hw/arm/raspi.c

   1 /*
   2  * Raspberry Pi emulation (c) 2012 Gregory Estrade
   3  * Upstreaming code cleanup [including bcm2835_*] (c) 2013 Jan Petrous
   4  *
   5  * Rasperry Pi 2 emulation Copyright (c) 2015, Microsoft
   6  * Written by Andrew Baumann
   7  *
   8  * Raspberry Pi 3 emulation Copyright (c) 2018 Zoltán Baldaszti
   9  * Upstream code cleanup (c) 2018 Pekka Enberg
  10  *
  11  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
  12  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
  13  */
  14
  15 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
  16 #include "qemu/units.h"
  17 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
  18 #include "qapi/error.h"
  19 #include "cpu.h"
  20 #include "hw/arm/bcm2836.h"
  21 #include "hw/registerfields.h"
  22 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
  23 #include "hw/boards.h"
  24 #include "hw/loader.h"
  25 #include "hw/arm/boot.h"
  26 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
  27 #include "qom/object.h"
  28
  29 #define SMPBOOT_ADDR    0x300 /* this should leave enough space for ATAGS */
  30 #define MVBAR_ADDR      0x400 /* secure vectors */
  31 #define BOARDSETUP_ADDR (MVBAR_ADDR + 0x20) /* board setup code */
  32 #define FIRMWARE_ADDR_2 0x8000 /* Pi 2 loads kernel.img here by default */
  33 #define FIRMWARE_ADDR_3 0x80000 /* Pi 3 loads kernel.img here by default */
  34 #define SPINTABLE_ADDR  0xd8 /* Pi 3 bootloader spintable */
  35
  36 /* Registered machine type (matches RPi Foundation bootloader and U-Boot) */
  37 #define MACH_TYPE_BCM2708   3138
  38
  39 struct RaspiMachineState {
  40     /*< private >*/
  41     MachineState parent_obj;
  42     /*< public >*/
  43     BCM283XState soc;
  44     struct arm_boot_info binfo;
  45 };
  46 typedef struct RaspiMachineState RaspiMachineState;
  47
  48 struct RaspiMachineClass {
  49     /*< private >*/
  50     MachineClass parent_obj;
  51     /*< public >*/
  52     uint32_t board_rev;
  53 };
  54 typedef struct RaspiMachineClass RaspiMachineClass;
  55
  56 #define TYPE_RASPI_MACHINE       MACHINE_TYPE_NAME("raspi-common")
  57 DECLARE_OBJ_CHECKERS(RaspiMachineState, RaspiMachineClass,
  58                      RASPI_MACHINE, TYPE_RASPI_MACHINE)
  59
  60
  61 /*
  62  * Board revision codes:
  63  * www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/revision-codes/
  64  */
  65 FIELD(REV_CODE, REVISION,           0, 4);
  66 FIELD(REV_CODE, TYPE,               4, 8);
  67 FIELD(REV_CODE, PROCESSOR,         12, 4);
  68 FIELD(REV_CODE, MANUFACTURER,      16, 4);
  69 FIELD(REV_CODE, MEMORY_SIZE,       20, 3);
  70 FIELD(REV_CODE, STYLE,             23, 1);
  71
  72 typedef enum RaspiProcessorId {
  73     PROCESSOR_ID_BCM2836 = 1,
  74     PROCESSOR_ID_BCM2837 = 2,
  75 } RaspiProcessorId;
  76
  77 static const struct {
  78     const char *type;
  79     int cores_count;
  80 } soc_property[] = {
  81     [PROCESSOR_ID_BCM2836] = {TYPE_BCM2836, BCM283X_NCPUS},
  82     [PROCESSOR_ID_BCM2837] = {TYPE_BCM2837, BCM283X_NCPUS},
  83 };
  84
  85 static uint64_t board_ram_size(uint32_t board_rev)
  86 {
  87     assert(FIELD_EX32(board_rev, REV_CODE, STYLE)); /* Only new style */
  88     return 256 * MiB << FIELD_EX32(board_rev, REV_CODE, MEMORY_SIZE);
  89 }
  90
  91 static RaspiProcessorId board_processor_id(uint32_t board_rev)
  92 {
  93     int proc_id = FIELD_EX32(board_rev, REV_CODE, PROCESSOR);
