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1 /*
2 * Detect hard and soft lockups on a system
3 *
4 * started by Don Zickus, Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc.
5 *
6 * Note: Most of this code is borrowed heavily from the original softlockup
7 * detector, so thanks to Ingo for the initial implementation.
8 * Some chunks also taken from the old x86-specific nmi watchdog code, thanks
9 * to those contributors as well.
10 */
11
12 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "NMI watchdog: " fmt
13
14 #include <linux/mm.h>
15 #include <linux/cpu.h>
16 #include <linux/nmi.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/delay.h>
19 #include <linux/freezer.h>
20 #include <linux/kthread.h>
21 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
22 #include <linux/notifier.h>
23 #include <linux/module.h>
24 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
25 #include <linux/smpboot.h>
26 #include <linux/sched/rt.h>
27
28 #include <asm/irq_regs.h>
29 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
30 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
31
32 int watchdog_enabled = 1;
33 int __read_mostly watchdog_thresh = 10;
34 static int __read_mostly watchdog_disabled;
35 static u64 __read_mostly sample_period;
36
37 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, watchdog_touch_ts);
38 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct task_struct *, softlockup_watchdog);
39 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hrtimer, watchdog_hrtimer);
40 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, softlockup_touch_sync);
41 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, soft_watchdog_warn);
42 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, hrtimer_interrupts);
43 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, soft_lockup_hrtimer_cnt);
44 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
45 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, hard_watchdog_warn);
46 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, watchdog_nmi_touch);
47 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, hrtimer_interrupts_saved);
48 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_event *, watchdog_ev);
49 #endif
50
51 /* boot commands */
52 /*
53 * Should we panic when a soft-lockup or hard-lockup occurs:
54 */
55 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
56 static int hardlockup_panic =
57 CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HARDLOCKUP_PANIC_VALUE;
58
59 static int __init hardlockup_panic_setup(char *str)
60 {
61 if (!strncmp(str, "panic", 5))
62 hardlockup_panic = 1;
63 else if (!strncmp(str, "nopanic", 7))
64 hardlockup_panic = 0;
65 else if (!strncmp(str, "0", 1))
66 watchdog_enabled = 0;
67 return 1;
68 }
69 __setup("nmi_watchdog=", hardlockup_panic_setup);
70 #endif
71
72 unsigned int __read_mostly softlockup_panic =
73 CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_SOFTLOCKUP_PANIC_VALUE;
74
75 static int __init softlockup_panic_setup(char *str)
76 {
77 softlockup_panic = simple_strtoul(str, NULL, 0);
78
79 return 1;
80 }
81 __setup("softlockup_panic=", softlockup_panic_setup);
82
83 static int __init nowatchdog_setup(char *str)
84 {
85 watchdog_enabled = 0;
86 return 1;
87 }
88 __setup("nowatchdog", nowatchdog_setup);
89
90 /* deprecated */
91 static int __init nosoftlockup_setup(char *str)
92 {
93 watchdog_enabled = 0;
94 return 1;
95 }
96 __setup("nosoftlockup", nosoftlockup_setup);
97 /* */
98
99 /*
100 * Hard-lockup warnings should be triggered after just a few seconds. Soft-
101 * lockups can have false positives under extreme conditions. So we generally
102 * want a higher threshold for soft lockups than for hard lockups. So we couple
103 * the thresholds with a factor: we make the soft threshold twice the amount of
104 * time the hard threshold is.
105 */
106 static int get_softlockup_thresh(void)
107 {
108 return watchdog_thresh * 2;
109 }
110
111 /*
112 * Returns seconds, approximately. We don't need nanosecond
113 * resolution, and we don't need to waste time with a big divide when
114 * 2^30ns == 1.074s.
115 */
116 static unsigned long get_timestamp(void)
117 {
118 return local_clock() >> 30LL; /* 2^30 ~= 10^9 */
119 }
120
121 static void set_sample_period(void)
122 {
123 /*
124 * convert watchdog_thresh from seconds to ns
125 * the divide by 5 is to give hrtimer several chances (two
126 * or three with the current relation between the soft
127 * and hard thresholds) to increment before the
128 * hardlockup detector generates a warning
129 */
130 sample_period = get_softlockup_thresh() * ((u64)NSEC_PER_SEC / 5);
131 }
132
133 /* Commands for resetting the watchdog */
134 static void __touch_watchdog(void)
135 {
136 __this_cpu_write(watchdog_touch_ts, get_timestamp());
137 }
138
139 void touch_softlockup_watchdog(void)
140 {
141 __this_cpu_write(watchdog_touch_ts, 0);
142 }
143 EXPORT_SYMBOL(touch_softlockup_watchdog);
144
145 void touch_all_softlockup_watchdogs(void)
146 {
147 int cpu;
148
149 /*
150 * this is done lockless
151 * do we care if a 0 races with a timestamp?
