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1 #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 #
3 # Migration Stream Analyzer
4 #
5 # Copyright (c) 2015 Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
6 #
7 # This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 # modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9 # License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10 # version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 #
12 # This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 # Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 #
17 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 # License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19
20 import json
21 import os
22 import argparse
23 import collections
24 import struct
25 import sys
26
27
28 def mkdir_p(path):
29 try:
30 os.makedirs(path)
31 except OSError:
32 pass
33
34
35 class MigrationFile(object):
36 def __init__(self, filename):
37 self.filename = filename
38 self.file = open(self.filename, "rb")
39
40 def read64(self):
41 return int.from_bytes(self.file.read(8), byteorder='big', signed=False)
42
43 def read32(self):
44 return int.from_bytes(self.file.read(4), byteorder='big', signed=False)
45
46 def read16(self):
47 return int.from_bytes(self.file.read(2), byteorder='big', signed=False)
48
49 def read8(self):
50 return int.from_bytes(self.file.read(1), byteorder='big', signed=True)
51
52 def readstr(self, len = None):
53 return self.readvar(len).decode('utf-8')
54
55 def readvar(self, size = None):
56 if size is None:
57 size = self.read8()
58 if size == 0:
59 return ""
60 value = self.file.read(size)
61 if len(value) != size:
62 raise Exception("Unexpected end of %s at 0x%x" % (self.filename, self.file.tell()))
63 return value
64
65 def tell(self):
66 return self.file.tell()
67
68 # The VMSD description is at the end of the file, after EOF. Look for
69 # the last NULL byte, then for the beginning brace of JSON.
70 def read_migration_debug_json(self):
71 QEMU_VM_VMDESCRIPTION = 0x06
72
73 # Remember the offset in the file when we started
74 entrypos = self.file.tell()
75
76 # Read the last 10MB
77 self.file.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
78 endpos = self.file.tell()
79 self.file.seek(max(-endpos, -10 * 1024 * 1024), os.SEEK_END)
80 datapos = self.file.tell()
81 data = self.file.read()
82 # The full file read closed the file as well, reopen it
83 self.file = open(self.filename, "rb")
84
85 # Find the last NULL byte, then the first brace after that. This should
86 # be the beginning of our JSON data.
87 nulpos = data.rfind(b'\0')
88 jsonpos = data.find(b'{', nulpos)
89
90 # Check backwards from there and see whether we guessed right
91 self.file.seek(datapos + jsonpos - 5, 0)
92 if self.read8() != QEMU_VM_VMDESCRIPTION:
93 raise Exception("No Debug Migration device found")
94
95 jsonlen = self.read32()
96
97 # Seek back to where we were at the beginning
98 self.file.seek(entrypos, 0)
99
100 # explicit decode() needed for Python 3.5 compatibility
101 return data[jsonpos:jsonpos + jsonlen].decode("utf-8")
102
103 def close(self):
104 self.file.close()
105
106 class RamSection(object):
107 RAM_SAVE_FLAG_COMPRESS = 0x02
108 RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MEM_SIZE = 0x04
109 RAM_SAVE_FLAG_PAGE = 0x08
110 RAM_SAVE_FLAG_EOS = 0x10
111 RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE = 0x20
112 RAM_SAVE_FLAG_XBZRLE = 0x40
113 RAM_SAVE_FLAG_HOOK = 0x80
114 RAM_SAVE_FLAG_COMPRESS_PAGE = 0x100
115 RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MULTIFD_FLUSH = 0x200
116
117 def __init__(self, file, version_id, ramargs, section_key):
118 if version_id != 4:
119 raise Exception("Unknown RAM version %d" % version_id)
120
121 self.file = file
122 self.section_key = section_key
123 self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE = ramargs['page_size']
124 self.dump_memory = ramargs['dump_memory']
125 self.write_memory = ramargs['write_memory']
126 self.ignore_shared = ramargs['ignore_shared']
127 self.sizeinfo = collections.OrderedDict()
128 self.data = collections.OrderedDict()
129 self.data['section sizes'] = self.sizeinfo
130 self.name = ''
131 if self.write_memory:
132 self.files = { }
133 if self.dump_memory:
134 self.memory = collections.OrderedDict()
135 self.data['memory'] = self.memory
136
137 def __repr__(self):
138 return self.data.__repr__()
139
140 def __str__(self):
141 return self.data.__str__()
142
143 def getDict(self):
144 return self.data
145
146 def read(self):
147 # Read all RAM sections
148 while True:
149 addr = self.file.read64()
150 flags = addr & (self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE - 1)
151 addr &= ~(self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE - 1)
152
153 if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MEM_SIZE:
154 while True:
155 namelen = self.file.read8()
156 # We assume that no RAM chunk is big enough to ever
157 # hit the first byte of the address, so when we see
158 # a zero here we know it has to be an address, not the
159 # length of the next block.