  94
  95     assert(FIELD_EX32(board_rev, REV_CODE, STYLE)); /* Only new style */
  96     assert(proc_id < ARRAY_SIZE(soc_property) && soc_property[proc_id].type);
  97
  98     return proc_id;
  99 }
 100
 101 static int board_version(uint32_t board_rev)
 102 {
 103     return board_processor_id(board_rev) + 1;
 104 }
 105
 106 static const char *board_soc_type(uint32_t board_rev)
 107 {
 108     return soc_property[board_processor_id(board_rev)].type;
 109 }
 110
 111 static int cores_count(uint32_t board_rev)
 112 {
 113     return soc_property[board_processor_id(board_rev)].cores_count;
 114 }
 115
 116 static const char *board_type(uint32_t board_rev)
 117 {
 118     static const char *types[] = {
 119         "A", "B", "A+", "B+", "2B", "Alpha", "CM1", NULL, "3B", "Zero",
 120         "CM3", NULL, "Zero W", "3B+", "3A+", NULL, "CM3+", "4B",
 121     };
 122     assert(FIELD_EX32(board_rev, REV_CODE, STYLE)); /* Only new style */
 123     int bt = FIELD_EX32(board_rev, REV_CODE, TYPE);
 124     if (bt >= ARRAY_SIZE(types) || !types[bt]) {
 125         return "Unknown";
 126     }
 127     return types[bt];
 128 }
 129
 130 static void write_smpboot(ARMCPU *cpu, const struct arm_boot_info *info)
 131 {
 132     static const uint32_t smpboot[] = {
 133         0xe1a0e00f, /*    mov     lr, pc */
 134         0xe3a0fe00 + (BOARDSETUP_ADDR >> 4), /* mov pc, BOARDSETUP_ADDR */
 135         0xee100fb0, /*    mrc     p15, 0, r0, c0, c0, 5;get core ID */
 136         0xe7e10050, /*    ubfx    r0, r0, #0, #2       ;extract LSB */
 137         0xe59f5014, /*    ldr     r5, =0x400000CC      ;load mbox base */
 138         0xe320f001, /* 1: yield */
 139         0xe7953200, /*    ldr     r3, [r5, r0, lsl #4] ;read mbox for our core*/
 140         0xe3530000, /*    cmp     r3, #0               ;spin while zero */
 141         0x0afffffb, /*    beq     1b */
 142         0xe7853200, /*    str     r3, [r5, r0, lsl #4] ;clear mbox */
 143         0xe12fff13, /*    bx      r3                   ;jump to target */
 144         0x400000cc, /* (constant: mailbox 3 read/clear base) */
 145     };
 146
 147     /* check that we don't overrun board setup vectors */
 148     QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(SMPBOOT_ADDR + sizeof(smpboot) > MVBAR_ADDR);
 149     /* check that board setup address is correctly relocated */
 150     QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON((BOARDSETUP_ADDR & 0xf) != 0
 151                       || (BOARDSETUP_ADDR >> 4) >= 0x100);
 152
 153     rom_add_blob_fixed_as("raspi_smpboot", smpboot, sizeof(smpboot),
 154                           info->smp_loader_start,
 155                           arm_boot_address_space(cpu, info));
 156 }
 157
 158 static void write_smpboot64(ARMCPU *cpu, const struct arm_boot_info *info)
 159 {
 160     AddressSpace *as = arm_boot_address_space(cpu, info);
 161     /* Unlike the AArch32 version we don't need to call the board setup hook.
 162      * The mechanism for doing the spin-table is also entirely different.
 163      * We must have four 64-bit fields at absolute addresses
 164      * 0xd8, 0xe0, 0xe8, 0xf0 in RAM, which are the flag variables for
 165      * our CPUs, and which we must ensure are zero initialized before
 166      * the primary CPU goes into the kernel. We put these variables inside
 167      * a rom blob, so that the reset for ROM contents zeroes them for us.