152 * all it means is the softlock check starts one cycle later
153 */
154 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
155 per_cpu(watchdog_touch_ts, cpu) = 0;
156 }
157
158 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
159 void touch_nmi_watchdog(void)
160 {
161 if (watchdog_enabled) {
162 unsigned cpu;
163
164 for_each_present_cpu(cpu) {
165 if (per_cpu(watchdog_nmi_touch, cpu) != true)
166 per_cpu(watchdog_nmi_touch, cpu) = true;
167 }
168 }
169 touch_softlockup_watchdog();
170 }
171 EXPORT_SYMBOL(touch_nmi_watchdog);
172
173 #endif
174
175 void touch_softlockup_watchdog_sync(void)
176 {
177 __raw_get_cpu_var(softlockup_touch_sync) = true;
178 __raw_get_cpu_var(watchdog_touch_ts) = 0;
179 }
180
181 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
182 /* watchdog detector functions */
183 static int is_hardlockup(void)
184 {
185 unsigned long hrint = __this_cpu_read(hrtimer_interrupts);
186
187 if (__this_cpu_read(hrtimer_interrupts_saved) == hrint)
188 return 1;
189
190 __this_cpu_write(hrtimer_interrupts_saved, hrint);
191 return 0;
192 }
193 #endif
194
195 static int is_softlockup(unsigned long touch_ts)
196 {
197 unsigned long now = get_timestamp();
198
199 /* Warn about unreasonable delays: */
200 if (time_after(now, touch_ts + get_softlockup_thresh()))
201 return now - touch_ts;
202
203 return 0;
204 }
205
206 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
207
208 static struct perf_event_attr wd_hw_attr = {
209 .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
210 .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
211 .size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr),
212 .pinned = 1,
213 .disabled = 1,
214 };
215
216 /* Callback function for perf event subsystem */
217 static void watchdog_overflow_callback(struct perf_event *event,
218 struct perf_sample_data *data,
219 struct pt_regs *regs)
220 {
221 /* Ensure the watchdog never gets throttled */
222 event->hw.interrupts = 0;
223
224 if (__this_cpu_read(watchdog_nmi_touch) == true) {
225 __this_cpu_write(watchdog_nmi_touch, false);
226 return;
227 }
228
229 /* check for a hardlockup
230 * This is done by making sure our timer interrupt
231 * is incrementing. The timer interrupt should have
232 * fired multiple times before we overflow'd. If it hasn't
233 * then this is a good indication the cpu is stuck
234 */
235 if (is_hardlockup()) {
236 int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
237
238 /* only print hardlockups once */
239 if (__this_cpu_read(hard_watchdog_warn) == true)
240 return;
241
242 if (hardlockup_panic)
243 panic("Watchdog detected hard LOCKUP on cpu %d", this_cpu);
244 else
245 WARN(1, "Watchdog detected hard LOCKUP on cpu %d", this_cpu);
246
247 __this_cpu_write(hard_watchdog_warn, true);
248 return;
249 }
250
251 __this_cpu_write(hard_watchdog_warn, false);
252 return;
253 }
254 #endif /* CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR */
255
256 static void watchdog_interrupt_count(void)
257 {
258 __this_cpu_inc(hrtimer_interrupts);
259 }
260
261 static int watchdog_nmi_enable(unsigned int cpu);
262 static void watchdog_nmi_disable(unsigned int cpu);
263
264 /* watchdog kicker functions */
265 static enum hrtimer_restart watchdog_timer_fn(struct hrtimer *hrtimer)
266 {
267 unsigned long touch_ts = __this_cpu_read(watchdog_touch_ts);
268 struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs();
269 int duration;
270
271 /* kick the hardlockup detector */
272 watchdog_interrupt_count();
273
274 /* kick the softlockup detector */
275 wake_up_process(__this_cpu_read(softlockup_watchdog));
276
277 /* .. and repeat */
278 hrtimer_forward_now(hrtimer, ns_to_ktime(sample_period));
279
280 if (touch_ts == 0) {
281 if (unlikely(__this_cpu_read(softlockup_touch_sync))) {
282 /*
283 * If the time stamp was touched atomically
284 * make sure the scheduler tick is up to date.
