lib/utils.c

   1 /*
   2  * utils.c
   3  *
   4  *              This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5  *              modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   6  *              as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
   7  *              2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8  *
   9  * Authors:     Alexey Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
  10  *
  11  */
  12
  13 #include <stdio.h>
  14 #include <stdlib.h>
  15 #include <math.h>
  16 #include <unistd.h>
  17 #include <syslog.h>
  18 #include <fcntl.h>
  19 #include <limits.h>
  20 #include <sys/socket.h>
  21 #include <netinet/in.h>
  22 #include <string.h>
  23 #include <netdb.h>
  24 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  25 #include <asm/types.h>
  26 #include <linux/pkt_sched.h>
  27 #include <linux/param.h>
  28 #include <linux/if_arp.h>
  29 #include <linux/mpls.h>
  30 #include <time.h>
  31 #include <sys/time.h>
  32 #include <errno.h>
  33
  34 #include "rt_names.h"
  35 #include "utils.h"
  36 #include "namespace.h"
  37
  38 int timestamp_short;
  39
  40 int get_hex(char c)
  41 {
  42         if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
  43                 return c - 'A' + 10;
  44         if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
  45                 return c - 'a' + 10;
  46         if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
  47                 return c - '0';
  48
  49         return -1;
  50 }
  51
  52 int get_integer(int *val, const char *arg, int base)
  53 {
  54         long res;
  55         char *ptr;
  56
  57         if (!arg || !*arg)
  58                 return -1;
  59
  60         res = strtol(arg, &ptr, base);
  61
  62         /* If there were no digits at all, strtol()  stores
  63          * the original value of nptr in *endptr (and returns 0).
  64          * In particular, if *nptr is not '\0' but **endptr is '\0' on return,
  65          * the entire string is valid.
  66          */
  67         if (!ptr || ptr == arg || *ptr)
  68                 return -1;
  69
  70         /* If an underflow occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MIN.
  71          * If an overflow occurs,  strtol() returns LONG_MAX.
  72          * In both cases, errno is set to ERANGE.
  73          */
  74         if ((res == LONG_MAX || res == LONG_MIN) && errno == ERANGE)
  75                 return -1;
  76
  77         /* Outside range of int */
  78         if (res < INT_MIN || res > INT_MAX)
  79                 return -1;
  80
  81         *val = res;
  82         return 0;
  83 }
  84
  85 int mask2bits(__u32 netmask)
  86 {
  87         unsigned int bits = 0;
  88         __u32 mask = ntohl(netmask);
  89         __u32 host = ~mask;
  90
  91         /* a valid netmask must be 2^n - 1 */
  92         if ((host & (host + 1)) != 0)
  93                 return -1;
  94
  95         for (; mask; mask <<= 1)
  96                 ++bits;
  97         return bits;
  98 }
  99
 100 static int get_netmask(unsigned int *val, const char *arg, int base)
 101 {
 102         inet_prefix addr;
 103
 104         if (!get_unsigned(val, arg, base))
 105                 return 0;
 106
 107         /* try coverting dotted quad to CIDR */
 108         if (!get_addr_1(&addr, arg, AF_INET) && addr.family == AF_INET) {
 109                 int b = mask2bits(addr.data[0]);
 110
 111                 if (b >= 0) {
 112                         *val = b;
 113                         return 0;
 114                 }
 115         }
 116
 117         return -1;
 118 }
 119
 120 int get_unsigned(unsigned int *val, const char *arg, int base)
 121 {
 122         unsigned long res;
 123         char *ptr;
 124
 125         if (!arg || !*arg)
 126                 return -1;
 127
 128         res = strtoul(arg, &ptr, base);
 129
 130         /* empty string or trailing non-digits */
 131         if (!ptr || ptr == arg || *ptr)
 132                 return -1;
 133
 134         /* overflow */
 135         if (res == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)
 136                 return -1;
 137
 138         /* out side range of unsigned */
 139         if (res > UINT_MAX)
 140                 return -1;
 141
 142         *val = res;
 143         return 0;
 144 }
 145
 146 /*
 147  * get_time_rtt is "translated" from a similar routine "get_time" in
 148  * tc_util.c.  We don't use the exact same routine because tc passes
 149  * microseconds to the kernel and the callers of get_time_rtt want to
 150  * pass milliseconds (standard unit for rtt values since 2.6.27), and
 151  * have a different assumption for the units of a "raw" number.
