Merge remote-tracking branch 'asoc/for-5.8' into asoc-linus

[mirror_ubuntu-jammy-kernel.git] / fs / btrfs / locking.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 */

#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/page-flags.h>
#include <asm/bug.h>
#include "misc.h"
#include "ctree.h"
#include "extent_io.h"
#include "locking.h"

/*
 * Extent buffer locking
 * =====================
 *
 * The locks use a custom scheme that allows to do more operations than are
 * available fromt current locking primitives. The building blocks are still
 * rwlock and wait queues.
 *
 * Required semantics:
 *
 * - reader/writer exclusion
 * - writer/writer exclusion
 * - reader/reader sharing
 * - spinning lock semantics
 * - blocking lock semantics
 * - try-lock semantics for readers and writers
 * - one level nesting, allowing read lock to be taken by the same thread that
 *   already has write lock
 *
 * The extent buffer locks (also called tree locks) manage access to eb data
 * related to the storage in the b-tree (keys, items, but not the individual
 * members of eb).
 * We want concurrency of many readers and safe updates. The underlying locking
 * is done by read-write spinlock and the blocking part is implemented using
 * counters and wait queues.
 *
 * spinning semantics - the low-level rwlock is held so all other threads that
 *                      want to take it are spinning on it.
 *
 * blocking semantics - the low-level rwlock is not held but the counter
 *                      denotes how many times the blocking lock was held;
 *                      sleeping is possible
 *
 * Write lock always allows only one thread to access the data.
 *
 *
 * Debugging
 * ---------
 *
 * There are additional state counters that are asserted in various contexts,
 * removed from non-debug build to reduce extent_buffer size and for
 * performance reasons.
 *
 *
 * Lock nesting
 * ------------
 *
 * A write operation on a tree might indirectly start a look up on the same
 * tree.  This can happen when btrfs_cow_block locks the tree and needs to
 * lookup free extents.
 *
 * btrfs_cow_block
 *   ..
 *   alloc_tree_block_no_bg_flush
 *     btrfs_alloc_tree_block
 *       btrfs_reserve_extent
 *         ..
 *         load_free_space_cache
 *           ..
 *           btrfs_lookup_file_extent
 *             btrfs_search_slot
 *
 *
 * Locking pattern - spinning
 * --------------------------
 *
 * The simple locking scenario, the +--+ denotes the spinning section.
 *
 * +- btrfs_tree_lock
 * | - extent_buffer::rwlock is held
 * | - no heavy operations should happen, eg. IO, memory allocations, large
 * |   structure traversals
 * +- btrfs_tree_unock
*
*
 * Locking pattern - blocking
 * --------------------------
 *
 * The blocking write uses the following scheme.  The +--+ denotes the spinning
 * section.
 *
 * +- btrfs_tree_lock
 * |
 * +- btrfs_set_lock_blocking_write
 *
 *   - allowed: IO, memory allocations, etc.
 *
 * -- btrfs_tree_unlock - note, no explicit unblocking necessary
 *
 *
 * Blocking read is similar.
 *
 * +- btrfs_tree_read_lock
 * |
 * +- btrfs_set_lock_blocking_read
 *
 *  - heavy operations allowed
 *
 * +- btrfs_tree_read_unlock_blocking
 * |
 * +- btrfs_tree_read_unlock
 *
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_BTRFS_DEBUG
static inline void btrfs_assert_spinning_writers_get(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        WARN_ON(eb->spinning_writers);
        eb->spinning_writers++;
}

static inline void btrfs_assert_spinning_writers_put(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        WARN_ON(eb->spinning_writers != 1);
        eb->spinning_writers--;
}

static inline void btrfs_assert_no_spinning_writers(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        WARN_ON(eb->spinning_writers);
}

static inline void btrfs_assert_spinning_readers_get(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        atomic_inc(&eb->spinning_readers);
}

static inline void btrfs_assert_spinning_readers_put(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        WARN_ON(atomic_read(&eb->spinning_readers) == 0);
        atomic_dec(&eb->spinning_readers);
}

static inline void btrfs_assert_tree_read_locks_get(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        atomic_inc(&eb->read_locks);
}

static inline void btrfs_assert_tree_read_locks_put(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        atomic_dec(&eb->read_locks);
}

static inline void btrfs_assert_tree_read_locked(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        BUG_ON(!atomic_read(&eb->read_locks));
}

static inline void btrfs_assert_tree_write_locks_get(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        eb->write_locks++;
}

static inline void btrfs_assert_tree_write_locks_put(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        eb->write_locks--;
}