160 if namelen == 0:
161 self.file.file.seek(-1, 1)
162 break
163 self.name = self.file.readstr(len = namelen)
164 len = self.file.read64()
165 self.sizeinfo[self.name] = '0x%016x' % len
166 if self.write_memory:
167 print(self.name)
168 mkdir_p('./' + os.path.dirname(self.name))
169 f = open('./' + self.name, "wb")
170 f.truncate(0)
171 f.truncate(len)
172 self.files[self.name] = f
173 if self.ignore_shared:
174 mr_addr = self.file.read64()
175 flags &= ~self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MEM_SIZE
176
177 if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_COMPRESS:
178 if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE:
179 flags &= ~self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE
180 else:
181 self.name = self.file.readstr()
182 fill_char = self.file.read8()
183 # The page in question is filled with fill_char now
184 if self.write_memory and fill_char != 0:
185 self.files[self.name].seek(addr, os.SEEK_SET)
186 self.files[self.name].write(chr(fill_char) * self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE)
187 if self.dump_memory:
188 self.memory['%s (0x%016x)' % (self.name, addr)] = 'Filled with 0x%02x' % fill_char
189 flags &= ~self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_COMPRESS
190 elif flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_PAGE:
191 if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE:
192 flags &= ~self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE
193 else:
194 self.name = self.file.readstr()
195
196 if self.write_memory or self.dump_memory:
197 data = self.file.readvar(size = self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE)
198 else: # Just skip RAM data
199 self.file.file.seek(self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE, 1)
200
201 if self.write_memory:
202 self.files[self.name].seek(addr, os.SEEK_SET)
203 self.files[self.name].write(data)
204 if self.dump_memory:
205 hexdata = " ".join("{0:02x}".format(ord(c)) for c in data)
206 self.memory['%s (0x%016x)' % (self.name, addr)] = hexdata
207
208 flags &= ~self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_PAGE
209 elif flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_XBZRLE:
210 raise Exception("XBZRLE RAM compression is not supported yet")
211 elif flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_HOOK:
212 raise Exception("RAM hooks don't make sense with files")
213 if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MULTIFD_FLUSH:
214 continue
215
216 # End of RAM section
217 if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_EOS:
218 break
219
220 if flags != 0:
221 raise Exception("Unknown RAM flags: %x" % flags)
222
223 def __del__(self):
224 if self.write_memory:
225 for key in self.files:
226 self.files[key].close()
227
228
229 class HTABSection(object):
230 HASH_PTE_SIZE_64 = 16
231
232 def __init__(self, file, version_id, device, section_key):
233 if version_id != 1:
234 raise Exception("Unknown HTAB version %d" % version_id)
235
236 self.file = file
237 self.section_key = section_key
238
239 def read(self):
240
241 header = self.file.read32()
242
243 if (header == -1):
244 # "no HPT" encoding
245 return
246
247 if (header > 0):
248 # First section, just the hash shift
249 return
250
251 # Read until end marker
252 while True:
253 index = self.file.read32()
254 n_valid = self.file.read16()
255 n_invalid = self.file.read16()
256
257 if index == 0 and n_valid == 0 and n_invalid == 0:
258 break
259
260 self.file.readvar(n_valid * self.HASH_PTE_SIZE_64)
261
262 def getDict(self):
263 return ""
264
265
266 class S390StorageAttributes(object):
267 STATTR_FLAG_EOS = 0x01
268 STATTR_FLAG_MORE = 0x02
269 STATTR_FLAG_ERROR = 0x04
270 STATTR_FLAG_DONE = 0x08
271
272 def __init__(self, file, version_id, device, section_key):
273 if version_id != 0:
274 raise Exception("Unknown storage_attributes version %d" % version_id)
275
276 self.file = file
277 self.section_key = section_key
278
279 def read(self):
280 while True:
281 addr_flags = self.file.read64()
282 flags = addr_flags & 0xfff
283 if (flags & (self.STATTR_FLAG_DONE | self.STATTR_FLAG_EOS)):
284 return
285 if (flags & self.STATTR_FLAG_ERROR):
286 raise Exception("Error in migration stream")