 152  */
 153 int get_time_rtt(unsigned int *val, const char *arg, int *raw)
 154 {
 155         double t;
 156         unsigned long res;
 157         char *p;
 158
 159         if (strchr(arg, '.') != NULL) {
 160                 t = strtod(arg, &p);
 161                 if (t < 0.0)
 162                         return -1;
 163
 164                 /* no digits? */
 165                 if (!p || p == arg)
 166                         return -1;
 167
 168                 /* over/underflow */
 169                 if ((t == HUGE_VALF || t == HUGE_VALL) && errno == ERANGE)
 170                         return -1;
 171         } else {
 172                 res = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
 173
 174                 /* empty string? */
 175                 if (!p || p == arg)
 176                         return -1;
 177
 178                 /* overflow */
 179                 if (res == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)
 180                         return -1;
 181
 182                 t = (double)res;
 183         }
 184
 185         if (p == arg)
 186                 return -1;
 187         *raw = 1;
 188
 189         if (*p) {
 190                 *raw = 0;
 191                 if (strcasecmp(p, "s") == 0 ||
 192                     strcasecmp(p, "sec") == 0 ||
 193                     strcasecmp(p, "secs") == 0)
 194                         t *= 1000;
 195                 else if (strcasecmp(p, "ms") == 0 ||
 196                          strcasecmp(p, "msec") == 0 ||
 197                          strcasecmp(p, "msecs") == 0)
 198                         t *= 1.0; /* allow suffix, do nothing */
 199                 else
 200                         return -1;
 201         }
 202
 203         /* emulate ceil() without having to bring-in -lm and always be >= 1 */
 204         *val = t;
 205         if (*val < t)
 206                 *val += 1;
 207
 208         return 0;
 209
 210 }
 211
 212 int get_u64(__u64 *val, const char *arg, int base)
 213 {
 214         unsigned long long res;
 215         char *ptr;
 216
 217         if (!arg || !*arg)
 218                 return -1;
 219
 220         res = strtoull(arg, &ptr, base);
 221
 222         /* empty string or trailing non-digits */
 223         if (!ptr || ptr == arg || *ptr)
 224                 return -1;
 225
 226         /* overflow */
 227         if (res == ULLONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)
 228                 return -1;
 229
 230         /* in case ULL is 128 bits */
 231         if (res > 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL)
 232                 return -1;
 233
 234         *val = res;
 235         return 0;
 236 }
 237
 238 int get_u32(__u32 *val, const char *arg, int base)
 239 {
 240         unsigned long res;
 241         char *ptr;
 242
 243         if (!arg || !*arg)
 244                 return -1;
 245         res = strtoul(arg, &ptr, base);
 246
 247         /* empty string or trailing non-digits */
 248         if (!ptr || ptr == arg || *ptr)
 249                 return -1;
 250
 251         /* overflow */
 252         if (res == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)
 253                 return -1;
 254
 255         /* in case UL > 32 bits */
 256         if (res > 0xFFFFFFFFUL)
 257                 return -1;
 258
 259         *val = res;
 260         return 0;
 261 }
 262
 263 int get_u16(__u16 *val, const char *arg, int base)
 264 {
 265         unsigned long res;
 266         char *ptr;
 267
 268         if (!arg || !*arg)
 269                 return -1;
 270         res = strtoul(arg, &ptr, base);
 271
 272         /* empty string or trailing non-digits */
 273         if (!ptr || ptr == arg || *ptr)
 274                 return -1;
 275
 276         /* overflow */
 277         if (res == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)
 278                 return -1;
 279
 280         if (res > 0xFFFFUL)
 281                 return -1;
 282
 283         *val = res;
 284         return 0;
 285 }
 286
 287 int get_u8(__u8 *val, const char *arg, int base)
 288 {
 289         unsigned long res;
 290         char *ptr;
 291
 292         if (!arg || !*arg)
 293                 return -1;
 294
 295         res = strtoul(arg, &ptr, base);
 296         /* empty string or trailing non-digits */
 297         if (!ptr || ptr == arg || *ptr)
 298                 return -1;
 299
 300         /* overflow */
 301         if (res == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)
 302                 return -1;
 303
