vsprintf: use %pR, %pr instead of %pRt, %pRf

[mirror_ubuntu-artful-kernel.git] / drivers / pci / probe.c

/*
 * probe.c - PCI detection and setup code
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
#include <linux/pci-aspm.h>
#include <linux/iommu.h>
#include <acpi/acpi_hest.h>
#include <xen/xen.h>
#include "pci.h"

#define CARDBUS_LATENCY_TIMER   176     /* secondary latency timer */
#define CARDBUS_RESERVE_BUSNR   3

/* Ugh.  Need to stop exporting this to modules. */
LIST_HEAD(pci_root_buses);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_root_buses);


static int find_anything(struct device *dev, void *data)
{
        return 1;
}

/*
 * Some device drivers need know if pci is initiated.
 * Basically, we think pci is not initiated when there
 * is no device to be found on the pci_bus_type.
 */
int no_pci_devices(void)
{
        struct device *dev;
        int no_devices;

        dev = bus_find_device(&pci_bus_type, NULL, NULL, find_anything);
        no_devices = (dev == NULL);
        put_device(dev);
        return no_devices;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(no_pci_devices);

/*
 * PCI Bus Class Devices
 */
static ssize_t pci_bus_show_cpuaffinity(struct device *dev,
                                        int type,
                                        struct device_attribute *attr,
                                        char *buf)
{
        int ret;
        const struct cpumask *cpumask;

        cpumask = cpumask_of_pcibus(to_pci_bus(dev));
        ret = type?
                cpulist_scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE-2, cpumask) :
                cpumask_scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE-2, cpumask);
        buf[ret++] = '\n';
        buf[ret] = '\0';
        return ret;
}

static ssize_t inline pci_bus_show_cpumaskaffinity(struct device *dev,
                                        struct device_attribute *attr,
                                        char *buf)
{
        return pci_bus_show_cpuaffinity(dev, 0, attr, buf);
}

static ssize_t inline pci_bus_show_cpulistaffinity(struct device *dev,
                                        struct device_attribute *attr,
                                        char *buf)
{
        return pci_bus_show_cpuaffinity(dev, 1, attr, buf);
}

DEVICE_ATTR(cpuaffinity,     S_IRUGO, pci_bus_show_cpumaskaffinity, NULL);
DEVICE_ATTR(cpulistaffinity, S_IRUGO, pci_bus_show_cpulistaffinity, NULL);

/*
 * PCI Bus Class
 */
static void release_pcibus_dev(struct device *dev)
{
        struct pci_bus *pci_bus = to_pci_bus(dev);

        if (pci_bus->bridge)
                put_device(pci_bus->bridge);
        kfree(pci_bus);
}

static struct class pcibus_class = {
        .name           = "pci_bus",
        .dev_release    = &release_pcibus_dev,
};

static int __init pcibus_class_init(void)
{
        return class_register(&pcibus_class);
}
postcore_initcall(pcibus_class_init);

/*
 * Translate the low bits of the PCI base
 * to the resource type
 */
static inline unsigned int pci_calc_resource_flags(unsigned int flags)
{
        if (flags & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO)
                return IORESOURCE_IO;

        if (flags & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH)
                return IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_PREFETCH;

        return IORESOURCE_MEM;
}

static u64 pci_size(u64 base, u64 maxbase, u64 mask)
{
        u64 size = mask & maxbase;      /* Find the significant bits */
        if (!size)
                return 0;

        /* Get the lowest of them to find the decode size, and
           from that the extent.  */
        size = (size & ~(size-1)) - 1;

        /* base == maxbase can be valid only if the BAR has
           already been programmed with all 1s.  */
        if (base == maxbase && ((base | size) & mask) != mask)
                return 0;

        return size;
}

static inline enum pci_bar_type decode_bar(struct resource *res, u32 bar)
{
        if ((bar & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE) == PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) {
                res->flags = bar & ~PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_IO_MASK;
                return pci_bar_io;
        }

        res->flags = bar & ~PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_MASK;

        if (res->flags & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64)
                return pci_bar_mem64;
        return pci_bar_mem32;
}

/**
 * pci_read_base - read a PCI BAR
 * @dev: the PCI device
 * @type: type of the BAR
 * @res: resource buffer to be filled in
 * @pos: BAR position in the config space
 *
 * Returns 1 if the BAR is 64-bit, or 0 if 32-bit.
 */
int __pci_read_base(struct pci_dev *dev, enum pci_bar_type type,
                        struct resource *res, unsigned int pos)
{
        u32 l, sz, mask;

        mask = type ? PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_MASK : ~0;

        res->name = pci_name(dev);

        pci_read_config_dword(dev, pos, &l);
        pci_write_config_dword(dev, pos, l | mask);
        pci_read_config_dword(dev, pos, &sz);
        pci_write_config_dword(dev, pos, l);

        /*
         * All bits set in sz means the device isn't working properly.
         * If the BAR isn't implemented, all bits must be 0.  If it's a
         * memory BAR or a ROM, bit 0 must be clear; if it's an io BAR, bit
         * 1 must be clear.
         */
        if (!sz || sz == 0xffffffff)
                goto fail;

