ring-buffer: Check if memory is available before allocation

[mirror_ubuntu-bionic-kernel.git] / kernel / trace / ring_buffer.c

/*
 * Generic ring buffer
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
 */
#include <linux/trace_events.h>
#include <linux/ring_buffer.h>
#include <linux/trace_clock.h>
#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
#include <linux/trace_seq.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/irq_work.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>      /* for self test */
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/hash.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>

#include <asm/local.h>

static void update_pages_handler(struct work_struct *work);

/*
 * The ring buffer header is special. We must manually up keep it.
 */
int ring_buffer_print_entry_header(struct trace_seq *s)
{
        trace_seq_puts(s, "# compressed entry header\n");
        trace_seq_puts(s, "\ttype_len    :    5 bits\n");
        trace_seq_puts(s, "\ttime_delta  :   27 bits\n");
        trace_seq_puts(s, "\tarray       :   32 bits\n");
        trace_seq_putc(s, '\n');
        trace_seq_printf(s, "\tpadding     : type == %d\n",
                         RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING);
        trace_seq_printf(s, "\ttime_extend : type == %d\n",
                         RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND);
        trace_seq_printf(s, "\tdata max type_len  == %d\n",
                         RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX);

        return !trace_seq_has_overflowed(s);
}

/*
 * The ring buffer is made up of a list of pages. A separate list of pages is
 * allocated for each CPU. A writer may only write to a buffer that is
 * associated with the CPU it is currently executing on.  A reader may read
 * from any per cpu buffer.
 *
 * The reader is special. For each per cpu buffer, the reader has its own
 * reader page. When a reader has read the entire reader page, this reader
 * page is swapped with another page in the ring buffer.
 *
 * Now, as long as the writer is off the reader page, the reader can do what
 * ever it wants with that page. The writer will never write to that page
 * again (as long as it is out of the ring buffer).
 *
 * Here's some silly ASCII art.
 *
 *   +------+
 *   |reader|          RING BUFFER
 *   |page  |
 *   +------+        +---+   +---+   +---+
 *                   |   |-->|   |-->|   |
 *                   +---+   +---+   +---+
 *                     ^               |
 *                     |               |
 *                     +---------------+
 *
 *
 *   +------+
 *   |reader|          RING BUFFER
 *   |page  |------------------v
 *   +------+        +---+   +---+   +---+
 *                   |   |-->|   |-->|   |
 *                   +---+   +---+   +---+
 *                     ^               |
 *                     |               |
 *                     +---------------+
 *
 *
 *   +------+
 *   |reader|          RING BUFFER
 *   |page  |------------------v
 *   +------+        +---+   +---+   +---+
 *      ^            |   |-->|   |-->|   |
 *      |            +---+   +---+   +---+
 *      |                              |
 *      |                              |
 *      +------------------------------+
 *
 *
 *   +------+
 *   |buffer|          RING BUFFER
 *   |page  |------------------v
 *   +------+        +---+   +---+   +---+
 *      ^            |   |   |   |-->|   |
 *      |   New      +---+   +---+   +---+
 *      |  Reader------^               |
 *      |   page                       |
 *      +------------------------------+
 *
 *
 * After we make this swap, the reader can hand this page off to the splice
 * code and be done with it. It can even allocate a new page if it needs to
 * and swap that into the ring buffer.
 *
 * We will be using cmpxchg soon to make all this lockless.
 *
 */

/* Used for individual buffers (after the counter) */
#define RB_BUFFER_OFF           (1 << 20)

#define BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE offsetof(struct buffer_data_page, data)

#define RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE (offsetof(struct ring_buffer_event, array))
#define RB_ALIGNMENT            4U
#define RB_MAX_SMALL_DATA       (RB_ALIGNMENT * RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX)
#define RB_EVNT_MIN_SIZE        8U      /* two 32bit words */

#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_64BIT_ALIGNED_ACCESS
# define RB_FORCE_8BYTE_ALIGNMENT       0
# define RB_ARCH_ALIGNMENT              RB_ALIGNMENT
#else
# define RB_FORCE_8BYTE_ALIGNMENT       1
# define RB_ARCH_ALIGNMENT              8U
#endif

#define RB_ALIGN_DATA           __aligned(RB_ARCH_ALIGNMENT)

/* define RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA for 'case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:' */
#define RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA 0 ... RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX

enum {
        RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND = 8,
        RB_LEN_TIME_STAMP = 16,
};

#define skip_time_extend(event) \
        ((struct ring_buffer_event *)((char *)event + RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND))

static inline int rb_null_event(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        return event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING && !event->time_delta;
}

static void rb_event_set_padding(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        /* padding has a NULL time_delta */
        event->type_len = RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING;
        event->time_delta = 0;
}

static unsigned
rb_event_data_length(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        unsigned length;

        if (event->type_len)
                length = event->type_len * RB_ALIGNMENT;
        else
                length = event->array[0];
        return length + RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
}

/*
 * Return the length of the given event. Will return
 * the length of the time extend if the event is a
 * time extend.
 */
static inline unsigned
rb_event_length(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        switch (event->type_len) {
        case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
                if (rb_null_event(event))
                        /* undefined */
                        return -1;
                return  event->array[0] + RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
                return RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
                return RB_LEN_TIME_STAMP;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:
                return rb_event_data_length(event);
        default:
                BUG();
        }
        /* not hit */
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Return total length of time extend and data,
 *   or just the event length for all other events.
 */
static inline unsigned
rb_event_ts_length(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        unsigned len = 0;

        if (event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND) {
                /* time extends include the data event after it */
                len = RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND;
                event = skip_time_extend(event);
        }
        return len + rb_event_length(event);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_event_length - return the length of the event
 * @event: the event to get the length of
 *
 * Returns the size of the data load of a data event.
 * If the event is something other than a data event, it
 * returns the size of the event itself. With the exception
 * of a TIME EXTEND, where it still returns the size of the
 * data load of the data event after it.
 */
unsigned ring_buffer_event_length(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        unsigned length;

        if (event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND)
                event = skip_time_extend(event);

        length = rb_event_length(event);
        if (event->type_len > RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX)
                return length;
        length -= RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
        if (length > RB_MAX_SMALL_DATA + sizeof(event->array[0]))
                length -= sizeof(event->array[0]);
        return length;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_event_length);

/* inline for ring buffer fast paths */
static __always_inline void *
rb_event_data(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        if (event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND)
                event = skip_time_extend(event);
        BUG_ON(event->type_len > RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX);
        /* If length is in len field, then array[0] has the data */
        if (event->type_len)
                return (void *)&event->array[0];
        /* Otherwise length is in array[0] and array[1] has the data */
        return (void *)&event->array[1];
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_event_data - return the data of the event
 * @event: the event to get the data from
 */
void *ring_buffer_event_data(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        return rb_event_data(event);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_event_data);

#define for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu)                \
        for_each_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask)

#define TS_SHIFT        27
#define TS_MASK         ((1ULL << TS_SHIFT) - 1)
#define TS_DELTA_TEST   (~TS_MASK)

/* Flag when events were overwritten */
#define RB_MISSED_EVENTS        (1 << 31)
/* Missed count stored at end */
#define RB_MISSED_STORED        (1 << 30)

#define RB_MISSED_FLAGS         (RB_MISSED_EVENTS|RB_MISSED_STORED)

struct buffer_data_page {
        u64              time_stamp;    /* page time stamp */
        local_t          commit;        /* write committed index */
        unsigned char    data[] RB_ALIGN_DATA;  /* data of buffer page */
};

/*
 * Note, the buffer_page list must be first. The buffer pages
 * are allocated in cache lines, which means that each buffer
 * page will be at the beginning of a cache line, and thus
 * the least significant bits will be zero. We use this to
 * add flags in the list struct pointers, to make the ring buffer
 * lockless.
 */
struct buffer_page {
        struct list_head list;          /* list of buffer pages */
        local_t          write;         /* index for next write */
        unsigned         read;          /* index for next read */
        local_t          entries;       /* entries on this page */
        unsigned long    real_end;      /* real end of data */
        struct buffer_data_page *page;  /* Actual data page */
};

/*
 * The buffer page counters, write and entries, must be reset
 * atomically when crossing page boundaries. To synchronize this
 * update, two counters are inserted into the number. One is
 * the actual counter for the write position or count on the page.
 *
 * The other is a counter of updaters. Before an update happens
 * the update partition of the counter is incremented. This will
 * allow the updater to update the counter atomically.
 *
 * The counter is 20 bits, and the state data is 12.
 */
#define RB_WRITE_MASK           0xfffff
#define RB_WRITE_INTCNT         (1 << 20)

static void rb_init_page(struct buffer_data_page *bpage)
{
        local_set(&bpage->commit, 0);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_page_len - the size of data on the page.
 * @page: The page to read
 *
 * Returns the amount of data on the page, including buffer page header.
 */
size_t ring_buffer_page_len(void *page)
{
        struct buffer_data_page *bpage = page;

        return (local_read(&bpage->commit) & ~RB_MISSED_FLAGS)
                + BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE;
}

/*
 * Also stolen from mm/slob.c. Thanks to Mathieu Desnoyers for pointing
 * this issue out.
 */
static void free_buffer_page(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
        free_page((unsigned long)bpage->page);
        kfree(bpage);
}

/*
 * We need to fit the time_stamp delta into 27 bits.
 */
static inline int test_time_stamp(u64 delta)
{
        if (delta & TS_DELTA_TEST)
                return 1;
        return 0;
}

#define BUF_PAGE_SIZE (PAGE_SIZE - BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE)

/* Max payload is BUF_PAGE_SIZE - header (8bytes) */
#define BUF_MAX_DATA_SIZE (BUF_PAGE_SIZE - (sizeof(u32) * 2))

int ring_buffer_print_page_header(struct trace_seq *s)
{
        struct buffer_data_page field;

        trace_seq_printf(s, "\tfield: u64 timestamp;\t"
                         "offset:0;\tsize:%u;\tsigned:%u;\n",
                         (unsigned int)sizeof(field.time_stamp),
                         (unsigned int)is_signed_type(u64));

        trace_seq_printf(s, "\tfield: local_t commit;\t"
                         "offset:%u;\tsize:%u;\tsigned:%u;\n",
                         (unsigned int)offsetof(typeof(field), commit),
                         (unsigned int)sizeof(field.commit),
                         (unsigned int)is_signed_type(long));

        trace_seq_printf(s, "\tfield: int overwrite;\t"
                         "offset:%u;\tsize:%u;\tsigned:%u;\n",
                         (unsigned int)offsetof(typeof(field), commit),
                         1,
                         (unsigned int)is_signed_type(long));

        trace_seq_printf(s, "\tfield: char data;\t"
                         "offset:%u;\tsize:%u;\tsigned:%u;\n",
                         (unsigned int)offsetof(typeof(field), data),
                         (unsigned int)BUF_PAGE_SIZE,
                         (unsigned int)is_signed_type(char));

        return !trace_seq_has_overflowed(s);
}

struct rb_irq_work {
        struct irq_work                 work;
        wait_queue_head_t               waiters;
        wait_queue_head_t               full_waiters;
        bool                            waiters_pending;
        bool                            full_waiters_pending;
        bool                            wakeup_full;
};

/*
 * Structure to hold event state and handle nested events.
 */
struct rb_event_info {
        u64                     ts;
        u64                     delta;
        unsigned long           length;
        struct buffer_page      *tail_page;
        int                     add_timestamp;
};

/*
 * Used for which event context the event is in.
 *  NMI     = 0
 *  IRQ     = 1
 *  SOFTIRQ = 2
 *  NORMAL  = 3
 *
 * See trace_recursive_lock() comment below for more details.
 */
enum {
        RB_CTX_NMI,
        RB_CTX_IRQ,
        RB_CTX_SOFTIRQ,
        RB_CTX_NORMAL,
        RB_CTX_MAX
};

/*
 * head_page == tail_page && head == tail then buffer is empty.
 */
struct ring_buffer_per_cpu {
        int                             cpu;
        atomic_t                        record_disabled;
        struct ring_buffer              *buffer;
        raw_spinlock_t                  reader_lock;    /* serialize readers */
        arch_spinlock_t                 lock;
        struct lock_class_key           lock_key;
        struct buffer_data_page         *free_page;
        unsigned long                   nr_pages;
        unsigned int                    current_context;
        struct list_head                *pages;
        struct buffer_page              *head_page;     /* read from head */
        struct buffer_page              *tail_page;     /* write to tail */
        struct buffer_page              *commit_page;   /* committed pages */
        struct buffer_page              *reader_page;
        unsigned long                   lost_events;
        unsigned long                   last_overrun;
        local_t                         entries_bytes;
        local_t                         entries;
        local_t                         overrun;
        local_t                         commit_overrun;
        local_t                         dropped_events;
        local_t                         committing;
        local_t                         commits;
        unsigned long                   read;
        unsigned long                   read_bytes;
        u64                             write_stamp;
        u64                             read_stamp;
        /* ring buffer pages to update, > 0 to add, < 0 to remove */
        long                            nr_pages_to_update;
        struct list_head                new_pages; /* new pages to add */
        struct work_struct              update_pages_work;
        struct completion               update_done;

        struct rb_irq_work              irq_work;
};

struct ring_buffer {
        unsigned                        flags;
        int                             cpus;
        atomic_t                        record_disabled;
        atomic_t                        resize_disabled;
        cpumask_var_t                   cpumask;

        struct lock_class_key           *reader_lock_key;

        struct mutex                    mutex;

        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu      **buffers;

        struct hlist_node               node;
        u64                             (*clock)(void);

        struct rb_irq_work              irq_work;
};

struct ring_buffer_iter {
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu      *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long                   head;
        struct buffer_page              *head_page;
        struct buffer_page              *cache_reader_page;
        unsigned long                   cache_read;
        u64                             read_stamp;
};

/*
 * rb_wake_up_waiters - wake up tasks waiting for ring buffer input
 *
 * Schedules a delayed work to wake up any task that is blocked on the
 * ring buffer waiters queue.
 */
static void rb_wake_up_waiters(struct irq_work *work)
{
        struct rb_irq_work *rbwork = container_of(work, struct rb_irq_work, work);

        wake_up_all(&rbwork->waiters);
        if (rbwork->wakeup_full) {
                rbwork->wakeup_full = false;
                wake_up_all(&rbwork->full_waiters);
        }
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_wait - wait for input to the ring buffer
 * @buffer: buffer to wait on
 * @cpu: the cpu buffer to wait on
 * @full: wait until a full page is available, if @cpu != RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS
 *
 * If @cpu == RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS then the task will wake up as soon
 * as data is added to any of the @buffer's cpu buffers. Otherwise
 * it will wait for data to be added to a specific cpu buffer.
 */
int ring_buffer_wait(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu, bool full)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *uninitialized_var(cpu_buffer);
        DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
        struct rb_irq_work *work;
        int ret = 0;

        /*
         * Depending on what the caller is waiting for, either any
         * data in any cpu buffer, or a specific buffer, put the
         * caller on the appropriate wait queue.
         */
        if (cpu == RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS) {
                work = &buffer->irq_work;
                /* Full only makes sense on per cpu reads */
                full = false;
        } else {
                if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                        return -ENODEV;
                cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
                work = &cpu_buffer->irq_work;
        }


        while (true) {
                if (full)
                        prepare_to_wait(&work->full_waiters, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                else
                        prepare_to_wait(&work->waiters, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);

