1 /* Copyright (c) 2011-2014 PLUMgrid, http://plumgrid.com
2 * Copyright (c) 2016 Facebook
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
6 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
8 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
9 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
11 * General Public License for more details.
13 #include <linux/kernel.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/slab.h>
16 #include <linux/bpf.h>
17 #include <linux/bpf_verifier.h>
18 #include <linux/filter.h>
19 #include <net/netlink.h>
20 #include <linux/file.h>
21 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
22 #include <linux/stringify.h>
24 /* bpf_check() is a static code analyzer that walks eBPF program
25 * instruction by instruction and updates register/stack state.
26 * All paths of conditional branches are analyzed until 'bpf_exit' insn.
28 * The first pass is depth-first-search to check that the program is a DAG.
29 * It rejects the following programs:
30 * - larger than BPF_MAXINSNS insns
31 * - if loop is present (detected via back-edge)
32 * - unreachable insns exist (shouldn't be a forest. program = one function)
33 * - out of bounds or malformed jumps
34 * The second pass is all possible path descent from the 1st insn.
35 * Since it's analyzing all pathes through the program, the length of the
36 * analysis is limited to 64k insn, which may be hit even if total number of
37 * insn is less then 4K, but there are too many branches that change stack/regs.
38 * Number of 'branches to be analyzed' is limited to 1k
40 * On entry to each instruction, each register has a type, and the instruction
41 * changes the types of the registers depending on instruction semantics.
42 * If instruction is BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_5), then type of R5 is
45 * All registers are 64-bit.
46 * R0 - return register
47 * R1-R5 argument passing registers
48 * R6-R9 callee saved registers
49 * R10 - frame pointer read-only
51 * At the start of BPF program the register R1 contains a pointer to bpf_context
52 * and has type PTR_TO_CTX.
54 * Verifier tracks arithmetic operations on pointers in case:
55 * BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_10),
56 * BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ADD, BPF_REG_1, -20),
57 * 1st insn copies R10 (which has FRAME_PTR) type into R1
58 * and 2nd arithmetic instruction is pattern matched to recognize
59 * that it wants to construct a pointer to some element within stack.
60 * So after 2nd insn, the register R1 has type PTR_TO_STACK
61 * (and -20 constant is saved for further stack bounds checking).
62 * Meaning that this reg is a pointer to stack plus known immediate constant.
64 * Most of the time the registers have SCALAR_VALUE type, which
65 * means the register has some value, but it's not a valid pointer.
66 * (like pointer plus pointer becomes SCALAR_VALUE type)
68 * When verifier sees load or store instructions the type of base register
69 * can be: PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE, PTR_TO_CTX, PTR_TO_STACK. These are three pointer
70 * types recognized by check_mem_access() function.
72 * PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE means that this register is pointing to 'map element value'
73 * and the range of [ptr, ptr + map's value_size) is accessible.
75 * registers used to pass values to function calls are checked against
76 * function argument constraints.
78 * ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_KEY is one of such argument constraints.
79 * It means that the register type passed to this function must be
80 * PTR_TO_STACK and it will be used inside the function as
81 * 'pointer to map element key'
83 * For example the argument constraints for bpf_map_lookup_elem():
84 * .ret_type = RET_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL,
85 * .arg1_type = ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
86 * .arg2_type = ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_KEY,
88 * ret_type says that this function returns 'pointer to map elem value or null'
89 * function expects 1st argument to be a const pointer to 'struct bpf_map' and
90 * 2nd argument should be a pointer to stack, which will be used inside
91 * the helper function as a pointer to map element key.
93 * On the kernel side the helper function looks like:
94 * u64 bpf_map_lookup_elem(u64 r1, u64 r2, u64 r3, u64 r4, u64 r5)
96 * struct bpf_map *map = (struct bpf_map *) (unsigned long) r1;
97 * void *key = (void *) (unsigned long) r2;
100 * here kernel can access 'key' and 'map' pointers safely, knowing that
101 * [key, key + map->key_size) bytes are valid and were initialized on
102 * the stack of eBPF program.
105 * Corresponding eBPF program may look like:
106 * BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_10), // after this insn R2 type is FRAME_PTR
107 * BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ADD, BPF_REG_2, -4), // after this insn R2 type is PTR_TO_STACK
108 * BPF_LD_MAP_FD(BPF_REG_1, map_fd), // after this insn R1 type is CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
109 * BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0, BPF_FUNC_map_lookup_elem),
110 * here verifier looks at prototype of map_lookup_elem() and sees:
111 * .arg1_type == ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR and R1->type == CONST_PTR_TO_MAP, which is ok,
112 * Now verifier knows that this map has key of R1->map_ptr->key_size bytes
114 * Then .arg2_type == ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_KEY and R2->type == PTR_TO_STACK, ok so far,
115 * Now verifier checks that [R2, R2 + map's key_size) are within stack limits
116 * and were initialized prior to this call.
117 * If it's ok, then verifier allows this BPF_CALL insn and looks at
118 * .ret_type which is RET_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL, so it sets
119 * R0->type = PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL which means bpf_map_lookup_elem() function
120 * returns ether pointer to map value or NULL.
122 * When type PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL passes through 'if (reg != 0) goto +off'
123 * insn, the register holding that pointer in the true branch changes state to
124 * PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE and the same register changes state to CONST_IMM in the false
125 * branch. See check_cond_jmp_op().
127 * After the call R0 is set to return type of the function and registers R1-R5
128 * are set to NOT_INIT to indicate that they are no longer readable.
131 /* verifier_state + insn_idx are pushed to stack when branch is encountered */
132 struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem
{
133 /* verifer state is 'st'
134 * before processing instruction 'insn_idx'
135 * and after processing instruction 'prev_insn_idx'
137 struct bpf_verifier_state st
;
140 struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem
*next
;
143 #define BPF_COMPLEXITY_LIMIT_INSNS 131072
144 #define BPF_COMPLEXITY_LIMIT_STACK 1024
146 #define BPF_MAP_PTR_POISON ((void *)0xeB9F + POISON_POINTER_DELTA)
148 struct bpf_call_arg_meta
{
149 struct bpf_map
*map_ptr
;
156 /* verbose verifier prints what it's seeing
157 * bpf_check() is called under lock, so no race to access these global vars
159 static u32 log_level
, log_size
, log_len
;
160 static char *log_buf
;
162 static DEFINE_MUTEX(bpf_verifier_lock
);
164 /* log_level controls verbosity level of eBPF verifier.
165 * verbose() is used to dump the verification trace to the log, so the user
166 * can figure out what's wrong with the program
168 static __printf(1, 2) void verbose(const char *fmt
, ...)
172 if (log_level
== 0 || log_len
>= log_size
- 1)
176 log_len
+= vscnprintf(log_buf
+ log_len
, log_size
- log_len
, fmt
, args
);
180 /* string representation of 'enum bpf_reg_type' */
181 static const char * const reg_type_str
[] = {
183 [SCALAR_VALUE
] = "inv",
184 [PTR_TO_CTX
] = "ctx",
185 [CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
] = "map_ptr",
186 [PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
] = "map_value",
187 [PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
] = "map_value_or_null",
188 [PTR_TO_STACK
] = "fp",
189 [PTR_TO_PACKET
] = "pkt",
190 [PTR_TO_PACKET_END
] = "pkt_end",
193 #define __BPF_FUNC_STR_FN(x) [BPF_FUNC_ ## x] = __stringify(bpf_ ## x)
194 static const char * const func_id_str
[] = {
195 __BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(__BPF_FUNC_STR_FN
)
197 #undef __BPF_FUNC_STR_FN
199 static const char *func_id_name(int id
)
201 BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(func_id_str
) != __BPF_FUNC_MAX_ID
);
203 if (id
>= 0 && id
< __BPF_FUNC_MAX_ID
&& func_id_str
[id
])
204 return func_id_str
[id
];
209 static void print_verifier_state(struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
)
211 struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
;
215 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_REG
; i
++) {
216 reg
= &state
->regs
[i
];
220 verbose(" R%d=%s", i
, reg_type_str
[t
]);
221 if ((t
== SCALAR_VALUE
|| t
== PTR_TO_STACK
) &&
222 tnum_is_const(reg
->var_off
)) {
223 /* reg->off should be 0 for SCALAR_VALUE */
224 verbose("%lld", reg
->var_off
.value
+ reg
->off
);
226 verbose("(id=%d", reg
->id
);
227 if (t
!= SCALAR_VALUE
)
228 verbose(",off=%d", reg
->off
);
229 if (t
== PTR_TO_PACKET
)
230 verbose(",r=%d", reg
->range
);
231 else if (t
== CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
||
232 t
== PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
||
233 t
== PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
)
234 verbose(",ks=%d,vs=%d",
235 reg
->map_ptr
->key_size
,
236 reg
->map_ptr
->value_size
);
237 if (tnum_is_const(reg
->var_off
)) {
238 /* Typically an immediate SCALAR_VALUE, but
239 * could be a pointer whose offset is too big
242 verbose(",imm=%llx", reg
->var_off
.value
);
244 if (reg
->smin_value
!= reg
->umin_value
&&
245 reg
->smin_value
!= S64_MIN
)
246 verbose(",smin_value=%lld",
247 (long long)reg
->smin_value
);
248 if (reg
->smax_value
!= reg
->umax_value
&&
249 reg
->smax_value
!= S64_MAX
)
250 verbose(",smax_value=%lld",
251 (long long)reg
->smax_value
);
252 if (reg
->umin_value
!= 0)
253 verbose(",umin_value=%llu",
254 (unsigned long long)reg
->umin_value
);
255 if (reg
->umax_value
!= U64_MAX
)
256 verbose(",umax_value=%llu",
257 (unsigned long long)reg
->umax_value
);
258 if (!tnum_is_unknown(reg
->var_off
)) {
261 tnum_strn(tn_buf
, sizeof(tn_buf
), reg
->var_off
);
262 verbose(",var_off=%s", tn_buf
);
268 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_STACK
; i
+= BPF_REG_SIZE
) {
269 if (state
->stack_slot_type
[i
] == STACK_SPILL
)
270 verbose(" fp%d=%s", -MAX_BPF_STACK
+ i
,
271 reg_type_str
[state
->spilled_regs
[i
/ BPF_REG_SIZE
].type
]);
276 static const char *const bpf_class_string
[] = {
284 [BPF_ALU64
] = "alu64",
287 static const char *const bpf_alu_string
[16] = {
288 [BPF_ADD
>> 4] = "+=",
289 [BPF_SUB
>> 4] = "-=",
290 [BPF_MUL
>> 4] = "*=",
291 [BPF_DIV
>> 4] = "/=",
292 [BPF_OR
>> 4] = "|=",
293 [BPF_AND
>> 4] = "&=",
294 [BPF_LSH
>> 4] = "<<=",
295 [BPF_RSH
>> 4] = ">>=",
296 [BPF_NEG
>> 4] = "neg",
297 [BPF_MOD
>> 4] = "%=",
298 [BPF_XOR
>> 4] = "^=",
299 [BPF_MOV
>> 4] = "=",
300 [BPF_ARSH
>> 4] = "s>>=",
301 [BPF_END
>> 4] = "endian",
304 static const char *const bpf_ldst_string
[] = {
305 [BPF_W
>> 3] = "u32",
306 [BPF_H
>> 3] = "u16",
308 [BPF_DW
>> 3] = "u64",
311 static const char *const bpf_jmp_string
[16] = {
312 [BPF_JA
>> 4] = "jmp",
313 [BPF_JEQ
>> 4] = "==",
314 [BPF_JGT
>> 4] = ">",
315 [BPF_JLT
>> 4] = "<",
316 [BPF_JGE
>> 4] = ">=",
317 [BPF_JLE
>> 4] = "<=",
318 [BPF_JSET
>> 4] = "&",
319 [BPF_JNE
>> 4] = "!=",
320 [BPF_JSGT
>> 4] = "s>",
321 [BPF_JSLT
>> 4] = "s<",
322 [BPF_JSGE
>> 4] = "s>=",
323 [BPF_JSLE
>> 4] = "s<=",
324 [BPF_CALL
>> 4] = "call",
325 [BPF_EXIT
>> 4] = "exit",
328 static void print_bpf_insn(const struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
,
329 const struct bpf_insn
*insn
)
331 u8
class = BPF_CLASS(insn
->code
);
333 if (class == BPF_ALU
|| class == BPF_ALU64
) {
334 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
)
335 verbose("(%02x) %sr%d %s %sr%d\n",
336 insn
->code
, class == BPF_ALU
? "(u32) " : "",
338 bpf_alu_string
[BPF_OP(insn
->code
) >> 4],
339 class == BPF_ALU
? "(u32) " : "",
342 verbose("(%02x) %sr%d %s %s%d\n",
343 insn
->code
, class == BPF_ALU
? "(u32) " : "",
345 bpf_alu_string
[BPF_OP(insn
->code
) >> 4],
346 class == BPF_ALU
? "(u32) " : "",
348 } else if (class == BPF_STX
) {
349 if (BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) == BPF_MEM
)
350 verbose("(%02x) *(%s *)(r%d %+d) = r%d\n",
352 bpf_ldst_string
[BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) >> 3],
354 insn
->off
, insn
->src_reg
);
355 else if (BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) == BPF_XADD
)
356 verbose("(%02x) lock *(%s *)(r%d %+d) += r%d\n",
358 bpf_ldst_string
[BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) >> 3],
359 insn
->dst_reg
, insn
->off
,
362 verbose("BUG_%02x\n", insn
->code
);
363 } else if (class == BPF_ST
) {
364 if (BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) != BPF_MEM
) {
365 verbose("BUG_st_%02x\n", insn
->code
);
368 verbose("(%02x) *(%s *)(r%d %+d) = %d\n",
370 bpf_ldst_string
[BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) >> 3],
372 insn
->off
, insn
->imm
);
373 } else if (class == BPF_LDX
) {
374 if (BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) != BPF_MEM
) {
375 verbose("BUG_ldx_%02x\n", insn
->code
);
378 verbose("(%02x) r%d = *(%s *)(r%d %+d)\n",
379 insn
->code
, insn
->dst_reg
,
380 bpf_ldst_string
[BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) >> 3],
381 insn
->src_reg
, insn
->off
);
382 } else if (class == BPF_LD
) {
383 if (BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) == BPF_ABS
) {
384 verbose("(%02x) r0 = *(%s *)skb[%d]\n",
386 bpf_ldst_string
[BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) >> 3],
388 } else if (BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) == BPF_IND
) {
389 verbose("(%02x) r0 = *(%s *)skb[r%d + %d]\n",
391 bpf_ldst_string
[BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) >> 3],
392 insn
->src_reg
, insn
->imm
);
393 } else if (BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) == BPF_IMM
&&
394 BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) == BPF_DW
) {
395 /* At this point, we already made sure that the second
396 * part of the ldimm64 insn is accessible.
398 u64 imm
= ((u64
)(insn
+ 1)->imm
<< 32) | (u32
)insn
->imm
;
399 bool map_ptr
= insn
->src_reg
== BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD
;
401 if (map_ptr
&& !env
->allow_ptr_leaks
)
404 verbose("(%02x) r%d = 0x%llx\n", insn
->code
,
405 insn
->dst_reg
, (unsigned long long)imm
);
407 verbose("BUG_ld_%02x\n", insn
->code
);
410 } else if (class == BPF_JMP
) {
411 u8 opcode
= BPF_OP(insn
->code
);
413 if (opcode
== BPF_CALL
) {
414 verbose("(%02x) call %s#%d\n", insn
->code
,
415 func_id_name(insn
->imm
), insn
->imm
);
416 } else if (insn
->code
== (BPF_JMP
| BPF_JA
)) {
417 verbose("(%02x) goto pc%+d\n",
418 insn
->code
, insn
->off
);
419 } else if (insn
->code
== (BPF_JMP
| BPF_EXIT
)) {
420 verbose("(%02x) exit\n", insn
->code
);
421 } else if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
) {
422 verbose("(%02x) if r%d %s r%d goto pc%+d\n",
423 insn
->code
, insn
->dst_reg
,
424 bpf_jmp_string
[BPF_OP(insn
->code
) >> 4],
425 insn
->src_reg
, insn
->off
);
427 verbose("(%02x) if r%d %s 0x%x goto pc%+d\n",
428 insn
->code
, insn
->dst_reg
,
429 bpf_jmp_string
[BPF_OP(insn
->code
) >> 4],
430 insn
->imm
, insn
->off
);
433 verbose("(%02x) %s\n", insn
->code
, bpf_class_string
[class]);
437 static int pop_stack(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, int *prev_insn_idx
)
439 struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem
*elem
;
442 if (env
->head
== NULL
)
445 memcpy(&env
->cur_state
, &env
->head
->st
, sizeof(env
->cur_state
));
446 insn_idx
= env
->head
->insn_idx
;
448 *prev_insn_idx
= env
->head
->prev_insn_idx
;
449 elem
= env
->head
->next
;
456 static struct bpf_verifier_state
*push_stack(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
,
457 int insn_idx
, int prev_insn_idx
)
459 struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem
*elem
;
461 elem
= kmalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem
), GFP_KERNEL
);
465 memcpy(&elem
->st
, &env
->cur_state
, sizeof(env
->cur_state
));
466 elem
->insn_idx
= insn_idx
;
467 elem
->prev_insn_idx
= prev_insn_idx
;
468 elem
->next
= env
->head
;
471 if (env
->stack_size
> BPF_COMPLEXITY_LIMIT_STACK
) {
472 verbose("BPF program is too complex\n");
477 /* pop all elements and return */
478 while (pop_stack(env
, NULL
) >= 0);
482 #define CALLER_SAVED_REGS 6
483 static const int caller_saved
[CALLER_SAVED_REGS
] = {
484 BPF_REG_0
, BPF_REG_1
, BPF_REG_2
, BPF_REG_3
, BPF_REG_4
, BPF_REG_5
487 static void __mark_reg_not_init(struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
);
489 /* Mark the unknown part of a register (variable offset or scalar value) as
490 * known to have the value @imm.
492 static void __mark_reg_known(struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
, u64 imm
)
495 reg
->var_off
= tnum_const(imm
);
496 reg
->smin_value
= (s64
)imm
;
497 reg
->smax_value
= (s64
)imm
;
498 reg
->umin_value
= imm
;
499 reg
->umax_value
= imm
;
502 /* Mark the 'variable offset' part of a register as zero. This should be
503 * used only on registers holding a pointer type.