        /*
         * I don't know how l can have all bits set.  Copied from old code.
         * Maybe it fixes a bug on some ancient platform.
         */
        if (l == 0xffffffff)
                l = 0;

        if (type == pci_bar_unknown) {
                type = decode_bar(res, l);
                res->flags |= pci_calc_resource_flags(l) | IORESOURCE_SIZEALIGN;
                if (type == pci_bar_io) {
                        l &= PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_IO_MASK;
                        mask = PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_IO_MASK & IO_SPACE_LIMIT;
                } else {
                        l &= PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_MASK;
                        mask = (u32)PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_MASK;
                }
        } else {
                res->flags |= (l & IORESOURCE_ROM_ENABLE);
                l &= PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_MASK;
                mask = (u32)PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_MASK;
        }

        if (type == pci_bar_mem64) {
                u64 l64 = l;
                u64 sz64 = sz;
                u64 mask64 = mask | (u64)~0 << 32;

                pci_read_config_dword(dev, pos + 4, &l);
                pci_write_config_dword(dev, pos + 4, ~0);
                pci_read_config_dword(dev, pos + 4, &sz);
                pci_write_config_dword(dev, pos + 4, l);

                l64 |= ((u64)l << 32);
                sz64 |= ((u64)sz << 32);

                sz64 = pci_size(l64, sz64, mask64);

                if (!sz64)
                        goto fail;

                if ((sizeof(resource_size_t) < 8) && (sz64 > 0x100000000ULL)) {
                        dev_err(&dev->dev, "can't handle 64-bit BAR\n");
                        goto fail;
                }

                res->flags |= IORESOURCE_MEM_64;
                if ((sizeof(resource_size_t) < 8) && l) {
                        /* Address above 32-bit boundary; disable the BAR */
                        pci_write_config_dword(dev, pos, 0);
                        pci_write_config_dword(dev, pos + 4, 0);
                        res->start = 0;
                        res->end = sz64;
                } else {
                        res->start = l64;
                        res->end = l64 + sz64;
                        dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, &dev->dev, "reg %x: %pR\n",
                                   pos, res);
                }
        } else {
                sz = pci_size(l, sz, mask);

                if (!sz)
                        goto fail;

                res->start = l;
                res->end = l + sz;

                dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, &dev->dev, "reg %x: %pR\n", pos, res);
        }

 out:
        return (type == pci_bar_mem64) ? 1 : 0;
 fail:
        res->flags = 0;
        goto out;
}

static void pci_read_bases(struct pci_dev *dev, unsigned int howmany, int rom)
{
        unsigned int pos, reg;

        for (pos = 0; pos < howmany; pos++) {
                struct resource *res = &dev->resource[pos];
                reg = PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + (pos << 2);
                pos += __pci_read_base(dev, pci_bar_unknown, res, reg);
        }

        if (rom) {
                struct resource *res = &dev->resource[PCI_ROM_RESOURCE];
                dev->rom_base_reg = rom;
                res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_PREFETCH |
                                IORESOURCE_READONLY | IORESOURCE_CACHEABLE |
                                IORESOURCE_SIZEALIGN;
                __pci_read_base(dev, pci_bar_mem32, res, rom);
        }
}

void __devinit pci_read_bridge_bases(struct pci_bus *child)
{
        struct pci_dev *dev = child->self;
        u8 io_base_lo, io_limit_lo;
        u16 mem_base_lo, mem_limit_lo;
        unsigned long base, limit;
        struct resource *res;
        int i;

        if (pci_is_root_bus(child))     /* It's a host bus, nothing to read */
                return;

        if (dev->transparent) {
                dev_info(&dev->dev, "transparent bridge\n");
                for(i = 3; i < PCI_BUS_NUM_RESOURCES; i++)
                        child->resource[i] = child->parent->resource[i - 3];
        }

        res = child->resource[0];
        pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_IO_BASE, &io_base_lo);
        pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_IO_LIMIT, &io_limit_lo);
        base = (io_base_lo & PCI_IO_RANGE_MASK) << 8;
        limit = (io_limit_lo & PCI_IO_RANGE_MASK) << 8;

        if ((io_base_lo & PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_MASK) == PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_32) {
                u16 io_base_hi, io_limit_hi;
                pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_IO_BASE_UPPER16, &io_base_hi);
                pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_IO_LIMIT_UPPER16, &io_limit_hi);
                base |= (io_base_hi << 16);
                limit |= (io_limit_hi << 16);
        }

        if (base <= limit) {
                res->flags = (io_base_lo & PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_MASK) | IORESOURCE_IO;
                if (!res->start)
                        res->start = base;
                if (!res->end)
                        res->end = limit + 0xfff;
                dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, &dev->dev, "  bridge window %pR\n", res);
        }

        res = child->resource[1];
        pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_MEMORY_BASE, &mem_base_lo);
        pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_MEMORY_LIMIT, &mem_limit_lo);
        base = (mem_base_lo & PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_MASK) << 16;
        limit = (mem_limit_lo & PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_MASK) << 16;
        if (base <= limit) {
                res->flags = (mem_base_lo & PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_TYPE_MASK) | IORESOURCE_MEM;
                res->start = base;
                res->end = limit + 0xfffff;
                dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, &dev->dev, "  bridge window %pR\n", res);
        }