                /*
                 * The events can happen in critical sections where
                 * checking a work queue can cause deadlocks.
                 * After adding a task to the queue, this flag is set
                 * only to notify events to try to wake up the queue
                 * using irq_work.
                 *
                 * We don't clear it even if the buffer is no longer
                 * empty. The flag only causes the next event to run
                 * irq_work to do the work queue wake up. The worse
                 * that can happen if we race with !trace_empty() is that
                 * an event will cause an irq_work to try to wake up
                 * an empty queue.
                 *
                 * There's no reason to protect this flag either, as
                 * the work queue and irq_work logic will do the necessary
                 * synchronization for the wake ups. The only thing
                 * that is necessary is that the wake up happens after
                 * a task has been queued. It's OK for spurious wake ups.
                 */
                if (full)
                        work->full_waiters_pending = true;
                else
                        work->waiters_pending = true;

                if (signal_pending(current)) {
                        ret = -EINTR;
                        break;
                }

                if (cpu == RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS && !ring_buffer_empty(buffer))
                        break;

                if (cpu != RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS &&
                    !ring_buffer_empty_cpu(buffer, cpu)) {
                        unsigned long flags;
                        bool pagebusy;

                        if (!full)
                                break;

                        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
                        pagebusy = cpu_buffer->reader_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page;
                        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

                        if (!pagebusy)
                                break;
                }

                schedule();
        }

        if (full)
                finish_wait(&work->full_waiters, &wait);
        else
                finish_wait(&work->waiters, &wait);

        return ret;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_poll_wait - poll on buffer input
 * @buffer: buffer to wait on
 * @cpu: the cpu buffer to wait on
 * @filp: the file descriptor
 * @poll_table: The poll descriptor
 *
 * If @cpu == RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS then the task will wake up as soon
 * as data is added to any of the @buffer's cpu buffers. Otherwise
 * it will wait for data to be added to a specific cpu buffer.
 *
 * Returns POLLIN | POLLRDNORM if data exists in the buffers,
 * zero otherwise.
 */
int ring_buffer_poll_wait(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu,
                          struct file *filp, poll_table *poll_table)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct rb_irq_work *work;

        if (cpu == RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS)
                work = &buffer->irq_work;
        else {
                if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                        return -EINVAL;

                cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
                work = &cpu_buffer->irq_work;
        }

        poll_wait(filp, &work->waiters, poll_table);
        work->waiters_pending = true;
        /*
         * There's a tight race between setting the waiters_pending and
         * checking if the ring buffer is empty.  Once the waiters_pending bit
         * is set, the next event will wake the task up, but we can get stuck
         * if there's only a single event in.
         *
         * FIXME: Ideally, we need a memory barrier on the writer side as well,
         * but adding a memory barrier to all events will cause too much of a
         * performance hit in the fast path.  We only need a memory barrier when
         * the buffer goes from empty to having content.  But as this race is
         * extremely small, and it's not a problem if another event comes in, we
         * will fix it later.
         */
        smp_mb();

        if ((cpu == RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS && !ring_buffer_empty(buffer)) ||
            (cpu != RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS && !ring_buffer_empty_cpu(buffer, cpu)))
                return POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
        return 0;
}

/* buffer may be either ring_buffer or ring_buffer_per_cpu */
#define RB_WARN_ON(b, cond)                                             \
        ({                                                              \
                int _____ret = unlikely(cond);                          \
                if (_____ret) {                                         \
                        if (__same_type(*(b), struct ring_buffer_per_cpu)) { \
                                struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *__b =       \
                                        (void *)b;                      \
                                atomic_inc(&__b->buffer->record_disabled); \
                        } else                                          \
                                atomic_inc(&b->record_disabled);        \
                        WARN_ON(1);                                     \
                }                                                       \
                _____ret;                                               \
        })

/* Up this if you want to test the TIME_EXTENTS and normalization */
#define DEBUG_SHIFT 0

static inline u64 rb_time_stamp(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        /* shift to debug/test normalization and TIME_EXTENTS */
        return buffer->clock() << DEBUG_SHIFT;
}

u64 ring_buffer_time_stamp(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        u64 time;

        preempt_disable_notrace();
        time = rb_time_stamp(buffer);
        preempt_enable_no_resched_notrace();

        return time;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_time_stamp);

void ring_buffer_normalize_time_stamp(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
                                      int cpu, u64 *ts)
{
        /* Just stupid testing the normalize function and deltas */
        *ts >>= DEBUG_SHIFT;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_normalize_time_stamp);

/*
 * Making the ring buffer lockless makes things tricky.
 * Although writes only happen on the CPU that they are on,
 * and they only need to worry about interrupts. Reads can
 * happen on any CPU.
 *
 * The reader page is always off the ring buffer, but when the
 * reader finishes with a page, it needs to swap its page with
 * a new one from the buffer. The reader needs to take from
 * the head (writes go to the tail). But if a writer is in overwrite
 * mode and wraps, it must push the head page forward.
 *
 * Here lies the problem.
 *
 * The reader must be careful to replace only the head page, and
 * not another one. As described at the top of the file in the
 * ASCII art, the reader sets its old page to point to the next
 * page after head. It then sets the page after head to point to
 * the old reader page. But if the writer moves the head page
 * during this operation, the reader could end up with the tail.
 *
 * We use cmpxchg to help prevent this race. We also do something
 * special with the page before head. We set the LSB to 1.
 *
 * When the writer must push the page forward, it will clear the
 * bit that points to the head page, move the head, and then set
 * the bit that points to the new head page.
 *
 * We also don't want an interrupt coming in and moving the head
 * page on another writer. Thus we use the second LSB to catch
 * that too. Thus:
 *
 * head->list->prev->next        bit 1          bit 0
 *                              -------        -------
 * Normal page                     0              0
 * Points to head page             0              1
 * New head page                   1              0
 *
 * Note we can not trust the prev pointer of the head page, because:
 *
 * +----+       +-----+        +-----+
 * |    |------>|  T  |---X--->|  N  |
 * |    |<------|     |        |     |
 * +----+       +-----+        +-----+
 *   ^                           ^ |
 *   |          +-----+          | |
 *   +----------|  R  |----------+ |
 *              |     |<-----------+
 *              +-----+
 *
 * Key:  ---X-->  HEAD flag set in pointer
 *         T      Tail page
 *         R      Reader page
 *         N      Next page
 *
 * (see __rb_reserve_next() to see where this happens)
 *
 *  What the above shows is that the reader just swapped out
 *  the reader page with a page in the buffer, but before it
 *  could make the new header point back to the new page added
 *  it was preempted by a writer. The writer moved forward onto
 *  the new page added by the reader and is about to move forward
 *  again.
 *
 *  You can see, it is legitimate for the previous pointer of
 *  the head (or any page) not to point back to itself. But only
 *  temporarially.
 */

#define RB_PAGE_NORMAL          0UL
#define RB_PAGE_HEAD            1UL
#define RB_PAGE_UPDATE          2UL


#define RB_FLAG_MASK            3UL

/* PAGE_MOVED is not part of the mask */
#define RB_PAGE_MOVED           4UL

/*
 * rb_list_head - remove any bit
 */
static struct list_head *rb_list_head(struct list_head *list)
{
        unsigned long val = (unsigned long)list;

        return (struct list_head *)(val & ~RB_FLAG_MASK);
}

/*
 * rb_is_head_page - test if the given page is the head page
 *
 * Because the reader may move the head_page pointer, we can
 * not trust what the head page is (it may be pointing to
 * the reader page). But if the next page is a header page,
 * its flags will be non zero.
 */
static inline int
rb_is_head_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                struct buffer_page *page, struct list_head *list)
{
        unsigned long val;

        val = (unsigned long)list->next;

        if ((val & ~RB_FLAG_MASK) != (unsigned long)&page->list)
                return RB_PAGE_MOVED;

        return val & RB_FLAG_MASK;
}

/*
 * rb_is_reader_page
 *
 * The unique thing about the reader page, is that, if the
 * writer is ever on it, the previous pointer never points
 * back to the reader page.
 */
static bool rb_is_reader_page(struct buffer_page *page)
{
        struct list_head *list = page->list.prev;

        return rb_list_head(list->next) != &page->list;
}

/*
 * rb_set_list_to_head - set a list_head to be pointing to head.
 */
static void rb_set_list_to_head(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                                struct list_head *list)
{
        unsigned long *ptr;

        ptr = (unsigned long *)&list->next;
        *ptr |= RB_PAGE_HEAD;
        *ptr &= ~RB_PAGE_UPDATE;
}

/*
 * rb_head_page_activate - sets up head page
 */
static void rb_head_page_activate(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        struct buffer_page *head;

        head = cpu_buffer->head_page;
        if (!head)
                return;

        /*
         * Set the previous list pointer to have the HEAD flag.
         */
        rb_set_list_to_head(cpu_buffer, head->list.prev);
}

static void rb_list_head_clear(struct list_head *list)
{
        unsigned long *ptr = (unsigned long *)&list->next;

        *ptr &= ~RB_FLAG_MASK;
}

/*
 * rb_head_page_dactivate - clears head page ptr (for free list)
 */
static void
rb_head_page_deactivate(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        struct list_head *hd;

        /* Go through the whole list and clear any pointers found. */
        rb_list_head_clear(cpu_buffer->pages);

        list_for_each(hd, cpu_buffer->pages)
                rb_list_head_clear(hd);
}

static int rb_head_page_set(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                            struct buffer_page *head,
                            struct buffer_page *prev,
                            int old_flag, int new_flag)
{
        struct list_head *list;
        unsigned long val = (unsigned long)&head->list;
        unsigned long ret;

        list = &prev->list;

        val &= ~RB_FLAG_MASK;

        ret = cmpxchg((unsigned long *)&list->next,
                      val | old_flag, val | new_flag);

        /* check if the reader took the page */
        if ((ret & ~RB_FLAG_MASK) != val)
                return RB_PAGE_MOVED;

        return ret & RB_FLAG_MASK;
}

static int rb_head_page_set_update(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                                   struct buffer_page *head,
                                   struct buffer_page *prev,
                                   int old_flag)
{
        return rb_head_page_set(cpu_buffer, head, prev,
                                old_flag, RB_PAGE_UPDATE);
}

static int rb_head_page_set_head(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                                 struct buffer_page *head,
                                 struct buffer_page *prev,
                                 int old_flag)
{
        return rb_head_page_set(cpu_buffer, head, prev,
                                old_flag, RB_PAGE_HEAD);
}

static int rb_head_page_set_normal(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                                   struct buffer_page *head,
                                   struct buffer_page *prev,
                                   int old_flag)
{
        return rb_head_page_set(cpu_buffer, head, prev,
                                old_flag, RB_PAGE_NORMAL);
}

static inline void rb_inc_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                               struct buffer_page **bpage)
{
        struct list_head *p = rb_list_head((*bpage)->list.next);

        *bpage = list_entry(p, struct buffer_page, list);
}

static struct buffer_page *
rb_set_head_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        struct buffer_page *head;
        struct buffer_page *page;
        struct list_head *list;
        int i;

        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !cpu_buffer->head_page))
                return NULL;

        /* sanity check */
        list = cpu_buffer->pages;
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, rb_list_head(list->prev->next) != list))
                return NULL;

        page = head = cpu_buffer->head_page;
        /*
         * It is possible that the writer moves the header behind
         * where we started, and we miss in one loop.
         * A second loop should grab the header, but we'll do
         * three loops just because I'm paranoid.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                do {
                        if (rb_is_head_page(cpu_buffer, page, page->list.prev)) {
                                cpu_buffer->head_page = page;
                                return page;
                        }
                        rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &page);
                } while (page != head);
        }

        RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, 1);

        return NULL;
}

static int rb_head_page_replace(struct buffer_page *old,
                                struct buffer_page *new)
{
        unsigned long *ptr = (unsigned long *)&old->list.prev->next;
        unsigned long val;
        unsigned long ret;

        val = *ptr & ~RB_FLAG_MASK;
        val |= RB_PAGE_HEAD;

        ret = cmpxchg(ptr, val, (unsigned long)&new->list);

        return ret == val;
}

/*
 * rb_tail_page_update - move the tail page forward
 */
static void rb_tail_page_update(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                               struct buffer_page *tail_page,
                               struct buffer_page *next_page)
{
        unsigned long old_entries;
        unsigned long old_write;

        /*
         * The tail page now needs to be moved forward.
         *
         * We need to reset the tail page, but without messing
         * with possible erasing of data brought in by interrupts
         * that have moved the tail page and are currently on it.
         *
         * We add a counter to the write field to denote this.
         */
        old_write = local_add_return(RB_WRITE_INTCNT, &next_page->write);
        old_entries = local_add_return(RB_WRITE_INTCNT, &next_page->entries);

        /*
         * Just make sure we have seen our old_write and synchronize
         * with any interrupts that come in.
         */
        barrier();

        /*
         * If the tail page is still the same as what we think
         * it is, then it is up to us to update the tail
         * pointer.
         */
        if (tail_page == READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->tail_page)) {
                /* Zero the write counter */
                unsigned long val = old_write & ~RB_WRITE_MASK;
                unsigned long eval = old_entries & ~RB_WRITE_MASK;

                /*
                 * This will only succeed if an interrupt did
                 * not come in and change it. In which case, we
                 * do not want to modify it.
                 *
                 * We add (void) to let the compiler know that we do not care
                 * about the return value of these functions. We use the
                 * cmpxchg to only update if an interrupt did not already
                 * do it for us. If the cmpxchg fails, we don't care.
                 */
                (void)local_cmpxchg(&next_page->write, old_write, val);
                (void)local_cmpxchg(&next_page->entries, old_entries, eval);

                /*
                 * No need to worry about races with clearing out the commit.
                 * it only can increment when a commit takes place. But that
                 * only happens in the outer most nested commit.
                 */
                local_set(&next_page->page->commit, 0);

                /* Again, either we update tail_page or an interrupt does */
                (void)cmpxchg(&cpu_buffer->tail_page, tail_page, next_page);
        }
}

static int rb_check_bpage(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                          struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
        unsigned long val = (unsigned long)bpage;

        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, val & RB_FLAG_MASK))
                return 1;

        return 0;
}

/**
 * rb_check_list - make sure a pointer to a list has the last bits zero
 */
static int rb_check_list(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                         struct list_head *list)
{
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, rb_list_head(list->prev) != list->prev))
                return 1;
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, rb_list_head(list->next) != list->next))
                return 1;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * rb_check_pages - integrity check of buffer pages
 * @cpu_buffer: CPU buffer with pages to test
 *
 * As a safety measure we check to make sure the data pages have not
 * been corrupted.
 */
static int rb_check_pages(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        struct list_head *head = cpu_buffer->pages;
        struct buffer_page *bpage, *tmp;

        /* Reset the head page if it exists */
        if (cpu_buffer->head_page)
                rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer);

        rb_head_page_deactivate(cpu_buffer);

        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, head->next->prev != head))
                return -1;
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, head->prev->next != head))
                return -1;

        if (rb_check_list(cpu_buffer, head))
                return -1;

        list_for_each_entry_safe(bpage, tmp, head, list) {
                if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
                               bpage->list.next->prev != &bpage->list))
                        return -1;
                if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
                               bpage->list.prev->next != &bpage->list))
                        return -1;
                if (rb_check_list(cpu_buffer, &bpage->list))
                        return -1;
        }

        rb_head_page_activate(cpu_buffer);

        return 0;
}

static int __rb_allocate_pages(long nr_pages, struct list_head *pages, int cpu)
{
        struct buffer_page *bpage, *tmp;
        long i;

        /* Check if the available memory is there first */
        i = si_mem_available();
        if (i < nr_pages)
                return -ENOMEM;

        for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                struct page *page;
                /*
                 * __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL flag makes sure that the allocation fails
                 * gracefully without invoking oom-killer and the system is not
                 * destabilized.
                 */
                bpage = kzalloc_node(ALIGN(sizeof(*bpage), cache_line_size()),
                                    GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL,
                                    cpu_to_node(cpu));
                if (!bpage)
                        goto free_pages;

                list_add(&bpage->list, pages);

                page = alloc_pages_node(cpu_to_node(cpu),
                                        GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL, 0);
                if (!page)
                        goto free_pages;
                bpage->page = page_address(page);
                rb_init_page(bpage->page);
        }

        return 0;

free_pages:
        list_for_each_entry_safe(bpage, tmp, pages, list) {
                list_del_init(&bpage->list);
                free_buffer_page(bpage);
        }

        return -ENOMEM;
}

static int rb_allocate_pages(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                             unsigned long nr_pages)
{
        LIST_HEAD(pages);