505 static void __mark_reg_known_zero(struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
)
507 __mark_reg_known(reg
, 0);
510 static void mark_reg_known_zero(struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
, u32 regno
)
512 if (WARN_ON(regno
>= MAX_BPF_REG
)) {
513 verbose("mark_reg_known_zero(regs, %u)\n", regno
);
514 /* Something bad happened, let's kill all regs */
515 for (regno
= 0; regno
< MAX_BPF_REG
; regno
++)
516 __mark_reg_not_init(regs
+ regno
);
519 __mark_reg_known_zero(regs
+ regno
);
522 /* Attempts to improve min/max values based on var_off information */
523 static void __update_reg_bounds(struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
)
525 /* min signed is max(sign bit) | min(other bits) */
526 reg
->smin_value
= max_t(s64
, reg
->smin_value
,
527 reg
->var_off
.value
| (reg
->var_off
.mask
& S64_MIN
));
528 /* max signed is min(sign bit) | max(other bits) */
529 reg
->smax_value
= min_t(s64
, reg
->smax_value
,
530 reg
->var_off
.value
| (reg
->var_off
.mask
& S64_MAX
));
531 reg
->umin_value
= max(reg
->umin_value
, reg
->var_off
.value
);
532 reg
->umax_value
= min(reg
->umax_value
,
533 reg
->var_off
.value
| reg
->var_off
.mask
);
536 /* Uses signed min/max values to inform unsigned, and vice-versa */
537 static void __reg_deduce_bounds(struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
)
539 /* Learn sign from signed bounds.
540 * If we cannot cross the sign boundary, then signed and unsigned bounds
541 * are the same, so combine. This works even in the negative case, e.g.
542 * -3 s<= x s<= -1 implies 0xf...fd u<= x u<= 0xf...ff.
544 if (reg
->smin_value
>= 0 || reg
->smax_value
< 0) {
545 reg
->smin_value
= reg
->umin_value
= max_t(u64
, reg
->smin_value
,
547 reg
->smax_value
= reg
->umax_value
= min_t(u64
, reg
->smax_value
,
551 /* Learn sign from unsigned bounds. Signed bounds cross the sign
552 * boundary, so we must be careful.
554 if ((s64
)reg
->umax_value
>= 0) {
555 /* Positive. We can't learn anything from the smin, but smax
556 * is positive, hence safe.
558 reg
->smin_value
= reg
->umin_value
;
559 reg
->smax_value
= reg
->umax_value
= min_t(u64
, reg
->smax_value
,
561 } else if ((s64
)reg
->umin_value
< 0) {
562 /* Negative. We can't learn anything from the smax, but smin
563 * is negative, hence safe.
565 reg
->smin_value
= reg
->umin_value
= max_t(u64
, reg
->smin_value
,
567 reg
->smax_value
= reg
->umax_value
;
571 /* Attempts to improve var_off based on unsigned min/max information */
572 static void __reg_bound_offset(struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
)
574 reg
->var_off
= tnum_intersect(reg
->var_off
,
575 tnum_range(reg
->umin_value
,
579 /* Reset the min/max bounds of a register */
580 static void __mark_reg_unbounded(struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
)
582 reg
->smin_value
= S64_MIN
;
583 reg
->smax_value
= S64_MAX
;
585 reg
->umax_value
= U64_MAX
;
588 /* Mark a register as having a completely unknown (scalar) value. */
589 static void __mark_reg_unknown(struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
)
591 reg
->type
= SCALAR_VALUE
;
594 reg
->var_off
= tnum_unknown
;
595 __mark_reg_unbounded(reg
);
598 static void mark_reg_unknown(struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
, u32 regno
)
600 if (WARN_ON(regno
>= MAX_BPF_REG
)) {
601 verbose("mark_reg_unknown(regs, %u)\n", regno
);
602 /* Something bad happened, let's kill all regs */
603 for (regno
= 0; regno
< MAX_BPF_REG
; regno
++)
604 __mark_reg_not_init(regs
+ regno
);
607 __mark_reg_unknown(regs
+ regno
);
610 static void __mark_reg_not_init(struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
)
612 __mark_reg_unknown(reg
);
613 reg
->type
= NOT_INIT
;
616 static void mark_reg_not_init(struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
, u32 regno
)
618 if (WARN_ON(regno
>= MAX_BPF_REG
)) {
619 verbose("mark_reg_not_init(regs, %u)\n", regno
);
620 /* Something bad happened, let's kill all regs */
621 for (regno
= 0; regno
< MAX_BPF_REG
; regno
++)
622 __mark_reg_not_init(regs
+ regno
);
625 __mark_reg_not_init(regs
+ regno
);
628 static void init_reg_state(struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
)
632 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_REG
; i
++) {
633 mark_reg_not_init(regs
, i
);
634 regs
[i
].live
= REG_LIVE_NONE
;
638 regs
[BPF_REG_FP
].type
= PTR_TO_STACK
;
639 mark_reg_known_zero(regs
, BPF_REG_FP
);
641 /* 1st arg to a function */
642 regs
[BPF_REG_1
].type
= PTR_TO_CTX
;
643 mark_reg_known_zero(regs
, BPF_REG_1
);
647 SRC_OP
, /* register is used as source operand */
648 DST_OP
, /* register is used as destination operand */
649 DST_OP_NO_MARK
/* same as above, check only, don't mark */
652 static void mark_reg_read(const struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
, u32 regno
)
654 struct bpf_verifier_state
*parent
= state
->parent
;
656 if (regno
== BPF_REG_FP
)
657 /* We don't need to worry about FP liveness because it's read-only */
661 /* if read wasn't screened by an earlier write ... */
662 if (state
->regs
[regno
].live
& REG_LIVE_WRITTEN
)
664 /* ... then we depend on parent's value */
665 parent
->regs
[regno
].live
|= REG_LIVE_READ
;
667 parent
= state
->parent
;
671 static int check_reg_arg(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, u32 regno
,
674 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
;
676 if (regno
>= MAX_BPF_REG
) {
677 verbose("R%d is invalid\n", regno
);
682 /* check whether register used as source operand can be read */
683 if (regs
[regno
].type
== NOT_INIT
) {
684 verbose("R%d !read_ok\n", regno
);
687 mark_reg_read(&env
->cur_state
, regno
);
689 /* check whether register used as dest operand can be written to */
690 if (regno
== BPF_REG_FP
) {
691 verbose("frame pointer is read only\n");
694 regs
[regno
].live
|= REG_LIVE_WRITTEN
;
696 mark_reg_unknown(regs
, regno
);
701 static bool is_spillable_regtype(enum bpf_reg_type type
)
704 case PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
:
705 case PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
:
709 case PTR_TO_PACKET_END
:
710 case CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
:
717 /* check_stack_read/write functions track spill/fill of registers,
718 * stack boundary and alignment are checked in check_mem_access()
720 static int check_stack_write(struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
, int off
,
721 int size
, int value_regno
)
723 int i
, spi
= (MAX_BPF_STACK
+ off
) / BPF_REG_SIZE
;
724 /* caller checked that off % size == 0 and -MAX_BPF_STACK <= off < 0,
725 * so it's aligned access and [off, off + size) are within stack limits
728 if (value_regno
>= 0 &&
729 is_spillable_regtype(state
->regs
[value_regno
].type
)) {
731 /* register containing pointer is being spilled into stack */
732 if (size
!= BPF_REG_SIZE
) {
733 verbose("invalid size of register spill\n");
737 /* save register state */
738 state
->spilled_regs
[spi
] = state
->regs
[value_regno
];
739 state
->spilled_regs
[spi
].live
|= REG_LIVE_WRITTEN
;
741 for (i
= 0; i
< BPF_REG_SIZE
; i
++)
742 state
->stack_slot_type
[MAX_BPF_STACK
+ off
+ i
] = STACK_SPILL
;
744 /* regular write of data into stack */
745 state
->spilled_regs
[spi
] = (struct bpf_reg_state
) {};
747 for (i
= 0; i
< size
; i
++)
748 state
->stack_slot_type
[MAX_BPF_STACK
+ off
+ i
] = STACK_MISC
;
753 static void mark_stack_slot_read(const struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
, int slot
)
755 struct bpf_verifier_state
*parent
= state
->parent
;
758 /* if read wasn't screened by an earlier write ... */
759 if (state
->spilled_regs
[slot
].live
& REG_LIVE_WRITTEN
)
761 /* ... then we depend on parent's value */
762 parent
->spilled_regs
[slot
].live
|= REG_LIVE_READ
;
764 parent
= state
->parent
;
768 static int check_stack_read(struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
, int off
, int size
,
774 slot_type
= &state
->stack_slot_type
[MAX_BPF_STACK
+ off
];
776 if (slot_type
[0] == STACK_SPILL
) {
777 if (size
!= BPF_REG_SIZE
) {
778 verbose("invalid size of register spill\n");
781 for (i
= 1; i
< BPF_REG_SIZE
; i
++) {
782 if (slot_type
[i
] != STACK_SPILL
) {
783 verbose("corrupted spill memory\n");
788 spi
= (MAX_BPF_STACK
+ off
) / BPF_REG_SIZE
;
790 if (value_regno
>= 0) {
791 /* restore register state from stack */
792 state
->regs
[value_regno
] = state
->spilled_regs
[spi
];
793 mark_stack_slot_read(state
, spi
);
797 for (i
= 0; i
< size
; i
++) {
798 if (slot_type
[i
] != STACK_MISC
) {
799 verbose("invalid read from stack off %d+%d size %d\n",
804 if (value_regno
>= 0)
805 /* have read misc data from the stack */
806 mark_reg_unknown(state
->regs
, value_regno
);
811 /* check read/write into map element returned by bpf_map_lookup_elem() */
812 static int __check_map_access(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, u32 regno
, int off
,
815 struct bpf_map
*map
= env
->cur_state
.regs
[regno
].map_ptr
;
817 if (off
< 0 || size
<= 0 || off
+ size
> map
->value_size
) {
818 verbose("invalid access to map value, value_size=%d off=%d size=%d\n",
819 map
->value_size
, off
, size
);
825 /* check read/write into a map element with possible variable offset */
826 static int check_map_access(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, u32 regno
,
829 struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
= &env
->cur_state
;
830 struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
= &state
->regs
[regno
];
833 /* We may have adjusted the register to this map value, so we
834 * need to try adding each of min_value and max_value to off
835 * to make sure our theoretical access will be safe.
838 print_verifier_state(state
);
839 /* The minimum value is only important with signed
840 * comparisons where we can't assume the floor of a
841 * value is 0. If we are using signed variables for our
842 * index'es we need to make sure that whatever we use
843 * will have a set floor within our range.
845 if (reg
->smin_value
< 0) {
846 verbose("R%d min value is negative, either use unsigned index or do a if (index >=0) check.\n",
850 err
= __check_map_access(env
, regno
, reg
->smin_value
+ off
, size
);
852 verbose("R%d min value is outside of the array range\n", regno
);
856 /* If we haven't set a max value then we need to bail since we can't be
857 * sure we won't do bad things.
858 * If reg->umax_value + off could overflow, treat that as unbounded too.
860 if (reg
->umax_value
>= BPF_MAX_VAR_OFF
) {
861 verbose("R%d unbounded memory access, make sure to bounds check any array access into a map\n",
865 err
= __check_map_access(env
, regno
, reg
->umax_value
+ off
, size
);
867 verbose("R%d max value is outside of the array range\n", regno
);
871 #define MAX_PACKET_OFF 0xffff
873 static bool may_access_direct_pkt_data(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
,
874 const struct bpf_call_arg_meta
*meta
,
875 enum bpf_access_type t
)
877 switch (env
->prog
->type
) {
878 case BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN
:
879 case BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT
:
880 /* dst_input() and dst_output() can't write for now */
884 case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS
:
885 case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT
:
886 case BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP
:
887 case BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT
:
888 case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB
:
890 return meta
->pkt_access
;
892 env
->seen_direct_write
= true;
899 static int __check_packet_access(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, u32 regno
,
902 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
;
903 struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
= ®s
[regno
];
905 if (off
< 0 || size
<= 0 || (u64
)off
+ size
> reg
->range
) {
906 verbose("invalid access to packet, off=%d size=%d, R%d(id=%d,off=%d,r=%d)\n",
907 off
, size
, regno
, reg
->id
, reg
->off
, reg
->range
);
913 static int check_packet_access(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, u32 regno
, int off
,
916 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
;
917 struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
= ®s
[regno
];
920 /* We may have added a variable offset to the packet pointer; but any
921 * reg->range we have comes after that. We are only checking the fixed
925 /* We don't allow negative numbers, because we aren't tracking enough
926 * detail to prove they're safe.
928 if (reg
->smin_value
< 0) {
929 verbose("R%d min value is negative, either use unsigned index or do a if (index >=0) check.\n",
933 err
= __check_packet_access(env
, regno
, off
, size
);
935 verbose("R%d offset is outside of the packet\n", regno
);
941 /* check access to 'struct bpf_context' fields. Supports fixed offsets only */
942 static int check_ctx_access(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, int insn_idx
, int off
, int size
,
943 enum bpf_access_type t
, enum bpf_reg_type
*reg_type
)
945 struct bpf_insn_access_aux info
= {
946 .reg_type
= *reg_type
,
949 /* for analyzer ctx accesses are already validated and converted */
950 if (env
->analyzer_ops
)
953 if (env
->prog
->aux
->ops
->is_valid_access
&&
954 env
->prog
->aux
->ops
->is_valid_access(off
, size
, t
, &info
)) {
955 /* A non zero info.ctx_field_size indicates that this field is a
956 * candidate for later verifier transformation to load the whole
957 * field and then apply a mask when accessed with a narrower
958 * access than actual ctx access size. A zero info.ctx_field_size
959 * will only allow for whole field access and rejects any other
960 * type of narrower access.
962 env
->insn_aux_data
[insn_idx
].ctx_field_size
= info
.ctx_field_size
;
963 *reg_type
= info
.reg_type
;
965 /* remember the offset of last byte accessed in ctx */
966 if (env
->prog
->aux
->max_ctx_offset
< off
+ size
)
967 env
->prog
->aux
->max_ctx_offset
= off
+ size
;
971 verbose("invalid bpf_context access off=%d size=%d\n", off
, size
);
975 static bool __is_pointer_value(bool allow_ptr_leaks
,
976 const struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
)
981 return reg
->type
!= SCALAR_VALUE
;
984 static bool is_pointer_value(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, int regno
)
986 return __is_pointer_value(env
->allow_ptr_leaks
, &env
->cur_state
.regs
[regno
]);
989 static int check_pkt_ptr_alignment(const struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
,
990 int off
, int size
, bool strict
)
995 /* Byte size accesses are always allowed. */
996 if (!strict
|| size
== 1)
999 /* For platforms that do not have a Kconfig enabling
1000 * CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS the value of
1001 * NET_IP_ALIGN is universally set to '2'. And on platforms
1002 * that do set CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS, we get
1003 * to this code only in strict mode where we want to emulate
1004 * the NET_IP_ALIGN==2 checking. Therefore use an
1005 * unconditional IP align value of '2'.
1009 reg_off
= tnum_add(reg
->var_off
, tnum_const(ip_align
+ reg
->off
+ off
));
1010 if (!tnum_is_aligned(reg_off
, size
)) {
1013 tnum_strn(tn_buf
, sizeof(tn_buf
), reg
->var_off
);
1014 verbose("misaligned packet access off %d+%s+%d+%d size %d\n",
1015 ip_align
, tn_buf
, reg
->off
, off
, size
);
1022 static int check_generic_ptr_alignment(const struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
,
1023 const char *pointer_desc
,
1024 int off
, int size
, bool strict
)
1026 struct tnum reg_off
;
1028 /* Byte size accesses are always allowed. */
1029 if (!strict
|| size
== 1)
1032 reg_off
= tnum_add(reg
->var_off
, tnum_const(reg
->off
+ off
));
1033 if (!tnum_is_aligned(reg_off
, size
)) {
1036 tnum_strn(tn_buf
, sizeof(tn_buf
), reg
->var_off
);
1037 verbose("misaligned %saccess off %s+%d+%d size %d\n",
1038 pointer_desc
, tn_buf
, reg
->off
, off
, size
);
1045 static int check_ptr_alignment(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
,
1046 const struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
,
1049 bool strict
= env
->strict_alignment
;
1050 const char *pointer_desc
= "";
1052 switch (reg
->type
) {
1054 /* special case, because of NET_IP_ALIGN */
1055 return check_pkt_ptr_alignment(reg
, off
, size
, strict
);
1056 case PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
:
1057 pointer_desc
= "value ";
1060 pointer_desc
= "context ";
1063 pointer_desc
= "stack ";
1068 return check_generic_ptr_alignment(reg
, pointer_desc
, off
, size
, strict
);
1071 /* check whether memory at (regno + off) is accessible for t = (read | write)
1072 * if t==write, value_regno is a register which value is stored into memory
1073 * if t==read, value_regno is a register which will receive the value from memory
1074 * if t==write && value_regno==-1, some unknown value is stored into memory
1075 * if t==read && value_regno==-1, don't care what we read from memory
1077 static int check_mem_access(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, int insn_idx
, u32 regno
, int off
,
1078 int bpf_size
, enum bpf_access_type t
,
1081 struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
= &env
->cur_state
;
1082 struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
= &state
->regs
[regno
];
1085 size
= bpf_size_to_bytes(bpf_size
);
1089 /* alignment checks will add in reg->off themselves */
1090 err
= check_ptr_alignment(env
, reg
, off
, size
);
1094 /* for access checks, reg->off is just part of off */
1097 if (reg
->type
== PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
) {
1098 if (t
== BPF_WRITE
&& value_regno
>= 0 &&
1099 is_pointer_value(env
, value_regno
)) {
1100 verbose("R%d leaks addr into map\n", value_regno
);
1104 err
= check_map_access(env
, regno
, off
, size
);
1105 if (!err
&& t
== BPF_READ
&& value_regno
>= 0)
1106 mark_reg_unknown(state
->regs
, value_regno
);
1108 } else if (reg
->type
== PTR_TO_CTX
) {
1109 enum bpf_reg_type reg_type
= SCALAR_VALUE
;
1111 if (t
== BPF_WRITE
&& value_regno
>= 0 &&
1112 is_pointer_value(env
, value_regno
)) {
1113 verbose("R%d leaks addr into ctx\n", value_regno
);
1116 /* ctx accesses must be at a fixed offset, so that we can
1117 * determine what type of data were returned.