 168      */
 169     static const uint32_t smpboot[] = {
 170         0xd2801b05, /*        mov     x5, 0xd8 */
 171         0xd53800a6, /*        mrs     x6, mpidr_el1 */
 172         0x924004c6, /*        and     x6, x6, #0x3 */
 173         0xd503205f, /* spin:  wfe */
 174         0xf86678a4, /*        ldr     x4, [x5,x6,lsl #3] */
 175         0xb4ffffc4, /*        cbz     x4, spin */
 176         0xd2800000, /*        mov     x0, #0x0 */
 177         0xd2800001, /*        mov     x1, #0x0 */
 178         0xd2800002, /*        mov     x2, #0x0 */
 179         0xd2800003, /*        mov     x3, #0x0 */
 180         0xd61f0080, /*        br      x4 */
 181     };
 182
 183     static const uint64_t spintables[] = {
 184         0, 0, 0, 0
 185     };
 186
 187     rom_add_blob_fixed_as("raspi_smpboot", smpboot, sizeof(smpboot),
 188                           info->smp_loader_start, as);
 189     rom_add_blob_fixed_as("raspi_spintables", spintables, sizeof(spintables),
 190                           SPINTABLE_ADDR, as);
 191 }
 192
 193 static void write_board_setup(ARMCPU *cpu, const struct arm_boot_info *info)
 194 {
 195     arm_write_secure_board_setup_dummy_smc(cpu, info, MVBAR_ADDR);
 196 }
 197
 198 static void reset_secondary(ARMCPU *cpu, const struct arm_boot_info *info)
 199 {
 200     CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
 201     cpu_set_pc(cs, info->smp_loader_start);
 202 }
 203
 204 static void setup_boot(MachineState *machine, int version, size_t ram_size)
 205 {
 206     RaspiMachineState *s = RASPI_MACHINE(machine);
 207     int r;
 208
 209     s->binfo.board_id = MACH_TYPE_BCM2708;
 210     s->binfo.ram_size = ram_size;
 211     s->binfo.nb_cpus = machine->smp.cpus;
 212
 213     if (version <= 2) {
 214         /* The rpi1 and 2 require some custom setup code to run in Secure
 215          * mode before booting a kernel (to set up the SMC vectors so
 216          * that we get a no-op SMC; this is used by Linux to call the
 217          * firmware for some cache maintenance operations.
 218          * The rpi3 doesn't need this.
 219          */
 220         s->binfo.board_setup_addr = BOARDSETUP_ADDR;
 221         s->binfo.write_board_setup = write_board_setup;
 222         s->binfo.secure_board_setup = true;
 223         s->binfo.secure_boot = true;
 224     }
 225
 226     /* Pi2 and Pi3 requires SMP setup */
 227     if (version >= 2) {
 228         s->binfo.smp_loader_start = SMPBOOT_ADDR;
 229         if (version == 2) {
 230             s->binfo.write_secondary_boot = write_smpboot;
 231         } else {
 232             s->binfo.write_secondary_boot = write_smpboot64;
 233         }
 234         s->binfo.secondary_cpu_reset_hook = reset_secondary;
 235     }
 236
 237     /* If the user specified a "firmware" image (e.g. UEFI), we bypass
 238      * the normal Linux boot process
 239      */
 240     if (machine->firmware) {
 241         hwaddr firmware_addr = version == 3 ? FIRMWARE_ADDR_3 : FIRMWARE_ADDR_2;
 242         /* load the firmware image (typically kernel.img) */
 243         r = load_image_targphys(machine->firmware, firmware_addr,
 244                                 ram_size - firmware_addr);
 245         if (r < 0) {
 246             error_report("Failed to load firmware from %s", machine->firmware);
 247             exit(1);
 248         }
 249
 250         s->binfo.entry = firmware_addr;
 251         s->binfo.firmware_loaded = true;
 252     }
 253
 254     arm_load_kernel(&s->soc.cpu[0].core, machine, &s->binfo);
 255 }
 256
 257 static void raspi_machine_init(MachineState *machine)
 258 {
 259     RaspiMachineClass *mc = RASPI_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine);
 260     RaspiMachineState *s = RASPI_MACHINE(machine);
 261     uint32_t board_rev = mc->board_rev;
 262     int version = board_version(board_rev);
 263     uint64_t ram_size = board_ram_size(board_rev);
 264     uint32_t vcram_size;
 265     DriveInfo *di;
 266     BlockBackend *blk;
 267     BusState *bus;