        WARN_ON(!nr_pages);

        if (__rb_allocate_pages(nr_pages, &pages, cpu_buffer->cpu))
                return -ENOMEM;

        /*
         * The ring buffer page list is a circular list that does not
         * start and end with a list head. All page list items point to
         * other pages.
         */
        cpu_buffer->pages = pages.next;
        list_del(&pages);

        cpu_buffer->nr_pages = nr_pages;

        rb_check_pages(cpu_buffer);

        return 0;
}

static struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *
rb_allocate_cpu_buffer(struct ring_buffer *buffer, long nr_pages, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct buffer_page *bpage;
        struct page *page;
        int ret;

        cpu_buffer = kzalloc_node(ALIGN(sizeof(*cpu_buffer), cache_line_size()),
                                  GFP_KERNEL, cpu_to_node(cpu));
        if (!cpu_buffer)
                return NULL;

        cpu_buffer->cpu = cpu;
        cpu_buffer->buffer = buffer;
        raw_spin_lock_init(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
        lockdep_set_class(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, buffer->reader_lock_key);
        cpu_buffer->lock = (arch_spinlock_t)__ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
        INIT_WORK(&cpu_buffer->update_pages_work, update_pages_handler);
        init_completion(&cpu_buffer->update_done);
        init_irq_work(&cpu_buffer->irq_work.work, rb_wake_up_waiters);
        init_waitqueue_head(&cpu_buffer->irq_work.waiters);
        init_waitqueue_head(&cpu_buffer->irq_work.full_waiters);

        bpage = kzalloc_node(ALIGN(sizeof(*bpage), cache_line_size()),
                            GFP_KERNEL, cpu_to_node(cpu));
        if (!bpage)
                goto fail_free_buffer;

        rb_check_bpage(cpu_buffer, bpage);

        cpu_buffer->reader_page = bpage;
        page = alloc_pages_node(cpu_to_node(cpu), GFP_KERNEL, 0);
        if (!page)
                goto fail_free_reader;
        bpage->page = page_address(page);
        rb_init_page(bpage->page);

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cpu_buffer->new_pages);

        ret = rb_allocate_pages(cpu_buffer, nr_pages);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto fail_free_reader;

        cpu_buffer->head_page
                = list_entry(cpu_buffer->pages, struct buffer_page, list);
        cpu_buffer->tail_page = cpu_buffer->commit_page = cpu_buffer->head_page;

        rb_head_page_activate(cpu_buffer);

        return cpu_buffer;

 fail_free_reader:
        free_buffer_page(cpu_buffer->reader_page);

 fail_free_buffer:
        kfree(cpu_buffer);
        return NULL;
}

static void rb_free_cpu_buffer(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        struct list_head *head = cpu_buffer->pages;
        struct buffer_page *bpage, *tmp;

        free_buffer_page(cpu_buffer->reader_page);

        rb_head_page_deactivate(cpu_buffer);

        if (head) {
                list_for_each_entry_safe(bpage, tmp, head, list) {
                        list_del_init(&bpage->list);
                        free_buffer_page(bpage);
                }
                bpage = list_entry(head, struct buffer_page, list);
                free_buffer_page(bpage);
        }

        kfree(cpu_buffer);
}

/**
 * __ring_buffer_alloc - allocate a new ring_buffer
 * @size: the size in bytes per cpu that is needed.
 * @flags: attributes to set for the ring buffer.
 *
 * Currently the only flag that is available is the RB_FL_OVERWRITE
 * flag. This flag means that the buffer will overwrite old data
 * when the buffer wraps. If this flag is not set, the buffer will
 * drop data when the tail hits the head.
 */
struct ring_buffer *__ring_buffer_alloc(unsigned long size, unsigned flags,
                                        struct lock_class_key *key)
{
        struct ring_buffer *buffer;
        long nr_pages;
        int bsize;
        int cpu;
        int ret;

        /* keep it in its own cache line */
        buffer = kzalloc(ALIGN(sizeof(*buffer), cache_line_size()),
                         GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!buffer)
                return NULL;

        if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&buffer->cpumask, GFP_KERNEL))
                goto fail_free_buffer;

        nr_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, BUF_PAGE_SIZE);
        buffer->flags = flags;
        buffer->clock = trace_clock_local;
        buffer->reader_lock_key = key;

        init_irq_work(&buffer->irq_work.work, rb_wake_up_waiters);
        init_waitqueue_head(&buffer->irq_work.waiters);

        /* need at least two pages */
        if (nr_pages < 2)
                nr_pages = 2;

        buffer->cpus = nr_cpu_ids;

        bsize = sizeof(void *) * nr_cpu_ids;
        buffer->buffers = kzalloc(ALIGN(bsize, cache_line_size()),
                                  GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!buffer->buffers)
                goto fail_free_cpumask;

        cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
        cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask);
        buffer->buffers[cpu] = rb_allocate_cpu_buffer(buffer, nr_pages, cpu);
        if (!buffer->buffers[cpu])
                goto fail_free_buffers;

        ret = cpuhp_state_add_instance(CPUHP_TRACE_RB_PREPARE, &buffer->node);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto fail_free_buffers;

        mutex_init(&buffer->mutex);

        return buffer;

 fail_free_buffers:
        for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
                if (buffer->buffers[cpu])
                        rb_free_cpu_buffer(buffer->buffers[cpu]);
        }
        kfree(buffer->buffers);

 fail_free_cpumask:
        free_cpumask_var(buffer->cpumask);

 fail_free_buffer:
        kfree(buffer);
        return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__ring_buffer_alloc);

/**
 * ring_buffer_free - free a ring buffer.
 * @buffer: the buffer to free.
 */
void
ring_buffer_free(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        int cpu;

        cpuhp_state_remove_instance(CPUHP_TRACE_RB_PREPARE, &buffer->node);

        for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu)
                rb_free_cpu_buffer(buffer->buffers[cpu]);

        kfree(buffer->buffers);
        free_cpumask_var(buffer->cpumask);

        kfree(buffer);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_free);

void ring_buffer_set_clock(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
                           u64 (*clock)(void))
{
        buffer->clock = clock;
}

static void rb_reset_cpu(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer);

static inline unsigned long rb_page_entries(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
        return local_read(&bpage->entries) & RB_WRITE_MASK;
}

static inline unsigned long rb_page_write(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
        return local_read(&bpage->write) & RB_WRITE_MASK;
}

static int
rb_remove_pages(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
        struct list_head *tail_page, *to_remove, *next_page;
        struct buffer_page *to_remove_page, *tmp_iter_page;
        struct buffer_page *last_page, *first_page;
        unsigned long nr_removed;
        unsigned long head_bit;
        int page_entries;

        head_bit = 0;

        raw_spin_lock_irq(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
        atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
        /*
         * We don't race with the readers since we have acquired the reader
         * lock. We also don't race with writers after disabling recording.
         * This makes it easy to figure out the first and the last page to be
         * removed from the list. We unlink all the pages in between including
         * the first and last pages. This is done in a busy loop so that we
         * lose the least number of traces.
         * The pages are freed after we restart recording and unlock readers.
         */
        tail_page = &cpu_buffer->tail_page->list;

        /*
         * tail page might be on reader page, we remove the next page
         * from the ring buffer
         */
        if (cpu_buffer->tail_page == cpu_buffer->reader_page)
                tail_page = rb_list_head(tail_page->next);
        to_remove = tail_page;

        /* start of pages to remove */
        first_page = list_entry(rb_list_head(to_remove->next),
                                struct buffer_page, list);

        for (nr_removed = 0; nr_removed < nr_pages; nr_removed++) {
                to_remove = rb_list_head(to_remove)->next;
                head_bit |= (unsigned long)to_remove & RB_PAGE_HEAD;
        }

        next_page = rb_list_head(to_remove)->next;

        /*
         * Now we remove all pages between tail_page and next_page.
         * Make sure that we have head_bit value preserved for the
         * next page
         */
        tail_page->next = (struct list_head *)((unsigned long)next_page |
                                                head_bit);
        next_page = rb_list_head(next_page);
        next_page->prev = tail_page;

        /* make sure pages points to a valid page in the ring buffer */
        cpu_buffer->pages = next_page;

        /* update head page */
        if (head_bit)
                cpu_buffer->head_page = list_entry(next_page,
                                                struct buffer_page, list);

        /*
         * change read pointer to make sure any read iterators reset
         * themselves
         */
        cpu_buffer->read = 0;

        /* pages are removed, resume tracing and then free the pages */
        atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
        raw_spin_unlock_irq(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);

        RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, list_empty(cpu_buffer->pages));

        /* last buffer page to remove */
        last_page = list_entry(rb_list_head(to_remove), struct buffer_page,
                                list);
        tmp_iter_page = first_page;

        do {
                to_remove_page = tmp_iter_page;
                rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &tmp_iter_page);

                /* update the counters */
                page_entries = rb_page_entries(to_remove_page);
                if (page_entries) {
                        /*
                         * If something was added to this page, it was full
                         * since it is not the tail page. So we deduct the
                         * bytes consumed in ring buffer from here.
                         * Increment overrun to account for the lost events.
                         */
                        local_add(page_entries, &cpu_buffer->overrun);
                        local_sub(BUF_PAGE_SIZE, &cpu_buffer->entries_bytes);
                }

                /*
                 * We have already removed references to this list item, just
                 * free up the buffer_page and its page
                 */
                free_buffer_page(to_remove_page);
                nr_removed--;

        } while (to_remove_page != last_page);

        RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, nr_removed);

        return nr_removed == 0;
}

static int
rb_insert_pages(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        struct list_head *pages = &cpu_buffer->new_pages;
        int retries, success;

        raw_spin_lock_irq(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
        /*
         * We are holding the reader lock, so the reader page won't be swapped
         * in the ring buffer. Now we are racing with the writer trying to
         * move head page and the tail page.
         * We are going to adapt the reader page update process where:
         * 1. We first splice the start and end of list of new pages between
         *    the head page and its previous page.
         * 2. We cmpxchg the prev_page->next to point from head page to the
         *    start of new pages list.
         * 3. Finally, we update the head->prev to the end of new list.
         *
         * We will try this process 10 times, to make sure that we don't keep
         * spinning.
         */
        retries = 10;
        success = 0;
        while (retries--) {
                struct list_head *head_page, *prev_page, *r;
                struct list_head *last_page, *first_page;
                struct list_head *head_page_with_bit;

                head_page = &rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer)->list;
                if (!head_page)
                        break;
                prev_page = head_page->prev;

                first_page = pages->next;
                last_page  = pages->prev;

                head_page_with_bit = (struct list_head *)
                                     ((unsigned long)head_page | RB_PAGE_HEAD);

                last_page->next = head_page_with_bit;
                first_page->prev = prev_page;

                r = cmpxchg(&prev_page->next, head_page_with_bit, first_page);

                if (r == head_page_with_bit) {
                        /*
                         * yay, we replaced the page pointer to our new list,
                         * now, we just have to update to head page's prev
                         * pointer to point to end of list
                         */
                        head_page->prev = last_page;
                        success = 1;
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (success)
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(pages);
        /*
         * If we weren't successful in adding in new pages, warn and stop
         * tracing
         */
        RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !success);
        raw_spin_unlock_irq(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);

        /* free pages if they weren't inserted */
        if (!success) {
                struct buffer_page *bpage, *tmp;
                list_for_each_entry_safe(bpage, tmp, &cpu_buffer->new_pages,
                                         list) {
                        list_del_init(&bpage->list);
                        free_buffer_page(bpage);
                }
        }
        return success;
}

static void rb_update_pages(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        int success;

        if (cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update > 0)
                success = rb_insert_pages(cpu_buffer);
        else
                success = rb_remove_pages(cpu_buffer,
                                        -cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update);

        if (success)
                cpu_buffer->nr_pages += cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update;
}

static void update_pages_handler(struct work_struct *work)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = container_of(work,
                        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu, update_pages_work);
        rb_update_pages(cpu_buffer);
        complete(&cpu_buffer->update_done);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_resize - resize the ring buffer
 * @buffer: the buffer to resize.
 * @size: the new size.
 * @cpu_id: the cpu buffer to resize
 *
 * Minimum size is 2 * BUF_PAGE_SIZE.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success and < 0 on failure.
 */
int ring_buffer_resize(struct ring_buffer *buffer, unsigned long size,
                        int cpu_id)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long nr_pages;
        int cpu, err = 0;

        /*
         * Always succeed at resizing a non-existent buffer:
         */
        if (!buffer)
                return size;

        /* Make sure the requested buffer exists */
        if (cpu_id != RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS &&
            !cpumask_test_cpu(cpu_id, buffer->cpumask))
                return size;

        nr_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, BUF_PAGE_SIZE);

        /* we need a minimum of two pages */
        if (nr_pages < 2)
                nr_pages = 2;

        size = nr_pages * BUF_PAGE_SIZE;

        /*
         * Don't succeed if resizing is disabled, as a reader might be
         * manipulating the ring buffer and is expecting a sane state while
         * this is true.
         */
        if (atomic_read(&buffer->resize_disabled))
                return -EBUSY;

        /* prevent another thread from changing buffer sizes */
        mutex_lock(&buffer->mutex);

        if (cpu_id == RING_BUFFER_ALL_CPUS) {
                /* calculate the pages to update */
                for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
                        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

                        cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update = nr_pages -
                                                        cpu_buffer->nr_pages;
                        /*
                         * nothing more to do for removing pages or no update
                         */
                        if (cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update <= 0)
                                continue;
                        /*
                         * to add pages, make sure all new pages can be
                         * allocated without receiving ENOMEM
                         */
                        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cpu_buffer->new_pages);
                        if (__rb_allocate_pages(cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update,
                                                &cpu_buffer->new_pages, cpu)) {
                                /* not enough memory for new pages */
                                err = -ENOMEM;
                                goto out_err;
                        }
                }

                get_online_cpus();
                /*
                 * Fire off all the required work handlers
                 * We can't schedule on offline CPUs, but it's not necessary
                 * since we can change their buffer sizes without any race.
                 */
                for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
                        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
                        if (!cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update)
                                continue;

                        /* Can't run something on an offline CPU. */
                        if (!cpu_online(cpu)) {
                                rb_update_pages(cpu_buffer);
                                cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update = 0;
                        } else {
                                schedule_work_on(cpu,
                                                &cpu_buffer->update_pages_work);
                        }
                }

                /* wait for all the updates to complete */
                for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
                        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
                        if (!cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update)
                                continue;

                        if (cpu_online(cpu))
                                wait_for_completion(&cpu_buffer->update_done);
                        cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update = 0;
                }

                put_online_cpus();
        } else {
                /* Make sure this CPU has been intitialized */
                if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu_id, buffer->cpumask))
                        goto out;

                cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu_id];

                if (nr_pages == cpu_buffer->nr_pages)
                        goto out;

                cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update = nr_pages -
                                                cpu_buffer->nr_pages;

                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cpu_buffer->new_pages);
                if (cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update > 0 &&
                        __rb_allocate_pages(cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update,
                                            &cpu_buffer->new_pages, cpu_id)) {
                        err = -ENOMEM;
                        goto out_err;
                }

                get_online_cpus();