287 count = self.file.read64()
288 self.file.readvar(count)
289
290 def getDict(self):
291 return ""
292
293
294 class ConfigurationSection(object):
295 def __init__(self, file, desc):
296 self.file = file
297 self.desc = desc
298 self.caps = []
299
300 def parse_capabilities(self, vmsd_caps):
301 if not vmsd_caps:
302 return
303
304 ncaps = vmsd_caps.data['caps_count'].data
305 self.caps = vmsd_caps.data['capabilities']
306
307 if type(self.caps) != list:
308 self.caps = [self.caps]
309
310 if len(self.caps) != ncaps:
311 raise Exception("Number of capabilities doesn't match "
312 "caps_count field")
313
314 def has_capability(self, cap):
315 return any([str(c) == cap for c in self.caps])
316
317 def read(self):
318 if self.desc:
319 version_id = self.desc['version']
320 section = VMSDSection(self.file, version_id, self.desc,
321 'configuration')
322 section.read()
323 self.parse_capabilities(
324 section.data.get("configuration/capabilities"))
325 else:
326 # backward compatibility for older streams that don't have
327 # the configuration section in the json
328 name_len = self.file.read32()
329 name = self.file.readstr(len = name_len)
330
331 class VMSDFieldGeneric(object):
332 def __init__(self, desc, file):
333 self.file = file
334 self.desc = desc
335 self.data = ""
336
337 def __repr__(self):
338 return str(self.__str__())
339
340 def __str__(self):
341 return " ".join("{0:02x}".format(c) for c in self.data)
342
343 def getDict(self):
344 return self.__str__()
345
346 def read(self):
347 size = int(self.desc['size'])
348 self.data = self.file.readvar(size)
349 return self.data
350
351 class VMSDFieldCap(object):
352 def __init__(self, desc, file):
353 self.file = file
354 self.desc = desc
355 self.data = ""
356
357 def __repr__(self):
358 return self.data
359
360 def __str__(self):
361 return self.data
362
363 def read(self):
364 len = self.file.read8()
365 self.data = self.file.readstr(len)
366
367
368 class VMSDFieldInt(VMSDFieldGeneric):
369 def __init__(self, desc, file):
370 super(VMSDFieldInt, self).__init__(desc, file)
371 self.size = int(desc['size'])
372 self.format = '0x%%0%dx' % (self.size * 2)
373 self.sdtype = '>i%d' % self.size
374 self.udtype = '>u%d' % self.size
375
376 def __repr__(self):
377 if self.data < 0:
378 return ('%s (%d)' % ((self.format % self.udata), self.data))
379 else:
380 return self.format % self.data
381
382 def __str__(self):
383 return self.__repr__()
384
385 def getDict(self):
386 return self.__str__()
387
388 def read(self):
389 super(VMSDFieldInt, self).read()
390 self.sdata = int.from_bytes(self.data, byteorder='big', signed=True)
391 self.udata = int.from_bytes(self.data, byteorder='big', signed=False)
392 self.data = self.sdata
393 return self.data
394
395 class VMSDFieldUInt(VMSDFieldInt):
396 def __init__(self, desc, file):
397 super(VMSDFieldUInt, self).__init__(desc, file)
398
399 def read(self):
400 super(VMSDFieldUInt, self).read()
401 self.data = self.udata
402 return self.data
403
404 class VMSDFieldIntLE(VMSDFieldInt):
405 def __init__(self, desc, file):
406 super(VMSDFieldIntLE, self).__init__(desc, file)
407 self.dtype = '<i%d' % self.size
408
409 class VMSDFieldBool(VMSDFieldGeneric):
410 def __init__(self, desc, file):
411 super(VMSDFieldBool, self).__init__(desc, file)
412
413 def __repr__(self):
414 return self.data.__repr__()
415
416 def __str__(self):
417 return self.data.__str__()
418
419 def getDict(self):
420 return self.data
421
422 def read(self):
423 super(VMSDFieldBool, self).read()
424 if self.data[0] == 0:
425 self.data = False
426 else:
427 self.data = True
428 return self.data
429
430 class VMSDFieldStruct(VMSDFieldGeneric):
431 QEMU_VM_SUBSECTION = 0x05
432
433 def __init__(self, desc, file):
434 super(VMSDFieldStruct, self).__init__(desc, file)
435 self.data = collections.OrderedDict()
436
437 # When we see compressed array elements, unfold them here
438 new_fields = []
439 for field in self.desc['struct']['fields']:
440 if not 'array_len' in field:
441 new_fields.append(field)
442 continue
443 array_len = field.pop('array_len')
444 field['index'] = 0
445 new_fields.append(field)
446 for i in range(1, array_len):
447 c = field.copy()
