_mask_bits(&mddev->flags, 0,
                      BIT(MD_CHANGE_DEVS) | BIT(MD_CHANGE_PENDING));
        printk(KERN_ALERT
               "md/raid1:%s: Disk failure on %s, disabling device.\n"
               "md/raid1:%s: Operation continuing on %d devices.\n",
               mdname(mddev), bdevname(rdev->bdev, b),
               mdname(mddev), conf->raid_disks - mddev->degraded);
}

static void print_conf(struct r1conf *conf)
{
        int i;

        printk(KERN_DEBUG "RAID1 conf printout:\n");
        if (!conf) {
                printk(KERN_DEBUG "(!conf)\n");
                return;
        }
        printk(KERN_DEBUG " --- wd:%d rd:%d\n", conf->raid_disks - conf->mddev->degraded,
                conf->raid_disks);

        rcu_read_lock();
        for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks; i++) {
                char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
                struct md_rdev *rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->mirrors[i].rdev);
                if (rdev)
                        printk(KERN_DEBUG " disk %d, wo:%d, o:%d, dev:%s\n",
                               i, !test_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags),
                               !test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags),
                               bdevname(rdev->bdev,b));
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
}

static void close_sync(struct r1conf *conf)
{
        wait_barrier(conf, NULL);
        allow_barrier(conf, 0, 0);

        mempool_destroy(conf->r1buf_pool);
        conf->r1buf_pool = NULL;

        spin_lock_irq(&conf->resync_lock);
        conf->next_resync = MaxSector - 2 * NEXT_NORMALIO_DISTANCE;
        conf->start_next_window = MaxSector;
        conf->current_window_requests +=
                conf->next_window_requests;
        conf->next_window_requests = 0;
        spin_unlock_irq(&conf->resync_lock);
}

static int raid1_spare_active(struct mddev *mddev)
{
        int i;
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        int count = 0;
        unsigned long flags;

        /*
         * Find all failed disks within the RAID1 configuration
         * and mark them readable.
         * Called under mddev lock, so rcu protection not needed.
         * device_lock used to avoid races with raid1_end_read_request
         * which expects 'In_sync' flags and ->degraded to be consistent.
         */
        spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->device_lock, flags);
        for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks; i++) {
                struct md_rdev *rdev = conf->mirrors[i].rdev;
                struct md_rdev *repl = conf->mirrors[conf->raid_disks + i].rdev;
                if (repl
                    && !test_bit(Candidate, &repl->flags)
                    && repl->recovery_offset == MaxSector
                    && !test_bit(Faulty, &repl->flags)
                    && !test_and_set_bit(In_sync, &repl->flags)) {
                        /* replacement has just become active */
                        if (!rdev ||
                            !test_and_clear_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags))
                                count++;
                        if (rdev) {
                                /* Replaced device not technically
                                 * faulty, but we need to be sure
                                 * it gets removed and never re-added
                                 */
                                set_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags);
                                sysfs_notify_dirent_safe(
                                        rdev->sysfs_state);
                        }
                }
                if (rdev
                    && rdev->recovery_offset == MaxSector
                    && !test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags)
                    && !test_and_set_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags)) {
                        count++;
                        sysfs_notify_dirent_safe(rdev->sysfs_state);
                }
        }
        mddev->degraded -= count;
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->device_lock, flags);

        print_conf(conf);
        return count;
}

static int raid1_add_disk(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        int err = -EEXIST;
        int mirror = 0;
        struct raid1_info *p;
        int first = 0;
        int last = conf->raid_disks - 1;

        if (mddev->recovery_disabled == conf->recovery_disabled)
                return -EBUSY;

        if (md_integrity_add_rdev(rdev, mddev))
                return -ENXIO;

        if (rdev->raid_disk >= 0)
                first = last = rdev->raid_disk;

        /*
         * find the disk ... but prefer rdev->saved_raid_disk
         * if possible.
         */
        if (rdev->saved_raid_disk >= 0 &&
            rdev->saved_raid_disk >= first &&
            conf->mirrors[rdev->saved_raid_disk].rdev == NULL)
                first = last = rdev->saved_raid_disk;

        for (mirror = first; mirror <= last; mirror++) {
                p = conf->mirrors+mirror;
                if (!p->rdev) {

                        if (mddev->gendisk)
                                disk_stack_limits(mddev->gendisk, rdev->bdev,
                                                  rdev->data_offset << 9);

                        p->head_position = 0;
                        rdev->raid_disk = mirror;
                        err = 0;
                        /* As all devices are equivalent, we don't need a full recovery
                         * if this was recently any drive of the array
                         */
                        if (rdev->saved_raid_disk < 0)
                                conf->fullsync = 1;
                        rcu_assign_pointer(p->rdev, rdev);
                        break;
                }
                if (test_bit(WantReplacement, &p->rdev->flags) &&
                    p[conf->raid_disks].rdev == NULL) {
                        /* Add this device as a replacement */
                        clear_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags);
                        set_bit(Replacement, &rdev->flags);
                        rdev->raid_disk = mirror;
                        err = 0;
                        conf->fullsync = 1;
                        rcu_assign_pointer(p[conf->raid_disks].rdev, rdev);
                        break;
                }
        }
        if (mddev->queue && blk_queue_discard(bdev_get_queue(rdev->bdev)))
                queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_DISCARD, mddev->queue);
        print_conf(conf);
        return err;
}

static int raid1_remove_disk(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        int err = 0;
        int number = rdev->raid_disk;
        struct raid1_info *p = conf->mirrors + number;

        if (rdev != p->rdev)
                p = conf->mirrors + conf->raid_disks + number;

        print_conf(conf);
        if (rdev == p->rdev) {
                if (test_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags) ||
                    atomic_read(&rdev->nr_pending)) {
                        err = -EBUSY;
                        goto abort;
                }
                /* Only remove non-faulty devices if recovery
                 * is not possible.
                 */
                if (!test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags) &&
                    mddev->recovery_disabled != conf->recovery_disabled &&
                    mddev->degraded < conf->raid_disks) {
                        err = -EBUSY;
                        goto abort;
                }
                p->rdev = NULL;
                if (!test_bit(RemoveSynchronized, &rdev->flags)) {
                        synchronize_rcu();
                        if (atomic_read(&rdev->nr_pending)) {
                                /* lost the race, try later */
                                err = -EBUSY;
                                p->rdev = rdev;
                                goto abort;
                        }
                }
                if (conf->mirrors[conf->raid_disks + number].rdev) {
                        /* We just removed a device that is being replaced.
                         * Move down the replacement.  We drain all IO before
                         * doing this to avoid confusion.
                         */
                        struct md_rdev *repl =
                                conf->mirrors[conf->raid_disks + number].rdev;
                        freeze_array(conf, 0);
                        clear_bit(Replacement, &repl->flags);
                        p->rdev = repl;
                        conf->mirrors[conf->raid_disks + number].rdev = NULL;
                        unfreeze_array(conf);
                        clear_bit(WantReplacement, &rdev->flags);
                } else
                        clear_bit(WantReplacement, &rdev->flags);
                err = md_integrity_register(mddev);
        }
abort:

        print_conf(conf);
        return err;
}

static void end_sync_read(struct bio *bio)
{
        struct r1bio *r1_bio = bio->bi_private;

        update_head_pos(r1_bio->read_disk, r1_bio);