#else
static void btrfs_assert_spinning_writers_get(struct extent_buffer *eb) { }
static void btrfs_assert_spinning_writers_put(struct extent_buffer *eb) { }
static void btrfs_assert_no_spinning_writers(struct extent_buffer *eb) { }
static void btrfs_assert_spinning_readers_put(struct extent_buffer *eb) { }
static void btrfs_assert_spinning_readers_get(struct extent_buffer *eb) { }
static void btrfs_assert_tree_read_locked(struct extent_buffer *eb) { }
static void btrfs_assert_tree_read_locks_get(struct extent_buffer *eb) { }
static void btrfs_assert_tree_read_locks_put(struct extent_buffer *eb) { }
static void btrfs_assert_tree_write_locks_get(struct extent_buffer *eb) { }
static void btrfs_assert_tree_write_locks_put(struct extent_buffer *eb) { }
#endif

/*
 * Mark already held read lock as blocking. Can be nested in write lock by the
 * same thread.
 *
 * Use when there are potentially long operations ahead so other thread waiting
 * on the lock will not actively spin but sleep instead.
 *
 * The rwlock is released and blocking reader counter is increased.
 */
void btrfs_set_lock_blocking_read(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        trace_btrfs_set_lock_blocking_read(eb);
        /*
         * No lock is required.  The lock owner may change if we have a read
         * lock, but it won't change to or away from us.  If we have the write
         * lock, we are the owner and it'll never change.
         */
        if (eb->lock_nested && current->pid == eb->lock_owner)
                return;
        btrfs_assert_tree_read_locked(eb);
        atomic_inc(&eb->blocking_readers);
        btrfs_assert_spinning_readers_put(eb);
        read_unlock(&eb->lock);
}

/*
 * Mark already held write lock as blocking.
 *
 * Use when there are potentially long operations ahead so other threads
 * waiting on the lock will not actively spin but sleep instead.
 *
 * The rwlock is released and blocking writers is set.
 */
void btrfs_set_lock_blocking_write(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        trace_btrfs_set_lock_blocking_write(eb);
        /*
         * No lock is required.  The lock owner may change if we have a read
         * lock, but it won't change to or away from us.  If we have the write
         * lock, we are the owner and it'll never change.
         */
        if (eb->lock_nested && current->pid == eb->lock_owner)
                return;
        if (eb->blocking_writers == 0) {
                btrfs_assert_spinning_writers_put(eb);
                btrfs_assert_tree_locked(eb);
                WRITE_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers, 1);
                write_unlock(&eb->lock);
        }
}

/*
 * Lock the extent buffer for read. Wait for any writers (spinning or blocking).
 * Can be nested in write lock by the same thread.
 *
 * Use when the locked section does only lightweight actions and busy waiting
 * would be cheaper than making other threads do the wait/wake loop.
 *
 * The rwlock is held upon exit.
 */
void btrfs_tree_read_lock(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        u64 start_ns = 0;

        if (trace_btrfs_tree_read_lock_enabled())
                start_ns = ktime_get_ns();
again:
        read_lock(&eb->lock);
        BUG_ON(eb->blocking_writers == 0 &&
               current->pid == eb->lock_owner);
        if (eb->blocking_writers) {
                if (current->pid == eb->lock_owner) {
                        /*
                         * This extent is already write-locked by our thread.
                         * We allow an additional read lock to be added because
                         * it's for the same thread. btrfs_find_all_roots()
                         * depends on this as it may be called on a partly
                         * (write-)locked tree.
                         */
                        BUG_ON(eb->lock_nested);
                        eb->lock_nested = true;
                        read_unlock(&eb->lock);
                        trace_btrfs_tree_read_lock(eb, start_ns);
                        return;
                }
                read_unlock(&eb->lock);
                wait_event(eb->write_lock_wq,
                           READ_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers) == 0);
                goto again;
        }
        btrfs_assert_tree_read_locks_get(eb);
        btrfs_assert_spinning_readers_get(eb);
        trace_btrfs_tree_read_lock(eb, start_ns);
}