1119 if (!tnum_is_const(reg
->var_off
)) {
1122 tnum_strn(tn_buf
, sizeof(tn_buf
), reg
->var_off
);
1123 verbose("variable ctx access var_off=%s off=%d size=%d",
1127 off
+= reg
->var_off
.value
;
1128 err
= check_ctx_access(env
, insn_idx
, off
, size
, t
, ®_type
);
1129 if (!err
&& t
== BPF_READ
&& value_regno
>= 0) {
1130 /* ctx access returns either a scalar, or a
1131 * PTR_TO_PACKET[_END]. In the latter case, we know
1132 * the offset is zero.
1134 if (reg_type
== SCALAR_VALUE
)
1135 mark_reg_unknown(state
->regs
, value_regno
);
1137 mark_reg_known_zero(state
->regs
, value_regno
);
1138 state
->regs
[value_regno
].id
= 0;
1139 state
->regs
[value_regno
].off
= 0;
1140 state
->regs
[value_regno
].range
= 0;
1141 state
->regs
[value_regno
].type
= reg_type
;
1144 } else if (reg
->type
== PTR_TO_STACK
) {
1145 /* stack accesses must be at a fixed offset, so that we can
1146 * determine what type of data were returned.
1147 * See check_stack_read().
1149 if (!tnum_is_const(reg
->var_off
)) {
1152 tnum_strn(tn_buf
, sizeof(tn_buf
), reg
->var_off
);
1153 verbose("variable stack access var_off=%s off=%d size=%d",
1157 off
+= reg
->var_off
.value
;
1158 if (off
>= 0 || off
< -MAX_BPF_STACK
) {
1159 verbose("invalid stack off=%d size=%d\n", off
, size
);
1163 if (env
->prog
->aux
->stack_depth
< -off
)
1164 env
->prog
->aux
->stack_depth
= -off
;
1166 if (t
== BPF_WRITE
) {
1167 if (!env
->allow_ptr_leaks
&&
1168 state
->stack_slot_type
[MAX_BPF_STACK
+ off
] == STACK_SPILL
&&
1169 size
!= BPF_REG_SIZE
) {
1170 verbose("attempt to corrupt spilled pointer on stack\n");
1173 err
= check_stack_write(state
, off
, size
, value_regno
);
1175 err
= check_stack_read(state
, off
, size
, value_regno
);
1177 } else if (reg
->type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
) {
1178 if (t
== BPF_WRITE
&& !may_access_direct_pkt_data(env
, NULL
, t
)) {
1179 verbose("cannot write into packet\n");
1182 if (t
== BPF_WRITE
&& value_regno
>= 0 &&
1183 is_pointer_value(env
, value_regno
)) {
1184 verbose("R%d leaks addr into packet\n", value_regno
);
1187 err
= check_packet_access(env
, regno
, off
, size
);
1188 if (!err
&& t
== BPF_READ
&& value_regno
>= 0)
1189 mark_reg_unknown(state
->regs
, value_regno
);
1191 verbose("R%d invalid mem access '%s'\n",
1192 regno
, reg_type_str
[reg
->type
]);
1196 if (!err
&& size
< BPF_REG_SIZE
&& value_regno
>= 0 && t
== BPF_READ
&&
1197 state
->regs
[value_regno
].type
== SCALAR_VALUE
) {
1198 /* b/h/w load zero-extends, mark upper bits as known 0 */
1199 state
->regs
[value_regno
].var_off
= tnum_cast(
1200 state
->regs
[value_regno
].var_off
, size
);
1201 __update_reg_bounds(&state
->regs
[value_regno
]);
1206 static int check_xadd(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, int insn_idx
, struct bpf_insn
*insn
)
1210 if ((BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) != BPF_W
&& BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) != BPF_DW
) ||
1212 verbose("BPF_XADD uses reserved fields\n");
1216 /* check src1 operand */
1217 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->src_reg
, SRC_OP
);
1221 /* check src2 operand */
1222 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, SRC_OP
);
1226 if (is_pointer_value(env
, insn
->src_reg
)) {
1227 verbose("R%d leaks addr into mem\n", insn
->src_reg
);
1231 /* check whether atomic_add can read the memory */
1232 err
= check_mem_access(env
, insn_idx
, insn
->dst_reg
, insn
->off
,
1233 BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
), BPF_READ
, -1);
1237 /* check whether atomic_add can write into the same memory */
1238 return check_mem_access(env
, insn_idx
, insn
->dst_reg
, insn
->off
,
1239 BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
), BPF_WRITE
, -1);
1242 /* Does this register contain a constant zero? */
1243 static bool register_is_null(struct bpf_reg_state reg
)
1245 return reg
.type
== SCALAR_VALUE
&& tnum_equals_const(reg
.var_off
, 0);
1248 /* when register 'regno' is passed into function that will read 'access_size'
1249 * bytes from that pointer, make sure that it's within stack boundary
1250 * and all elements of stack are initialized.
1251 * Unlike most pointer bounds-checking functions, this one doesn't take an
1252 * 'off' argument, so it has to add in reg->off itself.
1254 static int check_stack_boundary(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, int regno
,
1255 int access_size
, bool zero_size_allowed
,
1256 struct bpf_call_arg_meta
*meta
)
1258 struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
= &env
->cur_state
;
1259 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= state
->regs
;
1262 if (regs
[regno
].type
!= PTR_TO_STACK
) {
1263 /* Allow zero-byte read from NULL, regardless of pointer type */
1264 if (zero_size_allowed
&& access_size
== 0 &&
1265 register_is_null(regs
[regno
]))
1268 verbose("R%d type=%s expected=%s\n", regno
,
1269 reg_type_str
[regs
[regno
].type
],
1270 reg_type_str
[PTR_TO_STACK
]);
1274 /* Only allow fixed-offset stack reads */
1275 if (!tnum_is_const(regs
[regno
].var_off
)) {
1278 tnum_strn(tn_buf
, sizeof(tn_buf
), regs
[regno
].var_off
);
1279 verbose("invalid variable stack read R%d var_off=%s\n",
1282 off
= regs
[regno
].off
+ regs
[regno
].var_off
.value
;
1283 if (off
>= 0 || off
< -MAX_BPF_STACK
|| off
+ access_size
> 0 ||
1285 verbose("invalid stack type R%d off=%d access_size=%d\n",
1286 regno
, off
, access_size
);
1290 if (env
->prog
->aux
->stack_depth
< -off
)
1291 env
->prog
->aux
->stack_depth
= -off
;
1293 if (meta
&& meta
->raw_mode
) {
1294 meta
->access_size
= access_size
;
1295 meta
->regno
= regno
;
1299 for (i
= 0; i
< access_size
; i
++) {
1300 if (state
->stack_slot_type
[MAX_BPF_STACK
+ off
+ i
] != STACK_MISC
) {
1301 verbose("invalid indirect read from stack off %d+%d size %d\n",
1302 off
, i
, access_size
);
1309 static int check_helper_mem_access(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, int regno
,
1310 int access_size
, bool zero_size_allowed
,
1311 struct bpf_call_arg_meta
*meta
)
1313 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
, *reg
= ®s
[regno
];
1315 switch (reg
->type
) {
1317 return check_packet_access(env
, regno
, reg
->off
, access_size
);
1318 case PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
:
1319 return check_map_access(env
, regno
, reg
->off
, access_size
);
1320 default: /* scalar_value|ptr_to_stack or invalid ptr */
1321 return check_stack_boundary(env
, regno
, access_size
,
1322 zero_size_allowed
, meta
);
1326 static int check_func_arg(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, u32 regno
,
1327 enum bpf_arg_type arg_type
,
1328 struct bpf_call_arg_meta
*meta
)
1330 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
, *reg
= ®s
[regno
];
1331 enum bpf_reg_type expected_type
, type
= reg
->type
;
1334 if (arg_type
== ARG_DONTCARE
)
1337 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, regno
, SRC_OP
);
1341 if (arg_type
== ARG_ANYTHING
) {
1342 if (is_pointer_value(env
, regno
)) {
1343 verbose("R%d leaks addr into helper function\n", regno
);
1349 if (type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
&&
1350 !may_access_direct_pkt_data(env
, meta
, BPF_READ
)) {
1351 verbose("helper access to the packet is not allowed\n");
1355 if (arg_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_KEY
||
1356 arg_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
) {
1357 expected_type
= PTR_TO_STACK
;
1358 if (type
!= PTR_TO_PACKET
&& type
!= expected_type
)
1360 } else if (arg_type
== ARG_CONST_SIZE
||
1361 arg_type
== ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO
) {
1362 expected_type
= SCALAR_VALUE
;
1363 if (type
!= expected_type
)
1365 } else if (arg_type
== ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR
) {
1366 expected_type
= CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
;
1367 if (type
!= expected_type
)
1369 } else if (arg_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_CTX
) {
1370 expected_type
= PTR_TO_CTX
;
1371 if (type
!= expected_type
)
1373 } else if (arg_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_MEM
||
1374 arg_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM
) {
1375 expected_type
= PTR_TO_STACK
;
1376 /* One exception here. In case function allows for NULL to be
1377 * passed in as argument, it's a SCALAR_VALUE type. Final test
1378 * happens during stack boundary checking.
1380 if (register_is_null(*reg
))
1381 /* final test in check_stack_boundary() */;
1382 else if (type
!= PTR_TO_PACKET
&& type
!= PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
&&
1383 type
!= expected_type
)
1385 meta
->raw_mode
= arg_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM
;
1387 verbose("unsupported arg_type %d\n", arg_type
);
1391 if (arg_type
== ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR
) {
1392 /* bpf_map_xxx(map_ptr) call: remember that map_ptr */
1393 meta
->map_ptr
= reg
->map_ptr
;
1394 } else if (arg_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_KEY
) {
1395 /* bpf_map_xxx(..., map_ptr, ..., key) call:
1396 * check that [key, key + map->key_size) are within
1397 * stack limits and initialized
1399 if (!meta
->map_ptr
) {
1400 /* in function declaration map_ptr must come before
1401 * map_key, so that it's verified and known before
1402 * we have to check map_key here. Otherwise it means
1403 * that kernel subsystem misconfigured verifier
1405 verbose("invalid map_ptr to access map->key\n");
1408 if (type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
)
1409 err
= check_packet_access(env
, regno
, reg
->off
,
1410 meta
->map_ptr
->key_size
);
1412 err
= check_stack_boundary(env
, regno
,
1413 meta
->map_ptr
->key_size
,
1415 } else if (arg_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
) {
1416 /* bpf_map_xxx(..., map_ptr, ..., value) call:
1417 * check [value, value + map->value_size) validity
1419 if (!meta
->map_ptr
) {
1420 /* kernel subsystem misconfigured verifier */
1421 verbose("invalid map_ptr to access map->value\n");
1424 if (type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
)
1425 err
= check_packet_access(env
, regno
, reg
->off
,
1426 meta
->map_ptr
->value_size
);
1428 err
= check_stack_boundary(env
, regno
,
1429 meta
->map_ptr
->value_size
,
1431 } else if (arg_type
== ARG_CONST_SIZE
||
1432 arg_type
== ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO
) {
1433 bool zero_size_allowed
= (arg_type
== ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO
);
1435 /* bpf_xxx(..., buf, len) call will access 'len' bytes
1436 * from stack pointer 'buf'. Check it
1437 * note: regno == len, regno - 1 == buf
1440 /* kernel subsystem misconfigured verifier */
1441 verbose("ARG_CONST_SIZE cannot be first argument\n");
1445 /* The register is SCALAR_VALUE; the access check
1446 * happens using its boundaries.
1449 if (!tnum_is_const(reg
->var_off
))
1450 /* For unprivileged variable accesses, disable raw
1451 * mode so that the program is required to
1452 * initialize all the memory that the helper could
1453 * just partially fill up.
1457 if (reg
->smin_value
< 0) {
1458 verbose("R%d min value is negative, either use unsigned or 'var &= const'\n",
1463 if (reg
->umin_value
== 0) {
1464 err
= check_helper_mem_access(env
, regno
- 1, 0,
1471 if (reg
->umax_value
>= BPF_MAX_VAR_SIZ
) {
1472 verbose("R%d unbounded memory access, use 'var &= const' or 'if (var < const)'\n",
1476 err
= check_helper_mem_access(env
, regno
- 1,
1478 zero_size_allowed
, meta
);
1483 verbose("R%d type=%s expected=%s\n", regno
,
1484 reg_type_str
[type
], reg_type_str
[expected_type
]);
1488 static int check_map_func_compatibility(struct bpf_map
*map
, int func_id
)
1493 /* We need a two way check, first is from map perspective ... */
1494 switch (map
->map_type
) {
1495 case BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY
:
1496 if (func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_tail_call
)
1499 case BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY
:
1500 if (func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read
&&
1501 func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output
)
1504 case BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE
:
1505 if (func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_get_stackid
)
1508 case BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY
:
1509 if (func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_skb_under_cgroup
&&
1510 func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_current_task_under_cgroup
)
1513 /* devmap returns a pointer to a live net_device ifindex that we cannot
1514 * allow to be modified from bpf side. So do not allow lookup elements
1517 case BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP
:
1518 if (func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_redirect_map
)
1521 case BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS
:
1522 case BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS
:
1523 if (func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_map_lookup_elem
)
1526 case BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP
:
1527 if (func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_sk_redirect_map
&&
1528 func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_sock_map_update
&&
1529 func_id
!= BPF_FUNC_map_delete_elem
)
1536 /* ... and second from the function itself. */
1538 case BPF_FUNC_tail_call
:
1539 if (map
->map_type
!= BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY
)
1542 case BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read
:
1543 case BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output
:
1544 if (map
->map_type
!= BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY
)
1547 case BPF_FUNC_get_stackid
:
1548 if (map
->map_type
!= BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE
)
1551 case BPF_FUNC_current_task_under_cgroup
:
1552 case BPF_FUNC_skb_under_cgroup
:
1553 if (map
->map_type
!= BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY
)
1556 case BPF_FUNC_redirect_map
:
1557 if (map
->map_type
!= BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP
)
1560 case BPF_FUNC_sk_redirect_map
:
1561 if (map
->map_type
!= BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP
)
1564 case BPF_FUNC_sock_map_update
:
1565 if (map
->map_type
!= BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP
)
1574 verbose("cannot pass map_type %d into func %s#%d\n",
1575 map
->map_type
, func_id_name(func_id
), func_id
);
1579 static int check_raw_mode(const struct bpf_func_proto
*fn
)
1583 if (fn
->arg1_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM
)
1585 if (fn
->arg2_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM
)
1587 if (fn
->arg3_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM
)
1589 if (fn
->arg4_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM
)
1591 if (fn
->arg5_type
== ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM
)
1594 return count
> 1 ? -EINVAL
: 0;
1597 /* Packet data might have moved, any old PTR_TO_PACKET[_END] are now invalid,
1598 * so turn them into unknown SCALAR_VALUE.
1600 static void clear_all_pkt_pointers(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
)
1602 struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
= &env
->cur_state
;
1603 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= state
->regs
, *reg
;
1606 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_REG
; i
++)
1607 if (regs
[i
].type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
||
1608 regs
[i
].type
== PTR_TO_PACKET_END
)
1609 mark_reg_unknown(regs
, i
);
1611 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_STACK
; i
+= BPF_REG_SIZE
) {
1612 if (state
->stack_slot_type
[i
] != STACK_SPILL
)
1614 reg
= &state
->spilled_regs
[i
/ BPF_REG_SIZE
];
1615 if (reg
->type
!= PTR_TO_PACKET
&&
1616 reg
->type
!= PTR_TO_PACKET_END
)
1618 __mark_reg_unknown(reg
);
1622 static int check_call(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, int func_id
, int insn_idx
)
1624 struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
= &env
->cur_state
;
1625 const struct bpf_func_proto
*fn
= NULL
;
1626 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= state
->regs
;
1627 struct bpf_call_arg_meta meta
;
1631 /* find function prototype */
1632 if (func_id
< 0 || func_id
>= __BPF_FUNC_MAX_ID
) {
1633 verbose("invalid func %s#%d\n", func_id_name(func_id
), func_id
);
1637 if (env
->prog
->aux
->ops
->get_func_proto
)
1638 fn
= env
->prog
->aux
->ops
->get_func_proto(func_id
);
1641 verbose("unknown func %s#%d\n", func_id_name(func_id
), func_id
);
1645 /* eBPF programs must be GPL compatible to use GPL-ed functions */
1646 if (!env
->prog
->gpl_compatible
&& fn
->gpl_only
) {
1647 verbose("cannot call GPL only function from proprietary program\n");
1651 changes_data
= bpf_helper_changes_pkt_data(fn
->func
);
1653 memset(&meta
, 0, sizeof(meta
));
1654 meta
.pkt_access
= fn
->pkt_access
;
1656 /* We only support one arg being in raw mode at the moment, which
1657 * is sufficient for the helper functions we have right now.
1659 err
= check_raw_mode(fn
);
1661 verbose("kernel subsystem misconfigured func %s#%d\n",
1662 func_id_name(func_id
), func_id
);
1667 err
= check_func_arg(env
, BPF_REG_1
, fn
->arg1_type
, &meta
);
1670 err
= check_func_arg(env
, BPF_REG_2
, fn
->arg2_type
, &meta
);
1673 err
= check_func_arg(env
, BPF_REG_3
, fn
->arg3_type
, &meta
);
1676 err
= check_func_arg(env
, BPF_REG_4
, fn
->arg4_type
, &meta
);
1679 err
= check_func_arg(env
, BPF_REG_5
, fn
->arg5_type
, &meta
);
1683 /* Mark slots with STACK_MISC in case of raw mode, stack offset
1684 * is inferred from register state.