        /*
         * we have read a block, now it needs to be re-written,
         * or re-read if the read failed.
         * We don't do much here, just schedule handling by raid1d
         */
        if (!bio->bi_error)
                set_bit(R1BIO_Uptodate, &r1_bio->state);

        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&r1_bio->remaining))
                reschedule_retry(r1_bio);
}

static void end_sync_write(struct bio *bio)
{
        int uptodate = !bio->bi_error;
        struct r1bio *r1_bio = bio->bi_private;
        struct mddev *mddev = r1_bio->mddev;
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        sector_t first_bad;
        int bad_sectors;
        struct md_rdev *rdev = conf->mirrors[find_bio_disk(r1_bio, bio)].rdev;

        if (!uptodate) {
                sector_t sync_blocks = 0;
                sector_t s = r1_bio->sector;
                long sectors_to_go = r1_bio->sectors;
                /* make sure these bits doesn't get cleared. */
                do {
                        bitmap_end_sync(mddev->bitmap, s,
                                        &sync_blocks, 1);
                        s += sync_blocks;
                        sectors_to_go -= sync_blocks;
                } while (sectors_to_go > 0);
                set_bit(WriteErrorSeen, &rdev->flags);
                if (!test_and_set_bit(WantReplacement, &rdev->flags))
                        set_bit(MD_RECOVERY_NEEDED, &
                                mddev->recovery);
                set_bit(R1BIO_WriteError, &r1_bio->state);
        } else if (is_badblock(rdev, r1_bio->sector, r1_bio->sectors,
                               &first_bad, &bad_sectors) &&
                   !is_badblock(conf->mirrors[r1_bio->read_disk].rdev,
                                r1_bio->sector,
                                r1_bio->sectors,
                                &first_bad, &bad_sectors)
                )
                set_bit(R1BIO_MadeGood, &r1_bio->state);

        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&r1_bio->remaining)) {
                int s = r1_bio->sectors;
                if (test_bit(R1BIO_MadeGood, &r1_bio->state) ||
                    test_bit(R1BIO_WriteError, &r1_bio->state))
                        reschedule_retry(r1_bio);
                else {
                        put_buf(r1_bio);
                        md_done_sync(mddev, s, uptodate);
                }
        }
}

static int r1_sync_page_io(struct md_rdev *rdev, sector_t sector,
                            int sectors, struct page *page, int rw)
{
        if (sync_page_io(rdev, sector, sectors << 9, page, rw, 0, false))
                /* success */
                return 1;
        if (rw == WRITE) {
                set_bit(WriteErrorSeen, &rdev->flags);
                if (!test_and_set_bit(WantReplacement,
                                      &rdev->flags))
                        set_bit(MD_RECOVERY_NEEDED, &
                                rdev->mddev->recovery);
        }
        /* need to record an error - either for the block or the device */
        if (!rdev_set_badblocks(rdev, sector, sectors, 0))
                md_error(rdev->mddev, rdev);
        return 0;
}

static int fix_sync_read_error(struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        /* Try some synchronous reads of other devices to get
         * good data, much like with normal read errors.  Only
         * read into the pages we already have so we don't
         * need to re-issue the read request.
         * We don't need to freeze the array, because being in an
         * active sync request, there is no normal IO, and
         * no overlapping syncs.
         * We don't need to check is_badblock() again as we
         * made sure that anything with a bad block in range
         * will have bi_end_io clear.
         */
        struct mddev *mddev = r1_bio->mddev;
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        struct bio *bio = r1_bio->bios[r1_bio->read_disk];
        sector_t sect = r1_bio->sector;
        int sectors = r1_bio->sectors;
        int idx = 0;

        while(sectors) {
                int s = sectors;
                int d = r1_bio->read_disk;
                int success = 0;
                struct md_rdev *rdev;
                int start;

                if (s > (PAGE_SIZE>>9))
                        s = PAGE_SIZE >> 9;
                do {
                        if (r1_bio->bios[d]->bi_end_io == end_sync_read) {
                                /* No rcu protection needed here devices
                                 * can only be removed when no resync is
                                 * active, and resync is currently active
                                 */
                                rdev = conf->mirrors[d].rdev;
                                if (sync_page_io(rdev, sect, s<<9,
                                                 bio->bi_io_vec[idx].bv_page,
                                                 REQ_OP_READ, 0, false)) {
                                        success = 1;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        d++;
                        if (d == conf->raid_disks * 2)
                                d = 0;
                } while (!success && d != r1_bio->read_disk);

                if (!success) {
                        char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
                        int abort = 0;
                        /* Cannot read from anywhere, this block is lost.
                         * Record a bad block on each device.  If that doesn't
                         * work just disable and interrupt the recovery.
                         * Don't fail devices as that won't really help.
                         */
                        printk(KERN_ALERT "md/raid1:%s: %s: unrecoverable I/O read error"
                               " for block %llu\n",
                               mdname(mddev),
                               bdevname(bio->bi_bdev, b),
                               (unsigned long long)r1_bio->sector);
                        for (d = 0; d < conf->raid_disks * 2; d++) {
                                rdev = conf->mirrors[d].rdev;
                                if (!rdev || test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags))
                                        continue;
                                if (!rdev_set_badblocks(rdev, sect, s, 0))
                                        abort = 1;
                        }
                        if (abort) {
                                conf->recovery_disabled =
                                        mddev->recovery_disabled;
                                set_bit(MD_RECOVERY_INTR, &mddev->recovery);
                                md_done_sync(mddev, r1_bio->sectors, 0);
                                put_buf(r1_bio);
                                return 0;
                        }
                        /* Try next page */
                        sectors -= s;
                        sect += s;
                        idx++;
                        continue;
                }

                start = d;
                /* write it back and re-read */
                while (d != r1_bio->read_disk) {
                        if (d == 0)
                                d = conf->raid_disks * 2;
                        d--;
                        if (r1_bio->bios[d]->bi_end_io != end_sync_read)
                                continue;
                        rdev = conf->mirrors[d].rdev;
                        if (r1_sync_page_io(rdev, sect, s,
                                            bio->bi_io_vec[idx].bv_page,
                                            WRITE) == 0) {
                                r1_bio->bios[d]->bi_end_io = NULL;
                                rdev_dec_pending(rdev, mddev);
                        }
                }
                d = start;
                while (d != r1_bio->read_disk) {
                        if (d == 0)
                                d = conf->raid_disks * 2;
                        d--;
                        if (r1_bio->bios[d]->bi_end_io != end_sync_read)
                                continue;
                        rdev = conf->mirrors[d].rdev;
                        if (r1_sync_page_io(rdev, sect, s,
                                            bio->bi_io_vec[idx].bv_page,
                                            READ) != 0)
                                atomic_add(s, &rdev->corrected_errors);
                }
                sectors -= s;
                sect += s;
                idx ++;
        }
        set_bit(R1BIO_Uptodate, &r1_bio->state);
        bio->bi_error = 0;
        return 1;
}

static void process_checks(struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        /* We have read all readable devices.  If we haven't
         * got the block, then there is no hope left.
         * If we have, then we want to do a comparison
         * and skip the write if everything is the same.
         * If any blocks failed to read, then we need to
         * attempt an over-write
         */
        struct mddev *mddev = r1_bio->mddev;
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        int primary;
        int i;
        int vcnt;