285 */
286 __this_cpu_write(softlockup_touch_sync, false);
287 sched_clock_tick();
288 }
289
290 /* Clear the guest paused flag on watchdog reset */
291 kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused();
292 __touch_watchdog();
293 return HRTIMER_RESTART;
294 }
295
296 /* check for a softlockup
297 * This is done by making sure a high priority task is
298 * being scheduled. The task touches the watchdog to
299 * indicate it is getting cpu time. If it hasn't then
300 * this is a good indication some task is hogging the cpu
301 */
302 duration = is_softlockup(touch_ts);
303 if (unlikely(duration)) {
304 /*
305 * If a virtual machine is stopped by the host it can look to
306 * the watchdog like a soft lockup, check to see if the host
307 * stopped the vm before we issue the warning
308 */
309 if (kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused())
310 return HRTIMER_RESTART;
311
312 /* only warn once */
313 if (__this_cpu_read(soft_watchdog_warn) == true)
314 return HRTIMER_RESTART;
315
316 printk(KERN_EMERG "BUG: soft lockup - CPU#%d stuck for %us! [%s:%d]\n",
317 smp_processor_id(), duration,
318 current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
319 print_modules();
320 print_irqtrace_events(current);
321 if (regs)
322 show_regs(regs);
323 else
324 dump_stack();
325
326 if (softlockup_panic)
327 panic("softlockup: hung tasks");
328 __this_cpu_write(soft_watchdog_warn, true);
329 } else
330 __this_cpu_write(soft_watchdog_warn, false);
331
332 return HRTIMER_RESTART;
333 }
334
335 static void watchdog_set_prio(unsigned int policy, unsigned int prio)
336 {
337 struct sched_param param = { .sched_priority = prio };
338
339 sched_setscheduler(current, policy, &param);
340 }
341
342 static void watchdog_enable(unsigned int cpu)
343 {
344 struct hrtimer *hrtimer = &__raw_get_cpu_var(watchdog_hrtimer);
345
346 /* kick off the timer for the hardlockup detector */
347 hrtimer_init(hrtimer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
348 hrtimer->function = watchdog_timer_fn;
349
350 if (!watchdog_enabled) {
351 kthread_park(current);
352 return;
353 }
354
355 /* Enable the perf event */
356 watchdog_nmi_enable(cpu);
357
358 /* done here because hrtimer_start can only pin to smp_processor_id() */
359 hrtimer_start(hrtimer, ns_to_ktime(sample_period),
360 HRTIMER_MODE_REL_PINNED);
361
362 /* initialize timestamp */
363 watchdog_set_prio(SCHED_FIFO, MAX_RT_PRIO - 1);
364 __touch_watchdog();
365 }
366
367 static void watchdog_disable(unsigned int cpu)
368 {
369 struct hrtimer *hrtimer = &__raw_get_cpu_var(watchdog_hrtimer);
370
371 watchdog_set_prio(SCHED_NORMAL, 0);
372 hrtimer_cancel(hrtimer);
373 /* disable the perf event */
374 watchdog_nmi_disable(cpu);
375 }
376
377 static int watchdog_should_run(unsigned int cpu)
378 {
379 return __this_cpu_read(hrtimer_interrupts) !=
380 __this_cpu_read(soft_lockup_hrtimer_cnt);
381 }
382
383 /*
384 * The watchdog thread function - touches the timestamp.
385 *
386 * It only runs once every sample_period seconds (4 seconds by
387 * default) to reset the softlockup timestamp. If this gets delayed
388 * for more than 2*watchdog_thresh seconds then the debug-printout
389 * triggers in watchdog_timer_fn().
390 */
391 static void watchdog(unsigned int cpu)
392 {
393 __this_cpu_write(soft_lockup_hrtimer_cnt,
394 __this_cpu_read(hrtimer_interrupts));
395 __touch_watchdog();
396 }
397
398 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
399 /*
400 * People like the simple clean cpu node info on boot.
401 * Reduce the watchdog noise by only printing messages
402 * that are different from what cpu0 displayed.