1686 for (i
= 0; i
< meta
.access_size
; i
++) {
1687 err
= check_mem_access(env
, insn_idx
, meta
.regno
, i
, BPF_B
, BPF_WRITE
, -1);
1692 /* reset caller saved regs */
1693 for (i
= 0; i
< CALLER_SAVED_REGS
; i
++) {
1694 mark_reg_not_init(regs
, caller_saved
[i
]);
1695 check_reg_arg(env
, caller_saved
[i
], DST_OP_NO_MARK
);
1698 /* update return register (already marked as written above) */
1699 if (fn
->ret_type
== RET_INTEGER
) {
1700 /* sets type to SCALAR_VALUE */
1701 mark_reg_unknown(regs
, BPF_REG_0
);
1702 } else if (fn
->ret_type
== RET_VOID
) {
1703 regs
[BPF_REG_0
].type
= NOT_INIT
;
1704 } else if (fn
->ret_type
== RET_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
) {
1705 struct bpf_insn_aux_data
*insn_aux
;
1707 regs
[BPF_REG_0
].type
= PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
;
1708 /* There is no offset yet applied, variable or fixed */
1709 mark_reg_known_zero(regs
, BPF_REG_0
);
1710 regs
[BPF_REG_0
].off
= 0;
1711 /* remember map_ptr, so that check_map_access()
1712 * can check 'value_size' boundary of memory access
1713 * to map element returned from bpf_map_lookup_elem()
1715 if (meta
.map_ptr
== NULL
) {
1716 verbose("kernel subsystem misconfigured verifier\n");
1719 regs
[BPF_REG_0
].map_ptr
= meta
.map_ptr
;
1720 regs
[BPF_REG_0
].id
= ++env
->id_gen
;
1721 insn_aux
= &env
->insn_aux_data
[insn_idx
];
1722 if (!insn_aux
->map_ptr
)
1723 insn_aux
->map_ptr
= meta
.map_ptr
;
1724 else if (insn_aux
->map_ptr
!= meta
.map_ptr
)
1725 insn_aux
->map_ptr
= BPF_MAP_PTR_POISON
;
1727 verbose("unknown return type %d of func %s#%d\n",
1728 fn
->ret_type
, func_id_name(func_id
), func_id
);
1732 err
= check_map_func_compatibility(meta
.map_ptr
, func_id
);
1737 clear_all_pkt_pointers(env
);
1741 static void coerce_reg_to_32(struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
)
1743 /* clear high 32 bits */
1744 reg
->var_off
= tnum_cast(reg
->var_off
, 4);
1746 __update_reg_bounds(reg
);
1749 static bool signed_add_overflows(s64 a
, s64 b
)
1751 /* Do the add in u64, where overflow is well-defined */
1752 s64 res
= (s64
)((u64
)a
+ (u64
)b
);
1759 static bool signed_sub_overflows(s64 a
, s64 b
)
1761 /* Do the sub in u64, where overflow is well-defined */
1762 s64 res
= (s64
)((u64
)a
- (u64
)b
);
1769 /* Handles arithmetic on a pointer and a scalar: computes new min/max and var_off.
1770 * Caller should also handle BPF_MOV case separately.
1771 * If we return -EACCES, caller may want to try again treating pointer as a
1772 * scalar. So we only emit a diagnostic if !env->allow_ptr_leaks.
1774 static int adjust_ptr_min_max_vals(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
,
1775 struct bpf_insn
*insn
,
1776 const struct bpf_reg_state
*ptr_reg
,
1777 const struct bpf_reg_state
*off_reg
)
1779 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
, *dst_reg
;
1780 bool known
= tnum_is_const(off_reg
->var_off
);
1781 s64 smin_val
= off_reg
->smin_value
, smax_val
= off_reg
->smax_value
,
1782 smin_ptr
= ptr_reg
->smin_value
, smax_ptr
= ptr_reg
->smax_value
;
1783 u64 umin_val
= off_reg
->umin_value
, umax_val
= off_reg
->umax_value
,
1784 umin_ptr
= ptr_reg
->umin_value
, umax_ptr
= ptr_reg
->umax_value
;
1785 u8 opcode
= BPF_OP(insn
->code
);
1786 u32 dst
= insn
->dst_reg
;
1788 dst_reg
= ®s
[dst
];
1790 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(known
&& (smin_val
!= smax_val
))) {
1791 print_verifier_state(&env
->cur_state
);
1792 verbose("verifier internal error: known but bad sbounds\n");
1795 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(known
&& (umin_val
!= umax_val
))) {
1796 print_verifier_state(&env
->cur_state
);
1797 verbose("verifier internal error: known but bad ubounds\n");
1801 if (BPF_CLASS(insn
->code
) != BPF_ALU64
) {
1802 /* 32-bit ALU ops on pointers produce (meaningless) scalars */
1803 if (!env
->allow_ptr_leaks
)
1804 verbose("R%d 32-bit pointer arithmetic prohibited\n",
1809 if (ptr_reg
->type
== PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
) {
1810 if (!env
->allow_ptr_leaks
)
1811 verbose("R%d pointer arithmetic on PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL prohibited, null-check it first\n",
1815 if (ptr_reg
->type
== CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
) {
1816 if (!env
->allow_ptr_leaks
)
1817 verbose("R%d pointer arithmetic on CONST_PTR_TO_MAP prohibited\n",
1821 if (ptr_reg
->type
== PTR_TO_PACKET_END
) {
1822 if (!env
->allow_ptr_leaks
)
1823 verbose("R%d pointer arithmetic on PTR_TO_PACKET_END prohibited\n",
1828 /* In case of 'scalar += pointer', dst_reg inherits pointer type and id.
1829 * The id may be overwritten later if we create a new variable offset.
1831 dst_reg
->type
= ptr_reg
->type
;
1832 dst_reg
->id
= ptr_reg
->id
;
1836 /* We can take a fixed offset as long as it doesn't overflow
1837 * the s32 'off' field
1839 if (known
&& (ptr_reg
->off
+ smin_val
==
1840 (s64
)(s32
)(ptr_reg
->off
+ smin_val
))) {
1841 /* pointer += K. Accumulate it into fixed offset */
1842 dst_reg
->smin_value
= smin_ptr
;
1843 dst_reg
->smax_value
= smax_ptr
;
1844 dst_reg
->umin_value
= umin_ptr
;
1845 dst_reg
->umax_value
= umax_ptr
;
1846 dst_reg
->var_off
= ptr_reg
->var_off
;
1847 dst_reg
->off
= ptr_reg
->off
+ smin_val
;
1848 dst_reg
->range
= ptr_reg
->range
;
1851 /* A new variable offset is created. Note that off_reg->off
1852 * == 0, since it's a scalar.
1853 * dst_reg gets the pointer type and since some positive
1854 * integer value was added to the pointer, give it a new 'id'
1855 * if it's a PTR_TO_PACKET.
1856 * this creates a new 'base' pointer, off_reg (variable) gets
1857 * added into the variable offset, and we copy the fixed offset
1860 if (signed_add_overflows(smin_ptr
, smin_val
) ||
1861 signed_add_overflows(smax_ptr
, smax_val
)) {
1862 dst_reg
->smin_value
= S64_MIN
;
1863 dst_reg
->smax_value
= S64_MAX
;
1865 dst_reg
->smin_value
= smin_ptr
+ smin_val
;
1866 dst_reg
->smax_value
= smax_ptr
+ smax_val
;
1868 if (umin_ptr
+ umin_val
< umin_ptr
||
1869 umax_ptr
+ umax_val
< umax_ptr
) {
1870 dst_reg
->umin_value
= 0;
1871 dst_reg
->umax_value
= U64_MAX
;
1873 dst_reg
->umin_value
= umin_ptr
+ umin_val
;
1874 dst_reg
->umax_value
= umax_ptr
+ umax_val
;
1876 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_add(ptr_reg
->var_off
, off_reg
->var_off
);
1877 dst_reg
->off
= ptr_reg
->off
;
1878 if (ptr_reg
->type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
) {
1879 dst_reg
->id
= ++env
->id_gen
;
1880 /* something was added to pkt_ptr, set range to zero */
1885 if (dst_reg
== off_reg
) {
1886 /* scalar -= pointer. Creates an unknown scalar */
1887 if (!env
->allow_ptr_leaks
)
1888 verbose("R%d tried to subtract pointer from scalar\n",
1892 /* We don't allow subtraction from FP, because (according to
1893 * test_verifier.c test "invalid fp arithmetic", JITs might not
1894 * be able to deal with it.
1896 if (ptr_reg
->type
== PTR_TO_STACK
) {
1897 if (!env
->allow_ptr_leaks
)
1898 verbose("R%d subtraction from stack pointer prohibited\n",
1902 if (known
&& (ptr_reg
->off
- smin_val
==
1903 (s64
)(s32
)(ptr_reg
->off
- smin_val
))) {
1904 /* pointer -= K. Subtract it from fixed offset */
1905 dst_reg
->smin_value
= smin_ptr
;
1906 dst_reg
->smax_value
= smax_ptr
;
1907 dst_reg
->umin_value
= umin_ptr
;
1908 dst_reg
->umax_value
= umax_ptr
;
1909 dst_reg
->var_off
= ptr_reg
->var_off
;
1910 dst_reg
->id
= ptr_reg
->id
;
1911 dst_reg
->off
= ptr_reg
->off
- smin_val
;
1912 dst_reg
->range
= ptr_reg
->range
;
1915 /* A new variable offset is created. If the subtrahend is known
1916 * nonnegative, then any reg->range we had before is still good.
1918 if (signed_sub_overflows(smin_ptr
, smax_val
) ||
1919 signed_sub_overflows(smax_ptr
, smin_val
)) {
1920 /* Overflow possible, we know nothing */
1921 dst_reg
->smin_value
= S64_MIN
;
1922 dst_reg
->smax_value
= S64_MAX
;
1924 dst_reg
->smin_value
= smin_ptr
- smax_val
;
1925 dst_reg
->smax_value
= smax_ptr
- smin_val
;
1927 if (umin_ptr
< umax_val
) {
1928 /* Overflow possible, we know nothing */
1929 dst_reg
->umin_value
= 0;
1930 dst_reg
->umax_value
= U64_MAX
;
1932 /* Cannot overflow (as long as bounds are consistent) */
1933 dst_reg
->umin_value
= umin_ptr
- umax_val
;
1934 dst_reg
->umax_value
= umax_ptr
- umin_val
;
1936 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_sub(ptr_reg
->var_off
, off_reg
->var_off
);
1937 dst_reg
->off
= ptr_reg
->off
;
1938 if (ptr_reg
->type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
) {
1939 dst_reg
->id
= ++env
->id_gen
;
1940 /* something was added to pkt_ptr, set range to zero */
1948 /* bitwise ops on pointers are troublesome, prohibit for now.
1949 * (However, in principle we could allow some cases, e.g.
1950 * ptr &= ~3 which would reduce min_value by 3.)
1952 if (!env
->allow_ptr_leaks
)
1953 verbose("R%d bitwise operator %s on pointer prohibited\n",
1954 dst
, bpf_alu_string
[opcode
>> 4]);
1957 /* other operators (e.g. MUL,LSH) produce non-pointer results */
1958 if (!env
->allow_ptr_leaks
)
1959 verbose("R%d pointer arithmetic with %s operator prohibited\n",
1960 dst
, bpf_alu_string
[opcode
>> 4]);
1964 __update_reg_bounds(dst_reg
);
1965 __reg_deduce_bounds(dst_reg
);
1966 __reg_bound_offset(dst_reg
);
1970 static int adjust_scalar_min_max_vals(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
,
1971 struct bpf_insn
*insn
,
1972 struct bpf_reg_state
*dst_reg
,
1973 struct bpf_reg_state src_reg
)
1975 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
;
1976 u8 opcode
= BPF_OP(insn
->code
);
1977 bool src_known
, dst_known
;
1978 s64 smin_val
, smax_val
;
1979 u64 umin_val
, umax_val
;
1981 if (BPF_CLASS(insn
->code
) != BPF_ALU64
) {
1982 /* 32-bit ALU ops are (32,32)->64 */
1983 coerce_reg_to_32(dst_reg
);
1984 coerce_reg_to_32(&src_reg
);
1986 smin_val
= src_reg
.smin_value
;
1987 smax_val
= src_reg
.smax_value
;
1988 umin_val
= src_reg
.umin_value
;
1989 umax_val
= src_reg
.umax_value
;
1990 src_known
= tnum_is_const(src_reg
.var_off
);
1991 dst_known
= tnum_is_const(dst_reg
->var_off
);
1995 if (signed_add_overflows(dst_reg
->smin_value
, smin_val
) ||
1996 signed_add_overflows(dst_reg
->smax_value
, smax_val
)) {
1997 dst_reg
->smin_value
= S64_MIN
;
1998 dst_reg
->smax_value
= S64_MAX
;
2000 dst_reg
->smin_value
+= smin_val
;
2001 dst_reg
->smax_value
+= smax_val
;
2003 if (dst_reg
->umin_value
+ umin_val
< umin_val
||
2004 dst_reg
->umax_value
+ umax_val
< umax_val
) {
2005 dst_reg
->umin_value
= 0;
2006 dst_reg
->umax_value
= U64_MAX
;
2008 dst_reg
->umin_value
+= umin_val
;
2009 dst_reg
->umax_value
+= umax_val
;
2011 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_add(dst_reg
->var_off
, src_reg
.var_off
);
2014 if (signed_sub_overflows(dst_reg
->smin_value
, smax_val
) ||
2015 signed_sub_overflows(dst_reg
->smax_value
, smin_val
)) {
2016 /* Overflow possible, we know nothing */
2017 dst_reg
->smin_value
= S64_MIN
;
2018 dst_reg
->smax_value
= S64_MAX
;
2020 dst_reg
->smin_value
-= smax_val
;
2021 dst_reg
->smax_value
-= smin_val
;
2023 if (dst_reg
->umin_value
< umax_val
) {
2024 /* Overflow possible, we know nothing */
2025 dst_reg
->umin_value
= 0;
2026 dst_reg
->umax_value
= U64_MAX
;
2028 /* Cannot overflow (as long as bounds are consistent) */
2029 dst_reg
->umin_value
-= umax_val
;
2030 dst_reg
->umax_value
-= umin_val
;
2032 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_sub(dst_reg
->var_off
, src_reg
.var_off
);
2035 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_mul(dst_reg
->var_off
, src_reg
.var_off
);
2036 if (smin_val
< 0 || dst_reg
->smin_value
< 0) {
2037 /* Ain't nobody got time to multiply that sign */
2038 __mark_reg_unbounded(dst_reg
);
2039 __update_reg_bounds(dst_reg
);
2042 /* Both values are positive, so we can work with unsigned and
2043 * copy the result to signed (unless it exceeds S64_MAX).
2045 if (umax_val
> U32_MAX
|| dst_reg
->umax_value
> U32_MAX
) {
2046 /* Potential overflow, we know nothing */
2047 __mark_reg_unbounded(dst_reg
);
2048 /* (except what we can learn from the var_off) */
2049 __update_reg_bounds(dst_reg
);
2052 dst_reg
->umin_value
*= umin_val
;
2053 dst_reg
->umax_value
*= umax_val
;
2054 if (dst_reg
->umax_value
> S64_MAX
) {
2055 /* Overflow possible, we know nothing */
2056 dst_reg
->smin_value
= S64_MIN
;
2057 dst_reg
->smax_value
= S64_MAX
;
2059 dst_reg
->smin_value
= dst_reg
->umin_value
;
2060 dst_reg
->smax_value
= dst_reg
->umax_value
;
2064 if (src_known
&& dst_known
) {
2065 __mark_reg_known(dst_reg
, dst_reg
->var_off
.value
&
2066 src_reg
.var_off
.value
);
2069 /* We get our minimum from the var_off, since that's inherently
2070 * bitwise. Our maximum is the minimum of the operands' maxima.
2072 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_and(dst_reg
->var_off
, src_reg
.var_off
);
2073 dst_reg
->umin_value
= dst_reg
->var_off
.value
;
2074 dst_reg
->umax_value
= min(dst_reg
->umax_value
, umax_val
);
2075 if (dst_reg
->smin_value
< 0 || smin_val
< 0) {
2076 /* Lose signed bounds when ANDing negative numbers,
2077 * ain't nobody got time for that.
2079 dst_reg
->smin_value
= S64_MIN
;
2080 dst_reg
->smax_value
= S64_MAX
;
2082 /* ANDing two positives gives a positive, so safe to
2083 * cast result into s64.
2085 dst_reg
->smin_value
= dst_reg
->umin_value
;
2086 dst_reg
->smax_value
= dst_reg
->umax_value
;
2088 /* We may learn something more from the var_off */
2089 __update_reg_bounds(dst_reg
);
2092 if (src_known
&& dst_known
) {
2093 __mark_reg_known(dst_reg
, dst_reg
->var_off
.value
|
2094 src_reg
.var_off
.value
);
2097 /* We get our maximum from the var_off, and our minimum is the
2098 * maximum of the operands' minima
2100 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_or(dst_reg
->var_off
, src_reg
.var_off
);
2101 dst_reg
->umin_value
= max(dst_reg
->umin_value
, umin_val
);
2102 dst_reg
->umax_value
= dst_reg
->var_off
.value
|
2103 dst_reg
->var_off
.mask
;
2104 if (dst_reg
->smin_value
< 0 || smin_val
< 0) {
2105 /* Lose signed bounds when ORing negative numbers,
2106 * ain't nobody got time for that.
2108 dst_reg
->smin_value
= S64_MIN
;
2109 dst_reg
->smax_value
= S64_MAX
;
2111 /* ORing two positives gives a positive, so safe to
2112 * cast result into s64.
2114 dst_reg
->smin_value
= dst_reg
->umin_value
;
2115 dst_reg
->smax_value
= dst_reg
->umax_value
;
2117 /* We may learn something more from the var_off */
2118 __update_reg_bounds(dst_reg
);
2121 if (umax_val
> 63) {
2122 /* Shifts greater than 63 are undefined. This includes
2123 * shifts by a negative number.