 304         if (res > 0xFFUL)
 305                 return -1;
 306
 307         *val = res;
 308         return 0;
 309 }
 310
 311 int get_s32(__s32 *val, const char *arg, int base)
 312 {
 313         long res;
 314         char *ptr;
 315
 316         errno = 0;
 317
 318         if (!arg || !*arg)
 319                 return -1;
 320         res = strtol(arg, &ptr, base);
 321         if (!ptr || ptr == arg || *ptr)
 322                 return -1;
 323         if ((res == LONG_MIN || res == LONG_MAX) && errno == ERANGE)
 324                 return -1;
 325         if (res > INT32_MAX || res < INT32_MIN)
 326                 return -1;
 327
 328         *val = res;
 329         return 0;
 330 }
 331
 332 int get_s16(__s16 *val, const char *arg, int base)
 333 {
 334         long res;
 335         char *ptr;
 336
 337         if (!arg || !*arg)
 338                 return -1;
 339         res = strtol(arg, &ptr, base);
 340         if (!ptr || ptr == arg || *ptr)
 341                 return -1;
 342         if ((res == LONG_MIN || res == LONG_MAX) && errno == ERANGE)
 343                 return -1;
 344         if (res > 0x7FFF || res < -0x8000)
 345                 return -1;
 346
 347         *val = res;
 348         return 0;
 349 }
 350
 351 int get_s8(__s8 *val, const char *arg, int base)
 352 {
 353         long res;
 354         char *ptr;
 355
 356         if (!arg || !*arg)
 357                 return -1;
 358         res = strtol(arg, &ptr, base);
 359         if (!ptr || ptr == arg || *ptr)
 360                 return -1;
 361         if ((res == LONG_MIN || res == LONG_MAX) && errno == ERANGE)
 362                 return -1;
 363         if (res > 0x7F || res < -0x80)
 364                 return -1;
 365         *val = res;
 366         return 0;
 367 }
 368
 369 int get_be64(__be64 *val, const char *arg, int base)
 370 {
 371         __u64 v;
 372         int ret = get_u64(&v, arg, base);
 373
 374         if (!ret)
 375                 *val = htonll(v);
 376
 377         return ret;
 378 }
 379
 380 int get_be32(__be32 *val, const char *arg, int base)
 381 {
 382         __u32 v;
 383         int ret = get_u32(&v, arg, base);
 384
 385         if (!ret)
 386                 *val = htonl(v);
 387
 388         return ret;
 389 }
 390
 391 int get_be16(__be16 *val, const char *arg, int base)
 392 {
 393         __u16 v;
 394         int ret = get_u16(&v, arg, base);
 395
 396         if (!ret)
 397                 *val = htons(v);
 398
 399         return ret;
 400 }
 401
 402 /* This uses a non-standard parsing (ie not inet_aton, or inet_pton)
 403  * because of legacy choice to parse 10.8 as 10.8.0.0 not 10.0.0.8
 404  */
 405 static int get_addr_ipv4(__u8 *ap, const char *cp)
 406 {
 407         int i;
 408
 409         for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 410                 unsigned long n;
 411                 char *endp;
 412
 413                 n = strtoul(cp, &endp, 0);
 414                 if (n > 255)
 415                         return -1;      /* bogus network value */
 416
 417                 if (endp == cp) /* no digits */
 418                         return -1;
 419
 420                 ap[i] = n;
 421
 422                 if (*endp == '\0')
 423                         break;
 424
 425                 if (i == 3 || *endp != '.')
 426                         return -1;      /* extra characters */
 427                 cp = endp + 1;
 428         }
 429
 430         return 1;
 431 }
 432
 433 int get_addr64(__u64 *ap, const char *cp)
 434 {
 435         int i;
 436
 437         union {
 438                 __u16 v16[4];
 439                 __u64 v64;
 440         } val;
 441
 442         for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 443                 unsigned long n;
 444                 char *endp;
 445
 446                 n = strtoul(cp, &endp, 16);
 447                 if (n > 0xffff)
 448                         return -1;      /* bogus network value */
 449
 450                 if (endp == cp) /* no digits */
 451                         return -1;
 452
 453                 val.v16[i] = htons(n);
 454
 455                 if (*endp == '\0')
 456                         break;
 457
 458                 if (i == 3 || *endp != ':')
 459                         return -1;      /* extra characters */
 460                 cp = endp + 1;
 461         }
 462
 463         *ap = val.v64;
 464
 465         return 1;
 466 }
 467
 468 int get_addr_1(inet_prefix *addr, const char *name, int family)
 469 {
 470         memset(addr, 0, sizeof(*addr));