        /* Fix variable parts of all bios */
        vcnt = (r1_bio->sectors + PAGE_SIZE / 512 - 1) >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 9);
        for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks * 2; i++) {
                int j;
                int size;
                int error;
                struct bio *b = r1_bio->bios[i];
                if (b->bi_end_io != end_sync_read)
                        continue;
                /* fixup the bio for reuse, but preserve errno */
                error = b->bi_error;
                bio_reset(b);
                b->bi_error = error;
                b->bi_vcnt = vcnt;
                b->bi_iter.bi_size = r1_bio->sectors << 9;
                b->bi_iter.bi_sector = r1_bio->sector +
                        conf->mirrors[i].rdev->data_offset;
                b->bi_bdev = conf->mirrors[i].rdev->bdev;
                b->bi_end_io = end_sync_read;
                b->bi_private = r1_bio;

                size = b->bi_iter.bi_size;
                for (j = 0; j < vcnt ; j++) {
                        struct bio_vec *bi;
                        bi = &b->bi_io_vec[j];
                        bi->bv_offset = 0;
                        if (size > PAGE_SIZE)
                                bi->bv_len = PAGE_SIZE;
                        else
                                bi->bv_len = size;
                        size -= PAGE_SIZE;
                }
        }
        for (primary = 0; primary < conf->raid_disks * 2; primary++)
                if (r1_bio->bios[primary]->bi_end_io == end_sync_read &&
                    !r1_bio->bios[primary]->bi_error) {
                        r1_bio->bios[primary]->bi_end_io = NULL;
                        rdev_dec_pending(conf->mirrors[primary].rdev, mddev);
                        break;
                }
        r1_bio->read_disk = primary;
        for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks * 2; i++) {
                int j;
                struct bio *pbio = r1_bio->bios[primary];
                struct bio *sbio = r1_bio->bios[i];
                int error = sbio->bi_error;

                if (sbio->bi_end_io != end_sync_read)
                        continue;
                /* Now we can 'fixup' the error value */
                sbio->bi_error = 0;

                if (!error) {
                        for (j = vcnt; j-- ; ) {
                                struct page *p, *s;
                                p = pbio->bi_io_vec[j].bv_page;
                                s = sbio->bi_io_vec[j].bv_page;
                                if (memcmp(page_address(p),
                                           page_address(s),
                                           sbio->bi_io_vec[j].bv_len))
                                        break;
                        }
                } else
                        j = 0;
                if (j >= 0)
                        atomic64_add(r1_bio->sectors, &mddev->resync_mismatches);
                if (j < 0 || (test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_CHECK, &mddev->recovery)
                              && !error)) {
                        /* No need to write to this device. */
                        sbio->bi_end_io = NULL;
                        rdev_dec_pending(conf->mirrors[i].rdev, mddev);
                        continue;
                }

                bio_copy_data(sbio, pbio);
        }
}

static void sync_request_write(struct mddev *mddev, struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        int i;
        int disks = conf->raid_disks * 2;
        struct bio *bio, *wbio;

        bio = r1_bio->bios[r1_bio->read_disk];

        if (!test_bit(R1BIO_Uptodate, &r1_bio->state))
                /* ouch - failed to read all of that. */
                if (!fix_sync_read_error(r1_bio))
                        return;

        if (test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, &mddev->recovery))
                process_checks(r1_bio);

        /*
         * schedule writes
         */
        atomic_set(&r1_bio->remaining, 1);
        for (i = 0; i < disks ; i++) {
                wbio = r1_bio->bios[i];
                if (wbio->bi_end_io == NULL ||
                    (wbio->bi_end_io == end_sync_read &&
                     (i == r1_bio->read_disk ||
                      !test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_SYNC, &mddev->recovery))))
                        continue;

                bio_set_op_attrs(wbio, REQ_OP_WRITE, 0);
                wbio->bi_end_io = end_sync_write;
                atomic_inc(&r1_bio->remaining);
                md_sync_acct(conf->mirrors[i].rdev->bdev, bio_sectors(wbio));

                generic_make_request(wbio);
        }

        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&r1_bio->remaining)) {
                /* if we're here, all write(s) have completed, so clean up */
                int s = r1_bio->sectors;
                if (test_bit(R1BIO_MadeGood, &r1_bio->state) ||
                    test_bit(R1BIO_WriteError, &r1_bio->state))
                        reschedule_retry(r1_bio);
                else {
                        put_buf(r1_bio);
                        md_done_sync(mddev, s, 1);
                }
        }
}

/*
 * This is a kernel thread which:
 *
 *      1.      Retries failed read operations on working mirrors.
 *      2.      Updates the raid superblock when problems encounter.
 *      3.      Performs writes following reads for array synchronising.
 */

static void fix_read_error(struct r1conf *conf, int read_disk,
                           sector_t sect, int sectors)
{
        struct mddev *mddev = conf->mddev;
        while(sectors) {
                int s = sectors;
                int d = read_disk;
                int success = 0;
                int start;
                struct md_rdev *rdev;

                if (s > (PAGE_SIZE>>9))
                        s = PAGE_SIZE >> 9;

                do {
                        sector_t first_bad;
                        int bad_sectors;

                        rcu_read_lock();
                        rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->mirrors[d].rdev);
                        if (rdev &&
                            (test_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags) ||
                             (!test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags) &&
                              rdev->recovery_offset >= sect + s)) &&
                            is_badblock(rdev, sect, s,
                                        &first_bad, &bad_sectors) == 0) {
                                atomic_inc(&rdev->nr_pending);
                                rcu_read_unlock();
                                if (sync_page_io(rdev, sect, s<<9,
                                         conf->tmppage, REQ_OP_READ, 0, false))
                                        success = 1;
                                rdev_dec_pending(rdev, mddev);
                                if (success)
                                        break;
                        } else
                                rcu_read_unlock();
                        d++;
                        if (d == conf->raid_disks * 2)
                                d = 0;
                } while (!success && d != read_disk);

                if (!success) {
                        /* Cannot read from anywhere - mark it bad */
                        struct md_rdev *rdev = conf->mirrors[read_disk].rdev;
                        if (!rdev_set_badblocks(rdev, sect, s, 0))
                                md_error(mddev, rdev);
                        break;
                }
                /* write it back and re-read */
                start = d;
                while (d != read_disk) {
                        if (d==0)
                                d = conf->raid_disks * 2;
                        d--;
                        rcu_read_lock();
                        rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->mirrors[d].rdev);
                        if (rdev &&
                            !test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags)) {
                                atomic_inc(&rdev->nr_pending);
                                rcu_read_unlock();
                                r1_sync_page_io(rdev, sect, s,
                                                conf->tmppage, WRITE);
                                rdev_dec_pending(rdev, mddev);
                        } else
                                rcu_read_unlock();
                }
                d = start;
                while (d != read_disk) {
                        char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
                        if (d==0)
                                d = conf->raid_disks * 2;
                        d--;
                        rcu_read_lock();
                        rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->mirrors[d].rdev);
                        if (rdev &&
                            !test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags)) {
                                atomic_inc(&rdev->nr_pending);
                                rcu_read_unlock();
                                if (r1_sync_page_io(rdev, sect, s,
                                                    conf->tmppage, READ)) {
                                        atomic_add(s, &rdev->corrected_errors);
                                        printk(KERN_INFO
                                               "md/raid1:%s: read error corrected "
                                               "(%d sectors at %llu on %s)\n",
                                               mdname(mddev), s,
                                               (unsigned long long)(sect +
                                                                    rdev->data_offset),
                                               bdevname(rdev->bdev, b));
                                }
                                rdev_dec_pending(rdev, mddev);
                        } else
                                rcu_read_unlock();
                }
                sectors -= s;
                sect += s;
        }
}

static int narrow_write_error(struct r1bio *r1_bio, int i)
{
        struct mddev *mddev = r1_bio->mddev;
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        struct md_rdev *rdev = conf->mirrors[i].rdev;