2125 mark_reg_unknown(regs
, insn
->dst_reg
);
2128 /* We lose all sign bit information (except what we can pick
2131 dst_reg
->smin_value
= S64_MIN
;
2132 dst_reg
->smax_value
= S64_MAX
;
2133 /* If we might shift our top bit out, then we know nothing */
2134 if (dst_reg
->umax_value
> 1ULL << (63 - umax_val
)) {
2135 dst_reg
->umin_value
= 0;
2136 dst_reg
->umax_value
= U64_MAX
;
2138 dst_reg
->umin_value
<<= umin_val
;
2139 dst_reg
->umax_value
<<= umax_val
;
2142 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_lshift(dst_reg
->var_off
, umin_val
);
2144 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_lshift(tnum_unknown
, umin_val
);
2145 /* We may learn something more from the var_off */
2146 __update_reg_bounds(dst_reg
);
2149 if (umax_val
> 63) {
2150 /* Shifts greater than 63 are undefined. This includes
2151 * shifts by a negative number.
2153 mark_reg_unknown(regs
, insn
->dst_reg
);
2156 /* BPF_RSH is an unsigned shift, so make the appropriate casts */
2157 if (dst_reg
->smin_value
< 0) {
2159 /* Sign bit will be cleared */
2160 dst_reg
->smin_value
= 0;
2162 /* Lost sign bit information */
2163 dst_reg
->smin_value
= S64_MIN
;
2164 dst_reg
->smax_value
= S64_MAX
;
2167 dst_reg
->smin_value
=
2168 (u64
)(dst_reg
->smin_value
) >> umax_val
;
2171 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_rshift(dst_reg
->var_off
,
2174 dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_rshift(tnum_unknown
, umin_val
);
2175 dst_reg
->umin_value
>>= umax_val
;
2176 dst_reg
->umax_value
>>= umin_val
;
2177 /* We may learn something more from the var_off */
2178 __update_reg_bounds(dst_reg
);
2181 mark_reg_unknown(regs
, insn
->dst_reg
);
2185 __reg_deduce_bounds(dst_reg
);
2186 __reg_bound_offset(dst_reg
);
2190 /* Handles ALU ops other than BPF_END, BPF_NEG and BPF_MOV: computes new min/max
2193 static int adjust_reg_min_max_vals(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
,
2194 struct bpf_insn
*insn
)
2196 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
, *dst_reg
, *src_reg
;
2197 struct bpf_reg_state
*ptr_reg
= NULL
, off_reg
= {0};
2198 u8 opcode
= BPF_OP(insn
->code
);
2201 dst_reg
= ®s
[insn
->dst_reg
];
2203 if (dst_reg
->type
!= SCALAR_VALUE
)
2205 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
) {
2206 src_reg
= ®s
[insn
->src_reg
];
2207 if (src_reg
->type
!= SCALAR_VALUE
) {
2208 if (dst_reg
->type
!= SCALAR_VALUE
) {
2209 /* Combining two pointers by any ALU op yields
2210 * an arbitrary scalar.
2212 if (!env
->allow_ptr_leaks
) {
2213 verbose("R%d pointer %s pointer prohibited\n",
2215 bpf_alu_string
[opcode
>> 4]);
2218 mark_reg_unknown(regs
, insn
->dst_reg
);
2221 /* scalar += pointer
2222 * This is legal, but we have to reverse our
2223 * src/dest handling in computing the range
2225 rc
= adjust_ptr_min_max_vals(env
, insn
,
2227 if (rc
== -EACCES
&& env
->allow_ptr_leaks
) {
2228 /* scalar += unknown scalar */
2229 __mark_reg_unknown(&off_reg
);
2230 return adjust_scalar_min_max_vals(
2236 } else if (ptr_reg
) {
2237 /* pointer += scalar */
2238 rc
= adjust_ptr_min_max_vals(env
, insn
,
2240 if (rc
== -EACCES
&& env
->allow_ptr_leaks
) {
2241 /* unknown scalar += scalar */
2242 __mark_reg_unknown(dst_reg
);
2243 return adjust_scalar_min_max_vals(
2244 env
, insn
, dst_reg
, *src_reg
);
2249 /* Pretend the src is a reg with a known value, since we only
2250 * need to be able to read from this state.
2252 off_reg
.type
= SCALAR_VALUE
;
2253 __mark_reg_known(&off_reg
, insn
->imm
);
2255 if (ptr_reg
) { /* pointer += K */
2256 rc
= adjust_ptr_min_max_vals(env
, insn
,
2258 if (rc
== -EACCES
&& env
->allow_ptr_leaks
) {
2259 /* unknown scalar += K */
2260 __mark_reg_unknown(dst_reg
);
2261 return adjust_scalar_min_max_vals(
2262 env
, insn
, dst_reg
, off_reg
);
2268 /* Got here implies adding two SCALAR_VALUEs */
2269 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ptr_reg
)) {
2270 print_verifier_state(&env
->cur_state
);
2271 verbose("verifier internal error: unexpected ptr_reg\n");
2274 if (WARN_ON(!src_reg
)) {
2275 print_verifier_state(&env
->cur_state
);
2276 verbose("verifier internal error: no src_reg\n");
2279 return adjust_scalar_min_max_vals(env
, insn
, dst_reg
, *src_reg
);
2282 /* check validity of 32-bit and 64-bit arithmetic operations */
2283 static int check_alu_op(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, struct bpf_insn
*insn
)
2285 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
;
2286 u8 opcode
= BPF_OP(insn
->code
);
2289 if (opcode
== BPF_END
|| opcode
== BPF_NEG
) {
2290 if (opcode
== BPF_NEG
) {
2291 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) != 0 ||
2292 insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
||
2293 insn
->off
!= 0 || insn
->imm
!= 0) {
2294 verbose("BPF_NEG uses reserved fields\n");
2298 if (insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
|| insn
->off
!= 0 ||
2299 (insn
->imm
!= 16 && insn
->imm
!= 32 && insn
->imm
!= 64) ||
2300 BPF_CLASS(insn
->code
) == BPF_ALU64
) {
2301 verbose("BPF_END uses reserved fields\n");
2306 /* check src operand */
2307 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, SRC_OP
);
2311 if (is_pointer_value(env
, insn
->dst_reg
)) {
2312 verbose("R%d pointer arithmetic prohibited\n",
2317 /* check dest operand */
2318 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, DST_OP
);
2322 } else if (opcode
== BPF_MOV
) {
2324 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
) {
2325 if (insn
->imm
!= 0 || insn
->off
!= 0) {
2326 verbose("BPF_MOV uses reserved fields\n");
2330 /* check src operand */
2331 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->src_reg
, SRC_OP
);
2335 if (insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
|| insn
->off
!= 0) {
2336 verbose("BPF_MOV uses reserved fields\n");
2341 /* check dest operand */
2342 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, DST_OP
);
2346 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
) {
2347 if (BPF_CLASS(insn
->code
) == BPF_ALU64
) {
2349 * copy register state to dest reg
2351 regs
[insn
->dst_reg
] = regs
[insn
->src_reg
];
2352 regs
[insn
->dst_reg
].live
|= REG_LIVE_WRITTEN
;
2355 if (is_pointer_value(env
, insn
->src_reg
)) {
2356 verbose("R%d partial copy of pointer\n",
2360 mark_reg_unknown(regs
, insn
->dst_reg
);
2361 /* high 32 bits are known zero. */
2362 regs
[insn
->dst_reg
].var_off
= tnum_cast(
2363 regs
[insn
->dst_reg
].var_off
, 4);
2364 __update_reg_bounds(®s
[insn
->dst_reg
]);
2368 * remember the value we stored into this reg
2370 regs
[insn
->dst_reg
].type
= SCALAR_VALUE
;
2371 __mark_reg_known(regs
+ insn
->dst_reg
, insn
->imm
);
2374 } else if (opcode
> BPF_END
) {
2375 verbose("invalid BPF_ALU opcode %x\n", opcode
);
2378 } else { /* all other ALU ops: and, sub, xor, add, ... */
2380 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
) {
2381 if (insn
->imm
!= 0 || insn
->off
!= 0) {
2382 verbose("BPF_ALU uses reserved fields\n");
2385 /* check src1 operand */
2386 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->src_reg
, SRC_OP
);
2390 if (insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
|| insn
->off
!= 0) {
2391 verbose("BPF_ALU uses reserved fields\n");
2396 /* check src2 operand */
2397 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, SRC_OP
);
2401 if ((opcode
== BPF_MOD
|| opcode
== BPF_DIV
) &&
2402 BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_K
&& insn
->imm
== 0) {
2403 verbose("div by zero\n");
2407 if ((opcode
== BPF_LSH
|| opcode
== BPF_RSH
||
2408 opcode
== BPF_ARSH
) && BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_K
) {
2409 int size
= BPF_CLASS(insn
->code
) == BPF_ALU64
? 64 : 32;
2411 if (insn
->imm
< 0 || insn
->imm
>= size
) {
2412 verbose("invalid shift %d\n", insn
->imm
);
2417 /* check dest operand */
2418 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, DST_OP_NO_MARK
);
2422 return adjust_reg_min_max_vals(env
, insn
);
2428 static void find_good_pkt_pointers(struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
,
2429 struct bpf_reg_state
*dst_reg
)
2431 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= state
->regs
, *reg
;
2434 if (dst_reg
->off
< 0)
2435 /* This doesn't give us any range */
2438 if (dst_reg
->umax_value
> MAX_PACKET_OFF
||
2439 dst_reg
->umax_value
+ dst_reg
->off
> MAX_PACKET_OFF
)
2440 /* Risk of overflow. For instance, ptr + (1<<63) may be less
2441 * than pkt_end, but that's because it's also less than pkt.
2445 /* LLVM can generate four kind of checks:
2451 * if (r2 > pkt_end) goto <handle exception>
2456 * if (r2 < pkt_end) goto <access okay>
2457 * <handle exception>
2460 * r2 == dst_reg, pkt_end == src_reg
2461 * r2=pkt(id=n,off=8,r=0)
2462 * r3=pkt(id=n,off=0,r=0)
2468 * if (pkt_end >= r2) goto <access okay>
2469 * <handle exception>
2473 * if (pkt_end <= r2) goto <handle exception>
2477 * pkt_end == dst_reg, r2 == src_reg
2478 * r2=pkt(id=n,off=8,r=0)
2479 * r3=pkt(id=n,off=0,r=0)
2481 * Find register r3 and mark its range as r3=pkt(id=n,off=0,r=8)
2482 * so that range of bytes [r3, r3 + 8) is safe to access.
2485 /* If our ids match, then we must have the same max_value. And we
2486 * don't care about the other reg's fixed offset, since if it's too big
2487 * the range won't allow anything.
2488 * dst_reg->off is known < MAX_PACKET_OFF, therefore it fits in a u16.
2490 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_REG
; i
++)
2491 if (regs
[i
].type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
&& regs
[i
].id
== dst_reg
->id
)
2492 /* keep the maximum range already checked */
2493 regs
[i
].range
= max_t(u16
, regs
[i
].range
, dst_reg
->off
);
2495 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_STACK
; i
+= BPF_REG_SIZE
) {
2496 if (state
->stack_slot_type
[i
] != STACK_SPILL
)
2498 reg
= &state
->spilled_regs
[i
/ BPF_REG_SIZE
];
2499 if (reg
->type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
&& reg
->id
== dst_reg
->id
)
2500 reg
->range
= max_t(u16
, reg
->range
, dst_reg
->off
);
2504 /* Adjusts the register min/max values in the case that the dst_reg is the
2505 * variable register that we are working on, and src_reg is a constant or we're
2506 * simply doing a BPF_K check.
2507 * In JEQ/JNE cases we also adjust the var_off values.
2509 static void reg_set_min_max(struct bpf_reg_state
*true_reg
,
2510 struct bpf_reg_state
*false_reg
, u64 val
,
2513 /* If the dst_reg is a pointer, we can't learn anything about its
2514 * variable offset from the compare (unless src_reg were a pointer into
2515 * the same object, but we don't bother with that.
2516 * Since false_reg and true_reg have the same type by construction, we
2517 * only need to check one of them for pointerness.
2519 if (__is_pointer_value(false, false_reg
))
2524 /* If this is false then we know nothing Jon Snow, but if it is
2525 * true then we know for sure.
2527 __mark_reg_known(true_reg
, val
);
2530 /* If this is true we know nothing Jon Snow, but if it is false
2531 * we know the value for sure;
2533 __mark_reg_known(false_reg
, val
);
2536 false_reg
->umax_value
= min(false_reg
->umax_value
, val
);
2537 true_reg
->umin_value
= max(true_reg
->umin_value
, val
+ 1);
2540 false_reg
->smax_value
= min_t(s64
, false_reg
->smax_value
, val
);
2541 true_reg
->smin_value
= max_t(s64
, true_reg
->smin_value
, val
+ 1);
2544 false_reg
->umin_value
= max(false_reg
->umin_value
, val
);
2545 true_reg
->umax_value
= min(true_reg
->umax_value
, val
- 1);
2548 false_reg
->smin_value
= max_t(s64
, false_reg
->smin_value
, val
);
2549 true_reg
->smax_value
= min_t(s64
, true_reg
->smax_value
, val
- 1);
2552 false_reg
->umax_value
= min(false_reg
->umax_value
, val
- 1);
2553 true_reg
->umin_value
= max(true_reg
->umin_value
, val
);
2556 false_reg
->smax_value
= min_t(s64
, false_reg
->smax_value
, val
- 1);
2557 true_reg
->smin_value
= max_t(s64
, true_reg
->smin_value
, val
);
2560 false_reg
->umin_value
= max(false_reg
->umin_value
, val
+ 1);
2561 true_reg
->umax_value
= min(true_reg
->umax_value
, val
);
2564 false_reg
->smin_value
= max_t(s64
, false_reg
->smin_value
, val
+ 1);
2565 true_reg
->smax_value
= min_t(s64
, true_reg
->smax_value
, val
);
2571 __reg_deduce_bounds(false_reg
);
2572 __reg_deduce_bounds(true_reg
);
2573 /* We might have learned some bits from the bounds. */
2574 __reg_bound_offset(false_reg
);
2575 __reg_bound_offset(true_reg
);
2576 /* Intersecting with the old var_off might have improved our bounds
2577 * slightly. e.g. if umax was 0x7f...f and var_off was (0; 0xf...fc),
2578 * then new var_off is (0; 0x7f...fc) which improves our umax.
2580 __update_reg_bounds(false_reg
);
2581 __update_reg_bounds(true_reg
);
2584 /* Same as above, but for the case that dst_reg holds a constant and src_reg is
2587 static void reg_set_min_max_inv(struct bpf_reg_state
*true_reg
,
2588 struct bpf_reg_state
*false_reg
, u64 val
,
2591 if (__is_pointer_value(false, false_reg
))
2596 /* If this is false then we know nothing Jon Snow, but if it is
2597 * true then we know for sure.
2599 __mark_reg_known(true_reg
, val
);
2602 /* If this is true we know nothing Jon Snow, but if it is false
2603 * we know the value for sure;
2605 __mark_reg_known(false_reg
, val
);
2608 true_reg
->umax_value
= min(true_reg
->umax_value
, val
- 1);
2609 false_reg
->umin_value
= max(false_reg
->umin_value
, val
);
2612 true_reg
->smax_value
= min_t(s64
, true_reg
->smax_value
, val
- 1);
2613 false_reg
->smin_value
= max_t(s64
, false_reg
->smin_value
, val
);
2616 true_reg
->umin_value
= max(true_reg
->umin_value
, val
+ 1);
2617 false_reg
->umax_value
= min(false_reg
->umax_value
, val
);
2620 true_reg
->smin_value
= max_t(s64
, true_reg
->smin_value
, val
+ 1);
2621 false_reg
->smax_value
= min_t(s64
, false_reg
->smax_value
, val
);
2624 true_reg
->umax_value
= min(true_reg
->umax_value
, val
);
2625 false_reg
->umin_value
= max(false_reg
->umin_value
, val
+ 1);
2628 true_reg
->smax_value
= min_t(s64
, true_reg
->smax_value
, val
);
2629 false_reg
->smin_value
= max_t(s64
, false_reg
->smin_value
, val
+ 1);
2632 true_reg
->umin_value
= max(true_reg
->umin_value
, val
);
2633 false_reg
->umax_value
= min(false_reg
->umax_value
, val
- 1);
2636 true_reg
->smin_value
= max_t(s64
, true_reg
->smin_value
, val
);
2637 false_reg
->smax_value
= min_t(s64
, false_reg
->smax_value
, val
- 1);
2643 __reg_deduce_bounds(false_reg
);
2644 __reg_deduce_bounds(true_reg
);
2645 /* We might have learned some bits from the bounds. */
2646 __reg_bound_offset(false_reg
);
2647 __reg_bound_offset(true_reg
);
2648 /* Intersecting with the old var_off might have improved our bounds
2649 * slightly. e.g. if umax was 0x7f...f and var_off was (0; 0xf...fc),
2650 * then new var_off is (0; 0x7f...fc) which improves our umax.
2652 __update_reg_bounds(false_reg
);
2653 __update_reg_bounds(true_reg
);
2656 /* Regs are known to be equal, so intersect their min/max/var_off */
2657 static void __reg_combine_min_max(struct bpf_reg_state
*src_reg
,
2658 struct bpf_reg_state
*dst_reg
)
2660 src_reg
->umin_value
= dst_reg
->umin_value
= max(src_reg
->umin_value
,
2661 dst_reg
->umin_value
);
2662 src_reg
->umax_value
= dst_reg
->umax_value
= min(src_reg
->umax_value
,
2663 dst_reg
->umax_value
);
2664 src_reg
->smin_value
= dst_reg
->smin_value
= max(src_reg
->smin_value
,
2665 dst_reg
->smin_value
);
2666 src_reg
->smax_value
= dst_reg
->smax_value
= min(src_reg
->smax_value
,
2667 dst_reg
->smax_value
);
2668 src_reg
->var_off
= dst_reg
->var_off
= tnum_intersect(src_reg
->var_off
,
2670 /* We might have learned new bounds from the var_off. */
2671 __update_reg_bounds(src_reg
);
2672 __update_reg_bounds(dst_reg
);
2673 /* We might have learned something about the sign bit. */
2674 __reg_deduce_bounds(src_reg
);
2675 __reg_deduce_bounds(dst_reg
);
2676 /* We might have learned some bits from the bounds. */
2677 __reg_bound_offset(src_reg
);
2678 __reg_bound_offset(dst_reg
);
2679 /* Intersecting with the old var_off might have improved our bounds
2680 * slightly. e.g. if umax was 0x7f...f and var_off was (0; 0xf...fc),
2681 * then new var_off is (0; 0x7f...fc) which improves our umax.