 268     DeviceState *carddev;
 269
 270     if (machine->ram_size != ram_size) {
 271         char *size_str = size_to_str(ram_size);
 272         error_report("Invalid RAM size, should be %s", size_str);
 273         g_free(size_str);
 274         exit(1);
 275     }
 276
 277     /* FIXME: Remove when we have custom CPU address space support */
 278     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(get_system_memory(), 0,
 279                                         machine->ram, 0);
 280
 281     /* Setup the SOC */
 282     object_initialize_child(OBJECT(machine), "soc", &s->soc,
 283                             board_soc_type(board_rev));
 284     object_property_add_const_link(OBJECT(&s->soc), "ram", OBJECT(machine->ram));
 285     object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->soc), "board-rev", board_rev,
 286                             &error_abort);
 287     qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->soc), NULL, &error_abort);
 288
 289     /* Create and plug in the SD cards */
 290     di = drive_get_next(IF_SD);
 291     blk = di ? blk_by_legacy_dinfo(di) : NULL;
 292     bus = qdev_get_child_bus(DEVICE(&s->soc), "sd-bus");
 293     if (bus == NULL) {
 294         error_report("No SD bus found in SOC object");
 295         exit(1);
 296     }
 297     carddev = qdev_new(TYPE_SD_CARD);
 298     qdev_prop_set_drive_err(carddev, "drive", blk, &error_fatal);
 299     qdev_realize_and_unref(carddev, bus, &error_fatal);
 300
 301     vcram_size = object_property_get_uint(OBJECT(&s->soc), "vcram-size",
 302                                           &error_abort);
 303     setup_boot(machine, version, machine->ram_size - vcram_size);
 304 }
 305
 306 static void raspi_machine_class_common_init(MachineClass *mc,
 307                                             uint32_t board_rev)
 308 {
 309     mc->desc = g_strdup_printf("Raspberry Pi %s (revision 1.%u)",
 310                                board_type(board_rev),
 311                                FIELD_EX32(board_rev, REV_CODE, REVISION));
 312     mc->init = raspi_machine_init;
 313     mc->block_default_type = IF_SD;
 314     mc->no_parallel = 1;
 315     mc->no_floppy = 1;
 316     mc->no_cdrom = 1;
 317     mc->default_cpus = mc->min_cpus = mc->max_cpus = cores_count(board_rev);
 318     mc->default_ram_size = board_ram_size(board_rev);
 319     mc->default_ram_id = "ram";
 320 };
 321
 322 static void raspi2b_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 323 {
 324     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
 325     RaspiMachineClass *rmc = RASPI_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
 326
 327     mc->alias = "raspi2";
 328     rmc->board_rev = 0xa21041;
 329     raspi_machine_class_common_init(mc, rmc->board_rev);
 330 };
 331
 332 #ifdef TARGET_AARCH64
 333 static void raspi3b_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 334 {
 335     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
 336     RaspiMachineClass *rmc = RASPI_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
 337
 338     mc->alias = "raspi3";
 339     rmc->board_rev = 0xa02082;
 340     raspi_machine_class_common_init(mc, rmc->board_rev);
 341 };
 342 #endif /* TARGET_AARCH64 */
 343
 344 static const TypeInfo raspi_machine_types[] = {
 345     {
 346         .name           = MACHINE_TYPE_NAME("raspi2b"),
 347         .parent         = TYPE_RASPI_MACHINE,
 348         .class_init     = raspi2b_machine_class_init,
 349 #ifdef TARGET_AARCH64
 350     }, {
 351         .name           = MACHINE_TYPE_NAME("raspi3b"),
 352         .parent         = TYPE_RASPI_MACHINE,
 353         .class_init     = raspi3b_machine_class_init,
 354 #endif
 355     }, {
 356         .name           = TYPE_RASPI_MACHINE,
 357         .parent         = TYPE_MACHINE,
 358         .instance_size  = sizeof(RaspiMachineState),
 359         .class_size     = sizeof(RaspiMachineClass),
 360         .abstract       = true,
 361     }
 362 };
 363
 364 DEFINE_TYPES(raspi_machine_types)