/*
 * Lock extent buffer for read, optimistically expecting that there are no
 * contending blocking writers. If there are, don't wait.
 *
 * Return 1 if the rwlock has been taken, 0 otherwise
 */
int btrfs_tree_read_lock_atomic(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        if (READ_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers))
                return 0;

        read_lock(&eb->lock);
        /* Refetch value after lock */
        if (READ_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers)) {
                read_unlock(&eb->lock);
                return 0;
        }
        btrfs_assert_tree_read_locks_get(eb);
        btrfs_assert_spinning_readers_get(eb);
        trace_btrfs_tree_read_lock_atomic(eb);
        return 1;
}

/*
 * Try-lock for read. Don't block or wait for contending writers.
 *
 * Retrun 1 if the rwlock has been taken, 0 otherwise
 */
int btrfs_try_tree_read_lock(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        if (READ_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers))
                return 0;

        if (!read_trylock(&eb->lock))
                return 0;

        /* Refetch value after lock */
        if (READ_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers)) {
                read_unlock(&eb->lock);
                return 0;
        }
        btrfs_assert_tree_read_locks_get(eb);
        btrfs_assert_spinning_readers_get(eb);
        trace_btrfs_try_tree_read_lock(eb);
        return 1;
}

/*
 * Try-lock for write. May block until the lock is uncontended, but does not
 * wait until it is free.
 *
 * Retrun 1 if the rwlock has been taken, 0 otherwise
 */
int btrfs_try_tree_write_lock(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        if (READ_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers) || atomic_read(&eb->blocking_readers))
                return 0;

        write_lock(&eb->lock);
        /* Refetch value after lock */
        if (READ_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers) || atomic_read(&eb->blocking_readers)) {
                write_unlock(&eb->lock);
                return 0;
        }
        btrfs_assert_tree_write_locks_get(eb);
        btrfs_assert_spinning_writers_get(eb);
        eb->lock_owner = current->pid;
        trace_btrfs_try_tree_write_lock(eb);
        return 1;
}

/*
 * Release read lock. Must be used only if the lock is in spinning mode.  If
 * the read lock is nested, must pair with read lock before the write unlock.
 *
 * The rwlock is not held upon exit.
 */
void btrfs_tree_read_unlock(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        trace_btrfs_tree_read_unlock(eb);
        /*
         * if we're nested, we have the write lock.  No new locking
         * is needed as long as we are the lock owner.
         * The write unlock will do a barrier for us, and the lock_nested
         * field only matters to the lock owner.
         */
        if (eb->lock_nested && current->pid == eb->lock_owner) {
                eb->lock_nested = false;
                return;
        }
        btrfs_assert_tree_read_locked(eb);
        btrfs_assert_spinning_readers_put(eb);
        btrfs_assert_tree_read_locks_put(eb);
        read_unlock(&eb->lock);
}

/*
 * Release read lock, previously set to blocking by a pairing call to
 * btrfs_set_lock_blocking_read(). Can be nested in write lock by the same
 * thread.
 *
 * State of rwlock is unchanged, last reader wakes waiting threads.
 */
void btrfs_tree_read_unlock_blocking(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        trace_btrfs_tree_read_unlock_blocking(eb);
        /*
         * if we're nested, we have the write lock.  No new locking
         * is needed as long as we are the lock owner.
         * The write unlock will do a barrier for us, and the lock_nested
         * field only matters to the lock owner.
         */
        if (eb->lock_nested && current->pid == eb->lock_owner) {
                eb->lock_nested = false;
                return;
        }
        btrfs_assert_tree_read_locked(eb);
        WARN_ON(atomic_read(&eb->blocking_readers) == 0);
        /* atomic_dec_and_test implies a barrier */
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&eb->blocking_readers))
                cond_wake_up_nomb(&eb->read_lock_wq);
        btrfs_assert_tree_read_locks_put(eb);
}