        /* bio has the data to be written to device 'i' where
         * we just recently had a write error.
         * We repeatedly clone the bio and trim down to one block,
         * then try the write.  Where the write fails we record
         * a bad block.
         * It is conceivable that the bio doesn't exactly align with
         * blocks.  We must handle this somehow.
         *
         * We currently own a reference on the rdev.
         */

        int block_sectors;
        sector_t sector;
        int sectors;
        int sect_to_write = r1_bio->sectors;
        int ok = 1;

        if (rdev->badblocks.shift < 0)
                return 0;

        block_sectors = roundup(1 << rdev->badblocks.shift,
                                bdev_logical_block_size(rdev->bdev) >> 9);
        sector = r1_bio->sector;
        sectors = ((sector + block_sectors)
                   & ~(sector_t)(block_sectors - 1))
                - sector;

        while (sect_to_write) {
                struct bio *wbio;
                if (sectors > sect_to_write)
                        sectors = sect_to_write;
                /* Write at 'sector' for 'sectors'*/

                if (test_bit(R1BIO_BehindIO, &r1_bio->state)) {
                        unsigned vcnt = r1_bio->behind_page_count;
                        struct bio_vec *vec = r1_bio->behind_bvecs;

                        while (!vec->bv_page) {
                                vec++;
                                vcnt--;
                        }

                        wbio = bio_alloc_mddev(GFP_NOIO, vcnt, mddev);
                        memcpy(wbio->bi_io_vec, vec, vcnt * sizeof(struct bio_vec));

                        wbio->bi_vcnt = vcnt;
                } else {
                        wbio = bio_clone_mddev(r1_bio->master_bio, GFP_NOIO, mddev);
                }

                bio_set_op_attrs(wbio, REQ_OP_WRITE, 0);
                wbio->bi_iter.bi_sector = r1_bio->sector;
                wbio->bi_iter.bi_size = r1_bio->sectors << 9;

                bio_trim(wbio, sector - r1_bio->sector, sectors);
                wbio->bi_iter.bi_sector += rdev->data_offset;
                wbio->bi_bdev = rdev->bdev;

                if (submit_bio_wait(wbio) < 0)
                        /* failure! */
                        ok = rdev_set_badblocks(rdev, sector,
                                                sectors, 0)
                                && ok;

                bio_put(wbio);
                sect_to_write -= sectors;
                sector += sectors;
                sectors = block_sectors;
        }
        return ok;
}

static void handle_sync_write_finished(struct r1conf *conf, struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        int m;
        int s = r1_bio->sectors;
        for (m = 0; m < conf->raid_disks * 2 ; m++) {
                struct md_rdev *rdev = conf->mirrors[m].rdev;
                struct bio *bio = r1_bio->bios[m];
                if (bio->bi_end_io == NULL)
                        continue;
                if (!bio->bi_error &&
                    test_bit(R1BIO_MadeGood, &r1_bio->state)) {
                        rdev_clear_badblocks(rdev, r1_bio->sector, s, 0);
                }
                if (bio->bi_error &&
                    test_bit(R1BIO_WriteError, &r1_bio->state)) {
                        if (!rdev_set_badblocks(rdev, r1_bio->sector, s, 0))
                                md_error(conf->mddev, rdev);
                }
        }
        put_buf(r1_bio);
        md_done_sync(conf->mddev, s, 1);
}

static void handle_write_finished(struct r1conf *conf, struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        int m;
        bool fail = false;
        for (m = 0; m < conf->raid_disks * 2 ; m++)
                if (r1_bio->bios[m] == IO_MADE_GOOD) {
                        struct md_rdev *rdev = conf->mirrors[m].rdev;
                        rdev_clear_badblocks(rdev,
                                             r1_bio->sector,
                                             r1_bio->sectors, 0);
                        rdev_dec_pending(rdev, conf->mddev);
                } else if (r1_bio->bios[m] != NULL) {
                        /* This drive got a write error.  We need to
                         * narrow down and record precise write
                         * errors.
                         */
                        fail = true;
                        if (!narrow_write_error(r1_bio, m)) {
                                md_error(conf->mddev,
                                         conf->mirrors[m].rdev);
                                /* an I/O failed, we can't clear the bitmap */
                                set_bit(R1BIO_Degraded, &r1_bio->state);
                        }
                        rdev_dec_pending(conf->mirrors[m].rdev,
                                         conf->mddev);
                }
        if (fail) {
                spin_lock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
                list_add(&r1_bio->retry_list, &conf->bio_end_io_list);
                conf->nr_queued++;
                spin_unlock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
                md_wakeup_thread(conf->mddev->thread);
        } else {
                if (test_bit(R1BIO_WriteError, &r1_bio->state))
                        close_write(r1_bio);
                raid_end_bio_io(r1_bio);
        }
}

static void handle_read_error(struct r1conf *conf, struct r1bio *r1_bio)
{
        int disk;
        int max_sectors;
        struct mddev *mddev = conf->mddev;
        struct bio *bio;
        char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
        struct md_rdev *rdev;

        clear_bit(R1BIO_ReadError, &r1_bio->state);
        /* we got a read error. Maybe the drive is bad.  Maybe just
         * the block and we can fix it.
         * We freeze all other IO, and try reading the block from
         * other devices.  When we find one, we re-write
         * and check it that fixes the read error.
         * This is all done synchronously while the array is
         * frozen
         */
        if (mddev->ro == 0) {
                freeze_array(conf, 1);
                fix_read_error(conf, r1_bio->read_disk,
                               r1_bio->sector, r1_bio->sectors);
                unfreeze_array(conf);
        } else
                md_error(mddev, conf->mirrors[r1_bio->read_disk].rdev);
        rdev_dec_pending(conf->mirrors[r1_bio->read_disk].rdev, conf->mddev);