448 c['index'] = i
449 new_fields.append(c)
450
451 self.desc['struct']['fields'] = new_fields
452
453 def __repr__(self):
454 return self.data.__repr__()
455
456 def __str__(self):
457 return self.data.__str__()
458
459 def read(self):
460 for field in self.desc['struct']['fields']:
461 try:
462 reader = vmsd_field_readers[field['type']]
463 except:
464 reader = VMSDFieldGeneric
465
466 field['data'] = reader(field, self.file)
467 field['data'].read()
468
469 if 'index' in field:
470 if field['name'] not in self.data:
471 self.data[field['name']] = []
472 a = self.data[field['name']]
473 if len(a) != int(field['index']):
474 raise Exception("internal index of data field unmatched (%d/%d)" % (len(a), int(field['index'])))
475 a.append(field['data'])
476 else:
477 self.data[field['name']] = field['data']
478
479 if 'subsections' in self.desc['struct']:
480 for subsection in self.desc['struct']['subsections']:
481 if self.file.read8() != self.QEMU_VM_SUBSECTION:
482 raise Exception("Subsection %s not found at offset %x" % ( subsection['vmsd_name'], self.file.tell()))
483 name = self.file.readstr()
484 version_id = self.file.read32()
485 self.data[name] = VMSDSection(self.file, version_id, subsection, (name, 0))
486 self.data[name].read()
487
488 def getDictItem(self, value):
489 # Strings would fall into the array category, treat
490 # them specially
491 if value.__class__ is ''.__class__:
492 return value
493
494 try:
495 return self.getDictOrderedDict(value)
496 except:
497 try:
498 return self.getDictArray(value)
499 except:
500 try:
501 return value.getDict()
502 except:
503 return value
504
505 def getDictArray(self, array):
506 r = []
507 for value in array:
508 r.append(self.getDictItem(value))
509 return r
510
511 def getDictOrderedDict(self, dict):
512 r = collections.OrderedDict()
513 for (key, value) in dict.items():
514 r[key] = self.getDictItem(value)
515 return r
516
517 def getDict(self):
518 return self.getDictOrderedDict(self.data)
519
520 vmsd_field_readers = {
521 "bool" : VMSDFieldBool,
522 "int8" : VMSDFieldInt,
523 "int16" : VMSDFieldInt,
524 "int32" : VMSDFieldInt,
525 "int32 equal" : VMSDFieldInt,
526 "int32 le" : VMSDFieldIntLE,
527 "int64" : VMSDFieldInt,
528 "uint8" : VMSDFieldUInt,
529 "uint16" : VMSDFieldUInt,
530 "uint32" : VMSDFieldUInt,
531 "uint32 equal" : VMSDFieldUInt,
532 "uint64" : VMSDFieldUInt,
533 "int64 equal" : VMSDFieldInt,
534 "uint8 equal" : VMSDFieldInt,
535 "uint16 equal" : VMSDFieldInt,
536 "float64" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
537 "timer" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
538 "buffer" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
539 "unused_buffer" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
540 "bitmap" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
541 "struct" : VMSDFieldStruct,
542 "capability": VMSDFieldCap,
543 "unknown" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
544 }
545
546 class VMSDSection(VMSDFieldStruct):
547 def __init__(self, file, version_id, device, section_key):
548 self.file = file
549 self.data = ""
550 self.vmsd_name = ""
551 self.section_key = section_key
552 desc = device
553 if 'vmsd_name' in device:
554 self.vmsd_name = device['vmsd_name']
555
556 # A section really is nothing but a FieldStruct :)
557 super(VMSDSection, self).__init__({ 'struct' : desc }, file)
558
559 ###############################################################################
560
561 class MigrationDump(object):
562 QEMU_VM_FILE_MAGIC = 0x5145564d
563 QEMU_VM_FILE_VERSION = 0x00000003
564 QEMU_VM_EOF = 0x00
565 QEMU_VM_SECTION_START = 0x01
566 QEMU_VM_SECTION_PART = 0x02
567 QEMU_VM_SECTION_END = 0x03
568 QEMU_VM_SECTION_FULL = 0x04
569 QEMU_VM_SUBSECTION = 0x05
570 QEMU_VM_VMDESCRIPTION = 0x06
571 QEMU_VM_CONFIGURATION = 0x07
572 QEMU_VM_SECTION_FOOTER= 0x7e
573
574 def __init__(self, filename):
575 self.section_classes = {
576 ( 'ram', 0 ) : [ RamSection, None ],
577 ( 's390-storage_attributes', 0 ) : [ S390StorageAttributes, None],
578 ( 'spapr/htab', 0) : ( HTABSection, None )
579 }
580 self.filename = filename
581 self.vmsd_desc = None
582
583 def read(self, desc_only = False, dump_memory = False, write_memory = False):