                /* Can't run something on an offline CPU. */
                if (!cpu_online(cpu_id))
                        rb_update_pages(cpu_buffer);
                else {
                        schedule_work_on(cpu_id,
                                         &cpu_buffer->update_pages_work);
                        wait_for_completion(&cpu_buffer->update_done);
                }

                cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update = 0;
                put_online_cpus();
        }

 out:
        /*
         * The ring buffer resize can happen with the ring buffer
         * enabled, so that the update disturbs the tracing as little
         * as possible. But if the buffer is disabled, we do not need
         * to worry about that, and we can take the time to verify
         * that the buffer is not corrupt.
         */
        if (atomic_read(&buffer->record_disabled)) {
                atomic_inc(&buffer->record_disabled);
                /*
                 * Even though the buffer was disabled, we must make sure
                 * that it is truly disabled before calling rb_check_pages.
                 * There could have been a race between checking
                 * record_disable and incrementing it.
                 */
                synchronize_sched();
                for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
                        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
                        rb_check_pages(cpu_buffer);
                }
                atomic_dec(&buffer->record_disabled);
        }

        mutex_unlock(&buffer->mutex);
        return size;

 out_err:
        for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
                struct buffer_page *bpage, *tmp;

                cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
                cpu_buffer->nr_pages_to_update = 0;

                if (list_empty(&cpu_buffer->new_pages))
                        continue;

                list_for_each_entry_safe(bpage, tmp, &cpu_buffer->new_pages,
                                        list) {
                        list_del_init(&bpage->list);
                        free_buffer_page(bpage);
                }
        }
        mutex_unlock(&buffer->mutex);
        return err;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_resize);

void ring_buffer_change_overwrite(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int val)
{
        mutex_lock(&buffer->mutex);
        if (val)
                buffer->flags |= RB_FL_OVERWRITE;
        else
                buffer->flags &= ~RB_FL_OVERWRITE;
        mutex_unlock(&buffer->mutex);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_change_overwrite);

static __always_inline void *__rb_page_index(struct buffer_page *bpage, unsigned index)
{
        return bpage->page->data + index;
}

static __always_inline struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_reader_event(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        return __rb_page_index(cpu_buffer->reader_page,
                               cpu_buffer->reader_page->read);
}

static __always_inline struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_iter_head_event(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
        return __rb_page_index(iter->head_page, iter->head);
}

static __always_inline unsigned rb_page_commit(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
        return local_read(&bpage->page->commit);
}

/* Size is determined by what has been committed */
static __always_inline unsigned rb_page_size(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
        return rb_page_commit(bpage);
}

static __always_inline unsigned
rb_commit_index(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        return rb_page_commit(cpu_buffer->commit_page);
}

static __always_inline unsigned
rb_event_index(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)event;

        return (addr & ~PAGE_MASK) - BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE;
}

static void rb_inc_iter(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

        /*
         * The iterator could be on the reader page (it starts there).
         * But the head could have moved, since the reader was
         * found. Check for this case and assign the iterator
         * to the head page instead of next.
         */
        if (iter->head_page == cpu_buffer->reader_page)
                iter->head_page = rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer);
        else
                rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &iter->head_page);

        iter->read_stamp = iter->head_page->page->time_stamp;
        iter->head = 0;
}

/*
 * rb_handle_head_page - writer hit the head page
 *
 * Returns: +1 to retry page
 *           0 to continue
 *          -1 on error
 */
static int
rb_handle_head_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                    struct buffer_page *tail_page,
                    struct buffer_page *next_page)
{
        struct buffer_page *new_head;
        int entries;
        int type;
        int ret;

        entries = rb_page_entries(next_page);

        /*
         * The hard part is here. We need to move the head
         * forward, and protect against both readers on
         * other CPUs and writers coming in via interrupts.
         */
        type = rb_head_page_set_update(cpu_buffer, next_page, tail_page,
                                       RB_PAGE_HEAD);

        /*
         * type can be one of four:
         *  NORMAL - an interrupt already moved it for us
         *  HEAD   - we are the first to get here.
         *  UPDATE - we are the interrupt interrupting
         *           a current move.
         *  MOVED  - a reader on another CPU moved the next
         *           pointer to its reader page. Give up
         *           and try again.
         */

        switch (type) {
        case RB_PAGE_HEAD:
                /*
                 * We changed the head to UPDATE, thus
                 * it is our responsibility to update
                 * the counters.
                 */
                local_add(entries, &cpu_buffer->overrun);
                local_sub(BUF_PAGE_SIZE, &cpu_buffer->entries_bytes);

                /*
                 * The entries will be zeroed out when we move the
                 * tail page.
                 */

                /* still more to do */
                break;

        case RB_PAGE_UPDATE:
                /*
                 * This is an interrupt that interrupt the
                 * previous update. Still more to do.
                 */
                break;
        case RB_PAGE_NORMAL:
                /*
                 * An interrupt came in before the update
                 * and processed this for us.
                 * Nothing left to do.
                 */
                return 1;
        case RB_PAGE_MOVED:
                /*
                 * The reader is on another CPU and just did
                 * a swap with our next_page.
                 * Try again.
                 */
                return 1;
        default:
                RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, 1); /* WTF??? */
                return -1;
        }

        /*
         * Now that we are here, the old head pointer is
         * set to UPDATE. This will keep the reader from
         * swapping the head page with the reader page.
         * The reader (on another CPU) will spin till
         * we are finished.
         *
         * We just need to protect against interrupts
         * doing the job. We will set the next pointer
         * to HEAD. After that, we set the old pointer
         * to NORMAL, but only if it was HEAD before.
         * otherwise we are an interrupt, and only
         * want the outer most commit to reset it.
         */
        new_head = next_page;
        rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &new_head);

        ret = rb_head_page_set_head(cpu_buffer, new_head, next_page,
                                    RB_PAGE_NORMAL);

        /*
         * Valid returns are:
         *  HEAD   - an interrupt came in and already set it.
         *  NORMAL - One of two things:
         *            1) We really set it.
         *            2) A bunch of interrupts came in and moved
         *               the page forward again.
         */
        switch (ret) {
        case RB_PAGE_HEAD:
        case RB_PAGE_NORMAL:
                /* OK */
                break;
        default:
                RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, 1);
                return -1;
        }

        /*
         * It is possible that an interrupt came in,
         * set the head up, then more interrupts came in
         * and moved it again. When we get back here,
         * the page would have been set to NORMAL but we
         * just set it back to HEAD.
         *
         * How do you detect this? Well, if that happened
         * the tail page would have moved.
         */
        if (ret == RB_PAGE_NORMAL) {
                struct buffer_page *buffer_tail_page;

                buffer_tail_page = READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->tail_page);
                /*
                 * If the tail had moved passed next, then we need
                 * to reset the pointer.
                 */
                if (buffer_tail_page != tail_page &&
                    buffer_tail_page != next_page)
                        rb_head_page_set_normal(cpu_buffer, new_head,
                                                next_page,
                                                RB_PAGE_HEAD);
        }

        /*
         * If this was the outer most commit (the one that
         * changed the original pointer from HEAD to UPDATE),
         * then it is up to us to reset it to NORMAL.
         */
        if (type == RB_PAGE_HEAD) {
                ret = rb_head_page_set_normal(cpu_buffer, next_page,
                                              tail_page,
                                              RB_PAGE_UPDATE);
                if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
                               ret != RB_PAGE_UPDATE))
                        return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static inline void
rb_reset_tail(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
              unsigned long tail, struct rb_event_info *info)
{
        struct buffer_page *tail_page = info->tail_page;
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        unsigned long length = info->length;

        /*
         * Only the event that crossed the page boundary
         * must fill the old tail_page with padding.
         */
        if (tail >= BUF_PAGE_SIZE) {
                /*
                 * If the page was filled, then we still need
                 * to update the real_end. Reset it to zero
                 * and the reader will ignore it.
                 */
                if (tail == BUF_PAGE_SIZE)
                        tail_page->real_end = 0;

                local_sub(length, &tail_page->write);
                return;
        }

        event = __rb_page_index(tail_page, tail);

        /* account for padding bytes */
        local_add(BUF_PAGE_SIZE - tail, &cpu_buffer->entries_bytes);

        /*
         * Save the original length to the meta data.
         * This will be used by the reader to add lost event
         * counter.
         */
        tail_page->real_end = tail;

        /*
         * If this event is bigger than the minimum size, then
         * we need to be careful that we don't subtract the
         * write counter enough to allow another writer to slip
         * in on this page.
         * We put in a discarded commit instead, to make sure
         * that this space is not used again.
         *
         * If we are less than the minimum size, we don't need to
         * worry about it.
         */
        if (tail > (BUF_PAGE_SIZE - RB_EVNT_MIN_SIZE)) {
                /* No room for any events */

                /* Mark the rest of the page with padding */
                rb_event_set_padding(event);

                /* Set the write back to the previous setting */
                local_sub(length, &tail_page->write);
                return;
        }

        /* Put in a discarded event */
        event->array[0] = (BUF_PAGE_SIZE - tail) - RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
        event->type_len = RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING;
        /* time delta must be non zero */
        event->time_delta = 1;

        /* Set write to end of buffer */
        length = (tail + length) - BUF_PAGE_SIZE;
        local_sub(length, &tail_page->write);
}

static inline void rb_end_commit(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer);

/*
 * This is the slow path, force gcc not to inline it.
 */
static noinline struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_move_tail(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
             unsigned long tail, struct rb_event_info *info)
{
        struct buffer_page *tail_page = info->tail_page;
        struct buffer_page *commit_page = cpu_buffer->commit_page;
        struct ring_buffer *buffer = cpu_buffer->buffer;
        struct buffer_page *next_page;
        int ret;

        next_page = tail_page;

        rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &next_page);

        /*
         * If for some reason, we had an interrupt storm that made
         * it all the way around the buffer, bail, and warn
         * about it.
         */
        if (unlikely(next_page == commit_page)) {
                local_inc(&cpu_buffer->commit_overrun);
                goto out_reset;
        }

        /*
         * This is where the fun begins!
         *
         * We are fighting against races between a reader that
         * could be on another CPU trying to swap its reader
         * page with the buffer head.
         *
         * We are also fighting against interrupts coming in and
         * moving the head or tail on us as well.
         *
         * If the next page is the head page then we have filled
         * the buffer, unless the commit page is still on the
         * reader page.
         */
        if (rb_is_head_page(cpu_buffer, next_page, &tail_page->list)) {

                /*
                 * If the commit is not on the reader page, then
                 * move the header page.
                 */
                if (!rb_is_reader_page(cpu_buffer->commit_page)) {
                        /*
                         * If we are not in overwrite mode,
                         * this is easy, just stop here.
                         */
                        if (!(buffer->flags & RB_FL_OVERWRITE)) {
                                local_inc(&cpu_buffer->dropped_events);
                                goto out_reset;
                        }

                        ret = rb_handle_head_page(cpu_buffer,
                                                  tail_page,
                                                  next_page);
                        if (ret < 0)
                                goto out_reset;
                        if (ret)
                                goto out_again;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * We need to be careful here too. The
                         * commit page could still be on the reader
                         * page. We could have a small buffer, and
                         * have filled up the buffer with events
                         * from interrupts and such, and wrapped.
                         *
                         * Note, if the tail page is also the on the
                         * reader_page, we let it move out.
                         */
                        if (unlikely((cpu_buffer->commit_page !=
                                      cpu_buffer->tail_page) &&
                                     (cpu_buffer->commit_page ==
                                      cpu_buffer->reader_page))) {
                                local_inc(&cpu_buffer->commit_overrun);
                                goto out_reset;
                        }
                }
        }

        rb_tail_page_update(cpu_buffer, tail_page, next_page);

 out_again:

        rb_reset_tail(cpu_buffer, tail, info);

        /* Commit what we have for now. */
        rb_end_commit(cpu_buffer);
        /* rb_end_commit() decs committing */
        local_inc(&cpu_buffer->committing);

        /* fail and let the caller try again */
        return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);

 out_reset:
        /* reset write */
        rb_reset_tail(cpu_buffer, tail, info);

        return NULL;
}

/* Slow path, do not inline */
static noinline struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_add_time_stamp(struct ring_buffer_event *event, u64 delta)
{
        event->type_len = RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND;

        /* Not the first event on the page? */
        if (rb_event_index(event)) {
                event->time_delta = delta & TS_MASK;
                event->array[0] = delta >> TS_SHIFT;
        } else {
                /* nope, just zero it */
                event->time_delta = 0;
                event->array[0] = 0;
        }

        return skip_time_extend(event);
}

static inline bool rb_event_is_commit(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                                     struct ring_buffer_event *event);

/**
 * rb_update_event - update event type and data
 * @event: the event to update
 * @type: the type of event
 * @length: the size of the event field in the ring buffer
 *
 * Update the type and data fields of the event. The length
 * is the actual size that is written to the ring buffer,
 * and with this, we can determine what to place into the
 * data field.
 */
static void
rb_update_event(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                struct ring_buffer_event *event,
                struct rb_event_info *info)
{
        unsigned length = info->length;
        u64 delta = info->delta;

        /* Only a commit updates the timestamp */
        if (unlikely(!rb_event_is_commit(cpu_buffer, event)))
                delta = 0;

        /*
         * If we need to add a timestamp, then we
         * add it to the start of the resevered space.
         */
        if (unlikely(info->add_timestamp)) {
                event = rb_add_time_stamp(event, delta);
                length -= RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND;
                delta = 0;
        }

        event->time_delta = delta;
        length -= RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
        if (length > RB_MAX_SMALL_DATA || RB_FORCE_8BYTE_ALIGNMENT) {
                event->type_len = 0;
                event->array[0] = length;
        } else
                event->type_len = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, RB_ALIGNMENT);
}

static unsigned rb_calculate_event_length(unsigned length)
{
        struct ring_buffer_event event; /* Used only for sizeof array */

        /* zero length can cause confusions */
        if (!length)
                length++;

        if (length > RB_MAX_SMALL_DATA || RB_FORCE_8BYTE_ALIGNMENT)
                length += sizeof(event.array[0]);

        length += RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
        length = ALIGN(length, RB_ARCH_ALIGNMENT);

        /*
         * In case the time delta is larger than the 27 bits for it
         * in the header, we need to add a timestamp. If another
         * event comes in when trying to discard this one to increase
         * the length, then the timestamp will be added in the allocated
         * space of this event. If length is bigger than the size needed
         * for the TIME_EXTEND, then padding has to be used. The events
         * length must be either RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND, or greater than or equal
         * to RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND + 8, as 8 is the minimum size for padding.
         * As length is a multiple of 4, we only need to worry if it
         * is 12 (RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND + 4).
         */
        if (length == RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND + RB_ALIGNMENT)
                length += RB_ALIGNMENT;

        return length;
}

#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK
static inline bool sched_clock_stable(void)
{
        return true;
}
#endif

static inline int
rb_try_to_discard(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                  struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        unsigned long new_index, old_index;
        struct buffer_page *bpage;
        unsigned long index;
        unsigned long addr;

        new_index = rb_event_index(event);
        old_index = new_index + rb_event_ts_length(event);
        addr = (unsigned long)event;
        addr &= PAGE_MASK;

        bpage = READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->tail_page);

        if (bpage->page == (void *)addr && rb_page_write(bpage) == old_index) {
                unsigned long write_mask =
                        local_read(&bpage->write) & ~RB_WRITE_MASK;
                unsigned long event_length = rb_event_length(event);
                /*
                 * This is on the tail page. It is possible that
                 * a write could come in and move the tail page
                 * and write to the next page. That is fine
                 * because we just shorten what is on this page.
                 */
                old_index += write_mask;
                new_index += write_mask;
                index = local_cmpxchg(&bpage->write, old_index, new_index);
                if (index == old_index) {
                        /* update counters */
                        local_sub(event_length, &cpu_buffer->entries_bytes);
                        return 1;
                }
        }