        bio = r1_bio->bios[r1_bio->read_disk];
        bdevname(bio->bi_bdev, b);
read_more:
        disk = read_balance(conf, r1_bio, &max_sectors);
        if (disk == -1) {
                printk(KERN_ALERT "md/raid1:%s: %s: unrecoverable I/O"
                       " read error for block %llu\n",
                       mdname(mddev), b, (unsigned long long)r1_bio->sector);
                raid_end_bio_io(r1_bio);
        } else {
                const unsigned long do_sync
                        = r1_bio->master_bio->bi_opf & REQ_SYNC;
                if (bio) {
                        r1_bio->bios[r1_bio->read_disk] =
                                mddev->ro ? IO_BLOCKED : NULL;
                        bio_put(bio);
                }
                r1_bio->read_disk = disk;
                bio = bio_clone_mddev(r1_bio->master_bio, GFP_NOIO, mddev);
                bio_trim(bio, r1_bio->sector - bio->bi_iter.bi_sector,
                         max_sectors);
                r1_bio->bios[r1_bio->read_disk] = bio;
                rdev = conf->mirrors[disk].rdev;
                printk_ratelimited(KERN_ERR
                                   "md/raid1:%s: redirecting sector %llu"
                                   " to other mirror: %s\n",
                                   mdname(mddev),
                                   (unsigned long long)r1_bio->sector,
                                   bdevname(rdev->bdev, b));
                bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = r1_bio->sector + rdev->data_offset;
                bio->bi_bdev = rdev->bdev;
                bio->bi_end_io = raid1_end_read_request;
                bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_READ, do_sync);
                bio->bi_private = r1_bio;
                if (max_sectors < r1_bio->sectors) {
                        /* Drat - have to split this up more */
                        struct bio *mbio = r1_bio->master_bio;
                        int sectors_handled = (r1_bio->sector + max_sectors
                                               - mbio->bi_iter.bi_sector);
                        r1_bio->sectors = max_sectors;
                        spin_lock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
                        if (mbio->bi_phys_segments == 0)
                                mbio->bi_phys_segments = 2;
                        else
                                mbio->bi_phys_segments++;
                        spin_unlock_irq(&conf->device_lock);
                        generic_make_request(bio);
                        bio = NULL;

                        r1_bio = mempool_alloc(conf->r1bio_pool, GFP_NOIO);

                        r1_bio->master_bio = mbio;
                        r1_bio->sectors = bio_sectors(mbio) - sectors_handled;
                        r1_bio->state = 0;
                        set_bit(R1BIO_ReadError, &r1_bio->state);
                        r1_bio->mddev = mddev;
                        r1_bio->sector = mbio->bi_iter.bi_sector +
                                sectors_handled;

                        goto read_more;
                } else
                        generic_make_request(bio);
        }
}

static void raid1d(struct md_thread *thread)
{
        struct mddev *mddev = thread->mddev;
        struct r1bio *r1_bio;
        unsigned long flags;
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        struct list_head *head = &conf->retry_list;
        struct blk_plug plug;

        md_check_recovery(mddev);

        if (!list_empty_careful(&conf->bio_end_io_list) &&
            !test_bit(MD_CHANGE_PENDING, &mddev->flags)) {
                LIST_HEAD(tmp);
                spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->device_lock, flags);
                if (!test_bit(MD_CHANGE_PENDING, &mddev->flags)) {
                        while (!list_empty(&conf->bio_end_io_list)) {
                                list_move(conf->bio_end_io_list.prev, &tmp);
                                conf->nr_queued--;
                        }
                }
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->device_lock, flags);
                while (!list_empty(&tmp)) {
                        r1_bio = list_first_entry(&tmp, struct r1bio,
                                                  retry_list);
                        list_del(&r1_bio->retry_list);
                        if (mddev->degraded)
                                set_bit(R1BIO_Degraded, &r1_bio->state);
                        if (test_bit(R1BIO_WriteError, &r1_bio->state))
                                close_write(r1_bio);
                        raid_end_bio_io(r1_bio);
                }
        }

        blk_start_plug(&plug);
        for (;;) {

                flush_pending_writes(conf);

                spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->device_lock, flags);
                if (list_empty(head)) {
                        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->device_lock, flags);
                        break;
                }
                r1_bio = list_entry(head->prev, struct r1bio, retry_list);
                list_del(head->prev);
                conf->nr_queued--;
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->device_lock, flags);

                mddev = r1_bio->mddev;
                conf = mddev->private;
                if (test_bit(R1BIO_IsSync, &r1_bio->state)) {
                        if (test_bit(R1BIO_MadeGood, &r1_bio->state) ||
                            test_bit(R1BIO_WriteError, &r1_bio->state))
                                handle_sync_write_finished(conf, r1_bio);
                        else
                                sync_request_write(mddev, r1_bio);
                } else if (test_bit(R1BIO_MadeGood, &r1_bio->state) ||
                           test_bit(R1BIO_WriteError, &r1_bio->state))
                        handle_write_finished(conf, r1_bio);
                else if (test_bit(R1BIO_ReadError, &r1_bio->state))
                        handle_read_error(conf, r1_bio);
                else
                        /* just a partial read to be scheduled from separate
                         * context
                         */
                        generic_make_request(r1_bio->bios[r1_bio->read_disk]);

                cond_resched();
                if (mddev->flags & ~(1<<MD_CHANGE_PENDING))
                        md_check_recovery(mddev);
        }
        blk_finish_plug(&plug);
}

static int init_resync(struct r1conf *conf)
{
        int buffs;

        buffs = RESYNC_WINDOW / RESYNC_BLOCK_SIZE;
        BUG_ON(conf->r1buf_pool);
        conf->r1buf_pool = mempool_create(buffs, r1buf_pool_alloc, r1buf_pool_free,
                                          conf->poolinfo);
        if (!conf->r1buf_pool)
                return -ENOMEM;
        conf->next_resync = 0;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * perform a "sync" on one "block"
 *
 * We need to make sure that no normal I/O request - particularly write
 * requests - conflict with active sync requests.
 *
 * This is achieved by tracking pending requests and a 'barrier' concept
 * that can be installed to exclude normal IO requests.
 */

static sector_t raid1_sync_request(struct mddev *mddev, sector_t sector_nr,
                                   int *skipped)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        struct r1bio *r1_bio;
        struct bio *bio;
        sector_t max_sector, nr_sectors;
        int disk = -1;
        int i;
        int wonly = -1;
        int write_targets = 0, read_targets = 0;
        sector_t sync_blocks;
        int still_degraded = 0;
        int good_sectors = RESYNC_SECTORS;
        int min_bad = 0; /* number of sectors that are bad in all devices */

        if (!conf->r1buf_pool)
                if (init_resync(conf))
                        return 0;

        max_sector = mddev->dev_sectors;
        if (sector_nr >= max_sector) {
                /* If we aborted, we need to abort the
                 * sync on the 'current' bitmap chunk (there will
                 * only be one in raid1 resync.
                 * We can find the current addess in mddev->curr_resync
                 */
                if (mddev->curr_resync < max_sector) /* aborted */
                        bitmap_end_sync(mddev->bitmap, mddev->curr_resync,
                                                &sync_blocks, 1);
                else /* completed sync */
                        conf->fullsync = 0;

                bitmap_close_sync(mddev->bitmap);
                close_sync(conf);

                if (mddev_is_clustered(mddev)) {
                        conf->cluster_sync_low = 0;
                        conf->cluster_sync_high = 0;
                }
                return 0;
        }

        if (mddev->bitmap == NULL &&
            mddev->recovery_cp == MaxSector &&
            !test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, &mddev->recovery) &&
            conf->fullsync == 0) {
                *skipped = 1;
                return max_sector - sector_nr;
        }
        /* before building a request, check if we can skip these blocks..
         * This call the bitmap_start_sync doesn't actually record anything
         */
        if (!bitmap_start_sync(mddev->bitmap, sector_nr, &sync_blocks, 1) &&
            !conf->fullsync && !test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, &mddev->recovery)) {
                /* We can skip this block, and probably several more */
                *skipped = 1;
                return sync_blocks;
        }