584 # Read in the whole file
585 file = MigrationFile(self.filename)
586
587 # File magic
588 data = file.read32()
589 if data != self.QEMU_VM_FILE_MAGIC:
590 raise Exception("Invalid file magic %x" % data)
591
592 # Version (has to be v3)
593 data = file.read32()
594 if data != self.QEMU_VM_FILE_VERSION:
595 raise Exception("Invalid version number %d" % data)
596
597 self.load_vmsd_json(file)
598
599 # Read sections
600 self.sections = collections.OrderedDict()
601
602 if desc_only:
603 return
604
605 ramargs = {}
606 ramargs['page_size'] = self.vmsd_desc['page_size']
607 ramargs['dump_memory'] = dump_memory
608 ramargs['write_memory'] = write_memory
609 ramargs['ignore_shared'] = False
610 self.section_classes[('ram',0)][1] = ramargs
611
612 while True:
613 section_type = file.read8()
614 if section_type == self.QEMU_VM_EOF:
615 break
616 elif section_type == self.QEMU_VM_CONFIGURATION:
617 config_desc = self.vmsd_desc.get('configuration')
618 section = ConfigurationSection(file, config_desc)
619 section.read()
620 ramargs['ignore_shared'] = section.has_capability('x-ignore-shared')
621 elif section_type == self.QEMU_VM_SECTION_START or section_type == self.QEMU_VM_SECTION_FULL:
622 section_id = file.read32()
623 name = file.readstr()
624 instance_id = file.read32()
625 version_id = file.read32()
626 section_key = (name, instance_id)
627 classdesc = self.section_classes[section_key]
628 section = classdesc[0](file, version_id, classdesc[1], section_key)
629 self.sections[section_id] = section
630 section.read()
631 elif section_type == self.QEMU_VM_SECTION_PART or section_type == self.QEMU_VM_SECTION_END:
632 section_id = file.read32()
633 self.sections[section_id].read()
634 elif section_type == self.QEMU_VM_SECTION_FOOTER:
635 read_section_id = file.read32()
636 if read_section_id != section_id:
637 raise Exception("Mismatched section footer: %x vs %x" % (read_section_id, section_id))
638 else:
639 raise Exception("Unknown section type: %d" % section_type)
640 file.close()
641
642 def load_vmsd_json(self, file):
643 vmsd_json = file.read_migration_debug_json()
644 self.vmsd_desc = json.loads(vmsd_json, object_pairs_hook=collections.OrderedDict)
645 for device in self.vmsd_desc['devices']:
646 key = (device['name'], device['instance_id'])
647 value = ( VMSDSection, device )
648 self.section_classes[key] = value
649
650 def getDict(self):
651 r = collections.OrderedDict()
652 for (key, value) in self.sections.items():
653 key = "%s (%d)" % ( value.section_key[0], key )
654 r[key] = value.getDict()
655 return r
656
657 ###############################################################################
658
659 class JSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
660 def default(self, o):
661 if isinstance(o, VMSDFieldGeneric):
662 return str(o)
663 return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
664
665 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
666 parser.add_argument("-f", "--file", help='migration dump to read from', required=True)
667 parser.add_argument("-m", "--memory", help='dump RAM contents as well', action='store_true')
668 parser.add_argument("-d", "--dump", help='what to dump ("state" or "desc")', default='state')
669 parser.add_argument("-x", "--extract", help='extract contents into individual files', action='store_true')
670 args = parser.parse_args()
671
672 jsonenc = JSONEncoder(indent=4, separators=(',', ': '))
673
674 if args.extract:
675 dump = MigrationDump(args.file)
676
677 dump.read(desc_only = True)
678 print("desc.json")
679 f = open("desc.json", "w")
680 f.truncate()
681 f.write(jsonenc.encode(dump.vmsd_desc))
682 f.close()
683
684 dump.read(write_memory = True)
685 dict = dump.getDict()
686 print("state.json")
687 f = open("state.json", "w")
688 f.truncate()
689 f.write(jsonenc.encode(dict))
690 f.close()
691 elif args.dump == "state":
692 dump = MigrationDump(args.file)
693 dump.read(dump_memory = args.memory)
694 dict = dump.getDict()
695 print(jsonenc.encode(dict))
696 elif args.dump == "desc":
697 dump = MigrationDump(args.file)
698 dump.read(desc_only = True)
699 print(jsonenc.encode(dump.vmsd_desc))
700 else:
701 raise Exception("Please specify either -x, -d state or -d desc")