        /* could not discard */
        return 0;
}

static void rb_start_commit(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        local_inc(&cpu_buffer->committing);
        local_inc(&cpu_buffer->commits);
}

static __always_inline void
rb_set_commit_to_write(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        unsigned long max_count;

        /*
         * We only race with interrupts and NMIs on this CPU.
         * If we own the commit event, then we can commit
         * all others that interrupted us, since the interruptions
         * are in stack format (they finish before they come
         * back to us). This allows us to do a simple loop to
         * assign the commit to the tail.
         */
 again:
        max_count = cpu_buffer->nr_pages * 100;

        while (cpu_buffer->commit_page != READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->tail_page)) {
                if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !(--max_count)))
                        return;
                if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
                               rb_is_reader_page(cpu_buffer->tail_page)))
                        return;
                local_set(&cpu_buffer->commit_page->page->commit,
                          rb_page_write(cpu_buffer->commit_page));
                rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &cpu_buffer->commit_page);
                /* Only update the write stamp if the page has an event */
                if (rb_page_write(cpu_buffer->commit_page))
                        cpu_buffer->write_stamp =
                                cpu_buffer->commit_page->page->time_stamp;
                /* add barrier to keep gcc from optimizing too much */
                barrier();
        }
        while (rb_commit_index(cpu_buffer) !=
               rb_page_write(cpu_buffer->commit_page)) {

                local_set(&cpu_buffer->commit_page->page->commit,
                          rb_page_write(cpu_buffer->commit_page));
                RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
                           local_read(&cpu_buffer->commit_page->page->commit) &
                           ~RB_WRITE_MASK);
                barrier();
        }

        /* again, keep gcc from optimizing */
        barrier();

        /*
         * If an interrupt came in just after the first while loop
         * and pushed the tail page forward, we will be left with
         * a dangling commit that will never go forward.
         */
        if (unlikely(cpu_buffer->commit_page != READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->tail_page)))
                goto again;
}

static __always_inline void rb_end_commit(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        unsigned long commits;

        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
                       !local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing)))
                return;

 again:
        commits = local_read(&cpu_buffer->commits);
        /* synchronize with interrupts */
        barrier();
        if (local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing) == 1)
                rb_set_commit_to_write(cpu_buffer);

        local_dec(&cpu_buffer->committing);

        /* synchronize with interrupts */
        barrier();

        /*
         * Need to account for interrupts coming in between the
         * updating of the commit page and the clearing of the
         * committing counter.
         */
        if (unlikely(local_read(&cpu_buffer->commits) != commits) &&
            !local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing)) {
                local_inc(&cpu_buffer->committing);
                goto again;
        }
}

static inline void rb_event_discard(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        if (event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND)
                event = skip_time_extend(event);

        /* array[0] holds the actual length for the discarded event */
        event->array[0] = rb_event_data_length(event) - RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
        event->type_len = RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING;
        /* time delta must be non zero */
        if (!event->time_delta)
                event->time_delta = 1;
}

static __always_inline bool
rb_event_is_commit(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                   struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)event;
        unsigned long index;

        index = rb_event_index(event);
        addr &= PAGE_MASK;

        return cpu_buffer->commit_page->page == (void *)addr &&
                rb_commit_index(cpu_buffer) == index;
}

static __always_inline void
rb_update_write_stamp(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                      struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        u64 delta;

        /*
         * The event first in the commit queue updates the
         * time stamp.
         */
        if (rb_event_is_commit(cpu_buffer, event)) {
                /*
                 * A commit event that is first on a page
                 * updates the write timestamp with the page stamp
                 */
                if (!rb_event_index(event))
                        cpu_buffer->write_stamp =
                                cpu_buffer->commit_page->page->time_stamp;
                else if (event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND) {
                        delta = event->array[0];
                        delta <<= TS_SHIFT;
                        delta += event->time_delta;
                        cpu_buffer->write_stamp += delta;
                } else
                        cpu_buffer->write_stamp += event->time_delta;
        }
}

static void rb_commit(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                      struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        local_inc(&cpu_buffer->entries);
        rb_update_write_stamp(cpu_buffer, event);
        rb_end_commit(cpu_buffer);
}

static __always_inline void
rb_wakeups(struct ring_buffer *buffer, struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        bool pagebusy;

        if (buffer->irq_work.waiters_pending) {
                buffer->irq_work.waiters_pending = false;
                /* irq_work_queue() supplies it's own memory barriers */
                irq_work_queue(&buffer->irq_work.work);
        }

        if (cpu_buffer->irq_work.waiters_pending) {
                cpu_buffer->irq_work.waiters_pending = false;
                /* irq_work_queue() supplies it's own memory barriers */
                irq_work_queue(&cpu_buffer->irq_work.work);
        }

        pagebusy = cpu_buffer->reader_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page;

        if (!pagebusy && cpu_buffer->irq_work.full_waiters_pending) {
                cpu_buffer->irq_work.wakeup_full = true;
                cpu_buffer->irq_work.full_waiters_pending = false;
                /* irq_work_queue() supplies it's own memory barriers */
                irq_work_queue(&cpu_buffer->irq_work.work);
        }
}

/*
 * The lock and unlock are done within a preempt disable section.
 * The current_context per_cpu variable can only be modified
 * by the current task between lock and unlock. But it can
 * be modified more than once via an interrupt. To pass this
 * information from the lock to the unlock without having to
 * access the 'in_interrupt()' functions again (which do show
 * a bit of overhead in something as critical as function tracing,
 * we use a bitmask trick.
 *
 *  bit 0 =  NMI context
 *  bit 1 =  IRQ context
 *  bit 2 =  SoftIRQ context
 *  bit 3 =  normal context.
 *
 * This works because this is the order of contexts that can
 * preempt other contexts. A SoftIRQ never preempts an IRQ
 * context.
 *
 * When the context is determined, the corresponding bit is
 * checked and set (if it was set, then a recursion of that context
 * happened).
 *
 * On unlock, we need to clear this bit. To do so, just subtract
 * 1 from the current_context and AND it to itself.
 *
 * (binary)
 *  101 - 1 = 100
 *  101 & 100 = 100 (clearing bit zero)
 *
 *  1010 - 1 = 1001
 *  1010 & 1001 = 1000 (clearing bit 1)
 *
 * The least significant bit can be cleared this way, and it
 * just so happens that it is the same bit corresponding to
 * the current context.
 */

static __always_inline int
trace_recursive_lock(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        unsigned int val = cpu_buffer->current_context;
        unsigned long pc = preempt_count();
        int bit;

        if (!(pc & (NMI_MASK | HARDIRQ_MASK | SOFTIRQ_OFFSET)))
                bit = RB_CTX_NORMAL;
        else
                bit = pc & NMI_MASK ? RB_CTX_NMI :
                        pc & HARDIRQ_MASK ? RB_CTX_IRQ : RB_CTX_SOFTIRQ;

        if (unlikely(val & (1 << bit)))
                return 1;

        val |= (1 << bit);
        cpu_buffer->current_context = val;

        return 0;
}

static __always_inline void
trace_recursive_unlock(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        cpu_buffer->current_context &= cpu_buffer->current_context - 1;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_unlock_commit - commit a reserved
 * @buffer: The buffer to commit to
 * @event: The event pointer to commit.
 *
 * This commits the data to the ring buffer, and releases any locks held.
 *
 * Must be paired with ring_buffer_lock_reserve.
 */
int ring_buffer_unlock_commit(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
                              struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        int cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

        rb_commit(cpu_buffer, event);

        rb_wakeups(buffer, cpu_buffer);

        trace_recursive_unlock(cpu_buffer);

        preempt_enable_notrace();

        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_unlock_commit);

static noinline void
rb_handle_timestamp(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                    struct rb_event_info *info)
{
        WARN_ONCE(info->delta > (1ULL << 59),
                  KERN_WARNING "Delta way too big! %llu ts=%llu write stamp = %llu\n%s",
                  (unsigned long long)info->delta,
                  (unsigned long long)info->ts,
                  (unsigned long long)cpu_buffer->write_stamp,
                  sched_clock_stable() ? "" :
                  "If you just came from a suspend/resume,\n"
                  "please switch to the trace global clock:\n"
                  "  echo global > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_clock\n");
        info->add_timestamp = 1;
}

static struct ring_buffer_event *
__rb_reserve_next(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                  struct rb_event_info *info)
{
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        struct buffer_page *tail_page;
        unsigned long tail, write;

        /*
         * If the time delta since the last event is too big to
         * hold in the time field of the event, then we append a
         * TIME EXTEND event ahead of the data event.
         */
        if (unlikely(info->add_timestamp))
                info->length += RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND;

        /* Don't let the compiler play games with cpu_buffer->tail_page */
        tail_page = info->tail_page = READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->tail_page);
        write = local_add_return(info->length, &tail_page->write);

        /* set write to only the index of the write */
        write &= RB_WRITE_MASK;
        tail = write - info->length;

        /*
         * If this is the first commit on the page, then it has the same
         * timestamp as the page itself.
         */
        if (!tail)
                info->delta = 0;

        /* See if we shot pass the end of this buffer page */
        if (unlikely(write > BUF_PAGE_SIZE))
                return rb_move_tail(cpu_buffer, tail, info);

        /* We reserved something on the buffer */

        event = __rb_page_index(tail_page, tail);
        rb_update_event(cpu_buffer, event, info);

        local_inc(&tail_page->entries);

        /*
         * If this is the first commit on the page, then update
         * its timestamp.
         */
        if (!tail)
                tail_page->page->time_stamp = info->ts;

        /* account for these added bytes */
        local_add(info->length, &cpu_buffer->entries_bytes);

        return event;
}

static __always_inline struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_reserve_next_event(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
                      struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                      unsigned long length)
{
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        struct rb_event_info info;
        int nr_loops = 0;
        u64 diff;

        rb_start_commit(cpu_buffer);

#ifdef CONFIG_RING_BUFFER_ALLOW_SWAP
        /*
         * Due to the ability to swap a cpu buffer from a buffer
         * it is possible it was swapped before we committed.
         * (committing stops a swap). We check for it here and
         * if it happened, we have to fail the write.
         */
        barrier();
        if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->buffer) != buffer)) {
                local_dec(&cpu_buffer->committing);
                local_dec(&cpu_buffer->commits);
                return NULL;
        }
#endif

        info.length = rb_calculate_event_length(length);
 again:
        info.add_timestamp = 0;
        info.delta = 0;

        /*
         * We allow for interrupts to reenter here and do a trace.
         * If one does, it will cause this original code to loop
         * back here. Even with heavy interrupts happening, this
         * should only happen a few times in a row. If this happens
         * 1000 times in a row, there must be either an interrupt
         * storm or we have something buggy.
         * Bail!
         */
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, ++nr_loops > 1000))
                goto out_fail;

        info.ts = rb_time_stamp(cpu_buffer->buffer);
        diff = info.ts - cpu_buffer->write_stamp;

        /* make sure this diff is calculated here */
        barrier();

        /* Did the write stamp get updated already? */
        if (likely(info.ts >= cpu_buffer->write_stamp)) {
                info.delta = diff;
                if (unlikely(test_time_stamp(info.delta)))
                        rb_handle_timestamp(cpu_buffer, &info);
        }

        event = __rb_reserve_next(cpu_buffer, &info);

        if (unlikely(PTR_ERR(event) == -EAGAIN)) {
                if (info.add_timestamp)
                        info.length -= RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND;
                goto again;
        }

        if (!event)
                goto out_fail;

        return event;

 out_fail:
        rb_end_commit(cpu_buffer);
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_lock_reserve - reserve a part of the buffer
 * @buffer: the ring buffer to reserve from
 * @length: the length of the data to reserve (excluding event header)
 *
 * Returns a reseverd event on the ring buffer to copy directly to.
 * The user of this interface will need to get the body to write into
 * and can use the ring_buffer_event_data() interface.
 *
 * The length is the length of the data needed, not the event length
 * which also includes the event header.
 *
 * Must be paired with ring_buffer_unlock_commit, unless NULL is returned.
 * If NULL is returned, then nothing has been allocated or locked.
 */
struct ring_buffer_event *
ring_buffer_lock_reserve(struct ring_buffer *buffer, unsigned long length)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        int cpu;

        /* If we are tracing schedule, we don't want to recurse */
        preempt_disable_notrace();

        if (unlikely(atomic_read(&buffer->record_disabled)))
                goto out;

        cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();

        if (unlikely(!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask)))
                goto out;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

        if (unlikely(atomic_read(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled)))
                goto out;

        if (unlikely(length > BUF_MAX_DATA_SIZE))
                goto out;

        if (unlikely(trace_recursive_lock(cpu_buffer)))
                goto out;

        event = rb_reserve_next_event(buffer, cpu_buffer, length);
        if (!event)
                goto out_unlock;

        return event;

 out_unlock:
        trace_recursive_unlock(cpu_buffer);
 out:
        preempt_enable_notrace();
        return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_lock_reserve);

/*
 * Decrement the entries to the page that an event is on.
 * The event does not even need to exist, only the pointer
 * to the page it is on. This may only be called before the commit
 * takes place.
 */
static inline void
rb_decrement_entry(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                   struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)event;
        struct buffer_page *bpage = cpu_buffer->commit_page;
        struct buffer_page *start;

        addr &= PAGE_MASK;

        /* Do the likely case first */
        if (likely(bpage->page == (void *)addr)) {
                local_dec(&bpage->entries);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Because the commit page may be on the reader page we
         * start with the next page and check the end loop there.
         */
        rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &bpage);
        start = bpage;
        do {
                if (bpage->page == (void *)addr) {
                        local_dec(&bpage->entries);
                        return;
                }
                rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &bpage);
        } while (bpage != start);

        /* commit not part of this buffer?? */
        RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, 1);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_commit_discard - discard an event that has not been committed
 * @buffer: the ring buffer
 * @event: non committed event to discard
 *
 * Sometimes an event that is in the ring buffer needs to be ignored.
 * This function lets the user discard an event in the ring buffer
 * and then that event will not be read later.
 *
 * This function only works if it is called before the the item has been
 * committed. It will try to free the event from the ring buffer
 * if another event has not been added behind it.
 *
 * If another event has been added behind it, it will set the event
 * up as discarded, and perform the commit.
 *
 * If this function is called, do not call ring_buffer_unlock_commit on
 * the event.
 */
void ring_buffer_discard_commit(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
                                struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        int cpu;

        /* The event is discarded regardless */
        rb_event_discard(event);

        cpu = smp_processor_id();
        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

        /*
         * This must only be called if the event has not been
         * committed yet. Thus we can assume that preemption
         * is still disabled.
         */
        RB_WARN_ON(buffer, !local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing));

        rb_decrement_entry(cpu_buffer, event);
        if (rb_try_to_discard(cpu_buffer, event))
                goto out;

        /*
         * The commit is still visible by the reader, so we
         * must still update the timestamp.
         */
        rb_update_write_stamp(cpu_buffer, event);
 out:
        rb_end_commit(cpu_buffer);

        trace_recursive_unlock(cpu_buffer);

        preempt_enable_notrace();

}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_discard_commit);

/**
 * ring_buffer_write - write data to the buffer without reserving
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to write to.
 * @length: The length of the data being written (excluding the event header)
 * @data: The data to write to the buffer.
 *
 * This is like ring_buffer_lock_reserve and ring_buffer_unlock_commit as
 * one function. If you already have the data to write to the buffer, it
 * may be easier to simply call this function.
 *
 * Note, like ring_buffer_lock_reserve, the length is the length of the data
 * and not the length of the event which would hold the header.
 */
int ring_buffer_write(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
                      unsigned long length,
                      void *data)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        void *body;
        int ret = -EBUSY;
        int cpu;

        preempt_disable_notrace();

        if (atomic_read(&buffer->record_disabled))
                goto out;

        cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                goto out;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

        if (atomic_read(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled))
                goto out;

        if (length > BUF_MAX_DATA_SIZE)
                goto out;

        if (unlikely(trace_recursive_lock(cpu_buffer)))
                goto out;

        event = rb_reserve_next_event(buffer, cpu_buffer, length);
        if (!event)
                goto out_unlock;

        body = rb_event_data(event);

        memcpy(body, data, length);

        rb_commit(cpu_buffer, event);

        rb_wakeups(buffer, cpu_buffer);

        ret = 0;

 out_unlock:
        trace_recursive_unlock(cpu_buffer);

 out:
        preempt_enable_notrace();