        res = child->resource[2];
        pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE, &mem_base_lo);
        pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT, &mem_limit_lo);
        base = (mem_base_lo & PCI_PREF_RANGE_MASK) << 16;
        limit = (mem_limit_lo & PCI_PREF_RANGE_MASK) << 16;

        if ((mem_base_lo & PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_MASK) == PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_64) {
                u32 mem_base_hi, mem_limit_hi;
                pci_read_config_dword(dev, PCI_PREF_BASE_UPPER32, &mem_base_hi);
                pci_read_config_dword(dev, PCI_PREF_LIMIT_UPPER32, &mem_limit_hi);

                /*
                 * Some bridges set the base > limit by default, and some
                 * (broken) BIOSes do not initialize them.  If we find
                 * this, just assume they are not being used.
                 */
                if (mem_base_hi <= mem_limit_hi) {
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64
                        base |= ((long) mem_base_hi) << 32;
                        limit |= ((long) mem_limit_hi) << 32;
#else
                        if (mem_base_hi || mem_limit_hi) {
                                dev_err(&dev->dev, "can't handle 64-bit "
                                        "address space for bridge\n");
                                return;
                        }
#endif
                }
        }
        if (base <= limit) {
                res->flags = (mem_base_lo & PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_MASK) |
                                         IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_PREFETCH;
                if (res->flags & PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_64)
                        res->flags |= IORESOURCE_MEM_64;
                res->start = base;
                res->end = limit + 0xfffff;
                dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, &dev->dev, "  bridge window %pR\n", res);
        }
}

static struct pci_bus * pci_alloc_bus(void)
{
        struct pci_bus *b;

        b = kzalloc(sizeof(*b), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (b) {
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&b->node);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&b->children);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&b->devices);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&b->slots);
        }
        return b;
}

static struct pci_bus *pci_alloc_child_bus(struct pci_bus *parent,
                                           struct pci_dev *bridge, int busnr)
{
        struct pci_bus *child;
        int i;

        /*
         * Allocate a new bus, and inherit stuff from the parent..
         */
        child = pci_alloc_bus();
        if (!child)
                return NULL;

        child->parent = parent;
        child->ops = parent->ops;
        child->sysdata = parent->sysdata;
        child->bus_flags = parent->bus_flags;

        /* initialize some portions of the bus device, but don't register it
         * now as the parent is not properly set up yet.  This device will get
         * registered later in pci_bus_add_devices()
         */
        child->dev.class = &pcibus_class;
        dev_set_name(&child->dev, "%04x:%02x", pci_domain_nr(child), busnr);

        /*
         * Set up the primary, secondary and subordinate
         * bus numbers.
         */
        child->number = child->secondary = busnr;
        child->primary = parent->secondary;
        child->subordinate = 0xff;

        if (!bridge)
                return child;

        child->self = bridge;
        child->bridge = get_device(&bridge->dev);

        /* Set up default resource pointers and names.. */
        for (i = 0; i < PCI_BRIDGE_RESOURCE_NUM; i++) {
                child->resource[i] = &bridge->resource[PCI_BRIDGE_RESOURCES+i];
                child->resource[i]->name = child->name;
        }
        bridge->subordinate = child;

        return child;
}

struct pci_bus *__ref pci_add_new_bus(struct pci_bus *parent, struct pci_dev *dev, int busnr)
{
        struct pci_bus *child;

        child = pci_alloc_child_bus(parent, dev, busnr);
        if (child) {
                down_write(&pci_bus_sem);
                list_add_tail(&child->node, &parent->children);
                up_write(&pci_bus_sem);
        }
        return child;
}

static void pci_fixup_parent_subordinate_busnr(struct pci_bus *child, int max)
{
        struct pci_bus *parent = child->parent;

        /* Attempts to fix that up are really dangerous unless
           we're going to re-assign all bus numbers. */
        if (!pcibios_assign_all_busses())
                return;

        while (parent->parent && parent->subordinate < max) {
                parent->subordinate = max;
                pci_write_config_byte(parent->self, PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS, max);
                parent = parent->parent;
        }
}

/*
 * If it's a bridge, configure it and scan the bus behind it.
 * For CardBus bridges, we don't scan behind as the devices will
 * be handled by the bridge driver itself.
 *
 * We need to process bridges in two passes -- first we scan those
 * already configured by the BIOS and after we are done with all of
 * them, we proceed to assigning numbers to the remaining buses in
 * order to avoid overlaps between old and new bus numbers.
 */
int __devinit pci_scan_bridge(struct pci_bus *bus, struct pci_dev *dev, int max, int pass)
{
        struct pci_bus *child;
        int is_cardbus = (dev->hdr_type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_CARDBUS);
        u32 buses, i, j = 0;
        u16 bctl;
        int broken = 0;

        pci_read_config_dword(dev, PCI_PRIMARY_BUS, &buses);

        dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "scanning behind bridge, config %06x, pass %d\n",
                buses & 0xffffff, pass);