2683 __update_reg_bounds(src_reg
);
2684 __update_reg_bounds(dst_reg
);
2687 static void reg_combine_min_max(struct bpf_reg_state
*true_src
,
2688 struct bpf_reg_state
*true_dst
,
2689 struct bpf_reg_state
*false_src
,
2690 struct bpf_reg_state
*false_dst
,
2695 __reg_combine_min_max(true_src
, true_dst
);
2698 __reg_combine_min_max(false_src
, false_dst
);
2703 static void mark_map_reg(struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
, u32 regno
, u32 id
,
2706 struct bpf_reg_state
*reg
= ®s
[regno
];
2708 if (reg
->type
== PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
&& reg
->id
== id
) {
2709 /* Old offset (both fixed and variable parts) should
2710 * have been known-zero, because we don't allow pointer
2711 * arithmetic on pointers that might be NULL.
2713 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(reg
->smin_value
|| reg
->smax_value
||
2714 !tnum_equals_const(reg
->var_off
, 0) ||
2716 __mark_reg_known_zero(reg
);
2720 reg
->type
= SCALAR_VALUE
;
2721 } else if (reg
->map_ptr
->inner_map_meta
) {
2722 reg
->type
= CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
;
2723 reg
->map_ptr
= reg
->map_ptr
->inner_map_meta
;
2725 reg
->type
= PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
;
2727 /* We don't need id from this point onwards anymore, thus we
2728 * should better reset it, so that state pruning has chances
2735 /* The logic is similar to find_good_pkt_pointers(), both could eventually
2736 * be folded together at some point.
2738 static void mark_map_regs(struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
, u32 regno
,
2741 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= state
->regs
;
2742 u32 id
= regs
[regno
].id
;
2745 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_REG
; i
++)
2746 mark_map_reg(regs
, i
, id
, is_null
);
2748 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_STACK
; i
+= BPF_REG_SIZE
) {
2749 if (state
->stack_slot_type
[i
] != STACK_SPILL
)
2751 mark_map_reg(state
->spilled_regs
, i
/ BPF_REG_SIZE
, id
, is_null
);
2755 static int check_cond_jmp_op(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
,
2756 struct bpf_insn
*insn
, int *insn_idx
)
2758 struct bpf_verifier_state
*other_branch
, *this_branch
= &env
->cur_state
;
2759 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= this_branch
->regs
, *dst_reg
;
2760 u8 opcode
= BPF_OP(insn
->code
);
2763 if (opcode
> BPF_JSLE
) {
2764 verbose("invalid BPF_JMP opcode %x\n", opcode
);
2768 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
) {
2769 if (insn
->imm
!= 0) {
2770 verbose("BPF_JMP uses reserved fields\n");
2774 /* check src1 operand */
2775 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->src_reg
, SRC_OP
);
2779 if (is_pointer_value(env
, insn
->src_reg
)) {
2780 verbose("R%d pointer comparison prohibited\n",
2785 if (insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
) {
2786 verbose("BPF_JMP uses reserved fields\n");
2791 /* check src2 operand */
2792 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, SRC_OP
);
2796 dst_reg
= ®s
[insn
->dst_reg
];
2798 /* detect if R == 0 where R was initialized to zero earlier */
2799 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_K
&&
2800 (opcode
== BPF_JEQ
|| opcode
== BPF_JNE
) &&
2801 dst_reg
->type
== SCALAR_VALUE
&&
2802 tnum_equals_const(dst_reg
->var_off
, insn
->imm
)) {
2803 if (opcode
== BPF_JEQ
) {
2804 /* if (imm == imm) goto pc+off;
2805 * only follow the goto, ignore fall-through
2807 *insn_idx
+= insn
->off
;
2810 /* if (imm != imm) goto pc+off;
2811 * only follow fall-through branch, since
2812 * that's where the program will go
2818 other_branch
= push_stack(env
, *insn_idx
+ insn
->off
+ 1, *insn_idx
);
2822 /* detect if we are comparing against a constant value so we can adjust
2823 * our min/max values for our dst register.
2824 * this is only legit if both are scalars (or pointers to the same
2825 * object, I suppose, but we don't support that right now), because
2826 * otherwise the different base pointers mean the offsets aren't
2829 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
) {
2830 if (dst_reg
->type
== SCALAR_VALUE
&&
2831 regs
[insn
->src_reg
].type
== SCALAR_VALUE
) {
2832 if (tnum_is_const(regs
[insn
->src_reg
].var_off
))
2833 reg_set_min_max(&other_branch
->regs
[insn
->dst_reg
],
2834 dst_reg
, regs
[insn
->src_reg
].var_off
.value
,
2836 else if (tnum_is_const(dst_reg
->var_off
))
2837 reg_set_min_max_inv(&other_branch
->regs
[insn
->src_reg
],
2838 ®s
[insn
->src_reg
],
2839 dst_reg
->var_off
.value
, opcode
);
2840 else if (opcode
== BPF_JEQ
|| opcode
== BPF_JNE
)
2841 /* Comparing for equality, we can combine knowledge */
2842 reg_combine_min_max(&other_branch
->regs
[insn
->src_reg
],
2843 &other_branch
->regs
[insn
->dst_reg
],
2844 ®s
[insn
->src_reg
],
2845 ®s
[insn
->dst_reg
], opcode
);
2847 } else if (dst_reg
->type
== SCALAR_VALUE
) {
2848 reg_set_min_max(&other_branch
->regs
[insn
->dst_reg
],
2849 dst_reg
, insn
->imm
, opcode
);
2852 /* detect if R == 0 where R is returned from bpf_map_lookup_elem() */
2853 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_K
&&
2854 insn
->imm
== 0 && (opcode
== BPF_JEQ
|| opcode
== BPF_JNE
) &&
2855 dst_reg
->type
== PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
) {
2856 /* Mark all identical map registers in each branch as either
2857 * safe or unknown depending R == 0 or R != 0 conditional.
2859 mark_map_regs(this_branch
, insn
->dst_reg
, opcode
== BPF_JNE
);
2860 mark_map_regs(other_branch
, insn
->dst_reg
, opcode
== BPF_JEQ
);
2861 } else if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
&& opcode
== BPF_JGT
&&
2862 dst_reg
->type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
&&
2863 regs
[insn
->src_reg
].type
== PTR_TO_PACKET_END
) {
2864 find_good_pkt_pointers(this_branch
, dst_reg
);
2865 } else if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
&& opcode
== BPF_JLT
&&
2866 dst_reg
->type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
&&
2867 regs
[insn
->src_reg
].type
== PTR_TO_PACKET_END
) {
2868 find_good_pkt_pointers(other_branch
, dst_reg
);
2869 } else if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
&& opcode
== BPF_JGE
&&
2870 dst_reg
->type
== PTR_TO_PACKET_END
&&
2871 regs
[insn
->src_reg
].type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
) {
2872 find_good_pkt_pointers(other_branch
, ®s
[insn
->src_reg
]);
2873 } else if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) == BPF_X
&& opcode
== BPF_JLE
&&
2874 dst_reg
->type
== PTR_TO_PACKET_END
&&
2875 regs
[insn
->src_reg
].type
== PTR_TO_PACKET
) {
2876 find_good_pkt_pointers(this_branch
, ®s
[insn
->src_reg
]);
2877 } else if (is_pointer_value(env
, insn
->dst_reg
)) {
2878 verbose("R%d pointer comparison prohibited\n", insn
->dst_reg
);
2882 print_verifier_state(this_branch
);
2886 /* return the map pointer stored inside BPF_LD_IMM64 instruction */
2887 static struct bpf_map
*ld_imm64_to_map_ptr(struct bpf_insn
*insn
)
2889 u64 imm64
= ((u64
) (u32
) insn
[0].imm
) | ((u64
) (u32
) insn
[1].imm
) << 32;
2891 return (struct bpf_map
*) (unsigned long) imm64
;
2894 /* verify BPF_LD_IMM64 instruction */
2895 static int check_ld_imm(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, struct bpf_insn
*insn
)
2897 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
;
2900 if (BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) != BPF_DW
) {
2901 verbose("invalid BPF_LD_IMM insn\n");
2904 if (insn
->off
!= 0) {
2905 verbose("BPF_LD_IMM64 uses reserved fields\n");
2909 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, DST_OP
);
2913 if (insn
->src_reg
== 0) {
2914 u64 imm
= ((u64
)(insn
+ 1)->imm
<< 32) | (u32
)insn
->imm
;
2916 regs
[insn
->dst_reg
].type
= SCALAR_VALUE
;
2917 __mark_reg_known(®s
[insn
->dst_reg
], imm
);
2921 /* replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr() should have caught bad ld_imm64 */
2922 BUG_ON(insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD
);
2924 regs
[insn
->dst_reg
].type
= CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
;
2925 regs
[insn
->dst_reg
].map_ptr
= ld_imm64_to_map_ptr(insn
);
2929 static bool may_access_skb(enum bpf_prog_type type
)
2932 case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER
:
2933 case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS
:
2934 case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT
:
2941 /* verify safety of LD_ABS|LD_IND instructions:
2942 * - they can only appear in the programs where ctx == skb
2943 * - since they are wrappers of function calls, they scratch R1-R5 registers,
2944 * preserve R6-R9, and store return value into R0
2947 * ctx == skb == R6 == CTX
2950 * SRC == any register
2951 * IMM == 32-bit immediate
2954 * R0 - 8/16/32-bit skb data converted to cpu endianness
2956 static int check_ld_abs(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, struct bpf_insn
*insn
)
2958 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= env
->cur_state
.regs
;
2959 u8 mode
= BPF_MODE(insn
->code
);
2962 if (!may_access_skb(env
->prog
->type
)) {
2963 verbose("BPF_LD_[ABS|IND] instructions not allowed for this program type\n");
2967 if (insn
->dst_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
|| insn
->off
!= 0 ||
2968 BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
) == BPF_DW
||
2969 (mode
== BPF_ABS
&& insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
)) {
2970 verbose("BPF_LD_[ABS|IND] uses reserved fields\n");
2974 /* check whether implicit source operand (register R6) is readable */
2975 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, BPF_REG_6
, SRC_OP
);
2979 if (regs
[BPF_REG_6
].type
!= PTR_TO_CTX
) {
2980 verbose("at the time of BPF_LD_ABS|IND R6 != pointer to skb\n");
2984 if (mode
== BPF_IND
) {
2985 /* check explicit source operand */
2986 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->src_reg
, SRC_OP
);
2991 /* reset caller saved regs to unreadable */
2992 for (i
= 0; i
< CALLER_SAVED_REGS
; i
++) {
2993 mark_reg_not_init(regs
, caller_saved
[i
]);
2994 check_reg_arg(env
, caller_saved
[i
], DST_OP_NO_MARK
);
2997 /* mark destination R0 register as readable, since it contains
2998 * the value fetched from the packet.
2999 * Already marked as written above.
3001 mark_reg_unknown(regs
, BPF_REG_0
);
3005 /* non-recursive DFS pseudo code
3006 * 1 procedure DFS-iterative(G,v):
3007 * 2 label v as discovered
3008 * 3 let S be a stack
3010 * 5 while S is not empty
3012 * 7 if t is what we're looking for:
3014 * 9 for all edges e in G.adjacentEdges(t) do
3015 * 10 if edge e is already labelled
3016 * 11 continue with the next edge
3017 * 12 w <- G.adjacentVertex(t,e)
3018 * 13 if vertex w is not discovered and not explored
3019 * 14 label e as tree-edge
3020 * 15 label w as discovered
3023 * 18 else if vertex w is discovered
3024 * 19 label e as back-edge
3026 * 21 // vertex w is explored
3027 * 22 label e as forward- or cross-edge
3028 * 23 label t as explored
3033 * 0x11 - discovered and fall-through edge labelled
3034 * 0x12 - discovered and fall-through and branch edges labelled
3045 #define STATE_LIST_MARK ((struct bpf_verifier_state_list *) -1L)
3047 static int *insn_stack
; /* stack of insns to process */
3048 static int cur_stack
; /* current stack index */
3049 static int *insn_state
;
3051 /* t, w, e - match pseudo-code above:
3052 * t - index of current instruction
3053 * w - next instruction
3056 static int push_insn(int t
, int w
, int e
, struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
)
3058 if (e
== FALLTHROUGH
&& insn_state
[t
] >= (DISCOVERED
| FALLTHROUGH
))
3061 if (e
== BRANCH
&& insn_state
[t
] >= (DISCOVERED
| BRANCH
))
3064 if (w
< 0 || w
>= env
->prog
->len
) {
3065 verbose("jump out of range from insn %d to %d\n", t
, w
);
3070 /* mark branch target for state pruning */
3071 env
->explored_states
[w
] = STATE_LIST_MARK
;
3073 if (insn_state
[w
] == 0) {
3075 insn_state
[t
] = DISCOVERED
| e
;
3076 insn_state
[w
] = DISCOVERED
;
3077 if (cur_stack
>= env
->prog
->len
)
3079 insn_stack
[cur_stack
++] = w
;
3081 } else if ((insn_state
[w
] & 0xF0) == DISCOVERED
) {
3082 verbose("back-edge from insn %d to %d\n", t
, w
);
3084 } else if (insn_state
[w
] == EXPLORED
) {
3085 /* forward- or cross-edge */
3086 insn_state
[t
] = DISCOVERED
| e
;
3088 verbose("insn state internal bug\n");
3094 /* non-recursive depth-first-search to detect loops in BPF program
3095 * loop == back-edge in directed graph
3097 static int check_cfg(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
)
3099 struct bpf_insn
*insns
= env
->prog
->insnsi
;
3100 int insn_cnt
= env
->prog
->len
;
3104 insn_state
= kcalloc(insn_cnt
, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL
);
3108 insn_stack
= kcalloc(insn_cnt
, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL
);
3114 insn_state
[0] = DISCOVERED
; /* mark 1st insn as discovered */
3115 insn_stack
[0] = 0; /* 0 is the first instruction */
3121 t
= insn_stack
[cur_stack
- 1];
3123 if (BPF_CLASS(insns
[t
].code
) == BPF_JMP
) {
3124 u8 opcode
= BPF_OP(insns
[t
].code
);
3126 if (opcode
== BPF_EXIT
) {
3128 } else if (opcode
== BPF_CALL
) {
3129 ret
= push_insn(t
, t
+ 1, FALLTHROUGH
, env
);
3134 if (t
+ 1 < insn_cnt
)
3135 env
->explored_states
[t
+ 1] = STATE_LIST_MARK
;
3136 } else if (opcode
== BPF_JA
) {
3137 if (BPF_SRC(insns
[t
].code
) != BPF_K
) {
3141 /* unconditional jump with single edge */
3142 ret
= push_insn(t
, t
+ insns
[t
].off
+ 1,
3148 /* tell verifier to check for equivalent states
3149 * after every call and jump
3151 if (t
+ 1 < insn_cnt
)
3152 env
->explored_states
[t
+ 1] = STATE_LIST_MARK
;
3154 /* conditional jump with two edges */
3155 env
->explored_states
[t
] = STATE_LIST_MARK
;
3156 ret
= push_insn(t
, t
+ 1, FALLTHROUGH
, env
);
3162 ret
= push_insn(t
, t
+ insns
[t
].off
+ 1, BRANCH
, env
);
3169 /* all other non-branch instructions with single
3172 ret
= push_insn(t
, t
+ 1, FALLTHROUGH
, env
);
3180 insn_state
[t
] = EXPLORED
;
3181 if (cur_stack
-- <= 0) {
3182 verbose("pop stack internal bug\n");
3189 for (i
= 0; i
< insn_cnt
; i
++) {
3190 if (insn_state
[i
] != EXPLORED
) {
3191 verbose("unreachable insn %d\n", i
);
3196 ret
= 0; /* cfg looks good */
3204 /* check %cur's range satisfies %old's */
3205 static bool range_within(struct bpf_reg_state
*old
,
3206 struct bpf_reg_state
*cur
)
3208 return old
->umin_value
<= cur
->umin_value
&&
3209 old
->umax_value
>= cur
->umax_value
&&
3210 old
->smin_value
<= cur
->smin_value
&&
3211 old
->smax_value
>= cur
->smax_value
;
3214 /* Maximum number of register states that can exist at once */
3215 #define ID_MAP_SIZE (MAX_BPF_REG + MAX_BPF_STACK / BPF_REG_SIZE)
3221 /* If in the old state two registers had the same id, then they need to have
3222 * the same id in the new state as well. But that id could be different from
3223 * the old state, so we need to track the mapping from old to new ids.
3224 * Once we have seen that, say, a reg with old id 5 had new id 9, any subsequent
3225 * regs with old id 5 must also have new id 9 for the new state to be safe. But
3226 * regs with a different old id could still have new id 9, we don't care about
3228 * So we look through our idmap to see if this old id has been seen before. If
3229 * so, we require the new id to match; otherwise, we add the id pair to the map.
3231 static bool check_ids(u32 old_id
, u32 cur_id
, struct idpair
*idmap
)
3235 for (i
= 0; i
< ID_MAP_SIZE
; i
++) {
3236 if (!idmap
[i
].old
) {
3237 /* Reached an empty slot; haven't seen this id before */
3238 idmap
[i
].old
= old_id
;
3239 idmap
[i
].cur
= cur_id
;
3242 if (idmap
[i
].old
== old_id
)
3243 return idmap
[i
].cur
== cur_id
;
3245 /* We ran out of idmap slots, which should be impossible */
3250 /* Returns true if (rold safe implies rcur safe) */
3251 static bool regsafe(struct bpf_reg_state
*rold
, struct bpf_reg_state
*rcur
,
3252 struct idpair
*idmap
)
3254 if (!(rold
->live
& REG_LIVE_READ
))
3255 /* explored state didn't use this */
3258 if (memcmp(rold
, rcur
, offsetof(struct bpf_reg_state
, live
)) == 0)
3261 if (rold
->type
== NOT_INIT
)
3262 /* explored state can't have used this */
3264 if (rcur
->type
== NOT_INIT
)
3266 switch (rold
->type
) {
3268 if (rcur
->type
== SCALAR_VALUE
) {
3269 /* new val must satisfy old val knowledge */
3270 return range_within(rold
, rcur
) &&
3271 tnum_in(rold
->var_off
, rcur
->var_off
);
3273 /* if we knew anything about the old value, we're not
3274 * equal, because we can't know anything about the
3275 * scalar value of the pointer in the new value.