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_write);

static bool rb_per_cpu_empty(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        struct buffer_page *reader = cpu_buffer->reader_page;
        struct buffer_page *head = rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer);
        struct buffer_page *commit = cpu_buffer->commit_page;

        /* In case of error, head will be NULL */
        if (unlikely(!head))
                return true;

        return reader->read == rb_page_commit(reader) &&
                (commit == reader ||
                 (commit == head &&
                  head->read == rb_page_commit(commit)));
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_disable - stop all writes into the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to stop writes to.
 *
 * This prevents all writes to the buffer. Any attempt to write
 * to the buffer after this will fail and return NULL.
 *
 * The caller should call synchronize_sched() after this.
 */
void ring_buffer_record_disable(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        atomic_inc(&buffer->record_disabled);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_record_disable);

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_enable - enable writes to the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to enable writes
 *
 * Note, multiple disables will need the same number of enables
 * to truly enable the writing (much like preempt_disable).
 */
void ring_buffer_record_enable(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        atomic_dec(&buffer->record_disabled);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_record_enable);

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_off - stop all writes into the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to stop writes to.
 *
 * This prevents all writes to the buffer. Any attempt to write
 * to the buffer after this will fail and return NULL.
 *
 * This is different than ring_buffer_record_disable() as
 * it works like an on/off switch, where as the disable() version
 * must be paired with a enable().
 */
void ring_buffer_record_off(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        unsigned int rd;
        unsigned int new_rd;

        do {
                rd = atomic_read(&buffer->record_disabled);
                new_rd = rd | RB_BUFFER_OFF;
        } while (atomic_cmpxchg(&buffer->record_disabled, rd, new_rd) != rd);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_record_off);

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_on - restart writes into the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to start writes to.
 *
 * This enables all writes to the buffer that was disabled by
 * ring_buffer_record_off().
 *
 * This is different than ring_buffer_record_enable() as
 * it works like an on/off switch, where as the enable() version
 * must be paired with a disable().
 */
void ring_buffer_record_on(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        unsigned int rd;
        unsigned int new_rd;

        do {
                rd = atomic_read(&buffer->record_disabled);
                new_rd = rd & ~RB_BUFFER_OFF;
        } while (atomic_cmpxchg(&buffer->record_disabled, rd, new_rd) != rd);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_record_on);

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_is_on - return true if the ring buffer can write
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to see if write is enabled
 *
 * Returns true if the ring buffer is in a state that it accepts writes.
 */
int ring_buffer_record_is_on(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        return !atomic_read(&buffer->record_disabled);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_disable_cpu - stop all writes into the cpu_buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to stop writes to.
 * @cpu: The CPU buffer to stop
 *
 * This prevents all writes to the buffer. Any attempt to write
 * to the buffer after this will fail and return NULL.
 *
 * The caller should call synchronize_sched() after this.
 */
void ring_buffer_record_disable_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_record_disable_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_enable_cpu - enable writes to the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to enable writes
 * @cpu: The CPU to enable.
 *
 * Note, multiple disables will need the same number of enables
 * to truly enable the writing (much like preempt_disable).
 */
void ring_buffer_record_enable_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_record_enable_cpu);

/*
 * The total entries in the ring buffer is the running counter
 * of entries entered into the ring buffer, minus the sum of
 * the entries read from the ring buffer and the number of
 * entries that were overwritten.
 */
static inline unsigned long
rb_num_of_entries(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        return local_read(&cpu_buffer->entries) -
                (local_read(&cpu_buffer->overrun) + cpu_buffer->read);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_oldest_event_ts - get the oldest event timestamp from the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The per CPU buffer to read from.
 */
u64 ring_buffer_oldest_event_ts(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct buffer_page *bpage;
        u64 ret = 0;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return 0;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
        /*
         * if the tail is on reader_page, oldest time stamp is on the reader
         * page
         */
        if (cpu_buffer->tail_page == cpu_buffer->reader_page)
                bpage = cpu_buffer->reader_page;
        else
                bpage = rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer);
        if (bpage)
                ret = bpage->page->time_stamp;
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_oldest_event_ts);

/**
 * ring_buffer_bytes_cpu - get the number of bytes consumed in a cpu buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The per CPU buffer to read from.
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_bytes_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long ret;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return 0;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        ret = local_read(&cpu_buffer->entries_bytes) - cpu_buffer->read_bytes;

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_bytes_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_entries_cpu - get the number of entries in a cpu buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The per CPU buffer to get the entries from.
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_entries_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return 0;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

        return rb_num_of_entries(cpu_buffer);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_entries_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_overrun_cpu - get the number of overruns caused by the ring
 * buffer wrapping around (only if RB_FL_OVERWRITE is on).
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The per CPU buffer to get the number of overruns from
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_overrun_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long ret;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return 0;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        ret = local_read(&cpu_buffer->overrun);

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_overrun_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_commit_overrun_cpu - get the number of overruns caused by
 * commits failing due to the buffer wrapping around while there are uncommitted
 * events, such as during an interrupt storm.
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The per CPU buffer to get the number of overruns from
 */
unsigned long
ring_buffer_commit_overrun_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long ret;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return 0;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        ret = local_read(&cpu_buffer->commit_overrun);

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_commit_overrun_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_dropped_events_cpu - get the number of dropped events caused by
 * the ring buffer filling up (only if RB_FL_OVERWRITE is off).
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The per CPU buffer to get the number of overruns from
 */
unsigned long
ring_buffer_dropped_events_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long ret;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return 0;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        ret = local_read(&cpu_buffer->dropped_events);

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_dropped_events_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read_events_cpu - get the number of events successfully read
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The per CPU buffer to get the number of events read
 */
unsigned long
ring_buffer_read_events_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return 0;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        return cpu_buffer->read;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_events_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_entries - get the number of entries in a buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 *
 * Returns the total number of entries in the ring buffer
 * (all CPU entries)
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_entries(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long entries = 0;
        int cpu;

        /* if you care about this being correct, lock the buffer */
        for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
                cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
                entries += rb_num_of_entries(cpu_buffer);
        }

        return entries;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_entries);

/**
 * ring_buffer_overruns - get the number of overruns in buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 *
 * Returns the total number of overruns in the ring buffer
 * (all CPU entries)
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_overruns(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long overruns = 0;
        int cpu;

        /* if you care about this being correct, lock the buffer */
        for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
                cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
                overruns += local_read(&cpu_buffer->overrun);
        }

        return overruns;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_overruns);

static void rb_iter_reset(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

        /* Iterator usage is expected to have record disabled */
        iter->head_page = cpu_buffer->reader_page;
        iter->head = cpu_buffer->reader_page->read;

        iter->cache_reader_page = iter->head_page;
        iter->cache_read = cpu_buffer->read;

        if (iter->head)
                iter->read_stamp = cpu_buffer->read_stamp;
        else
                iter->read_stamp = iter->head_page->page->time_stamp;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_iter_reset - reset an iterator
 * @iter: The iterator to reset
 *
 * Resets the iterator, so that it will start from the beginning
 * again.
 */
void ring_buffer_iter_reset(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long flags;

        if (!iter)
                return;

        cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
        rb_iter_reset(iter);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_iter_reset);

/**
 * ring_buffer_iter_empty - check if an iterator has no more to read
 * @iter: The iterator to check
 */
int ring_buffer_iter_empty(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct buffer_page *reader;
        struct buffer_page *head_page;
        struct buffer_page *commit_page;
        unsigned commit;

        cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

        /* Remember, trace recording is off when iterator is in use */
        reader = cpu_buffer->reader_page;
        head_page = cpu_buffer->head_page;
        commit_page = cpu_buffer->commit_page;
        commit = rb_page_commit(commit_page);

        return ((iter->head_page == commit_page && iter->head == commit) ||
                (iter->head_page == reader && commit_page == head_page &&
                 head_page->read == commit &&
                 iter->head == rb_page_commit(cpu_buffer->reader_page)));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_iter_empty);

static void
rb_update_read_stamp(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
                     struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        u64 delta;

        switch (event->type_len) {
        case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
                return;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
                delta = event->array[0];
                delta <<= TS_SHIFT;
                delta += event->time_delta;
                cpu_buffer->read_stamp += delta;
                return;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
                /* FIXME: not implemented */
                return;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:
                cpu_buffer->read_stamp += event->time_delta;
                return;

        default:
                BUG();
        }
        return;
}

static void
rb_update_iter_read_stamp(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter,
                          struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
        u64 delta;

        switch (event->type_len) {
        case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
                return;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
                delta = event->array[0];
                delta <<= TS_SHIFT;
                delta += event->time_delta;
                iter->read_stamp += delta;
                return;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
                /* FIXME: not implemented */
                return;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:
                iter->read_stamp += event->time_delta;
                return;

        default:
                BUG();
        }
        return;
}

static struct buffer_page *
rb_get_reader_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        struct buffer_page *reader = NULL;
        unsigned long overwrite;
        unsigned long flags;
        int nr_loops = 0;
        int ret;

        local_irq_save(flags);
        arch_spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->lock);

 again:
        /*
         * This should normally only loop twice. But because the
         * start of the reader inserts an empty page, it causes
         * a case where we will loop three times. There should be no
         * reason to loop four times (that I know of).
         */
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, ++nr_loops > 3)) {
                reader = NULL;
                goto out;
        }

        reader = cpu_buffer->reader_page;

        /* If there's more to read, return this page */
        if (cpu_buffer->reader_page->read < rb_page_size(reader))
                goto out;

        /* Never should we have an index greater than the size */
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
                       cpu_buffer->reader_page->read > rb_page_size(reader)))
                goto out;

        /* check if we caught up to the tail */
        reader = NULL;
        if (cpu_buffer->commit_page == cpu_buffer->reader_page)
                goto out;

        /* Don't bother swapping if the ring buffer is empty */
        if (rb_num_of_entries(cpu_buffer) == 0)
                goto out;

        /*
         * Reset the reader page to size zero.
         */
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->write, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->entries, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->page->commit, 0);
        cpu_buffer->reader_page->real_end = 0;

 spin:
        /*
         * Splice the empty reader page into the list around the head.
         */
        reader = rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer);
        if (!reader)
                goto out;
        cpu_buffer->reader_page->list.next = rb_list_head(reader->list.next);
        cpu_buffer->reader_page->list.prev = reader->list.prev;

        /*
         * cpu_buffer->pages just needs to point to the buffer, it
         *  has no specific buffer page to point to. Lets move it out
         *  of our way so we don't accidentally swap it.
         */
        cpu_buffer->pages = reader->list.prev;

        /* The reader page will be pointing to the new head */
        rb_set_list_to_head(cpu_buffer, &cpu_buffer->reader_page->list);

        /*
         * We want to make sure we read the overruns after we set up our
         * pointers to the next object. The writer side does a
         * cmpxchg to cross pages which acts as the mb on the writer
         * side. Note, the reader will constantly fail the swap
         * while the writer is updating the pointers, so this
         * guarantees that the overwrite recorded here is the one we
         * want to compare with the last_overrun.
         */
        smp_mb();
        overwrite = local_read(&(cpu_buffer->overrun));

        /*
         * Here's the tricky part.
         *
         * We need to move the pointer past the header page.
         * But we can only do that if a writer is not currently
         * moving it. The page before the header page has the
         * flag bit '1' set if it is pointing to the page we want.
         * but if the writer is in the process of moving it
         * than it will be '2' or already moved '0'.
         */

        ret = rb_head_page_replace(reader, cpu_buffer->reader_page);

        /*
         * If we did not convert it, then we must try again.
         */
        if (!ret)
                goto spin;

        /*
         * Yeah! We succeeded in replacing the page.
         *
         * Now make the new head point back to the reader page.
         */
        rb_list_head(reader->list.next)->prev = &cpu_buffer->reader_page->list;
        rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &cpu_buffer->head_page);

        /* Finally update the reader page to the new head */
        cpu_buffer->reader_page = reader;
        cpu_buffer->reader_page->read = 0;

        if (overwrite != cpu_buffer->last_overrun) {
                cpu_buffer->lost_events = overwrite - cpu_buffer->last_overrun;
                cpu_buffer->last_overrun = overwrite;
        }

        goto again;

 out:
        /* Update the read_stamp on the first event */
        if (reader && reader->read == 0)
                cpu_buffer->read_stamp = reader->page->time_stamp;

        arch_spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->lock);
        local_irq_restore(flags);

        return reader;
}

static void rb_advance_reader(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        struct buffer_page *reader;
        unsigned length;

        reader = rb_get_reader_page(cpu_buffer);

        /* This function should not be called when buffer is empty */
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !reader))
                return;

        event = rb_reader_event(cpu_buffer);

        if (event->type_len <= RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX)
                cpu_buffer->read++;

        rb_update_read_stamp(cpu_buffer, event);

        length = rb_event_length(event);
        cpu_buffer->reader_page->read += length;
}

static void rb_advance_iter(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        unsigned length;

        cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

        /*
         * Check if we are at the end of the buffer.
         */
        if (iter->head >= rb_page_size(iter->head_page)) {
                /* discarded commits can make the page empty */
                if (iter->head_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page)
                        return;
                rb_inc_iter(iter);
                return;
        }

        event = rb_iter_head_event(iter);

        length = rb_event_length(event);

        /*
         * This should not be called to advance the header if we are
         * at the tail of the buffer.
         */
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
                       (iter->head_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page) &&
                       (iter->head + length > rb_commit_index(cpu_buffer))))
                return;

        rb_update_iter_read_stamp(iter, event);

        iter->head += length;

        /* check for end of page padding */
        if ((iter->head >= rb_page_size(iter->head_page)) &&
            (iter->head_page != cpu_buffer->commit_page))
                rb_inc_iter(iter);
}

static int rb_lost_events(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        return cpu_buffer->lost_events;
}

static struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_buffer_peek(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer, u64 *ts,
               unsigned long *lost_events)
{
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        struct buffer_page *reader;
        int nr_loops = 0;

 again:
        /*
         * We repeat when a time extend is encountered.
         * Since the time extend is always attached to a data event,
         * we should never loop more than once.
         * (We never hit the following condition more than twice).
         */
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, ++nr_loops > 2))
                return NULL;

        reader = rb_get_reader_page(cpu_buffer);
        if (!reader)
                return NULL;

        event = rb_reader_event(cpu_buffer);

        switch (event->type_len) {
        case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
                if (rb_null_event(event))
                        RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, 1);
                /*
                 * Because the writer could be discarding every
                 * event it creates (which would probably be bad)
                 * if we were to go back to "again" then we may never
                 * catch up, and will trigger the warn on, or lock
                 * the box. Return the padding, and we will release
                 * the current locks, and try again.
                 */
                return event;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
                /* Internal data, OK to advance */
                rb_advance_reader(cpu_buffer);
                goto again;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
                /* FIXME: not implemented */
                rb_advance_reader(cpu_buffer);
                goto again;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:
                if (ts) {
                        *ts = cpu_buffer->read_stamp + event->time_delta;
                        ring_buffer_normalize_time_stamp(cpu_buffer->buffer,
                                                         cpu_buffer->cpu, ts);
                }
                if (lost_events)
                        *lost_events = rb_lost_events(cpu_buffer);
                return event;

        default:
                BUG();
        }

        return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_peek);

static struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_iter_peek(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter, u64 *ts)
{
        struct ring_buffer *buffer;
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        int nr_loops = 0;

        cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;
        buffer = cpu_buffer->buffer;