        /* Check if setup is sensible at all */
        if (!pass &&
            ((buses & 0xff) != bus->number || ((buses >> 8) & 0xff) <= bus->number)) {
                dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "bus configuration invalid, reconfiguring\n");
                broken = 1;
        }

        /* Disable MasterAbortMode during probing to avoid reporting
           of bus errors (in some architectures) */ 
        pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL, &bctl);
        pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
                              bctl & ~PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_MASTER_ABORT);

        if ((buses & 0xffff00) && !pcibios_assign_all_busses() && !is_cardbus && !broken) {
                unsigned int cmax, busnr;
                /*
                 * Bus already configured by firmware, process it in the first
                 * pass and just note the configuration.
                 */
                if (pass)
                        goto out;
                busnr = (buses >> 8) & 0xFF;

                /*
                 * If we already got to this bus through a different bridge,
                 * don't re-add it. This can happen with the i450NX chipset.
                 *
                 * However, we continue to descend down the hierarchy and
                 * scan remaining child buses.
                 */
                child = pci_find_bus(pci_domain_nr(bus), busnr);
                if (!child) {
                        child = pci_add_new_bus(bus, dev, busnr);
                        if (!child)
                                goto out;
                        child->primary = buses & 0xFF;
                        child->subordinate = (buses >> 16) & 0xFF;
                        child->bridge_ctl = bctl;
                }

                cmax = pci_scan_child_bus(child);
                if (cmax > max)
                        max = cmax;
                if (child->subordinate > max)
                        max = child->subordinate;
        } else {
                /*
                 * We need to assign a number to this bus which we always
                 * do in the second pass.
                 */
                if (!pass) {
                        if (pcibios_assign_all_busses() || broken)
                                /* Temporarily disable forwarding of the
                                   configuration cycles on all bridges in
                                   this bus segment to avoid possible
                                   conflicts in the second pass between two
                                   bridges programmed with overlapping
                                   bus ranges. */
                                pci_write_config_dword(dev, PCI_PRIMARY_BUS,
                                                       buses & ~0xffffff);
                        goto out;
                }

                /* Clear errors */
                pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_STATUS, 0xffff);

                /* Prevent assigning a bus number that already exists.
                 * This can happen when a bridge is hot-plugged */
                if (pci_find_bus(pci_domain_nr(bus), max+1))
                        goto out;
                child = pci_add_new_bus(bus, dev, ++max);
                buses = (buses & 0xff000000)
                      | ((unsigned int)(child->primary)     <<  0)
                      | ((unsigned int)(child->secondary)   <<  8)
                      | ((unsigned int)(child->subordinate) << 16);

                /*
                 * yenta.c forces a secondary latency timer of 176.
                 * Copy that behaviour here.
                 */
                if (is_cardbus) {
                        buses &= ~0xff000000;
                        buses |= CARDBUS_LATENCY_TIMER << 24;
                }
                        
                /*
                 * We need to blast all three values with a single write.
                 */
                pci_write_config_dword(dev, PCI_PRIMARY_BUS, buses);

                if (!is_cardbus) {
                        child->bridge_ctl = bctl;
                        /*
                         * Adjust subordinate busnr in parent buses.
                         * We do this before scanning for children because
                         * some devices may not be detected if the bios
                         * was lazy.
                         */
                        pci_fixup_parent_subordinate_busnr(child, max);
                        /* Now we can scan all subordinate buses... */
                        max = pci_scan_child_bus(child);
                        /*
                         * now fix it up again since we have found
                         * the real value of max.
                         */
                        pci_fixup_parent_subordinate_busnr(child, max);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * For CardBus bridges, we leave 4 bus numbers
                         * as cards with a PCI-to-PCI bridge can be
                         * inserted later.
                         */
                        for (i=0; i<CARDBUS_RESERVE_BUSNR; i++) {
                                struct pci_bus *parent = bus;
                                if (pci_find_bus(pci_domain_nr(bus),
                                                        max+i+1))
                                        break;
                                while (parent->parent) {
                                        if ((!pcibios_assign_all_busses()) &&
                                            (parent->subordinate > max) &&
                                            (parent->subordinate <= max+i)) {
                                                j = 1;
                                        }
                                        parent = parent->parent;
                                }
                                if (j) {
                                        /*
                                         * Often, there are two cardbus bridges
                                         * -- try to leave one valid bus number
                                         * for each one.
                                         */
                                        i /= 2;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        max += i;
                        pci_fixup_parent_subordinate_busnr(child, max);
                }
                /*
                 * Set the subordinate bus number to its real value.
                 */
                child->subordinate = max;
                pci_write_config_byte(dev, PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS, max);
        }

        sprintf(child->name,
                (is_cardbus ? "PCI CardBus %04x:%02x" : "PCI Bus %04x:%02x"),
                pci_domain_nr(bus), child->number);