403 */
404 static unsigned long cpu0_err;
405
406 static int watchdog_nmi_enable(unsigned int cpu)
407 {
408 struct perf_event_attr *wd_attr;
409 struct perf_event *event = per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu);
410
411 /* is it already setup and enabled? */
412 if (event && event->state > PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
413 goto out;
414
415 /* it is setup but not enabled */
416 if (event != NULL)
417 goto out_enable;
418
419 wd_attr = &wd_hw_attr;
420 wd_attr->sample_period = hw_nmi_get_sample_period(watchdog_thresh);
421
422 /* Try to register using hardware perf events */
423 event = perf_event_create_kernel_counter(wd_attr, cpu, NULL, watchdog_overflow_callback, NULL);
424
425 /* save cpu0 error for future comparision */
426 if (cpu == 0 && IS_ERR(event))
427 cpu0_err = PTR_ERR(event);
428
429 if (!IS_ERR(event)) {
430 /* only print for cpu0 or different than cpu0 */
431 if (cpu == 0 || cpu0_err)
432 pr_info("enabled on all CPUs, permanently consumes one hw-PMU counter.\n");
433 goto out_save;
434 }
435
436 /* skip displaying the same error again */
437 if (cpu > 0 && (PTR_ERR(event) == cpu0_err))
438 return PTR_ERR(event);
439
440 /* vary the KERN level based on the returned errno */
441 if (PTR_ERR(event) == -EOPNOTSUPP)
442 pr_info("disabled (cpu%i): not supported (no LAPIC?)\n", cpu);
443 else if (PTR_ERR(event) == -ENOENT)
444 pr_warning("disabled (cpu%i): hardware events not enabled\n",
445 cpu);
446 else
447 pr_err("disabled (cpu%i): unable to create perf event: %ld\n",
448 cpu, PTR_ERR(event));
449 return PTR_ERR(event);
450
451 /* success path */
452 out_save:
453 per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu) = event;
454 out_enable:
455 perf_event_enable(per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu));
456 out:
457 return 0;
458 }
459
460 static void watchdog_nmi_disable(unsigned int cpu)
461 {
462 struct perf_event *event = per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu);
463
464 if (event) {
465 perf_event_disable(event);
466 per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu) = NULL;
467
468 /* should be in cleanup, but blocks oprofile */
469 perf_event_release_kernel(event);
470 }
471 return;
472 }
473 #else
474 static int watchdog_nmi_enable(unsigned int cpu) { return 0; }
475 static void watchdog_nmi_disable(unsigned int cpu) { return; }
476 #endif /* CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR */
477
478 /* prepare/enable/disable routines */
479 /* sysctl functions */
480 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
481 static void watchdog_enable_all_cpus(void)
482 {
483 unsigned int cpu;
484
485 if (watchdog_disabled) {
486 watchdog_disabled = 0;
487 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
488 kthread_unpark(per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu));
489 }
490 }
491
492 static void watchdog_disable_all_cpus(void)
493 {
494 unsigned int cpu;
495
496 if (!watchdog_disabled) {
497 watchdog_disabled = 1;
498 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
499 kthread_park(per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu));
500 }
501 }
502
503 /*
504 * proc handler for /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog,watchdog_thresh
505 */
506
507 int proc_dowatchdog(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
508 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
509 {
510 int ret;
511
512 if (watchdog_disabled < 0)
513 return -ENODEV;
514
515 ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
516 if (ret || !write)
517 return ret;
518
519 set_sample_period();
520 /*
521 * Watchdog threads shouldn't be enabled if they are
522 * disabled. The 'watchdog_disabled' variable check in
523 * watchdog_*_all_cpus() function takes care of this.
524 */
525 if (watchdog_enabled && watchdog_thresh)
526 watchdog_enable_all_cpus();
527 else
528 watchdog_disable_all_cpus();
529
530 return ret;
531 }
532 #endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
533
534 static struct smp_hotplug_thread watchdog_threads = {
535 .store = &softlockup_watchdog,
536 .thread_should_run = watchdog_should_run,
537 .thread_fn = watchdog,
538 .thread_comm = "watchdog/%u",
539 .setup = watchdog_enable,
540 .park = watchdog_disable,
541 .unpark = watchdog_enable,
542 };
543
544 void __init lockup_detector_init(void)
545 {
546 set_sample_period();
547 if (smpboot_register_percpu_thread(&watchdog_threads)) {
548 pr_err("Failed to create watchdog threads, disabled\n");
549 watchdog_disabled = -ENODEV;
550 }
551 }