        /*
         * Check if someone performed a consuming read to
         * the buffer. A consuming read invalidates the iterator
         * and we need to reset the iterator in this case.
         */
        if (unlikely(iter->cache_read != cpu_buffer->read ||
                     iter->cache_reader_page != cpu_buffer->reader_page))
                rb_iter_reset(iter);

 again:
        if (ring_buffer_iter_empty(iter))
                return NULL;

        /*
         * We repeat when a time extend is encountered or we hit
         * the end of the page. Since the time extend is always attached
         * to a data event, we should never loop more than three times.
         * Once for going to next page, once on time extend, and
         * finally once to get the event.
         * (We never hit the following condition more than thrice).
         */
        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, ++nr_loops > 3))
                return NULL;

        if (rb_per_cpu_empty(cpu_buffer))
                return NULL;

        if (iter->head >= rb_page_size(iter->head_page)) {
                rb_inc_iter(iter);
                goto again;
        }

        event = rb_iter_head_event(iter);

        switch (event->type_len) {
        case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
                if (rb_null_event(event)) {
                        rb_inc_iter(iter);
                        goto again;
                }
                rb_advance_iter(iter);
                return event;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
                /* Internal data, OK to advance */
                rb_advance_iter(iter);
                goto again;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
                /* FIXME: not implemented */
                rb_advance_iter(iter);
                goto again;

        case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:
                if (ts) {
                        *ts = iter->read_stamp + event->time_delta;
                        ring_buffer_normalize_time_stamp(buffer,
                                                         cpu_buffer->cpu, ts);
                }
                return event;

        default:
                BUG();
        }

        return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_iter_peek);

static inline bool rb_reader_lock(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        if (likely(!in_nmi())) {
                raw_spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
                return true;
        }

        /*
         * If an NMI die dumps out the content of the ring buffer
         * trylock must be used to prevent a deadlock if the NMI
         * preempted a task that holds the ring buffer locks. If
         * we get the lock then all is fine, if not, then continue
         * to do the read, but this can corrupt the ring buffer,
         * so it must be permanently disabled from future writes.
         * Reading from NMI is a oneshot deal.
         */
        if (raw_spin_trylock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock))
                return true;

        /* Continue without locking, but disable the ring buffer */
        atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
        return false;
}

static inline void
rb_reader_unlock(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer, bool locked)
{
        if (likely(locked))
                raw_spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
        return;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_peek - peek at the next event to be read
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to read
 * @cpu: The cpu to peak at
 * @ts: The timestamp counter of this event.
 * @lost_events: a variable to store if events were lost (may be NULL)
 *
 * This will return the event that will be read next, but does
 * not consume the data.
 */
struct ring_buffer_event *
ring_buffer_peek(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu, u64 *ts,
                 unsigned long *lost_events)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        unsigned long flags;
        bool dolock;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return NULL;

 again:
        local_irq_save(flags);
        dolock = rb_reader_lock(cpu_buffer);
        event = rb_buffer_peek(cpu_buffer, ts, lost_events);
        if (event && event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING)
                rb_advance_reader(cpu_buffer);
        rb_reader_unlock(cpu_buffer, dolock);
        local_irq_restore(flags);

        if (event && event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING)
                goto again;

        return event;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_iter_peek - peek at the next event to be read
 * @iter: The ring buffer iterator
 * @ts: The timestamp counter of this event.
 *
 * This will return the event that will be read next, but does
 * not increment the iterator.
 */
struct ring_buffer_event *
ring_buffer_iter_peek(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter, u64 *ts)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        unsigned long flags;

 again:
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
        event = rb_iter_peek(iter, ts);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

        if (event && event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING)
                goto again;

        return event;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_consume - return an event and consume it
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to get the next event from
 * @cpu: the cpu to read the buffer from
 * @ts: a variable to store the timestamp (may be NULL)
 * @lost_events: a variable to store if events were lost (may be NULL)
 *
 * Returns the next event in the ring buffer, and that event is consumed.
 * Meaning, that sequential reads will keep returning a different event,
 * and eventually empty the ring buffer if the producer is slower.
 */
struct ring_buffer_event *
ring_buffer_consume(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu, u64 *ts,
                    unsigned long *lost_events)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct ring_buffer_event *event = NULL;
        unsigned long flags;
        bool dolock;

 again:
        /* might be called in atomic */
        preempt_disable();

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                goto out;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        local_irq_save(flags);
        dolock = rb_reader_lock(cpu_buffer);

        event = rb_buffer_peek(cpu_buffer, ts, lost_events);
        if (event) {
                cpu_buffer->lost_events = 0;
                rb_advance_reader(cpu_buffer);
        }

        rb_reader_unlock(cpu_buffer, dolock);
        local_irq_restore(flags);

 out:
        preempt_enable();

        if (event && event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING)
                goto again;

        return event;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_consume);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read_prepare - Prepare for a non consuming read of the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to read from
 * @cpu: The cpu buffer to iterate over
 *
 * This performs the initial preparations necessary to iterate
 * through the buffer.  Memory is allocated, buffer recording
 * is disabled, and the iterator pointer is returned to the caller.
 *
 * Disabling buffer recordng prevents the reading from being
 * corrupted. This is not a consuming read, so a producer is not
 * expected.
 *
 * After a sequence of ring_buffer_read_prepare calls, the user is
 * expected to make at least one call to ring_buffer_read_prepare_sync.
 * Afterwards, ring_buffer_read_start is invoked to get things going
 * for real.
 *
 * This overall must be paired with ring_buffer_read_finish.
 */
struct ring_buffer_iter *
ring_buffer_read_prepare(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct ring_buffer_iter *iter;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return NULL;

        iter = kmalloc(sizeof(*iter), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!iter)
                return NULL;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

        iter->cpu_buffer = cpu_buffer;

        atomic_inc(&buffer->resize_disabled);
        atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);

        return iter;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_prepare);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read_prepare_sync - Synchronize a set of prepare calls
 *
 * All previously invoked ring_buffer_read_prepare calls to prepare
 * iterators will be synchronized.  Afterwards, read_buffer_read_start
 * calls on those iterators are allowed.
 */
void
ring_buffer_read_prepare_sync(void)
{
        synchronize_sched();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_prepare_sync);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read_start - start a non consuming read of the buffer
 * @iter: The iterator returned by ring_buffer_read_prepare
 *
 * This finalizes the startup of an iteration through the buffer.
 * The iterator comes from a call to ring_buffer_read_prepare and
 * an intervening ring_buffer_read_prepare_sync must have been
 * performed.
 *
 * Must be paired with ring_buffer_read_finish.
 */
void
ring_buffer_read_start(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long flags;

        if (!iter)
                return;

        cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
        arch_spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->lock);
        rb_iter_reset(iter);
        arch_spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->lock);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_start);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read_finish - finish reading the iterator of the buffer
 * @iter: The iterator retrieved by ring_buffer_start
 *
 * This re-enables the recording to the buffer, and frees the
 * iterator.
 */
void
ring_buffer_read_finish(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long flags;

        /*
         * Ring buffer is disabled from recording, here's a good place
         * to check the integrity of the ring buffer.
         * Must prevent readers from trying to read, as the check
         * clears the HEAD page and readers require it.
         */
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
        rb_check_pages(cpu_buffer);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

        atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
        atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer->buffer->resize_disabled);
        kfree(iter);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_finish);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read - read the next item in the ring buffer by the iterator
 * @iter: The ring buffer iterator
 * @ts: The time stamp of the event read.
 *
 * This reads the next event in the ring buffer and increments the iterator.
 */
struct ring_buffer_event *
ring_buffer_read(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter, u64 *ts)
{
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long flags;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
 again:
        event = rb_iter_peek(iter, ts);
        if (!event)
                goto out;

        if (event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING)
                goto again;

        rb_advance_iter(iter);
 out:
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

        return event;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read);

/**
 * ring_buffer_size - return the size of the ring buffer (in bytes)
 * @buffer: The ring buffer.
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_size(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        /*
         * Earlier, this method returned
         *      BUF_PAGE_SIZE * buffer->nr_pages
         * Since the nr_pages field is now removed, we have converted this to
         * return the per cpu buffer value.
         */
        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return 0;

        return BUF_PAGE_SIZE * buffer->buffers[cpu]->nr_pages;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_size);

static void
rb_reset_cpu(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
        rb_head_page_deactivate(cpu_buffer);

        cpu_buffer->head_page
                = list_entry(cpu_buffer->pages, struct buffer_page, list);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->head_page->write, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->head_page->entries, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->head_page->page->commit, 0);

        cpu_buffer->head_page->read = 0;

        cpu_buffer->tail_page = cpu_buffer->head_page;
        cpu_buffer->commit_page = cpu_buffer->head_page;

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cpu_buffer->new_pages);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->write, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->entries, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->page->commit, 0);
        cpu_buffer->reader_page->read = 0;

        local_set(&cpu_buffer->entries_bytes, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->overrun, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->commit_overrun, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->dropped_events, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->entries, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->committing, 0);
        local_set(&cpu_buffer->commits, 0);
        cpu_buffer->read = 0;
        cpu_buffer->read_bytes = 0;

        cpu_buffer->write_stamp = 0;
        cpu_buffer->read_stamp = 0;

        cpu_buffer->lost_events = 0;
        cpu_buffer->last_overrun = 0;

        rb_head_page_activate(cpu_buffer);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_reset_cpu - reset a ring buffer per CPU buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to reset a per cpu buffer of
 * @cpu: The CPU buffer to be reset
 */
void ring_buffer_reset_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        unsigned long flags;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return;

        atomic_inc(&buffer->resize_disabled);
        atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);

        /* Make sure all commits have finished */
        synchronize_sched();

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

        if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing)))
                goto out;

        arch_spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->lock);

        rb_reset_cpu(cpu_buffer);

        arch_spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->lock);

 out:
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

        atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
        atomic_dec(&buffer->resize_disabled);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_reset_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_reset - reset a ring buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to reset all cpu buffers
 */
void ring_buffer_reset(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        int cpu;

        for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu)
                ring_buffer_reset_cpu(buffer, cpu);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_reset);

/**
 * rind_buffer_empty - is the ring buffer empty?
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to test
 */
bool ring_buffer_empty(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long flags;
        bool dolock;
        int cpu;
        int ret;

        /* yes this is racy, but if you don't like the race, lock the buffer */
        for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
                cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
                local_irq_save(flags);
                dolock = rb_reader_lock(cpu_buffer);
                ret = rb_per_cpu_empty(cpu_buffer);
                rb_reader_unlock(cpu_buffer, dolock);
                local_irq_restore(flags);

                if (!ret)
                        return false;
        }

        return true;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_empty);

/**
 * ring_buffer_empty_cpu - is a cpu buffer of a ring buffer empty?
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The CPU buffer to test
 */
bool ring_buffer_empty_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        unsigned long flags;
        bool dolock;
        int ret;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return true;

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        local_irq_save(flags);
        dolock = rb_reader_lock(cpu_buffer);
        ret = rb_per_cpu_empty(cpu_buffer);
        rb_reader_unlock(cpu_buffer, dolock);
        local_irq_restore(flags);

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_empty_cpu);

#ifdef CONFIG_RING_BUFFER_ALLOW_SWAP
/**
 * ring_buffer_swap_cpu - swap a CPU buffer between two ring buffers
 * @buffer_a: One buffer to swap with
 * @buffer_b: The other buffer to swap with
 *
 * This function is useful for tracers that want to take a "snapshot"
 * of a CPU buffer and has another back up buffer lying around.
 * it is expected that the tracer handles the cpu buffer not being
 * used at the moment.
 */
int ring_buffer_swap_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer_a,
                         struct ring_buffer *buffer_b, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer_a;
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer_b;
        int ret = -EINVAL;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer_a->cpumask) ||
            !cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer_b->cpumask))
                goto out;

        cpu_buffer_a = buffer_a->buffers[cpu];
        cpu_buffer_b = buffer_b->buffers[cpu];

        /* At least make sure the two buffers are somewhat the same */
        if (cpu_buffer_a->nr_pages != cpu_buffer_b->nr_pages)
                goto out;

        ret = -EAGAIN;

        if (atomic_read(&buffer_a->record_disabled))
                goto out;

        if (atomic_read(&buffer_b->record_disabled))
                goto out;

        if (atomic_read(&cpu_buffer_a->record_disabled))
                goto out;

        if (atomic_read(&cpu_buffer_b->record_disabled))
                goto out;

        /*
         * We can't do a synchronize_sched here because this
         * function can be called in atomic context.
         * Normally this will be called from the same CPU as cpu.
         * If not it's up to the caller to protect this.
         */
        atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer_a->record_disabled);
        atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer_b->record_disabled);

        ret = -EBUSY;
        if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_a->committing))
                goto out_dec;
        if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_b->committing))
                goto out_dec;

        buffer_a->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_b;
        buffer_b->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_a;

        cpu_buffer_b->buffer = buffer_a;
        cpu_buffer_a->buffer = buffer_b;

        ret = 0;

out_dec:
        atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer_a->record_disabled);
        atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer_b->record_disabled);
out:
        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_swap_cpu);
#endif /* CONFIG_RING_BUFFER_ALLOW_SWAP */

/**
 * ring_buffer_alloc_read_page - allocate a page to read from buffer
 * @buffer: the buffer to allocate for.
 * @cpu: the cpu buffer to allocate.
 *
 * This function is used in conjunction with ring_buffer_read_page.
 * When reading a full page from the ring buffer, these functions
 * can be used to speed up the process. The calling function should
 * allocate a few pages first with this function. Then when it
 * needs to get pages from the ring buffer, it passes the result
 * of this function into ring_buffer_read_page, which will swap
 * the page that was allocated, with the read page of the buffer.
 *
 * Returns:
 *  The page allocated, or ERR_PTR
 */
void *ring_buffer_alloc_read_page(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
        struct buffer_data_page *bpage = NULL;
        unsigned long flags;
        struct page *page;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);

        cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        local_irq_save(flags);
        arch_spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->lock);

        if (cpu_buffer->free_page) {
                bpage = cpu_buffer->free_page;
                cpu_buffer->free_page = NULL;
        }

        arch_spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->lock);
        local_irq_restore(flags);

        if (bpage)
                goto out;

        page = alloc_pages_node(cpu_to_node(cpu),
                                GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NORETRY, 0);
        if (!page)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        bpage = page_address(page);

 out:
        rb_init_page(bpage);

        return bpage;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_alloc_read_page);

/**
 * ring_buffer_free_read_page - free an allocated read page
 * @buffer: the buffer the page was allocate for
 * @cpu: the cpu buffer the page came from
 * @data: the page to free
 *
 * Free a page allocated from ring_buffer_alloc_read_page.
 */
void ring_buffer_free_read_page(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu, void *data)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        struct buffer_data_page *bpage = data;
        struct page *page = virt_to_page(bpage);
        unsigned long flags;