3277 return rold
->umin_value
== 0 &&
3278 rold
->umax_value
== U64_MAX
&&
3279 rold
->smin_value
== S64_MIN
&&
3280 rold
->smax_value
== S64_MAX
&&
3281 tnum_is_unknown(rold
->var_off
);
3283 case PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
:
3284 /* If the new min/max/var_off satisfy the old ones and
3285 * everything else matches, we are OK.
3286 * We don't care about the 'id' value, because nothing
3287 * uses it for PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE (only for ..._OR_NULL)
3289 return memcmp(rold
, rcur
, offsetof(struct bpf_reg_state
, id
)) == 0 &&
3290 range_within(rold
, rcur
) &&
3291 tnum_in(rold
->var_off
, rcur
->var_off
);
3292 case PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
:
3293 /* a PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE could be safe to use as a
3294 * PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL into the same map.
3295 * However, if the old PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL then got NULL-
3296 * checked, doing so could have affected others with the same
3297 * id, and we can't check for that because we lost the id when
3298 * we converted to a PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE.
3300 if (rcur
->type
!= PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
)
3302 if (memcmp(rold
, rcur
, offsetof(struct bpf_reg_state
, id
)))
3304 /* Check our ids match any regs they're supposed to */
3305 return check_ids(rold
->id
, rcur
->id
, idmap
);
3307 if (rcur
->type
!= PTR_TO_PACKET
)
3309 /* We must have at least as much range as the old ptr
3310 * did, so that any accesses which were safe before are
3311 * still safe. This is true even if old range < old off,
3312 * since someone could have accessed through (ptr - k), or
3313 * even done ptr -= k in a register, to get a safe access.
3315 if (rold
->range
> rcur
->range
)
3317 /* If the offsets don't match, we can't trust our alignment;
3318 * nor can we be sure that we won't fall out of range.
3320 if (rold
->off
!= rcur
->off
)
3322 /* id relations must be preserved */
3323 if (rold
->id
&& !check_ids(rold
->id
, rcur
->id
, idmap
))
3325 /* new val must satisfy old val knowledge */
3326 return range_within(rold
, rcur
) &&
3327 tnum_in(rold
->var_off
, rcur
->var_off
);
3329 case CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
:
3331 case PTR_TO_PACKET_END
:
3332 /* Only valid matches are exact, which memcmp() above
3333 * would have accepted
3336 /* Don't know what's going on, just say it's not safe */
3340 /* Shouldn't get here; if we do, say it's not safe */
3345 /* compare two verifier states
3347 * all states stored in state_list are known to be valid, since
3348 * verifier reached 'bpf_exit' instruction through them
3350 * this function is called when verifier exploring different branches of
3351 * execution popped from the state stack. If it sees an old state that has
3352 * more strict register state and more strict stack state then this execution
3353 * branch doesn't need to be explored further, since verifier already
3354 * concluded that more strict state leads to valid finish.
3356 * Therefore two states are equivalent if register state is more conservative
3357 * and explored stack state is more conservative than the current one.
3360 * (slot1=INV slot2=MISC) == (slot1=MISC slot2=MISC)
3361 * (slot1=MISC slot2=MISC) != (slot1=INV slot2=MISC)
3363 * In other words if current stack state (one being explored) has more
3364 * valid slots than old one that already passed validation, it means
3365 * the verifier can stop exploring and conclude that current state is valid too
3367 * Similarly with registers. If explored state has register type as invalid
3368 * whereas register type in current state is meaningful, it means that
3369 * the current state will reach 'bpf_exit' instruction safely
3371 static bool states_equal(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
,
3372 struct bpf_verifier_state
*old
,
3373 struct bpf_verifier_state
*cur
)
3375 struct idpair
*idmap
;
3379 idmap
= kcalloc(ID_MAP_SIZE
, sizeof(struct idpair
), GFP_KERNEL
);
3380 /* If we failed to allocate the idmap, just say it's not safe */
3384 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_REG
; i
++) {
3385 if (!regsafe(&old
->regs
[i
], &cur
->regs
[i
], idmap
))
3389 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_STACK
; i
++) {
3390 if (old
->stack_slot_type
[i
] == STACK_INVALID
)
3392 if (old
->stack_slot_type
[i
] != cur
->stack_slot_type
[i
])
3393 /* Ex: old explored (safe) state has STACK_SPILL in
3394 * this stack slot, but current has has STACK_MISC ->
3395 * this verifier states are not equivalent,
3396 * return false to continue verification of this path
3399 if (i
% BPF_REG_SIZE
)
3401 if (old
->stack_slot_type
[i
] != STACK_SPILL
)
3403 if (!regsafe(&old
->spilled_regs
[i
/ BPF_REG_SIZE
],
3404 &cur
->spilled_regs
[i
/ BPF_REG_SIZE
],
3406 /* when explored and current stack slot are both storing
3407 * spilled registers, check that stored pointers types
3408 * are the same as well.
3409 * Ex: explored safe path could have stored
3410 * (bpf_reg_state) {.type = PTR_TO_STACK, .off = -8}
3411 * but current path has stored:
3412 * (bpf_reg_state) {.type = PTR_TO_STACK, .off = -16}
3413 * such verifier states are not equivalent.
3414 * return false to continue verification of this path
3426 /* A write screens off any subsequent reads; but write marks come from the
3427 * straight-line code between a state and its parent. When we arrive at a
3428 * jump target (in the first iteration of the propagate_liveness() loop),
3429 * we didn't arrive by the straight-line code, so read marks in state must
3430 * propagate to parent regardless of state's write marks.
3432 static bool do_propagate_liveness(const struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
,
3433 struct bpf_verifier_state
*parent
)
3435 bool writes
= parent
== state
->parent
; /* Observe write marks */
3436 bool touched
= false; /* any changes made? */
3441 /* Propagate read liveness of registers... */
3442 BUILD_BUG_ON(BPF_REG_FP
+ 1 != MAX_BPF_REG
);
3443 /* We don't need to worry about FP liveness because it's read-only */
3444 for (i
= 0; i
< BPF_REG_FP
; i
++) {
3445 if (parent
->regs
[i
].live
& REG_LIVE_READ
)
3447 if (writes
&& (state
->regs
[i
].live
& REG_LIVE_WRITTEN
))
3449 if (state
->regs
[i
].live
& REG_LIVE_READ
) {
3450 parent
->regs
[i
].live
|= REG_LIVE_READ
;
3454 /* ... and stack slots */
3455 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_STACK
/ BPF_REG_SIZE
; i
++) {
3456 if (parent
->stack_slot_type
[i
* BPF_REG_SIZE
] != STACK_SPILL
)
3458 if (state
->stack_slot_type
[i
* BPF_REG_SIZE
] != STACK_SPILL
)
3460 if (parent
->spilled_regs
[i
].live
& REG_LIVE_READ
)
3462 if (writes
&& (state
->spilled_regs
[i
].live
& REG_LIVE_WRITTEN
))
3464 if (state
->spilled_regs
[i
].live
& REG_LIVE_READ
) {
3465 parent
->spilled_regs
[i
].live
|= REG_LIVE_READ
;
3472 /* "parent" is "a state from which we reach the current state", but initially
3473 * it is not the state->parent (i.e. "the state whose straight-line code leads
3474 * to the current state"), instead it is the state that happened to arrive at
3475 * a (prunable) equivalent of the current state. See comment above
3476 * do_propagate_liveness() for consequences of this.
3477 * This function is just a more efficient way of calling mark_reg_read() or
3478 * mark_stack_slot_read() on each reg in "parent" that is read in "state",
3479 * though it requires that parent != state->parent in the call arguments.
3481 static void propagate_liveness(const struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
,
3482 struct bpf_verifier_state
*parent
)
3484 while (do_propagate_liveness(state
, parent
)) {
3485 /* Something changed, so we need to feed those changes onward */
3487 parent
= state
->parent
;
3491 static int is_state_visited(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, int insn_idx
)
3493 struct bpf_verifier_state_list
*new_sl
;
3494 struct bpf_verifier_state_list
*sl
;
3497 sl
= env
->explored_states
[insn_idx
];
3499 /* this 'insn_idx' instruction wasn't marked, so we will not
3500 * be doing state search here
3504 while (sl
!= STATE_LIST_MARK
) {
3505 if (states_equal(env
, &sl
->state
, &env
->cur_state
)) {
3506 /* reached equivalent register/stack state,
3508 * Registers read by the continuation are read by us.
3509 * If we have any write marks in env->cur_state, they
3510 * will prevent corresponding reads in the continuation
3511 * from reaching our parent (an explored_state). Our
3512 * own state will get the read marks recorded, but
3513 * they'll be immediately forgotten as we're pruning
3514 * this state and will pop a new one.
3516 propagate_liveness(&sl
->state
, &env
->cur_state
);
3522 /* there were no equivalent states, remember current one.
3523 * technically the current state is not proven to be safe yet,
3524 * but it will either reach bpf_exit (which means it's safe) or
3525 * it will be rejected. Since there are no loops, we won't be
3526 * seeing this 'insn_idx' instruction again on the way to bpf_exit
3528 new_sl
= kmalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_state_list
), GFP_USER
);
3532 /* add new state to the head of linked list */
3533 memcpy(&new_sl
->state
, &env
->cur_state
, sizeof(env
->cur_state
));
3534 new_sl
->next
= env
->explored_states
[insn_idx
];
3535 env
->explored_states
[insn_idx
] = new_sl
;
3536 /* connect new state to parentage chain */
3537 env
->cur_state
.parent
= &new_sl
->state
;
3538 /* clear write marks in current state: the writes we did are not writes
3539 * our child did, so they don't screen off its reads from us.
3540 * (There are no read marks in current state, because reads always mark
3541 * their parent and current state never has children yet. Only
3542 * explored_states can get read marks.)
3544 for (i
= 0; i
< BPF_REG_FP
; i
++)
3545 env
->cur_state
.regs
[i
].live
= REG_LIVE_NONE
;
3546 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_BPF_STACK
/ BPF_REG_SIZE
; i
++)
3547 if (env
->cur_state
.stack_slot_type
[i
* BPF_REG_SIZE
] == STACK_SPILL
)
3548 env
->cur_state
.spilled_regs
[i
].live
= REG_LIVE_NONE
;
3552 static int ext_analyzer_insn_hook(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
,
3553 int insn_idx
, int prev_insn_idx
)
3555 if (!env
->analyzer_ops
|| !env
->analyzer_ops
->insn_hook
)
3558 return env
->analyzer_ops
->insn_hook(env
, insn_idx
, prev_insn_idx
);
3561 static int do_check(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
)
3563 struct bpf_verifier_state
*state
= &env
->cur_state
;
3564 struct bpf_insn
*insns
= env
->prog
->insnsi
;
3565 struct bpf_reg_state
*regs
= state
->regs
;
3566 int insn_cnt
= env
->prog
->len
;
3567 int insn_idx
, prev_insn_idx
= 0;
3568 int insn_processed
= 0;
3569 bool do_print_state
= false;
3571 init_reg_state(regs
);
3572 state
->parent
= NULL
;
3575 struct bpf_insn
*insn
;
3579 if (insn_idx
>= insn_cnt
) {
3580 verbose("invalid insn idx %d insn_cnt %d\n",
3581 insn_idx
, insn_cnt
);
3585 insn
= &insns
[insn_idx
];
3586 class = BPF_CLASS(insn
->code
);
3588 if (++insn_processed
> BPF_COMPLEXITY_LIMIT_INSNS
) {
3589 verbose("BPF program is too large. Processed %d insn\n",
3594 err
= is_state_visited(env
, insn_idx
);
3598 /* found equivalent state, can prune the search */
3601 verbose("\nfrom %d to %d: safe\n",
3602 prev_insn_idx
, insn_idx
);
3604 verbose("%d: safe\n", insn_idx
);
3606 goto process_bpf_exit
;
3612 if (log_level
> 1 || (log_level
&& do_print_state
)) {
3614 verbose("%d:", insn_idx
);
3616 verbose("\nfrom %d to %d:",
3617 prev_insn_idx
, insn_idx
);
3618 print_verifier_state(&env
->cur_state
);
3619 do_print_state
= false;
3623 verbose("%d: ", insn_idx
);
3624 print_bpf_insn(env
, insn
);
3627 err
= ext_analyzer_insn_hook(env
, insn_idx
, prev_insn_idx
);
3631 if (class == BPF_ALU
|| class == BPF_ALU64
) {
3632 err
= check_alu_op(env
, insn
);
3636 } else if (class == BPF_LDX
) {
3637 enum bpf_reg_type
*prev_src_type
, src_reg_type
;
3639 /* check for reserved fields is already done */
3641 /* check src operand */
3642 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->src_reg
, SRC_OP
);
3646 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, DST_OP_NO_MARK
);
3650 src_reg_type
= regs
[insn
->src_reg
].type
;
3652 /* check that memory (src_reg + off) is readable,
3653 * the state of dst_reg will be updated by this func
3655 err
= check_mem_access(env
, insn_idx
, insn
->src_reg
, insn
->off
,
3656 BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
), BPF_READ
,
3661 prev_src_type
= &env
->insn_aux_data
[insn_idx
].ptr_type
;
3663 if (*prev_src_type
== NOT_INIT
) {
3665 * dst_reg = *(u32 *)(src_reg + off)
3666 * save type to validate intersecting paths
3668 *prev_src_type
= src_reg_type
;
3670 } else if (src_reg_type
!= *prev_src_type
&&
3671 (src_reg_type
== PTR_TO_CTX
||
3672 *prev_src_type
== PTR_TO_CTX
)) {
3673 /* ABuser program is trying to use the same insn
3674 * dst_reg = *(u32*) (src_reg + off)
3675 * with different pointer types:
3676 * src_reg == ctx in one branch and
3677 * src_reg == stack|map in some other branch.
3680 verbose("same insn cannot be used with different pointers\n");
3684 } else if (class == BPF_STX
) {
3685 enum bpf_reg_type
*prev_dst_type
, dst_reg_type
;
3687 if (BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) == BPF_XADD
) {
3688 err
= check_xadd(env
, insn_idx
, insn
);
3695 /* check src1 operand */
3696 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->src_reg
, SRC_OP
);
3699 /* check src2 operand */
3700 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, SRC_OP
);
3704 dst_reg_type
= regs
[insn
->dst_reg
].type
;
3706 /* check that memory (dst_reg + off) is writeable */
3707 err
= check_mem_access(env
, insn_idx
, insn
->dst_reg
, insn
->off
,
3708 BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
), BPF_WRITE
,
3713 prev_dst_type
= &env
->insn_aux_data
[insn_idx
].ptr_type
;
3715 if (*prev_dst_type
== NOT_INIT
) {
3716 *prev_dst_type
= dst_reg_type
;
3717 } else if (dst_reg_type
!= *prev_dst_type
&&
3718 (dst_reg_type
== PTR_TO_CTX
||
3719 *prev_dst_type
== PTR_TO_CTX
)) {
3720 verbose("same insn cannot be used with different pointers\n");
3724 } else if (class == BPF_ST
) {
3725 if (BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) != BPF_MEM
||
3726 insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
) {
3727 verbose("BPF_ST uses reserved fields\n");
3730 /* check src operand */
3731 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, insn
->dst_reg
, SRC_OP
);
3735 /* check that memory (dst_reg + off) is writeable */
3736 err
= check_mem_access(env
, insn_idx
, insn
->dst_reg
, insn
->off
,
3737 BPF_SIZE(insn
->code
), BPF_WRITE
,
3742 } else if (class == BPF_JMP
) {
3743 u8 opcode
= BPF_OP(insn
->code
);
3745 if (opcode
== BPF_CALL
) {
3746 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) != BPF_K
||
3748 insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
||
3749 insn
->dst_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
) {
3750 verbose("BPF_CALL uses reserved fields\n");
3754 err
= check_call(env
, insn
->imm
, insn_idx
);
3758 } else if (opcode
== BPF_JA
) {
3759 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) != BPF_K
||
3761 insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
||
3762 insn
->dst_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
) {
3763 verbose("BPF_JA uses reserved fields\n");
3767 insn_idx
+= insn
->off
+ 1;
3770 } else if (opcode
== BPF_EXIT
) {
3771 if (BPF_SRC(insn
->code
) != BPF_K
||
3773 insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
||
3774 insn
->dst_reg
!= BPF_REG_0
) {
3775 verbose("BPF_EXIT uses reserved fields\n");
3779 /* eBPF calling convetion is such that R0 is used
3780 * to return the value from eBPF program.