        /*
         * If there is non-resync activity waiting for a turn, then let it
         * though before starting on this new sync request.
         */
        if (conf->nr_waiting)
                schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);

        /* we are incrementing sector_nr below. To be safe, we check against
         * sector_nr + two times RESYNC_SECTORS
         */

        bitmap_cond_end_sync(mddev->bitmap, sector_nr,
                mddev_is_clustered(mddev) && (sector_nr + 2 * RESYNC_SECTORS > conf->cluster_sync_high));
        r1_bio = mempool_alloc(conf->r1buf_pool, GFP_NOIO);

        raise_barrier(conf, sector_nr);

        rcu_read_lock();
        /*
         * If we get a correctably read error during resync or recovery,
         * we might want to read from a different device.  So we
         * flag all drives that could conceivably be read from for READ,
         * and any others (which will be non-In_sync devices) for WRITE.
         * If a read fails, we try reading from something else for which READ
         * is OK.
         */

        r1_bio->mddev = mddev;
        r1_bio->sector = sector_nr;
        r1_bio->state = 0;
        set_bit(R1BIO_IsSync, &r1_bio->state);

        for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks * 2; i++) {
                struct md_rdev *rdev;
                bio = r1_bio->bios[i];
                bio_reset(bio);

                rdev = rcu_dereference(conf->mirrors[i].rdev);
                if (rdev == NULL ||
                    test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags)) {
                        if (i < conf->raid_disks)
                                still_degraded = 1;
                } else if (!test_bit(In_sync, &rdev->flags)) {
                        bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_WRITE, 0);
                        bio->bi_end_io = end_sync_write;
                        write_targets ++;
                } else {
                        /* may need to read from here */
                        sector_t first_bad = MaxSector;
                        int bad_sectors;

                        if (is_badblock(rdev, sector_nr, good_sectors,
                                        &first_bad, &bad_sectors)) {
                                if (first_bad > sector_nr)
                                        good_sectors = first_bad - sector_nr;
                                else {
                                        bad_sectors -= (sector_nr - first_bad);
                                        if (min_bad == 0 ||
                                            min_bad > bad_sectors)
                                                min_bad = bad_sectors;
                                }
                        }
                        if (sector_nr < first_bad) {
                                if (test_bit(WriteMostly, &rdev->flags)) {
                                        if (wonly < 0)
                                                wonly = i;
                                } else {
                                        if (disk < 0)
                                                disk = i;
                                }
                                bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_READ, 0);
                                bio->bi_end_io = end_sync_read;
                                read_targets++;
                        } else if (!test_bit(WriteErrorSeen, &rdev->flags) &&
                                test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_SYNC, &mddev->recovery) &&
                                !test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_CHECK, &mddev->recovery)) {
                                /*
                                 * The device is suitable for reading (InSync),
                                 * but has bad block(s) here. Let's try to correct them,
                                 * if we are doing resync or repair. Otherwise, leave
                                 * this device alone for this sync request.
                                 */
                                bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_WRITE, 0);
                                bio->bi_end_io = end_sync_write;
                                write_targets++;
                        }
                }
                if (bio->bi_end_io) {
                        atomic_inc(&rdev->nr_pending);
                        bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = sector_nr + rdev->data_offset;
                        bio->bi_bdev = rdev->bdev;
                        bio->bi_private = r1_bio;
                }
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
        if (disk < 0)
                disk = wonly;
        r1_bio->read_disk = disk;

        if (read_targets == 0 && min_bad > 0) {
                /* These sectors are bad on all InSync devices, so we
                 * need to mark them bad on all write targets
                 */
                int ok = 1;
                for (i = 0 ; i < conf->raid_disks * 2 ; i++)
                        if (r1_bio->bios[i]->bi_end_io == end_sync_write) {
                                struct md_rdev *rdev = conf->mirrors[i].rdev;
                                ok = rdev_set_badblocks(rdev, sector_nr,
                                                        min_bad, 0
                                        ) && ok;
                        }
                set_bit(MD_CHANGE_DEVS, &mddev->flags);
                *skipped = 1;
                put_buf(r1_bio);

                if (!ok) {
                        /* Cannot record the badblocks, so need to
                         * abort the resync.
                         * If there are multiple read targets, could just
                         * fail the really bad ones ???
                         */
                        conf->recovery_disabled = mddev->recovery_disabled;
                        set_bit(MD_RECOVERY_INTR, &mddev->recovery);
                        return 0;
                } else
                        return min_bad;

        }
        if (min_bad > 0 && min_bad < good_sectors) {
                /* only resync enough to reach the next bad->good
                 * transition */
                good_sectors = min_bad;
        }

        if (test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_SYNC, &mddev->recovery) && read_targets > 0)
                /* extra read targets are also write targets */
                write_targets += read_targets-1;

        if (write_targets == 0 || read_targets == 0) {
                /* There is nowhere to write, so all non-sync
                 * drives must be failed - so we are finished
                 */
                sector_t rv;
                if (min_bad > 0)
                        max_sector = sector_nr + min_bad;
                rv = max_sector - sector_nr;
                *skipped = 1;
                put_buf(r1_bio);
                return rv;
        }

        if (max_sector > mddev->resync_max)
                max_sector = mddev->resync_max; /* Don't do IO beyond here */
        if (max_sector > sector_nr + good_sectors)
                max_sector = sector_nr + good_sectors;
        nr_sectors = 0;
        sync_blocks = 0;
        do {
                struct page *page;
                int len = PAGE_SIZE;
                if (sector_nr + (len>>9) > max_sector)
                        len = (max_sector - sector_nr) << 9;
                if (len == 0)
                        break;
                if (sync_blocks == 0) {
                        if (!bitmap_start_sync(mddev->bitmap, sector_nr,
                                               &sync_blocks, still_degraded) &&
                            !conf->fullsync &&
                            !test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, &mddev->recovery))
                                break;
                        if ((len >> 9) > sync_blocks)
                                len = sync_blocks<<9;
                }

                for (i = 0 ; i < conf->raid_disks * 2; i++) {
                        bio = r1_bio->bios[i];
                        if (bio->bi_end_io) {
                                page = bio->bi_io_vec[bio->bi_vcnt].bv_page;
                                if (bio_add_page(bio, page, len, 0) == 0) {
                                        /* stop here */
                                        bio->bi_io_vec[bio->bi_vcnt].bv_page = page;
                                        while (i > 0) {
                                                i--;
                                                bio = r1_bio->bios[i];
                                                if (bio->bi_end_io==NULL)
                                                        continue;
                                                /* remove last page from this bio */
                                                bio->bi_vcnt--;
                                                bio->bi_iter.bi_size -= len;
                                                bio_clear_flag(bio, BIO_SEG_VALID);
                                        }
                                        goto bio_full;
                                }
                        }
                }
                nr_sectors += len>>9;
                sector_nr += len>>9;
                sync_blocks -= (len>>9);
        } while (r1_bio->bios[disk]->bi_vcnt < RESYNC_PAGES);
 bio_full:
        r1_bio->sectors = nr_sectors;

        if (mddev_is_clustered(mddev) &&
                        conf->cluster_sync_high < sector_nr + nr_sectors) {
                conf->cluster_sync_low = mddev->curr_resync_completed;
                conf->cluster_sync_high = conf->cluster_sync_low + CLUSTER_RESYNC_WINDOW_SECTORS;
                /* Send resync message */
                md_cluster_ops->resync_info_update(mddev,
                                conf->cluster_sync_low,
                                conf->cluster_sync_high);
        }