 471
 472         if (strcmp(name, "default") == 0 ||
 473             strcmp(name, "all") == 0 ||
 474             strcmp(name, "any") == 0) {
 475                 if ((family == AF_DECnet) || (family == AF_MPLS))
 476                         return -1;
 477                 addr->family = family;
 478                 addr->bytelen = (family == AF_INET6 ? 16 : 4);
 479                 addr->bitlen = -1;
 480                 return 0;
 481         }
 482
 483         if (family == AF_PACKET) {
 484                 int len;
 485
 486                 len = ll_addr_a2n((char *) &addr->data, sizeof(addr->data),
 487                                   name);
 488                 if (len < 0)
 489                         return -1;
 490
 491                 addr->family = AF_PACKET;
 492                 addr->bytelen = len;
 493                 addr->bitlen = len * 8;
 494                 return 0;
 495         }
 496
 497         if (strchr(name, ':')) {
 498                 addr->family = AF_INET6;
 499                 if (family != AF_UNSPEC && family != AF_INET6)
 500                         return -1;
 501                 if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, name, addr->data) <= 0)
 502                         return -1;
 503                 addr->bytelen = 16;
 504                 addr->bitlen = -1;
 505                 return 0;
 506         }
 507
 508         if (family == AF_DECnet) {
 509                 struct dn_naddr dna;
 510
 511                 addr->family = AF_DECnet;
 512                 if (dnet_pton(AF_DECnet, name, &dna) <= 0)
 513                         return -1;
 514                 memcpy(addr->data, dna.a_addr, 2);
 515                 addr->bytelen = 2;
 516                 addr->bitlen = -1;
 517                 return 0;
 518         }
 519
 520         if (family == AF_MPLS) {
 521                 int i;
 522
 523                 addr->family = AF_MPLS;
 524                 if (mpls_pton(AF_MPLS, name, addr->data) <= 0)
 525                         return -1;
 526                 addr->bytelen = 4;
 527                 addr->bitlen = 20;
 528                 /* How many bytes do I need? */
 529                 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
 530                         if (ntohl(addr->data[i]) & MPLS_LS_S_MASK) {
 531                                 addr->bytelen = (i + 1)*4;
 532                                 break;
 533                         }
 534                 }
 535                 return 0;
 536         }
 537
 538         addr->family = AF_INET;
 539         if (family != AF_UNSPEC && family != AF_INET)
 540                 return -1;
 541
 542         if (get_addr_ipv4((__u8 *)addr->data, name) <= 0)
 543                 return -1;
 544
 545         addr->bytelen = 4;
 546         addr->bitlen = -1;
 547         return 0;
 548 }
 549
 550 int af_bit_len(int af)
 551 {
 552         switch (af) {
 553         case AF_INET6:
 554                 return 128;
 555         case AF_INET:
 556                 return 32;
 557         case AF_DECnet:
 558                 return 16;
 559         case AF_IPX:
 560                 return 80;
 561         case AF_MPLS:
 562                 return 20;
 563         }
 564
 565         return 0;
 566 }
 567
 568 int af_byte_len(int af)
 569 {
 570         return af_bit_len(af) / 8;
 571 }
 572
 573 int get_prefix_1(inet_prefix *dst, char *arg, int family)
 574 {
 575         int err;
 576         unsigned int plen;
 577         char *slash;
 578
 579         memset(dst, 0, sizeof(*dst));
 580
 581         if (strcmp(arg, "default") == 0 ||
 582             strcmp(arg, "any") == 0 ||
 583             strcmp(arg, "all") == 0) {
 584                 if ((family == AF_DECnet) || (family == AF_MPLS))
 585                         return -1;
 586                 dst->family = family;
 587                 dst->bytelen = 0;
 588                 dst->bitlen = 0;
 589                 return 0;
 590         }
 591
 592         slash = strchr(arg, '/');
 593         if (slash)
 594                 *slash = 0;
 595
 596         err = get_addr_1(dst, arg, family);
 597         if (err == 0) {
 598                 dst->bitlen = af_bit_len(dst->family);
 599
 600                 if (slash) {
 601                         if (get_netmask(&plen, slash+1, 0)
 602                             || plen > dst->bitlen) {
 603                                 err = -1;
 604                                 goto done;
 605                         }
 606                         dst->flags |= PREFIXLEN_SPECIFIED;