        /* Has only triggered on CardBus, fixup is in yenta_socket */
        while (bus->parent) {
                if ((child->subordinate > bus->subordinate) ||
                    (child->number > bus->subordinate) ||
                    (child->number < bus->number) ||
                    (child->subordinate < bus->number)) {
                        pr_debug("PCI: Bus #%02x (-#%02x) is %s "
                                "hidden behind%s bridge #%02x (-#%02x)\n",
                                child->number, child->subordinate,
                                (bus->number > child->subordinate &&
                                 bus->subordinate < child->number) ?
                                        "wholly" : "partially",
                                bus->self->transparent ? " transparent" : "",
                                bus->number, bus->subordinate);
                }
                bus = bus->parent;
        }

out:
        pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL, bctl);

        return max;
}

/*
 * Read interrupt line and base address registers.
 * The architecture-dependent code can tweak these, of course.
 */
static void pci_read_irq(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
        unsigned char irq;

        pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, &irq);
        dev->pin = irq;
        if (irq)
                pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE, &irq);
        dev->irq = irq;
}

static void set_pcie_port_type(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
        int pos;
        u16 reg16;

        pos = pci_find_capability(pdev, PCI_CAP_ID_EXP);
        if (!pos)
                return;
        pdev->is_pcie = 1;
        pci_read_config_word(pdev, pos + PCI_EXP_FLAGS, &reg16);
        pdev->pcie_type = (reg16 & PCI_EXP_FLAGS_TYPE) >> 4;
}

static void set_pcie_hotplug_bridge(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
        int pos;
        u16 reg16;
        u32 reg32;

        pos = pci_find_capability(pdev, PCI_CAP_ID_EXP);
        if (!pos)
                return;
        pci_read_config_word(pdev, pos + PCI_EXP_FLAGS, &reg16);
        if (!(reg16 & PCI_EXP_FLAGS_SLOT))
                return;
        pci_read_config_dword(pdev, pos + PCI_EXP_SLTCAP, &reg32);
        if (reg32 & PCI_EXP_SLTCAP_HPC)
                pdev->is_hotplug_bridge = 1;
}

static void set_pci_aer_firmware_first(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
        if (acpi_hest_firmware_first_pci(pdev))
                pdev->aer_firmware_first = 1;
}

#define LEGACY_IO_RESOURCE      (IORESOURCE_IO | IORESOURCE_PCI_FIXED)

/**
 * pci_setup_device - fill in class and map information of a device
 * @dev: the device structure to fill
 *
 * Initialize the device structure with information about the device's 
 * vendor,class,memory and IO-space addresses,IRQ lines etc.
 * Called at initialisation of the PCI subsystem and by CardBus services.
 * Returns 0 on success and negative if unknown type of device (not normal,
 * bridge or CardBus).
 */
int pci_setup_device(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
        u32 class;
        u8 hdr_type;
        struct pci_slot *slot;
        int pos = 0;

        if (pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_HEADER_TYPE, &hdr_type))
                return -EIO;

        dev->sysdata = dev->bus->sysdata;
        dev->dev.parent = dev->bus->bridge;
        dev->dev.bus = &pci_bus_type;
        dev->hdr_type = hdr_type & 0x7f;
        dev->multifunction = !!(hdr_type & 0x80);
        dev->error_state = pci_channel_io_normal;
        set_pcie_port_type(dev);
        set_pci_aer_firmware_first(dev);

        list_for_each_entry(slot, &dev->bus->slots, list)
                if (PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn) == slot->number)
                        dev->slot = slot;

        /* Assume 32-bit PCI; let 64-bit PCI cards (which are far rarer)
           set this higher, assuming the system even supports it.  */
        dev->dma_mask = 0xffffffff;

        dev_set_name(&dev->dev, "%04x:%02x:%02x.%d", pci_domain_nr(dev->bus),
                     dev->bus->number, PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn),
                     PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn));

        pci_read_config_dword(dev, PCI_CLASS_REVISION, &class);
        dev->revision = class & 0xff;
        class >>= 8;                                /* upper 3 bytes */
        dev->class = class;
        class >>= 8;

        dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "found [%04x:%04x] class %06x header type %02x\n",
                 dev->vendor, dev->device, class, dev->hdr_type);

        /* need to have dev->class ready */
        dev->cfg_size = pci_cfg_space_size(dev);

        /* "Unknown power state" */
        dev->current_state = PCI_UNKNOWN;

        /* Early fixups, before probing the BARs */
        pci_fixup_device(pci_fixup_early, dev);
        /* device class may be changed after fixup */
        class = dev->class >> 8;

        switch (dev->hdr_type) {                    /* header type */
        case PCI_HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL:                /* standard header */
                if (class == PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_PCI)
                        goto bad;
                pci_read_irq(dev);
                pci_read_bases(dev, 6, PCI_ROM_ADDRESS);
                pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID, &dev->subsystem_vendor);
                pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID, &dev->subsystem_device);