        /* For a user-requested sync, we read all readable devices and do a
         * compare
         */
        if (test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, &mddev->recovery)) {
                atomic_set(&r1_bio->remaining, read_targets);
                for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks * 2 && read_targets; i++) {
                        bio = r1_bio->bios[i];
                        if (bio->bi_end_io == end_sync_read) {
                                read_targets--;
                                md_sync_acct(bio->bi_bdev, nr_sectors);
                                generic_make_request(bio);
                        }
                }
        } else {
                atomic_set(&r1_bio->remaining, 1);
                bio = r1_bio->bios[r1_bio->read_disk];
                md_sync_acct(bio->bi_bdev, nr_sectors);
                generic_make_request(bio);

        }
        return nr_sectors;
}

static sector_t raid1_size(struct mddev *mddev, sector_t sectors, int raid_disks)
{
        if (sectors)
                return sectors;

        return mddev->dev_sectors;
}

static struct r1conf *setup_conf(struct mddev *mddev)
{
        struct r1conf *conf;
        int i;
        struct raid1_info *disk;
        struct md_rdev *rdev;
        int err = -ENOMEM;

        conf = kzalloc(sizeof(struct r1conf), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!conf)
                goto abort;

        conf->mirrors = kzalloc(sizeof(struct raid1_info)
                                * mddev->raid_disks * 2,
                                 GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!conf->mirrors)
                goto abort;

        conf->tmppage = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!conf->tmppage)
                goto abort;

        conf->poolinfo = kzalloc(sizeof(*conf->poolinfo), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!conf->poolinfo)
                goto abort;
        conf->poolinfo->raid_disks = mddev->raid_disks * 2;
        conf->r1bio_pool = mempool_create(NR_RAID1_BIOS, r1bio_pool_alloc,
                                          r1bio_pool_free,
                                          conf->poolinfo);
        if (!conf->r1bio_pool)
                goto abort;

        conf->poolinfo->mddev = mddev;

        err = -EINVAL;
        spin_lock_init(&conf->device_lock);
        rdev_for_each(rdev, mddev) {
                struct request_queue *q;
                int disk_idx = rdev->raid_disk;
                if (disk_idx >= mddev->raid_disks
                    || disk_idx < 0)
                        continue;
                if (test_bit(Replacement, &rdev->flags))
                        disk = conf->mirrors + mddev->raid_disks + disk_idx;
                else
                        disk = conf->mirrors + disk_idx;

                if (disk->rdev)
                        goto abort;
                disk->rdev = rdev;
                q = bdev_get_queue(rdev->bdev);

                disk->head_position = 0;
                disk->seq_start = MaxSector;
        }
        conf->raid_disks = mddev->raid_disks;
        conf->mddev = mddev;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&conf->retry_list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&conf->bio_end_io_list);

        spin_lock_init(&conf->resync_lock);
        init_waitqueue_head(&conf->wait_barrier);

        bio_list_init(&conf->pending_bio_list);
        conf->pending_count = 0;
        conf->recovery_disabled = mddev->recovery_disabled - 1;

        conf->start_next_window = MaxSector;
        conf->current_window_requests = conf->next_window_requests = 0;

        err = -EIO;
        for (i = 0; i < conf->raid_disks * 2; i++) {

                disk = conf->mirrors + i;

                if (i < conf->raid_disks &&
                    disk[conf->raid_disks].rdev) {
                        /* This slot has a replacement. */
                        if (!disk->rdev) {
                                /* No original, just make the replacement
                                 * a recovering spare
                                 */
                                disk->rdev =
                                        disk[conf->raid_disks].rdev;
                                disk[conf->raid_disks].rdev = NULL;
                        } else if (!test_bit(In_sync, &disk->rdev->flags))
                                /* Original is not in_sync - bad */
                                goto abort;
                }

                if (!disk->rdev ||
                    !test_bit(In_sync, &disk->rdev->flags)) {
                        disk->head_position = 0;
                        if (disk->rdev &&
                            (disk->rdev->saved_raid_disk < 0))
                                conf->fullsync = 1;
                }
        }

        err = -ENOMEM;
        conf->thread = md_register_thread(raid1d, mddev, "raid1");
        if (!conf->thread) {
                printk(KERN_ERR
                       "md/raid1:%s: couldn't allocate thread\n",
                       mdname(mddev));
                goto abort;
        }

        return conf;

 abort:
        if (conf) {
                mempool_destroy(conf->r1bio_pool);
                kfree(conf->mirrors);
                safe_put_page(conf->tmppage);
                kfree(conf->poolinfo);
                kfree(conf);
        }
        return ERR_PTR(err);
}

static void raid1_free(struct mddev *mddev, void *priv);
static int raid1_run(struct mddev *mddev)
{
        struct r1conf *conf;
        int i;
        struct md_rdev *rdev;
        int ret;
        bool discard_supported = false;

        if (mddev->level != 1) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "md/raid1:%s: raid level not set to mirroring (%d)\n",
                       mdname(mddev), mddev->level);
                return -EIO;
        }
        if (mddev->reshape_position != MaxSector) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "md/raid1:%s: reshape_position set but not supported\n",
                       mdname(mddev));
                return -EIO;
        }
        /*
         * copy the already verified devices into our private RAID1
         * bookkeeping area. [whatever we allocate in run(),
         * should be freed in raid1_free()]
         */
        if (mddev->private == NULL)
                conf = setup_conf(mddev);
        else
                conf = mddev->private;

        if (IS_ERR(conf))
                return PTR_ERR(conf);

        if (mddev->queue)
                blk_queue_max_write_same_sectors(mddev->queue, 0);

        rdev_for_each(rdev, mddev) {
                if (!mddev->gendisk)
                        continue;
                disk_stack_limits(mddev->gendisk, rdev->bdev,
                                  rdev->data_offset << 9);
                if (blk_queue_discard(bdev_get_queue(rdev->bdev)))
                        discard_supported = true;
        }

        mddev->degraded = 0;
        for (i=0; i < conf->raid_disks; i++)
                if (conf->mirrors[i].rdev == NULL ||
                    !test_bit(In_sync, &conf->mirrors[i].rdev->flags) ||
                    test_bit(Faulty, &conf->mirrors[i].rdev->flags))
                        mddev->degraded++;

        if (conf->raid_disks - mddev->degraded == 1)
                mddev->recovery_cp = MaxSector;

        if (mddev->recovery_cp != MaxSector)
                printk(KERN_NOTICE "md/raid1:%s: not clean"
                       " -- starting background reconstruction\n",
                       mdname(mddev));
        printk(KERN_INFO
                "md/raid1:%s: active with %d out of %d mirrors\n",
                mdname(mddev), mddev->raid_disks - mddev->degraded,
                mddev->raid_disks);