 607                         dst->bitlen = plen;
 608                 }
 609         }
 610 done:
 611         if (slash)
 612                 *slash = '/';
 613         return err;
 614 }
 615
 616 int get_addr(inet_prefix *dst, const char *arg, int family)
 617 {
 618         if (get_addr_1(dst, arg, family)) {
 619                 fprintf(stderr,
 620                         "Error: %s address is expected rather than \"%s\".\n",
 621                         family_name(dst->family), arg);
 622                 exit(1);
 623         }
 624         return 0;
 625 }
 626
 627 int get_prefix(inet_prefix *dst, char *arg, int family)
 628 {
 629         if (family == AF_PACKET) {
 630                 fprintf(stderr,
 631                         "Error: \"%s\" may be inet prefix, but it is not allowed in this context.\n",
 632                         arg);
 633                 exit(1);
 634         }
 635
 636         if (get_prefix_1(dst, arg, family)) {
 637                 fprintf(stderr,
 638                         "Error: %s prefix is expected rather than \"%s\".\n",
 639                         family_name(dst->family), arg);
 640                 exit(1);
 641         }
 642         return 0;
 643 }
 644
 645 __u32 get_addr32(const char *name)
 646 {
 647         inet_prefix addr;
 648
 649         if (get_addr_1(&addr, name, AF_INET)) {
 650                 fprintf(stderr,
 651                         "Error: an IP address is expected rather than \"%s\"\n",
 652                         name);
 653                 exit(1);
 654         }
 655         return addr.data[0];
 656 }
 657
 658 void incomplete_command(void)
 659 {
 660         fprintf(stderr, "Command line is not complete. Try option \"help\"\n");
 661         exit(-1);
 662 }
 663
 664 void missarg(const char *key)
 665 {
 666         fprintf(stderr, "Error: argument \"%s\" is required\n", key);
 667         exit(-1);
 668 }
 669
 670 void invarg(const char *msg, const char *arg)
 671 {
 672         fprintf(stderr, "Error: argument \"%s\" is wrong: %s\n", arg, msg);
 673         exit(-1);
 674 }
 675
 676 void duparg(const char *key, const char *arg)
 677 {
 678         fprintf(stderr,
 679                 "Error: duplicate \"%s\": \"%s\" is the second value.\n",
 680                 key, arg);
 681         exit(-1);
 682 }
 683
 684 void duparg2(const char *key, const char *arg)
 685 {
 686         fprintf(stderr,
 687                 "Error: either \"%s\" is duplicate, or \"%s\" is a garbage.\n",
 688                 key, arg);
 689         exit(-1);
 690 }
 691
 692 int matches(const char *cmd, const char *pattern)
 693 {
 694         int len = strlen(cmd);
 695
 696         if (len > strlen(pattern))
 697                 return -1;
 698         return memcmp(pattern, cmd, len);
 699 }
 700
 701 int inet_addr_match(const inet_prefix *a, const inet_prefix *b, int bits)
 702 {
 703         const __u32 *a1 = a->data;
 704         const __u32 *a2 = b->data;
 705         int words = bits >> 0x05;
 706
 707         bits &= 0x1f;
 708
 709         if (words)
 710                 if (memcmp(a1, a2, words << 2))
 711                         return -1;
 712
 713         if (bits) {
 714                 __u32 w1, w2;
 715                 __u32 mask;
 716
 717                 w1 = a1[words];
 718                 w2 = a2[words];
 719
 720                 mask = htonl((0xffffffff) << (0x20 - bits));
 721
 722                 if ((w1 ^ w2) & mask)
 723                         return 1;
 724         }
 725
 726         return 0;
 727 }
 728
 729 int __iproute2_hz_internal;
 730
 731 int __get_hz(void)
 732 {
 733         char name[1024];
 734         int hz = 0;
 735         FILE *fp;
 736
 737         if (getenv("HZ"))
 738                 return atoi(getenv("HZ")) ? : HZ;
 739
 740         if (getenv("PROC_NET_PSCHED"))
 741                 snprintf(name, sizeof(name)-1,
 742                          "%s", getenv("PROC_NET_PSCHED"));
 743         else if (getenv("PROC_ROOT"))
 744                 snprintf(name, sizeof(name)-1,
 745                          "%s/net/psched", getenv("PROC_ROOT"));
 746         else
 747                 strcpy(name, "/proc/net/psched");
 748
 749         fp = fopen(name, "r");
 750
 751         if (fp) {
 752                 unsigned int nom, denom;
 753
 754                 if (fscanf(fp, "%*08x%*08x%08x%08x", &nom, &denom) == 2)
 755                         if (nom == 1000000)
 756                                 hz = denom;
 757                 fclose(fp);
 758         }
 759         if (hz)
 760                 return hz;
 761         return HZ;
 762 }
 763
 764 int __iproute2_user_hz_internal;
 765
 766 int __get_user_hz(void)
 767 {
 768         return sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
 769 }
 770
 771 const char *rt_addr_n2a_r(int af, int len,
 772                           const void *addr, char *buf, int buflen)
 773 {
 774         switch (af) {
 775         case AF_INET:
 776         case AF_INET6:
 777                 return inet_ntop(af, addr, buf, buflen);
 778         case AF_MPLS:
 779                 return mpls_ntop(af, addr, buf, buflen);
 780         case AF_IPX:
 781                 return ipx_ntop(af, addr, buf, buflen);
 782         case AF_DECnet:
 783         {
 784                 struct dn_naddr dna = { 2, { 0, 0, } };
 785
 786                 memcpy(dna.a_addr, addr, 2);
 787                 return dnet_ntop(af, &dna, buf, buflen);
 788         }
 789         case AF_PACKET:
 790                 return ll_addr_n2a(addr, len, ARPHRD_VOID, buf, buflen);
 791         default:
 792                 return "???";
 793         }
 794 }
 795
 796 const char *rt_addr_n2a(int af, int len, const void *addr)
 797 {
 798         static char buf[256];
 799
 800         return rt_addr_n2a_r(af, len, addr, buf, 256);
 801 }
 802
 803 int read_family(const char *name)
 804 {
 805         int family = AF_UNSPEC;
 806
 807         if (strcmp(name, "inet") == 0)
 808                 family = AF_INET;
 809         else if (strcmp(name, "inet6") == 0)
 810                 family = AF_INET6;
 811         else if (strcmp(name, "dnet") == 0)
 812                 family = AF_DECnet;
 813         else if (strcmp(name, "link") == 0)
 814                 family = AF_PACKET;
 815         else if (strcmp(name, "ipx") == 0)
 816                 family = AF_IPX;
 817         else if (strcmp(name, "mpls") == 0)
 818                 family = AF_MPLS;
 819         else if (strcmp(name, "bridge") == 0)
 820                 family = AF_BRIDGE;
 821         return family;
 822 }
 823
 824 const char *family_name(int family)
 825 {
 826         if (family == AF_INET)
 827                 return "inet";
 828         if (family == AF_INET6)
 829                 return "inet6";
 830         if (family == AF_DECnet)
 831                 return "dnet";
 832         if (family == AF_PACKET)
 833                 return "link";
 834         if (family == AF_IPX)
 835                 return "ipx";
 836         if (family == AF_MPLS)
 837                 return "mpls";
 838         if (family == AF_BRIDGE)
 839                 return "bridge";
 840         return "???";
 841 }
 842
 843 #ifdef RESOLVE_HOSTNAMES
 844 struct namerec {
 845         struct namerec *next;
 846         const char *name;
 847         inet_prefix addr;
 848 };
 849
 850 #define NHASH 257
 851 static struct namerec *nht[NHASH];
 852
 853 static const char *resolve_address(const void *addr, int len, int af)
 854 {
 855         struct namerec *n;
 856         struct hostent *h_ent;
 857         unsigned int hash;
 858         static int notfirst;
 859
 860
 861         if (af == AF_INET6 && ((__u32 *)addr)[0] == 0 &&
 862             ((__u32 *)addr)[1] == 0 && ((__u32 *)addr)[2] == htonl(0xffff)) {
 863                 af = AF_INET;
 864                 addr += 12;
 865                 len = 4;
 866         }
 867
 868         hash = *(__u32 *)(addr + len - 4) % NHASH;
 869
 870         for (n = nht[hash]; n; n = n->next) {
 871                 if (n->addr.family == af &&
 872                     n->addr.bytelen == len &&
 873                     memcmp(n->addr.data, addr, len) == 0)
 874                         return n->name;
 875         }
 876         n = malloc(sizeof(*n));
 877         if (n == NULL)
 878                 return NULL;
 879         n->addr.family = af;
 880         n->addr.bytelen = len;
 881         n->name = NULL;
 882         memcpy(n->addr.data, addr, len);
 883         n->next = nht[hash];
 884         nht[hash] = n;
 885         if (++notfirst == 1)
 886                 sethostent(1);
 887         fflush(stdout);
 888
 889         h_ent = gethostbyaddr(addr, len, af);
 890         if (h_ent != NULL)
 891                 n->name = strdup(h_ent->h_name);
 892
 893         /* Even if we fail, "negative" entry is remembered. */
 894         return n->name;
 895 }
 896 #endif
 897
 898 const char *format_host_r(int af, int len, const void *addr,
 899                         char *buf, int buflen)
 900 {
 901 #ifdef RESOLVE_HOSTNAMES
 902         if (resolve_hosts) {
 903                 const char *n;
 904
 905                 len = len <= 0 ? af_byte_len(af) : len;
 906
 907                 if (len > 0 &&
 908                     (n = resolve_address(addr, len, af)) != NULL)
 909                         return n;
 910         }
 911 #endif
 912         return rt_addr_n2a_r(af, len, addr, buf, buflen);
 913 }
 914
 915 const char *format_host(int af, int len, const void *addr)
 916 {
 917         static char buf[256];
 918
 919         return format_host_r(af, len, addr, buf, 256);
 920 }
 921
 922
 923 char *hexstring_n2a(const __u8 *str, int len, char *buf, int blen)
 924 {
 925         char *ptr = buf;
 926         int i;
 927
 928         for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 929                 if (blen < 3)
 930                         break;
 931                 sprintf(ptr, "%02x", str[i]);
 932                 ptr += 2;
 933                 blen -= 2;
 934         }
 935         return buf;
 936 }
 937
 938 __u8 *hexstring_a2n(const char *str, __u8 *buf, int blen, unsigned int *len)
 939 {
 940         unsigned int cnt = 0;
 941         char *endptr;
 942
 943         if (strlen(str) % 2)
 944                 return NULL;
 945         while (cnt < blen && strlen(str) > 1) {
 946                 unsigned int tmp;
 947                 char tmpstr[3];
 948
 949                 strncpy(tmpstr, str, 2);
 950                 tmpstr[2] = '\0';
 951                 errno = 0;
 952                 tmp = strtoul(tmpstr, &endptr, 16);
 953                 if (errno != 0 || tmp > 0xFF || *endptr != '\0')
 954                         return NULL;
 955                 buf[cnt++] = tmp;
 956                 str += 2;
 957         }
 958
 959         if (len)
 960                 *len = cnt;
 961
 962         return buf;
 963 }
 964
 965 int addr64_n2a(__u64 addr, char *buff, size_t len)
 966 {
 967         __u16 *words = (__u16 *)&addr;
 968         __u16 v;
 969         int i, ret;
 970         size_t written = 0;
 971         char *sep = ":";
 972
 973         for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 974                 v = ntohs(words[i]);
 975
 976                 if (i == 3)
 977                         sep = "";
 978
 979                 ret = snprintf(&buff[written], len - written, "%x%s", v, sep);
 980                 if (ret < 0)
 981                         return ret;
 982
 983                 written += ret;
 984         }
 985
 986         return written;
 987 }
 988
 989 int print_timestamp(FILE *fp)
 990 {
 991         struct timeval tv;
 992         struct tm *tm;
 993
 994         gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
 995         tm = localtime(&tv.tv_sec);
 996
 997         if (timestamp_short) {
 998                 char tshort[40];
 999
1000                 strftime(tshort, sizeof(tshort), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1001                 fprintf(fp, "[%s.%06ld] ", tshort, tv.tv_usec);
1002         } else {
1003                 char *tstr = asctime(tm);
1004
1005                 tstr[strlen(tstr)-1] = 0;
1006                 fprintf(fp, "Timestamp: %s %ld usec\n",
1007                         tstr, tv.tv_usec);
1008         }
1009
1010         return 0;
1011 }
1012
1013 int cmdlineno;
1014
1015 /* Like glibc getline but handle continuation lines and comments */
1016 ssize_t getcmdline(char **linep, size_t *lenp, FILE *in)
1017 {
1018         ssize_t cc;
1019         char *cp;
1020
1021         cc = getline(linep, lenp, in);
1022         if (cc < 0)
1023                 return cc;      /* eof or error */
1024         ++cmdlineno;
1025
1026         cp = strchr(*linep, '#');
1027         if (cp)
1028                 *cp = '\0';
1029
1030         while ((cp = strstr(*linep, "\\\n")) != NULL) {
1031                 char *line1 = NULL;
1032                 size_t len1 = 0;
1033                 ssize_t cc1;
1034
1035                 cc1 = getline(&line1, &len1, in);
1036                 if (cc1 < 0) {
1037                         fprintf(stderr, "Missing continuation line\n");
1038                         return cc1;
1039                 }
1040
1041                 ++cmdlineno;
1042                 *cp = 0;
1043
1044                 cp = strchr(line1, '#');
1045                 if (cp)
1046                         *cp = '\0';
1047
1048                 *lenp = strlen(*linep) + strlen(line1) + 1;
1049                 *linep = realloc(*linep, *lenp);
1050                 if (!*linep) {
1051                         fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
1052                         *lenp = 0;
1053                         return -1;
1054                 }
1055                 cc += cc1 - 2;
1056                 strcat(*linep, line1);
1057                 free(line1);
1058         }
1059         return cc;
1060 }
1061
1062 /* split command line into argument vector */
1063 int makeargs(char *line, char *argv[], int maxargs)
1064 {
1065         static const char ws[] = " \t\r\n";
1066         char *cp;
1067         int argc = 0;
1068
1069         for (cp = line + strspn(line, ws); *cp; cp += strspn(cp, ws)) {
1070                 if (argc >= (maxargs - 1)) {
1071                         fprintf(stderr, "Too many arguments to command\n");
1072                         exit(1);
1073                 }
1074
1075                 /* word begins with quote */
1076                 if (*cp == '\'' || *cp == '"') {
1077                         char quote = *cp++;
1078
1079                         argv[argc++] = cp;
1080                         /* find ending quote */
1081                         cp = strchr(cp, quote);
1082                         if (cp == NULL) {
1083                                 fprintf(stderr, "Unterminated quoted string\n");
1084                                 exit(1);
1085                         }
1086                         *cp++ = 0;
1087                         continue;
1088                 }
1089
1090                 argv[argc++] = cp;
1091                 /* find end of word */
1092                 cp += strcspn(cp, ws);
1093                 *cp++ = 0;
1094         }
1095         argv[argc] = NULL;
1096
1097         return argc;
1098 }
1099
1100 int inet_get_addr(const char *src, __u32 *dst, struct in6_addr *dst6)
1101 {
1102         if (strchr(src, ':'))
1103                 return inet_pton(AF_INET6, src, dst6);
1104         else
1105                 return inet_pton(AF_INET, src, dst);
1106 }
1107
1108 void print_nlmsg_timestamp(FILE *fp, const struct nlmsghdr *n)
1109 {
1110         char *tstr;
1111         time_t secs = ((__u32 *)NLMSG_DATA(n))[0];
1112         long usecs = ((__u32 *)NLMSG_DATA(n))[1];
1113
1114         tstr = asctime(localtime(&secs));
1115         tstr[strlen(tstr)-1] = 0;
1116         fprintf(fp, "Timestamp: %s %lu us\n", tstr, usecs);
1117 }
1118
1119 static int on_netns(char *nsname, void *arg)
1120 {
1121         struct netns_func *f = arg;
1122
1123         if (netns_switch(nsname))
1124                 return -1;
1125
1126         return f->func(nsname, f->arg);
1127 }
1128
1129 static int on_netns_label(char *nsname, void *arg)
1130 {
1131         printf("\nnetns: %s\n", nsname);
1132         return on_netns(nsname, arg);
1133 }
1134
1135 int do_each_netns(int (*func)(char *nsname, void *arg), void *arg,
1136                 bool show_label)
1137 {
1138         struct netns_func nsf = { .func = func, .arg = arg };
1139
1140         if (show_label)
1141                 return netns_foreach(on_netns_label, &nsf);
1142
1143         return netns_foreach(on_netns, &nsf);
1144 }
1145
1146 char *int_to_str(int val, char *buf)
1147 {
1148         sprintf(buf, "%d", val);
1149         return buf;
1150 }
1151
1152 int get_guid(__u64 *guid, const char *arg)
1153 {
1154         unsigned long int tmp;
1155         char *endptr;
1156         int i;
1157
1158 #define GUID_STR_LEN 23
1159         /* Verify strict format: format string must be
1160          * xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx where xx can be an arbitrary
1161          * hex digit
1162          */
1163
1164         if (strlen(arg) != GUID_STR_LEN)
1165                 return -1;
1166
1167         /* make sure columns are in place */
1168         for (i = 0; i < 7; i++)
1169                 if (arg[2 + i * 3] != ':')
1170                         return -1;
1171
1172         *guid = 0;
1173         for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
1174                 tmp = strtoul(arg + i * 3, &endptr, 16);
1175                 if (endptr != arg + i * 3 + 2)
1176                         return -1;
1177
1178                 if (tmp > 255)
1179                         return -1;
1180
1181                  *guid |= tmp << (56 - 8 * i);
1182         }
1183
1184         return 0;
1185 }
1186
1187 /* This is a necessary workaround for multicast route dumps */
1188 int get_real_family(int rtm_type, int rtm_family)
1189 {
1190         if (rtm_type != RTN_MULTICAST)
1191                 return rtm_family;
1192
1193         return rtm_family == RTNL_FAMILY_IPMR ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
1194 }