                /*
                 *      Do the ugly legacy mode stuff here rather than broken chip
                 *      quirk code. Legacy mode ATA controllers have fixed
                 *      addresses. These are not always echoed in BAR0-3, and
                 *      BAR0-3 in a few cases contain junk!
                 */
                if (class == PCI_CLASS_STORAGE_IDE) {
                        u8 progif;
                        pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_CLASS_PROG, &progif);
                        if ((progif & 1) == 0) {
                                dev->resource[0].start = 0x1F0;
                                dev->resource[0].end = 0x1F7;
                                dev->resource[0].flags = LEGACY_IO_RESOURCE;
                                dev->resource[1].start = 0x3F6;
                                dev->resource[1].end = 0x3F6;
                                dev->resource[1].flags = LEGACY_IO_RESOURCE;
                        }
                        if ((progif & 4) == 0) {
                                dev->resource[2].start = 0x170;
                                dev->resource[2].end = 0x177;
                                dev->resource[2].flags = LEGACY_IO_RESOURCE;
                                dev->resource[3].start = 0x376;
                                dev->resource[3].end = 0x376;
                                dev->resource[3].flags = LEGACY_IO_RESOURCE;
                        }
                }
                break;

        case PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE:                /* bridge header */
                if (class != PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_PCI)
                        goto bad;
                /* The PCI-to-PCI bridge spec requires that subtractive
                   decoding (i.e. transparent) bridge must have programming
                   interface code of 0x01. */ 
                pci_read_irq(dev);
                dev->transparent = ((dev->class & 0xff) == 1);
                pci_read_bases(dev, 2, PCI_ROM_ADDRESS1);
                set_pcie_hotplug_bridge(dev);
                pos = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_SSVID);
                if (pos) {
                        pci_read_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_SSVID_VENDOR_ID, &dev->subsystem_vendor);
                        pci_read_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_SSVID_DEVICE_ID, &dev->subsystem_device);
                }
                break;

        case PCI_HEADER_TYPE_CARDBUS:               /* CardBus bridge header */
                if (class != PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_CARDBUS)
                        goto bad;
                pci_read_irq(dev);
                pci_read_bases(dev, 1, 0);
                pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_CB_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID, &dev->subsystem_vendor);
                pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_CB_SUBSYSTEM_ID, &dev->subsystem_device);
                break;

        default:                                    /* unknown header */
                dev_err(&dev->dev, "unknown header type %02x, "
                        "ignoring device\n", dev->hdr_type);
                return -EIO;

        bad:
                dev_err(&dev->dev, "ignoring class %02x (doesn't match header "
                        "type %02x)\n", class, dev->hdr_type);
                dev->class = PCI_CLASS_NOT_DEFINED;
        }

        /* We found a fine healthy device, go go go... */
        return 0;
}

static void pci_release_capabilities(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
        pci_vpd_release(dev);
        pci_iov_release(dev);
}

/**
 * pci_release_dev - free a pci device structure when all users of it are finished.
 * @dev: device that's been disconnected
 *
 * Will be called only by the device core when all users of this pci device are
 * done.
 */
static void pci_release_dev(struct device *dev)
{
        struct pci_dev *pci_dev;

        pci_dev = to_pci_dev(dev);
        pci_release_capabilities(pci_dev);
        kfree(pci_dev);
}

/**
 * pci_cfg_space_size - get the configuration space size of the PCI device.
 * @dev: PCI device
 *
 * Regular PCI devices have 256 bytes, but PCI-X 2 and PCI Express devices
 * have 4096 bytes.  Even if the device is capable, that doesn't mean we can
 * access it.  Maybe we don't have a way to generate extended config space
 * accesses, or the device is behind a reverse Express bridge.  So we try
 * reading the dword at 0x100 which must either be 0 or a valid extended
 * capability header.
 */
int pci_cfg_space_size_ext(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
        u32 status;
        int pos = PCI_CFG_SPACE_SIZE;

        if (pci_read_config_dword(dev, pos, &status) != PCIBIOS_SUCCESSFUL)
                goto fail;
        if (status == 0xffffffff)
                goto fail;

        return PCI_CFG_SPACE_EXP_SIZE;

 fail:
        return PCI_CFG_SPACE_SIZE;
}

int pci_cfg_space_size(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
        int pos;
        u32 status;
        u16 class;

        class = dev->class >> 8;
        if (class == PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_HOST)
                return pci_cfg_space_size_ext(dev);

        pos = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_EXP);
        if (!pos) {
                pos = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_PCIX);
                if (!pos)
                        goto fail;

                pci_read_config_dword(dev, pos + PCI_X_STATUS, &status);
                if (!(status & (PCI_X_STATUS_266MHZ | PCI_X_STATUS_533MHZ)))
                        goto fail;
        }

        return pci_cfg_space_size_ext(dev);

 fail:
        return PCI_CFG_SPACE_SIZE;
}

static void pci_release_bus_bridge_dev(struct device *dev)
{
        kfree(dev);
}

struct pci_dev *alloc_pci_dev(void)
{
        struct pci_dev *dev;

        dev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct pci_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!dev)
                return NULL;

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->bus_list);

        return dev;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_pci_dev);

/*
 * Read the config data for a PCI device, sanity-check it
 * and fill in the dev structure...
 */
static struct pci_dev *pci_scan_device(struct pci_bus *bus, int devfn)
{
        struct pci_dev *dev;
        u32 l;
        int delay = 1;

        if (pci_bus_read_config_dword(bus, devfn, PCI_VENDOR_ID, &l))
                return NULL;