        /* If the page is still in use someplace else, we can't reuse it */
        if (page_ref_count(page) > 1)
                goto out;

        local_irq_save(flags);
        arch_spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->lock);

        if (!cpu_buffer->free_page) {
                cpu_buffer->free_page = bpage;
                bpage = NULL;
        }

        arch_spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->lock);
        local_irq_restore(flags);

 out:
        free_page((unsigned long)bpage);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_free_read_page);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read_page - extract a page from the ring buffer
 * @buffer: buffer to extract from
 * @data_page: the page to use allocated from ring_buffer_alloc_read_page
 * @len: amount to extract
 * @cpu: the cpu of the buffer to extract
 * @full: should the extraction only happen when the page is full.
 *
 * This function will pull out a page from the ring buffer and consume it.
 * @data_page must be the address of the variable that was returned
 * from ring_buffer_alloc_read_page. This is because the page might be used
 * to swap with a page in the ring buffer.
 *
 * for example:
 *      rpage = ring_buffer_alloc_read_page(buffer, cpu);
 *      if (IS_ERR(rpage))
 *              return PTR_ERR(rpage);
 *      ret = ring_buffer_read_page(buffer, &rpage, len, cpu, 0);
 *      if (ret >= 0)
 *              process_page(rpage, ret);
 *
 * When @full is set, the function will not return true unless
 * the writer is off the reader page.
 *
 * Note: it is up to the calling functions to handle sleeps and wakeups.
 *  The ring buffer can be used anywhere in the kernel and can not
 *  blindly call wake_up. The layer that uses the ring buffer must be
 *  responsible for that.
 *
 * Returns:
 *  >=0 if data has been transferred, returns the offset of consumed data.
 *  <0 if no data has been transferred.
 */
int ring_buffer_read_page(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
                          void **data_page, size_t len, int cpu, int full)
{
        struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        struct buffer_data_page *bpage;
        struct buffer_page *reader;
        unsigned long missed_events;
        unsigned long flags;
        unsigned int commit;
        unsigned int read;
        u64 save_timestamp;
        int ret = -1;

        if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                goto out;

        /*
         * If len is not big enough to hold the page header, then
         * we can not copy anything.
         */
        if (len <= BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE)
                goto out;

        len -= BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE;

        if (!data_page)
                goto out;

        bpage = *data_page;
        if (!bpage)
                goto out;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

        reader = rb_get_reader_page(cpu_buffer);
        if (!reader)
                goto out_unlock;

        event = rb_reader_event(cpu_buffer);

        read = reader->read;
        commit = rb_page_commit(reader);

        /* Check if any events were dropped */
        missed_events = cpu_buffer->lost_events;

        /*
         * If this page has been partially read or
         * if len is not big enough to read the rest of the page or
         * a writer is still on the page, then
         * we must copy the data from the page to the buffer.
         * Otherwise, we can simply swap the page with the one passed in.
         */
        if (read || (len < (commit - read)) ||
            cpu_buffer->reader_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page) {
                struct buffer_data_page *rpage = cpu_buffer->reader_page->page;
                unsigned int rpos = read;
                unsigned int pos = 0;
                unsigned int size;

                if (full)
                        goto out_unlock;

                if (len > (commit - read))
                        len = (commit - read);

                /* Always keep the time extend and data together */
                size = rb_event_ts_length(event);

                if (len < size)
                        goto out_unlock;

                /* save the current timestamp, since the user will need it */
                save_timestamp = cpu_buffer->read_stamp;

                /* Need to copy one event at a time */
                do {
                        /* We need the size of one event, because
                         * rb_advance_reader only advances by one event,
                         * whereas rb_event_ts_length may include the size of
                         * one or two events.
                         * We have already ensured there's enough space if this
                         * is a time extend. */
                        size = rb_event_length(event);
                        memcpy(bpage->data + pos, rpage->data + rpos, size);

                        len -= size;

                        rb_advance_reader(cpu_buffer);
                        rpos = reader->read;
                        pos += size;

                        if (rpos >= commit)
                                break;

                        event = rb_reader_event(cpu_buffer);
                        /* Always keep the time extend and data together */
                        size = rb_event_ts_length(event);
                } while (len >= size);

                /* update bpage */
                local_set(&bpage->commit, pos);
                bpage->time_stamp = save_timestamp;

                /* we copied everything to the beginning */
                read = 0;
        } else {
                /* update the entry counter */
                cpu_buffer->read += rb_page_entries(reader);
                cpu_buffer->read_bytes += BUF_PAGE_SIZE;

                /* swap the pages */
                rb_init_page(bpage);
                bpage = reader->page;
                reader->page = *data_page;
                local_set(&reader->write, 0);
                local_set(&reader->entries, 0);
                reader->read = 0;
                *data_page = bpage;

                /*
                 * Use the real_end for the data size,
                 * This gives us a chance to store the lost events
                 * on the page.
                 */
                if (reader->real_end)
                        local_set(&bpage->commit, reader->real_end);
        }
        ret = read;

        cpu_buffer->lost_events = 0;

        commit = local_read(&bpage->commit);
        /*
         * Set a flag in the commit field if we lost events
         */
        if (missed_events) {
                /* If there is room at the end of the page to save the
                 * missed events, then record it there.
                 */
                if (BUF_PAGE_SIZE - commit >= sizeof(missed_events)) {
                        memcpy(&bpage->data[commit], &missed_events,
                               sizeof(missed_events));
                        local_add(RB_MISSED_STORED, &bpage->commit);
                        commit += sizeof(missed_events);
                }
                local_add(RB_MISSED_EVENTS, &bpage->commit);
        }

        /*
         * This page may be off to user land. Zero it out here.
         */
        if (commit < BUF_PAGE_SIZE)
                memset(&bpage->data[commit], 0, BUF_PAGE_SIZE - commit);

 out_unlock:
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

 out:
        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_page);

/*
 * We only allocate new buffers, never free them if the CPU goes down.
 * If we were to free the buffer, then the user would lose any trace that was in
 * the buffer.
 */
int trace_rb_cpu_prepare(unsigned int cpu, struct hlist_node *node)
{
        struct ring_buffer *buffer;
        long nr_pages_same;
        int cpu_i;
        unsigned long nr_pages;

        buffer = container_of(node, struct ring_buffer, node);
        if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
                return 0;

        nr_pages = 0;
        nr_pages_same = 1;
        /* check if all cpu sizes are same */
        for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu_i) {
                /* fill in the size from first enabled cpu */
                if (nr_pages == 0)
                        nr_pages = buffer->buffers[cpu_i]->nr_pages;
                if (nr_pages != buffer->buffers[cpu_i]->nr_pages) {
                        nr_pages_same = 0;
                        break;
                }
        }
        /* allocate minimum pages, user can later expand it */
        if (!nr_pages_same)
                nr_pages = 2;
        buffer->buffers[cpu] =
                rb_allocate_cpu_buffer(buffer, nr_pages, cpu);
        if (!buffer->buffers[cpu]) {
                WARN(1, "failed to allocate ring buffer on CPU %u\n",
                     cpu);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        smp_wmb();
        cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask);
        return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_RING_BUFFER_STARTUP_TEST
/*
 * This is a basic integrity check of the ring buffer.
 * Late in the boot cycle this test will run when configured in.
 * It will kick off a thread per CPU that will go into a loop
 * writing to the per cpu ring buffer various sizes of data.
 * Some of the data will be large items, some small.
 *
 * Another thread is created that goes into a spin, sending out
 * IPIs to the other CPUs to also write into the ring buffer.
 * this is to test the nesting ability of the buffer.
 *
 * Basic stats are recorded and reported. If something in the
 * ring buffer should happen that's not expected, a big warning
 * is displayed and all ring buffers are disabled.
 */
static struct task_struct *rb_threads[NR_CPUS] __initdata;

struct rb_test_data {
        struct ring_buffer      *buffer;
        unsigned long           events;
        unsigned long           bytes_written;
        unsigned long           bytes_alloc;
        unsigned long           bytes_dropped;
        unsigned long           events_nested;
        unsigned long           bytes_written_nested;
        unsigned long           bytes_alloc_nested;
        unsigned long           bytes_dropped_nested;
        int                     min_size_nested;
        int                     max_size_nested;
        int                     max_size;
        int                     min_size;
        int                     cpu;
        int                     cnt;
};

static struct rb_test_data rb_data[NR_CPUS] __initdata;

/* 1 meg per cpu */
#define RB_TEST_BUFFER_SIZE     1048576

static char rb_string[] __initdata =
        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890!@#$%^&*()?+\\"
        "?+|:';\",.<>/?abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890"
        "!@#$%^&*()?+\\?+|:';\",.<>/?abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv";

static bool rb_test_started __initdata;

struct rb_item {
        int size;
        char str[];
};

static __init int rb_write_something(struct rb_test_data *data, bool nested)
{
        struct ring_buffer_event *event;
        struct rb_item *item;
        bool started;
        int event_len;
        int size;
        int len;
        int cnt;

        /* Have nested writes different that what is written */
        cnt = data->cnt + (nested ? 27 : 0);

        /* Multiply cnt by ~e, to make some unique increment */
        size = (data->cnt * 68 / 25) % (sizeof(rb_string) - 1);

        len = size + sizeof(struct rb_item);

        started = rb_test_started;
        /* read rb_test_started before checking buffer enabled */
        smp_rmb();

        event = ring_buffer_lock_reserve(data->buffer, len);
        if (!event) {
                /* Ignore dropped events before test starts. */
                if (started) {
                        if (nested)
                                data->bytes_dropped += len;
                        else
                                data->bytes_dropped_nested += len;
                }
                return len;
        }

        event_len = ring_buffer_event_length(event);

        if (RB_WARN_ON(data->buffer, event_len < len))
                goto out;

        item = ring_buffer_event_data(event);
        item->size = size;
        memcpy(item->str, rb_string, size);

        if (nested) {
                data->bytes_alloc_nested += event_len;
                data->bytes_written_nested += len;
                data->events_nested++;
                if (!data->min_size_nested || len < data->min_size_nested)
                        data->min_size_nested = len;
                if (len > data->max_size_nested)
                        data->max_size_nested = len;
        } else {
                data->bytes_alloc += event_len;
                data->bytes_written += len;
                data->events++;
                if (!data->min_size || len < data->min_size)
                        data->max_size = len;
                if (len > data->max_size)
                        data->max_size = len;
        }

 out:
        ring_buffer_unlock_commit(data->buffer, event);

        return 0;
}

static __init int rb_test(void *arg)
{
        struct rb_test_data *data = arg;

        while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
                rb_write_something(data, false);
                data->cnt++;

                set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                /* Now sleep between a min of 100-300us and a max of 1ms */
                usleep_range(((data->cnt % 3) + 1) * 100, 1000);
        }

        return 0;
}

static __init void rb_ipi(void *ignore)
{
        struct rb_test_data *data;
        int cpu = smp_processor_id();

        data = &rb_data[cpu];
        rb_write_something(data, true);
}

static __init int rb_hammer_test(void *arg)
{
        while (!kthread_should_stop()) {

                /* Send an IPI to all cpus to write data! */
                smp_call_function(rb_ipi, NULL, 1);
                /* No sleep, but for non preempt, let others run */
                schedule();
        }

        return 0;
}

static __init int test_ringbuffer(void)
{
        struct task_struct *rb_hammer;
        struct ring_buffer *buffer;
        int cpu;
        int ret = 0;

        pr_info("Running ring buffer tests...\n");

        buffer = ring_buffer_alloc(RB_TEST_BUFFER_SIZE, RB_FL_OVERWRITE);
        if (WARN_ON(!buffer))
                return 0;

        /* Disable buffer so that threads can't write to it yet */
        ring_buffer_record_off(buffer);

        for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
                rb_data[cpu].buffer = buffer;
                rb_data[cpu].cpu = cpu;
                rb_data[cpu].cnt = cpu;
                rb_threads[cpu] = kthread_create(rb_test, &rb_data[cpu],
                                                 "rbtester/%d", cpu);
                if (WARN_ON(IS_ERR(rb_threads[cpu]))) {
                        pr_cont("FAILED\n");
                        ret = PTR_ERR(rb_threads[cpu]);
                        goto out_free;
                }

                kthread_bind(rb_threads[cpu], cpu);
                wake_up_process(rb_threads[cpu]);
        }

        /* Now create the rb hammer! */
        rb_hammer = kthread_run(rb_hammer_test, NULL, "rbhammer");
        if (WARN_ON(IS_ERR(rb_hammer))) {
                pr_cont("FAILED\n");
                ret = PTR_ERR(rb_hammer);
                goto out_free;
        }

        ring_buffer_record_on(buffer);
        /*
         * Show buffer is enabled before setting rb_test_started.
         * Yes there's a small race window where events could be
         * dropped and the thread wont catch it. But when a ring
         * buffer gets enabled, there will always be some kind of
         * delay before other CPUs see it. Thus, we don't care about
         * those dropped events. We care about events dropped after
         * the threads see that the buffer is active.
         */
        smp_wmb();
        rb_test_started = true;

        set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
        /* Just run for 10 seconds */;
        schedule_timeout(10 * HZ);

        kthread_stop(rb_hammer);

 out_free:
        for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
                if (!rb_threads[cpu])
                        break;
                kthread_stop(rb_threads[cpu]);
        }
        if (ret) {
                ring_buffer_free(buffer);
                return ret;
        }

        /* Report! */
        pr_info("finished\n");
        for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
                struct ring_buffer_event *event;
                struct rb_test_data *data = &rb_data[cpu];
                struct rb_item *item;
                unsigned long total_events;
                unsigned long total_dropped;
                unsigned long total_written;
                unsigned long total_alloc;
                unsigned long total_read = 0;
                unsigned long total_size = 0;
                unsigned long total_len = 0;
                unsigned long total_lost = 0;
                unsigned long lost;
                int big_event_size;
                int small_event_size;

                ret = -1;

                total_events = data->events + data->events_nested;
                total_written = data->bytes_written + data->bytes_written_nested;
                total_alloc = data->bytes_alloc + data->bytes_alloc_nested;
                total_dropped = data->bytes_dropped + data->bytes_dropped_nested;

                big_event_size = data->max_size + data->max_size_nested;
                small_event_size = data->min_size + data->min_size_nested;

                pr_info("CPU %d:\n", cpu);
                pr_info("              events:    %ld\n", total_events);
                pr_info("       dropped bytes:    %ld\n", total_dropped);
                pr_info("       alloced bytes:    %ld\n", total_alloc);
                pr_info("       written bytes:    %ld\n", total_written);
                pr_info("       biggest event:    %d\n", big_event_size);
                pr_info("      smallest event:    %d\n", small_event_size);

                if (RB_WARN_ON(buffer, total_dropped))
                        break;

                ret = 0;

                while ((event = ring_buffer_consume(buffer, cpu, NULL, &lost))) {
                        total_lost += lost;
                        item = ring_buffer_event_data(event);
                        total_len += ring_buffer_event_length(event);
                        total_size += item->size + sizeof(struct rb_item);
                        if (memcmp(&item->str[0], rb_string, item->size) != 0) {
                                pr_info("FAILED!\n");
                                pr_info("buffer had: %.*s\n", item->size, item->str);
                                pr_info("expected:   %.*s\n", item->size, rb_string);
                                RB_WARN_ON(buffer, 1);
                                ret = -1;
                                break;
                        }
                        total_read++;
                }
                if (ret)
                        break;

                ret = -1;

                pr_info("         read events:   %ld\n", total_read);
                pr_info("         lost events:   %ld\n", total_lost);
                pr_info("        total events:   %ld\n", total_lost + total_read);
                pr_info("  recorded len bytes:   %ld\n", total_len);
                pr_info(" recorded size bytes:   %ld\n", total_size);
                if (total_lost)
                        pr_info(" With dropped events, record len and size may not match\n"
                                " alloced and written from above\n");
                if (!total_lost) {
                        if (RB_WARN_ON(buffer, total_len != total_alloc ||
                                       total_size != total_written))
                                break;
                }
                if (RB_WARN_ON(buffer, total_lost + total_read != total_events))
                        break;

                ret = 0;
        }
        if (!ret)
                pr_info("Ring buffer PASSED!\n");

        ring_buffer_free(buffer);
        return 0;
}

late_initcall(test_ringbuffer);
#endif /* CONFIG_RING_BUFFER_STARTUP_TEST */