/*
 * Lock for write. Wait for all blocking and spinning readers and writers. This
 * starts context where reader lock could be nested by the same thread.
 *
 * The rwlock is held for write upon exit.
 */
void btrfs_tree_lock(struct extent_buffer *eb)
        __acquires(&eb->lock)
{
        u64 start_ns = 0;

        if (trace_btrfs_tree_lock_enabled())
                start_ns = ktime_get_ns();

        WARN_ON(eb->lock_owner == current->pid);
again:
        wait_event(eb->read_lock_wq, atomic_read(&eb->blocking_readers) == 0);
        wait_event(eb->write_lock_wq, READ_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers) == 0);
        write_lock(&eb->lock);
        /* Refetch value after lock */
        if (atomic_read(&eb->blocking_readers) ||
            READ_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers)) {
                write_unlock(&eb->lock);
                goto again;
        }
        btrfs_assert_spinning_writers_get(eb);
        btrfs_assert_tree_write_locks_get(eb);
        eb->lock_owner = current->pid;
        trace_btrfs_tree_lock(eb, start_ns);
}

/*
 * Release the write lock, either blocking or spinning (ie. there's no need
 * for an explicit blocking unlock, like btrfs_tree_read_unlock_blocking).
 * This also ends the context for nesting, the read lock must have been
 * released already.
 *
 * Tasks blocked and waiting are woken, rwlock is not held upon exit.
 */
void btrfs_tree_unlock(struct extent_buffer *eb)
{
        /*
         * This is read both locked and unlocked but always by the same thread
         * that already owns the lock so we don't need to use READ_ONCE
         */
        int blockers = eb->blocking_writers;

        BUG_ON(blockers > 1);

        btrfs_assert_tree_locked(eb);
        trace_btrfs_tree_unlock(eb);
        eb->lock_owner = 0;
        btrfs_assert_tree_write_locks_put(eb);

        if (blockers) {
                btrfs_assert_no_spinning_writers(eb);
                /* Unlocked write */
                WRITE_ONCE(eb->blocking_writers, 0);
                /*
                 * We need to order modifying blocking_writers above with
                 * actually waking up the sleepers to ensure they see the
                 * updated value of blocking_writers
                 */
                cond_wake_up(&eb->write_lock_wq);
        } else {
                btrfs_assert_spinning_writers_put(eb);
                write_unlock(&eb->lock);
        }
}

/*
 * Set all locked nodes in the path to blocking locks.  This should be done
 * before scheduling
 */
void btrfs_set_path_blocking(struct btrfs_path *p)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL; i++) {
                if (!p->nodes[i] || !p->locks[i])
                        continue;
                /*
                 * If we currently have a spinning reader or writer lock this
                 * will bump the count of blocking holders and drop the
                 * spinlock.
                 */
                if (p->locks[i] == BTRFS_READ_LOCK) {
                        btrfs_set_lock_blocking_read(p->nodes[i]);
                        p->locks[i] = BTRFS_READ_LOCK_BLOCKING;
                } else if (p->locks[i] == BTRFS_WRITE_LOCK) {
                        btrfs_set_lock_blocking_write(p->nodes[i]);
                        p->locks[i] = BTRFS_WRITE_LOCK_BLOCKING;
                }
        }
}

/*
 * This releases any locks held in the path starting at level and going all the
 * way up to the root.
 *
 * btrfs_search_slot will keep the lock held on higher nodes in a few corner
 * cases, such as COW of the block at slot zero in the node.  This ignores
 * those rules, and it should only be called when there are no more updates to
 * be done higher up in the tree.
 */
void btrfs_unlock_up_safe(struct btrfs_path *path, int level)
{
        int i;

        if (path->keep_locks)
                return;

        for (i = level; i < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL; i++) {
                if (!path->nodes[i])
                        continue;
                if (!path->locks[i])
                        continue;
                btrfs_tree_unlock_rw(path->nodes[i], path->locks[i]);
                path->locks[i] = 0;
        }
}