        /*
         * Ok, everything is just fine now
         */
        mddev->thread = conf->thread;
        conf->thread = NULL;
        mddev->private = conf;

        md_set_array_sectors(mddev, raid1_size(mddev, 0, 0));

        if (mddev->queue) {
                if (discard_supported)
                        queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_DISCARD,
                                                mddev->queue);
                else
                        queue_flag_clear_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_DISCARD,
                                                  mddev->queue);
        }

        ret =  md_integrity_register(mddev);
        if (ret) {
                md_unregister_thread(&mddev->thread);
                raid1_free(mddev, conf);
        }
        return ret;
}

static void raid1_free(struct mddev *mddev, void *priv)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = priv;

        mempool_destroy(conf->r1bio_pool);
        kfree(conf->mirrors);
        safe_put_page(conf->tmppage);
        kfree(conf->poolinfo);
        kfree(conf);
}

static int raid1_resize(struct mddev *mddev, sector_t sectors)
{
        /* no resync is happening, and there is enough space
         * on all devices, so we can resize.
         * We need to make sure resync covers any new space.
         * If the array is shrinking we should possibly wait until
         * any io in the removed space completes, but it hardly seems
         * worth it.
         */
        sector_t newsize = raid1_size(mddev, sectors, 0);
        if (mddev->external_size &&
            mddev->array_sectors > newsize)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (mddev->bitmap) {
                int ret = bitmap_resize(mddev->bitmap, newsize, 0, 0);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
        md_set_array_sectors(mddev, newsize);
        set_capacity(mddev->gendisk, mddev->array_sectors);
        revalidate_disk(mddev->gendisk);
        if (sectors > mddev->dev_sectors &&
            mddev->recovery_cp > mddev->dev_sectors) {
                mddev->recovery_cp = mddev->dev_sectors;
                set_bit(MD_RECOVERY_NEEDED, &mddev->recovery);
        }
        mddev->dev_sectors = sectors;
        mddev->resync_max_sectors = sectors;
        return 0;
}

static int raid1_reshape(struct mddev *mddev)
{
        /* We need to:
         * 1/ resize the r1bio_pool
         * 2/ resize conf->mirrors
         *
         * We allocate a new r1bio_pool if we can.
         * Then raise a device barrier and wait until all IO stops.
         * Then resize conf->mirrors and swap in the new r1bio pool.
         *
         * At the same time, we "pack" the devices so that all the missing
         * devices have the higher raid_disk numbers.
         */
        mempool_t *newpool, *oldpool;
        struct pool_info *newpoolinfo;
        struct raid1_info *newmirrors;
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;
        int cnt, raid_disks;
        unsigned long flags;
        int d, d2, err;

        /* Cannot change chunk_size, layout, or level */
        if (mddev->chunk_sectors != mddev->new_chunk_sectors ||
            mddev->layout != mddev->new_layout ||
            mddev->level != mddev->new_level) {
                mddev->new_chunk_sectors = mddev->chunk_sectors;
                mddev->new_layout = mddev->layout;
                mddev->new_level = mddev->level;
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (!mddev_is_clustered(mddev)) {
                err = md_allow_write(mddev);
                if (err)
                        return err;
        }

        raid_disks = mddev->raid_disks + mddev->delta_disks;

        if (raid_disks < conf->raid_disks) {
                cnt=0;
                for (d= 0; d < conf->raid_disks; d++)
                        if (conf->mirrors[d].rdev)
                                cnt++;
                if (cnt > raid_disks)
                        return -EBUSY;
        }

        newpoolinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*newpoolinfo), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!newpoolinfo)
                return -ENOMEM;
        newpoolinfo->mddev = mddev;
        newpoolinfo->raid_disks = raid_disks * 2;

        newpool = mempool_create(NR_RAID1_BIOS, r1bio_pool_alloc,
                                 r1bio_pool_free, newpoolinfo);
        if (!newpool) {
                kfree(newpoolinfo);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        newmirrors = kzalloc(sizeof(struct raid1_info) * raid_disks * 2,
                             GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!newmirrors) {
                kfree(newpoolinfo);
                mempool_destroy(newpool);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        freeze_array(conf, 0);

        /* ok, everything is stopped */
        oldpool = conf->r1bio_pool;
        conf->r1bio_pool = newpool;

        for (d = d2 = 0; d < conf->raid_disks; d++) {
                struct md_rdev *rdev = conf->mirrors[d].rdev;
                if (rdev && rdev->raid_disk != d2) {
                        sysfs_unlink_rdev(mddev, rdev);
                        rdev->raid_disk = d2;
                        sysfs_unlink_rdev(mddev, rdev);
                        if (sysfs_link_rdev(mddev, rdev))
                                printk(KERN_WARNING
                                       "md/raid1:%s: cannot register rd%d\n",
                                       mdname(mddev), rdev->raid_disk);
                }
                if (rdev)
                        newmirrors[d2++].rdev = rdev;
        }
        kfree(conf->mirrors);
        conf->mirrors = newmirrors;
        kfree(conf->poolinfo);
        conf->poolinfo = newpoolinfo;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&conf->device_lock, flags);
        mddev->degraded += (raid_disks - conf->raid_disks);
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&conf->device_lock, flags);
        conf->raid_disks = mddev->raid_disks = raid_disks;
        mddev->delta_disks = 0;

        unfreeze_array(conf);

        set_bit(MD_RECOVERY_RECOVER, &mddev->recovery);
        set_bit(MD_RECOVERY_NEEDED, &mddev->recovery);
        md_wakeup_thread(mddev->thread);

        mempool_destroy(oldpool);
        return 0;
}

static void raid1_quiesce(struct mddev *mddev, int state)
{
        struct r1conf *conf = mddev->private;

        switch(state) {
        case 2: /* wake for suspend */
                wake_up(&conf->wait_barrier);
                break;
        case 1:
                freeze_array(conf, 0);
                break;
        case 0:
                unfreeze_array(conf);
                break;
        }
}

static void *raid1_takeover(struct mddev *mddev)
{
        /* raid1 can take over:
         *  raid5 with 2 devices, any layout or chunk size
         */
        if (mddev->level == 5 && mddev->raid_disks == 2) {
                struct r1conf *conf;
                mddev->new_level = 1;
                mddev->new_layout = 0;
                mddev->new_chunk_sectors = 0;
                conf = setup_conf(mddev);
                if (!IS_ERR(conf))
                        /* Array must appear to be quiesced */
                        conf->array_frozen = 1;
                return conf;
        }
        return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}

static struct md_personality raid1_personality =
{
        .name           = "raid1",
        .level          = 1,
        .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
        .make_request   = raid1_make_request,
        .run            = raid1_run,
        .free           = raid1_free,
        .status         = raid1_status,
        .error_handler  = raid1_error,
        .hot_add_disk   = raid1_add_disk,
        .hot_remove_disk= raid1_remove_disk,
        .spare_active   = raid1_spare_active,
        .sync_request   = raid1_sync_request,
        .resize         = raid1_resize,
        .size           = raid1_size,
        .check_reshape  = raid1_reshape,
        .quiesce        = raid1_quiesce,
        .takeover       = raid1_takeover,
        .congested      = raid1_congested,
};

static int __init raid_init(void)
{
        return register_md_personality(&raid1_personality);
}

static void raid_exit(void)
{
        unregister_md_personality(&raid1_personality);
}

module_init(raid_init);
module_exit(raid_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("RAID1 (mirroring) personality for MD");
MODULE_ALIAS("md-personality-3"); /* RAID1 */
MODULE_ALIAS("md-raid1");
MODULE_ALIAS("md-level-1");

module_param(max_queued_requests, int, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR);