2 * linux/mm/page_alloc.c
4 * Manages the free list, the system allocates free pages here.
5 * Note that kmalloc() lives in slab.c
7 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
8 * Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
9 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
10 * Reshaped it to be a zoned allocator, Ingo Molnar, Red Hat, 1999
11 * Discontiguous memory support, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Nov 1999
12 * Zone balancing, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Jan 2000
13 * Per cpu hot/cold page lists, bulk allocation, Martin J. Bligh, Sept 2002
14 * (lots of bits borrowed from Ingo Molnar & Andrew Morton)
17 #include <linux/stddef.h>
19 #include <linux/swap.h>
20 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
21 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
22 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
23 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
24 #include <linux/memblock.h>
25 #include <linux/compiler.h>
26 #include <linux/kernel.h>
27 #include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
28 #include <linux/kasan.h>
29 #include <linux/module.h>
30 #include <linux/suspend.h>
31 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
32 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
33 #include <linux/slab.h>
34 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
35 #include <linux/oom.h>
36 #include <linux/notifier.h>
37 #include <linux/topology.h>
38 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
39 #include <linux/cpu.h>
40 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
41 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
42 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
43 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
44 #include <linux/vmstat.h>
45 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
46 #include <linux/stop_machine.h>
47 #include <linux/sort.h>
48 #include <linux/pfn.h>
49 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
50 #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
51 #include <linux/page-isolation.h>
52 #include <linux/page_ext.h>
53 #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
54 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
55 #include <linux/compaction.h>
56 #include <trace/events/kmem.h>
57 #include <linux/prefetch.h>
58 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
59 #include <linux/migrate.h>
60 #include <linux/page_ext.h>
61 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
62 #include <linux/sched/rt.h>
63 #include <linux/page_owner.h>
64 #include <linux/kthread.h>
66 #include <asm/sections.h>
67 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
68 #include <asm/div64.h>
71 /* prevent >1 _updater_ of zone percpu pageset ->high and ->batch fields */
72 static DEFINE_MUTEX(pcp_batch_high_lock
);
73 #define MIN_PERCPU_PAGELIST_FRACTION (8)
75 #ifdef CONFIG_USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID
76 DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, numa_node
);
77 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(numa_node
);
80 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES
82 * N.B., Do NOT reference the '_numa_mem_' per cpu variable directly.
83 * It will not be defined when CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES is not defined.
84 * Use the accessor functions set_numa_mem(), numa_mem_id() and cpu_to_mem()
85 * defined in <linux/topology.h>.
87 DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, _numa_mem_
); /* Kernel "local memory" node */
88 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(_numa_mem_
);
89 int _node_numa_mem_
[MAX_NUMNODES
];
93 * Array of node states.
95 nodemask_t node_states
[NR_NODE_STATES
] __read_mostly
= {
96 [N_POSSIBLE
] = NODE_MASK_ALL
,
97 [N_ONLINE
] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
99 [N_NORMAL_MEMORY
] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
100 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
101 [N_HIGH_MEMORY
] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
103 #ifdef CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE
104 [N_MEMORY
] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
106 [N_CPU
] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
109 EXPORT_SYMBOL(node_states
);
111 /* Protect totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages */
112 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(managed_page_count_lock
);
114 unsigned long totalram_pages __read_mostly
;
115 unsigned long totalreserve_pages __read_mostly
;
116 unsigned long totalcma_pages __read_mostly
;
118 * When calculating the number of globally allowed dirty pages, there
119 * is a certain number of per-zone reserves that should not be
120 * considered dirtyable memory. This is the sum of those reserves
121 * over all existing zones that contribute dirtyable memory.
123 unsigned long dirty_balance_reserve __read_mostly
;
125 int percpu_pagelist_fraction
;
126 gfp_t gfp_allowed_mask __read_mostly
= GFP_BOOT_MASK
;
128 #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
130 * The following functions are used by the suspend/hibernate code to temporarily
131 * change gfp_allowed_mask in order to avoid using I/O during memory allocations
132 * while devices are suspended. To avoid races with the suspend/hibernate code,
133 * they should always be called with pm_mutex held (gfp_allowed_mask also should
134 * only be modified with pm_mutex held, unless the suspend/hibernate code is
135 * guaranteed not to run in parallel with that modification).
138 static gfp_t saved_gfp_mask
;
140 void pm_restore_gfp_mask(void)
142 WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&pm_mutex
));
143 if (saved_gfp_mask
) {
144 gfp_allowed_mask
= saved_gfp_mask
;
149 void pm_restrict_gfp_mask(void)
151 WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&pm_mutex
));
152 WARN_ON(saved_gfp_mask
);
153 saved_gfp_mask
= gfp_allowed_mask
;
154 gfp_allowed_mask
&= ~GFP_IOFS
;
157 bool pm_suspended_storage(void)
159 if ((gfp_allowed_mask
& GFP_IOFS
) == GFP_IOFS
)
163 #endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */
165 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE
166 int pageblock_order __read_mostly
;
169 static void __free_pages_ok(struct page
*page
, unsigned int order
);
172 * results with 256, 32 in the lowmem_reserve sysctl:
173 * 1G machine -> (16M dma, 800M-16M normal, 1G-800M high)
174 * 1G machine -> (16M dma, 784M normal, 224M high)
175 * NORMAL allocation will leave 784M/256 of ram reserved in the ZONE_DMA
176 * HIGHMEM allocation will leave 224M/32 of ram reserved in ZONE_NORMAL
177 * HIGHMEM allocation will leave (224M+784M)/256 of ram reserved in ZONE_DMA
179 * TBD: should special case ZONE_DMA32 machines here - in those we normally
180 * don't need any ZONE_NORMAL reservation
182 int sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio
[MAX_NR_ZONES
-1] = {
183 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
186 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
189 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
195 EXPORT_SYMBOL(totalram_pages
);
197 static char * const zone_names
[MAX_NR_ZONES
] = {
198 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
201 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
205 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
211 int min_free_kbytes
= 1024;
212 int user_min_free_kbytes
= -1;
214 static unsigned long __meminitdata nr_kernel_pages
;
215 static unsigned long __meminitdata nr_all_pages
;
216 static unsigned long __meminitdata dma_reserve
;
218 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
219 static unsigned long __meminitdata arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
220 static unsigned long __meminitdata arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
221 static unsigned long __initdata required_kernelcore
;
222 static unsigned long __initdata required_movablecore
;
223 static unsigned long __meminitdata zone_movable_pfn
[MAX_NUMNODES
];
225 /* movable_zone is the "real" zone pages in ZONE_MOVABLE are taken from */
227 EXPORT_SYMBOL(movable_zone
);
228 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */
231 int nr_node_ids __read_mostly
= MAX_NUMNODES
;
232 int nr_online_nodes __read_mostly
= 1;
233 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_node_ids
);
234 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_online_nodes
);
237 int page_group_by_mobility_disabled __read_mostly
;
239 #ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
240 static inline void reset_deferred_meminit(pg_data_t
*pgdat
)
242 pgdat
->first_deferred_pfn
= ULONG_MAX
;
245 /* Returns true if the struct page for the pfn is uninitialised */
246 static inline bool __meminit
early_page_uninitialised(unsigned long pfn
)
248 if (pfn
>= NODE_DATA(early_pfn_to_nid(pfn
))->first_deferred_pfn
)
254 static inline bool early_page_nid_uninitialised(unsigned long pfn
, int nid
)
256 if (pfn
>= NODE_DATA(nid
)->first_deferred_pfn
)
263 * Returns false when the remaining initialisation should be deferred until
264 * later in the boot cycle when it can be parallelised.
266 static inline bool update_defer_init(pg_data_t
*pgdat
,
267 unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long zone_end
,
268 unsigned long *nr_initialised
)
270 /* Always populate low zones for address-contrained allocations */
271 if (zone_end
< pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat
))
274 /* Initialise at least 2G of the highest zone */
276 if (*nr_initialised
> (2UL << (30 - PAGE_SHIFT
)) &&
277 (pfn
& (PAGES_PER_SECTION
- 1)) == 0) {
278 pgdat
->first_deferred_pfn
= pfn
;
285 static inline void reset_deferred_meminit(pg_data_t
*pgdat
)
289 static inline bool early_page_uninitialised(unsigned long pfn
)
294 static inline bool early_page_nid_uninitialised(unsigned long pfn
, int nid
)
299 static inline bool update_defer_init(pg_data_t
*pgdat
,
300 unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long zone_end
,
301 unsigned long *nr_initialised
)
308 void set_pageblock_migratetype(struct page
*page
, int migratetype
)
310 if (unlikely(page_group_by_mobility_disabled
&&
311 migratetype
< MIGRATE_PCPTYPES
))
312 migratetype
= MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE
;
314 set_pageblock_flags_group(page
, (unsigned long)migratetype
,
315 PB_migrate
, PB_migrate_end
);
318 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
319 static int page_outside_zone_boundaries(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
)
323 unsigned long pfn
= page_to_pfn(page
);
324 unsigned long sp
, start_pfn
;
327 seq
= zone_span_seqbegin(zone
);
328 start_pfn
= zone
->zone_start_pfn
;
329 sp
= zone
->spanned_pages
;
330 if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone
, pfn
))
332 } while (zone_span_seqretry(zone
, seq
));
335 pr_err("page 0x%lx outside node %d zone %s [ 0x%lx - 0x%lx ]\n",
336 pfn
, zone_to_nid(zone
), zone
->name
,
337 start_pfn
, start_pfn
+ sp
);
342 static int page_is_consistent(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
)
344 if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(page
)))
346 if (zone
!= page_zone(page
))
352 * Temporary debugging check for pages not lying within a given zone.
354 static int bad_range(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
)
356 if (page_outside_zone_boundaries(zone
, page
))
358 if (!page_is_consistent(zone
, page
))
364 static inline int bad_range(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
)
370 static void bad_page(struct page
*page
, const char *reason
,
371 unsigned long bad_flags
)
373 static unsigned long resume
;
374 static unsigned long nr_shown
;
375 static unsigned long nr_unshown
;
377 /* Don't complain about poisoned pages */
378 if (PageHWPoison(page
)) {
379 page_mapcount_reset(page
); /* remove PageBuddy */
384 * Allow a burst of 60 reports, then keep quiet for that minute;
385 * or allow a steady drip of one report per second.
387 if (nr_shown
== 60) {
388 if (time_before(jiffies
, resume
)) {
394 "BUG: Bad page state: %lu messages suppressed\n",
401 resume
= jiffies
+ 60 * HZ
;
403 printk(KERN_ALERT
"BUG: Bad page state in process %s pfn:%05lx\n",
404 current
->comm
, page_to_pfn(page
));
405 dump_page_badflags(page
, reason
, bad_flags
);
410 /* Leave bad fields for debug, except PageBuddy could make trouble */
411 page_mapcount_reset(page
); /* remove PageBuddy */
412 add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE
, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE
);
416 * Higher-order pages are called "compound pages". They are structured thusly:
418 * The first PAGE_SIZE page is called the "head page".
420 * The remaining PAGE_SIZE pages are called "tail pages".
422 * All pages have PG_compound set. All tail pages have their ->first_page
423 * pointing at the head page.
425 * The first tail page's ->lru.next holds the address of the compound page's
426 * put_page() function. Its ->lru.prev holds the order of allocation.
427 * This usage means that zero-order pages may not be compound.
430 static void free_compound_page(struct page
*page
)
432 __free_pages_ok(page
, compound_order(page
));
435 void prep_compound_page(struct page
*page
, unsigned long order
)
438 int nr_pages
= 1 << order
;
440 set_compound_page_dtor(page
, free_compound_page
);
441 set_compound_order(page
, order
);
443 for (i
= 1; i
< nr_pages
; i
++) {
444 struct page
*p
= page
+ i
;
445 set_page_count(p
, 0);
446 p
->first_page
= page
;
447 /* Make sure p->first_page is always valid for PageTail() */
453 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
454 unsigned int _debug_guardpage_minorder
;
455 bool _debug_pagealloc_enabled __read_mostly
;
456 bool _debug_guardpage_enabled __read_mostly
;
458 static int __init
early_debug_pagealloc(char *buf
)
463 if (strcmp(buf
, "on") == 0)
464 _debug_pagealloc_enabled
= true;
468 early_param("debug_pagealloc", early_debug_pagealloc
);
470 static bool need_debug_guardpage(void)
472 /* If we don't use debug_pagealloc, we don't need guard page */
473 if (!debug_pagealloc_enabled())
479 static void init_debug_guardpage(void)
481 if (!debug_pagealloc_enabled())
484 _debug_guardpage_enabled
= true;
487 struct page_ext_operations debug_guardpage_ops
= {
488 .need
= need_debug_guardpage
,
489 .init
= init_debug_guardpage
,
492 static int __init
debug_guardpage_minorder_setup(char *buf
)
496 if (kstrtoul(buf
, 10, &res
) < 0 || res
> MAX_ORDER
/ 2) {
497 printk(KERN_ERR
"Bad debug_guardpage_minorder value\n");
500 _debug_guardpage_minorder
= res
;
501 printk(KERN_INFO
"Setting debug_guardpage_minorder to %lu\n", res
);
504 __setup("debug_guardpage_minorder=", debug_guardpage_minorder_setup
);
506 static inline void set_page_guard(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
,
507 unsigned int order
, int migratetype
)
509 struct page_ext
*page_ext
;
511 if (!debug_guardpage_enabled())
514 page_ext
= lookup_page_ext(page
);
515 __set_bit(PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_GUARD
, &page_ext
->flags
);
517 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page
->lru
);
518 set_page_private(page
, order
);
519 /* Guard pages are not available for any usage */
520 __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone
, -(1 << order
), migratetype
);
523 static inline void clear_page_guard(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
,
524 unsigned int order
, int migratetype
)
526 struct page_ext
*page_ext
;
528 if (!debug_guardpage_enabled())
531 page_ext
= lookup_page_ext(page
);
532 __clear_bit(PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_GUARD
, &page_ext
->flags
);
534 set_page_private(page
, 0);
535 if (!is_migrate_isolate(migratetype
))
536 __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone
, (1 << order
), migratetype
);
539 struct page_ext_operations debug_guardpage_ops
= { NULL
, };
540 static inline void set_page_guard(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
,
541 unsigned int order
, int migratetype
) {}
542 static inline void clear_page_guard(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
,
543 unsigned int order
, int migratetype
) {}
546 static inline void set_page_order(struct page
*page
, unsigned int order
)
548 set_page_private(page
, order
);
549 __SetPageBuddy(page
);
552 static inline void rmv_page_order(struct page
*page
)
554 __ClearPageBuddy(page
);
555 set_page_private(page
, 0);
559 * This function checks whether a page is free && is the buddy
560 * we can do coalesce a page and its buddy if
561 * (a) the buddy is not in a hole &&
562 * (b) the buddy is in the buddy system &&
563 * (c) a page and its buddy have the same order &&
564 * (d) a page and its buddy are in the same zone.
566 * For recording whether a page is in the buddy system, we set ->_mapcount
567 * PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE.
568 * Setting, clearing, and testing _mapcount PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE is
569 * serialized by zone->lock.
571 * For recording page's order, we use page_private(page).
573 static inline int page_is_buddy(struct page
*page
, struct page
*buddy
,
576 if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(buddy
)))
579 if (page_is_guard(buddy
) && page_order(buddy
) == order
) {
580 if (page_zone_id(page
) != page_zone_id(buddy
))
583 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(buddy
) != 0, buddy
);
588 if (PageBuddy(buddy
) && page_order(buddy
) == order
) {
590 * zone check is done late to avoid uselessly
591 * calculating zone/node ids for pages that could
594 if (page_zone_id(page
) != page_zone_id(buddy
))
597 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(buddy
) != 0, buddy
);
605 * Freeing function for a buddy system allocator.
607 * The concept of a buddy system is to maintain direct-mapped table
608 * (containing bit values) for memory blocks of various "orders".
609 * The bottom level table contains the map for the smallest allocatable
610 * units of memory (here, pages), and each level above it describes
611 * pairs of units from the levels below, hence, "buddies".
612 * At a high level, all that happens here is marking the table entry
613 * at the bottom level available, and propagating the changes upward
614 * as necessary, plus some accounting needed to play nicely with other
615 * parts of the VM system.
616 * At each level, we keep a list of pages, which are heads of continuous
617 * free pages of length of (1 << order) and marked with _mapcount
618 * PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE. Page's order is recorded in page_private(page)
620 * So when we are allocating or freeing one, we can derive the state of the
621 * other. That is, if we allocate a small block, and both were
622 * free, the remainder of the region must be split into blocks.
623 * If a block is freed, and its buddy is also free, then this
624 * triggers coalescing into a block of larger size.
629 static inline void __free_one_page(struct page
*page
,
631 struct zone
*zone
, unsigned int order
,
634 unsigned long page_idx
;
635 unsigned long combined_idx
;
636 unsigned long uninitialized_var(buddy_idx
);
638 int max_order
= MAX_ORDER
;
640 VM_BUG_ON(!zone_is_initialized(zone
));
641 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page
->flags
& PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP
, page
);
643 VM_BUG_ON(migratetype
== -1);
644 if (is_migrate_isolate(migratetype
)) {
646 * We restrict max order of merging to prevent merge
647 * between freepages on isolate pageblock and normal
648 * pageblock. Without this, pageblock isolation
649 * could cause incorrect freepage accounting.
651 max_order
= min(MAX_ORDER
, pageblock_order
+ 1);
653 __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone
, 1 << order
, migratetype
);
656 page_idx
= pfn
& ((1 << max_order
) - 1);
658 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_idx
& ((1 << order
) - 1), page
);
659 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(bad_range(zone
, page
), page
);
661 while (order
< max_order
- 1) {
662 buddy_idx
= __find_buddy_index(page_idx
, order
);
663 buddy
= page
+ (buddy_idx
- page_idx
);
664 if (!page_is_buddy(page
, buddy
, order
))
667 * Our buddy is free or it is CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC guard page,
668 * merge with it and move up one order.
670 if (page_is_guard(buddy
)) {
671 clear_page_guard(zone
, buddy
, order
, migratetype
);
673 list_del(&buddy
->lru
);
674 zone
->free_area
[order
].nr_free
--;
675 rmv_page_order(buddy
);
677 combined_idx
= buddy_idx
& page_idx
;
678 page
= page
+ (combined_idx
- page_idx
);
679 page_idx
= combined_idx
;
682 set_page_order(page
, order
);
685 * If this is not the largest possible page, check if the buddy
686 * of the next-highest order is free. If it is, it's possible
687 * that pages are being freed that will coalesce soon. In case,
688 * that is happening, add the free page to the tail of the list
689 * so it's less likely to be used soon and more likely to be merged
690 * as a higher order page
692 if ((order
< MAX_ORDER
-2) && pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(buddy
))) {
693 struct page
*higher_page
, *higher_buddy
;
694 combined_idx
= buddy_idx
& page_idx
;
695 higher_page
= page
+ (combined_idx
- page_idx
);
696 buddy_idx
= __find_buddy_index(combined_idx
, order
+ 1);
697 higher_buddy
= higher_page
+ (buddy_idx
- combined_idx
);
698 if (page_is_buddy(higher_page
, higher_buddy
, order
+ 1)) {
699 list_add_tail(&page
->lru
,
700 &zone
->free_area
[order
].free_list
[migratetype
]);
705 list_add(&page
->lru
, &zone
->free_area
[order
].free_list
[migratetype
]);
707 zone
->free_area
[order
].nr_free
++;
710 static inline int free_pages_check(struct page
*page
)
712 const char *bad_reason
= NULL
;
713 unsigned long bad_flags
= 0;
715 if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page
)))
716 bad_reason
= "nonzero mapcount";
717 if (unlikely(page
->mapping
!= NULL
))
718 bad_reason
= "non-NULL mapping";
719 if (unlikely(atomic_read(&page
->_count
) != 0))
720 bad_reason
= "nonzero _count";
721 if (unlikely(page
->flags
& PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE
)) {
722 bad_reason
= "PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE flag(s) set";
723 bad_flags
= PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE
;
726 if (unlikely(page
->mem_cgroup
))
727 bad_reason
= "page still charged to cgroup";
729 if (unlikely(bad_reason
)) {
730 bad_page(page
, bad_reason
, bad_flags
);
733 page_cpupid_reset_last(page
);
734 if (page
->flags
& PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP
)
735 page
->flags
&= ~PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP
;
740 * Frees a number of pages from the PCP lists
741 * Assumes all pages on list are in same zone, and of same order.
742 * count is the number of pages to free.
744 * If the zone was previously in an "all pages pinned" state then look to
745 * see if this freeing clears that state.
747 * And clear the zone's pages_scanned counter, to hold off the "all pages are
748 * pinned" detection logic.
750 static void free_pcppages_bulk(struct zone
*zone
, int count
,
751 struct per_cpu_pages
*pcp
)
756 unsigned long nr_scanned
;
758 spin_lock(&zone
->lock
);
759 nr_scanned
= zone_page_state(zone
, NR_PAGES_SCANNED
);
761 __mod_zone_page_state(zone
, NR_PAGES_SCANNED
, -nr_scanned
);
765 struct list_head
*list
;
768 * Remove pages from lists in a round-robin fashion. A
769 * batch_free count is maintained that is incremented when an
770 * empty list is encountered. This is so more pages are freed
771 * off fuller lists instead of spinning excessively around empty
776 if (++migratetype
== MIGRATE_PCPTYPES
)
778 list
= &pcp
->lists
[migratetype
];
779 } while (list_empty(list
));
781 /* This is the only non-empty list. Free them all. */
782 if (batch_free
== MIGRATE_PCPTYPES
)
783 batch_free
= to_free
;
786 int mt
; /* migratetype of the to-be-freed page */
788 page
= list_entry(list
->prev
, struct page
, lru
);
789 /* must delete as __free_one_page list manipulates */
790 list_del(&page
->lru
);
791 mt
= get_freepage_migratetype(page
);
792 if (unlikely(has_isolate_pageblock(zone
)))
793 mt
= get_pageblock_migratetype(page
);
795 /* MIGRATE_MOVABLE list may include MIGRATE_RESERVEs */
796 __free_one_page(page
, page_to_pfn(page
), zone
, 0, mt
);
797 trace_mm_page_pcpu_drain(page
, 0, mt
);
798 } while (--to_free
&& --batch_free
&& !list_empty(list
));
800 spin_unlock(&zone
->lock
);
803 static void free_one_page(struct zone
*zone
,
804 struct page
*page
, unsigned long pfn
,
808 unsigned long nr_scanned
;
809 spin_lock(&zone
->lock
);
810 nr_scanned
= zone_page_state(zone
, NR_PAGES_SCANNED
);
812 __mod_zone_page_state(zone
, NR_PAGES_SCANNED
, -nr_scanned
);
814 if (unlikely(has_isolate_pageblock(zone
) ||
815 is_migrate_isolate(migratetype
))) {
816 migratetype
= get_pfnblock_migratetype(page
, pfn
);
818 __free_one_page(page
, pfn
, zone
, order
, migratetype
);
819 spin_unlock(&zone
->lock
);
822 static int free_tail_pages_check(struct page
*head_page
, struct page
*page
)
824 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
))
826 if (unlikely(!PageTail(page
))) {
827 bad_page(page
, "PageTail not set", 0);
830 if (unlikely(page
->first_page
!= head_page
)) {
831 bad_page(page
, "first_page not consistent", 0);
837 static void __meminit
__init_single_page(struct page
*page
, unsigned long pfn
,
838 unsigned long zone
, int nid
)
840 set_page_links(page
, zone
, nid
, pfn
);
841 init_page_count(page
);
842 page_mapcount_reset(page
);
843 page_cpupid_reset_last(page
);
845 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page
->lru
);
846 #ifdef WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL
847 /* The shift won't overflow because ZONE_NORMAL is below 4G. */
848 if (!is_highmem_idx(zone
))
849 set_page_address(page
, __va(pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
));
853 static void __meminit
__init_single_pfn(unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long zone
,
856 return __init_single_page(pfn_to_page(pfn
), pfn
, zone
, nid
);
859 #ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
860 static void init_reserved_page(unsigned long pfn
)
865 if (!early_page_uninitialised(pfn
))
868 nid
= early_pfn_to_nid(pfn
);
869 pgdat
= NODE_DATA(nid
);
871 for (zid
= 0; zid
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; zid
++) {
872 struct zone
*zone
= &pgdat
->node_zones
[zid
];
874 if (pfn
>= zone
->zone_start_pfn
&& pfn
< zone_end_pfn(zone
))
877 __init_single_pfn(pfn
, zid
, nid
);
880 static inline void init_reserved_page(unsigned long pfn
)
883 #endif /* CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT */
886 * Initialised pages do not have PageReserved set. This function is
887 * called for each range allocated by the bootmem allocator and
888 * marks the pages PageReserved. The remaining valid pages are later
889 * sent to the buddy page allocator.
891 void __meminit
reserve_bootmem_region(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
893 unsigned long start_pfn
= PFN_DOWN(start
);
894 unsigned long end_pfn
= PFN_UP(end
);
896 for (; start_pfn
< end_pfn
; start_pfn
++) {
897 if (pfn_valid(start_pfn
)) {
898 struct page
*page
= pfn_to_page(start_pfn
);
900 init_reserved_page(start_pfn
);
901 SetPageReserved(page
);
906 static bool free_pages_prepare(struct page
*page
, unsigned int order
)
908 bool compound
= PageCompound(page
);
911 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageTail(page
), page
);
912 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(compound
&& compound_order(page
) != order
, page
);
914 trace_mm_page_free(page
, order
);
915 kmemcheck_free_shadow(page
, order
);
916 kasan_free_pages(page
, order
);
919 page
->mapping
= NULL
;
920 bad
+= free_pages_check(page
);
921 for (i
= 1; i
< (1 << order
); i
++) {
923 bad
+= free_tail_pages_check(page
, page
+ i
);
924 bad
+= free_pages_check(page
+ i
);
929 reset_page_owner(page
, order
);
931 if (!PageHighMem(page
)) {
932 debug_check_no_locks_freed(page_address(page
),
934 debug_check_no_obj_freed(page_address(page
),
937 arch_free_page(page
, order
);
938 kernel_map_pages(page
, 1 << order
, 0);
943 static void __free_pages_ok(struct page
*page
, unsigned int order
)
947 unsigned long pfn
= page_to_pfn(page
);
949 if (!free_pages_prepare(page
, order
))
952 migratetype
= get_pfnblock_migratetype(page
, pfn
);
953 local_irq_save(flags
);
954 __count_vm_events(PGFREE
, 1 << order
);
955 set_freepage_migratetype(page
, migratetype
);
956 free_one_page(page_zone(page
), page
, pfn
, order
, migratetype
);
957 local_irq_restore(flags
);
960 static void __init
__free_pages_boot_core(struct page
*page
,
961 unsigned long pfn
, unsigned int order
)
963 unsigned int nr_pages
= 1 << order
;
964 struct page
*p
= page
;
968 for (loop
= 0; loop
< (nr_pages
- 1); loop
++, p
++) {
970 __ClearPageReserved(p
);
971 set_page_count(p
, 0);
973 __ClearPageReserved(p
);
974 set_page_count(p
, 0);
976 page_zone(page
)->managed_pages
+= nr_pages
;
977 set_page_refcounted(page
);
978 __free_pages(page
, order
);
981 #if defined(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID) || \
982 defined(CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP)
984 static struct mminit_pfnnid_cache early_pfnnid_cache __meminitdata
;
986 int __meminit
early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn
)
988 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(early_pfn_lock
);
991 spin_lock(&early_pfn_lock
);
992 nid
= __early_pfn_to_nid(pfn
, &early_pfnnid_cache
);
995 spin_unlock(&early_pfn_lock
);
1001 #ifdef CONFIG_NODES_SPAN_OTHER_NODES
1002 static inline bool __meminit
meminit_pfn_in_nid(unsigned long pfn
, int node
,
1003 struct mminit_pfnnid_cache
*state
)
1007 nid
= __early_pfn_to_nid(pfn
, state
);
1008 if (nid
>= 0 && nid
!= node
)
1013 /* Only safe to use early in boot when initialisation is single-threaded */
1014 static inline bool __meminit
early_pfn_in_nid(unsigned long pfn
, int node
)
1016 return meminit_pfn_in_nid(pfn
, node
, &early_pfnnid_cache
);
1021 static inline bool __meminit
early_pfn_in_nid(unsigned long pfn
, int node
)
1025 static inline bool __meminit
meminit_pfn_in_nid(unsigned long pfn
, int node
,
1026 struct mminit_pfnnid_cache
*state
)
1033 void __init
__free_pages_bootmem(struct page
*page
, unsigned long pfn
,
1036 if (early_page_uninitialised(pfn
))
1038 return __free_pages_boot_core(page
, pfn
, order
);
1041 #ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
1042 static void __init
deferred_free_range(struct page
*page
,
1043 unsigned long pfn
, int nr_pages
)
1050 /* Free a large naturally-aligned chunk if possible */
1051 if (nr_pages
== MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
&&
1052 (pfn
& (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
-1)) == 0) {
1053 set_pageblock_migratetype(page
, MIGRATE_MOVABLE
);
1054 __free_pages_boot_core(page
, pfn
, MAX_ORDER
-1);
1058 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_pages
; i
++, page
++, pfn
++)
1059 __free_pages_boot_core(page
, pfn
, 0);
1062 /* Completion tracking for deferred_init_memmap() threads */
1063 static atomic_t pgdat_init_n_undone __initdata
;
1064 static __initdata
DECLARE_COMPLETION(pgdat_init_all_done_comp
);
1066 static inline void __init
pgdat_init_report_one_done(void)
1068 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&pgdat_init_n_undone
))
1069 complete(&pgdat_init_all_done_comp
);
1072 /* Initialise remaining memory on a node */
1073 static int __init
deferred_init_memmap(void *data
)
1075 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= data
;
1076 int nid
= pgdat
->node_id
;
1077 struct mminit_pfnnid_cache nid_init_state
= { };
1078 unsigned long start
= jiffies
;
1079 unsigned long nr_pages
= 0;
1080 unsigned long walk_start
, walk_end
;
1083 unsigned long first_init_pfn
= pgdat
->first_deferred_pfn
;
1084 const struct cpumask
*cpumask
= cpumask_of_node(pgdat
->node_id
);
1086 if (first_init_pfn
== ULONG_MAX
) {
1087 pgdat_init_report_one_done();
1091 /* Bind memory initialisation thread to a local node if possible */
1092 if (!cpumask_empty(cpumask
))
1093 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current
, cpumask
);
1095 /* Sanity check boundaries */
1096 BUG_ON(pgdat
->first_deferred_pfn
< pgdat
->node_start_pfn
);
1097 BUG_ON(pgdat
->first_deferred_pfn
> pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat
));
1098 pgdat
->first_deferred_pfn
= ULONG_MAX
;
1100 /* Only the highest zone is deferred so find it */
1101 for (zid
= 0; zid
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; zid
++) {
1102 zone
= pgdat
->node_zones
+ zid
;
1103 if (first_init_pfn
< zone_end_pfn(zone
))
1107 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i
, nid
, &walk_start
, &walk_end
, NULL
) {
1108 unsigned long pfn
, end_pfn
;
1109 struct page
*page
= NULL
;
1110 struct page
*free_base_page
= NULL
;
1111 unsigned long free_base_pfn
= 0;
1114 end_pfn
= min(walk_end
, zone_end_pfn(zone
));
1115 pfn
= first_init_pfn
;
1116 if (pfn
< walk_start
)
1118 if (pfn
< zone
->zone_start_pfn
)
1119 pfn
= zone
->zone_start_pfn
;
1121 for (; pfn
< end_pfn
; pfn
++) {
1122 if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn
))
1126 * Ensure pfn_valid is checked every
1127 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES for memory holes
1129 if ((pfn
& (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
- 1)) == 0) {
1130 if (!pfn_valid(pfn
)) {
1136 if (!meminit_pfn_in_nid(pfn
, nid
, &nid_init_state
)) {
1141 /* Minimise pfn page lookups and scheduler checks */
1142 if (page
&& (pfn
& (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
- 1)) != 0) {
1145 nr_pages
+= nr_to_free
;
1146 deferred_free_range(free_base_page
,
1147 free_base_pfn
, nr_to_free
);
1148 free_base_page
= NULL
;
1149 free_base_pfn
= nr_to_free
= 0;
1151 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn
);
1156 VM_BUG_ON(page_zone(page
) != zone
);
1160 __init_single_page(page
, pfn
, zid
, nid
);
1161 if (!free_base_page
) {
1162 free_base_page
= page
;
1163 free_base_pfn
= pfn
;
1168 /* Where possible, batch up pages for a single free */
1171 /* Free the current block of pages to allocator */
1172 nr_pages
+= nr_to_free
;
1173 deferred_free_range(free_base_page
, free_base_pfn
,
1175 free_base_page
= NULL
;
1176 free_base_pfn
= nr_to_free
= 0;
1179 first_init_pfn
= max(end_pfn
, first_init_pfn
);
1182 /* Sanity check that the next zone really is unpopulated */
1183 WARN_ON(++zid
< MAX_NR_ZONES
&& populated_zone(++zone
));
1185 pr_info("node %d initialised, %lu pages in %ums\n", nid
, nr_pages
,
1186 jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies
- start
));
1188 pgdat_init_report_one_done();
1192 void __init
page_alloc_init_late(void)
1196 /* There will be num_node_state(N_MEMORY) threads */
1197 atomic_set(&pgdat_init_n_undone
, num_node_state(N_MEMORY
));
1198 for_each_node_state(nid
, N_MEMORY
) {
1199 kthread_run(deferred_init_memmap
, NODE_DATA(nid
), "pgdatinit%d", nid
);
1202 /* Block until all are initialised */
1203 wait_for_completion(&pgdat_init_all_done_comp
);
1205 #endif /* CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT */
1208 /* Free whole pageblock and set its migration type to MIGRATE_CMA. */
1209 void __init
init_cma_reserved_pageblock(struct page
*page
)
1211 unsigned i
= pageblock_nr_pages
;
1212 struct page
*p
= page
;
1215 __ClearPageReserved(p
);
1216 set_page_count(p
, 0);
1219 set_pageblock_migratetype(page
, MIGRATE_CMA
);
1221 if (pageblock_order
>= MAX_ORDER
) {
1222 i
= pageblock_nr_pages
;
1225 set_page_refcounted(p
);
1226 __free_pages(p
, MAX_ORDER
- 1);
1227 p
+= MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
;
1228 } while (i
-= MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
1230 set_page_refcounted(page
);
1231 __free_pages(page
, pageblock_order
);
1234 adjust_managed_page_count(page
, pageblock_nr_pages
);
1239 * The order of subdivision here is critical for the IO subsystem.
1240 * Please do not alter this order without good reasons and regression
1241 * testing. Specifically, as large blocks of memory are subdivided,
1242 * the order in which smaller blocks are delivered depends on the order
1243 * they're subdivided in this function. This is the primary factor
1244 * influencing the order in which pages are delivered to the IO
1245 * subsystem according to empirical testing, and this is also justified
1246 * by considering the behavior of a buddy system containing a single
1247 * large block of memory acted on by a series of small allocations.
1248 * This behavior is a critical factor in sglist merging's success.
1252 static inline void expand(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
,
1253 int low
, int high
, struct free_area
*area
,
1256 unsigned long size
= 1 << high
;
1258 while (high
> low
) {
1262 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(bad_range(zone
, &page
[size
]), &page
[size
]);
1264 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
) &&
1265 debug_guardpage_enabled() &&
1266 high
< debug_guardpage_minorder()) {
1268 * Mark as guard pages (or page), that will allow to
1269 * merge back to allocator when buddy will be freed.
1270 * Corresponding page table entries will not be touched,
1271 * pages will stay not present in virtual address space
1273 set_page_guard(zone
, &page
[size
], high
, migratetype
);
1276 list_add(&page
[size
].lru
, &area
->free_list
[migratetype
]);
1278 set_page_order(&page
[size
], high
);
1283 * This page is about to be returned from the page allocator
1285 static inline int check_new_page(struct page
*page
)
1287 const char *bad_reason
= NULL
;
1288 unsigned long bad_flags
= 0;
1290 if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page
)))
1291 bad_reason
= "nonzero mapcount";
1292 if (unlikely(page
->mapping
!= NULL
))
1293 bad_reason
= "non-NULL mapping";
1294 if (unlikely(atomic_read(&page
->_count
) != 0))
1295 bad_reason
= "nonzero _count";
1296 if (unlikely(page
->flags
& PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP
)) {
1297 bad_reason
= "PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP flag set";
1298 bad_flags
= PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP
;
1301 if (unlikely(page
->mem_cgroup
))
1302 bad_reason
= "page still charged to cgroup";
1304 if (unlikely(bad_reason
)) {
1305 bad_page(page
, bad_reason
, bad_flags
);
1311 static int prep_new_page(struct page
*page
, unsigned int order
, gfp_t gfp_flags
,
1316 for (i
= 0; i
< (1 << order
); i
++) {
1317 struct page
*p
= page
+ i
;
1318 if (unlikely(check_new_page(p
)))
1322 set_page_private(page
, 0);
1323 set_page_refcounted(page
);
1325 arch_alloc_page(page
, order
);
1326 kernel_map_pages(page
, 1 << order
, 1);
1327 kasan_alloc_pages(page
, order
);
1329 if (gfp_flags
& __GFP_ZERO
)
1330 for (i
= 0; i
< (1 << order
); i
++)
1331 clear_highpage(page
+ i
);
1333 if (order
&& (gfp_flags
& __GFP_COMP
))
1334 prep_compound_page(page
, order
);
1336 set_page_owner(page
, order
, gfp_flags
);
1339 * page->pfmemalloc is set when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was necessary to
1340 * allocate the page. The expectation is that the caller is taking
1341 * steps that will free more memory. The caller should avoid the page
1342 * being used for !PFMEMALLOC purposes.
1344 page
->pfmemalloc
= !!(alloc_flags
& ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
);
1350 * Go through the free lists for the given migratetype and remove
1351 * the smallest available page from the freelists
1354 struct page
*__rmqueue_smallest(struct zone
*zone
, unsigned int order
,
1357 unsigned int current_order
;
1358 struct free_area
*area
;
1361 /* Find a page of the appropriate size in the preferred list */
1362 for (current_order
= order
; current_order
< MAX_ORDER
; ++current_order
) {
1363 area
= &(zone
->free_area
[current_order
]);
1364 if (list_empty(&area
->free_list
[migratetype
]))
1367 page
= list_entry(area
->free_list
[migratetype
].next
,
1369 list_del(&page
->lru
);
1370 rmv_page_order(page
);
1372 expand(zone
, page
, order
, current_order
, area
, migratetype
);
1373 set_freepage_migratetype(page
, migratetype
);
1382 * This array describes the order lists are fallen back to when
1383 * the free lists for the desirable migrate type are depleted
1385 static int fallbacks
[MIGRATE_TYPES
][4] = {
1386 [MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE
] = { MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE
, MIGRATE_MOVABLE
, MIGRATE_RESERVE
},
1387 [MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE
] = { MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE
, MIGRATE_MOVABLE
, MIGRATE_RESERVE
},
1388 [MIGRATE_MOVABLE
] = { MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE
, MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE
, MIGRATE_RESERVE
},
1390 [MIGRATE_CMA
] = { MIGRATE_RESERVE
}, /* Never used */
1392 [MIGRATE_RESERVE
] = { MIGRATE_RESERVE
}, /* Never used */
1393 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION
1394 [MIGRATE_ISOLATE
] = { MIGRATE_RESERVE
}, /* Never used */
1399 static struct page
*__rmqueue_cma_fallback(struct zone
*zone
,
1402 return __rmqueue_smallest(zone
, order
, MIGRATE_CMA
);
1405 static inline struct page
*__rmqueue_cma_fallback(struct zone
*zone
,
1406 unsigned int order
) { return NULL
; }
1410 * Move the free pages in a range to the free lists of the requested type.
1411 * Note that start_page and end_pages are not aligned on a pageblock
1412 * boundary. If alignment is required, use move_freepages_block()
1414 int move_freepages(struct zone
*zone
,
1415 struct page
*start_page
, struct page
*end_page
,
1419 unsigned long order
;
1420 int pages_moved
= 0;
1422 #ifndef CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE
1424 * page_zone is not safe to call in this context when
1425 * CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE is set. This bug check is probably redundant
1426 * anyway as we check zone boundaries in move_freepages_block().
1427 * Remove at a later date when no bug reports exist related to
1428 * grouping pages by mobility
1430 VM_BUG_ON(page_zone(start_page
) != page_zone(end_page
));
1433 for (page
= start_page
; page
<= end_page
;) {
1434 /* Make sure we are not inadvertently changing nodes */
1435 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_to_nid(page
) != zone_to_nid(zone
), page
);
1437 if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(page
))) {
1442 if (!PageBuddy(page
)) {
1447 order
= page_order(page
);
1448 list_move(&page
->lru
,
1449 &zone
->free_area
[order
].free_list
[migratetype
]);
1450 set_freepage_migratetype(page
, migratetype
);
1452 pages_moved
+= 1 << order
;
1458 int move_freepages_block(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
,
1461 unsigned long start_pfn
, end_pfn
;
1462 struct page
*start_page
, *end_page
;
1464 start_pfn
= page_to_pfn(page
);
1465 start_pfn
= start_pfn
& ~(pageblock_nr_pages
-1);
1466 start_page
= pfn_to_page(start_pfn
);
1467 end_page
= start_page
+ pageblock_nr_pages
- 1;
1468 end_pfn
= start_pfn
+ pageblock_nr_pages
- 1;
1470 /* Do not cross zone boundaries */
1471 if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone
, start_pfn
))
1473 if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone
, end_pfn
))
1476 return move_freepages(zone
, start_page
, end_page
, migratetype
);
1479 static void change_pageblock_range(struct page
*pageblock_page
,
1480 int start_order
, int migratetype
)
1482 int nr_pageblocks
= 1 << (start_order
- pageblock_order
);
1484 while (nr_pageblocks
--) {
1485 set_pageblock_migratetype(pageblock_page
, migratetype
);
1486 pageblock_page
+= pageblock_nr_pages
;
1491 * When we are falling back to another migratetype during allocation, try to
1492 * steal extra free pages from the same pageblocks to satisfy further
1493 * allocations, instead of polluting multiple pageblocks.
1495 * If we are stealing a relatively large buddy page, it is likely there will
1496 * be more free pages in the pageblock, so try to steal them all. For
1497 * reclaimable and unmovable allocations, we steal regardless of page size,
1498 * as fragmentation caused by those allocations polluting movable pageblocks
1499 * is worse than movable allocations stealing from unmovable and reclaimable
1502 static bool can_steal_fallback(unsigned int order
, int start_mt
)
1505 * Leaving this order check is intended, although there is
1506 * relaxed order check in next check. The reason is that
1507 * we can actually steal whole pageblock if this condition met,
1508 * but, below check doesn't guarantee it and that is just heuristic
1509 * so could be changed anytime.
1511 if (order
>= pageblock_order
)
1514 if (order
>= pageblock_order
/ 2 ||
1515 start_mt
== MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE
||
1516 start_mt
== MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE
||
1517 page_group_by_mobility_disabled
)
1524 * This function implements actual steal behaviour. If order is large enough,
1525 * we can steal whole pageblock. If not, we first move freepages in this
1526 * pageblock and check whether half of pages are moved or not. If half of
1527 * pages are moved, we can change migratetype of pageblock and permanently
1528 * use it's pages as requested migratetype in the future.
1530 static void steal_suitable_fallback(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
,
1533 int current_order
= page_order(page
);
1536 /* Take ownership for orders >= pageblock_order */
1537 if (current_order
>= pageblock_order
) {
1538 change_pageblock_range(page
, current_order
, start_type
);
1542 pages
= move_freepages_block(zone
, page
, start_type
);
1544 /* Claim the whole block if over half of it is free */
1545 if (pages
>= (1 << (pageblock_order
-1)) ||
1546 page_group_by_mobility_disabled
)
1547 set_pageblock_migratetype(page
, start_type
);
1551 * Check whether there is a suitable fallback freepage with requested order.
1552 * If only_stealable is true, this function returns fallback_mt only if
1553 * we can steal other freepages all together. This would help to reduce
1554 * fragmentation due to mixed migratetype pages in one pageblock.
1556 int find_suitable_fallback(struct free_area
*area
, unsigned int order
,
1557 int migratetype
, bool only_stealable
, bool *can_steal
)
1562 if (area
->nr_free
== 0)
1567 fallback_mt
= fallbacks
[migratetype
][i
];
1568 if (fallback_mt
== MIGRATE_RESERVE
)
1571 if (list_empty(&area
->free_list
[fallback_mt
]))
1574 if (can_steal_fallback(order
, migratetype
))
1577 if (!only_stealable
)
1587 /* Remove an element from the buddy allocator from the fallback list */
1588 static inline struct page
*
1589 __rmqueue_fallback(struct zone
*zone
, unsigned int order
, int start_migratetype
)
1591 struct free_area
*area
;
1592 unsigned int current_order
;
1597 /* Find the largest possible block of pages in the other list */
1598 for (current_order
= MAX_ORDER
-1;
1599 current_order
>= order
&& current_order
<= MAX_ORDER
-1;
1601 area
= &(zone
->free_area
[current_order
]);
1602 fallback_mt
= find_suitable_fallback(area
, current_order
,
1603 start_migratetype
, false, &can_steal
);
1604 if (fallback_mt
== -1)
1607 page
= list_entry(area
->free_list
[fallback_mt
].next
,
1610 steal_suitable_fallback(zone
, page
, start_migratetype
);
1612 /* Remove the page from the freelists */
1614 list_del(&page
->lru
);
1615 rmv_page_order(page
);
1617 expand(zone
, page
, order
, current_order
, area
,
1620 * The freepage_migratetype may differ from pageblock's
1621 * migratetype depending on the decisions in
1622 * try_to_steal_freepages(). This is OK as long as it
1623 * does not differ for MIGRATE_CMA pageblocks. For CMA
1624 * we need to make sure unallocated pages flushed from
1625 * pcp lists are returned to the correct freelist.
1627 set_freepage_migratetype(page
, start_migratetype
);
1629 trace_mm_page_alloc_extfrag(page
, order
, current_order
,
1630 start_migratetype
, fallback_mt
);
1639 * Do the hard work of removing an element from the buddy allocator.
1640 * Call me with the zone->lock already held.
1642 static struct page
*__rmqueue(struct zone
*zone
, unsigned int order
,
1648 page
= __rmqueue_smallest(zone
, order
, migratetype
);
1650 if (unlikely(!page
) && migratetype
!= MIGRATE_RESERVE
) {
1651 if (migratetype
== MIGRATE_MOVABLE
)
1652 page
= __rmqueue_cma_fallback(zone
, order
);
1655 page
= __rmqueue_fallback(zone
, order
, migratetype
);
1658 * Use MIGRATE_RESERVE rather than fail an allocation. goto
1659 * is used because __rmqueue_smallest is an inline function
1660 * and we want just one call site
1663 migratetype
= MIGRATE_RESERVE
;
1668 trace_mm_page_alloc_zone_locked(page
, order
, migratetype
);
1673 * Obtain a specified number of elements from the buddy allocator, all under
1674 * a single hold of the lock, for efficiency. Add them to the supplied list.
1675 * Returns the number of new pages which were placed at *list.
1677 static int rmqueue_bulk(struct zone
*zone
, unsigned int order
,
1678 unsigned long count
, struct list_head
*list
,
1679 int migratetype
, bool cold
)
1683 spin_lock(&zone
->lock
);
1684 for (i
= 0; i
< count
; ++i
) {
1685 struct page
*page
= __rmqueue(zone
, order
, migratetype
);
1686 if (unlikely(page
== NULL
))
1690 * Split buddy pages returned by expand() are received here
1691 * in physical page order. The page is added to the callers and
1692 * list and the list head then moves forward. From the callers
1693 * perspective, the linked list is ordered by page number in
1694 * some conditions. This is useful for IO devices that can
1695 * merge IO requests if the physical pages are ordered
1699 list_add(&page
->lru
, list
);
1701 list_add_tail(&page
->lru
, list
);
1703 if (is_migrate_cma(get_freepage_migratetype(page
)))
1704 __mod_zone_page_state(zone
, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES
,
1707 __mod_zone_page_state(zone
, NR_FREE_PAGES
, -(i
<< order
));
1708 spin_unlock(&zone
->lock
);
1714 * Called from the vmstat counter updater to drain pagesets of this
1715 * currently executing processor on remote nodes after they have
1718 * Note that this function must be called with the thread pinned to
1719 * a single processor.
1721 void drain_zone_pages(struct zone
*zone
, struct per_cpu_pages
*pcp
)
1723 unsigned long flags
;
1724 int to_drain
, batch
;
1726 local_irq_save(flags
);
1727 batch
= READ_ONCE(pcp
->batch
);
1728 to_drain
= min(pcp
->count
, batch
);
1730 free_pcppages_bulk(zone
, to_drain
, pcp
);
1731 pcp
->count
-= to_drain
;
1733 local_irq_restore(flags
);
1738 * Drain pcplists of the indicated processor and zone.
1740 * The processor must either be the current processor and the
1741 * thread pinned to the current processor or a processor that
1744 static void drain_pages_zone(unsigned int cpu
, struct zone
*zone
)
1746 unsigned long flags
;
1747 struct per_cpu_pageset
*pset
;
1748 struct per_cpu_pages
*pcp
;
1750 local_irq_save(flags
);
1751 pset
= per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, cpu
);
1755 free_pcppages_bulk(zone
, pcp
->count
, pcp
);
1758 local_irq_restore(flags
);
1762 * Drain pcplists of all zones on the indicated processor.
1764 * The processor must either be the current processor and the
1765 * thread pinned to the current processor or a processor that
1768 static void drain_pages(unsigned int cpu
)
1772 for_each_populated_zone(zone
) {
1773 drain_pages_zone(cpu
, zone
);
1778 * Spill all of this CPU's per-cpu pages back into the buddy allocator.
1780 * The CPU has to be pinned. When zone parameter is non-NULL, spill just
1781 * the single zone's pages.
1783 void drain_local_pages(struct zone
*zone
)
1785 int cpu
= smp_processor_id();
1788 drain_pages_zone(cpu
, zone
);
1794 * Spill all the per-cpu pages from all CPUs back into the buddy allocator.
1796 * When zone parameter is non-NULL, spill just the single zone's pages.
1798 * Note that this code is protected against sending an IPI to an offline
1799 * CPU but does not guarantee sending an IPI to newly hotplugged CPUs:
1800 * on_each_cpu_mask() blocks hotplug and won't talk to offlined CPUs but
1801 * nothing keeps CPUs from showing up after we populated the cpumask and
1802 * before the call to on_each_cpu_mask().
1804 void drain_all_pages(struct zone
*zone
)
1809 * Allocate in the BSS so we wont require allocation in
1810 * direct reclaim path for CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK=y
1812 static cpumask_t cpus_with_pcps
;
1815 * We don't care about racing with CPU hotplug event
1816 * as offline notification will cause the notified
1817 * cpu to drain that CPU pcps and on_each_cpu_mask
1818 * disables preemption as part of its processing
1820 for_each_online_cpu(cpu
) {
1821 struct per_cpu_pageset
*pcp
;
1823 bool has_pcps
= false;
1826 pcp
= per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, cpu
);
1830 for_each_populated_zone(z
) {
1831 pcp
= per_cpu_ptr(z
->pageset
, cpu
);
1832 if (pcp
->pcp
.count
) {
1840 cpumask_set_cpu(cpu
, &cpus_with_pcps
);
1842 cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu
, &cpus_with_pcps
);
1844 on_each_cpu_mask(&cpus_with_pcps
, (smp_call_func_t
) drain_local_pages
,
1848 #ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
1850 void mark_free_pages(struct zone
*zone
)
1852 unsigned long pfn
, max_zone_pfn
;
1853 unsigned long flags
;
1854 unsigned int order
, t
;
1855 struct list_head
*curr
;
1857 if (zone_is_empty(zone
))
1860 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
1862 max_zone_pfn
= zone_end_pfn(zone
);
1863 for (pfn
= zone
->zone_start_pfn
; pfn
< max_zone_pfn
; pfn
++)
1864 if (pfn_valid(pfn
)) {
1865 struct page
*page
= pfn_to_page(pfn
);
1867 if (!swsusp_page_is_forbidden(page
))
1868 swsusp_unset_page_free(page
);
1871 for_each_migratetype_order(order
, t
) {
1872 list_for_each(curr
, &zone
->free_area
[order
].free_list
[t
]) {
1875 pfn
= page_to_pfn(list_entry(curr
, struct page
, lru
));
1876 for (i
= 0; i
< (1UL << order
); i
++)
1877 swsusp_set_page_free(pfn_to_page(pfn
+ i
));
1880 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
1882 #endif /* CONFIG_PM */
1885 * Free a 0-order page
1886 * cold == true ? free a cold page : free a hot page
1888 void free_hot_cold_page(struct page
*page
, bool cold
)
1890 struct zone
*zone
= page_zone(page
);
1891 struct per_cpu_pages
*pcp
;
1892 unsigned long flags
;
1893 unsigned long pfn
= page_to_pfn(page
);
1896 if (!free_pages_prepare(page
, 0))
1899 migratetype
= get_pfnblock_migratetype(page
, pfn
);
1900 set_freepage_migratetype(page
, migratetype
);
1901 local_irq_save(flags
);
1902 __count_vm_event(PGFREE
);
1905 * We only track unmovable, reclaimable and movable on pcp lists.
1906 * Free ISOLATE pages back to the allocator because they are being
1907 * offlined but treat RESERVE as movable pages so we can get those
1908 * areas back if necessary. Otherwise, we may have to free
1909 * excessively into the page allocator
1911 if (migratetype
>= MIGRATE_PCPTYPES
) {
1912 if (unlikely(is_migrate_isolate(migratetype
))) {
1913 free_one_page(zone
, page
, pfn
, 0, migratetype
);
1916 migratetype
= MIGRATE_MOVABLE
;
1919 pcp
= &this_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
)->pcp
;
1921 list_add(&page
->lru
, &pcp
->lists
[migratetype
]);
1923 list_add_tail(&page
->lru
, &pcp
->lists
[migratetype
]);
1925 if (pcp
->count
>= pcp
->high
) {
1926 unsigned long batch
= READ_ONCE(pcp
->batch
);
1927 free_pcppages_bulk(zone
, batch
, pcp
);
1928 pcp
->count
-= batch
;
1932 local_irq_restore(flags
);
1936 * Free a list of 0-order pages
1938 void free_hot_cold_page_list(struct list_head
*list
, bool cold
)
1940 struct page
*page
, *next
;
1942 list_for_each_entry_safe(page
, next
, list
, lru
) {
1943 trace_mm_page_free_batched(page
, cold
);
1944 free_hot_cold_page(page
, cold
);
1949 * split_page takes a non-compound higher-order page, and splits it into
1950 * n (1<<order) sub-pages: page[0..n]
1951 * Each sub-page must be freed individually.
1953 * Note: this is probably too low level an operation for use in drivers.
1954 * Please consult with lkml before using this in your driver.
1956 void split_page(struct page
*page
, unsigned int order
)
1961 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageCompound(page
), page
);
1962 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!page_count(page
), page
);
1964 #ifdef CONFIG_KMEMCHECK
1966 * Split shadow pages too, because free(page[0]) would
1967 * otherwise free the whole shadow.
1969 if (kmemcheck_page_is_tracked(page
))
1970 split_page(virt_to_page(page
[0].shadow
), order
);
1973 gfp_mask
= get_page_owner_gfp(page
);
1974 set_page_owner(page
, 0, gfp_mask
);
1975 for (i
= 1; i
< (1 << order
); i
++) {
1976 set_page_refcounted(page
+ i
);
1977 set_page_owner(page
+ i
, 0, gfp_mask
);
1980 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(split_page
);
1982 int __isolate_free_page(struct page
*page
, unsigned int order
)
1984 unsigned long watermark
;
1988 BUG_ON(!PageBuddy(page
));
1990 zone
= page_zone(page
);
1991 mt
= get_pageblock_migratetype(page
);
1993 if (!is_migrate_isolate(mt
)) {
1994 /* Obey watermarks as if the page was being allocated */
1995 watermark
= low_wmark_pages(zone
) + (1 << order
);
1996 if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone
, 0, watermark
, 0, 0))
1999 __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone
, -(1UL << order
), mt
);
2002 /* Remove page from free list */
2003 list_del(&page
->lru
);
2004 zone
->free_area
[order
].nr_free
--;
2005 rmv_page_order(page
);
2007 set_page_owner(page
, order
, __GFP_MOVABLE
);
2009 /* Set the pageblock if the isolated page is at least a pageblock */
2010 if (order
>= pageblock_order
- 1) {
2011 struct page
*endpage
= page
+ (1 << order
) - 1;
2012 for (; page
< endpage
; page
+= pageblock_nr_pages
) {
2013 int mt
= get_pageblock_migratetype(page
);
2014 if (!is_migrate_isolate(mt
) && !is_migrate_cma(mt
))
2015 set_pageblock_migratetype(page
,
2021 return 1UL << order
;
2025 * Similar to split_page except the page is already free. As this is only
2026 * being used for migration, the migratetype of the block also changes.
2027 * As this is called with interrupts disabled, the caller is responsible
2028 * for calling arch_alloc_page() and kernel_map_page() after interrupts
2031 * Note: this is probably too low level an operation for use in drivers.
2032 * Please consult with lkml before using this in your driver.
2034 int split_free_page(struct page
*page
)
2039 order
= page_order(page
);
2041 nr_pages
= __isolate_free_page(page
, order
);
2045 /* Split into individual pages */
2046 set_page_refcounted(page
);
2047 split_page(page
, order
);
2052 * Allocate a page from the given zone. Use pcplists for order-0 allocations.
2055 struct page
*buffered_rmqueue(struct zone
*preferred_zone
,
2056 struct zone
*zone
, unsigned int order
,
2057 gfp_t gfp_flags
, int migratetype
)
2059 unsigned long flags
;
2061 bool cold
= ((gfp_flags
& __GFP_COLD
) != 0);
2063 if (likely(order
== 0)) {
2064 struct per_cpu_pages
*pcp
;
2065 struct list_head
*list
;
2067 local_irq_save(flags
);
2068 pcp
= &this_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
)->pcp
;
2069 list
= &pcp
->lists
[migratetype
];
2070 if (list_empty(list
)) {
2071 pcp
->count
+= rmqueue_bulk(zone
, 0,
2074 if (unlikely(list_empty(list
)))
2079 page
= list_entry(list
->prev
, struct page
, lru
);
2081 page
= list_entry(list
->next
, struct page
, lru
);
2083 list_del(&page
->lru
);
2086 if (unlikely(gfp_flags
& __GFP_NOFAIL
)) {
2088 * __GFP_NOFAIL is not to be used in new code.
2090 * All __GFP_NOFAIL callers should be fixed so that they
2091 * properly detect and handle allocation failures.
2093 * We most definitely don't want callers attempting to
2094 * allocate greater than order-1 page units with
2097 WARN_ON_ONCE(order
> 1);
2099 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
2100 page
= __rmqueue(zone
, order
, migratetype
);
2101 spin_unlock(&zone
->lock
);
2104 __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone
, -(1 << order
),
2105 get_freepage_migratetype(page
));
2108 __mod_zone_page_state(zone
, NR_ALLOC_BATCH
, -(1 << order
));
2109 if (atomic_long_read(&zone
->vm_stat
[NR_ALLOC_BATCH
]) <= 0 &&
2110 !test_bit(ZONE_FAIR_DEPLETED
, &zone
->flags
))
2111 set_bit(ZONE_FAIR_DEPLETED
, &zone
->flags
);
2113 __count_zone_vm_events(PGALLOC
, zone
, 1 << order
);
2114 zone_statistics(preferred_zone
, zone
, gfp_flags
);
2115 local_irq_restore(flags
);
2117 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(bad_range(zone
, page
), page
);
2121 local_irq_restore(flags
);
2125 #ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC
2128 struct fault_attr attr
;
2130 u32 ignore_gfp_highmem
;
2131 u32 ignore_gfp_wait
;
2133 } fail_page_alloc
= {
2134 .attr
= FAULT_ATTR_INITIALIZER
,
2135 .ignore_gfp_wait
= 1,
2136 .ignore_gfp_highmem
= 1,
2140 static int __init
setup_fail_page_alloc(char *str
)
2142 return setup_fault_attr(&fail_page_alloc
.attr
, str
);
2144 __setup("fail_page_alloc=", setup_fail_page_alloc
);
2146 static bool should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
)
2148 if (order
< fail_page_alloc
.min_order
)
2150 if (gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOFAIL
)
2152 if (fail_page_alloc
.ignore_gfp_highmem
&& (gfp_mask
& __GFP_HIGHMEM
))
2154 if (fail_page_alloc
.ignore_gfp_wait
&& (gfp_mask
& __GFP_WAIT
))
2157 return should_fail(&fail_page_alloc
.attr
, 1 << order
);
2160 #ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS
2162 static int __init
fail_page_alloc_debugfs(void)
2164 umode_t mode
= S_IFREG
| S_IRUSR
| S_IWUSR
;
2167 dir
= fault_create_debugfs_attr("fail_page_alloc", NULL
,
2168 &fail_page_alloc
.attr
);
2170 return PTR_ERR(dir
);
2172 if (!debugfs_create_bool("ignore-gfp-wait", mode
, dir
,
2173 &fail_page_alloc
.ignore_gfp_wait
))
2175 if (!debugfs_create_bool("ignore-gfp-highmem", mode
, dir
,
2176 &fail_page_alloc
.ignore_gfp_highmem
))
2178 if (!debugfs_create_u32("min-order", mode
, dir
,
2179 &fail_page_alloc
.min_order
))
2184 debugfs_remove_recursive(dir
);
2189 late_initcall(fail_page_alloc_debugfs
);
2191 #endif /* CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS */
2193 #else /* CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC */
2195 static inline bool should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
)
2200 #endif /* CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC */
2203 * Return true if free pages are above 'mark'. This takes into account the order
2204 * of the allocation.
2206 static bool __zone_watermark_ok(struct zone
*z
, unsigned int order
,
2207 unsigned long mark
, int classzone_idx
, int alloc_flags
,
2210 /* free_pages may go negative - that's OK */
2215 free_pages
-= (1 << order
) - 1;
2216 if (alloc_flags
& ALLOC_HIGH
)
2218 if (alloc_flags
& ALLOC_HARDER
)
2221 /* If allocation can't use CMA areas don't use free CMA pages */
2222 if (!(alloc_flags
& ALLOC_CMA
))
2223 free_cma
= zone_page_state(z
, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES
);
2226 if (free_pages
- free_cma
<= min
+ z
->lowmem_reserve
[classzone_idx
])
2228 for (o
= 0; o
< order
; o
++) {
2229 /* At the next order, this order's pages become unavailable */
2230 free_pages
-= z
->free_area
[o
].nr_free
<< o
;
2232 /* Require fewer higher order pages to be free */
2235 if (free_pages
<= min
)
2241 bool zone_watermark_ok(struct zone
*z
, unsigned int order
, unsigned long mark
,
2242 int classzone_idx
, int alloc_flags
)
2244 return __zone_watermark_ok(z
, order
, mark
, classzone_idx
, alloc_flags
,
2245 zone_page_state(z
, NR_FREE_PAGES
));
2248 bool zone_watermark_ok_safe(struct zone
*z
, unsigned int order
,
2249 unsigned long mark
, int classzone_idx
, int alloc_flags
)
2251 long free_pages
= zone_page_state(z
, NR_FREE_PAGES
);
2253 if (z
->percpu_drift_mark
&& free_pages
< z
->percpu_drift_mark
)
2254 free_pages
= zone_page_state_snapshot(z
, NR_FREE_PAGES
);
2256 return __zone_watermark_ok(z
, order
, mark
, classzone_idx
, alloc_flags
,
2262 * zlc_setup - Setup for "zonelist cache". Uses cached zone data to
2263 * skip over zones that are not allowed by the cpuset, or that have
2264 * been recently (in last second) found to be nearly full. See further
2265 * comments in mmzone.h. Reduces cache footprint of zonelist scans
2266 * that have to skip over a lot of full or unallowed zones.
2268 * If the zonelist cache is present in the passed zonelist, then
2269 * returns a pointer to the allowed node mask (either the current
2270 * tasks mems_allowed, or node_states[N_MEMORY].)
2272 * If the zonelist cache is not available for this zonelist, does
2273 * nothing and returns NULL.
2275 * If the fullzones BITMAP in the zonelist cache is stale (more than
2276 * a second since last zap'd) then we zap it out (clear its bits.)
2278 * We hold off even calling zlc_setup, until after we've checked the
2279 * first zone in the zonelist, on the theory that most allocations will
2280 * be satisfied from that first zone, so best to examine that zone as
2281 * quickly as we can.
2283 static nodemask_t
*zlc_setup(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, int alloc_flags
)
2285 struct zonelist_cache
*zlc
; /* cached zonelist speedup info */
2286 nodemask_t
*allowednodes
; /* zonelist_cache approximation */
2288 zlc
= zonelist
->zlcache_ptr
;
2292 if (time_after(jiffies
, zlc
->last_full_zap
+ HZ
)) {
2293 bitmap_zero(zlc
->fullzones
, MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST
);
2294 zlc
->last_full_zap
= jiffies
;
2297 allowednodes
= !in_interrupt() && (alloc_flags
& ALLOC_CPUSET
) ?
2298 &cpuset_current_mems_allowed
:
2299 &node_states
[N_MEMORY
];
2300 return allowednodes
;
2304 * Given 'z' scanning a zonelist, run a couple of quick checks to see
2305 * if it is worth looking at further for free memory:
2306 * 1) Check that the zone isn't thought to be full (doesn't have its
2307 * bit set in the zonelist_cache fullzones BITMAP).
2308 * 2) Check that the zones node (obtained from the zonelist_cache
2309 * z_to_n[] mapping) is allowed in the passed in allowednodes mask.
2310 * Return true (non-zero) if zone is worth looking at further, or
2311 * else return false (zero) if it is not.
2313 * This check -ignores- the distinction between various watermarks,
2314 * such as GFP_HIGH, GFP_ATOMIC, PF_MEMALLOC, ... If a zone is
2315 * found to be full for any variation of these watermarks, it will
2316 * be considered full for up to one second by all requests, unless
2317 * we are so low on memory on all allowed nodes that we are forced
2318 * into the second scan of the zonelist.
2320 * In the second scan we ignore this zonelist cache and exactly
2321 * apply the watermarks to all zones, even it is slower to do so.
2322 * We are low on memory in the second scan, and should leave no stone
2323 * unturned looking for a free page.
2325 static int zlc_zone_worth_trying(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, struct zoneref
*z
,
2326 nodemask_t
*allowednodes
)
2328 struct zonelist_cache
*zlc
; /* cached zonelist speedup info */
2329 int i
; /* index of *z in zonelist zones */
2330 int n
; /* node that zone *z is on */
2332 zlc
= zonelist
->zlcache_ptr
;
2336 i
= z
- zonelist
->_zonerefs
;
2339 /* This zone is worth trying if it is allowed but not full */
2340 return node_isset(n
, *allowednodes
) && !test_bit(i
, zlc
->fullzones
);
2344 * Given 'z' scanning a zonelist, set the corresponding bit in
2345 * zlc->fullzones, so that subsequent attempts to allocate a page
2346 * from that zone don't waste time re-examining it.
2348 static void zlc_mark_zone_full(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, struct zoneref
*z
)
2350 struct zonelist_cache
*zlc
; /* cached zonelist speedup info */
2351 int i
; /* index of *z in zonelist zones */
2353 zlc
= zonelist
->zlcache_ptr
;
2357 i
= z
- zonelist
->_zonerefs
;
2359 set_bit(i
, zlc
->fullzones
);
2363 * clear all zones full, called after direct reclaim makes progress so that
2364 * a zone that was recently full is not skipped over for up to a second
2366 static void zlc_clear_zones_full(struct zonelist
*zonelist
)
2368 struct zonelist_cache
*zlc
; /* cached zonelist speedup info */
2370 zlc
= zonelist
->zlcache_ptr
;
2374 bitmap_zero(zlc
->fullzones
, MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST
);
2377 static bool zone_local(struct zone
*local_zone
, struct zone
*zone
)
2379 return local_zone
->node
== zone
->node
;
2382 static bool zone_allows_reclaim(struct zone
*local_zone
, struct zone
*zone
)
2384 return node_distance(zone_to_nid(local_zone
), zone_to_nid(zone
)) <
2388 #else /* CONFIG_NUMA */
2390 static nodemask_t
*zlc_setup(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, int alloc_flags
)
2395 static int zlc_zone_worth_trying(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, struct zoneref
*z
,
2396 nodemask_t
*allowednodes
)
2401 static void zlc_mark_zone_full(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, struct zoneref
*z
)
2405 static void zlc_clear_zones_full(struct zonelist
*zonelist
)
2409 static bool zone_local(struct zone
*local_zone
, struct zone
*zone
)
2414 static bool zone_allows_reclaim(struct zone
*local_zone
, struct zone
*zone
)
2419 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
2421 static void reset_alloc_batches(struct zone
*preferred_zone
)
2423 struct zone
*zone
= preferred_zone
->zone_pgdat
->node_zones
;
2426 mod_zone_page_state(zone
, NR_ALLOC_BATCH
,
2427 high_wmark_pages(zone
) - low_wmark_pages(zone
) -
2428 atomic_long_read(&zone
->vm_stat
[NR_ALLOC_BATCH
]));
2429 clear_bit(ZONE_FAIR_DEPLETED
, &zone
->flags
);
2430 } while (zone
++ != preferred_zone
);
2434 * get_page_from_freelist goes through the zonelist trying to allocate
2437 static struct page
*
2438 get_page_from_freelist(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
, int alloc_flags
,
2439 const struct alloc_context
*ac
)
2441 struct zonelist
*zonelist
= ac
->zonelist
;
2443 struct page
*page
= NULL
;
2445 nodemask_t
*allowednodes
= NULL
;/* zonelist_cache approximation */
2446 int zlc_active
= 0; /* set if using zonelist_cache */
2447 int did_zlc_setup
= 0; /* just call zlc_setup() one time */
2448 bool consider_zone_dirty
= (alloc_flags
& ALLOC_WMARK_LOW
) &&
2449 (gfp_mask
& __GFP_WRITE
);
2450 int nr_fair_skipped
= 0;
2451 bool zonelist_rescan
;
2454 zonelist_rescan
= false;
2457 * Scan zonelist, looking for a zone with enough free.
2458 * See also __cpuset_node_allowed() comment in kernel/cpuset.c.
2460 for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone
, z
, zonelist
, ac
->high_zoneidx
,
2464 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA
) && zlc_active
&&
2465 !zlc_zone_worth_trying(zonelist
, z
, allowednodes
))
2467 if (cpusets_enabled() &&
2468 (alloc_flags
& ALLOC_CPUSET
) &&
2469 !cpuset_zone_allowed(zone
, gfp_mask
))
2472 * Distribute pages in proportion to the individual
2473 * zone size to ensure fair page aging. The zone a
2474 * page was allocated in should have no effect on the
2475 * time the page has in memory before being reclaimed.
2477 if (alloc_flags
& ALLOC_FAIR
) {
2478 if (!zone_local(ac
->preferred_zone
, zone
))
2480 if (test_bit(ZONE_FAIR_DEPLETED
, &zone
->flags
)) {
2486 * When allocating a page cache page for writing, we
2487 * want to get it from a zone that is within its dirty
2488 * limit, such that no single zone holds more than its
2489 * proportional share of globally allowed dirty pages.
2490 * The dirty limits take into account the zone's
2491 * lowmem reserves and high watermark so that kswapd
2492 * should be able to balance it without having to
2493 * write pages from its LRU list.
2495 * This may look like it could increase pressure on
2496 * lower zones by failing allocations in higher zones
2497 * before they are full. But the pages that do spill
2498 * over are limited as the lower zones are protected
2499 * by this very same mechanism. It should not become
2500 * a practical burden to them.
2502 * XXX: For now, allow allocations to potentially
2503 * exceed the per-zone dirty limit in the slowpath
2504 * (ALLOC_WMARK_LOW unset) before going into reclaim,
2505 * which is important when on a NUMA setup the allowed
2506 * zones are together not big enough to reach the
2507 * global limit. The proper fix for these situations
2508 * will require awareness of zones in the
2509 * dirty-throttling and the flusher threads.
2511 if (consider_zone_dirty
&& !zone_dirty_ok(zone
))
2514 mark
= zone
->watermark
[alloc_flags
& ALLOC_WMARK_MASK
];
2515 if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone
, order
, mark
,
2516 ac
->classzone_idx
, alloc_flags
)) {
2519 /* Checked here to keep the fast path fast */
2520 BUILD_BUG_ON(ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
< NR_WMARK
);
2521 if (alloc_flags
& ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
)
2524 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA
) &&
2525 !did_zlc_setup
&& nr_online_nodes
> 1) {
2527 * we do zlc_setup if there are multiple nodes
2528 * and before considering the first zone allowed
2531 allowednodes
= zlc_setup(zonelist
, alloc_flags
);
2536 if (zone_reclaim_mode
== 0 ||
2537 !zone_allows_reclaim(ac
->preferred_zone
, zone
))
2538 goto this_zone_full
;
2541 * As we may have just activated ZLC, check if the first
2542 * eligible zone has failed zone_reclaim recently.
2544 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA
) && zlc_active
&&
2545 !zlc_zone_worth_trying(zonelist
, z
, allowednodes
))
2548 ret
= zone_reclaim(zone
, gfp_mask
, order
);
2550 case ZONE_RECLAIM_NOSCAN
:
2553 case ZONE_RECLAIM_FULL
:
2554 /* scanned but unreclaimable */
2557 /* did we reclaim enough */
2558 if (zone_watermark_ok(zone
, order
, mark
,
2559 ac
->classzone_idx
, alloc_flags
))
2563 * Failed to reclaim enough to meet watermark.
2564 * Only mark the zone full if checking the min
2565 * watermark or if we failed to reclaim just
2566 * 1<<order pages or else the page allocator
2567 * fastpath will prematurely mark zones full
2568 * when the watermark is between the low and
2571 if (((alloc_flags
& ALLOC_WMARK_MASK
) == ALLOC_WMARK_MIN
) ||
2572 ret
== ZONE_RECLAIM_SOME
)
2573 goto this_zone_full
;
2580 page
= buffered_rmqueue(ac
->preferred_zone
, zone
, order
,
2581 gfp_mask
, ac
->migratetype
);
2583 if (prep_new_page(page
, order
, gfp_mask
, alloc_flags
))
2588 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA
) && zlc_active
)
2589 zlc_mark_zone_full(zonelist
, z
);
2593 * The first pass makes sure allocations are spread fairly within the
2594 * local node. However, the local node might have free pages left
2595 * after the fairness batches are exhausted, and remote zones haven't
2596 * even been considered yet. Try once more without fairness, and
2597 * include remote zones now, before entering the slowpath and waking
2598 * kswapd: prefer spilling to a remote zone over swapping locally.
2600 if (alloc_flags
& ALLOC_FAIR
) {
2601 alloc_flags
&= ~ALLOC_FAIR
;
2602 if (nr_fair_skipped
) {
2603 zonelist_rescan
= true;
2604 reset_alloc_batches(ac
->preferred_zone
);
2606 if (nr_online_nodes
> 1)
2607 zonelist_rescan
= true;
2610 if (unlikely(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA
) && zlc_active
)) {
2611 /* Disable zlc cache for second zonelist scan */
2613 zonelist_rescan
= true;
2616 if (zonelist_rescan
)
2623 * Large machines with many possible nodes should not always dump per-node
2624 * meminfo in irq context.
2626 static inline bool should_suppress_show_mem(void)
2631 ret
= in_interrupt();
2636 static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(nopage_rs
,
2637 DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL
,
2638 DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST
);
2640 void warn_alloc_failed(gfp_t gfp_mask
, int order
, const char *fmt
, ...)
2642 unsigned int filter
= SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES
;
2644 if ((gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOWARN
) || !__ratelimit(&nopage_rs
) ||
2645 debug_guardpage_minorder() > 0)
2649 * This documents exceptions given to allocations in certain
2650 * contexts that are allowed to allocate outside current's set
2653 if (!(gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOMEMALLOC
))
2654 if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
) ||
2655 (current
->flags
& (PF_MEMALLOC
| PF_EXITING
)))
2656 filter
&= ~SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES
;
2657 if (in_interrupt() || !(gfp_mask
& __GFP_WAIT
))
2658 filter
&= ~SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES
;
2661 struct va_format vaf
;
2664 va_start(args
, fmt
);
2669 pr_warn("%pV", &vaf
);
2674 pr_warn("%s: page allocation failure: order:%d, mode:0x%x\n",
2675 current
->comm
, order
, gfp_mask
);
2678 if (!should_suppress_show_mem())
2682 static inline struct page
*
2683 __alloc_pages_may_oom(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
,
2684 const struct alloc_context
*ac
, unsigned long *did_some_progress
)
2688 *did_some_progress
= 0;
2691 * Acquire the oom lock. If that fails, somebody else is
2692 * making progress for us.
2694 if (!mutex_trylock(&oom_lock
)) {
2695 *did_some_progress
= 1;
2696 schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
2701 * Go through the zonelist yet one more time, keep very high watermark
2702 * here, this is only to catch a parallel oom killing, we must fail if
2703 * we're still under heavy pressure.
2705 page
= get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask
| __GFP_HARDWALL
, order
,
2706 ALLOC_WMARK_HIGH
|ALLOC_CPUSET
, ac
);
2710 if (!(gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOFAIL
)) {
2711 /* Coredumps can quickly deplete all memory reserves */
2712 if (current
->flags
& PF_DUMPCORE
)
2714 /* The OOM killer will not help higher order allocs */
2715 if (order
> PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER
)
2717 /* The OOM killer does not needlessly kill tasks for lowmem */
2718 if (ac
->high_zoneidx
< ZONE_NORMAL
)
2720 /* The OOM killer does not compensate for IO-less reclaim */
2721 if (!(gfp_mask
& __GFP_FS
)) {
2723 * XXX: Page reclaim didn't yield anything,
2724 * and the OOM killer can't be invoked, but
2725 * keep looping as per tradition.
2727 *did_some_progress
= 1;
2730 if (pm_suspended_storage())
2732 /* The OOM killer may not free memory on a specific node */
2733 if (gfp_mask
& __GFP_THISNODE
)
2736 /* Exhausted what can be done so it's blamo time */
2737 if (out_of_memory(ac
->zonelist
, gfp_mask
, order
, ac
->nodemask
, false)
2738 || WARN_ON_ONCE(gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOFAIL
))
2739 *did_some_progress
= 1;
2741 mutex_unlock(&oom_lock
);
2745 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
2746 /* Try memory compaction for high-order allocations before reclaim */
2747 static struct page
*
2748 __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
,
2749 int alloc_flags
, const struct alloc_context
*ac
,
2750 enum migrate_mode mode
, int *contended_compaction
,
2751 bool *deferred_compaction
)
2753 unsigned long compact_result
;
2759 current
->flags
|= PF_MEMALLOC
;
2760 compact_result
= try_to_compact_pages(gfp_mask
, order
, alloc_flags
, ac
,
2761 mode
, contended_compaction
);
2762 current
->flags
&= ~PF_MEMALLOC
;
2764 switch (compact_result
) {
2765 case COMPACT_DEFERRED
:
2766 *deferred_compaction
= true;
2768 case COMPACT_SKIPPED
:
2775 * At least in one zone compaction wasn't deferred or skipped, so let's
2776 * count a compaction stall
2778 count_vm_event(COMPACTSTALL
);
2780 page
= get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask
, order
,
2781 alloc_flags
& ~ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
, ac
);
2784 struct zone
*zone
= page_zone(page
);
2786 zone
->compact_blockskip_flush
= false;
2787 compaction_defer_reset(zone
, order
, true);
2788 count_vm_event(COMPACTSUCCESS
);
2793 * It's bad if compaction run occurs and fails. The most likely reason
2794 * is that pages exist, but not enough to satisfy watermarks.
2796 count_vm_event(COMPACTFAIL
);
2803 static inline struct page
*
2804 __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
,
2805 int alloc_flags
, const struct alloc_context
*ac
,
2806 enum migrate_mode mode
, int *contended_compaction
,
2807 bool *deferred_compaction
)
2811 #endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */
2813 /* Perform direct synchronous page reclaim */
2815 __perform_reclaim(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
,
2816 const struct alloc_context
*ac
)
2818 struct reclaim_state reclaim_state
;
2823 /* We now go into synchronous reclaim */
2824 cpuset_memory_pressure_bump();
2825 current
->flags
|= PF_MEMALLOC
;
2826 lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_mask
);
2827 reclaim_state
.reclaimed_slab
= 0;
2828 current
->reclaim_state
= &reclaim_state
;
2830 progress
= try_to_free_pages(ac
->zonelist
, order
, gfp_mask
,
2833 current
->reclaim_state
= NULL
;
2834 lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state();
2835 current
->flags
&= ~PF_MEMALLOC
;
2842 /* The really slow allocator path where we enter direct reclaim */
2843 static inline struct page
*
2844 __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
,
2845 int alloc_flags
, const struct alloc_context
*ac
,
2846 unsigned long *did_some_progress
)
2848 struct page
*page
= NULL
;
2849 bool drained
= false;
2851 *did_some_progress
= __perform_reclaim(gfp_mask
, order
, ac
);
2852 if (unlikely(!(*did_some_progress
)))
2855 /* After successful reclaim, reconsider all zones for allocation */
2856 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA
))
2857 zlc_clear_zones_full(ac
->zonelist
);
2860 page
= get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask
, order
,
2861 alloc_flags
& ~ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
, ac
);
2864 * If an allocation failed after direct reclaim, it could be because
2865 * pages are pinned on the per-cpu lists. Drain them and try again
2867 if (!page
&& !drained
) {
2868 drain_all_pages(NULL
);
2877 * This is called in the allocator slow-path if the allocation request is of
2878 * sufficient urgency to ignore watermarks and take other desperate measures
2880 static inline struct page
*
2881 __alloc_pages_high_priority(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
,
2882 const struct alloc_context
*ac
)
2887 page
= get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask
, order
,
2888 ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
, ac
);
2890 if (!page
&& gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOFAIL
)
2891 wait_iff_congested(ac
->preferred_zone
, BLK_RW_ASYNC
,
2893 } while (!page
&& (gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOFAIL
));
2898 static void wake_all_kswapds(unsigned int order
, const struct alloc_context
*ac
)
2903 for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone
, z
, ac
->zonelist
,
2904 ac
->high_zoneidx
, ac
->nodemask
)
2905 wakeup_kswapd(zone
, order
, zone_idx(ac
->preferred_zone
));
2909 gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_t gfp_mask
)
2911 int alloc_flags
= ALLOC_WMARK_MIN
| ALLOC_CPUSET
;
2912 const bool atomic
= !(gfp_mask
& (__GFP_WAIT
| __GFP_NO_KSWAPD
));
2914 /* __GFP_HIGH is assumed to be the same as ALLOC_HIGH to save a branch. */
2915 BUILD_BUG_ON(__GFP_HIGH
!= (__force gfp_t
) ALLOC_HIGH
);
2918 * The caller may dip into page reserves a bit more if the caller
2919 * cannot run direct reclaim, or if the caller has realtime scheduling
2920 * policy or is asking for __GFP_HIGH memory. GFP_ATOMIC requests will
2921 * set both ALLOC_HARDER (atomic == true) and ALLOC_HIGH (__GFP_HIGH).
2923 alloc_flags
|= (__force
int) (gfp_mask
& __GFP_HIGH
);
2927 * Not worth trying to allocate harder for __GFP_NOMEMALLOC even
2928 * if it can't schedule.
2930 if (!(gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOMEMALLOC
))
2931 alloc_flags
|= ALLOC_HARDER
;
2933 * Ignore cpuset mems for GFP_ATOMIC rather than fail, see the
2934 * comment for __cpuset_node_allowed().
2936 alloc_flags
&= ~ALLOC_CPUSET
;
2937 } else if (unlikely(rt_task(current
)) && !in_interrupt())
2938 alloc_flags
|= ALLOC_HARDER
;
2940 if (likely(!(gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOMEMALLOC
))) {
2941 if (gfp_mask
& __GFP_MEMALLOC
)
2942 alloc_flags
|= ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
;
2943 else if (in_serving_softirq() && (current
->flags
& PF_MEMALLOC
))
2944 alloc_flags
|= ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
;
2945 else if (!in_interrupt() &&
2946 ((current
->flags
& PF_MEMALLOC
) ||
2947 unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
))))
2948 alloc_flags
|= ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
;
2951 if (gfpflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask
) == MIGRATE_MOVABLE
)
2952 alloc_flags
|= ALLOC_CMA
;
2957 bool gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed(gfp_t gfp_mask
)
2959 return !!(gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_mask
) & ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
);
2962 static inline struct page
*
2963 __alloc_pages_slowpath(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
,
2964 struct alloc_context
*ac
)
2966 const gfp_t wait
= gfp_mask
& __GFP_WAIT
;
2967 struct page
*page
= NULL
;
2969 unsigned long pages_reclaimed
= 0;
2970 unsigned long did_some_progress
;
2971 enum migrate_mode migration_mode
= MIGRATE_ASYNC
;
2972 bool deferred_compaction
= false;
2973 int contended_compaction
= COMPACT_CONTENDED_NONE
;
2976 * In the slowpath, we sanity check order to avoid ever trying to
2977 * reclaim >= MAX_ORDER areas which will never succeed. Callers may
2978 * be using allocators in order of preference for an area that is
2981 if (order
>= MAX_ORDER
) {
2982 WARN_ON_ONCE(!(gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOWARN
));
2987 * If this allocation cannot block and it is for a specific node, then
2988 * fail early. There's no need to wakeup kswapd or retry for a
2989 * speculative node-specific allocation.
2991 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA
) && (gfp_mask
& __GFP_THISNODE
) && !wait
)
2995 if (!(gfp_mask
& __GFP_NO_KSWAPD
))
2996 wake_all_kswapds(order
, ac
);
2999 * OK, we're below the kswapd watermark and have kicked background
3000 * reclaim. Now things get more complex, so set up alloc_flags according
3001 * to how we want to proceed.
3003 alloc_flags
= gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_mask
);
3006 * Find the true preferred zone if the allocation is unconstrained by
3009 if (!(alloc_flags
& ALLOC_CPUSET
) && !ac
->nodemask
) {
3010 struct zoneref
*preferred_zoneref
;
3011 preferred_zoneref
= first_zones_zonelist(ac
->zonelist
,
3012 ac
->high_zoneidx
, NULL
, &ac
->preferred_zone
);
3013 ac
->classzone_idx
= zonelist_zone_idx(preferred_zoneref
);
3016 /* This is the last chance, in general, before the goto nopage. */
3017 page
= get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask
, order
,
3018 alloc_flags
& ~ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
, ac
);
3022 /* Allocate without watermarks if the context allows */
3023 if (alloc_flags
& ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
) {
3025 * Ignore mempolicies if ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS on the grounds
3026 * the allocation is high priority and these type of
3027 * allocations are system rather than user orientated
3029 ac
->zonelist
= node_zonelist(numa_node_id(), gfp_mask
);
3031 page
= __alloc_pages_high_priority(gfp_mask
, order
, ac
);
3038 /* Atomic allocations - we can't balance anything */
3041 * All existing users of the deprecated __GFP_NOFAIL are
3042 * blockable, so warn of any new users that actually allow this
3043 * type of allocation to fail.
3045 WARN_ON_ONCE(gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOFAIL
);
3049 /* Avoid recursion of direct reclaim */
3050 if (current
->flags
& PF_MEMALLOC
)
3053 /* Avoid allocations with no watermarks from looping endlessly */
3054 if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
) && !(gfp_mask
& __GFP_NOFAIL
))
3058 * Try direct compaction. The first pass is asynchronous. Subsequent
3059 * attempts after direct reclaim are synchronous
3061 page
= __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_mask
, order
, alloc_flags
, ac
,
3063 &contended_compaction
,
3064 &deferred_compaction
);
3068 /* Checks for THP-specific high-order allocations */
3069 if ((gfp_mask
& GFP_TRANSHUGE
) == GFP_TRANSHUGE
) {
3071 * If compaction is deferred for high-order allocations, it is
3072 * because sync compaction recently failed. If this is the case
3073 * and the caller requested a THP allocation, we do not want
3074 * to heavily disrupt the system, so we fail the allocation
3075 * instead of entering direct reclaim.
3077 if (deferred_compaction
)
3081 * In all zones where compaction was attempted (and not
3082 * deferred or skipped), lock contention has been detected.
3083 * For THP allocation we do not want to disrupt the others
3084 * so we fallback to base pages instead.
3086 if (contended_compaction
== COMPACT_CONTENDED_LOCK
)
3090 * If compaction was aborted due to need_resched(), we do not
3091 * want to further increase allocation latency, unless it is
3092 * khugepaged trying to collapse.
3094 if (contended_compaction
== COMPACT_CONTENDED_SCHED
3095 && !(current
->flags
& PF_KTHREAD
))
3100 * It can become very expensive to allocate transparent hugepages at
3101 * fault, so use asynchronous memory compaction for THP unless it is
3102 * khugepaged trying to collapse.
3104 if ((gfp_mask
& GFP_TRANSHUGE
) != GFP_TRANSHUGE
||
3105 (current
->flags
& PF_KTHREAD
))
3106 migration_mode
= MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT
;
3108 /* Try direct reclaim and then allocating */
3109 page
= __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_mask
, order
, alloc_flags
, ac
,
3110 &did_some_progress
);
3114 /* Do not loop if specifically requested */
3115 if (gfp_mask
& __GFP_NORETRY
)
3118 /* Keep reclaiming pages as long as there is reasonable progress */
3119 pages_reclaimed
+= did_some_progress
;
3120 if ((did_some_progress
&& order
<= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER
) ||
3121 ((gfp_mask
& __GFP_REPEAT
) && pages_reclaimed
< (1 << order
))) {
3122 /* Wait for some write requests to complete then retry */
3123 wait_iff_congested(ac
->preferred_zone
, BLK_RW_ASYNC
, HZ
/50);
3127 /* Reclaim has failed us, start killing things */
3128 page
= __alloc_pages_may_oom(gfp_mask
, order
, ac
, &did_some_progress
);
3132 /* Retry as long as the OOM killer is making progress */
3133 if (did_some_progress
)
3138 * High-order allocations do not necessarily loop after
3139 * direct reclaim and reclaim/compaction depends on compaction
3140 * being called after reclaim so call directly if necessary
3142 page
= __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_mask
, order
, alloc_flags
,
3144 &contended_compaction
,
3145 &deferred_compaction
);
3149 warn_alloc_failed(gfp_mask
, order
, NULL
);
3155 * This is the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator.
3158 __alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
,
3159 struct zonelist
*zonelist
, nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
3161 struct zoneref
*preferred_zoneref
;
3162 struct page
*page
= NULL
;
3163 unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie
;
3164 int alloc_flags
= ALLOC_WMARK_LOW
|ALLOC_CPUSET
|ALLOC_FAIR
;
3165 gfp_t alloc_mask
; /* The gfp_t that was actually used for allocation */
3166 struct alloc_context ac
= {
3167 .high_zoneidx
= gfp_zone(gfp_mask
),
3168 .nodemask
= nodemask
,
3169 .migratetype
= gfpflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask
),
3172 gfp_mask
&= gfp_allowed_mask
;
3174 lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_mask
);
3176 might_sleep_if(gfp_mask
& __GFP_WAIT
);
3178 if (should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_mask
, order
))
3182 * Check the zones suitable for the gfp_mask contain at least one
3183 * valid zone. It's possible to have an empty zonelist as a result
3184 * of __GFP_THISNODE and a memoryless node
3186 if (unlikely(!zonelist
->_zonerefs
->zone
))
3189 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CMA
) && ac
.migratetype
== MIGRATE_MOVABLE
)
3190 alloc_flags
|= ALLOC_CMA
;
3193 cpuset_mems_cookie
= read_mems_allowed_begin();
3195 /* We set it here, as __alloc_pages_slowpath might have changed it */
3196 ac
.zonelist
= zonelist
;
3197 /* The preferred zone is used for statistics later */
3198 preferred_zoneref
= first_zones_zonelist(ac
.zonelist
, ac
.high_zoneidx
,
3199 ac
.nodemask
? : &cpuset_current_mems_allowed
,
3200 &ac
.preferred_zone
);
3201 if (!ac
.preferred_zone
)
3203 ac
.classzone_idx
= zonelist_zone_idx(preferred_zoneref
);
3205 /* First allocation attempt */
3206 alloc_mask
= gfp_mask
|__GFP_HARDWALL
;
3207 page
= get_page_from_freelist(alloc_mask
, order
, alloc_flags
, &ac
);
3208 if (unlikely(!page
)) {
3210 * Runtime PM, block IO and its error handling path
3211 * can deadlock because I/O on the device might not
3214 alloc_mask
= memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask
);
3216 page
= __alloc_pages_slowpath(alloc_mask
, order
, &ac
);
3219 if (kmemcheck_enabled
&& page
)
3220 kmemcheck_pagealloc_alloc(page
, order
, gfp_mask
);
3222 trace_mm_page_alloc(page
, order
, alloc_mask
, ac
.migratetype
);
3226 * When updating a task's mems_allowed, it is possible to race with
3227 * parallel threads in such a way that an allocation can fail while
3228 * the mask is being updated. If a page allocation is about to fail,
3229 * check if the cpuset changed during allocation and if so, retry.
3231 if (unlikely(!page
&& read_mems_allowed_retry(cpuset_mems_cookie
)))
3236 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__alloc_pages_nodemask
);
3239 * Common helper functions.
3241 unsigned long __get_free_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
)
3246 * __get_free_pages() returns a 32-bit address, which cannot represent
3249 VM_BUG_ON((gfp_mask
& __GFP_HIGHMEM
) != 0);
3251 page
= alloc_pages(gfp_mask
, order
);
3254 return (unsigned long) page_address(page
);
3256 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__get_free_pages
);
3258 unsigned long get_zeroed_page(gfp_t gfp_mask
)
3260 return __get_free_pages(gfp_mask
| __GFP_ZERO
, 0);
3262 EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_zeroed_page
);
3264 void __free_pages(struct page
*page
, unsigned int order
)
3266 if (put_page_testzero(page
)) {
3268 free_hot_cold_page(page
, false);
3270 __free_pages_ok(page
, order
);
3274 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__free_pages
);
3276 void free_pages(unsigned long addr
, unsigned int order
)
3279 VM_BUG_ON(!virt_addr_valid((void *)addr
));
3280 __free_pages(virt_to_page((void *)addr
), order
);
3284 EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_pages
);
3288 * An arbitrary-length arbitrary-offset area of memory which resides
3289 * within a 0 or higher order page. Multiple fragments within that page
3290 * are individually refcounted, in the page's reference counter.
3292 * The page_frag functions below provide a simple allocation framework for
3293 * page fragments. This is used by the network stack and network device
3294 * drivers to provide a backing region of memory for use as either an
3295 * sk_buff->head, or to be used in the "frags" portion of skb_shared_info.
3297 static struct page
*__page_frag_refill(struct page_frag_cache
*nc
,
3300 struct page
*page
= NULL
;
3301 gfp_t gfp
= gfp_mask
;
3303 #if (PAGE_SIZE < PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_SIZE)
3304 gfp_mask
|= __GFP_COMP
| __GFP_NOWARN
| __GFP_NORETRY
|
3306 page
= alloc_pages_node(NUMA_NO_NODE
, gfp_mask
,
3307 PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_ORDER
);
3308 nc
->size
= page
? PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_SIZE
: PAGE_SIZE
;
3310 if (unlikely(!page
))
3311 page
= alloc_pages_node(NUMA_NO_NODE
, gfp
, 0);
3313 nc
->va
= page
? page_address(page
) : NULL
;
3318 void *__alloc_page_frag(struct page_frag_cache
*nc
,
3319 unsigned int fragsz
, gfp_t gfp_mask
)
3321 unsigned int size
= PAGE_SIZE
;
3325 if (unlikely(!nc
->va
)) {
3327 page
= __page_frag_refill(nc
, gfp_mask
);
3331 #if (PAGE_SIZE < PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_SIZE)
3332 /* if size can vary use size else just use PAGE_SIZE */
3335 /* Even if we own the page, we do not use atomic_set().
3336 * This would break get_page_unless_zero() users.
3338 atomic_add(size
- 1, &page
->_count
);
3340 /* reset page count bias and offset to start of new frag */
3341 nc
->pfmemalloc
= page
->pfmemalloc
;
3342 nc
->pagecnt_bias
= size
;
3346 offset
= nc
->offset
- fragsz
;
3347 if (unlikely(offset
< 0)) {
3348 page
= virt_to_page(nc
->va
);
3350 if (!atomic_sub_and_test(nc
->pagecnt_bias
, &page
->_count
))
3353 #if (PAGE_SIZE < PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_SIZE)
3354 /* if size can vary use size else just use PAGE_SIZE */
3357 /* OK, page count is 0, we can safely set it */
3358 atomic_set(&page
->_count
, size
);
3360 /* reset page count bias and offset to start of new frag */
3361 nc
->pagecnt_bias
= size
;
3362 offset
= size
- fragsz
;
3366 nc
->offset
= offset
;
3368 return nc
->va
+ offset
;
3370 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__alloc_page_frag
);
3373 * Frees a page fragment allocated out of either a compound or order 0 page.
3375 void __free_page_frag(void *addr
)
3377 struct page
*page
= virt_to_head_page(addr
);
3379 if (unlikely(put_page_testzero(page
)))
3380 __free_pages_ok(page
, compound_order(page
));
3382 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__free_page_frag
);
3385 * alloc_kmem_pages charges newly allocated pages to the kmem resource counter
3386 * of the current memory cgroup.
3388 * It should be used when the caller would like to use kmalloc, but since the
3389 * allocation is large, it has to fall back to the page allocator.
3391 struct page
*alloc_kmem_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
)
3394 struct mem_cgroup
*memcg
= NULL
;
3396 if (!memcg_kmem_newpage_charge(gfp_mask
, &memcg
, order
))
3398 page
= alloc_pages(gfp_mask
, order
);
3399 memcg_kmem_commit_charge(page
, memcg
, order
);
3403 struct page
*alloc_kmem_pages_node(int nid
, gfp_t gfp_mask
, unsigned int order
)
3406 struct mem_cgroup
*memcg
= NULL
;
3408 if (!memcg_kmem_newpage_charge(gfp_mask
, &memcg
, order
))
3410 page
= alloc_pages_node(nid
, gfp_mask
, order
);
3411 memcg_kmem_commit_charge(page
, memcg
, order
);
3416 * __free_kmem_pages and free_kmem_pages will free pages allocated with
3419 void __free_kmem_pages(struct page
*page
, unsigned int order
)
3421 memcg_kmem_uncharge_pages(page
, order
);
3422 __free_pages(page
, order
);
3425 void free_kmem_pages(unsigned long addr
, unsigned int order
)
3428 VM_BUG_ON(!virt_addr_valid((void *)addr
));
3429 __free_kmem_pages(virt_to_page((void *)addr
), order
);
3433 static void *make_alloc_exact(unsigned long addr
, unsigned order
, size_t size
)
3436 unsigned long alloc_end
= addr
+ (PAGE_SIZE
<< order
);
3437 unsigned long used
= addr
+ PAGE_ALIGN(size
);
3439 split_page(virt_to_page((void *)addr
), order
);
3440 while (used
< alloc_end
) {
3445 return (void *)addr
;
3449 * alloc_pages_exact - allocate an exact number physically-contiguous pages.
3450 * @size: the number of bytes to allocate
3451 * @gfp_mask: GFP flags for the allocation
3453 * This function is similar to alloc_pages(), except that it allocates the
3454 * minimum number of pages to satisfy the request. alloc_pages() can only
3455 * allocate memory in power-of-two pages.
3457 * This function is also limited by MAX_ORDER.
3459 * Memory allocated by this function must be released by free_pages_exact().
3461 void *alloc_pages_exact(size_t size
, gfp_t gfp_mask
)
3463 unsigned int order
= get_order(size
);
3466 addr
= __get_free_pages(gfp_mask
, order
);
3467 return make_alloc_exact(addr
, order
, size
);
3469 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_pages_exact
);
3472 * alloc_pages_exact_nid - allocate an exact number of physically-contiguous
3474 * @nid: the preferred node ID where memory should be allocated
3475 * @size: the number of bytes to allocate
3476 * @gfp_mask: GFP flags for the allocation
3478 * Like alloc_pages_exact(), but try to allocate on node nid first before falling
3480 * Note this is not alloc_pages_exact_node() which allocates on a specific node,
3483 void * __meminit
alloc_pages_exact_nid(int nid
, size_t size
, gfp_t gfp_mask
)
3485 unsigned order
= get_order(size
);
3486 struct page
*p
= alloc_pages_node(nid
, gfp_mask
, order
);
3489 return make_alloc_exact((unsigned long)page_address(p
), order
, size
);
3493 * free_pages_exact - release memory allocated via alloc_pages_exact()
3494 * @virt: the value returned by alloc_pages_exact.
3495 * @size: size of allocation, same value as passed to alloc_pages_exact().
3497 * Release the memory allocated by a previous call to alloc_pages_exact.
3499 void free_pages_exact(void *virt
, size_t size
)
3501 unsigned long addr
= (unsigned long)virt
;
3502 unsigned long end
= addr
+ PAGE_ALIGN(size
);
3504 while (addr
< end
) {
3509 EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_pages_exact
);
3512 * nr_free_zone_pages - count number of pages beyond high watermark
3513 * @offset: The zone index of the highest zone
3515 * nr_free_zone_pages() counts the number of counts pages which are beyond the
3516 * high watermark within all zones at or below a given zone index. For each
3517 * zone, the number of pages is calculated as:
3518 * managed_pages - high_pages
3520 static unsigned long nr_free_zone_pages(int offset
)
3525 /* Just pick one node, since fallback list is circular */
3526 unsigned long sum
= 0;
3528 struct zonelist
*zonelist
= node_zonelist(numa_node_id(), GFP_KERNEL
);
3530 for_each_zone_zonelist(zone
, z
, zonelist
, offset
) {
3531 unsigned long size
= zone
->managed_pages
;
3532 unsigned long high
= high_wmark_pages(zone
);
3541 * nr_free_buffer_pages - count number of pages beyond high watermark
3543 * nr_free_buffer_pages() counts the number of pages which are beyond the high
3544 * watermark within ZONE_DMA and ZONE_NORMAL.
3546 unsigned long nr_free_buffer_pages(void)
3548 return nr_free_zone_pages(gfp_zone(GFP_USER
));
3550 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nr_free_buffer_pages
);
3553 * nr_free_pagecache_pages - count number of pages beyond high watermark
3555 * nr_free_pagecache_pages() counts the number of pages which are beyond the
3556 * high watermark within all zones.
3558 unsigned long nr_free_pagecache_pages(void)
3560 return nr_free_zone_pages(gfp_zone(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE
));
3563 static inline void show_node(struct zone
*zone
)
3565 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA
))
3566 printk("Node %d ", zone_to_nid(zone
));
3569 void si_meminfo(struct sysinfo
*val
)
3571 val
->totalram
= totalram_pages
;
3572 val
->sharedram
= global_page_state(NR_SHMEM
);
3573 val
->freeram
= global_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES
);
3574 val
->bufferram
= nr_blockdev_pages();
3575 val
->totalhigh
= totalhigh_pages
;
3576 val
->freehigh
= nr_free_highpages();
3577 val
->mem_unit
= PAGE_SIZE
;
3580 EXPORT_SYMBOL(si_meminfo
);
3583 void si_meminfo_node(struct sysinfo
*val
, int nid
)
3585 int zone_type
; /* needs to be signed */
3586 unsigned long managed_pages
= 0;
3587 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= NODE_DATA(nid
);
3589 for (zone_type
= 0; zone_type
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; zone_type
++)
3590 managed_pages
+= pgdat
->node_zones
[zone_type
].managed_pages
;
3591 val
->totalram
= managed_pages
;
3592 val
->sharedram
= node_page_state(nid
, NR_SHMEM
);
3593 val
->freeram
= node_page_state(nid
, NR_FREE_PAGES
);
3594 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
3595 val
->totalhigh
= pgdat
->node_zones
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
].managed_pages
;
3596 val
->freehigh
= zone_page_state(&pgdat
->node_zones
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
],
3602 val
->mem_unit
= PAGE_SIZE
;
3607 * Determine whether the node should be displayed or not, depending on whether
3608 * SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES was passed to show_free_areas().
3610 bool skip_free_areas_node(unsigned int flags
, int nid
)
3613 unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie
;
3615 if (!(flags
& SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES
))
3619 cpuset_mems_cookie
= read_mems_allowed_begin();
3620 ret
= !node_isset(nid
, cpuset_current_mems_allowed
);
3621 } while (read_mems_allowed_retry(cpuset_mems_cookie
));
3626 #define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT-10))
3628 static void show_migration_types(unsigned char type
)
3630 static const char types
[MIGRATE_TYPES
] = {
3631 [MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE
] = 'U',
3632 [MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE
] = 'E',
3633 [MIGRATE_MOVABLE
] = 'M',
3634 [MIGRATE_RESERVE
] = 'R',
3636 [MIGRATE_CMA
] = 'C',
3638 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION
3639 [MIGRATE_ISOLATE
] = 'I',
3642 char tmp
[MIGRATE_TYPES
+ 1];
3646 for (i
= 0; i
< MIGRATE_TYPES
; i
++) {
3647 if (type
& (1 << i
))
3652 printk("(%s) ", tmp
);
3656 * Show free area list (used inside shift_scroll-lock stuff)
3657 * We also calculate the percentage fragmentation. We do this by counting the
3658 * memory on each free list with the exception of the first item on the list.
3661 * SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES: suppress nodes that are not allowed by current's
3664 void show_free_areas(unsigned int filter
)
3666 unsigned long free_pcp
= 0;
3670 for_each_populated_zone(zone
) {
3671 if (skip_free_areas_node(filter
, zone_to_nid(zone
)))
3674 for_each_online_cpu(cpu
)
3675 free_pcp
+= per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, cpu
)->pcp
.count
;
3678 printk("active_anon:%lu inactive_anon:%lu isolated_anon:%lu\n"
3679 " active_file:%lu inactive_file:%lu isolated_file:%lu\n"
3680 " unevictable:%lu dirty:%lu writeback:%lu unstable:%lu\n"
3681 " slab_reclaimable:%lu slab_unreclaimable:%lu\n"
3682 " mapped:%lu shmem:%lu pagetables:%lu bounce:%lu\n"
3683 " free:%lu free_pcp:%lu free_cma:%lu\n",
3684 global_page_state(NR_ACTIVE_ANON
),
3685 global_page_state(NR_INACTIVE_ANON
),
3686 global_page_state(NR_ISOLATED_ANON
),
3687 global_page_state(NR_ACTIVE_FILE
),
3688 global_page_state(NR_INACTIVE_FILE
),
3689 global_page_state(NR_ISOLATED_FILE
),
3690 global_page_state(NR_UNEVICTABLE
),
3691 global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY
),
3692 global_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK
),
3693 global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS
),
3694 global_page_state(NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE
),
3695 global_page_state(NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE
),
3696 global_page_state(NR_FILE_MAPPED
),
3697 global_page_state(NR_SHMEM
),
3698 global_page_state(NR_PAGETABLE
),
3699 global_page_state(NR_BOUNCE
),
3700 global_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES
),
3702 global_page_state(NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES
));
3704 for_each_populated_zone(zone
) {
3707 if (skip_free_areas_node(filter
, zone_to_nid(zone
)))
3711 for_each_online_cpu(cpu
)
3712 free_pcp
+= per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, cpu
)->pcp
.count
;
3720 " active_anon:%lukB"
3721 " inactive_anon:%lukB"
3722 " active_file:%lukB"
3723 " inactive_file:%lukB"
3724 " unevictable:%lukB"
3725 " isolated(anon):%lukB"
3726 " isolated(file):%lukB"
3734 " slab_reclaimable:%lukB"
3735 " slab_unreclaimable:%lukB"
3736 " kernel_stack:%lukB"
3743 " writeback_tmp:%lukB"
3744 " pages_scanned:%lu"
3745 " all_unreclaimable? %s"
3748 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_FREE_PAGES
)),
3749 K(min_wmark_pages(zone
)),
3750 K(low_wmark_pages(zone
)),
3751 K(high_wmark_pages(zone
)),
3752 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_ACTIVE_ANON
)),
3753 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_INACTIVE_ANON
)),
3754 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_ACTIVE_FILE
)),
3755 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_INACTIVE_FILE
)),
3756 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_UNEVICTABLE
)),
3757 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_ISOLATED_ANON
)),
3758 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_ISOLATED_FILE
)),
3759 K(zone
->present_pages
),
3760 K(zone
->managed_pages
),
3761 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_MLOCK
)),
3762 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_FILE_DIRTY
)),
3763 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_WRITEBACK
)),
3764 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_FILE_MAPPED
)),
3765 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_SHMEM
)),
3766 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE
)),
3767 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE
)),
3768 zone_page_state(zone
, NR_KERNEL_STACK
) *
3770 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_PAGETABLE
)),
3771 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_UNSTABLE_NFS
)),
3772 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_BOUNCE
)),
3774 K(this_cpu_read(zone
->pageset
->pcp
.count
)),
3775 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES
)),
3776 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP
)),
3777 K(zone_page_state(zone
, NR_PAGES_SCANNED
)),
3778 (!zone_reclaimable(zone
) ? "yes" : "no")
3780 printk("lowmem_reserve[]:");
3781 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; i
++)
3782 printk(" %ld", zone
->lowmem_reserve
[i
]);
3786 for_each_populated_zone(zone
) {
3787 unsigned long nr
[MAX_ORDER
], flags
, order
, total
= 0;
3788 unsigned char types
[MAX_ORDER
];
3790 if (skip_free_areas_node(filter
, zone_to_nid(zone
)))
3793 printk("%s: ", zone
->name
);
3795 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
3796 for (order
= 0; order
< MAX_ORDER
; order
++) {
3797 struct free_area
*area
= &zone
->free_area
[order
];
3800 nr
[order
] = area
->nr_free
;
3801 total
+= nr
[order
] << order
;
3804 for (type
= 0; type
< MIGRATE_TYPES
; type
++) {
3805 if (!list_empty(&area
->free_list
[type
]))
3806 types
[order
] |= 1 << type
;
3809 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
3810 for (order
= 0; order
< MAX_ORDER
; order
++) {
3811 printk("%lu*%lukB ", nr
[order
], K(1UL) << order
);
3813 show_migration_types(types
[order
]);
3815 printk("= %lukB\n", K(total
));
3818 hugetlb_show_meminfo();
3820 printk("%ld total pagecache pages\n", global_page_state(NR_FILE_PAGES
));
3822 show_swap_cache_info();
3825 static void zoneref_set_zone(struct zone
*zone
, struct zoneref
*zoneref
)
3827 zoneref
->zone
= zone
;
3828 zoneref
->zone_idx
= zone_idx(zone
);
3832 * Builds allocation fallback zone lists.
3834 * Add all populated zones of a node to the zonelist.
3836 static int build_zonelists_node(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, struct zonelist
*zonelist
,
3840 enum zone_type zone_type
= MAX_NR_ZONES
;
3844 zone
= pgdat
->node_zones
+ zone_type
;
3845 if (populated_zone(zone
)) {
3846 zoneref_set_zone(zone
,
3847 &zonelist
->_zonerefs
[nr_zones
++]);
3848 check_highest_zone(zone_type
);
3850 } while (zone_type
);
3858 * 0 = automatic detection of better ordering.
3859 * 1 = order by ([node] distance, -zonetype)
3860 * 2 = order by (-zonetype, [node] distance)
3862 * If not NUMA, ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE and ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE will create
3863 * the same zonelist. So only NUMA can configure this param.
3865 #define ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT 0
3866 #define ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE 1
3867 #define ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE 2
3869 /* zonelist order in the kernel.
3870 * set_zonelist_order() will set this to NODE or ZONE.
3872 static int current_zonelist_order
= ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT
;
3873 static char zonelist_order_name
[3][8] = {"Default", "Node", "Zone"};
3877 /* The value user specified ....changed by config */
3878 static int user_zonelist_order
= ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT
;
3879 /* string for sysctl */
3880 #define NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN 16
3881 char numa_zonelist_order
[16] = "default";
3884 * interface for configure zonelist ordering.
3885 * command line option "numa_zonelist_order"
3886 * = "[dD]efault - default, automatic configuration.
3887 * = "[nN]ode - order by node locality, then by zone within node
3888 * = "[zZ]one - order by zone, then by locality within zone
3891 static int __parse_numa_zonelist_order(char *s
)
3893 if (*s
== 'd' || *s
== 'D') {
3894 user_zonelist_order
= ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT
;
3895 } else if (*s
== 'n' || *s
== 'N') {
3896 user_zonelist_order
= ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE
;
3897 } else if (*s
== 'z' || *s
== 'Z') {
3898 user_zonelist_order
= ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE
;
3901 "Ignoring invalid numa_zonelist_order value: "
3908 static __init
int setup_numa_zonelist_order(char *s
)
3915 ret
= __parse_numa_zonelist_order(s
);
3917 strlcpy(numa_zonelist_order
, s
, NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN
);
3921 early_param("numa_zonelist_order", setup_numa_zonelist_order
);
3924 * sysctl handler for numa_zonelist_order
3926 int numa_zonelist_order_handler(struct ctl_table
*table
, int write
,
3927 void __user
*buffer
, size_t *length
,
3930 char saved_string
[NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN
];
3932 static DEFINE_MUTEX(zl_order_mutex
);
3934 mutex_lock(&zl_order_mutex
);
3936 if (strlen((char *)table
->data
) >= NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN
) {
3940 strcpy(saved_string
, (char *)table
->data
);
3942 ret
= proc_dostring(table
, write
, buffer
, length
, ppos
);
3946 int oldval
= user_zonelist_order
;
3948 ret
= __parse_numa_zonelist_order((char *)table
->data
);
3951 * bogus value. restore saved string
3953 strncpy((char *)table
->data
, saved_string
,
3954 NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN
);
3955 user_zonelist_order
= oldval
;
3956 } else if (oldval
!= user_zonelist_order
) {
3957 mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex
);
3958 build_all_zonelists(NULL
, NULL
);
3959 mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex
);
3963 mutex_unlock(&zl_order_mutex
);
3968 #define MAX_NODE_LOAD (nr_online_nodes)
3969 static int node_load
[MAX_NUMNODES
];
3972 * find_next_best_node - find the next node that should appear in a given node's fallback list
3973 * @node: node whose fallback list we're appending
3974 * @used_node_mask: nodemask_t of already used nodes
3976 * We use a number of factors to determine which is the next node that should
3977 * appear on a given node's fallback list. The node should not have appeared
3978 * already in @node's fallback list, and it should be the next closest node
3979 * according to the distance array (which contains arbitrary distance values
3980 * from each node to each node in the system), and should also prefer nodes
3981 * with no CPUs, since presumably they'll have very little allocation pressure
3982 * on them otherwise.
3983 * It returns -1 if no node is found.
3985 static int find_next_best_node(int node
, nodemask_t
*used_node_mask
)
3988 int min_val
= INT_MAX
;
3989 int best_node
= NUMA_NO_NODE
;
3990 const struct cpumask
*tmp
= cpumask_of_node(0);
3992 /* Use the local node if we haven't already */
3993 if (!node_isset(node
, *used_node_mask
)) {
3994 node_set(node
, *used_node_mask
);
3998 for_each_node_state(n
, N_MEMORY
) {
4000 /* Don't want a node to appear more than once */
4001 if (node_isset(n
, *used_node_mask
))
4004 /* Use the distance array to find the distance */
4005 val
= node_distance(node
, n
);
4007 /* Penalize nodes under us ("prefer the next node") */
4010 /* Give preference to headless and unused nodes */
4011 tmp
= cpumask_of_node(n
);
4012 if (!cpumask_empty(tmp
))
4013 val
+= PENALTY_FOR_NODE_WITH_CPUS
;
4015 /* Slight preference for less loaded node */
4016 val
*= (MAX_NODE_LOAD
*MAX_NUMNODES
);
4017 val
+= node_load
[n
];
4019 if (val
< min_val
) {
4026 node_set(best_node
, *used_node_mask
);
4033 * Build zonelists ordered by node and zones within node.
4034 * This results in maximum locality--normal zone overflows into local
4035 * DMA zone, if any--but risks exhausting DMA zone.
4037 static void build_zonelists_in_node_order(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, int node
)
4040 struct zonelist
*zonelist
;
4042 zonelist
= &pgdat
->node_zonelists
[0];
4043 for (j
= 0; zonelist
->_zonerefs
[j
].zone
!= NULL
; j
++)
4045 j
= build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node
), zonelist
, j
);
4046 zonelist
->_zonerefs
[j
].zone
= NULL
;
4047 zonelist
->_zonerefs
[j
].zone_idx
= 0;
4051 * Build gfp_thisnode zonelists
4053 static void build_thisnode_zonelists(pg_data_t
*pgdat
)
4056 struct zonelist
*zonelist
;
4058 zonelist
= &pgdat
->node_zonelists
[1];
4059 j
= build_zonelists_node(pgdat
, zonelist
, 0);
4060 zonelist
->_zonerefs
[j
].zone
= NULL
;
4061 zonelist
->_zonerefs
[j
].zone_idx
= 0;
4065 * Build zonelists ordered by zone and nodes within zones.
4066 * This results in conserving DMA zone[s] until all Normal memory is
4067 * exhausted, but results in overflowing to remote node while memory
4068 * may still exist in local DMA zone.
4070 static int node_order
[MAX_NUMNODES
];
4072 static void build_zonelists_in_zone_order(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, int nr_nodes
)
4075 int zone_type
; /* needs to be signed */
4077 struct zonelist
*zonelist
;
4079 zonelist
= &pgdat
->node_zonelists
[0];
4081 for (zone_type
= MAX_NR_ZONES
- 1; zone_type
>= 0; zone_type
--) {
4082 for (j
= 0; j
< nr_nodes
; j
++) {
4083 node
= node_order
[j
];
4084 z
= &NODE_DATA(node
)->node_zones
[zone_type
];
4085 if (populated_zone(z
)) {
4087 &zonelist
->_zonerefs
[pos
++]);
4088 check_highest_zone(zone_type
);
4092 zonelist
->_zonerefs
[pos
].zone
= NULL
;
4093 zonelist
->_zonerefs
[pos
].zone_idx
= 0;
4096 #if defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
4098 * Devices that require DMA32/DMA are relatively rare and do not justify a
4099 * penalty to every machine in case the specialised case applies. Default
4100 * to Node-ordering on 64-bit NUMA machines
4102 static int default_zonelist_order(void)
4104 return ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE
;
4108 * On 32-bit, the Normal zone needs to be preserved for allocations accessible
4109 * by the kernel. If processes running on node 0 deplete the low memory zone
4110 * then reclaim will occur more frequency increasing stalls and potentially
4111 * be easier to OOM if a large percentage of the zone is under writeback or
4112 * dirty. The problem is significantly worse if CONFIG_HIGHPTE is not set.
4113 * Hence, default to zone ordering on 32-bit.
4115 static int default_zonelist_order(void)
4117 return ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE
;
4119 #endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */
4121 static void set_zonelist_order(void)
4123 if (user_zonelist_order
== ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT
)
4124 current_zonelist_order
= default_zonelist_order();
4126 current_zonelist_order
= user_zonelist_order
;
4129 static void build_zonelists(pg_data_t
*pgdat
)
4133 nodemask_t used_mask
;
4134 int local_node
, prev_node
;
4135 struct zonelist
*zonelist
;
4136 int order
= current_zonelist_order
;
4138 /* initialize zonelists */
4139 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_ZONELISTS
; i
++) {
4140 zonelist
= pgdat
->node_zonelists
+ i
;
4141 zonelist
->_zonerefs
[0].zone
= NULL
;
4142 zonelist
->_zonerefs
[0].zone_idx
= 0;
4145 /* NUMA-aware ordering of nodes */
4146 local_node
= pgdat
->node_id
;
4147 load
= nr_online_nodes
;
4148 prev_node
= local_node
;
4149 nodes_clear(used_mask
);
4151 memset(node_order
, 0, sizeof(node_order
));
4154 while ((node
= find_next_best_node(local_node
, &used_mask
)) >= 0) {
4156 * We don't want to pressure a particular node.
4157 * So adding penalty to the first node in same
4158 * distance group to make it round-robin.
4160 if (node_distance(local_node
, node
) !=
4161 node_distance(local_node
, prev_node
))
4162 node_load
[node
] = load
;
4166 if (order
== ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE
)
4167 build_zonelists_in_node_order(pgdat
, node
);
4169 node_order
[j
++] = node
; /* remember order */
4172 if (order
== ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE
) {
4173 /* calculate node order -- i.e., DMA last! */
4174 build_zonelists_in_zone_order(pgdat
, j
);
4177 build_thisnode_zonelists(pgdat
);
4180 /* Construct the zonelist performance cache - see further mmzone.h */
4181 static void build_zonelist_cache(pg_data_t
*pgdat
)
4183 struct zonelist
*zonelist
;
4184 struct zonelist_cache
*zlc
;
4187 zonelist
= &pgdat
->node_zonelists
[0];
4188 zonelist
->zlcache_ptr
= zlc
= &zonelist
->zlcache
;
4189 bitmap_zero(zlc
->fullzones
, MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST
);
4190 for (z
= zonelist
->_zonerefs
; z
->zone
; z
++)
4191 zlc
->z_to_n
[z
- zonelist
->_zonerefs
] = zonelist_node_idx(z
);
4194 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES
4196 * Return node id of node used for "local" allocations.
4197 * I.e., first node id of first zone in arg node's generic zonelist.
4198 * Used for initializing percpu 'numa_mem', which is used primarily
4199 * for kernel allocations, so use GFP_KERNEL flags to locate zonelist.
4201 int local_memory_node(int node
)
4205 (void)first_zones_zonelist(node_zonelist(node
, GFP_KERNEL
),
4206 gfp_zone(GFP_KERNEL
),
4213 #else /* CONFIG_NUMA */
4215 static void set_zonelist_order(void)
4217 current_zonelist_order
= ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE
;
4220 static void build_zonelists(pg_data_t
*pgdat
)
4222 int node
, local_node
;
4224 struct zonelist
*zonelist
;
4226 local_node
= pgdat
->node_id
;
4228 zonelist
= &pgdat
->node_zonelists
[0];
4229 j
= build_zonelists_node(pgdat
, zonelist
, 0);
4232 * Now we build the zonelist so that it contains the zones
4233 * of all the other nodes.
4234 * We don't want to pressure a particular node, so when
4235 * building the zones for node N, we make sure that the
4236 * zones coming right after the local ones are those from
4237 * node N+1 (modulo N)
4239 for (node
= local_node
+ 1; node
< MAX_NUMNODES
; node
++) {
4240 if (!node_online(node
))
4242 j
= build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node
), zonelist
, j
);
4244 for (node
= 0; node
< local_node
; node
++) {
4245 if (!node_online(node
))
4247 j
= build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node
), zonelist
, j
);
4250 zonelist
->_zonerefs
[j
].zone
= NULL
;
4251 zonelist
->_zonerefs
[j
].zone_idx
= 0;
4254 /* non-NUMA variant of zonelist performance cache - just NULL zlcache_ptr */
4255 static void build_zonelist_cache(pg_data_t
*pgdat
)
4257 pgdat
->node_zonelists
[0].zlcache_ptr
= NULL
;
4260 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
4263 * Boot pageset table. One per cpu which is going to be used for all
4264 * zones and all nodes. The parameters will be set in such a way
4265 * that an item put on a list will immediately be handed over to
4266 * the buddy list. This is safe since pageset manipulation is done
4267 * with interrupts disabled.
4269 * The boot_pagesets must be kept even after bootup is complete for
4270 * unused processors and/or zones. They do play a role for bootstrapping
4271 * hotplugged processors.
4273 * zoneinfo_show() and maybe other functions do
4274 * not check if the processor is online before following the pageset pointer.
4275 * Other parts of the kernel may not check if the zone is available.
4277 static void setup_pageset(struct per_cpu_pageset
*p
, unsigned long batch
);
4278 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct per_cpu_pageset
, boot_pageset
);
4279 static void setup_zone_pageset(struct zone
*zone
);
4282 * Global mutex to protect against size modification of zonelists
4283 * as well as to serialize pageset setup for the new populated zone.
4285 DEFINE_MUTEX(zonelists_mutex
);
4287 /* return values int ....just for stop_machine() */
4288 static int __build_all_zonelists(void *data
)
4292 pg_data_t
*self
= data
;
4295 memset(node_load
, 0, sizeof(node_load
));
4298 if (self
&& !node_online(self
->node_id
)) {
4299 build_zonelists(self
);
4300 build_zonelist_cache(self
);
4303 for_each_online_node(nid
) {
4304 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= NODE_DATA(nid
);
4306 build_zonelists(pgdat
);
4307 build_zonelist_cache(pgdat
);
4311 * Initialize the boot_pagesets that are going to be used
4312 * for bootstrapping processors. The real pagesets for
4313 * each zone will be allocated later when the per cpu
4314 * allocator is available.
4316 * boot_pagesets are used also for bootstrapping offline
4317 * cpus if the system is already booted because the pagesets
4318 * are needed to initialize allocators on a specific cpu too.
4319 * F.e. the percpu allocator needs the page allocator which
4320 * needs the percpu allocator in order to allocate its pagesets
4321 * (a chicken-egg dilemma).
4323 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu
) {
4324 setup_pageset(&per_cpu(boot_pageset
, cpu
), 0);
4326 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES
4328 * We now know the "local memory node" for each node--
4329 * i.e., the node of the first zone in the generic zonelist.
4330 * Set up numa_mem percpu variable for on-line cpus. During
4331 * boot, only the boot cpu should be on-line; we'll init the
4332 * secondary cpus' numa_mem as they come on-line. During
4333 * node/memory hotplug, we'll fixup all on-line cpus.
4335 if (cpu_online(cpu
))
4336 set_cpu_numa_mem(cpu
, local_memory_node(cpu_to_node(cpu
)));
4343 static noinline
void __init
4344 build_all_zonelists_init(void)
4346 __build_all_zonelists(NULL
);
4347 mminit_verify_zonelist();
4348 cpuset_init_current_mems_allowed();
4352 * Called with zonelists_mutex held always
4353 * unless system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING.
4355 * __ref due to (1) call of __meminit annotated setup_zone_pageset
4356 * [we're only called with non-NULL zone through __meminit paths] and
4357 * (2) call of __init annotated helper build_all_zonelists_init
4358 * [protected by SYSTEM_BOOTING].
4360 void __ref
build_all_zonelists(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, struct zone
*zone
)
4362 set_zonelist_order();
4364 if (system_state
== SYSTEM_BOOTING
) {
4365 build_all_zonelists_init();
4367 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
4369 setup_zone_pageset(zone
);
4371 /* we have to stop all cpus to guarantee there is no user
4373 stop_machine(__build_all_zonelists
, pgdat
, NULL
);
4374 /* cpuset refresh routine should be here */
4376 vm_total_pages
= nr_free_pagecache_pages();
4378 * Disable grouping by mobility if the number of pages in the
4379 * system is too low to allow the mechanism to work. It would be
4380 * more accurate, but expensive to check per-zone. This check is
4381 * made on memory-hotadd so a system can start with mobility
4382 * disabled and enable it later
4384 if (vm_total_pages
< (pageblock_nr_pages
* MIGRATE_TYPES
))
4385 page_group_by_mobility_disabled
= 1;
4387 page_group_by_mobility_disabled
= 0;
4389 pr_info("Built %i zonelists in %s order, mobility grouping %s. "
4390 "Total pages: %ld\n",
4392 zonelist_order_name
[current_zonelist_order
],
4393 page_group_by_mobility_disabled
? "off" : "on",
4396 pr_info("Policy zone: %s\n", zone_names
[policy_zone
]);
4401 * Helper functions to size the waitqueue hash table.
4402 * Essentially these want to choose hash table sizes sufficiently
4403 * large so that collisions trying to wait on pages are rare.
4404 * But in fact, the number of active page waitqueues on typical
4405 * systems is ridiculously low, less than 200. So this is even
4406 * conservative, even though it seems large.
4408 * The constant PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE specifies the ratio of pages to
4409 * waitqueues, i.e. the size of the waitq table given the number of pages.
4411 #define PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE 256
4413 #ifndef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
4414 static inline unsigned long wait_table_hash_nr_entries(unsigned long pages
)
4416 unsigned long size
= 1;
4418 pages
/= PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE
;
4420 while (size
< pages
)
4424 * Once we have dozens or even hundreds of threads sleeping
4425 * on IO we've got bigger problems than wait queue collision.
4426 * Limit the size of the wait table to a reasonable size.
4428 size
= min(size
, 4096UL);
4430 return max(size
, 4UL);
4434 * A zone's size might be changed by hot-add, so it is not possible to determine
4435 * a suitable size for its wait_table. So we use the maximum size now.
4437 * The max wait table size = 4096 x sizeof(wait_queue_head_t). ie:
4439 * i386 (preemption config) : 4096 x 16 = 64Kbyte.
4440 * ia64, x86-64 (no preemption): 4096 x 20 = 80Kbyte.
4441 * ia64, x86-64 (preemption) : 4096 x 24 = 96Kbyte.
4443 * The maximum entries are prepared when a zone's memory is (512K + 256) pages
4444 * or more by the traditional way. (See above). It equals:
4446 * i386, x86-64, powerpc(4K page size) : = ( 2G + 1M)byte.
4447 * ia64(16K page size) : = ( 8G + 4M)byte.
4448 * powerpc (64K page size) : = (32G +16M)byte.
4450 static inline unsigned long wait_table_hash_nr_entries(unsigned long pages
)
4457 * This is an integer logarithm so that shifts can be used later
4458 * to extract the more random high bits from the multiplicative
4459 * hash function before the remainder is taken.
4461 static inline unsigned long wait_table_bits(unsigned long size
)
4467 * Check if a pageblock contains reserved pages
4469 static int pageblock_is_reserved(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
4473 for (pfn
= start_pfn
; pfn
< end_pfn
; pfn
++) {
4474 if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn
) || PageReserved(pfn_to_page(pfn
)))
4481 * Mark a number of pageblocks as MIGRATE_RESERVE. The number
4482 * of blocks reserved is based on min_wmark_pages(zone). The memory within
4483 * the reserve will tend to store contiguous free pages. Setting min_free_kbytes
4484 * higher will lead to a bigger reserve which will get freed as contiguous
4485 * blocks as reclaim kicks in
4487 static void setup_zone_migrate_reserve(struct zone
*zone
)
4489 unsigned long start_pfn
, pfn
, end_pfn
, block_end_pfn
;
4491 unsigned long block_migratetype
;
4496 * Get the start pfn, end pfn and the number of blocks to reserve
4497 * We have to be careful to be aligned to pageblock_nr_pages to
4498 * make sure that we always check pfn_valid for the first page in
4501 start_pfn
= zone
->zone_start_pfn
;
4502 end_pfn
= zone_end_pfn(zone
);
4503 start_pfn
= roundup(start_pfn
, pageblock_nr_pages
);
4504 reserve
= roundup(min_wmark_pages(zone
), pageblock_nr_pages
) >>
4508 * Reserve blocks are generally in place to help high-order atomic
4509 * allocations that are short-lived. A min_free_kbytes value that
4510 * would result in more than 2 reserve blocks for atomic allocations
4511 * is assumed to be in place to help anti-fragmentation for the
4512 * future allocation of hugepages at runtime.
4514 reserve
= min(2, reserve
);
4515 old_reserve
= zone
->nr_migrate_reserve_block
;
4517 /* When memory hot-add, we almost always need to do nothing */
4518 if (reserve
== old_reserve
)
4520 zone
->nr_migrate_reserve_block
= reserve
;
4522 for (pfn
= start_pfn
; pfn
< end_pfn
; pfn
+= pageblock_nr_pages
) {
4523 if (!early_page_nid_uninitialised(pfn
, zone_to_nid(zone
)))
4526 if (!pfn_valid(pfn
))
4528 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn
);
4530 /* Watch out for overlapping nodes */
4531 if (page_to_nid(page
) != zone_to_nid(zone
))
4534 block_migratetype
= get_pageblock_migratetype(page
);
4536 /* Only test what is necessary when the reserves are not met */
4539 * Blocks with reserved pages will never free, skip
4542 block_end_pfn
= min(pfn
+ pageblock_nr_pages
, end_pfn
);
4543 if (pageblock_is_reserved(pfn
, block_end_pfn
))
4546 /* If this block is reserved, account for it */
4547 if (block_migratetype
== MIGRATE_RESERVE
) {
4552 /* Suitable for reserving if this block is movable */
4553 if (block_migratetype
== MIGRATE_MOVABLE
) {
4554 set_pageblock_migratetype(page
,
4556 move_freepages_block(zone
, page
,
4561 } else if (!old_reserve
) {
4563 * At boot time we don't need to scan the whole zone
4564 * for turning off MIGRATE_RESERVE.
4570 * If the reserve is met and this is a previous reserved block,
4573 if (block_migratetype
== MIGRATE_RESERVE
) {
4574 set_pageblock_migratetype(page
, MIGRATE_MOVABLE
);
4575 move_freepages_block(zone
, page
, MIGRATE_MOVABLE
);
4581 * Initially all pages are reserved - free ones are freed
4582 * up by free_all_bootmem() once the early boot process is
4583 * done. Non-atomic initialization, single-pass.
4585 void __meminit
memmap_init_zone(unsigned long size
, int nid
, unsigned long zone
,
4586 unsigned long start_pfn
, enum memmap_context context
)
4588 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= NODE_DATA(nid
);
4589 unsigned long end_pfn
= start_pfn
+ size
;
4592 unsigned long nr_initialised
= 0;
4594 if (highest_memmap_pfn
< end_pfn
- 1)
4595 highest_memmap_pfn
= end_pfn
- 1;
4597 z
= &pgdat
->node_zones
[zone
];
4598 for (pfn
= start_pfn
; pfn
< end_pfn
; pfn
++) {
4600 * There can be holes in boot-time mem_map[]s
4601 * handed to this function. They do not
4602 * exist on hotplugged memory.
4604 if (context
== MEMMAP_EARLY
) {
4605 if (!early_pfn_valid(pfn
))
4607 if (!early_pfn_in_nid(pfn
, nid
))
4609 if (!update_defer_init(pgdat
, pfn
, end_pfn
,
4615 * Mark the block movable so that blocks are reserved for
4616 * movable at startup. This will force kernel allocations
4617 * to reserve their blocks rather than leaking throughout
4618 * the address space during boot when many long-lived
4619 * kernel allocations are made. Later some blocks near
4620 * the start are marked MIGRATE_RESERVE by
4621 * setup_zone_migrate_reserve()
4623 * bitmap is created for zone's valid pfn range. but memmap
4624 * can be created for invalid pages (for alignment)
4625 * check here not to call set_pageblock_migratetype() against
4628 if (!(pfn
& (pageblock_nr_pages
- 1))) {
4629 struct page
*page
= pfn_to_page(pfn
);
4631 __init_single_page(page
, pfn
, zone
, nid
);
4632 set_pageblock_migratetype(page
, MIGRATE_MOVABLE
);
4634 __init_single_pfn(pfn
, zone
, nid
);
4639 static void __meminit
zone_init_free_lists(struct zone
*zone
)
4641 unsigned int order
, t
;
4642 for_each_migratetype_order(order
, t
) {
4643 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone
->free_area
[order
].free_list
[t
]);
4644 zone
->free_area
[order
].nr_free
= 0;
4648 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMMAP_INIT
4649 #define memmap_init(size, nid, zone, start_pfn) \
4650 memmap_init_zone((size), (nid), (zone), (start_pfn), MEMMAP_EARLY)
4653 static int zone_batchsize(struct zone
*zone
)
4659 * The per-cpu-pages pools are set to around 1000th of the
4660 * size of the zone. But no more than 1/2 of a meg.
4662 * OK, so we don't know how big the cache is. So guess.
4664 batch
= zone
->managed_pages
/ 1024;
4665 if (batch
* PAGE_SIZE
> 512 * 1024)
4666 batch
= (512 * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE
;
4667 batch
/= 4; /* We effectively *= 4 below */
4672 * Clamp the batch to a 2^n - 1 value. Having a power
4673 * of 2 value was found to be more likely to have
4674 * suboptimal cache aliasing properties in some cases.
4676 * For example if 2 tasks are alternately allocating
4677 * batches of pages, one task can end up with a lot
4678 * of pages of one half of the possible page colors
4679 * and the other with pages of the other colors.
4681 batch
= rounddown_pow_of_two(batch
+ batch
/2) - 1;
4686 /* The deferral and batching of frees should be suppressed under NOMMU
4689 * The problem is that NOMMU needs to be able to allocate large chunks
4690 * of contiguous memory as there's no hardware page translation to
4691 * assemble apparent contiguous memory from discontiguous pages.
4693 * Queueing large contiguous runs of pages for batching, however,
4694 * causes the pages to actually be freed in smaller chunks. As there
4695 * can be a significant delay between the individual batches being
4696 * recycled, this leads to the once large chunks of space being
4697 * fragmented and becoming unavailable for high-order allocations.
4704 * pcp->high and pcp->batch values are related and dependent on one another:
4705 * ->batch must never be higher then ->high.
4706 * The following function updates them in a safe manner without read side
4709 * Any new users of pcp->batch and pcp->high should ensure they can cope with
4710 * those fields changing asynchronously (acording the the above rule).
4712 * mutex_is_locked(&pcp_batch_high_lock) required when calling this function
4713 * outside of boot time (or some other assurance that no concurrent updaters
4716 static void pageset_update(struct per_cpu_pages
*pcp
, unsigned long high
,
4717 unsigned long batch
)
4719 /* start with a fail safe value for batch */
4723 /* Update high, then batch, in order */
4730 /* a companion to pageset_set_high() */
4731 static void pageset_set_batch(struct per_cpu_pageset
*p
, unsigned long batch
)
4733 pageset_update(&p
->pcp
, 6 * batch
, max(1UL, 1 * batch
));
4736 static void pageset_init(struct per_cpu_pageset
*p
)
4738 struct per_cpu_pages
*pcp
;
4741 memset(p
, 0, sizeof(*p
));
4745 for (migratetype
= 0; migratetype
< MIGRATE_PCPTYPES
; migratetype
++)
4746 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcp
->lists
[migratetype
]);
4749 static void setup_pageset(struct per_cpu_pageset
*p
, unsigned long batch
)
4752 pageset_set_batch(p
, batch
);
4756 * pageset_set_high() sets the high water mark for hot per_cpu_pagelist
4757 * to the value high for the pageset p.
4759 static void pageset_set_high(struct per_cpu_pageset
*p
,
4762 unsigned long batch
= max(1UL, high
/ 4);
4763 if ((high
/ 4) > (PAGE_SHIFT
* 8))
4764 batch
= PAGE_SHIFT
* 8;
4766 pageset_update(&p
->pcp
, high
, batch
);
4769 static void pageset_set_high_and_batch(struct zone
*zone
,
4770 struct per_cpu_pageset
*pcp
)
4772 if (percpu_pagelist_fraction
)
4773 pageset_set_high(pcp
,
4774 (zone
->managed_pages
/
4775 percpu_pagelist_fraction
));
4777 pageset_set_batch(pcp
, zone_batchsize(zone
));
4780 static void __meminit
zone_pageset_init(struct zone
*zone
, int cpu
)
4782 struct per_cpu_pageset
*pcp
= per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, cpu
);
4785 pageset_set_high_and_batch(zone
, pcp
);
4788 static void __meminit
setup_zone_pageset(struct zone
*zone
)
4791 zone
->pageset
= alloc_percpu(struct per_cpu_pageset
);
4792 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu
)
4793 zone_pageset_init(zone
, cpu
);
4797 * Allocate per cpu pagesets and initialize them.
4798 * Before this call only boot pagesets were available.
4800 void __init
setup_per_cpu_pageset(void)
4804 for_each_populated_zone(zone
)
4805 setup_zone_pageset(zone
);
4808 static noinline __init_refok
4809 int zone_wait_table_init(struct zone
*zone
, unsigned long zone_size_pages
)
4815 * The per-page waitqueue mechanism uses hashed waitqueues
4818 zone
->wait_table_hash_nr_entries
=
4819 wait_table_hash_nr_entries(zone_size_pages
);
4820 zone
->wait_table_bits
=
4821 wait_table_bits(zone
->wait_table_hash_nr_entries
);
4822 alloc_size
= zone
->wait_table_hash_nr_entries
4823 * sizeof(wait_queue_head_t
);
4825 if (!slab_is_available()) {
4826 zone
->wait_table
= (wait_queue_head_t
*)
4827 memblock_virt_alloc_node_nopanic(
4828 alloc_size
, zone
->zone_pgdat
->node_id
);
4831 * This case means that a zone whose size was 0 gets new memory
4832 * via memory hot-add.
4833 * But it may be the case that a new node was hot-added. In
4834 * this case vmalloc() will not be able to use this new node's
4835 * memory - this wait_table must be initialized to use this new
4836 * node itself as well.
4837 * To use this new node's memory, further consideration will be
4840 zone
->wait_table
= vmalloc(alloc_size
);
4842 if (!zone
->wait_table
)
4845 for (i
= 0; i
< zone
->wait_table_hash_nr_entries
; ++i
)
4846 init_waitqueue_head(zone
->wait_table
+ i
);
4851 static __meminit
void zone_pcp_init(struct zone
*zone
)
4854 * per cpu subsystem is not up at this point. The following code
4855 * relies on the ability of the linker to provide the
4856 * offset of a (static) per cpu variable into the per cpu area.
4858 zone
->pageset
= &boot_pageset
;
4860 if (populated_zone(zone
))
4861 printk(KERN_DEBUG
" %s zone: %lu pages, LIFO batch:%u\n",
4862 zone
->name
, zone
->present_pages
,
4863 zone_batchsize(zone
));
4866 int __meminit
init_currently_empty_zone(struct zone
*zone
,
4867 unsigned long zone_start_pfn
,
4869 enum memmap_context context
)
4871 struct pglist_data
*pgdat
= zone
->zone_pgdat
;
4873 ret
= zone_wait_table_init(zone
, size
);
4876 pgdat
->nr_zones
= zone_idx(zone
) + 1;
4878 zone
->zone_start_pfn
= zone_start_pfn
;
4880 mminit_dprintk(MMINIT_TRACE
, "memmap_init",
4881 "Initialising map node %d zone %lu pfns %lu -> %lu\n",
4883 (unsigned long)zone_idx(zone
),
4884 zone_start_pfn
, (zone_start_pfn
+ size
));
4886 zone_init_free_lists(zone
);
4891 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
4892 #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID
4895 * Required by SPARSEMEM. Given a PFN, return what node the PFN is on.
4897 int __meminit
__early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn
,
4898 struct mminit_pfnnid_cache
*state
)
4900 unsigned long start_pfn
, end_pfn
;
4903 if (state
->last_start
<= pfn
&& pfn
< state
->last_end
)
4904 return state
->last_nid
;
4906 nid
= memblock_search_pfn_nid(pfn
, &start_pfn
, &end_pfn
);
4908 state
->last_start
= start_pfn
;
4909 state
->last_end
= end_pfn
;
4910 state
->last_nid
= nid
;
4915 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID */
4918 * free_bootmem_with_active_regions - Call memblock_free_early_nid for each active range
4919 * @nid: The node to free memory on. If MAX_NUMNODES, all nodes are freed.
4920 * @max_low_pfn: The highest PFN that will be passed to memblock_free_early_nid
4922 * If an architecture guarantees that all ranges registered contain no holes
4923 * and may be freed, this this function may be used instead of calling
4924 * memblock_free_early_nid() manually.
4926 void __init
free_bootmem_with_active_regions(int nid
, unsigned long max_low_pfn
)
4928 unsigned long start_pfn
, end_pfn
;
4931 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i
, nid
, &start_pfn
, &end_pfn
, &this_nid
) {
4932 start_pfn
= min(start_pfn
, max_low_pfn
);
4933 end_pfn
= min(end_pfn
, max_low_pfn
);
4935 if (start_pfn
< end_pfn
)
4936 memblock_free_early_nid(PFN_PHYS(start_pfn
),
4937 (end_pfn
- start_pfn
) << PAGE_SHIFT
,
4943 * sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions - Call memory_present for each active range
4944 * @nid: The node to call memory_present for. If MAX_NUMNODES, all nodes will be used.
4946 * If an architecture guarantees that all ranges registered contain no holes and may
4947 * be freed, this function may be used instead of calling memory_present() manually.
4949 void __init
sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(int nid
)
4951 unsigned long start_pfn
, end_pfn
;
4954 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i
, nid
, &start_pfn
, &end_pfn
, &this_nid
)
4955 memory_present(this_nid
, start_pfn
, end_pfn
);
4959 * get_pfn_range_for_nid - Return the start and end page frames for a node
4960 * @nid: The nid to return the range for. If MAX_NUMNODES, the min and max PFN are returned.
4961 * @start_pfn: Passed by reference. On return, it will have the node start_pfn.
4962 * @end_pfn: Passed by reference. On return, it will have the node end_pfn.
4964 * It returns the start and end page frame of a node based on information
4965 * provided by memblock_set_node(). If called for a node
4966 * with no available memory, a warning is printed and the start and end
4969 void __meminit
get_pfn_range_for_nid(unsigned int nid
,
4970 unsigned long *start_pfn
, unsigned long *end_pfn
)
4972 unsigned long this_start_pfn
, this_end_pfn
;
4978 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i
, nid
, &this_start_pfn
, &this_end_pfn
, NULL
) {
4979 *start_pfn
= min(*start_pfn
, this_start_pfn
);
4980 *end_pfn
= max(*end_pfn
, this_end_pfn
);
4983 if (*start_pfn
== -1UL)
4988 * This finds a zone that can be used for ZONE_MOVABLE pages. The
4989 * assumption is made that zones within a node are ordered in monotonic
4990 * increasing memory addresses so that the "highest" populated zone is used
4992 static void __init
find_usable_zone_for_movable(void)
4995 for (zone_index
= MAX_NR_ZONES
- 1; zone_index
>= 0; zone_index
--) {
4996 if (zone_index
== ZONE_MOVABLE
)
4999 if (arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[zone_index
] >
5000 arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[zone_index
])
5004 VM_BUG_ON(zone_index
== -1);
5005 movable_zone
= zone_index
;
5009 * The zone ranges provided by the architecture do not include ZONE_MOVABLE
5010 * because it is sized independent of architecture. Unlike the other zones,
5011 * the starting point for ZONE_MOVABLE is not fixed. It may be different
5012 * in each node depending on the size of each node and how evenly kernelcore
5013 * is distributed. This helper function adjusts the zone ranges
5014 * provided by the architecture for a given node by using the end of the
5015 * highest usable zone for ZONE_MOVABLE. This preserves the assumption that
5016 * zones within a node are in order of monotonic increases memory addresses
5018 static void __meminit
adjust_zone_range_for_zone_movable(int nid
,
5019 unsigned long zone_type
,
5020 unsigned long node_start_pfn
,
5021 unsigned long node_end_pfn
,
5022 unsigned long *zone_start_pfn
,
5023 unsigned long *zone_end_pfn
)
5025 /* Only adjust if ZONE_MOVABLE is on this node */
5026 if (zone_movable_pfn
[nid
]) {
5027 /* Size ZONE_MOVABLE */
5028 if (zone_type
== ZONE_MOVABLE
) {
5029 *zone_start_pfn
= zone_movable_pfn
[nid
];
5030 *zone_end_pfn
= min(node_end_pfn
,
5031 arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[movable_zone
]);
5033 /* Adjust for ZONE_MOVABLE starting within this range */
5034 } else if (*zone_start_pfn
< zone_movable_pfn
[nid
] &&
5035 *zone_end_pfn
> zone_movable_pfn
[nid
]) {
5036 *zone_end_pfn
= zone_movable_pfn
[nid
];
5038 /* Check if this whole range is within ZONE_MOVABLE */
5039 } else if (*zone_start_pfn
>= zone_movable_pfn
[nid
])
5040 *zone_start_pfn
= *zone_end_pfn
;
5045 * Return the number of pages a zone spans in a node, including holes
5046 * present_pages = zone_spanned_pages_in_node() - zone_absent_pages_in_node()
5048 static unsigned long __meminit
zone_spanned_pages_in_node(int nid
,
5049 unsigned long zone_type
,
5050 unsigned long node_start_pfn
,
5051 unsigned long node_end_pfn
,
5052 unsigned long *ignored
)
5054 unsigned long zone_start_pfn
, zone_end_pfn
;
5056 /* Get the start and end of the zone */
5057 zone_start_pfn
= arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[zone_type
];
5058 zone_end_pfn
= arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[zone_type
];
5059 adjust_zone_range_for_zone_movable(nid
, zone_type
,
5060 node_start_pfn
, node_end_pfn
,
5061 &zone_start_pfn
, &zone_end_pfn
);
5063 /* Check that this node has pages within the zone's required range */
5064 if (zone_end_pfn
< node_start_pfn
|| zone_start_pfn
> node_end_pfn
)
5067 /* Move the zone boundaries inside the node if necessary */
5068 zone_end_pfn
= min(zone_end_pfn
, node_end_pfn
);
5069 zone_start_pfn
= max(zone_start_pfn
, node_start_pfn
);
5071 /* Return the spanned pages */
5072 return zone_end_pfn
- zone_start_pfn
;
5076 * Return the number of holes in a range on a node. If nid is MAX_NUMNODES,
5077 * then all holes in the requested range will be accounted for.
5079 unsigned long __meminit
__absent_pages_in_range(int nid
,
5080 unsigned long range_start_pfn
,
5081 unsigned long range_end_pfn
)
5083 unsigned long nr_absent
= range_end_pfn
- range_start_pfn
;
5084 unsigned long start_pfn
, end_pfn
;
5087 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i
, nid
, &start_pfn
, &end_pfn
, NULL
) {
5088 start_pfn
= clamp(start_pfn
, range_start_pfn
, range_end_pfn
);
5089 end_pfn
= clamp(end_pfn
, range_start_pfn
, range_end_pfn
);
5090 nr_absent
-= end_pfn
- start_pfn
;
5096 * absent_pages_in_range - Return number of page frames in holes within a range
5097 * @start_pfn: The start PFN to start searching for holes
5098 * @end_pfn: The end PFN to stop searching for holes
5100 * It returns the number of pages frames in memory holes within a range.
5102 unsigned long __init
absent_pages_in_range(unsigned long start_pfn
,
5103 unsigned long end_pfn
)
5105 return __absent_pages_in_range(MAX_NUMNODES
, start_pfn
, end_pfn
);
5108 /* Return the number of page frames in holes in a zone on a node */
5109 static unsigned long __meminit
zone_absent_pages_in_node(int nid
,
5110 unsigned long zone_type
,
5111 unsigned long node_start_pfn
,
5112 unsigned long node_end_pfn
,
5113 unsigned long *ignored
)
5115 unsigned long zone_low
= arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[zone_type
];
5116 unsigned long zone_high
= arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[zone_type
];
5117 unsigned long zone_start_pfn
, zone_end_pfn
;
5119 zone_start_pfn
= clamp(node_start_pfn
, zone_low
, zone_high
);
5120 zone_end_pfn
= clamp(node_end_pfn
, zone_low
, zone_high
);
5122 adjust_zone_range_for_zone_movable(nid
, zone_type
,
5123 node_start_pfn
, node_end_pfn
,
5124 &zone_start_pfn
, &zone_end_pfn
);
5125 return __absent_pages_in_range(nid
, zone_start_pfn
, zone_end_pfn
);
5128 #else /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */
5129 static inline unsigned long __meminit
zone_spanned_pages_in_node(int nid
,
5130 unsigned long zone_type
,
5131 unsigned long node_start_pfn
,
5132 unsigned long node_end_pfn
,
5133 unsigned long *zones_size
)
5135 return zones_size
[zone_type
];
5138 static inline unsigned long __meminit
zone_absent_pages_in_node(int nid
,
5139 unsigned long zone_type
,
5140 unsigned long node_start_pfn
,
5141 unsigned long node_end_pfn
,
5142 unsigned long *zholes_size
)
5147 return zholes_size
[zone_type
];
5150 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */
5152 static void __meminit
calculate_node_totalpages(struct pglist_data
*pgdat
,
5153 unsigned long node_start_pfn
,
5154 unsigned long node_end_pfn
,
5155 unsigned long *zones_size
,
5156 unsigned long *zholes_size
)
5158 unsigned long realtotalpages
= 0, totalpages
= 0;
5161 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; i
++) {
5162 struct zone
*zone
= pgdat
->node_zones
+ i
;
5163 unsigned long size
, real_size
;
5165 size
= zone_spanned_pages_in_node(pgdat
->node_id
, i
,
5169 real_size
= size
- zone_absent_pages_in_node(pgdat
->node_id
, i
,
5170 node_start_pfn
, node_end_pfn
,
5172 zone
->spanned_pages
= size
;
5173 zone
->present_pages
= real_size
;
5176 realtotalpages
+= real_size
;
5179 pgdat
->node_spanned_pages
= totalpages
;
5180 pgdat
->node_present_pages
= realtotalpages
;
5181 printk(KERN_DEBUG
"On node %d totalpages: %lu\n", pgdat
->node_id
,
5185 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
5187 * Calculate the size of the zone->blockflags rounded to an unsigned long
5188 * Start by making sure zonesize is a multiple of pageblock_order by rounding
5189 * up. Then use 1 NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS worth of bits per pageblock, finally
5190 * round what is now in bits to nearest long in bits, then return it in
5193 static unsigned long __init
usemap_size(unsigned long zone_start_pfn
, unsigned long zonesize
)
5195 unsigned long usemapsize
;
5197 zonesize
+= zone_start_pfn
& (pageblock_nr_pages
-1);
5198 usemapsize
= roundup(zonesize
, pageblock_nr_pages
);
5199 usemapsize
= usemapsize
>> pageblock_order
;
5200 usemapsize
*= NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS
;
5201 usemapsize
= roundup(usemapsize
, 8 * sizeof(unsigned long));
5203 return usemapsize
/ 8;
5206 static void __init
setup_usemap(struct pglist_data
*pgdat
,
5208 unsigned long zone_start_pfn
,
5209 unsigned long zonesize
)
5211 unsigned long usemapsize
= usemap_size(zone_start_pfn
, zonesize
);
5212 zone
->pageblock_flags
= NULL
;
5214 zone
->pageblock_flags
=
5215 memblock_virt_alloc_node_nopanic(usemapsize
,
5219 static inline void setup_usemap(struct pglist_data
*pgdat
, struct zone
*zone
,
5220 unsigned long zone_start_pfn
, unsigned long zonesize
) {}
5221 #endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
5223 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE
5225 /* Initialise the number of pages represented by NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS */
5226 void __paginginit
set_pageblock_order(void)
5230 /* Check that pageblock_nr_pages has not already been setup */
5231 if (pageblock_order
)
5234 if (HPAGE_SHIFT
> PAGE_SHIFT
)
5235 order
= HUGETLB_PAGE_ORDER
;
5237 order
= MAX_ORDER
- 1;
5240 * Assume the largest contiguous order of interest is a huge page.
5241 * This value may be variable depending on boot parameters on IA64 and
5244 pageblock_order
= order
;
5246 #else /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE */
5249 * When CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE is not set, set_pageblock_order()
5250 * is unused as pageblock_order is set at compile-time. See
5251 * include/linux/pageblock-flags.h for the values of pageblock_order based on
5254 void __paginginit
set_pageblock_order(void)
5258 #endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE */
5260 static unsigned long __paginginit
calc_memmap_size(unsigned long spanned_pages
,
5261 unsigned long present_pages
)
5263 unsigned long pages
= spanned_pages
;
5266 * Provide a more accurate estimation if there are holes within
5267 * the zone and SPARSEMEM is in use. If there are holes within the
5268 * zone, each populated memory region may cost us one or two extra
5269 * memmap pages due to alignment because memmap pages for each
5270 * populated regions may not naturally algined on page boundary.
5271 * So the (present_pages >> 4) heuristic is a tradeoff for that.
5273 if (spanned_pages
> present_pages
+ (present_pages
>> 4) &&
5274 IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
))
5275 pages
= present_pages
;
5277 return PAGE_ALIGN(pages
* sizeof(struct page
)) >> PAGE_SHIFT
;
5281 * Set up the zone data structures:
5282 * - mark all pages reserved
5283 * - mark all memory queues empty
5284 * - clear the memory bitmaps
5286 * NOTE: pgdat should get zeroed by caller.
5288 static void __paginginit
free_area_init_core(struct pglist_data
*pgdat
,
5289 unsigned long node_start_pfn
, unsigned long node_end_pfn
)
5292 int nid
= pgdat
->node_id
;
5293 unsigned long zone_start_pfn
= pgdat
->node_start_pfn
;
5296 pgdat_resize_init(pgdat
);
5297 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
5298 spin_lock_init(&pgdat
->numabalancing_migrate_lock
);
5299 pgdat
->numabalancing_migrate_nr_pages
= 0;
5300 pgdat
->numabalancing_migrate_next_window
= jiffies
;
5302 init_waitqueue_head(&pgdat
->kswapd_wait
);
5303 init_waitqueue_head(&pgdat
->pfmemalloc_wait
);
5304 pgdat_page_ext_init(pgdat
);
5306 for (j
= 0; j
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; j
++) {
5307 struct zone
*zone
= pgdat
->node_zones
+ j
;
5308 unsigned long size
, realsize
, freesize
, memmap_pages
;
5310 size
= zone
->spanned_pages
;
5311 realsize
= freesize
= zone
->present_pages
;
5314 * Adjust freesize so that it accounts for how much memory
5315 * is used by this zone for memmap. This affects the watermark
5316 * and per-cpu initialisations
5318 memmap_pages
= calc_memmap_size(size
, realsize
);
5319 if (!is_highmem_idx(j
)) {
5320 if (freesize
>= memmap_pages
) {
5321 freesize
-= memmap_pages
;
5324 " %s zone: %lu pages used for memmap\n",
5325 zone_names
[j
], memmap_pages
);
5328 " %s zone: %lu pages exceeds freesize %lu\n",
5329 zone_names
[j
], memmap_pages
, freesize
);
5332 /* Account for reserved pages */
5333 if (j
== 0 && freesize
> dma_reserve
) {
5334 freesize
-= dma_reserve
;
5335 printk(KERN_DEBUG
" %s zone: %lu pages reserved\n",
5336 zone_names
[0], dma_reserve
);
5339 if (!is_highmem_idx(j
))
5340 nr_kernel_pages
+= freesize
;
5341 /* Charge for highmem memmap if there are enough kernel pages */
5342 else if (nr_kernel_pages
> memmap_pages
* 2)
5343 nr_kernel_pages
-= memmap_pages
;
5344 nr_all_pages
+= freesize
;
5347 * Set an approximate value for lowmem here, it will be adjusted
5348 * when the bootmem allocator frees pages into the buddy system.
5349 * And all highmem pages will be managed by the buddy system.
5351 zone
->managed_pages
= is_highmem_idx(j
) ? realsize
: freesize
;
5354 zone
->min_unmapped_pages
= (freesize
*sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio
)
5356 zone
->min_slab_pages
= (freesize
* sysctl_min_slab_ratio
) / 100;
5358 zone
->name
= zone_names
[j
];
5359 spin_lock_init(&zone
->lock
);
5360 spin_lock_init(&zone
->lru_lock
);
5361 zone_seqlock_init(zone
);
5362 zone
->zone_pgdat
= pgdat
;
5363 zone_pcp_init(zone
);
5365 /* For bootup, initialized properly in watermark setup */
5366 mod_zone_page_state(zone
, NR_ALLOC_BATCH
, zone
->managed_pages
);
5368 lruvec_init(&zone
->lruvec
);
5372 set_pageblock_order();
5373 setup_usemap(pgdat
, zone
, zone_start_pfn
, size
);
5374 ret
= init_currently_empty_zone(zone
, zone_start_pfn
,
5375 size
, MEMMAP_EARLY
);
5377 memmap_init(size
, nid
, j
, zone_start_pfn
);
5378 zone_start_pfn
+= size
;
5382 static void __init_refok
alloc_node_mem_map(struct pglist_data
*pgdat
)
5384 /* Skip empty nodes */
5385 if (!pgdat
->node_spanned_pages
)
5388 #ifdef CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
5389 /* ia64 gets its own node_mem_map, before this, without bootmem */
5390 if (!pgdat
->node_mem_map
) {
5391 unsigned long size
, start
, end
;
5395 * The zone's endpoints aren't required to be MAX_ORDER
5396 * aligned but the node_mem_map endpoints must be in order
5397 * for the buddy allocator to function correctly.
5399 start
= pgdat
->node_start_pfn
& ~(MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
- 1);
5400 end
= pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat
);
5401 end
= ALIGN(end
, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
5402 size
= (end
- start
) * sizeof(struct page
);
5403 map
= alloc_remap(pgdat
->node_id
, size
);
5405 map
= memblock_virt_alloc_node_nopanic(size
,
5407 pgdat
->node_mem_map
= map
+ (pgdat
->node_start_pfn
- start
);
5409 #ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
5411 * With no DISCONTIG, the global mem_map is just set as node 0's
5413 if (pgdat
== NODE_DATA(0)) {
5414 mem_map
= NODE_DATA(0)->node_mem_map
;
5415 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
5416 if (page_to_pfn(mem_map
) != pgdat
->node_start_pfn
)
5417 mem_map
-= (pgdat
->node_start_pfn
- ARCH_PFN_OFFSET
);
5418 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */
5421 #endif /* CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP */
5424 void __paginginit
free_area_init_node(int nid
, unsigned long *zones_size
,
5425 unsigned long node_start_pfn
, unsigned long *zholes_size
)
5427 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= NODE_DATA(nid
);
5428 unsigned long start_pfn
= 0;
5429 unsigned long end_pfn
= 0;
5431 /* pg_data_t should be reset to zero when it's allocated */
5432 WARN_ON(pgdat
->nr_zones
|| pgdat
->classzone_idx
);
5434 reset_deferred_meminit(pgdat
);
5435 pgdat
->node_id
= nid
;
5436 pgdat
->node_start_pfn
= node_start_pfn
;
5437 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
5438 get_pfn_range_for_nid(nid
, &start_pfn
, &end_pfn
);
5439 pr_info("Initmem setup node %d [mem %#018Lx-%#018Lx]\n", nid
,
5440 (u64
)start_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
, ((u64
)end_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
) - 1);
5442 calculate_node_totalpages(pgdat
, start_pfn
, end_pfn
,
5443 zones_size
, zholes_size
);
5445 alloc_node_mem_map(pgdat
);
5446 #ifdef CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
5447 printk(KERN_DEBUG
"free_area_init_node: node %d, pgdat %08lx, node_mem_map %08lx\n",
5448 nid
, (unsigned long)pgdat
,
5449 (unsigned long)pgdat
->node_mem_map
);
5452 free_area_init_core(pgdat
, start_pfn
, end_pfn
);
5455 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
5457 #if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
5459 * Figure out the number of possible node ids.
5461 void __init
setup_nr_node_ids(void)
5464 unsigned int highest
= 0;
5466 for_each_node_mask(node
, node_possible_map
)
5468 nr_node_ids
= highest
+ 1;
5473 * node_map_pfn_alignment - determine the maximum internode alignment
5475 * This function should be called after node map is populated and sorted.
5476 * It calculates the maximum power of two alignment which can distinguish
5479 * For example, if all nodes are 1GiB and aligned to 1GiB, the return value
5480 * would indicate 1GiB alignment with (1 << (30 - PAGE_SHIFT)). If the
5481 * nodes are shifted by 256MiB, 256MiB. Note that if only the last node is
5482 * shifted, 1GiB is enough and this function will indicate so.
5484 * This is used to test whether pfn -> nid mapping of the chosen memory
5485 * model has fine enough granularity to avoid incorrect mapping for the
5486 * populated node map.
5488 * Returns the determined alignment in pfn's. 0 if there is no alignment
5489 * requirement (single node).
5491 unsigned long __init
node_map_pfn_alignment(void)
5493 unsigned long accl_mask
= 0, last_end
= 0;
5494 unsigned long start
, end
, mask
;
5498 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i
, MAX_NUMNODES
, &start
, &end
, &nid
) {
5499 if (!start
|| last_nid
< 0 || last_nid
== nid
) {
5506 * Start with a mask granular enough to pin-point to the
5507 * start pfn and tick off bits one-by-one until it becomes
5508 * too coarse to separate the current node from the last.
5510 mask
= ~((1 << __ffs(start
)) - 1);
5511 while (mask
&& last_end
<= (start
& (mask
<< 1)))
5514 /* accumulate all internode masks */
5518 /* convert mask to number of pages */
5519 return ~accl_mask
+ 1;
5522 /* Find the lowest pfn for a node */
5523 static unsigned long __init
find_min_pfn_for_node(int nid
)
5525 unsigned long min_pfn
= ULONG_MAX
;
5526 unsigned long start_pfn
;
5529 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i
, nid
, &start_pfn
, NULL
, NULL
)
5530 min_pfn
= min(min_pfn
, start_pfn
);
5532 if (min_pfn
== ULONG_MAX
) {
5534 "Could not find start_pfn for node %d\n", nid
);
5542 * find_min_pfn_with_active_regions - Find the minimum PFN registered
5544 * It returns the minimum PFN based on information provided via
5545 * memblock_set_node().
5547 unsigned long __init
find_min_pfn_with_active_regions(void)
5549 return find_min_pfn_for_node(MAX_NUMNODES
);
5553 * early_calculate_totalpages()
5554 * Sum pages in active regions for movable zone.
5555 * Populate N_MEMORY for calculating usable_nodes.
5557 static unsigned long __init
early_calculate_totalpages(void)
5559 unsigned long totalpages
= 0;
5560 unsigned long start_pfn
, end_pfn
;
5563 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i
, MAX_NUMNODES
, &start_pfn
, &end_pfn
, &nid
) {
5564 unsigned long pages
= end_pfn
- start_pfn
;
5566 totalpages
+= pages
;
5568 node_set_state(nid
, N_MEMORY
);
5574 * Find the PFN the Movable zone begins in each node. Kernel memory
5575 * is spread evenly between nodes as long as the nodes have enough
5576 * memory. When they don't, some nodes will have more kernelcore than
5579 static void __init
find_zone_movable_pfns_for_nodes(void)
5582 unsigned long usable_startpfn
;
5583 unsigned long kernelcore_node
, kernelcore_remaining
;
5584 /* save the state before borrow the nodemask */
5585 nodemask_t saved_node_state
= node_states
[N_MEMORY
];
5586 unsigned long totalpages
= early_calculate_totalpages();
5587 int usable_nodes
= nodes_weight(node_states
[N_MEMORY
]);
5588 struct memblock_region
*r
;
5590 /* Need to find movable_zone earlier when movable_node is specified. */
5591 find_usable_zone_for_movable();
5594 * If movable_node is specified, ignore kernelcore and movablecore
5597 if (movable_node_is_enabled()) {
5598 for_each_memblock(memory
, r
) {
5599 if (!memblock_is_hotpluggable(r
))
5604 usable_startpfn
= PFN_DOWN(r
->base
);
5605 zone_movable_pfn
[nid
] = zone_movable_pfn
[nid
] ?
5606 min(usable_startpfn
, zone_movable_pfn
[nid
]) :
5614 * If movablecore=nn[KMG] was specified, calculate what size of
5615 * kernelcore that corresponds so that memory usable for
5616 * any allocation type is evenly spread. If both kernelcore
5617 * and movablecore are specified, then the value of kernelcore
5618 * will be used for required_kernelcore if it's greater than
5619 * what movablecore would have allowed.
5621 if (required_movablecore
) {
5622 unsigned long corepages
;
5625 * Round-up so that ZONE_MOVABLE is at least as large as what
5626 * was requested by the user
5628 required_movablecore
=
5629 roundup(required_movablecore
, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
5630 corepages
= totalpages
- required_movablecore
;
5632 required_kernelcore
= max(required_kernelcore
, corepages
);
5635 /* If kernelcore was not specified, there is no ZONE_MOVABLE */
5636 if (!required_kernelcore
)
5639 /* usable_startpfn is the lowest possible pfn ZONE_MOVABLE can be at */
5640 usable_startpfn
= arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[movable_zone
];
5643 /* Spread kernelcore memory as evenly as possible throughout nodes */
5644 kernelcore_node
= required_kernelcore
/ usable_nodes
;
5645 for_each_node_state(nid
, N_MEMORY
) {
5646 unsigned long start_pfn
, end_pfn
;
5649 * Recalculate kernelcore_node if the division per node
5650 * now exceeds what is necessary to satisfy the requested
5651 * amount of memory for the kernel
5653 if (required_kernelcore
< kernelcore_node
)
5654 kernelcore_node
= required_kernelcore
/ usable_nodes
;
5657 * As the map is walked, we track how much memory is usable
5658 * by the kernel using kernelcore_remaining. When it is
5659 * 0, the rest of the node is usable by ZONE_MOVABLE
5661 kernelcore_remaining
= kernelcore_node
;
5663 /* Go through each range of PFNs within this node */
5664 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i
, nid
, &start_pfn
, &end_pfn
, NULL
) {
5665 unsigned long size_pages
;
5667 start_pfn
= max(start_pfn
, zone_movable_pfn
[nid
]);
5668 if (start_pfn
>= end_pfn
)
5671 /* Account for what is only usable for kernelcore */
5672 if (start_pfn
< usable_startpfn
) {
5673 unsigned long kernel_pages
;
5674 kernel_pages
= min(end_pfn
, usable_startpfn
)
5677 kernelcore_remaining
-= min(kernel_pages
,
5678 kernelcore_remaining
);
5679 required_kernelcore
-= min(kernel_pages
,
5680 required_kernelcore
);
5682 /* Continue if range is now fully accounted */
5683 if (end_pfn
<= usable_startpfn
) {
5686 * Push zone_movable_pfn to the end so
5687 * that if we have to rebalance
5688 * kernelcore across nodes, we will
5689 * not double account here
5691 zone_movable_pfn
[nid
] = end_pfn
;
5694 start_pfn
= usable_startpfn
;
5698 * The usable PFN range for ZONE_MOVABLE is from
5699 * start_pfn->end_pfn. Calculate size_pages as the
5700 * number of pages used as kernelcore
5702 size_pages
= end_pfn
- start_pfn
;
5703 if (size_pages
> kernelcore_remaining
)
5704 size_pages
= kernelcore_remaining
;
5705 zone_movable_pfn
[nid
] = start_pfn
+ size_pages
;
5708 * Some kernelcore has been met, update counts and
5709 * break if the kernelcore for this node has been
5712 required_kernelcore
-= min(required_kernelcore
,
5714 kernelcore_remaining
-= size_pages
;
5715 if (!kernelcore_remaining
)
5721 * If there is still required_kernelcore, we do another pass with one
5722 * less node in the count. This will push zone_movable_pfn[nid] further
5723 * along on the nodes that still have memory until kernelcore is
5727 if (usable_nodes
&& required_kernelcore
> usable_nodes
)
5731 /* Align start of ZONE_MOVABLE on all nids to MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES */
5732 for (nid
= 0; nid
< MAX_NUMNODES
; nid
++)
5733 zone_movable_pfn
[nid
] =
5734 roundup(zone_movable_pfn
[nid
], MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
5737 /* restore the node_state */
5738 node_states
[N_MEMORY
] = saved_node_state
;
5741 /* Any regular or high memory on that node ? */
5742 static void check_for_memory(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, int nid
)
5744 enum zone_type zone_type
;
5746 if (N_MEMORY
== N_NORMAL_MEMORY
)
5749 for (zone_type
= 0; zone_type
<= ZONE_MOVABLE
- 1; zone_type
++) {
5750 struct zone
*zone
= &pgdat
->node_zones
[zone_type
];
5751 if (populated_zone(zone
)) {
5752 node_set_state(nid
, N_HIGH_MEMORY
);
5753 if (N_NORMAL_MEMORY
!= N_HIGH_MEMORY
&&
5754 zone_type
<= ZONE_NORMAL
)
5755 node_set_state(nid
, N_NORMAL_MEMORY
);
5762 * free_area_init_nodes - Initialise all pg_data_t and zone data
5763 * @max_zone_pfn: an array of max PFNs for each zone
5765 * This will call free_area_init_node() for each active node in the system.
5766 * Using the page ranges provided by memblock_set_node(), the size of each
5767 * zone in each node and their holes is calculated. If the maximum PFN
5768 * between two adjacent zones match, it is assumed that the zone is empty.
5769 * For example, if arch_max_dma_pfn == arch_max_dma32_pfn, it is assumed
5770 * that arch_max_dma32_pfn has no pages. It is also assumed that a zone
5771 * starts where the previous one ended. For example, ZONE_DMA32 starts
5772 * at arch_max_dma_pfn.
5774 void __init
free_area_init_nodes(unsigned long *max_zone_pfn
)
5776 unsigned long start_pfn
, end_pfn
;
5779 /* Record where the zone boundaries are */
5780 memset(arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
, 0,
5781 sizeof(arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
));
5782 memset(arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
, 0,
5783 sizeof(arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
));
5784 arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[0] = find_min_pfn_with_active_regions();
5785 arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[0] = max_zone_pfn
[0];
5786 for (i
= 1; i
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; i
++) {
5787 if (i
== ZONE_MOVABLE
)
5789 arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[i
] =
5790 arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[i
-1];
5791 arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[i
] =
5792 max(max_zone_pfn
[i
], arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[i
]);
5794 arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[ZONE_MOVABLE
] = 0;
5795 arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[ZONE_MOVABLE
] = 0;
5797 /* Find the PFNs that ZONE_MOVABLE begins at in each node */
5798 memset(zone_movable_pfn
, 0, sizeof(zone_movable_pfn
));
5799 find_zone_movable_pfns_for_nodes();
5801 /* Print out the zone ranges */
5802 pr_info("Zone ranges:\n");
5803 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; i
++) {
5804 if (i
== ZONE_MOVABLE
)
5806 pr_info(" %-8s ", zone_names
[i
]);
5807 if (arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[i
] ==
5808 arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[i
])
5811 pr_cont("[mem %#018Lx-%#018Lx]\n",
5812 (u64
)arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn
[i
]
5814 ((u64
)arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn
[i
]
5815 << PAGE_SHIFT
) - 1);
5818 /* Print out the PFNs ZONE_MOVABLE begins at in each node */
5819 pr_info("Movable zone start for each node\n");
5820 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_NUMNODES
; i
++) {
5821 if (zone_movable_pfn
[i
])
5822 pr_info(" Node %d: %#018Lx\n", i
,
5823 (u64
)zone_movable_pfn
[i
] << PAGE_SHIFT
);
5826 /* Print out the early node map */
5827 pr_info("Early memory node ranges\n");
5828 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i
, MAX_NUMNODES
, &start_pfn
, &end_pfn
, &nid
)
5829 pr_info(" node %3d: [mem %#018Lx-%#018Lx]\n", nid
,
5830 (u64
)start_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
,
5831 ((u64
)end_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
) - 1);
5833 /* Initialise every node */
5834 mminit_verify_pageflags_layout();
5835 setup_nr_node_ids();
5836 for_each_online_node(nid
) {
5837 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= NODE_DATA(nid
);
5838 free_area_init_node(nid
, NULL
,
5839 find_min_pfn_for_node(nid
), NULL
);
5841 /* Any memory on that node */
5842 if (pgdat
->node_present_pages
)
5843 node_set_state(nid
, N_MEMORY
);
5844 check_for_memory(pgdat
, nid
);
5848 static int __init
cmdline_parse_core(char *p
, unsigned long *core
)
5850 unsigned long long coremem
;
5854 coremem
= memparse(p
, &p
);
5855 *core
= coremem
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
5857 /* Paranoid check that UL is enough for the coremem value */
5858 WARN_ON((coremem
>> PAGE_SHIFT
) > ULONG_MAX
);
5864 * kernelcore=size sets the amount of memory for use for allocations that
5865 * cannot be reclaimed or migrated.
5867 static int __init
cmdline_parse_kernelcore(char *p
)
5869 return cmdline_parse_core(p
, &required_kernelcore
);
5873 * movablecore=size sets the amount of memory for use for allocations that
5874 * can be reclaimed or migrated.
5876 static int __init
cmdline_parse_movablecore(char *p
)
5878 return cmdline_parse_core(p
, &required_movablecore
);
5881 early_param("kernelcore", cmdline_parse_kernelcore
);
5882 early_param("movablecore", cmdline_parse_movablecore
);
5884 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */
5886 void adjust_managed_page_count(struct page
*page
, long count
)
5888 spin_lock(&managed_page_count_lock
);
5889 page_zone(page
)->managed_pages
+= count
;
5890 totalram_pages
+= count
;
5891 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
5892 if (PageHighMem(page
))
5893 totalhigh_pages
+= count
;
5895 spin_unlock(&managed_page_count_lock
);
5897 EXPORT_SYMBOL(adjust_managed_page_count
);
5899 unsigned long free_reserved_area(void *start
, void *end
, int poison
, char *s
)
5902 unsigned long pages
= 0;
5904 start
= (void *)PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long)start
);
5905 end
= (void *)((unsigned long)end
& PAGE_MASK
);
5906 for (pos
= start
; pos
< end
; pos
+= PAGE_SIZE
, pages
++) {
5907 if ((unsigned int)poison
<= 0xFF)
5908 memset(pos
, poison
, PAGE_SIZE
);
5909 free_reserved_page(virt_to_page(pos
));
5913 pr_info("Freeing %s memory: %ldK (%p - %p)\n",
5914 s
, pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
- 10), start
, end
);
5918 EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_reserved_area
);
5920 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
5921 void free_highmem_page(struct page
*page
)
5923 __free_reserved_page(page
);
5925 page_zone(page
)->managed_pages
++;
5931 void __init
mem_init_print_info(const char *str
)
5933 unsigned long physpages
, codesize
, datasize
, rosize
, bss_size
;
5934 unsigned long init_code_size
, init_data_size
;
5936 physpages
= get_num_physpages();
5937 codesize
= _etext
- _stext
;
5938 datasize
= _edata
- _sdata
;
5939 rosize
= __end_rodata
- __start_rodata
;
5940 bss_size
= __bss_stop
- __bss_start
;
5941 init_data_size
= __init_end
- __init_begin
;
5942 init_code_size
= _einittext
- _sinittext
;
5945 * Detect special cases and adjust section sizes accordingly:
5946 * 1) .init.* may be embedded into .data sections
5947 * 2) .init.text.* may be out of [__init_begin, __init_end],
5948 * please refer to arch/tile/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S.
5949 * 3) .rodata.* may be embedded into .text or .data sections.
5951 #define adj_init_size(start, end, size, pos, adj) \
5953 if (start <= pos && pos < end && size > adj) \
5957 adj_init_size(__init_begin
, __init_end
, init_data_size
,
5958 _sinittext
, init_code_size
);
5959 adj_init_size(_stext
, _etext
, codesize
, _sinittext
, init_code_size
);
5960 adj_init_size(_sdata
, _edata
, datasize
, __init_begin
, init_data_size
);
5961 adj_init_size(_stext
, _etext
, codesize
, __start_rodata
, rosize
);
5962 adj_init_size(_sdata
, _edata
, datasize
, __start_rodata
, rosize
);
5964 #undef adj_init_size
5966 pr_info("Memory: %luK/%luK available "
5967 "(%luK kernel code, %luK rwdata, %luK rodata, "
5968 "%luK init, %luK bss, %luK reserved, %luK cma-reserved"
5969 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
5973 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT
-10), physpages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
5974 codesize
>> 10, datasize
>> 10, rosize
>> 10,
5975 (init_data_size
+ init_code_size
) >> 10, bss_size
>> 10,
5976 (physpages
- totalram_pages
- totalcma_pages
) << (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
5977 totalcma_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
5978 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
5979 totalhigh_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
5981 str
? ", " : "", str
? str
: "");
5985 * set_dma_reserve - set the specified number of pages reserved in the first zone
5986 * @new_dma_reserve: The number of pages to mark reserved
5988 * The per-cpu batchsize and zone watermarks are determined by present_pages.
5989 * In the DMA zone, a significant percentage may be consumed by kernel image
5990 * and other unfreeable allocations which can skew the watermarks badly. This
5991 * function may optionally be used to account for unfreeable pages in the
5992 * first zone (e.g., ZONE_DMA). The effect will be lower watermarks and
5993 * smaller per-cpu batchsize.
5995 void __init
set_dma_reserve(unsigned long new_dma_reserve
)
5997 dma_reserve
= new_dma_reserve
;
6000 void __init
free_area_init(unsigned long *zones_size
)
6002 free_area_init_node(0, zones_size
,
6003 __pa(PAGE_OFFSET
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
, NULL
);
6006 static int page_alloc_cpu_notify(struct notifier_block
*self
,
6007 unsigned long action
, void *hcpu
)
6009 int cpu
= (unsigned long)hcpu
;
6011 if (action
== CPU_DEAD
|| action
== CPU_DEAD_FROZEN
) {
6012 lru_add_drain_cpu(cpu
);
6016 * Spill the event counters of the dead processor
6017 * into the current processors event counters.
6018 * This artificially elevates the count of the current
6021 vm_events_fold_cpu(cpu
);
6024 * Zero the differential counters of the dead processor
6025 * so that the vm statistics are consistent.
6027 * This is only okay since the processor is dead and cannot
6028 * race with what we are doing.
6030 cpu_vm_stats_fold(cpu
);
6035 void __init
page_alloc_init(void)
6037 hotcpu_notifier(page_alloc_cpu_notify
, 0);
6041 * calculate_totalreserve_pages - called when sysctl_lower_zone_reserve_ratio
6042 * or min_free_kbytes changes.
6044 static void calculate_totalreserve_pages(void)
6046 struct pglist_data
*pgdat
;
6047 unsigned long reserve_pages
= 0;
6048 enum zone_type i
, j
;
6050 for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat
) {
6051 for (i
= 0; i
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; i
++) {
6052 struct zone
*zone
= pgdat
->node_zones
+ i
;
6055 /* Find valid and maximum lowmem_reserve in the zone */
6056 for (j
= i
; j
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; j
++) {
6057 if (zone
->lowmem_reserve
[j
] > max
)
6058 max
= zone
->lowmem_reserve
[j
];
6061 /* we treat the high watermark as reserved pages. */
6062 max
+= high_wmark_pages(zone
);
6064 if (max
> zone
->managed_pages
)
6065 max
= zone
->managed_pages
;
6066 reserve_pages
+= max
;
6068 * Lowmem reserves are not available to
6069 * GFP_HIGHUSER page cache allocations and
6070 * kswapd tries to balance zones to their high
6071 * watermark. As a result, neither should be
6072 * regarded as dirtyable memory, to prevent a
6073 * situation where reclaim has to clean pages
6074 * in order to balance the zones.
6076 zone
->dirty_balance_reserve
= max
;
6079 dirty_balance_reserve
= reserve_pages
;
6080 totalreserve_pages
= reserve_pages
;
6084 * setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve - called whenever
6085 * sysctl_lower_zone_reserve_ratio changes. Ensures that each zone
6086 * has a correct pages reserved value, so an adequate number of
6087 * pages are left in the zone after a successful __alloc_pages().
6089 static void setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve(void)
6091 struct pglist_data
*pgdat
;
6092 enum zone_type j
, idx
;
6094 for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat
) {
6095 for (j
= 0; j
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; j
++) {
6096 struct zone
*zone
= pgdat
->node_zones
+ j
;
6097 unsigned long managed_pages
= zone
->managed_pages
;
6099 zone
->lowmem_reserve
[j
] = 0;
6103 struct zone
*lower_zone
;
6107 if (sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio
[idx
] < 1)
6108 sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio
[idx
] = 1;
6110 lower_zone
= pgdat
->node_zones
+ idx
;
6111 lower_zone
->lowmem_reserve
[j
] = managed_pages
/
6112 sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio
[idx
];
6113 managed_pages
+= lower_zone
->managed_pages
;
6118 /* update totalreserve_pages */
6119 calculate_totalreserve_pages();
6122 static void __setup_per_zone_wmarks(void)
6124 unsigned long pages_min
= min_free_kbytes
>> (PAGE_SHIFT
- 10);
6125 unsigned long lowmem_pages
= 0;
6127 unsigned long flags
;
6129 /* Calculate total number of !ZONE_HIGHMEM pages */
6130 for_each_zone(zone
) {
6131 if (!is_highmem(zone
))
6132 lowmem_pages
+= zone
->managed_pages
;
6135 for_each_zone(zone
) {
6138 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
6139 tmp
= (u64
)pages_min
* zone
->managed_pages
;
6140 do_div(tmp
, lowmem_pages
);
6141 if (is_highmem(zone
)) {
6143 * __GFP_HIGH and PF_MEMALLOC allocations usually don't
6144 * need highmem pages, so cap pages_min to a small
6147 * The WMARK_HIGH-WMARK_LOW and (WMARK_LOW-WMARK_MIN)
6148 * deltas control asynch page reclaim, and so should
6149 * not be capped for highmem.
6151 unsigned long min_pages
;
6153 min_pages
= zone
->managed_pages
/ 1024;
6154 min_pages
= clamp(min_pages
, SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX
, 128UL);
6155 zone
->watermark
[WMARK_MIN
] = min_pages
;
6158 * If it's a lowmem zone, reserve a number of pages
6159 * proportionate to the zone's size.
6161 zone
->watermark
[WMARK_MIN
] = tmp
;
6164 zone
->watermark
[WMARK_LOW
] = min_wmark_pages(zone
) + (tmp
>> 2);
6165 zone
->watermark
[WMARK_HIGH
] = min_wmark_pages(zone
) + (tmp
>> 1);
6167 __mod_zone_page_state(zone
, NR_ALLOC_BATCH
,
6168 high_wmark_pages(zone
) - low_wmark_pages(zone
) -
6169 atomic_long_read(&zone
->vm_stat
[NR_ALLOC_BATCH
]));
6171 setup_zone_migrate_reserve(zone
);
6172 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
6175 /* update totalreserve_pages */
6176 calculate_totalreserve_pages();
6180 * setup_per_zone_wmarks - called when min_free_kbytes changes
6181 * or when memory is hot-{added|removed}
6183 * Ensures that the watermark[min,low,high] values for each zone are set
6184 * correctly with respect to min_free_kbytes.
6186 void setup_per_zone_wmarks(void)
6188 mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex
);
6189 __setup_per_zone_wmarks();
6190 mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex
);
6194 * The inactive anon list should be small enough that the VM never has to
6195 * do too much work, but large enough that each inactive page has a chance
6196 * to be referenced again before it is swapped out.
6198 * The inactive_anon ratio is the target ratio of ACTIVE_ANON to
6199 * INACTIVE_ANON pages on this zone's LRU, maintained by the
6200 * pageout code. A zone->inactive_ratio of 3 means 3:1 or 25% of
6201 * the anonymous pages are kept on the inactive list.
6204 * memory ratio inactive anon
6205 * -------------------------------------
6214 static void __meminit
calculate_zone_inactive_ratio(struct zone
*zone
)
6216 unsigned int gb
, ratio
;
6218 /* Zone size in gigabytes */
6219 gb
= zone
->managed_pages
>> (30 - PAGE_SHIFT
);
6221 ratio
= int_sqrt(10 * gb
);
6225 zone
->inactive_ratio
= ratio
;
6228 static void __meminit
setup_per_zone_inactive_ratio(void)
6233 calculate_zone_inactive_ratio(zone
);
6237 * Initialise min_free_kbytes.
6239 * For small machines we want it small (128k min). For large machines
6240 * we want it large (64MB max). But it is not linear, because network
6241 * bandwidth does not increase linearly with machine size. We use
6243 * min_free_kbytes = 4 * sqrt(lowmem_kbytes), for better accuracy:
6244 * min_free_kbytes = sqrt(lowmem_kbytes * 16)
6260 int __meminit
init_per_zone_wmark_min(void)
6262 unsigned long lowmem_kbytes
;
6263 int new_min_free_kbytes
;
6265 lowmem_kbytes
= nr_free_buffer_pages() * (PAGE_SIZE
>> 10);
6266 new_min_free_kbytes
= int_sqrt(lowmem_kbytes
* 16);
6268 if (new_min_free_kbytes
> user_min_free_kbytes
) {
6269 min_free_kbytes
= new_min_free_kbytes
;
6270 if (min_free_kbytes
< 128)
6271 min_free_kbytes
= 128;
6272 if (min_free_kbytes
> 65536)
6273 min_free_kbytes
= 65536;
6275 pr_warn("min_free_kbytes is not updated to %d because user defined value %d is preferred\n",
6276 new_min_free_kbytes
, user_min_free_kbytes
);
6278 setup_per_zone_wmarks();
6279 refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
6280 setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve();
6281 setup_per_zone_inactive_ratio();
6284 module_init(init_per_zone_wmark_min
)
6287 * min_free_kbytes_sysctl_handler - just a wrapper around proc_dointvec() so
6288 * that we can call two helper functions whenever min_free_kbytes
6291 int min_free_kbytes_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table
*table
, int write
,
6292 void __user
*buffer
, size_t *length
, loff_t
*ppos
)
6296 rc
= proc_dointvec_minmax(table
, write
, buffer
, length
, ppos
);
6301 user_min_free_kbytes
= min_free_kbytes
;
6302 setup_per_zone_wmarks();
6308 int sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table
*table
, int write
,
6309 void __user
*buffer
, size_t *length
, loff_t
*ppos
)
6314 rc
= proc_dointvec_minmax(table
, write
, buffer
, length
, ppos
);
6319 zone
->min_unmapped_pages
= (zone
->managed_pages
*
6320 sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio
) / 100;
6324 int sysctl_min_slab_ratio_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table
*table
, int write
,
6325 void __user
*buffer
, size_t *length
, loff_t
*ppos
)
6330 rc
= proc_dointvec_minmax(table
, write
, buffer
, length
, ppos
);
6335 zone
->min_slab_pages
= (zone
->managed_pages
*
6336 sysctl_min_slab_ratio
) / 100;
6342 * lowmem_reserve_ratio_sysctl_handler - just a wrapper around
6343 * proc_dointvec() so that we can call setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve()
6344 * whenever sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio changes.
6346 * The reserve ratio obviously has absolutely no relation with the
6347 * minimum watermarks. The lowmem reserve ratio can only make sense
6348 * if in function of the boot time zone sizes.
6350 int lowmem_reserve_ratio_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table
*table
, int write
,
6351 void __user
*buffer
, size_t *length
, loff_t
*ppos
)
6353 proc_dointvec_minmax(table
, write
, buffer
, length
, ppos
);
6354 setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve();
6359 * percpu_pagelist_fraction - changes the pcp->high for each zone on each
6360 * cpu. It is the fraction of total pages in each zone that a hot per cpu
6361 * pagelist can have before it gets flushed back to buddy allocator.
6363 int percpu_pagelist_fraction_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table
*table
, int write
,
6364 void __user
*buffer
, size_t *length
, loff_t
*ppos
)
6367 int old_percpu_pagelist_fraction
;
6370 mutex_lock(&pcp_batch_high_lock
);
6371 old_percpu_pagelist_fraction
= percpu_pagelist_fraction
;
6373 ret
= proc_dointvec_minmax(table
, write
, buffer
, length
, ppos
);
6374 if (!write
|| ret
< 0)
6377 /* Sanity checking to avoid pcp imbalance */
6378 if (percpu_pagelist_fraction
&&
6379 percpu_pagelist_fraction
< MIN_PERCPU_PAGELIST_FRACTION
) {
6380 percpu_pagelist_fraction
= old_percpu_pagelist_fraction
;
6386 if (percpu_pagelist_fraction
== old_percpu_pagelist_fraction
)
6389 for_each_populated_zone(zone
) {
6392 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu
)
6393 pageset_set_high_and_batch(zone
,
6394 per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, cpu
));
6397 mutex_unlock(&pcp_batch_high_lock
);
6402 int hashdist
= HASHDIST_DEFAULT
;
6404 static int __init
set_hashdist(char *str
)
6408 hashdist
= simple_strtoul(str
, &str
, 0);
6411 __setup("hashdist=", set_hashdist
);
6415 * allocate a large system hash table from bootmem
6416 * - it is assumed that the hash table must contain an exact power-of-2
6417 * quantity of entries
6418 * - limit is the number of hash buckets, not the total allocation size
6420 void *__init
alloc_large_system_hash(const char *tablename
,
6421 unsigned long bucketsize
,
6422 unsigned long numentries
,
6425 unsigned int *_hash_shift
,
6426 unsigned int *_hash_mask
,
6427 unsigned long low_limit
,
6428 unsigned long high_limit
)
6430 unsigned long long max
= high_limit
;
6431 unsigned long log2qty
, size
;
6434 /* allow the kernel cmdline to have a say */
6436 /* round applicable memory size up to nearest megabyte */
6437 numentries
= nr_kernel_pages
;
6439 /* It isn't necessary when PAGE_SIZE >= 1MB */
6440 if (PAGE_SHIFT
< 20)
6441 numentries
= round_up(numentries
, (1<<20)/PAGE_SIZE
);
6443 /* limit to 1 bucket per 2^scale bytes of low memory */
6444 if (scale
> PAGE_SHIFT
)
6445 numentries
>>= (scale
- PAGE_SHIFT
);
6447 numentries
<<= (PAGE_SHIFT
- scale
);
6449 /* Make sure we've got at least a 0-order allocation.. */
6450 if (unlikely(flags
& HASH_SMALL
)) {
6451 /* Makes no sense without HASH_EARLY */
6452 WARN_ON(!(flags
& HASH_EARLY
));
6453 if (!(numentries
>> *_hash_shift
)) {
6454 numentries
= 1UL << *_hash_shift
;
6455 BUG_ON(!numentries
);
6457 } else if (unlikely((numentries
* bucketsize
) < PAGE_SIZE
))
6458 numentries
= PAGE_SIZE
/ bucketsize
;
6460 numentries
= roundup_pow_of_two(numentries
);
6462 /* limit allocation size to 1/16 total memory by default */
6464 max
= ((unsigned long long)nr_all_pages
<< PAGE_SHIFT
) >> 4;
6465 do_div(max
, bucketsize
);
6467 max
= min(max
, 0x80000000ULL
);
6469 if (numentries
< low_limit
)
6470 numentries
= low_limit
;
6471 if (numentries
> max
)
6474 log2qty
= ilog2(numentries
);
6477 size
= bucketsize
<< log2qty
;
6478 if (flags
& HASH_EARLY
)
6479 table
= memblock_virt_alloc_nopanic(size
, 0);
6481 table
= __vmalloc(size
, GFP_ATOMIC
, PAGE_KERNEL
);
6484 * If bucketsize is not a power-of-two, we may free
6485 * some pages at the end of hash table which
6486 * alloc_pages_exact() automatically does
6488 if (get_order(size
) < MAX_ORDER
) {
6489 table
= alloc_pages_exact(size
, GFP_ATOMIC
);
6490 kmemleak_alloc(table
, size
, 1, GFP_ATOMIC
);
6493 } while (!table
&& size
> PAGE_SIZE
&& --log2qty
);
6496 panic("Failed to allocate %s hash table\n", tablename
);
6498 printk(KERN_INFO
"%s hash table entries: %ld (order: %d, %lu bytes)\n",
6501 ilog2(size
) - PAGE_SHIFT
,
6505 *_hash_shift
= log2qty
;
6507 *_hash_mask
= (1 << log2qty
) - 1;
6512 /* Return a pointer to the bitmap storing bits affecting a block of pages */
6513 static inline unsigned long *get_pageblock_bitmap(struct zone
*zone
,
6516 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
6517 return __pfn_to_section(pfn
)->pageblock_flags
;
6519 return zone
->pageblock_flags
;
6520 #endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
6523 static inline int pfn_to_bitidx(struct zone
*zone
, unsigned long pfn
)
6525 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
6526 pfn
&= (PAGES_PER_SECTION
-1);
6527 return (pfn
>> pageblock_order
) * NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS
;
6529 pfn
= pfn
- round_down(zone
->zone_start_pfn
, pageblock_nr_pages
);
6530 return (pfn
>> pageblock_order
) * NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS
;
6531 #endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
6535 * get_pfnblock_flags_mask - Return the requested group of flags for the pageblock_nr_pages block of pages
6536 * @page: The page within the block of interest
6537 * @pfn: The target page frame number
6538 * @end_bitidx: The last bit of interest to retrieve
6539 * @mask: mask of bits that the caller is interested in
6541 * Return: pageblock_bits flags
6543 unsigned long get_pfnblock_flags_mask(struct page
*page
, unsigned long pfn
,
6544 unsigned long end_bitidx
,
6548 unsigned long *bitmap
;
6549 unsigned long bitidx
, word_bitidx
;
6552 zone
= page_zone(page
);
6553 bitmap
= get_pageblock_bitmap(zone
, pfn
);
6554 bitidx
= pfn_to_bitidx(zone
, pfn
);
6555 word_bitidx
= bitidx
/ BITS_PER_LONG
;
6556 bitidx
&= (BITS_PER_LONG
-1);
6558 word
= bitmap
[word_bitidx
];
6559 bitidx
+= end_bitidx
;
6560 return (word
>> (BITS_PER_LONG
- bitidx
- 1)) & mask
;
6564 * set_pfnblock_flags_mask - Set the requested group of flags for a pageblock_nr_pages block of pages
6565 * @page: The page within the block of interest
6566 * @flags: The flags to set
6567 * @pfn: The target page frame number
6568 * @end_bitidx: The last bit of interest
6569 * @mask: mask of bits that the caller is interested in
6571 void set_pfnblock_flags_mask(struct page
*page
, unsigned long flags
,
6573 unsigned long end_bitidx
,
6577 unsigned long *bitmap
;
6578 unsigned long bitidx
, word_bitidx
;
6579 unsigned long old_word
, word
;
6581 BUILD_BUG_ON(NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS
!= 4);
6583 zone
= page_zone(page
);
6584 bitmap
= get_pageblock_bitmap(zone
, pfn
);
6585 bitidx
= pfn_to_bitidx(zone
, pfn
);
6586 word_bitidx
= bitidx
/ BITS_PER_LONG
;
6587 bitidx
&= (BITS_PER_LONG
-1);
6589 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!zone_spans_pfn(zone
, pfn
), page
);
6591 bitidx
+= end_bitidx
;
6592 mask
<<= (BITS_PER_LONG
- bitidx
- 1);
6593 flags
<<= (BITS_PER_LONG
- bitidx
- 1);
6595 word
= READ_ONCE(bitmap
[word_bitidx
]);
6597 old_word
= cmpxchg(&bitmap
[word_bitidx
], word
, (word
& ~mask
) | flags
);
6598 if (word
== old_word
)
6605 * This function checks whether pageblock includes unmovable pages or not.
6606 * If @count is not zero, it is okay to include less @count unmovable pages
6608 * PageLRU check without isolation or lru_lock could race so that
6609 * MIGRATE_MOVABLE block might include unmovable pages. It means you can't
6610 * expect this function should be exact.
6612 bool has_unmovable_pages(struct zone
*zone
, struct page
*page
, int count
,
6613 bool skip_hwpoisoned_pages
)
6615 unsigned long pfn
, iter
, found
;
6619 * For avoiding noise data, lru_add_drain_all() should be called
6620 * If ZONE_MOVABLE, the zone never contains unmovable pages
6622 if (zone_idx(zone
) == ZONE_MOVABLE
)
6624 mt
= get_pageblock_migratetype(page
);
6625 if (mt
== MIGRATE_MOVABLE
|| is_migrate_cma(mt
))
6628 pfn
= page_to_pfn(page
);
6629 for (found
= 0, iter
= 0; iter
< pageblock_nr_pages
; iter
++) {
6630 unsigned long check
= pfn
+ iter
;
6632 if (!pfn_valid_within(check
))
6635 page
= pfn_to_page(check
);
6638 * Hugepages are not in LRU lists, but they're movable.
6639 * We need not scan over tail pages bacause we don't
6640 * handle each tail page individually in migration.
6642 if (PageHuge(page
)) {
6643 iter
= round_up(iter
+ 1, 1<<compound_order(page
)) - 1;
6648 * We can't use page_count without pin a page
6649 * because another CPU can free compound page.
6650 * This check already skips compound tails of THP
6651 * because their page->_count is zero at all time.
6653 if (!atomic_read(&page
->_count
)) {
6654 if (PageBuddy(page
))
6655 iter
+= (1 << page_order(page
)) - 1;
6660 * The HWPoisoned page may be not in buddy system, and
6661 * page_count() is not 0.
6663 if (skip_hwpoisoned_pages
&& PageHWPoison(page
))
6669 * If there are RECLAIMABLE pages, we need to check
6670 * it. But now, memory offline itself doesn't call
6671 * shrink_node_slabs() and it still to be fixed.
6674 * If the page is not RAM, page_count()should be 0.
6675 * we don't need more check. This is an _used_ not-movable page.
6677 * The problematic thing here is PG_reserved pages. PG_reserved
6678 * is set to both of a memory hole page and a _used_ kernel
6687 bool is_pageblock_removable_nolock(struct page
*page
)
6693 * We have to be careful here because we are iterating over memory
6694 * sections which are not zone aware so we might end up outside of
6695 * the zone but still within the section.
6696 * We have to take care about the node as well. If the node is offline
6697 * its NODE_DATA will be NULL - see page_zone.
6699 if (!node_online(page_to_nid(page
)))
6702 zone
= page_zone(page
);
6703 pfn
= page_to_pfn(page
);
6704 if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone
, pfn
))
6707 return !has_unmovable_pages(zone
, page
, 0, true);
6712 static unsigned long pfn_max_align_down(unsigned long pfn
)
6714 return pfn
& ~(max_t(unsigned long, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
,
6715 pageblock_nr_pages
) - 1);
6718 static unsigned long pfn_max_align_up(unsigned long pfn
)
6720 return ALIGN(pfn
, max_t(unsigned long, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
,
6721 pageblock_nr_pages
));
6724 /* [start, end) must belong to a single zone. */
6725 static int __alloc_contig_migrate_range(struct compact_control
*cc
,
6726 unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
6728 /* This function is based on compact_zone() from compaction.c. */
6729 unsigned long nr_reclaimed
;
6730 unsigned long pfn
= start
;
6731 unsigned int tries
= 0;
6736 while (pfn
< end
|| !list_empty(&cc
->migratepages
)) {
6737 if (fatal_signal_pending(current
)) {
6742 if (list_empty(&cc
->migratepages
)) {
6743 cc
->nr_migratepages
= 0;
6744 pfn
= isolate_migratepages_range(cc
, pfn
, end
);
6750 } else if (++tries
== 5) {
6751 ret
= ret
< 0 ? ret
: -EBUSY
;
6755 nr_reclaimed
= reclaim_clean_pages_from_list(cc
->zone
,
6757 cc
->nr_migratepages
-= nr_reclaimed
;
6759 ret
= migrate_pages(&cc
->migratepages
, alloc_migrate_target
,
6760 NULL
, 0, cc
->mode
, MR_CMA
);
6763 putback_movable_pages(&cc
->migratepages
);
6770 * alloc_contig_range() -- tries to allocate given range of pages
6771 * @start: start PFN to allocate
6772 * @end: one-past-the-last PFN to allocate
6773 * @migratetype: migratetype of the underlaying pageblocks (either
6774 * #MIGRATE_MOVABLE or #MIGRATE_CMA). All pageblocks
6775 * in range must have the same migratetype and it must
6776 * be either of the two.
6778 * The PFN range does not have to be pageblock or MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
6779 * aligned, however it's the caller's responsibility to guarantee that
6780 * we are the only thread that changes migrate type of pageblocks the
6783 * The PFN range must belong to a single zone.
6785 * Returns zero on success or negative error code. On success all
6786 * pages which PFN is in [start, end) are allocated for the caller and
6787 * need to be freed with free_contig_range().
6789 int alloc_contig_range(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
,
6790 unsigned migratetype
)
6792 unsigned long outer_start
, outer_end
;
6795 struct compact_control cc
= {
6796 .nr_migratepages
= 0,
6798 .zone
= page_zone(pfn_to_page(start
)),
6799 .mode
= MIGRATE_SYNC
,
6800 .ignore_skip_hint
= true,
6802 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc
.migratepages
);
6805 * What we do here is we mark all pageblocks in range as
6806 * MIGRATE_ISOLATE. Because pageblock and max order pages may
6807 * have different sizes, and due to the way page allocator
6808 * work, we align the range to biggest of the two pages so
6809 * that page allocator won't try to merge buddies from
6810 * different pageblocks and change MIGRATE_ISOLATE to some
6811 * other migration type.
6813 * Once the pageblocks are marked as MIGRATE_ISOLATE, we
6814 * migrate the pages from an unaligned range (ie. pages that
6815 * we are interested in). This will put all the pages in
6816 * range back to page allocator as MIGRATE_ISOLATE.
6818 * When this is done, we take the pages in range from page
6819 * allocator removing them from the buddy system. This way
6820 * page allocator will never consider using them.
6822 * This lets us mark the pageblocks back as
6823 * MIGRATE_CMA/MIGRATE_MOVABLE so that free pages in the
6824 * aligned range but not in the unaligned, original range are
6825 * put back to page allocator so that buddy can use them.
6828 ret
= start_isolate_page_range(pfn_max_align_down(start
),
6829 pfn_max_align_up(end
), migratetype
,
6834 ret
= __alloc_contig_migrate_range(&cc
, start
, end
);
6839 * Pages from [start, end) are within a MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
6840 * aligned blocks that are marked as MIGRATE_ISOLATE. What's
6841 * more, all pages in [start, end) are free in page allocator.
6842 * What we are going to do is to allocate all pages from
6843 * [start, end) (that is remove them from page allocator).
6845 * The only problem is that pages at the beginning and at the
6846 * end of interesting range may be not aligned with pages that
6847 * page allocator holds, ie. they can be part of higher order
6848 * pages. Because of this, we reserve the bigger range and
6849 * once this is done free the pages we are not interested in.
6851 * We don't have to hold zone->lock here because the pages are
6852 * isolated thus they won't get removed from buddy.
6855 lru_add_drain_all();
6856 drain_all_pages(cc
.zone
);
6859 outer_start
= start
;
6860 while (!PageBuddy(pfn_to_page(outer_start
))) {
6861 if (++order
>= MAX_ORDER
) {
6865 outer_start
&= ~0UL << order
;
6868 /* Make sure the range is really isolated. */
6869 if (test_pages_isolated(outer_start
, end
, false)) {
6870 pr_info("%s: [%lx, %lx) PFNs busy\n",
6871 __func__
, outer_start
, end
);
6876 /* Grab isolated pages from freelists. */
6877 outer_end
= isolate_freepages_range(&cc
, outer_start
, end
);
6883 /* Free head and tail (if any) */
6884 if (start
!= outer_start
)
6885 free_contig_range(outer_start
, start
- outer_start
);
6886 if (end
!= outer_end
)
6887 free_contig_range(end
, outer_end
- end
);
6890 undo_isolate_page_range(pfn_max_align_down(start
),
6891 pfn_max_align_up(end
), migratetype
);
6895 void free_contig_range(unsigned long pfn
, unsigned nr_pages
)
6897 unsigned int count
= 0;
6899 for (; nr_pages
--; pfn
++) {
6900 struct page
*page
= pfn_to_page(pfn
);
6902 count
+= page_count(page
) != 1;
6905 WARN(count
!= 0, "%d pages are still in use!\n", count
);
6909 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
6911 * The zone indicated has a new number of managed_pages; batch sizes and percpu
6912 * page high values need to be recalulated.
6914 void __meminit
zone_pcp_update(struct zone
*zone
)
6917 mutex_lock(&pcp_batch_high_lock
);
6918 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu
)
6919 pageset_set_high_and_batch(zone
,
6920 per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, cpu
));
6921 mutex_unlock(&pcp_batch_high_lock
);
6925 void zone_pcp_reset(struct zone
*zone
)
6927 unsigned long flags
;
6929 struct per_cpu_pageset
*pset
;
6931 /* avoid races with drain_pages() */
6932 local_irq_save(flags
);
6933 if (zone
->pageset
!= &boot_pageset
) {
6934 for_each_online_cpu(cpu
) {
6935 pset
= per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, cpu
);
6936 drain_zonestat(zone
, pset
);
6938 free_percpu(zone
->pageset
);
6939 zone
->pageset
= &boot_pageset
;
6941 local_irq_restore(flags
);
6944 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
6946 * All pages in the range must be isolated before calling this.
6949 __offline_isolated_pages(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
6953 unsigned int order
, i
;
6955 unsigned long flags
;
6956 /* find the first valid pfn */
6957 for (pfn
= start_pfn
; pfn
< end_pfn
; pfn
++)
6962 zone
= page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn
));
6963 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
6965 while (pfn
< end_pfn
) {
6966 if (!pfn_valid(pfn
)) {
6970 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn
);
6972 * The HWPoisoned page may be not in buddy system, and
6973 * page_count() is not 0.
6975 if (unlikely(!PageBuddy(page
) && PageHWPoison(page
))) {
6977 SetPageReserved(page
);
6981 BUG_ON(page_count(page
));
6982 BUG_ON(!PageBuddy(page
));
6983 order
= page_order(page
);
6984 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
6985 printk(KERN_INFO
"remove from free list %lx %d %lx\n",
6986 pfn
, 1 << order
, end_pfn
);
6988 list_del(&page
->lru
);
6989 rmv_page_order(page
);
6990 zone
->free_area
[order
].nr_free
--;
6991 for (i
= 0; i
< (1 << order
); i
++)
6992 SetPageReserved((page
+i
));
6993 pfn
+= (1 << order
);
6995 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
6999 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
7000 bool is_free_buddy_page(struct page
*page
)
7002 struct zone
*zone
= page_zone(page
);
7003 unsigned long pfn
= page_to_pfn(page
);
7004 unsigned long flags
;
7007 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
7008 for (order
= 0; order
< MAX_ORDER
; order
++) {
7009 struct page
*page_head
= page
- (pfn
& ((1 << order
) - 1));
7011 if (PageBuddy(page_head
) && page_order(page_head
) >= order
)
7014 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
7016 return order
< MAX_ORDER
;