/*
 * Loop around taking references on and locking the root node of the tree until
 * we end up with a lock on the root node.
 *
 * Return: root extent buffer with write lock held
 */
struct extent_buffer *btrfs_lock_root_node(struct btrfs_root *root)
{
        struct extent_buffer *eb;

        while (1) {
                eb = btrfs_root_node(root);
                btrfs_tree_lock(eb);
                if (eb == root->node)
                        break;
                btrfs_tree_unlock(eb);
                free_extent_buffer(eb);
        }
        return eb;
}

/*
 * Loop around taking references on and locking the root node of the tree until
 * we end up with a lock on the root node.
 *
 * Return: root extent buffer with read lock held
 */
struct extent_buffer *btrfs_read_lock_root_node(struct btrfs_root *root)
{
        struct extent_buffer *eb;

        while (1) {
                eb = btrfs_root_node(root);
                btrfs_tree_read_lock(eb);
                if (eb == root->node)
                        break;
                btrfs_tree_read_unlock(eb);
                free_extent_buffer(eb);
        }
        return eb;
}

/*
 * DREW locks
 * ==========
 *
 * DREW stands for double-reader-writer-exclusion lock. It's used in situation
 * where you want to provide A-B exclusion but not AA or BB.
 *
 * Currently implementation gives more priority to reader. If a reader and a
 * writer both race to acquire their respective sides of the lock the writer
 * would yield its lock as soon as it detects a concurrent reader. Additionally
 * if there are pending readers no new writers would be allowed to come in and
 * acquire the lock.
 */

int btrfs_drew_lock_init(struct btrfs_drew_lock *lock)
{
        int ret;

        ret = percpu_counter_init(&lock->writers, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        atomic_set(&lock->readers, 0);
        init_waitqueue_head(&lock->pending_readers);
        init_waitqueue_head(&lock->pending_writers);

        return 0;
}

void btrfs_drew_lock_destroy(struct btrfs_drew_lock *lock)
{
        percpu_counter_destroy(&lock->writers);
}

/* Return true if acquisition is successful, false otherwise */
bool btrfs_drew_try_write_lock(struct btrfs_drew_lock *lock)
{
        if (atomic_read(&lock->readers))
                return false;

        percpu_counter_inc(&lock->writers);

        /* Ensure writers count is updated before we check for pending readers */
        smp_mb();
        if (atomic_read(&lock->readers)) {
                btrfs_drew_write_unlock(lock);
                return false;
        }

        return true;
}

void btrfs_drew_write_lock(struct btrfs_drew_lock *lock)
{
        while (true) {
                if (btrfs_drew_try_write_lock(lock))
                        return;
                wait_event(lock->pending_writers, !atomic_read(&lock->readers));
        }
}

void btrfs_drew_write_unlock(struct btrfs_drew_lock *lock)
{
        percpu_counter_dec(&lock->writers);
        cond_wake_up(&lock->pending_readers);
}

void btrfs_drew_read_lock(struct btrfs_drew_lock *lock)
{
        atomic_inc(&lock->readers);

        /*
         * Ensure the pending reader count is perceieved BEFORE this reader
         * goes to sleep in case of active writers. This guarantees new writers
         * won't be allowed and that the current reader will be woken up when
         * the last active writer finishes its jobs.
         */
        smp_mb__after_atomic();

        wait_event(lock->pending_readers,
                   percpu_counter_sum(&lock->writers) == 0);
}

void btrfs_drew_read_unlock(struct btrfs_drew_lock *lock)
{
        /*
         * atomic_dec_and_test implies a full barrier, so woken up writers
         * are guaranteed to see the decrement
         */
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&lock->readers))
                wake_up(&lock->pending_writers);
}