3781 * Make sure that it's readable at this time
3782 * of bpf_exit, which means that program wrote
3783 * something into it earlier
3785 err
= check_reg_arg(env
, BPF_REG_0
, SRC_OP
);
3789 if (is_pointer_value(env
, BPF_REG_0
)) {
3790 verbose("R0 leaks addr as return value\n");
3795 insn_idx
= pop_stack(env
, &prev_insn_idx
);
3799 do_print_state
= true;
3803 err
= check_cond_jmp_op(env
, insn
, &insn_idx
);
3807 } else if (class == BPF_LD
) {
3808 u8 mode
= BPF_MODE(insn
->code
);
3810 if (mode
== BPF_ABS
|| mode
== BPF_IND
) {
3811 err
= check_ld_abs(env
, insn
);
3815 } else if (mode
== BPF_IMM
) {
3816 err
= check_ld_imm(env
, insn
);
3822 verbose("invalid BPF_LD mode\n");
3826 verbose("unknown insn class %d\n", class);
3833 verbose("processed %d insns, stack depth %d\n",
3834 insn_processed
, env
->prog
->aux
->stack_depth
);
3838 static int check_map_prealloc(struct bpf_map
*map
)
3840 return (map
->map_type
!= BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH
&&
3841 map
->map_type
!= BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH
&&
3842 map
->map_type
!= BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS
) ||
3843 !(map
->map_flags
& BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC
);
3846 static int check_map_prog_compatibility(struct bpf_map
*map
,
3847 struct bpf_prog
*prog
)
3850 /* Make sure that BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT programs only use
3851 * preallocated hash maps, since doing memory allocation
3852 * in overflow_handler can crash depending on where nmi got
3855 if (prog
->type
== BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT
) {
3856 if (!check_map_prealloc(map
)) {
3857 verbose("perf_event programs can only use preallocated hash map\n");
3860 if (map
->inner_map_meta
&&
3861 !check_map_prealloc(map
->inner_map_meta
)) {
3862 verbose("perf_event programs can only use preallocated inner hash map\n");
3869 /* look for pseudo eBPF instructions that access map FDs and
3870 * replace them with actual map pointers
3872 static int replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
)
3874 struct bpf_insn
*insn
= env
->prog
->insnsi
;
3875 int insn_cnt
= env
->prog
->len
;
3878 err
= bpf_prog_calc_tag(env
->prog
);
3882 for (i
= 0; i
< insn_cnt
; i
++, insn
++) {
3883 if (BPF_CLASS(insn
->code
) == BPF_LDX
&&
3884 (BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) != BPF_MEM
|| insn
->imm
!= 0)) {
3885 verbose("BPF_LDX uses reserved fields\n");
3889 if (BPF_CLASS(insn
->code
) == BPF_STX
&&
3890 ((BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) != BPF_MEM
&&
3891 BPF_MODE(insn
->code
) != BPF_XADD
) || insn
->imm
!= 0)) {
3892 verbose("BPF_STX uses reserved fields\n");
3896 if (insn
[0].code
== (BPF_LD
| BPF_IMM
| BPF_DW
)) {
3897 struct bpf_map
*map
;
3900 if (i
== insn_cnt
- 1 || insn
[1].code
!= 0 ||
3901 insn
[1].dst_reg
!= 0 || insn
[1].src_reg
!= 0 ||
3903 verbose("invalid bpf_ld_imm64 insn\n");
3907 if (insn
->src_reg
== 0)
3908 /* valid generic load 64-bit imm */
3911 if (insn
->src_reg
!= BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD
) {
3912 verbose("unrecognized bpf_ld_imm64 insn\n");
3916 f
= fdget(insn
->imm
);
3917 map
= __bpf_map_get(f
);
3919 verbose("fd %d is not pointing to valid bpf_map\n",
3921 return PTR_ERR(map
);
3924 err
= check_map_prog_compatibility(map
, env
->prog
);
3930 /* store map pointer inside BPF_LD_IMM64 instruction */
3931 insn
[0].imm
= (u32
) (unsigned long) map
;
3932 insn
[1].imm
= ((u64
) (unsigned long) map
) >> 32;
3934 /* check whether we recorded this map already */
3935 for (j
= 0; j
< env
->used_map_cnt
; j
++)
3936 if (env
->used_maps
[j
] == map
) {
3941 if (env
->used_map_cnt
>= MAX_USED_MAPS
) {
3946 /* hold the map. If the program is rejected by verifier,
3947 * the map will be released by release_maps() or it
3948 * will be used by the valid program until it's unloaded
3949 * and all maps are released in free_bpf_prog_info()
3951 map
= bpf_map_inc(map
, false);
3954 return PTR_ERR(map
);
3956 env
->used_maps
[env
->used_map_cnt
++] = map
;
3965 /* now all pseudo BPF_LD_IMM64 instructions load valid
3966 * 'struct bpf_map *' into a register instead of user map_fd.
3967 * These pointers will be used later by verifier to validate map access.
3972 /* drop refcnt of maps used by the rejected program */
3973 static void release_maps(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
)
3977 for (i
= 0; i
< env
->used_map_cnt
; i
++)
3978 bpf_map_put(env
->used_maps
[i
]);
3981 /* convert pseudo BPF_LD_IMM64 into generic BPF_LD_IMM64 */
3982 static void convert_pseudo_ld_imm64(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
)
3984 struct bpf_insn
*insn
= env
->prog
->insnsi
;
3985 int insn_cnt
= env
->prog
->len
;
3988 for (i
= 0; i
< insn_cnt
; i
++, insn
++)
3989 if (insn
->code
== (BPF_LD
| BPF_IMM
| BPF_DW
))
3993 /* single env->prog->insni[off] instruction was replaced with the range
3994 * insni[off, off + cnt). Adjust corresponding insn_aux_data by copying
3995 * [0, off) and [off, end) to new locations, so the patched range stays zero
3997 static int adjust_insn_aux_data(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, u32 prog_len
,
4000 struct bpf_insn_aux_data
*new_data
, *old_data
= env
->insn_aux_data
;
4004 new_data
= vzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_insn_aux_data
) * prog_len
);
4007 memcpy(new_data
, old_data
, sizeof(struct bpf_insn_aux_data
) * off
);
4008 memcpy(new_data
+ off
+ cnt
- 1, old_data
+ off
,
4009 sizeof(struct bpf_insn_aux_data
) * (prog_len
- off
- cnt
+ 1));
4010 env
->insn_aux_data
= new_data
;
4015 static struct bpf_prog
*bpf_patch_insn_data(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
, u32 off
,
4016 const struct bpf_insn
*patch
, u32 len
)
4018 struct bpf_prog
*new_prog
;
4020 new_prog
= bpf_patch_insn_single(env
->prog
, off
, patch
, len
);
4023 if (adjust_insn_aux_data(env
, new_prog
->len
, off
, len
))
4028 /* convert load instructions that access fields of 'struct __sk_buff'
4029 * into sequence of instructions that access fields of 'struct sk_buff'
4031 static int convert_ctx_accesses(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
)
4033 const struct bpf_verifier_ops
*ops
= env
->prog
->aux
->ops
;
4034 int i
, cnt
, size
, ctx_field_size
, delta
= 0;
4035 const int insn_cnt
= env
->prog
->len
;
4036 struct bpf_insn insn_buf
[16], *insn
;
4037 struct bpf_prog
*new_prog
;
4038 enum bpf_access_type type
;
4039 bool is_narrower_load
;
4042 if (ops
->gen_prologue
) {
4043 cnt
= ops
->gen_prologue(insn_buf
, env
->seen_direct_write
,
4045 if (cnt
>= ARRAY_SIZE(insn_buf
)) {
4046 verbose("bpf verifier is misconfigured\n");
4049 new_prog
= bpf_patch_insn_data(env
, 0, insn_buf
, cnt
);
4053 env
->prog
= new_prog
;
4058 if (!ops
->convert_ctx_access
)
4061 insn
= env
->prog
->insnsi
+ delta
;
4063 for (i
= 0; i
< insn_cnt
; i
++, insn
++) {
4064 if (insn
->code
== (BPF_LDX
| BPF_MEM
| BPF_B
) ||
4065 insn
->code
== (BPF_LDX
| BPF_MEM
| BPF_H
) ||
4066 insn
->code
== (BPF_LDX
| BPF_MEM
| BPF_W
) ||
4067 insn
->code
== (BPF_LDX
| BPF_MEM
| BPF_DW
))
4069 else if (insn
->code
== (BPF_STX
| BPF_MEM
| BPF_B
) ||
4070 insn
->code
== (BPF_STX
| BPF_MEM
| BPF_H
) ||
4071 insn
->code
== (BPF_STX
| BPF_MEM
| BPF_W
) ||
4072 insn
->code
== (BPF_STX
| BPF_MEM
| BPF_DW
))
4077 if (env
->insn_aux_data
[i
+ delta
].ptr_type
!= PTR_TO_CTX
)
4080 ctx_field_size
= env
->insn_aux_data
[i
+ delta
].ctx_field_size
;
4081 size
= BPF_LDST_BYTES(insn
);
4083 /* If the read access is a narrower load of the field,
4084 * convert to a 4/8-byte load, to minimum program type specific
4085 * convert_ctx_access changes. If conversion is successful,
4086 * we will apply proper mask to the result.
4088 is_narrower_load
= size
< ctx_field_size
;
4089 if (is_narrower_load
) {
4090 u32 off
= insn
->off
;
4093 if (type
== BPF_WRITE
) {
4094 verbose("bpf verifier narrow ctx access misconfigured\n");
4099 if (ctx_field_size
== 4)
4101 else if (ctx_field_size
== 8)
4104 insn
->off
= off
& ~(ctx_field_size
- 1);
4105 insn
->code
= BPF_LDX
| BPF_MEM
| size_code
;
4109 cnt
= ops
->convert_ctx_access(type
, insn
, insn_buf
, env
->prog
,
4111 if (cnt
== 0 || cnt
>= ARRAY_SIZE(insn_buf
) ||
4112 (ctx_field_size
&& !target_size
)) {
4113 verbose("bpf verifier is misconfigured\n");
4117 if (is_narrower_load
&& size
< target_size
) {
4118 if (ctx_field_size
<= 4)
4119 insn_buf
[cnt
++] = BPF_ALU32_IMM(BPF_AND
, insn
->dst_reg
,
4120 (1 << size
* 8) - 1);
4122 insn_buf
[cnt
++] = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_AND
, insn
->dst_reg
,
4123 (1 << size
* 8) - 1);
4126 new_prog
= bpf_patch_insn_data(env
, i
+ delta
, insn_buf
, cnt
);
4132 /* keep walking new program and skip insns we just inserted */
4133 env
->prog
= new_prog
;
4134 insn
= new_prog
->insnsi
+ i
+ delta
;
4140 /* fixup insn->imm field of bpf_call instructions
4141 * and inline eligible helpers as explicit sequence of BPF instructions
4143 * this function is called after eBPF program passed verification
4145 static int fixup_bpf_calls(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
)
4147 struct bpf_prog
*prog
= env
->prog
;
4148 struct bpf_insn
*insn
= prog
->insnsi
;
4149 const struct bpf_func_proto
*fn
;
4150 const int insn_cnt
= prog
->len
;
4151 struct bpf_insn insn_buf
[16];
4152 struct bpf_prog
*new_prog
;
4153 struct bpf_map
*map_ptr
;
4154 int i
, cnt
, delta
= 0;
4156 for (i
= 0; i
< insn_cnt
; i
++, insn
++) {
4157 if (insn
->code
!= (BPF_JMP
| BPF_CALL
))
4160 if (insn
->imm
== BPF_FUNC_get_route_realm
)
4161 prog
->dst_needed
= 1;
4162 if (insn
->imm
== BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32
)
4163 bpf_user_rnd_init_once();
4164 if (insn
->imm
== BPF_FUNC_tail_call
) {
4165 /* If we tail call into other programs, we
4166 * cannot make any assumptions since they can
4167 * be replaced dynamically during runtime in
4168 * the program array.
4170 prog
->cb_access
= 1;
4171 env
->prog
->aux
->stack_depth
= MAX_BPF_STACK
;
4173 /* mark bpf_tail_call as different opcode to avoid
4174 * conditional branch in the interpeter for every normal
4175 * call and to prevent accidental JITing by JIT compiler
4176 * that doesn't support bpf_tail_call yet
4179 insn
->code
= BPF_JMP
| BPF_TAIL_CALL
;
4183 /* BPF_EMIT_CALL() assumptions in some of the map_gen_lookup
4184 * handlers are currently limited to 64 bit only.
4186 if (ebpf_jit_enabled() && BITS_PER_LONG
== 64 &&
4187 insn
->imm
== BPF_FUNC_map_lookup_elem
) {
4188 map_ptr
= env
->insn_aux_data
[i
+ delta
].map_ptr
;
4189 if (map_ptr
== BPF_MAP_PTR_POISON
||
4190 !map_ptr
->ops
->map_gen_lookup
)
4191 goto patch_call_imm
;
4193 cnt
= map_ptr
->ops
->map_gen_lookup(map_ptr
, insn_buf
);
4194 if (cnt
== 0 || cnt
>= ARRAY_SIZE(insn_buf
)) {
4195 verbose("bpf verifier is misconfigured\n");
4199 new_prog
= bpf_patch_insn_data(env
, i
+ delta
, insn_buf
,
4206 /* keep walking new program and skip insns we just inserted */
4207 env
->prog
= prog
= new_prog
;
4208 insn
= new_prog
->insnsi
+ i
+ delta
;
4212 if (insn
->imm
== BPF_FUNC_redirect_map
) {
4213 /* Note, we cannot use prog directly as imm as subsequent
4214 * rewrites would still change the prog pointer. The only
4215 * stable address we can use is aux, which also works with
4216 * prog clones during blinding.
4218 u64 addr
= (unsigned long)prog
->aux
;
4219 struct bpf_insn r4_ld
[] = {
4220 BPF_LD_IMM64(BPF_REG_4
, addr
),
4223 cnt
= ARRAY_SIZE(r4_ld
);
4225 new_prog
= bpf_patch_insn_data(env
, i
+ delta
, r4_ld
, cnt
);
4230 env
->prog
= prog
= new_prog
;
4231 insn
= new_prog
->insnsi
+ i
+ delta
;
4234 fn
= prog
->aux
->ops
->get_func_proto(insn
->imm
);
4235 /* all functions that have prototype and verifier allowed
4236 * programs to call them, must be real in-kernel functions
4239 verbose("kernel subsystem misconfigured func %s#%d\n",
4240 func_id_name(insn
->imm
), insn
->imm
);
4243 insn
->imm
= fn
->func
- __bpf_call_base
;
4249 static void free_states(struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
)
4251 struct bpf_verifier_state_list
*sl
, *sln
;
4254 if (!env
->explored_states
)
4257 for (i
= 0; i
< env
->prog
->len
; i
++) {
4258 sl
= env
->explored_states
[i
];
4261 while (sl
!= STATE_LIST_MARK
) {
4268 kfree(env
->explored_states
);
4271 int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog
**prog
, union bpf_attr
*attr
)
4273 char __user
*log_ubuf
= NULL
;
4274 struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
;
4277 /* 'struct bpf_verifier_env' can be global, but since it's not small,
4278 * allocate/free it every time bpf_check() is called
4280 env
= kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_env
), GFP_KERNEL
);
4284 env
->insn_aux_data
= vzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_insn_aux_data
) *
4287 if (!env
->insn_aux_data
)
4291 /* grab the mutex to protect few globals used by verifier */
4292 mutex_lock(&bpf_verifier_lock
);
4294 if (attr
->log_level
|| attr
->log_buf
|| attr
->log_size
) {
4295 /* user requested verbose verifier output
4296 * and supplied buffer to store the verification trace
4298 log_level
= attr
->log_level
;
4299 log_ubuf
= (char __user
*) (unsigned long) attr
->log_buf
;
4300 log_size
= attr
->log_size
;
4304 /* log_* values have to be sane */
4305 if (log_size
< 128 || log_size
> UINT_MAX
>> 8 ||
4306 log_level
== 0 || log_ubuf
== NULL
)
4310 log_buf
= vmalloc(log_size
);
4317 env
->strict_alignment
= !!(attr
->prog_flags
& BPF_F_STRICT_ALIGNMENT
);
4318 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
))
4319 env
->strict_alignment
= true;
4321 ret
= replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr(env
);
4323 goto skip_full_check
;
4325 env
->explored_states
= kcalloc(env
->prog
->len
,
4326 sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_state_list
*),
4329 if (!env
->explored_states
)
4330 goto skip_full_check
;
4332 ret
= check_cfg(env
);
4334 goto skip_full_check
;
4336 env
->allow_ptr_leaks
= capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN
);
4338 ret
= do_check(env
);
4341 while (pop_stack(env
, NULL
) >= 0);
4345 /* program is valid, convert *(u32*)(ctx + off) accesses */
4346 ret
= convert_ctx_accesses(env
);
4349 ret
= fixup_bpf_calls(env
);
4351 if (log_level
&& log_len
>= log_size
- 1) {
4352 BUG_ON(log_len
>= log_size
);
4353 /* verifier log exceeded user supplied buffer */
4355 /* fall through to return what was recorded */
4358 /* copy verifier log back to user space including trailing zero */
4359 if (log_level
&& copy_to_user(log_ubuf
, log_buf
, log_len
+ 1) != 0) {
4364 if (ret
== 0 && env
->used_map_cnt
) {
4365 /* if program passed verifier, update used_maps in bpf_prog_info */
4366 env
->prog
->aux
->used_maps
= kmalloc_array(env
->used_map_cnt
,
4367 sizeof(env
->used_maps
[0]),
4370 if (!env
->prog
->aux
->used_maps
) {
4375 memcpy(env
->prog
->aux
->used_maps
, env
->used_maps
,
4376 sizeof(env
->used_maps
[0]) * env
->used_map_cnt
);
4377 env
->prog
->aux
->used_map_cnt
= env
->used_map_cnt
;
4379 /* program is valid. Convert pseudo bpf_ld_imm64 into generic
4380 * bpf_ld_imm64 instructions
4382 convert_pseudo_ld_imm64(env
);
4388 if (!env
->prog
->aux
->used_maps
)
4389 /* if we didn't copy map pointers into bpf_prog_info, release
4390 * them now. Otherwise free_bpf_prog_info() will release them.
4395 mutex_unlock(&bpf_verifier_lock
);
4396 vfree(env
->insn_aux_data
);
4402 int bpf_analyzer(struct bpf_prog
*prog
, const struct bpf_ext_analyzer_ops
*ops
,
4405 struct bpf_verifier_env
*env
;
4408 env
= kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_env
), GFP_KERNEL
);
4412 env
->insn_aux_data
= vzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_insn_aux_data
) *
4415 if (!env
->insn_aux_data
)
4418 env
->analyzer_ops
= ops
;
4419 env
->analyzer_priv
= priv
;
4421 /* grab the mutex to protect few globals used by verifier */
4422 mutex_lock(&bpf_verifier_lock
);
4426 env
->strict_alignment
= false;
4427 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
))
4428 env
->strict_alignment
= true;
4430 env
->explored_states
= kcalloc(env
->prog
->len
,
4431 sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_state_list
*),
4434 if (!env
->explored_states
)
4435 goto skip_full_check
;
4437 ret
= check_cfg(env
);
4439 goto skip_full_check
;
4441 env
->allow_ptr_leaks
= capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN
);
4443 ret
= do_check(env
);
4446 while (pop_stack(env
, NULL
) >= 0);
4449 mutex_unlock(&bpf_verifier_lock
);
4450 vfree(env
->insn_aux_data
);
4455 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bpf_analyzer
);