        /* some broken boards return 0 or ~0 if a slot is empty: */
        if (l == 0xffffffff || l == 0x00000000 ||
            l == 0x0000ffff || l == 0xffff0000)
                return NULL;

        /* Configuration request Retry Status */
        while (l == 0xffff0001) {
                msleep(delay);
                delay *= 2;
                if (pci_bus_read_config_dword(bus, devfn, PCI_VENDOR_ID, &l))
                        return NULL;
                /* Card hasn't responded in 60 seconds?  Must be stuck. */
                if (delay > 60 * 1000) {
                        printk(KERN_WARNING "pci %04x:%02x:%02x.%d: not "
                                        "responding\n", pci_domain_nr(bus),
                                        bus->number, PCI_SLOT(devfn),
                                        PCI_FUNC(devfn));
                        return NULL;
                }
        }

        dev = alloc_pci_dev();
        if (!dev)
                return NULL;

        dev->bus = bus;
        dev->devfn = devfn;
        dev->vendor = l & 0xffff;
        dev->device = (l >> 16) & 0xffff;

        if (pci_setup_device(dev)) {
                kfree(dev);
                return NULL;
        }

        return dev;
}

static void pci_init_capabilities(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
        /* MSI/MSI-X list */
        pci_msi_init_pci_dev(dev);

        /* Buffers for saving PCIe and PCI-X capabilities */
        pci_allocate_cap_save_buffers(dev);

        /* Power Management */
        pci_pm_init(dev);
        platform_pci_wakeup_init(dev);

        /* Vital Product Data */
        pci_vpd_pci22_init(dev);

        /* Alternative Routing-ID Forwarding */
        pci_enable_ari(dev);

        /* Single Root I/O Virtualization */
        pci_iov_init(dev);

        /* Enable ACS P2P upstream forwarding */
        if (iommu_found() || xen_initial_domain())
                pci_enable_acs(dev);
}

void pci_device_add(struct pci_dev *dev, struct pci_bus *bus)
{
        device_initialize(&dev->dev);
        dev->dev.release = pci_release_dev;
        pci_dev_get(dev);

        dev->dev.dma_mask = &dev->dma_mask;
        dev->dev.dma_parms = &dev->dma_parms;
        dev->dev.coherent_dma_mask = 0xffffffffull;

        pci_set_dma_max_seg_size(dev, 65536);
        pci_set_dma_seg_boundary(dev, 0xffffffff);

        /* Fix up broken headers */
        pci_fixup_device(pci_fixup_header, dev);

        /* Clear the state_saved flag. */
        dev->state_saved = false;

        /* Initialize various capabilities */
        pci_init_capabilities(dev);

        /*
         * Add the device to our list of discovered devices
         * and the bus list for fixup functions, etc.
         */
        down_write(&pci_bus_sem);
        list_add_tail(&dev->bus_list, &bus->devices);
        up_write(&pci_bus_sem);
}

struct pci_dev *__ref pci_scan_single_device(struct pci_bus *bus, int devfn)
{
        struct pci_dev *dev;

        dev = pci_get_slot(bus, devfn);
        if (dev) {
                pci_dev_put(dev);
                return dev;
        }

        dev = pci_scan_device(bus, devfn);
        if (!dev)
                return NULL;

        pci_device_add(dev, bus);

        return dev;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_scan_single_device);

/**
 * pci_scan_slot - scan a PCI slot on a bus for devices.
 * @bus: PCI bus to scan
 * @devfn: slot number to scan (must have zero function.)
 *
 * Scan a PCI slot on the specified PCI bus for devices, adding
 * discovered devices to the @bus->devices list.  New devices
 * will not have is_added set.
 *
 * Returns the number of new devices found.
 */
int pci_scan_slot(struct pci_bus *bus, int devfn)
{
        int fn, nr = 0;
        struct pci_dev *dev;

        dev = pci_scan_single_device(bus, devfn);
        if (dev && !dev->is_added)      /* new device? */
                nr++;

        if (dev && dev->multifunction) {
                for (fn = 1; fn < 8; fn++) {
                        dev = pci_scan_single_device(bus, devfn + fn);
                        if (dev) {
                                if (!dev->is_added)
                                        nr++;
                                dev->multifunction = 1;
                        }
                }
        }

        /* only one slot has pcie device */
        if (bus->self && nr)
                pcie_aspm_init_link_state(bus->self);

        return nr;
}

unsigned int __devinit pci_scan_child_bus(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
        unsigned int devfn, pass, max = bus->secondary;
        struct pci_dev *dev;

        pr_debug("PCI: Scanning bus %04x:%02x\n", pci_domain_nr(bus), bus->number);

        /* Go find them, Rover! */
        for (devfn = 0; devfn < 0x100; devfn += 8)
                pci_scan_slot(bus, devfn);

        /* Reserve buses for SR-IOV capability. */
        max += pci_iov_bus_range(bus);

        /*
         * After performing arch-dependent fixup of the bus, look behind
         * all PCI-to-PCI bridges on this bus.
         */
        if (!bus->is_added) {
                pr_debug("PCI: Fixups for bus %04x:%02x\n",
                         pci_domain_nr(bus), bus->number);
                pcibios_fixup_bus(bus);
                if (pci_is_root_bus(bus))
                        bus->is_added = 1;
        }

        for (pass=0; pass < 2; pass++)
                list_for_each_entry(dev, &bus->devices, bus_list) {
                        if (dev->hdr_type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE ||
                            dev->hdr_type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_CARDBUS)
                                max = pci_scan_bridge(bus, dev, max, pass);
                }

        /*
         * We've scanned the bus and so we know all about what's on
         * the other side of any bridges that may be on this bus plus
         * any devices.
         *
         * Return how far we've got finding sub-buses.
         */
        pr_debug("PCI: Bus scan for %04x:%02x returning with max=%02x\n",
                pci_domain_nr(bus), bus->number, max);
        return max;
}

struct pci_bus * pci_create_bus(struct device *parent,
                int bus, struct pci_ops *ops, void *sysdata)
{
        int error;
        struct pci_bus *b;
        struct device *dev;

        b = pci_alloc_bus();
        if (!b)
                return NULL;

        dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!dev){
                kfree(b);
                return NULL;
        }

        b->sysdata = sysdata;
        b->ops = ops;

        if (pci_find_bus(pci_domain_nr(b), bus)) {
                /* If we already got to this bus through a different bridge, ignore it */
                pr_debug("PCI: Bus %04x:%02x already known\n", pci_domain_nr(b), bus);
                goto err_out;
        }

        down_write(&pci_bus_sem);
        list_add_tail(&b->node, &pci_root_buses);
        up_write(&pci_bus_sem);

        dev->parent = parent;
        dev->release = pci_release_bus_bridge_dev;
        dev_set_name(dev, "pci%04x:%02x", pci_domain_nr(b), bus);
        error = device_register(dev);
        if (error)
                goto dev_reg_err;
        b->bridge = get_device(dev);

        if (!parent)
                set_dev_node(b->bridge, pcibus_to_node(b));

        b->dev.class = &pcibus_class;
        b->dev.parent = b->bridge;
        dev_set_name(&b->dev, "%04x:%02x", pci_domain_nr(b), bus);
        error = device_register(&b->dev);
        if (error)
                goto class_dev_reg_err;
        error = device_create_file(&b->dev, &dev_attr_cpuaffinity);
        if (error)
                goto dev_create_file_err;

        /* Create legacy_io and legacy_mem files for this bus */
        pci_create_legacy_files(b);

        b->number = b->secondary = bus;
        b->resource[0] = &ioport_resource;
        b->resource[1] = &iomem_resource;

        return b;

dev_create_file_err:
        device_unregister(&b->dev);
class_dev_reg_err:
        device_unregister(dev);
dev_reg_err:
        down_write(&pci_bus_sem);
        list_del(&b->node);
        up_write(&pci_bus_sem);
err_out:
        kfree(dev);
        kfree(b);
        return NULL;
}

struct pci_bus * __devinit pci_scan_bus_parented(struct device *parent,
                int bus, struct pci_ops *ops, void *sysdata)
{
        struct pci_bus *b;

        b = pci_create_bus(parent, bus, ops, sysdata);
        if (b)
                b->subordinate = pci_scan_child_bus(b);
        return b;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_scan_bus_parented);

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG
/**
 * pci_rescan_bus - scan a PCI bus for devices.
 * @bus: PCI bus to scan
 *
 * Scan a PCI bus and child buses for new devices, adds them,
 * and enables them.
 *
 * Returns the max number of subordinate bus discovered.
 */
unsigned int __ref pci_rescan_bus(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
        unsigned int max;
        struct pci_dev *dev;

        max = pci_scan_child_bus(bus);

        down_read(&pci_bus_sem);
        list_for_each_entry(dev, &bus->devices, bus_list)
                if (dev->hdr_type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE ||
                    dev->hdr_type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_CARDBUS)
                        if (dev->subordinate)
                                pci_bus_size_bridges(dev->subordinate);
        up_read(&pci_bus_sem);

        pci_bus_assign_resources(bus);
        pci_enable_bridges(bus);
        pci_bus_add_devices(bus);

        return max;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_rescan_bus);

EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_add_new_bus);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_scan_slot);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_scan_bridge);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_scan_child_bus);
#endif

static int __init pci_sort_bf_cmp(const struct device *d_a, const struct device *d_b)
{
        const struct pci_dev *a = to_pci_dev(d_a);
        const struct pci_dev *b = to_pci_dev(d_b);

        if      (pci_domain_nr(a->bus) < pci_domain_nr(b->bus)) return -1;
        else if (pci_domain_nr(a->bus) > pci_domain_nr(b->bus)) return  1;

        if      (a->bus->number < b->bus->number) return -1;
        else if (a->bus->number > b->bus->number) return  1;

        if      (a->devfn < b->devfn) return -1;
        else if (a->devfn > b->devfn) return  1;

        return 0;
}

void __init pci_sort_breadthfirst(void)
{
        bus_sort_breadthfirst(&pci_bus_type, &pci_sort_bf_cmp);
}